Document 71yq9b0YYz5agR476xpMBrmwj

MfMMT ABVAHGI IN FINISHING ART IN oumseanw f> Ctaijji/sTryl LAM MOT DU PONT A man who inherits a proud name can wear it like a medal, as something to be displayed for its own sake. Or he can take it in his stride, and through his own efforts pass it along more lustrous than he found it. The latter course was the one followed by Lammot du Pont, former president and chairman of the board of the Du Pont Company, who died last month in his 72nd year. To this quiet, unpretentious man belonged much of the credit for shaping modern Du Pont. He was the eighth du Pont to head the Company founded by his great-grandfather, Eleuthere Irenee du Pont, in 1802. When he became president in 1926, succeeding in turn his brothers Pierre and Irenee, the Du Pont Company had already expanded into rayon, synthetic ammonia, cellophane, dyes and other organic chemicals. His was the task of co-ordinating, consoli dating and mapping for the future. It was on research that Lammot concentrated his efforts. During his 14-year administration expenditures for research increased almost sevenfold. When others showed concern at this trend in the face of depression earnings, he said, "It is more important to do research than it is to pay dividends." His farsighted policy led to the development of neoprene, the first American man-made rubber; the synthesis of nylon, and the industrial know-how that went into the plutonium plant at Hanford, Wash. Characteristically, he refused to accept personal credit for the accomplishments of his administration. "If there weren't a lot of men in the Du Pont Com pany who know more than I know, the Company wouldn't last long," he said. Lammot du Pont was more than the heir to a fam ily and company tradition. He was one of its builders. <mm> BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LI VI NG. .JHfiOUGH CHEMISTRY JAM KS II. McCOKMICK, Editor Vol. 46 No. 4 Associate Editors, M A KG A HI3T M I IN KK GORDON II. K.KSTKH OHH HIV lit: The wheel of progress on the cover depicts the laborious hand finishing of car riages, the almost-as-slow painting of early autos, and more modern finishing. For the story behind the "Duco" lacquer announcement, see the feature on page 19. We wanted a color picture of the 1923 Oakland for the article, hut didn't know the right shade. Using the old formula, our lab made a new color chip to serve as a guide. We even phoned Ohio to check on the license plate, for one of you would surely catch us if we had guessed the wrong color. I'HHYliiW: Our next issue will feature the last of Hill Dutton's current series of Du Pont Magazine articles. This time he relates unusual or important jobs done by our technical service men in working with the Company's 70,000 customers (one of whom called on Du Pont to help keep horse racing a clean sport, and another wanted to dye living trout.) Other important stories will be F. B. Kidgway's outlook for rayon's future and Peg Miner's review of Du Font's textile finishes. Published and copyrighted 1952 by E. 1. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), Wilmington, Delaware. All rights reserved. This magazine or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in U.S.A. !<,; Iv ,shi|i|)lii". . . I'rnrUT A Uailihlc rose In ;i trading jd;u in llicir indii-lry " This in the fourth thilfmi article f>rom)>leil hy the (IttmiMiiiy's ] TtOth aittih ersat v. Its really the story of four mmlmnen whose relations with Du Pont am life ., Uj WIIAIAM S. DUTTON Look behind the progress and claims of the synthetic detergent makers and you will find that the company which began it all in America bears one of the oldest and proudest names in the soap industry. You will also find, further backstage, the name of Du Pont. The story back of the story of the synthetic detergents and their rising triumph and fame involves that intangible catalyst, good will, lacking which there would be no Du Pont business. It begins in the Ohio River town of Cincinnati in 188?. That year two immigrants, William Procter and James Gamble, founded there a small factory for making soap and candles. Two years later a third immigrant, Eugene Grasselli, who like the du Fonts had come from France, built a sulfuric acid plant a few blocks away, and his good neighbors in the soap business were among his first Pv Uii-cC?iUrtTUnIilotSvi'DSs i Both firms went a long way in the generations that followed, Procter & Gamble rose to a leading place in tlieh industry, the Grasselli enterprise to leadership in heavy chemicals. But in one respect neither firm changed. When, in 1328, the Grasselli Chemical Co, became one of Du Pout's manufacturing units, its old neighbor was still a customer. And Grasselli's altered status did not break that tie. It continued into a second century because the Company continued to sell its products and services at prices Procter & Gamble felt were reasonable and fair. Then the first of the synthetic alcohol sulfate detergents was developed in Europe. Wholly different from soap in origin and with amazing new properties, it promised the first important challenge to household soap's domain in 2,000 years. One of a supplier's responsibilities'to his customers is to be alert to changes anywhere that may touch on a customer's interests. Promptly Du Pont .bought American rights to the in vention. Its own and other m in u* ploring the possibilities, for American consumers. It almost goes without saying whose chemists those Early soajimaklng. After Gras selli bccaim' a major Du Pout unH,#4llit; Company continued to sell ils product* h im! services lit prices P&G felt were fair,51* Kl<*|ih;im> "S< :in h im* if I he lir-t lr wrap ci'iari-tli*---il ly xiirv liraml "Itnmrsrs II'--In reltuplisim*. TIL wu> h Itolil inmnatioii... Il lt*fl !<M li;mg*s tui<lr*ain*I illllie ii<luMr\.`" otner.-i wen;, and what {.(real. Heap company was the 13rsl. in (.lie American market with As own specially developed "DreCI", "Drone" mid `''rifle*' detergents. Procter w Camlijf-'a claim lo l.hnl "first" doled to I83!t. (mod wilt Ascii' ': ! ;i diamond of many facets, each involving an obligation, I'crnaps tin; grralcsf of tin1* A (.hid. good will, to (.aidlire, nnisl ho shared. (doriKimd ine S. Stephano, mam "lad tiring ditrehir of t.lm: old tobacco house of Stephano Brothers, of .Philadelphia, .reminded me of a second facet, the need Oiui. may he summed up as mutual profit. His firm was one of I he drst lo wrap eigarol tea-..its luxury bra ml "limiieses 11"--in cellophane. This was a bold innovation when cellophane was cosily and lighting for a markef. If led the way to changes undreamed in flu.* industry. Before nioistureproof cellopliane, all tobacco manufaelurrrs dreaded the annual dosings of the big summer and winter resorts. End of the season meant collecting from retailers millions of packages of unsold cigarettes and destroying them. Leftovers in resorts soon became dried or moldy from the climate. In those days, said Stephana, the Federal lax on cigarettes was six cents a package regardless of the price. No refunds were allowed for unsold package*!: manufacturers lost both tax and cigarettes. Over tlie country, stores with slow sales and more spoilage added to the resort losses. Only a few cig arettes were exported because of the necessity of }losing them in expensive hennelically sealed tins. Today, jacketed in moistureproof cellophane. American cigarettes circle the globe and Stephano is one of the largest exporters. Losses due to spoilage.! from climate are only a fraction of what they were, and it. is largely lo tins fact tlmL Stephano attributes the tremendous expansion of: the cigarette industry, both at home and abroad, in less than 20 years. "...A KIND OP PKOi'iT SIlAlliA.'*;" "People's lasl.es have nut changed," he pointed out. "The change is in the new freshness of cigiirotf.es sold over (.lit: counter." That is one result of the catalyst. The other is tlart as cellophane sales mounted, prices dropped in stride with lower unit production costs. "That voluntary action by lire Du Pont Com pany," Stephano sold, "was a kind of profit-sharing which spells (100.1.) WILL in capitals." Chas. Pfizer & Co.. Inc., of Brooklyn, is a centuryold customer of what is now Du Font's Rleetrodiemie.'ds Department. Its president, 4. 13. Mr Keen, saw a third facel, of the diamond.--you might call it that of the friend in need. Pfizer introduced terramyein, is o ik ; of America's biggest producers of penicillin mid streptomycin, and makes vilamins, caffeine and the like, .Interruption in the supply of these would be serious at any time. Buch an interruption was threatened after the Korean War began. Pfizer was straining every capacity to meet the rising need for niedicinals when a supplier's 2 S|)iiiv.ji;i!iilin:x !iuli> ! k fa'*> of "l.iii ih '';n ia]>*' i i'."in ::I I'Vbt-nllinl jilanl. In 1B99 . lh-y hail u loft in whirh thn* cm ployed 2 or ,'t people . . . ile phut! itn>> rimtliu .. 290." plant was disabled by lire. The lire was si ill raging when f.n urgent, telephone call reached lileeirodiem; cals' sales cilices in New York City. The need was In make secure Pfizer's continued supply of cyimo- aeelie acid. Du Pont doesn't make that chemical, hut it does supply sodium cyanide for conversion into if. At once the New York sales manager also goi busy on the telephone, and shortly a mol or truck loaded with cyanide rolled o .ii of If teci rncheimeals' plant -n Niagara Pa IP. It. rolled westward to Michigan, and in the plant the re of a Du Pool competitor. However, (he com pel ilor had factlil ies for processing tue cyanide inlo eyanoueet ie acid. At 1 )u Pont's request. [hose fneili ties were pui ta work. In record time another I ruck. Unified with the finished acid to meei Ph/.er's octal, rolled all the way hack through tire night to Brooklyn. There was no pause1 in Pfizer's vital openiiinns, "We've marie oilier emergency calls t< Du Pmu over tin.