Document 71mvYKy529YM3JYKykQdd9nr8

n nye ^gr x^)<OLhq PUBLIC COMMENT DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE ... . 0 w. ti&N ^ 0 # 1995 u t larsor ABSTRACT The Agency for Toxic substances and Disease Registry conducted a health study of the ijrea surrounding the Calvert City Industrial Complex (CCIC), an industrial site located in IgMve c City, Kentucky. The objective of the study was to assess the current health status of f&side -ts living near the CCIC compared with residents of a similar, "nonexposed" comparison community. Calvert City is a community of approximately 2,500 people in the western part of Stentucky in Marshall County. The CCIC is located on the northern side of Calvert City and fee s- uthem bank of the Tennessee River. The CCIC is presently occupied by 17 separate -COmpinies, many involved in manufacturing and handling chemical compounds. Some residents Of the area were concerned that chemical releases from the CCIC were causing adverse health `effects in the community. A total of 720 randomly selected participants from the Calvert City area and a similar ucomy&rison area were administered a standardized symptom and illness prevalence questionnaire, ^.rf.nned pulmonary function tests, and provided blood and urine specimens for chemical ?exposure tests and biomedical tests of subclirucal organ dysfunction. In general, target area study _ " participants reported illnesses slightly more often, but symptoms less often, than comparison area study participants. No clear pattern of symptoms or illness was discerned. No statistically ^significant differences were found in reproductive histories. Biological test results of the -hepatobiliary, renal, immune, and hematopoietic systems revealed no clear differences between target and comparison study groups or in comparison to reference levels. No statistically ^significant differences were seen between target and comparison groups in pulmonary function tests. Of the 31 chemicals analyzed in the volatile organic chemical blood exposure testing, only . acetone was statistically significantly higher in target area participants than in comparison area participants. i. 23952001 1 BFG28805 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE SYMPTOM AND ILLNESS PREVALENCE WITH BIOMARKERS HEALTH STUDY FOR CALVERT CITY AND SOUTHERN LIVINGSTON COUNTY, KENTUCKY INTRODUCTION The Calvert City Industrial Complex (CCIC) is located on the northern side of Calvert City, a small community situated on the southern bank of the Tennessee River in Marshall County, Kentucky. This industrial complex had its beginnings in the late 1940s, when the first manufacturing facilities were built to take advantage of the electric generating capacity of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the accessible barge and railway transport facilities. The CCIC is presently occupied by 17 separate companies, many involved in manufacturing and handling chemical compounds. One of these companies is a commercial solid and hazardous waste treatment facility that has been operating hazardous waste incinerators since 1978. Two U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Priority List (NPL) sites are also within CCIC boundaries. Meetings held by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) staff with the local community have elicited a number of concerns that can be divided into three areas: (1) exposure to toxic substances, (2).increased prevalence of various symptoms and illnesses, and (3) excess cancer deaths. Chemicals which are of concern, to local residents were various organic chemicals (such as vinyl chloride and ethylene dichloridel. neurotoxic chemicals, heavy metals, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid, asbestos in drinking water, dioxin, and radioactive substances. Some members of the community have stated that there is a mgfr rate of birth defects in the Calvert City area. Other symptoms and illnesses of concern to local residents were cancers, infertility, miscarriages, low birth weight, skin, rashes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory problems (sore throat, shortness of breath, and severe cough), asthma, eye irritation, neurologic disease, lupus erythematosus, and silicosis. - ;. In response.to a petition request filed in May 1987 by a resident of Livingston County, ATSDR initiated a public health assessment at the site. A Health Assessment was completed in; 1992 ;which recommended that; ATSDR consider the Calvert City and southern Livingston Countyiarea,for-future health .studies r (I),; 19$1 the Health Investigations^Branch,!