Document 71zVqrKdOvpVgGpoQNvE0BeRB

184 CHAPTER 10 1949 Giiidfe: Jl Table 3. Physiological Response to Gases and Vapobs* Concentrations in Parts of Substance per Million Parts of Air by Volume (ppim)' Substance Rapidly Fatal Acrolein.. Ammonia Amyl acetate.__ Aniline. Arsine 2,000 " Benzene (benzol)_________ Bromine Butyl acetate___ Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride.... Chlorine. Dichlorobenzene,, Dichloroethyl ether Ether (diethyl). . Ethyl acetate...... Ethyl alcohol Ethylene dichloride... Formaldehyde___ __ ;______ Gasoline Hydrogen chloride.___ Hydrogen cyanide... Hydrogen fluoride....._____ Hydrogen sulfide__________ Methyl acetate... Methyl alcohol (Methanol) . Methyl bromide Methyl chloride__ Methylene chloride....,-!-.... Monochlorobenzene - Nitrobenzene - 20,000 100,000 9 nm 4,000 50,000 ---------- - . 40,000 -- --------* . 1,000 200 600 `------- -----20,000 150,000 Nitrogen oxides--.. Phosgene....... PhosDhine Styrene Sulfur dioxide 300 50 1,000 " 400 N Tetrachloroethane-. .... . Tetrachloroethvlene. 1 oluene (tolnoll Trichloroethylene.. J urpentine____ ___________ Xylene (xylol) 7,000 20,000 ' 20,000 Dangerous to Life Maximum Allow in H to 1 Hr faobrleDCaiolnycEenxptorsautrioens 100 2,500 200 10 0.5 100 200 5. - 0.05 5,000 40 10,000 50,000 1,000 1,000 10; 500 35;ooo 10,000 4,000 ---- ------- loob 1 200 5,000 20b -------------------------- - 100b 50 1 50 15 ----- ------- :---------- 400 400 1,000 100 10b 500 Too 50 200 2,000 . 20,000 100 5 400 150 10 . 20" 3 20b 200 200b ' 20 100 500 75 1 25b 1 0.05 400b 10 5,000 5,000 5 100 200 200b 100 200b , Co., N.xYAU..M1uc9w4t3ta).uovRkeupDoirttsnoei rtsh,eimCoim;; mniottxeioeuosn GTahsrsess,holduliumiuitostuouf thaenaAmxresjrgicga&nraC(oKnefemrehnoclde oPfuGbloisvheirnng mental Industrial Hygienists; and other authoritative sources. b Adopted by the American Standard* Association (American Standard Z-37) ~tiir Contaminants 185 JJControl of outdoor odor nuisance is especially troublesome because of the extremely minute quantities of contaminant that are capable of offend ing through a wide area. New industrial chemicals with strange or un familiar odors tend to receive more attention,from the neighborhood than the customary odors generated by well known processes and raw materials.' Methods of odor control currently in use include charcoal adsorption, scrubbing towers and air washers, chlorination, condensation, masking;, passage of the odorous air through combustion chambers, and best of all, substitution of less offensive materials whenever possible9-10 u. Control of air quality within buildings ventilated for human occupancy is discussed in Chapter 12. Tobacco smoke odors, cooking odors and Table 4.' Maxiucm Allowable Concentbations op Dusts, Fumes and Mists* Substance Milligrams per Cubic Metes, Daily Exposures* Antimony........................................................ ............................ -- | Arsenic; arsenic trioxide.................................................--.--' Cadmium, arid compounds.---------------------- ----------------.j Chlorodiphenyls.-------------------------- -------------------------------- --- Chromic acid mist and Chromates (as CrO,).______________ Fluorides--i--..................--------- -------------- ------ -............ Lead; lead carbonate; lead chloride; lead nitrate; lead oxides; lead sulfate. Manganese,' and compounds.. Mercury, and compounds.___ Pentachloronaphthalene_____ Selenium...... ......................... Tellurium----------:....... ...... Trichloronaphthalene............ Trinitrotoluene--......... :........ Zinc oxide fume............:....... 0.1 0.15' 0.1' 1.0 0.1 2.5 0.15' 6.0* 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 5.0 1.5 15.0 * Recommendation, of state and local industrial hygiene agencies and other authoritative aourcca. b 1 milligram per eubio meter = 0.44 grain per 1000 cu ft............ * Adopted by the American Standards Association (American Standard Z-37). body odors are air contaminants of the nuisance type which now command a decisive position in the standards of air quality for indoor. comfort. However, the engineer will find, at times, that odors originating outside buildings in industrial or business districts may determine the kind and capacity of equipment he must provide for a. high quality air supply instal lation. INDUSTRIAL AIR CONTAMINANTS Many industrial processes are sources of contaminants. Their control is an important function of the ventilating or air conditioning engineer, because the atmosphere within buildings is the medium whereby such finely divided matter is dispersed and transported from the source- to remote locations where it may cause property damage, nuisance, fire, ex-i plosion, disease and even death. Tables 3, 4 and 5 give the maximum allowable concentrations for in dustrial air contaminants as currently accepted in most sections of the country. They apply to exposures of 8 hours per day, and refer to the quantities of contaminant permissible in the workers' breathing zone. Some of these figures may be altered as the result of continuous research, and some may differ from those in force in a few cities of states.' The