* years." President McKean io'.d uie. "and l)n Pom lias never let us down.'' (I. Felsenlh.il A Sous begun fabi tenting plast if`s in Chicago in I899. T'toy laid a little lofl in width they employed two or three people. Old line plastics like Da 1 'oni. "pyrnliti" cellulose nitrate plastic were con verted into campaign buttons anti advertising special ties. It was a simple business of the plastic collar era. The FeJseiitfud plant now employs 290 people, and is as modem as nylon. It turns out intricate com pute! sand calculators, and other precision instruments of plasties for our arrnc-tl forces. 11 fklirical.es plastics for cars, television and thousands of uses in civilian goods. I * . /> I, TfM , 'DI , 1 t | ): r1I1:?' /! !*:}f' X:: \ : t. I: J! b f V . ti < ' 1P 1l find took Ins troubles to Du Font's plasties sales manager in (Ihicago. "I've a feeling," he explained, `'that so many experts are involved in the job that we don't understand one another fully. We've never talked rhing.s over together." Within the week, representatives of the Air Force, the Radio (Wrporalkm of America, Felsenihal & Sons, and Du Pont met in a Philadelphia hotel room, Du Pont had called that meeting. They put a DON'T DTfRVPP . \ v ..I- ;!:< .md PN.-.-nUia! *!: j < *. ' ii?: I.-:'' T/ t D.DijJ nt\' } *: iA.U i - i l j' i . ` 4 *' '`'i: 11 f V: $. ' sf i" m *V-..i s*: 11 \ ii | ::: i ?: j11 L.i* irdi, i i<i;- 2Vrrv U*i-. Vf >i i cri 2 < * 2 i<*> f i i i ti i I tril 4 dll ** *'* me of a kind of help that, is yet another facet, of the diamond t:atalvst. A new piece of flyer's equipment of a secret category was specified by the Air Force. Felsenthal was charged with molding one of the important parts of nylon plastic. Above all the part, had to to crash proof, flint, is, not dm iter under the most severe blow. If it. did, the failure might cost lives. Dozens of combinations were tried, but without complete success. At length, pressed for time, Pelseii- described wliut followed, "in two hours did work it would have taken two months to do by other means." "Then our engineers returned home and made the part," lie said. "They knew exactly what was the problem. Help of that sort from Du Pont over many years is one of the returns of good will that has enabled us to grow from nothing to wind, we arc, Wc* tike the :lact tied. Du Pont lies big resources, for we, a small company, can draw on them almost as if the resources were our own." 4 From igloo to kraal . . . the uiarijieil ixaeoline lantern, with its mantle of ravon. takes up ithere iulisoti left off In thin day of electrified living. gasoline lighting seems passe. But let a Hood or other disaster cut off a power supply, .and Edison hows out very quickly in favor of The Coleman Co, of Wichita, Kan, Right now, civil defense and the military require thousands of that company's gasoline lamps for standby emergency lighting. Of course, there are many i hoes when lanterns are needed regularly hv campers, homers. iisliemuHi, picnickers and farmers, plus isolated peoples ranging from igloo to jungle hut-dwellers. The Coleman lanterns produce their da/./.tingly bright light by means of a special mamle,a small bag of rayon that ties onto the burner. Those mantles, turned out at the rate of 15,000,000 a year by Coleman, throw off light by a curious method. Actually, the knitted rayon is burned tip when I he lamp is 111, But during previous processing, it has been treated with chemicals, including thorium nitrate, Sr., even though the fibers are consumed, the residue of chemicals stays intact and glows as i he gasoline vapor is ignited, Wiiy is rayon used? Well, all natural libers coni a in small amounts of impurit ies like silicon, calcium, and magnesium, liven small mum me, of these make the manlle more brittle or fragile, ar.d cut down it's light. But. rayon is pure, since it's purified chemically before being tirade into a fiber. Unlike natural ones, rayon libers are endless, and f,hat's also desirable. Koi: their lengxh a Heels the strength of the mantle. Finally, rayon is very absorbent and docs a fine job of soaking up large amounts of thorium nitrate. "We've been using rayon for our man lies since 1922," says Coleman. "It eliminates a lot of old proc essing problems, and cuts our production costs. Bui, just any rayon won't do. We checked the products of more than a dozen mamifncf tuvrsBiefore we picked the best one. There arc only JMniiem that make the right kind for us. Dm %'nrrk ?. inorv ihati I 0,,00CMM>0 usiiiillr- of r: on Twenty years ago this summer the Du Font Company rung ii] i the first sale of its now syni.liel.ie rubber we now call neoprene. In tiial. year, sales totaled h,()()() pounds. This year Hint amount rrf neoprene is being sold every 20 m irni l.es throughoi 11. every hour of every day for n total of more than I 10.000,000 pounds. JMow. as neoprene appro,-idles, man's (`stale, is an appropriate time i.o examine its performance as an adolescent. How well has this child of I he test. tube lived up to I In? Uti [-*011!. credo. "Bettor I lungs for IwUcr living . . . ihmtiyh dunninUy." The answer is not. hard to find. It, exists in thou sands of neoprene products in American homes and factories. For instance, neoprene resists s.jiiiiglil. belter than natural rubber, which means longer lived garden hoar and while sidewalls that don't crock. It has better oil resialimo:...giving your garage mechanic safer and longer last ing shoe soles. I1, has exceptionally good weather resistance -and your electric and telephone cornpailies use many million, pounds of it, u year as low-iiininl/aiimce protective jacketing on their outdoor wire and cable. .Neoprene's resistance fu gasoline is ox colloid In modern gas pump hose...a job that natural rubliar could n't do at all...it has practically displaced 1.11e old cotton-covered itiei.nl spiral hose. Its ozone resistance has almost doubled the altitude record for weather balloons and has more than doubled l.he life of ignition wire under the hood of your car. 'Flit* .list goes on and on and we haven't even touched on the V-belts, industrial hose, conveyor belts ami myriad other workhorse products that can be found in any chemical plant, oil refinery or factory. Neoprene is not l.he least expensive synthetic rubber nor the biggest in tonnage. But it celebrates Its 20th birthday wil-h the satisfaction of seeing itself' selected by rubber manufacturer everywhere for their "premium'' lines, their tough jobs, and their lieflor things for working and living. * Super Hayseeds ... .. Seed treated with Du Ptmt^Aragan** means more pasture and hay for farmers By GEORGE H, SOULE One level teaspoon, we found, holds as many as 38,000 individual grass seeds. Think of the patience needed to count millions of them--one by one--plant them carefully in the soil, and then count the hair-like blades of grass that came up. This was the job of one man in the group at the Du Pont Semesan Laboratory testing chemical seed treatments for grasses and legumes, such as timothy, fescue, clover and alfalfa, back in 1949. Greenhouse results, which were reported in the February-March 1950 issue of the Du Pont Magazine, showed great promise for this new use of "Arasan" seed disinfectant. But farmers don't seed pastures and hayland with tweezers--and they don't judge the results by counting blades of grass. Furthermore, greenhouse tests can't reflect variations in weather and soil conditions. Nor can they show the differences between the high rocky spots and the low rich belts, the soggy areas and the well-drained ones. These are the practical circumstances that cause bare spots or thin stands in one part of the field, and lush growth in another. That is why the Company, beginning in the spring of 1951, enlisted the cooperation of farmers in 22 states to compare the difference between treated and untreated seed on their farms. Du Pont field men, familiar with farm practices in their respective territories, made the arrangements, In many cases a local authority, such as the county agricultural agent, had a part in setting up the tests. At planting time the farmer seeded part of his field with untreated seed, and the rest with treated. Other wise, he followed his usual custom of planting- hayland or pasture. Before the crop was grazed or harvested, sample counts were made in both the treated and untreated areas. The field man laid a standard wire frame down at random points in the field, and counted all the plants within the frame. More than half the tests reported last fall of spring planting showed an increase of from 10 to 60 per cent in stands from treated seed. Nineteen of 25 tests on fall plantings in the South, reported this spring, showed a 17 to 124 per cent increase in standi. What does this mean to the farmer? Rex 1. Cummings, of Grfclley, Calif, said, "From my third cutting of alfalfa, I baled 750 more pounds to the acre from seed treated with `Arasan' than from the un treated seed. For a 25-eent investment I received an extra $10 worth of hav per acre at just one cutting." Treatment of seed in that, field continues to pay of.' a second season. His first nutting this year ran 525 pounds ;ut acre higher than from the untreated stand. Ji. E. Bergman. who farms near Eight, 111. plaited an alfalfa.clover mix I ore in his host. The (.reeled areas averaged 102 plant a against 15 plants in unhealed areas. lie also .found that the plants from treated seed had si rouge? roots as wed a* tops. In Pennsylvania, Joseph !.). Kei herolf of Orwigsburg said more alfalfa plan Is grew from treated seed, and I hey had holi er color and more vigor. When lie cut liis liny in the fall, he reported, "On .1 f( acres of treated alfalfa, I got 32 bales against 24 bales from the same area initreafedT 'Results like this are stratifying and profitable to fannt*.rs. .But they're also important to 1 he American economy. Reports from most farming areas show that as farm wages go higher and higher, and good (arm hands become scarcer, tanners are turning to more and mare grassland and livestock, which require less labor than cultivated crops. This