(HIB) : ofitheaDivision of Health Studies (DHS). of ATSDR became involved and a health^study was initiated/ihrJune 1993, Information on site history, community concerns,, contamination testing, naiuLpotential health problems associated with chemical exposures for, the site .was previously published(2). , I'M 23952002 2 BFG28806 DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE CONCLUSIONS 1. Target area study participants reported illnesses slightly more often and symptoms less often than comparison area study participants. No clear pattern of symptoms or illness was observed. Confounding and interaction were assessed and controlled for in necessary cases in the analysis of collected data. 2. No statistically significant differences in reproductive histories were found between target and comparison area women. 3. Biological test results of the hepatobiliary, renal, immune, and hematopoietic systems revealed no clear differences between target and comparison study groups, nor any differences between the target population and established reference levels. 4. No statistically significant differences were seen between target and comparison groups in regard to pulmonary function tests. 5. Of the 31 chemicals tested for in the VOC exposure testing, only acetone was found at a statistically significantly higher mean concentration in target area participants than in comparison area participants. However, both target and comparison levels were below the national reference level. Low levels of bromoform were detected in both target and comparison groups. There appeared to be no association between area of residence and VOC exposure, nor excessive recent exposure occurring in either study community. 1 23952003 18 BFG28807 Avon Lake Deer Park and LaPorte Deer Park Deer Park Henry Long Beach Louisville P'town P'town P'town Plaquemine Terre Haute Plant doctors (list compiled 12/94) Dr. Nepomuceno Vu Doan Theriot 7/92-present Aurel E. Mircea 3/86-7/92 David K. McDonald 1/82-3/86 Arnold Faber Stephen Lake(contract basis. Twice a month) John Creech Dr. Norton Dr. Boyer Dr. Quigley (temp while Boyer had surgery) J.E. Grace Dr. Ray of Ambucare Clinic 23953000 BFG28808 Avon Lake Deer Park LaPorte Plant Industrial Hygienists (list compiled 12/94) none (Safety engineers = Jim Alten Richard Hardesty Bob Accarino Bill Gunning - 60's & 70's C. Balaj D. Demus C. Saltis A Campana none since 11/87 Jeny Miller before 11/87 Safety engineers = Robert DesJardins 10/87 - present Jerry Miller 1/82 - 11/87 (actually from 6/81 with Diamond Shamrock) John Sanders (currently Med Tech) Jerry L. Miller (Safety engineers = Tim Lancelin (current) Ron Taylor (past) Joe Riddle (Diamond Shamrock) Dave McMillin (Diamond Shamrock) Ftown Plaquemine Terre Haute Plant Industrial Hygienists (list compiled 12/94) Safety/Industrial Hygiene Mrgs & Engineers: Jim Kiel Dennis O'Keefe Don Cross John Gressler Greg Kaswell Jerry Hinton Tony Montalbano Rick Hollis A1 Moran Todd Bretz Chuck McCann Jane Jackson (industrial nurse) Karen Emmerling (industrial nurse) same as safety engineers = Dan Langlois TJ. Guillot Jeff Conklin Mackie Comeaux never had a plant industrial hygeinist. Safely engineer, Mike DeMent does monitoring and medical testing. 