trend has increased the need for practical and. economical ways of insuring good, stands. Without such insurance many farmers have been reluctant to go to the expense of seeding, and possibly reseeding, more extensive areas of range, posture and forage . ., : ^.............;.................... :. , . ,. wire team*) it, urn- liira.airi' of s< i-ii !i< ating cflV* crops. The mass uf evidence from farmers' own experience shows tied: seen treatment with "Arasair' meets this need. Results of tin* Du l`out-sponsored held tests have been so convincing, in fact, that some of the coopera i ing farmers refused to pari iripate in lasts another season. They said they couldn't afford to leave any part of.' I heir fields untreated. S. i : ` . : '' ' ' ' > ii i We've never Mown it out--that extra candle Du Pont put on its 125th anniversary birthday cake Where the extra candle on the birthday cake, or the extra wallop in the birthday spanking, originated we don't know. But it's always been the "one to grow on." The Du Pont Company, by this standard, has never grown tip. We've been putting "one to grow on" candles, so to speak, on our birthday cakes for 150 years. Take our 125th anniversary back in 1927, for instance. That time, we put almost nothing on the cake but the for ward-looking candle, as the '27 advertise ment on this page shows. "It is the years to come that will measure our largest usefulness," we said. The ad was right. We had hardly gotten the words out of our mouth when "Dulux" enamels were added to the older "Duco" lacquer line; cellophane was made moistureproof; "Lucite" acrylic resin begantaldngoverjobs&omearlier^Pyralin" cellulose nitrate plastic; and acetate yarn joined the fiber family. Today we're reprinting this ad be : cause we want to repeat on our 150th celebration what we said on our 125th. . Does it apply? Well, the other day, we looked over the shoulder of the young lady who's revising the Du Pont Products Index, She has woes galore trying to keep the Index from getting out-of-date faster than yesterday's newspaper. Her head ! aches, as she catalogs new and improved . products, are the Du Pont Company's ; barometer of progress. lIiTraiiiilM-- ,aM SW- i'tV:- m As it turned out, the *27 advertisement, published on our 125th anniversary. was almost history writing in advance. It hears, for instance, a signature men. tinning paints, varnishes and "Duco" lacquer. Three years later, these fin ishes were joined by the revolutionary Du Pont had been offering cellophane for several years before! its 1,927 anni versary. But the glittering film wasn't being used for many jobs since it lacked moistnreproofiiess. Then, just a mat ter of months after the anniversary ad appeared, raoistureproofcellophanewas The June bride of `22 was fortunate to receive a boudoir set of "Pyralm" cellulose nitrate plastic. But ill *28, "Pyraiin" began to yield its place to newly-announced "Lucite" aery* rosin. Along with other new products of that era, "Isiefte" helped make good xl__ _...........j ........f With speed and aeeuruey, the mass spectrometer tells what's present in complex liquid or gaseous mixtures. "The glorified sorter-counter" . . speeds research and the development of better processes When an industrial concern spends $60,000 for one scientific instrument, someone really needs it. Including the cost of accessories, new parts to keep it up to date, and a special room to house it, that's about what Dn Pont has invested in the mass spectrometer at work at the Experimental Station near Wilmington, The reasons for having it--plua another at the Victoria, Texas plant--are strong indeed. The mass spectrometer is an electronic marvel. It tells, quickly and accurately, what's present in a great variety of complex mixtures of gases or liquids. The results of its analyses have served as keys to process improvements on nylon, "Orion" acrylic fiber, "Zerone" antiruat antifreeze, "Alathon" polythene resin, "Tef lon" tetrafiuoroethylene resin, and other commercial and research-stage products. By the older chemical methods, gleaning informa tion on such products could take months of tedious work. Meanwhile, research on a particular project was delayed and desirable processing changes weren't made. What-good to it to a clemlcfllnompany; working under competitive conditions, to learn that three months ago a certain pipeline was carrying suchand-euch a mix ture? That's a long time in industry. With the mass spectrometer, such delays are unnecessary. This instrument is extremely complicated, but you can picture the job the mass spectrometer does this way: Suppose you had a large pile of fruit tree branches with fruit on them. Suddenly these branches, repre senting molecules, shrink to incredibly small size. Although they're now invisible, you need to know what kind of branches you have--whether they're apple, peach, plum or the like. You must also find out exactly what per cent are apple, or peach, or plum. Then, on each branch, you need to learn how many pieces of fruit you have compared with the number of leaves, and how they're all arranged. Chemically speaking, the mass spectrometer can solve such a riddle. At Du Pont the usefulness of this instrument is growing steadily. Although it is expensive, and requires a rather large operating crew, the Company has dis covered that it can turn out its "Better Things for Better Living , , , through Chemistry" faster, cheaper "' and' better when there's a mass' Spectrometer around'.  ;* - By GORDON II, KESTER with'FRED B. HYNES ' You've seen those color pictures of Old Glory- rippling proudly in the brooBe, with the words Our FItig printed at the bottom. You see them hanging in farm- . - house parlors or In the meeting rooms of patriotic . : societies. . AY/niMa? tr\i-lf' -LH-l-lftciaJ tjltjclivtJka-bf. mT"rjr%i*littiso TjL kIMai7iVc /OvAf <a1- ItJvfcJIAt' ' trip to western Colorado is of such a picture hanging ' .^ in the Audios' sunny kitchen. It was above the kitchen . _ tSDi6j Slid X 1*0H16'EOOX |^iOXCXTI 0.X it lroiu tun* .to - time as we talked ... Clement Audin, now 71, became a coal miner: in : ..his..native..Belgium., at..the .age. .of.ll.,......................................:..:..... -. - : : - in ; :  "If you-was'll or 12, you want to .make money, you tad to go Into the hole," he explained.- "My lather wait in when he was nine." . ' ' Clem's first job was trimming and refilling .miners'' lamps. He earned 18 cents a day, which meant he could save the $3 price of a suit of clothes in about three weeks or the $1,50 for a pair of shoes in a week - and a half, provided his food was paid for in the mean- : time. A pound of butter cost almost two days' wages. In 1892 Belgian coal miners went underground at : 5:30 in the morning and came up at 7:30 in the evening, ^ six days a week. Clem said the word Sunday had a . special meaning for them; during most of the year it . was the one day in seven when they saw the sun. ^ - . * if ,, ; : - . '3 Today Clem mill ItoHalive in nearby l'aoiiiu, in I he sliiicl ow of lowering lit. fiaiiiborii, Clem is retired--almost. Clem went to work in the mine of the Utah Fuel Co. Black powder was being replaced by dynamite in the mines at that time, and one of Clem's first tasks in Colorado was to test the new permissible dynamites made by Du Pont, By now he was earning $8 a day. Somerset, Colo.--Audios oi- lived In house at left. The boy watched women lift chunks of coal into mine cars underground. When half a ton had been : loaded, a man wearing a suBpender-like harness was . hitched to the car "like a horse," He couldn't pull the load standing up, so he crouched down on all fours. off the ground. Clem pulled the cars himself when he' was it. little dicier* . ; . Explosives of the: time were not safe to use In a - gas-filled mine like the one Clem worked in. Instead,' miners with hand picks broke the coal loose. It was a alow,. arduous process, and the average-output per employe was about half a ton a day, ; All told, Clem spent a dozen years in the Belgian : mines, working his way up to a 70-cent-a-day job as ; . coal digger at the end. He was a good miner, but his thoughts often ranged far beyond the black hole that ; he had heard, a man who worked hard could get ahead. In 1903 he married Boss, his childhood sweetheart. The following year, with $10 borrowed from hia mother, he set out alone for the United States and a job in a : coal mine near Danville, 111, Rosa soon joined him, and.in..1808.they.moved-to Somerset,..Goto.,..where. M V. " X .\ i , . , ; J{:\ ' : r I' xt Ait 4 "ft-" Iii 1915 young Paul Audin, 2J4,:was stricken witli pneumonia. In Ills fever, the.child whispered over and over again Ms desire to have a cow. His distraught sub-leased the property for a i : directly in 1938. His three sons, Ra Clem, Jr., worked beside him. '' yard. While Rosa watched, Clem held the little boy op to the window. Paul's eyes brightened,, and he : was still smiling a moment later when he. died in his father's arms. 6> , . , d. "You'll ; ; .have to get rid of it or move out of town." . : . The Audins' answer was to pack up the otber ehil- ' dren and, leading the cow, move to a small frame ' house just over the town line. ' ' ' For six or .seven years everything except our wages' . went into mine. Well, we did it, that's all, and : are what we are," Clem said. :: : Today-the Hawk's Neat Mine of the Audios', with : .m . tendent, Abel, the foreman,- and Clem, Jr., the yard: : ~ '' ....... pony to work in Somerset mine," Clem said. "The kids deliver milk in wagon. We pitch hay at night by Ian- ' ' tern. In winter I mend shoes for other miners, too." The savings thus accumulated--slowly, when there : : are six children to be -raised--enabled Clem to begin : ' Ms own mining o. p. eration near the ranch In 1S32. , He i ne Diancnea-ciotn mvscenes t'cais of iieh'ction hr bleach err sleuth a of the 1'eeh taeai Service IlimiiiiMil !laliiii>, villi Iii^ bliick brb r, i* a liy|ii` of 21 l>u I Noil >i*rvirf Ih` \riiimnl \vrll\s.. ^Niertihpk Hohues mb llie "v N h | milkier <f liMrrlion. Willi lltJil h i mind. I Imv<* wHili'ti 1 Iiiarli`b` >o h m -whal hi llie rmmiitir of<-irmii IJMm Ihr I'NIilor> __ j j j I : j s _J like most chemists, 'Har.nibi.il Holmes is not a man of words, nor always articulate by a layman's si andards. As a Loehtiieaf .specialist in Du Font's Electro chemicals Department, Mi business is to help the Company's customers who buy hydrogen peroxide and other bleaching chemicals--and to observe. He is an artist in deduction. If you find him. in a talking mood, puffing medita tively on bis black brier, he may tell you some of the Department's feats of ratiocination. One of Ms anec dotes concerns The Curious Incident of the Lying Thermometer. A Du Pont customer complained of persistent Irregular results In bleaching. On its face that seemed to point to a lack of uniform temperatures in the operation. However, the technical investigator could find no untoward curves in the charts traced by the automatic temperature regulator. At last, in questioning the operator, lie uncovered this whimsical cause: "They told me to hold this thermometer at 130" and that's just what I'm doing," the man said. He had been setting the recording mechanism manually--just as one might tie down an auto speedometer needle at 40 and then step on the accelerator at will. Actual temperatures ranged all the way from 140 to 200, which of course really fouled up the process. When lie Is reminiscently enveloped in a smoke cloud. Holmes may recall The Case of the High Ten sion Fabric. ISlo, lie isnb. referring either to power transmission wires or to nerves. Modern bleaching is a continuous operation with as much as 20 miles of doth passing in one* si.rip through a unit, either in rope form or stretched out flat. One plant, where the rope method was followed, hud been unable lo make goods that, would dye without streaking. Poor dyeing often moans something wrong in the bleaehery. In I his ease J Li .> s; m>. . I v f i {i1 \ j ibb. U lihi:,- i ^vD.:.! \iKi.' H DD-n ' I :<(!' . : D '. . t i= 'e> ! `1 ^ . v l-.E : 'i : ^ : : eon! mucus {bleach unit were placed in I he wrong loca tion and someday might cause trouble. He saw not hire.: done about it while he was there. Months later h* received a long distance call from the owner of this same plant. They were having bleaching problems. He described the symptoms--uneven bleaching, loss of whiteness, excessive use of chemicals. Could Holmes come out and see what was wrong? The tech- meal sleuth saved a trip; he explained. "Look after those misplaced temperature regulators, and you1!! be OK," ha instructed the astounded customer, Again, Holmes was called to a Panama hat factory <: J! '5 \ j > V i \ .. 5 i i. ?$!>. : i J i* L * = ; ir. { i i i u S : ^ ` s : :<i > it : * " r, i 1 < r . t \ j v. :.y \! > ' h ! i ,i "f s . 5 h . : > > V . j, , f i;> f j A ri where the bleaching expert had fallen off a ladder and broken his neck. It was no whodunnit he went to clear up, but how to use the 10 barrels of chemicals ; no one in the plant could identify. The dead bleacher had removed all the labels because he held his trade a secret and didn't want anyone to learn it. Holmes had no trouble re-labeling the chemicals. "I know one from another, just as you know sugar from salt," he said. So ended the Quaint Case of the Un Labeled Barrels. Ullc UJ. Wa c Jl Tj L-vl*vU-%uI-"mSoa lllritivisce)s W+J concerns the Singular Problem of the Holes That C ame in the Pont service man was sent to a SI outhern textile mill where the management was wrestling with a puzzle. Some of its cloth was shot full of holes at the end of the bleaching process. Every step was according to Hoyle. What could be wrong? JL JL itJL.tC'CxJL tJiScitwo-tlfiiiiVLjcii ItrlrlmilisazcalWx oWttjaucs stumped at first. It took a week of patient investigation before Ui-liwaVcl g U d fM*1ntljCii rAtllll -vfViliie2i TUkUjntliJtf'sjr CgUFAUrvU^ua KHcalrUl KUo"voUri bleached on the night shift. Further close observation revealed that the night crew, to space out the work load, was slowing down operations, one of which was a gas-flame singeing ofthe cloth before bleaching. Result an over-exposure to the flames a consequent invisible weakening of the cloth. A story Du Font's bleachery sleuths could repeat with many variations is the Adventure of the Vanishing Whiteness. Whiteness is a measurable quality. The Hunter test, for instance, is a laboratory comparison between a doth sample and the standard, snow-white magnesium is for its ability to retain whiteness as it ages. Investigators discovered that certain very small deviations from the recommended formulas for bleach ing and scouring baths were scaring away that elusive A return to recommended operating procedures quickly brought it back. As Holmes leafs through Ms dog-eared casebook can look over his shoulder at a page of notes that if pieced out would relate the Strange Mystery of the Pot Eyes. This.case also involved holes in bleached fabrics. Looking for post-crime clues, the tech service man :noted that when the mill's continuous bleach machine was shut down the rope of doth drooped from the supporting rings, or pot eyes, through which it odJvIUirLi TItJ*ofccsrWf'Srw*1. dQgCiUfaIlincffltt (Xipj3fcy>i supports. The goods, previously mercerized in caustic soda and tieu- tralized in acid, had come away spotted with copper sulfate. Later, when this sulfate came in contact with the hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution, holes were eaten in the doth. "You just gumshoe around until an operator in the plant drops a hint, usually without knowing it," Holmes explained. "Then you're off on a line that ends in detecting the criminal. Main thing is knowing your bleaching chemistry so well you can put two and two together and always get four." 18 The chemist* ;it Pari in had something good, flial was certain, 1 ml , Detroit had to be shown Bv <;k k a ij > k i n i; Genius is i % inspiration and 99% perspiration- - Tiionius A, Iklisou The rahhaired young man picked up the spray gun with the quart can attached, gave it a couple of experiment al squirts, and began painting the Chevrolet sedan with nervous baek-and-fort h strokes. Perspiration beaded Iris forehead and wet, the palms of his hands. Watching critically from the sidelines were five of the seven Fisher brothers, among thorn Fred, the eldest of the dan, and Larry, a gruff, plain-spoken man in his early thirties. The scene was Fisher Body Plant 9 on Harper Street, Detroit, in the spring of 1921*. Finally the red-haired young man stepped back, letting (be spray gun fall to his side. A long moment of dead silence was broken by the stern voice of Larry Fisher. "That," the voice said, "is lhe damnedest looking thing I/ve ever seen. 1 hope you've not going to toll me we can use it.." As the young man with ihe gun mumbled some thing in reply he doesn'l reinember nmv what it was ...he fed. a friendly hand on his shoulder and he;ml Fred Fisher say, "Don't lei. my brothers remarks discourage you. young fellow. I've seen sicker horses than that- get well." To R. (h "Rod" Williams, new sales manager for Du Pont, automotive finishes in IVi.roif. Fred Fisher's encouragemeni. was i lie tine bright spot in an otherwise black day net lli.il lie was in a mood (.n quarrel with 1 carry's opinion. "He was absolutely right," Red say s. "it was the damnedest thing anyone ever saw. The finish ran and sagged, dried with absolutely no gloss, and ended up looking like a stucco jot). Wo knew then how much work had to be dune on the material and the art of application." The Fisher episode was almost fhrgor.fen in the \\ tc- - j,ii\ iii \ o,:.; , '.w\ j% ' IF Im-.'i ! a ? in i i b : :s ?* >>. ! ft; . Hi;-:-.- .10 i lit ` >''.! ' :i:. R-: > > ! t 4 y: y: * * i n i j r ^ i <i D < * ' i !'t* '- C 4. 'it . ; l u . . ;5 >\ c *:: . \ i i WB <' 1 'I -i-'PL.; :!}<< i . < ! i i;- Ii ? . iiCiUoL'. work-filled months that followed. Telephone lines between Detroit and the Dm Pont nitrocellulose labo ratory at Parlin, N. J, hummed. Chemists arrived and departed by train. Five-gallon containers of experi mental Du Pont lacquer appeared in the finishes labo ratories of the auto plants. Meanwhile, at the Oakland Motor Car Co. in Pontiac, Mich., paint superintendent Bussell Rogers had been working, too. Still a young man, Rogers had grown up in the automobile business. He started at Oakland in 1908, when it was the Pontiac Buggy Co., lia 'finisher of liuggy shafts. He'knew firsthand every step of the laborious, two-week process required to finish an automobile. And he knew, too, that no amount of labor could overcome the failings of the slow-drying varnish then in use. He had lavished special care on the finishing of Ms own car. But it, like all the rest, was as checked as an alligator handbag after six months' exposure to the weather. As a paint man, Rogers was familiar.with fast drying nitrocellulose lacquer. It was fine for toys, pencils, paint brush handles and other specialized uses, but It required so many coats that it had never been considered seriously for auto finishing. Then Du Pont announced that its Parlin chemists had developed a new lacquer with greater film thickness. They called the new product "Viscolac", and suggested the possi bility of its"use on automobiles........................................ Rogers, like others in the industry, decided to try it. He ordered one five-gallon can, and then a second. His men, many of them veterans of carriage shop days, balked at the strange new odor of the lacquer solvent. A whispering campaign began: "You can get TB from breathing that stuff... a guy who knows told me it's slow death to work around it," When the workers threatened to quit, even after the rumors had been thoroughly discredited, Rogers moved with Ms "Yiseolac" to Oakland Building 8, a small shop set apart from the others. There lie worked alone, except for a Greek shoeshine boy whom he trained as a paint sprayer................. ........ At first he tried putting a glossy finishing coat of clear varnish on top of the pigmented lacquer, since the lacquer itself dried with an unattractive flat finish. It failed, because the two materials were incompatible. The varnish peeled off m large -snoots. One day, after stripping a coat of varnish off the "Viscolac", he decided to try polishing the dull lacquer with rottenBtone and linseed oil. The resulting finish was so spectacularly handsome that the excited Rogers immediately ordered more lacquer. He finished two Oakland touring cars, one in light blue and one in dark, rubbingthesurfaces down to a mirror-likesmooth ness, Then he invited the boss in to have a look. In the months that followed the various threads were drawn together. The labors of Russell Rogers in""Building ""8,.of''"Red" WlMani8"tlie'"lalsotrmafl.and'" 20 V1.WUWAV | i*** '**>'.>mmw mu t ''air' | Du Pout and the auto companies were brought to called "Duco" lacquer, made its revolutionary bow on the Oakland touring car and proceeded to take Detroit by storm. The days of the old varnish finish were numbered, "Within six months labor savings alone had cut $5 or fS from the cost of finishing a car body," Rogers recalls today. "The old finish required steps and took two weeks. With `Duco1, we cleaned the lacquer. It took two days, and the finish was good for at least `It saved floor space, too. We had one drying room as many as 200 car bodies 1were piled up IMtJlli* * can sum it up this way; Lacquer ended for 'good and all the carriage-shop days m the auto indus- it speeded up production, lowered the automobile good looks and a practicality it had never had before." Rogers recalls that Oakland management was so Impressed by the instant success of the touring car that it cars as lured by an outside supplier, Rogers was asked to help them Thus it was that, less than a year after Red Williams had been there, Rogers arrived at the Fisher Body plant to take up where VI illimns had left off. This time mission was completed. Tremendous amount of elbow grease went into old-style finishing. Rubbing var nish with fell and pumice stone (left) and wet sanding lacquer in modern plant. 1 tiCKciges or trie, iuiuic . , , are created in the Du Pont packaging laboratory to lighten shopping and kitchen chores 'file other day we visited a packaging laboratory. There Du Pont specialists were at work over drawing boards creating new packaging ideas. Others were dis cussing the technical phases of ideas in the works, deciding what machine would wrap the package, what type of packaging film would be used. One day many of these ideas will develop into commercial packages on shelves of supermarkets and other retail stores. "Convenience," one of the specialists explained to us, "is the theme of much modem packaging. It expresses itself in many ways: packages that are easy to open and reciose, easy measuring devices, a com plete dinner in one package, or several individually wrapped and sealed cracker units in one package. They all spell convenience." Working with cellophane, polythene and acetate films and "Cel-Q-SeaF cellulose bands, Du Pont experts have created the packages of the future previewed here. Packaging progress is fast, and some of these ideas have already gone from the drawing board to the market place. Others still belong to the future. In looking over these new ideas, we couldn't help recalling turn-of-the-century days when clerics let you help yourself from the cracker barrel, dipped a hand into the brine for pickles, and reached into a glass case for an unwrapped piece of candy whenever you had an extra penny to spend. Certainly nobody bothered too much about pack aging in those days. Now ideas like these help users of Du Pont packaging films make ever better and brighter packages for the shopper. TIi Jk ! >' i * f < > r; v. . - * J ,, lioMM ftibl r-eHlmiriiil iolilk jMuiv ioiich, Iio Mh Jjooklel. 23 J:*- Ga.' Ci*f P iImictr prc diiullllC IIIJ5CI5 . By It C, W. JONES It was 2:53 a. in. Most of Los Angeles was asleep, but the corner of Eighth and Flower Streets swarmed with activity. Flashbulbs popped, and under the glare of arc lights movie cameras whirred. Expert drivers eat at the wheels of 26 new cars -waiting for the starter's signal. In one more minute the 1952 Mobilgas Economy Run would be underway. Three days and 1,415 miles later the tired drivers would arrive at Sun 'Valley, Idaho after chalking' up astounding gasoline mileages. They would have played the course in par and established enviable goals for the average motorist to attain. They would have encountered in three days most of the driving condi tions the average motorist experiences in a year. Sponsored by the General Petroleum Corporation and conducted under the strict supervision of AAA, the purpose of the run was to prove the economical per formance of 1952 cars with modem fuels and lubricants. At two minute intervals the cars glided away into the clear California night, steering their course past the city's 87 traffic lights, through sleeping suburbs and on toward the desert. This Du Pont Magazine reporter had official permission to make the trip in his own car, ....... It"was'"dBylght"when"the' caravan' passed through" Palm Springs on its way to Indio, 87 feet below sen level and center of our date-growing industry. From Indio to Blythe the road stretched across almost a hundred miles of desert. The winter had supplied the sun-baked desert plants with their pathetically small quota of moisture. In appreciation they had sprung into bloom, transforming the barren wastes into patches of brilliant color ranging from light yellow to red, from the palest blue to the deepest purple. "Dp to this'point the road had 'been relatively' level Now came the tough grind up and down winding roller-coaster mountain roads. Climbing hills is hard on mileage, and the route had been purposely chosen because it was tough. With the aid of a few special instruments, judging optimum speed would have been easy, but the cars in the mn were standard stock models. They had been selected at random by AAA officials from the assembly line, the showroom floor, or the warehouse. From this time on they had been under the constant supervision of AAA officials. After tune-up to recommended fac tory settings, and servicing with the proper grades of lubricants, seals had been applied at as many as 60 points to prevent unauthorized adjustments. By late afternoon the cars rolled into the impound 'area at'the Grand" Canyon."There had'been"oocaiaidhs" 24 miring mu ozo-nnie sireicu wnen the drivers count have conserved gasoline by going al slower speeds, but to complete the run in the required time, speeds had to be ran in Ininod close to the legal limil. At 2:30 the next morning, the caravan started on its second lap . . . the 575-mile run to Salt. Lake City. Winding its way around the east end of the Grand Canyon, the course led through the Painted Desert, The multicolored sands caught the rays of' the rising sun and reflected the light, with increased intensity. Occasionally, the rood passed dose to Hie adobe hut of an Indian family, its small Hock of sheep foraging on the sparse vegetal ion. One of the remarkable features of the West, is the rapid change in scenery...inspiring to the tourist hut. hard on gasoline economy. Crossing the Navajo Bridge. 407 feet above the Colorado litver, the licet, wound its way past, the Vermilion Cliffs lowering almost vertically above the highway. Hundreds of years ago, dill* dwellers made their homes in rooms carved from the soft rock. Less than a hundred miles from the Navajo Bridge, the road made a 4,400 foot ascent to 8,000 led,. Hero the mountains are heavily wooded with giant, pines, and winter's snow still dung tenaciously. Drifts several feet deep flanked the road, At Kanab, just, across the Arizona-Utah line, nature has provided fantastic scenery ideally suited for western movies. Scrubby vegetation, and "surprise vistas" make a perfect, setting. The brilliant, yellow, red, and brown of the sandstone formations are a photographer's dream, and it is not surprising: (hat much of the old West, has been brought back to life on film here. In some respects, the drive from Salt Lake City to Sun Valley was easier...many straight stretches and only 325 miles. But to get best economy, wind velocity must be figured closely. By observing tin* motion of the lowly tumbleweed, drivers could gain a fairly accurate knowledge of wind velocity and direc tion. litis portion of the run was all high altitude driving, and a few minor changes in distributor and carburetor settings would have added mileage. Also a little extra pressure in the tires warn Id have made a difference. But the rule book said no. It was a tough, tough course. When flic caravan arrived at Bun Vriley. 1 he drivers turned their cars over iu A A A ollkrials, and tanks wore re I'll led with gasoline to a enlihraied level. During the night calculating machines hummed and by dawn the ins I of the data had been computed. One car had run oai of gas and refueled ai an unauthorized station. 11 was disqualified. The remain ing 25, ranging from a light 1 ionry 4 to am eight-pas senger Chrysler, had a combined average of 22.OH8 miles per gallon, at an average speed of -10.85 miles per hour. Automotive engineers had a right to be proud of these efficient. powerful engines. Bui these engines require modern fuels. Through cent inning research, (lie petroleum industry has developed new gasolines, to keep pace with the needs iff today's engines a development in which Du Loot has made its eoatrilmijon. For 29 years ihe Goriipau! lias mauufueimed tetraethyl lead to make good fuels, even h-etler. Ifyour car is in good ittreliatiical condition. I j you can save gasoline by observing (hee : | lew simple rules; i I. Avoid Ilia'll -pedis. Drive ill ;1 reasonable -peed that will eel you ilierr on tiine. i I 2. Drive 11 it- road ulierul. V aleli trollicait J lights. j ! 