23953002 951a:docsAih BFG28810 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No: 19-Dec-1994 03:02pm EDT COMEAUXM COMEAUXM@PLQADM#MRGATE@CLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE6A1 Subject: PAST DOCTORS, SAFETY ENGINEERS, INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PLANT DOCTOR - J.E. GRACE SAFETY ENGINEERS - DAN LANGLOIS, T.J. GUILLOT, JEFF CONKLIN, MACKIE COMEAUX INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS - SAME AS SAFETY ENGINEERS 23353003 BFG288U I N T E R OFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No: 15-Dec-1994 06:18pm EDT DUBYJ DUBYJ6TRHND2@MRGATE@CLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE@A1 Subject: Doctors Terre Haute uses Dr. Ray of Ambucare Clinic as the plant doctor. We do not use any specialists Mike DeMent is our current and only Safety Engineer We do not and have not ever had a plant industrial hygenist. Mike does any monitoring of noise levels and arranges medical testing. He also does environmental tasks. 23953004 BFG28812 Subject: RE: In Search of... HI MARGIE. I AM UNSURE HOW FAR BACK YOU WANT US TO GO, BUT HERE A&E NAMES FROM THE PAST 10 YEARS: DOCTOR NEPOMCENO, NOT MUCH IN THE FORM OF TOXICOLOGY SINCE WE USED THE BATH FOLKS SUCH AS WALLY B. AS TO SAFETY ENGINEERS, B.HOLMES, G.KRUPP, J.ALTEN, C.BALAJ, D.DEMUS, B.ACCARINO, C.SALTIS AND A.CAMPANA. TO MY KNOWLEDGE, WE HAVE NOT HAD AN IH. JIM VCEiVED JAN 101995 W. W. BAN 23953005 BFG28813 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date From Dept: Tel No 07-Dec-1994 11:04am EDT KISSLINGR KISSLINGR@ALTC@CLE@MRGATE@CLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE6A1 Subject: RE: In Search of... Bill Gunning was the safety manager at the Avon Lake plant back in the 1960's and perhaps the 1970's. After that Bob Accarino held the safety position. Jim Alten was the safety engineer for ALTC and Richard Hardesty also had responsibility for it. Bob Kiss ling 23953006 BFG28814 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No: 06--Dec--1994 09:29am EDT HANCOCKB ____ HANCOCKB#PT@KRGATE@CLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE@A1 Subject: In Search of.................. Here is the info you requested from LaPorte: Plant Physician: VuDoan Theriot Safety Engineers: Tim Lancelin (current) Ron Taylor (past) Joe Riddle (past) Dave McMillin (past) * the last two were Diamond Shamrock employees prior to BFG Plant Ind. Hygienist John Sanders (currently Med Tech) Jerry L. Miller BFG28815 W Cd cn CO INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No 05-Dec-1994 05:49pm EDT MILLERW_____ MILLERWjlHNYjjMRGATEgCLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE0A1 Subject: RESPONSE TO "IN SEARCH OF..." MARGIE: FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF THE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE WORKED IN THE REQUESTED AREAS - PAST AND PRESENT. 1. PLANT DOCTOR - DR. ARNOLD FABER. (DR. FABER HAS A PRIVATE PRACTICE IN HENRY AND WORKS AT THE 1 TO 2 DAYS PER WEEK ON A CONTRACT BASIS.) 2. SAFETY ENGINEER - H. ROBERT CALDER IS OUR CURRENT SAFETY ENGINEER._ (PREVIOUS SAFETY ENGINEERS HAVE BEEN: MIKE DEMENT CURRENTLY AT TERRE HAUTE, AND BRIAN ARENDS CURRENTLY AT LOUISVILLE - BFG.) 3. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS - SCOTT JOHNSON IS OUR CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL /INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST. (PREVIOUSLY THIS POSITION WAS HELD BY DIANA FRIEZE WHO IS EMPLOYED BY THE BFG - HENRY PLANT.) IF YOU NEED ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PLEASE GIVE ME A CALL. CORDIALLY, BILL MILLER X9438 23953008 BFG28816 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: 07-Dec-1994 11:19am EDT Dept: Tel No: TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE0A1 Subject: In Search Of... Re: Deer Park Plant To respond to your questions: 1. Plant doctors, including any epidemiologists, toxicologists that have worked for each plant. We have had none of the latter, but our plant physicians have been: * Dr. Vu Doan Theriot 7\92 - present * Dr. Aurel E. Mircea 3\86 - 7\92 * Dr. David K. McDonald 1\82 - 3\86 (He was the plant physician for Diamond Shamrock before 1\82; no start date is available. Please advise if you need this date). 2. Plant safety engineers, past & present: * Robert DesJardins 10\87 - present * Jerry Miller 1\82 - 11\87 (Actually started here with Diamond Shamrock as a safety engineer on 6\81). 3. Plant Industrial Hygienists past & present. * None currently. Since 11\87, we have received help from other BFG\Geon resources, like Jim Griffin, Avon Lake. * Before 11\87, Jerry Miller likely provided these services, as he was a degreed industrial hygienist. Please advise if you need additional information. Dale Eckard 2395300! BFG28817 i [i INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No: 28-Dec-1994 03:40pm EDT MARCHV MARCHV6LNB28 08MRGATE6CLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE6A1 Subject: RE: Doctors Margie, Long Beach currently retains Dr. Stephen Lake as a "plant doctor" on a contract basis. He usually comes into the plant twice a month. Ken Delaney is currently responsible for safety, environmental and industrial hygiene. His position is being phased out and our current plan is to have these functions absorbed by the plant manager effective April 1st. Whether or not Paul's decision to take early retirement will affect this or not, I don't know at this time. Vic M. 23953010 BFG28818 11 aV I N T E R OFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No: 29-Dec-1994 11:03am EDT WALSHJ WALSHJ@LVLC@MRGATEICLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIESA1 Subject: IN SEARCH OF-------- 1.PLANT DOCTORS: DR. JOHN CREECH 2.SAFETY ENGINEERS: WALTER CATO (DECEASED) THOMAS BOLLY (DECEASED) MAURICE D. SCHRADER (RETIRED) RONALD L. MARTIN MICHAEL THOMPSON 3.HYGIENIST: NONE 23953011 BFG28819 T INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: From: Dept: Tel No: 05-Dec-1994 05:49pm EDT WORRELLT WORRELLT6PED2 6CLE@MRGATEeCLE TO: MCQUOWN, MARGIE@A1 Subject: RE: In Search of... From: To: CC: Subj: CLE: :CLE: :MRGATE: : "Al: .-MCQUOWN, MARGIE" 5-DEC-1994 16:32:09.55 @Distribution_List In Search of... From: To: NAME: MARGIE MCQUOWN FUNC: D/5440 TEL: See Below <MCQUOWN, MARGIEA1@CLE> This note is going to plant HR Managers. The information we need is: 1. Plant doctors, including any epidemiologists, toxicologists that have worked for each plant. 2. Plant safety engineers, past & present. 3. Plant Industrial Hygienists past & present. Thanks for your guick responses. Margie MARGIE: HERE'S THE PTOWN INFO. I'M NOT SURE IF IT'S 100% INCLUSIVE, BUT IT'S CLOSE. DOCTORS: DR. NORTON DR. BOYER DR. QUIGLEY ( TEMP- FILLED IN FOR BOYER WHEN HE HAD SURGERY) SAFETY/INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE MGRS: JIM KIEL DENNIS O'KEEFE SAFETY ENGINEERS/INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ENGINEERS: DON CROSS JOHN GRESSLER GREG KASWELL JERRY HINTON TONY MONTALBANO 23953012 BFG28820 INDUSTRIAL NURSE: JANE JACKSON KAREN EMMERLING HOPE THIS IS HELPFUL TOM RICK HOLLIS AL HORAN TODD BRETZ CHUCK MCCANN 1 23953013 BFG28821 N*w intir 13 June 1974 Science paused, and 17 died 073 At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times greater than the safe limit imposed by one chemical company--Oow Chemical Lawrence McGinty VVC 000005990 In January Dr John L. Creech, a works doctor at a Kentucky chemical plant, made public evidence that has finally forced a full inves tigation of an industrial health hazard that should have been eliminated many years ago. Creech's discovery was that four former employees of his company (B. F. Goodrich), who had been involved in making polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), had died from a fatal liver cancer so rare that it kills less than 30 people a year in the US. The immediate implication that there is a causal relationship between indus trial exposure to vinyl chloride vapour and development of the liver cancer (angiosar coma) was reinforced less than a month later when an Italian researcher, Cesare Maltoni, revealed that he had found angiosarcomas in the livers of rats exposed to VCM. That VCM causes angiosarcomas remains to be proved--although the evidence accumu lating is so powerful that the chemical industry and government health inspec torates have little option other than to act on the hypothesis. But how to act? And why has action been delayed, perhaps fatally, for over 30 years? The story could well begin in 1971, with the publication of a paper by another Italian, P. L. Viola. Researching the effects of expos ing rats to an atmosphere containing 30 000 parts per million (ppm) of VCM (a massive dose), Viola found that "almost all animals developed tumours of the skin and lungs" and some developed bone cancers. The results came as something of a surprise because no-one had suspected VCM of being a carcinogen, and Viola had not set out to look for tumours. Criticism of the Italian research, as an indicator of VCM's carcino genicity, was not slow in coming. The dose level was grotesquely high; so high that the rats' defence mechanisms may simply have been overwhelmed--leaving them sus ceptible to "spontaneous" tumours. Nevertheless, such is the emotive impact of even a hint of a new carcinogen that four large European PVC makers (ICI, Montedi son, Rhone-Progil, and Solvay) decided to sponsor a study by Cesare Moltani, professor of Oncology at the Bologna Institute of Oncology. Viola allowed access to his raw data and Maltoni concluded that both the skin and lung tumours probably arose in the Zymbal gland, a sebaceous gland in the ear duct which in rats is particularly responsive to many carcinogens. Maltoni therefore began an extensive series of experiments on rats, mice, and hamsters exposed to ever decreasing concentrations of VCM. Simul taneously, ICI started an epidemiological study of workers at its PVC plant. The exact sequence of events after this point, and in particular the fate of Maltoni's results, has created a bitter controversy in the US. Following B. F. Goodrich's disclosure of the deaths among its ex-workers, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administra tion (OHSA) called an informal hearing. At that inquiry Maltoni gave evidence that he had discovered angiosarcomas in the livers of rats exposed to only 250 ppm of VCM. Because VCM was found to be carcinogenic at such low concentrations, Maltoni began a new series of experiments exposing larger num bers of rats to even lower VCM concentra tions (250, 150, 100, and 50 ppm). At the time of the OSHA hearings, results from this crucial series of experiments were not avail able. It was only at a symposium organised by the American Cancer Society and the New York Academy of Sciences on 10-11 May that Maltoni was able to say that he had dis covered angiosarcomas in the 50 ppm group of rats. On 15 April, the US Manufacturing Chemists Association (MCA) disclosed that research it had sponsored also showed angio sarcomas at 50 ppm--but this time in mice. Was there a "cover-up" 7 The controversy hinges on a. tentative allegation in Chemical & Engineering News (20 May, p 16) that the MCA, and individual chemical companies, "held in confidence for at least a year preliminary, albeit significant, scientific findings"--that is, the interim results of Maltoni's work. The MCA replied that it had been given access by the Euro pean sponsoring companies to the findings (after "months" of negotiation) only on the understanding that it would make no "unilateral disclosure". Maltoni observed his first angiosarcomas in rats in August 1972. ICI readily admits that it was aware of these findings in January 1973. In that month the MCA sent a technical delegation to visit Bologna and received reports of the research there. Thus it is undenied that the chemical industry knew that VCM was carcinogenic in rats at concentrations as low as 250 ppm at the beginning of last year. ICI and the MCA both say that they passed on this fact to appropriate government agen cies in July 1973. But the UK Employment Medical Advisory Service (EMAS) and the Factory Inspectorate say that the first inkling they had of the carcinogenicity of VCM (apart from Viola's paper) was in January 1974 from Id, which notified them of the Goodrich rases. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) denies that it knew of the angiosarcoma risk until January 1974. In fact, Maltoni's angiosarcoma discoveries were first made public, not at the February uO "fl Q K) OO 23955000 00000599V OSHA hearings, but at the Second I.. national Symposium on Cancer Detection and Prevention held in Bologna on 9-12 April, 1973. At that meeting, Maltoni read a general paper about occupational oncology, during which be showed a table of preliminary results. There for all to see wore angiosar comas in the 250 ppm group of rats (as well as Zymbal gland carcinomas and nephro blastomas). It seems unlikely that the Euro pean companies sponsoring Maltoni's re search would have allowed him to announce preliminary findings at this symposium, while denying the same data to MCA. The impact of the results contained in the Bologna paper seems to have been minimal. The published version of the paper became available only three weeks ago. One British participant has no recollection of the report of angiosarcomas, despite a personal conver sation with Maltoni at the symposium. It is probably impossible to say whether the chemical industry deliberately and mali ciously hid unfavourable research findings. It is, however, likely that, even if this were not the case, the results would not have caused much of a stir. Tor by this time, the epidemio logical survey was showing negative results. ICI had found no deaths from angiosarcomas among ex-employees. Thus in January 1973 there was no human evidence of VCM's carcinogenic properties. Because extrapolat ing from animals about carcinogenicity is notoriously problematic, epidemiological evi dence carries greater weight in the minds of industry and UK regulatory bodies. Thus it is unlikely that animal studies alone would have been convincing enough to force a re appraisal of industrial exposure standards. "Firm" evidence only arose after the Good rich report, when other cases of. deaths from angiosarcoma were unearthed. ICI updated its survey and found one ex-employee who died from liver cancer in 1973. Other cases were found in Sweden and the US; the total now stands at 19. Twonty-flvo years' evidence However, the history of the research on VCM's toxicity is much more disturbing than any allegation of a 12 month cover-up. "There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among vinyl chloride - polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities". That is how Irving Selikoff, director of the environmental sciences laboratory at Mount Sinai Medical School in New York, sums up the history. The evidence he quotes goes back a long way. In a 1949 Russian study, 30 per cent (15 out of 46) of a group of PVC workers examined showed evidence of liver disease. The very fact that VCM was once considered as an anaesthetic, but rejected because it was found to be a cardiac irritant should, says Selikoff, have meant a closer examina tion of its industrial usage. Experiments in Britain in the 1960s linked- VCM to aeroosteolysis--an ugly, but seemingly reversible, bone disease characterised by distortion of New Scientist J3 June 1974 the skin and bones of the toes an. .ngers. In 1961 toxicologists from the Dow company published reports of an extensive research programme using rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and beagle dogs. After three months ex posure to concentrations of VCM between 100 and 500 ppm, animals showed various kinds cf liver damage. Even at the "low" concentration of 100 ppm, livers of subject rats wee abnormally enlarged. None of these studies even hinted that VCM is carcinogenic. They did, however, indicate a cause for great concern. Selikoff says, "We had evidence here and there that a number of organ systems and tissues were affected by VCM . . . Most of us did not draw the appropriate conclusions--that it should be carefully studied." Anomalins between limits Nevertheless, restrictions on the concen trations of VCM allowed in plants have existed for some time. The first (500 ppm in both the US and UK) were imposed because of VCM's inflammability, not its toxicity. But once limits were created on the basis of medical and animal studies, gross inter national anomalies arose. In the UK, a threshold limit value (TLV) of 200 ppm was set after the discovery of the causal link ' with acro-osteolysis; incomprehensibly, the -- 500 ppm limit remained in the US. Even more baffling, the Germans set a maximum work place concentration of 100 ppm in 1970 on the basis of the 1961 Dow research. But Dow itself restricted exposures in its factories