1`iire your driving l<i make a- few slops a-: : ; possible, :i. Make slow easy start-;, Shift to high ;w possible. -m.u : j 1. I aider miriiial driving renditions, .loii't pees* I lie accelerator to I lie Hour. j ; ,1, Avoid sml,'let! snips, ! {>. Vd just seal so leg- are rotiilorlulde fora light steady pressure im the accelerator, Don't jiiutip the pedals! i j j 7. (In open stretches niaiiiliiiii a constant speed. : }!. (In tip-grades dun 1 illteulpt to ntutittaiii com- : slant speed. j *>. Keep tires inlluted to proper pressure. : 10. IW tile proper grade InUrieailt- for aiitieipated weather eufiditinus. i | . . mean evoitomy for the hnUler, mote sealetl-in prodnets for you Newly developer! machines that slip cellulose bands around die necks of bofiles will soon be eliminating a troublesome bottleneck for hot.flew. In myov plants handing is I,he only hand operation left on the bottling lint', since filling, capping and labeling are all done mechanically. The new machines thus promise saving's to the packager. This, in turn, will permit wider use of cellulose bands on drug, food and beverage bodies, guarding against evaporation and leakage. Du Font, as the manufacturer of "Cel-O-Seal" cellulose bands, lias long appreciated the need for an automatic banding machine. The Company's Film Dept, began research on the problem some years ago. More recently the American Machine & Foundry Co. of New York joined in the work. The successful result of ibis joint effort is a machine currently banding bottles at the rote of 140 a minute in a Peekskdl, N. Y. distillery. This is three times faster than a pair of human hands can do l) ic job -and tl >e machine requires only one operator. While AM&.F lias announced plans to build five more of the machines this year, other firms are coming up with their own versions of the automatic banding device. Wright. Machinery Co. of Durham, N. C. and Gisholt Machine Co. of Madison, Wi.s. are testing their models, both of which stress high-si seed operation. Still a fourth machine has teen developed by Smith, Kline & French. Laboratories of Philadelphia. Last year the pharmaceutical firm was awarded a gov ernment contract for water purification tablets. The tablets were to be packaged in tiny vials as big around as your forefinger, and sealed with 1:1 cellulose band. With millions of vials to be banded, SK&P designed a machine to do Hie job. Now adapted for use on larger packages, the machine is expected lo be in production I . (> rijlJHT Chisel's Ili'lN'H fli| Puill- VIKVI*' : >.!! A ! iid 2, Hand litis hrm jiillr4 oin"*lliir<J of wuv ixiilD- J foi1 .iwiiic r.x<i i ** ?<' ij> {hc:%` ::i<* lire- ho*!*:- ifo ufinv, :l Bund in nil |1m` w h v on, ib< j>rivil I it->; r c i 5:. i. >; i. 1 m-.!'. i. i i i - : i <,; i' i !}. i s: < i t < ) \ > <: < < C a it i 111 MH y: somelime before llie end of the year. Altogether, dose to a million dollars lias been spent on developing the machines with l,lie; mechanical fingers, a Du Pont irinn estimated. "We think our share, ni least, lias been well spent/' lie said. "Our object is simply to get banding machines-..as many as possible... into our 'Cel-D-Soaf customers' plants as soon as possible." Murals etched in light tierylir tesitt iritis the approval of interior iterorulors In theatres, restaurants, bars, hotels and homes all over the country, interior decorators are employing lighted murals made of "Luciui" acrylic rosin. Those wall decorations are baaed on the plastic's ability to "pipe light." Iii' other ;words, light "directed into the edge of a "Luoite" sheet -travels indefinite^-within -the plastic un.til.lt readies a scratch or an etched design, thus seems to be mysteriously etched in light Some of the '"pictures," mounted in shadow boxes ' which.cohtlin "fluorescent' tubes,.serve "a"'double" pur-:. pose because they furnish light as well as beauty to a room. What's more, installation is so simple that the room need never be out of service. In large rooms, several sheets may be placed one behind the other to produce murals with a three dimensional effect. Many variations are possible by painting the plastic or throwing.colored lights into' it. 27 1lill-%ts:*, 1 <1 V V cS /1I11AAII'Il1i*" I I I I /A C II II I1 L So far as we know, "Join the Navy and Stay Warn" has never been used as a recruiting slogan, and we herewith submit it for"consideration,...................... Hie suggestion is prompted by a recent visit to the research and development section of the Clothing Supply office In Brooklyn, where Navy researchers demonstrated a new cold weather outfit that enables men to keep moving and fighting at temperatures as low as 40 below zero,. '' ITie new clothing, soon to be Issued to Navy per sonnel in frigid areas, was modeled by Silvio Mmzieo, a civilian technician at the lab. First he put on long cotton underwear (the Navy claims It's itchless, and Mazzeo said so, too), then an inner jacket and pants of nylon fleece and cotton-nylon, and finally an outer ensemble of neoprene-coated nylon twill lined with nylon fleece. In addition, lie wore a peaked hood with retractable nos# and month protector, and insulated rubber" boots,..................... :............................... ........... '............ To show ms the outfit's properties, Mazzeo stepped Into a shower room where he was thoroughly drenched for three minutes. From'there'he" sloshed into the lab's' "cold room/', an. out-sized refrigerator where the mer cury registered 20 below. Ten minutes later an ice-encrusted Mazzeo emerged. He said he hadn't felt in the least cold, and that water hadn't penetrated the clothing. Then, remarking that he was uncomfortably warm, Mazzeo asked to be excused. Lab technicians wearing the new outfit have endured a 40-below temperature for four hours at a time without discomfort. The secret, they say, is to keep moving. The clothing has been field-tested, too-- in Alaska, atop Mt. Washington, and intheHighSierras. Salvatore Gianola, director of research at the lab, said that the Du Pont Fabrics Div. had worked closely with his group in developing the waterproof, neoprenecoated nylon "fabric, "Dm- Font's'"chemical -rubber-was- used because of .its exedletif storage life and resistance to weathering, he explained. A special neoprene etnnpomid was developed to give good -adhesion to nylon and flexibility at. low temperaturn?. "Kor fighting men." (lianola said, "the dolhing fatigue factor is mod important. A man climbing a ladder in an overcoat tires more quickly than one in a bathing suil. That's where nylon gives us such a "real advantage. Because it's h o light and strong, our new cold weather outfit weighs only two-thirds as much as the World War 11 model, which offered little pro tection lx;low zero." Nevertheless, the Navy isn't freezing (lie present lie,sign of Us cold wealher gear for all lime. Gianola said his laboratory currently is trying out new designs and new materials. a fleece of "Orion'' acrylic fiber. for example--with the eventual aim of protecting the fighting man against even lower temperatures. Wearer of Nuvy's cold wenllier onill was alii! warm unci ify after stepping from shower into 20-lielow-wro cold mom. rlotlt ProdiM'l quality ilrpmil* im t>oo<i Hi* lu'vriupc sjieeiaiisls h it - cm hand !<> pr<>U*<`l jmrily. These are engi neers ? If etilher mete ntilnmtfers, late vers. You'll never expeel to Jintf them on our engineering rolls, flu#. iimfer ike Ihi Pont hip lop, there's a lot more limit the venter ring of chemieut engineering ilone any worrying lately about Kinking iiit.o a bed of MMiOTOOO-year old oysters; With all the intriguing subjocta for bad dreams afforded by the modern world, you probably haven't had time. But Dii Pont; engi neers, studying the Pom td;d ions for a new plant, had just that headache not long ago. In addition, they've boon scratching their heads over vibrating soils, frost depth, winds that blow in Hu; wrong direction, subtleties of the law, and a dozen oilier tilings calculated to make you wonder: "rl'hose a re eiigine<as?' ' Yes. they arc, although nob chemical or mechani cal imes us most at Du Pont are. They're what might PiripoMil \M>iitltrr iHT-tliiiiu^. a joh far our mi'h'orhn> lis niiirh K I f*,CNIO in our <J;*s . be called engineering special his, We have hundreds of t hem in the Company, mainly in our cent ral Engineer ing Dept. and there are vacancies for dozens more. 11 lev represent every conceivable branch of engineer ing-- except aeronautical..and some types that are inconceivable in the academic sense. Let's examine the jobs done by these men those, say, who concern themselves with 10.000.000-ycHr-olri oysters. Du Pont soil mechanics engineers came across such specimens of (hfrea Ueoiyiana when the Company was considering a southern site for a plant. They were something short of overjoyed, (hr the oyster forma tions were porous and pocked with sizeable holes. You rlotri build cm such a foundation if you can help it. Hie site, however, was so good for other reasons thiil, it, was accepted. "We succeeded in stabilizing the oysters by pumping a I bin cement mixture into the ground to fill up the holes." explains an engineer; "then we knew how the ground would behave." Possible M'l-ion-. It* tnarliiiies tuts itvi-rli-l n,, engineers soh ed Ilif "ra-e of llie vil>r;itiii4> hilling brine. They're also on hand Io advise about problems like waste-disposal wells. If you pumped wastes im,o ino-porous ground, they might seep inio local tsi reams. Later, these engineers may have to smooth over Soil m`Hinnies turn, -examining |lsuil sties, turn up perplexing oddities like iiiteient beds of ovsters. Picking a plant site is one of the big jobs for engineering specialists. It's surprising how many things 1 hey have to consider. Topography, water and electri cal power supply, nearness to towns anti markets, transportation, local labor supply, prevailing winds, tempera lures, soil structure -- that's pari of the list. Before one recent plant, was starled they studied, broadly speaking, every part of