to 50 ppm as long ago as 1961--on exactly the same evidence on which the Germans based their 100 ppm limit. No other section of the US or European industry followed Dow's lead. The reasons for this international confusion are obscure. Maltoni's evidence at the OSHA hearings threw the whole question into the melting pot. A IIS temporary limit of 50 ppm was rapidly decided and the UK Factory Inspec torate suggested an interim limit of 50 ppm maximum exposure, and a time weighted average exposure of 25 ppm. But both UK and US limits were devised before it was known that rats exposed to 50 ppm VCM developed angiosarcomas. Now a permanent standard of 1 ppm has been proposed by OSHA--in effect that no worker should be exposed to any detectable VCM vapour. In the UK, it is unlikely that the permanent limit (shortly to be announced) will be less than 25 ppm. Whatever final limit is accepted, there will be a fight between industry and the trade unions--particularly in the US. The zero exposure limit is strongly backed by Selikoff. "It is evident," he says, "that no threshold is known that would serve to prevent cancer among exposed workers." Not only does he believe it to be the only safe limit (as do other experts), he also thinks it practicable-- if expensive. "I don't believe a zero limit will involve closing down the vinyl chloride factories," he states, "I have great confidence that engineers will be able to solve the prob lems." The industry, of course, does not agree. BFG28823 lo o s s c e z i Hazaras Vinyi-CfilorideScare Poincs Up Dangers Of Other Chemicals THE W ALL STREET JOURNAL. Monday, Oct. 7,1974 Substances Long Believed Safe Now Are Regarded With Creater Skepticism A Hospital's Hidden Perils .cH--' eSJ --* By EaHKT K*aMIK #/ *;-'> * TM wm ItatCT J u, It's t 3;r.:clt molecule: two Mom* of car* bon. Lv*t atom* of hydrogen and a single Horn ?< chlorine. AS room temper v.ur* it Is a gas. The moieeule is called chloroethylen* by chemists, but U It mart commonly known*at vinyl eWorld*. The chemical structure of vinyl chloride has been known since the 1130*. Since a dec* ode alter she Civil War, scientist*. have known how to link, or polymerise, the vinyl* chloride molecules like beads on a chain to form a plastic called polyvinyl chloride, or PVC. Since the late 1930s. when 3.F. Good* rich perfected a commercial process lor po* lymeriinj vinyl chloride, the plastic has come to be a staple In thousands of house* hold products ranging from kitchen food wraps to construction material*. Last January, the world learned some* thing else about vinyl chloride: It can cause iH TVs it ;.W second of two stones con* implications of. the discovery >Ktt htoride eon reuse cancer. cancer In human*. Twenty-six cases ot a rare liver cancer have been discovered among `workers in polyvinyl-chloride plants. Alt ot the workers were exposed over many years to large quantities ot vtnyl-ehlorid* gas. In recent months, further evidence has come to light indicating that the gas is also responsible (or an Increase of other cancers \ among the workers In the PVC plants. As a j result, there now are standards relating ; vinyl-chloride emissions In factories. Vinyl- i chloride gss has also been banned for use as an aerosol propellant, and the Pood and Drug Administration Is toughening restric tion of the amount of vlnyt*ehloridc In PY*C feed wraps. Vinyl chloride, of course, is far from the . wjy m;*n-T.3d* chemical known to cncs*] canc*r or. tar :*at metier, other human .-ul- J menu. Industry regularly works with toxic substances ot alt types known to cause ill ef- teds raring from skin disorders to dim- Aged lungs, kidneys and livers. In lac:, the findings about rinyl chloride point up til* poUc.YM dangers of an entire group o( simi lar r^i-mSc-'da, which, like vinyl chloride. conc.Ain carbon and chlorine. The chlan*aiwt hydrocarbons, as the chemieuls ore enUed, are u>**1 in 'sroed I rrr.< jf p.-<v;-ic(* to which every human j bring Isa* j*i*r,uple exposures. J CLicJ CG Ar.-re \<>.i h.ir.'t t\:ne into contact wjjn [-'tu.'.s nmh J* p: *ri.cs. anesthetics, tn-tc- t`cdr nt*i h?.