the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In helping choose a site, soil structure experts must, as we've noted, assure the Company that it can build on a firm foundation. But there's more to their work. If a well is to he sunk for wafer supply, fur example, they have to know how deep it can go without W'lilrli |Kii`I!i!if* lo h >i-? Ttuil <tot*>u*l w iiiik I like mi engineerin'* lulu bill ids a t ital one ill Iln Paul. l crises like "the case of the vibrating soil," Ground, we learned from them, vibrates at various frequencies. If to the soil they're anchored in, they can be seriously damaged or near-by pipes may be broken. It's the principle by which a trotting dog can shake the life out of a footbridge, or by which singing voices are ___JJ 1------------4._ _____l,, I-- _____ b com pressor--to include a larger block of earth for stabili zation...stopped a case of this. In both site selection and construction, meteor ology is essential. Suppose a plant is going to release some sinelf fumes or fly-ash, in spite of your best During design and construction, you couldn't contracting with scores of smaller companies. Others ,, . wind pressures on buildings ,, . floors that must withstand acids and vibration ., . structures for special purposes ,. . complicated electrical power systems our Instrument engineers. These men--chemical, electrical and mechanical engineers for the most part--adapt measuring and control devices to the plant. In many cases, they design entirely new "electronic brain" equipment. cyanides--as well as its efficiency and product quality. To aid product quality, for instance, these engineers have designed an automatic machine for our Photo Products Dept, that spots and rejects electronically any dental x-ray film packets that are not properly filled. Result; no irate dentists. sion of Barmen & Bailey, that's about what it is. In showing you around, we've passed by quite a few in mam grantsrrsi*i*j}ih-Mnall Hliis. Lilii' any t<mn,, iJicj r<H|iiir<* jnmrr-Mi I'l'lv pcrtri. fllurte lo prevent it. You need to know the prevailing winds so you can locate, if possible, downwind from near-by towns. Tito height of your smokes*tucks will be governed by flits, too. These weather "engineers" also check on frost, depth, to k m? how deep pipes must be, and on min wit 11 pinpoint, forecasting at construction time. " Whalto the weather report for tomorrow?"says a field project, manager over the phono to one of our ineteorologi.sls. "i want the men lo start pouring concrete." "Well, the local weather man says `fair' for the city," replies tin* meteorologist, "but you're "0 miles outside) that area and it'll rain pitch forks out there a hoot JO o'clock. Tell your men to stay home, and pour t he concrete another day." Such aceuraie predic tions have saved many a taxpayer dollar-, as much as $10,1100 in one day on ike Atomic Energy Commis sion project at Savannah River. "I!<> :lnm! a device tn analyze sntNiinnlicuily for ey.'iiiiile.-l''' Inslrnmenl engineers obliged niIII true. rings, like the sanitary engineers who provide sewage treatment, and the transportation specialists who lay out roads and railroad tracks. Then, during operation, (here are crews of packaging and materials handling advisors, safety supervisors, lubrication consultants, and industrial engineers working (,o lower manufac turing costs. Nothing hut chemical engineering in a chemical Company? Well, a circus with nothing but trapeze a rtists? re's one for Horatio Alger: a young Norwegian traditional craft of piano making, always keeps a sharp comes to this country with organ-making experience, ...saves, about #1,000,.. and-founda-a-piano' company-in1901--a .firm that's now..tuned to.multimillion dollar eye on promising,innovations. Another witness to that ..is-itS' pioneering of' the' small-sized'"'piano' for "today's smaller rooms. production,...That,... in..a ...capsule,... is..the..Gulbraiisen.. ... '..... In. .spite. of.. its.. eagerness. for. .the new, .however, Co., one of the leaders in the piano industry. this firm sticks by older developments that have .......... hist..summer, anticipating its., golden .anniversary,. proved themselves over-the years, Like. the "Duco". . Gulbransen decided to play some of its ivory chips on "lacquers with which their line pianos are finished. a new home--a huge, modernistic plant in the Chicago Since the advent of these fast-drying lacquers, Gul~ suburb of Melrose Park. It was planned as a model of bransen and other piano makers have been able to cut efficiency, sunniness and dust-free air, plus the archi their finishing time considerably, improve appearance tectural beauty that Americans are gradually learning and insure longer-lasting beauty to the pianos in belongs as much in industry as in homes, schools, our homes. churches and skyscrapers, Recently George McDermott, vice-president of the company, commented to a Du Pont representa- . Six months later...something of a record in con ...tive: ."We..give .a five-year-guarantee' on-all.of' our..... structing a.plant' of 136,000 square feet--the piano makers moved in. Even;"the moving was allegro vivace; spinets, grands and school models, so we require fine properties-in both the piano and.its finish.., Tdestl- .. 30''days "afterwards"'they' had''already-produced.1,000... pianos, mate we've been using `Duco* for 30 or 35 years." . . A really gentlemanly estimate, since "Dnco" came .........The iinootli-iiied1'"one-story plant isunusualin the... " 'on'the "market" just.29 years "ago, '"but one" "perhaps.... piano world where multi-story loft buildings are the rule. But Gulbransen, besides being a master of the indicating they liked our pre-"Buco" finishes, too? A pleasant thought, anyway. 1 5 ` ` ` ' i {\ . l . ', . v . \ : i' . ' : < k - . . . :| .... ' ` . I `: : . * "ANTI-SLIP FLOOR WAXES," a new brochure, describes bow particles of "Ludox" colloidal silica sum*mul softer wax particles, giving skid resista i ice and greater 'hardness to water based waxes. Copies are available from Nemours Room (1-5, (iranselli Chemicals Dept,, Wilmington, Del, A NEW conliminus bleaching range for textiles has been developed jointly by Du Pont and H, W. Butterworth &, Bonn of Belhayres. Pa., equipment manufae hirers. Called the Type 10(10, it costs toss than (lie Junior range if replaces, yet bleaches 50 per cent more cloth in the same length of lime (up to 1,500 pounds an hour). Designed especially for small pi,'mis, larger ones may also find if useful for specialty bleaching. SEWING THREAD of "Dacron'' polyester liber . now available for home use. It's strong and shrink resist ant- -excellent for use on fabrics made from either natural or synthetic libers. Initially, it's being offered in white only. PAPER TARGETS. A sighting-in target designed primarily for big game hunters and a challenging "Plyspeck" large! for small bore rifle shooters may be obtained free from the Advertising Dept., !,)-,!0, Rem ington Arms Co., Inc,, Bridgeport, Conn. ARGENT-GRAY, a durable, light-fast pigment for automotive finishes, has been introduced by Du Pont. Its transparency permits its use with flake aluminum and other do ruble pigments to produce exceptionally brilliant metallized finishes. Ml PONT SOU. CONDITIONER W. Now avail able m; garden supply dealers, tills new product, is designee! to keep hard clay soil loose and crumbly. A tier the ground is worked and the seed planted, the conditioner is dissolved in water anti sprinkled on the surface. It increases (be soil's ability' to hold water, prevents caking anil reduces erosion. Identical soil samples, one l,re:u,i*d with Du Pont Soil Conditioner W and flit; other untreated, show marked dillbreiioe (JdLfj, Treated soil is porous, granular; untreated is hard and cracked. When the same samples are doused with water (below), the conditioned soil maintains a workable structure while the untreated sample becomes sticky. H-- - i&t hfi; i- X V-l ,- ;3r M-- # "FREON-113" triclilorotrifluoroetliaiie is being rec ommended as a fast-drying solvent for the cleaning and processing of motion picture film. It is nonflammable, relatively nontoxic, and has no detectable effect on Aim "base"'or "emulsions." -For 'information'-write ``Kinetic"" Chemicals Div.. Nemours 2539.. DM-9, Wilmmerton. ----l TT ft-' m p^piijjp HHHi 5; -S' BfiiBMB it. t i Nv, : *- wBm Tliis two-in-one cleaning aid has Du Pont cellulose sponge on one side, a rubber squeegee on the other, A WASHABLE, RUBBER-BASE PAINT that leaves no unpleasant odor has been placed on general stile by. Dtt.Bcnjt., "Plow Rote" wall paint dries In 30 - ___J___ j . . .......... _________________Of____ 1..I- and deeo tones. * A NEW CHEMICAL PROTECTOR called "Manzate" fungicide has been developed by Du Pont agricultural research. It is under study as a weapon against various fungous diseases that attack tomatoes, potatoes, and other vegetables and fruits. Limited quantities .are'available this year"for" commercial use on tomatoes and potatoes. BLACKER LACQUER. New "Duco" Jet Black, lac quer for auto refinishere gives a blaeker-tlmn-ever.. finish.' The' new product also dries fast to a hard. and no hazing. . S s \ i. ` ' t >, \A \ ,1 * : J-. K : ' i:r' rubber, which remains resilient after continued use in hot water. Manufactured by Snap Products Corpora tion, East Brighton & Glen Aves., Syracuse, N.Y. PHOTO CREDITS: Page 1: Courtesy Procter & Gamble Co.: Piife 6, left: Free Lance Photographers Guild; Page f, top lift and bottom tenter; Gendreau; P(55 1 *: Courtesy Conaolldated Engineering Corp. i Page a 0 iintl Page 21. bottom left: Courtesy General Motors; Page 84 Ceurtny Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.; Raise If, bottom: Courteey Endieott Corp.i Wage* 3S iinI M; Courtety II. S. Navy; Pages 36 and 3?: Courteny Encyclopaedia Britannica; Page 39, top: Court**? ttmi at Plmmmm Preu. 35 ' Sh:iLosp<*;iio is aJ)t*ui r<mh in '*ti iiir sis Form lor >r<oiid volume o| liis %%rks an okay. Take .`1,000 years of it o h !cm thmtffhi, iJistiH it into tin* reatury's most ambitious fmltUshhip; tenttiro, and -y o u hare the nine- Ureal Hooks series l*lnymg' I,neks v>?illi time is lively sport these days. Kinsteii) started if.; Mien the science fiction writers l.ouk if up, shuttling us backwards and forwards i.hrough space-l.ime. Nov,' Ike Kneydopaedin Brits nnien and (he University of Chicago, in dioir own way, are doing if. 'I'heir century-juggling rests on a new at-volume so!, "(Ire;11 Hooks of (Ik * Wesfern World,11 in which 74 authors from Homer lo Freud talk a f ton I, |,he main thought streams of Western tradition. With these books, you cati nil. down will art idea, pull up five hypothetical chairs, and invito live' men who lived in five different centuries mid countries lo chew over l,he subject with you. Without wading through all their writings...that's the trick. The Great Hooks and their Syrhc] > icon...the index tlia I, lets you trace the discussion of any idea through all (.lie an I hors in the set..are pro ha lily the 20th cen turyN biggest publishing ven(arc. Their 54 volumes add up to 2fi;,000.0f)0 words; cost in the neighborhood of Ti.OOO.fKM) lo prepare: and kept as many ns a hundred scholars at. work nearly n decade. The books got l.heir shirt in '43 with an agreement: between. Robert M. Hutch ins, then UniverHily of Chicago chancellor, and Senator William Benton, head of Encyclopaedia Biitmmiea. By this agreement the University took on lho editorial work and the Ency clopaedia was lo finance, produce and distribute. No one. at that time, guessed what, a herculean job was ahead. For the 2,500 pages of wlmt'.s now the Syut.opieon were then just an idea running through Mort imer Adler's restless mind. Adler, professor of the philosophy of law at the University, had been asked by Benton what he though! would really make people me the collet:I ion. An idea index, he said. He got the job of preparing it. UILLIOA DOLLAR 1\I)KX Supposedly, tlrisSyntopieon was to fake two years and fill),()0(L .By the time Adler was through, eight years later, Briiamiiea picked up a bill for $1,000,000, Some 400,000 man-hours of rending' hud gone inlo the super index. Dozens of scholars had screened all 443 works in the Great Books, plus l he .Bible, for references to each of Adler's 102 "(treat Ideas" and their sub divisions. Ploughing through each work four times, they had tallied mentions of Beaul y, Courage. Democ racy, Emotion, Family, God, .Justice, Labor, Love, Mechanics. Progress, lievolution, Space, Time, Truth, War and Peace, and the rest. By the time they shoved back their chairs, the indexers had assembled more than 103,1)00 Great Books references plus many outside bibliographical ones - as a guide for readers. Adler himself had written .1.02 lengthy assays lo introduce the Syntopioon ideas, plus serving as associate editor of flu? entire project. Hutchins, the editor, had prepared an impressive intro duction to the set. In April of this year the first. 500 "Founders' Editions," bound in Du Pont "PN" buckram, were distributed. The regular edit ion, hound hi "PX" pyrox ylin impregnated book doth, goes on sale sometime in September. "The choice of Ihe Dr. Pont fabric," says Bri tarn i iea. "came a hou 1.1 >eca use D r. Adler wa nted the set bound hi a cert ain type of material, and Dr, Hutchins didn't want, it to look like a sol of hooks.' Tim compromise was to bind each book in a color appropriate to its contents. So Pie colors match those of the doctoral hoods- green for science, red for philos ophy, blue for history, and yellow for poetry. When .it was found the precise colors didif t exist., t lie Brifaimiea and Du Pont, technicians worked out the ones desired. " 'The result: the Great .Books are a credit to any bookshelf -as nice to look at as into. Du Pont Notes \<i Xu "The peasant villages of neutral Hurope are, perhaps, free of smog, just as they are1 free of bathtubs, autos and electric refrigerators," 1 hairy B. clu Pouf fold 1.1 u: 1952 National Air Pol In lion Symposium in Pasadena. Ah' siiid stream pollution k purl, of tire priee we have paid for our own industrializai ion, Hie Du Pont vice president added, "but we do not agree that it is a permanent priee. , . Practical a Is,element, is well within reach of most, industries, " Du Pont has invested $25,0(10,000 in pollution abatement facilities, be said, "and we are certainly not a lore ... 1 know of 00 companies in our own field who have sipenf, in aggregate, an average of $5,000,000 yearly on pollution control devices , . . Mu lightened mumigeinenls today are frying to face (he problem before it becomes a problem, and they are enlisting every contribution of modern science in doing an." New litlsflldf l,;tlp J )u Pont plans to build a new $2,000,01)0 1 tasked I Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology near Newark, Del. The present laboratory, situated at the I)u Pool, Kx peri mental Station since 1905, tosR ibis Company's products and matiurneturiog processes f<> eliminate pnieni.ial hazards to customers and employes. in addition, it is conducting' basic research into the causes of industrial fatigue and the factors that make clothing comfortable. One feature of the new building' will bo an all-weather room, where I,lien; factors can be; measured in temperatures ranging from 20 below zero to 1 m above-. RMi -- rife life 1--B A llnllllS`r-liliy Mnlf-risii find, is impervious to ozone, the substance In the air responsible for deterioration of natural rubber and many synthetics, is being produced in pilot-plant quantities by the Du Pont Polychemicals -- Dej>irfcinenr.. The new elastomer, called "Hypalon" S-2 chloro- sulfonated polythene, is being eyed as a candidate for products requiring superior weather resistance--e.g,, white sidewalls, fabric coating, cable covering, auto mobile weather-stripping, etc. Researchers cite an experimental fabric coating of "Hypalon" S-2 that survived, two years' exposure in Florida with little or no change in toughness, and a white sidewall compound "with remarkable color retention and resistance to sunlight,*' Meanwhile, tire treads of the new material are undergoing road tests. One unusual feature: compounds of "Hypalon" S-2 have good physical properties without the addition ofcarbon black, traditional in so many rubber products. A letter from the editor Driving soitlh of the old Spanish port of Fernandina on my Florida vacation not long ago, I chanced on one of the biggest, azalea and camellia gardens in the country. Camellias and azaleas, according to (he owner, are not; the lHithou.se (lowers that most people think they are. (,'mnellias in particular are hardy winter bloomers, and the plants are tough enough to live through many heavy snows. After learning 1 was with Du Pont, (lie owner said he'd been promoting our fungicide for years. "We spray all of our big camellias every sirring and fall with T'ermate' fungicide. In the spring, before planting azalea and camellia cuttings in sand benches, we dip them in a suspension of T'ermal-T. We also use consider., ably less of tlie special imported sand we require by washing if season after season with a drench of this very same Du Pont fungicide. "We've actually cut losses on azaleas by HO per cent, and those on camellias by .T> per cent by following this plan. And as for Hid ling your product, I recommend it; to all the (lower lovers who bnv my plants." When my new camellia plant blossoms next winter, ill be able to return (he compliment. While driving with me through his gardens, toy host noticed I he "Rug Anchor" on (he floor of tire car. and asked what if was. "That's to protect the permanent (louring of my car from vacation sand and mud," 1 told him, "although lire product is really made by Du Pont for putting under scatter rugs to anchor them in place." 1 explained flint another piece of "Hug Anchor" rug underlay was s|>reud cut under my steeping hag al night lo kivp out both cold and moist ure. Then after spieling o-Vabout a dozen other uses for the product including another good word on its primary function of uniting down accidents from falls -it would have been a cinch to (ratio an extra piece lor at least one prize azalea. Sincerely, . ///tr Tin- chief job iif "Hug Aticlinr" is In linli! small rnys in |il;n*c. ' .({upi-p- :t {' t` 5 tr-?Dfr i i:" r h;::: rt k : i, rrp D T ill D i l . ivflon tooth brush* best IVe ever used! ; : ;-i : ; ; ! : ' ':' : ALSO MADE BY PLASTICS PRODUCTS DIVISION nylon comb^, too. Guess we're both sold on nylon!" Combs and tooth brushes made entirely of Du Pont nylon are important items in everyday living. They are two examples of efficient performance at very low cost . . . two excellent reasons for asking for Du Ponl Combs and Tooth Brushes at stores most convenient to you. V STILL THE BOSS.. . He was a pretty demanding fellow, that man behind the wheel. He didn't like cranking, so the self-starter was invented. He hated blowouts, so manufac turers got busy and made better tires. He complained of varnish finishes that cracked and peeled in the sun, so in 1923 Du Pont chemists introduced a revolutionary new product called "Duco" lacquer. Not only was "Duco" more durable, but it dried so fast that a car could be finished in days instead of weeks. It helped put the "mass" in mass production. He's not through demanding yet, this American motorist. Hydraulic brakes, the automatic shift, power steering; he wanted them, and they were produced. He's on the lookout for improved finishes, too . .. new colors, new qualities. Seeing that he gets what he wants is the job of 268 technical and research men in six Du Pont Finishes laboratories, and of 70,000 independent "Duco" refinishers throughout the country. To them, the man in the driver's seat is still boss. Finishes Division, E. I. d u Po n t d e Ne mo u r s & Co. (In c .), Wilmington, Delaware. <mm> O&CDafo /nmcDds27oop3(Zic?v/ BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ... T H R O U G H CHE MIST RY PlCTUHE ABOVE COIJHTrsY AU.I8.CHAt Mf RB MTQ. CO.i OfLOW, COIJRTFSY THE BUDCJ CO.