*bic;*!s. solvents aad phor- Hictu wal;. *Jl ot which cun be made from cV*rinitl .hydrocarbons. As a resuit of ihrr Avit.-nr^.vl manufacture and u*e. mot- from these products can be found e*. er)-.*hrfe on earth and In the upper atm*- >phe;*. Such molecules are niso cammonly i rjc'i -,n human tissues. Vtr.at Is particularly concerning some scientist is the fact that the compounds */ rarely found In natural systems unless those systems have been exposed t*raan-made poliu'-icft. `Although aU living things contain ccr.sl'Jirabie amounts of chloride Ion . . . very few chlorinated organic compounds ac tually occur in living things,'* says Dr. Barry Commoner, director of the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems at Washing ton University la Sc. Lotde. Trial and Error * Dr Cur.mr-ner .further notes that bioi-i tgic evgi-iuon i* a process of tr.al ar.d error j over million* of years; therefore, he says, the assumption can be made that since the chlorinated hydrocarbons are virtually ab sent from all living things, the compounds are likely to be "evolutionary rejects.** And that means, he soya, that If such compounds invade a natural system like that of man. they are likely to be toxle. "This means that Industrial operations that synthesis# or make use of such sub stances. and agricultural and other opera* tiufts that disseminate them Into the envi ronment, ought to bo governed by the level of prudence that Ja demanded by the Inher ently dangerous situation,** Dr. Commoner says. "That w now are discovering, with Increasing frequency, health hazards due to dissemination of synthetic organic sub stances. both In th workplace and the gen eral environment, fs evidence that ure have thus far failed to appreciate the need for such care." It U Interesting to consider that vinyl chloride, in the early days following its die* covt.-y, was actively considered as an anes thetic (or surgery. But animal teats showed that Lie gas caused heart Irritation, and It was abandoned tor that use In favor of other substance*. However, many anesthetics In use today are chemically related to* vinyl chloride-and there is growing evidence that (hey aren't without harmful aids ef fects. For the past several years, for example, there have been scattered reports of U1 ef fects sidfered by those who administer anas* thesla and among others continually ex* p9id anesthetic gases while working In r:>pi;U operating rooms. tt baa also been known for w<r.i time that there Is greeter* lhan-expecled Incidences of spontaneous abortion among female anesthesiologists and nurse-anesthetist* and. more tellingly, a greater than expected rate of certain type# of fatal candor among anesthesiologist* of both eexci. iThere fs no evidence that such anesthetics pose long-term dangers to surgi cal patients. Ilirih Defects One recent survey of nurse-anesthetists In .Michifin showed that ot those who . worked in the operating room during preg- * n.-tney. more than IS* delivered Infants uh birth defect*, compared with a birth- i f'-'ec; raie of under S5 among nurse-anee- [ <ht:,:* who stopped working during their t tW't.tr Turn to Fupr if, Coln/nn J i BFG28824 23957000 rle:irch hiazards:Scientists lake Another Look at `Safe' Chemicals yfum Firji I'nfrr Baaed on previous, Icis-coneluilv# tvl* \ gnarcy Other surveys have found hJ.gh- dent* linking arsenic with cancer, ihe Na- j er-ihjn rv.pei'ted rn;->s of m*c.friae and tional In*:Cute for Occupational Safety and i >LillS>r:n.x zrr.arx i*e wives nt ;tft#*thy':oto* Health ln*t January recommended reducing pits. even thrugh these wives presumably maximum levels u( arsenic >n the ate of fac didn't enter an operating room until the tories from the present 0.9 milligrams per tsme of their deliveries. One explanation ad' cubic rr.eter of air to 0.09 milligrams. Indus vanced by observer* is that the aneihesioio- try has opj^ved that reduction, but there Is pit* somho# carried home sufficient growing prepuce on the Occupational amounts of antithetic gas in their breech or SaJety ami Health Administration *.o impose on their clothes *,o affect their spouse*. a "no delectable" limit on arsenic. Studies vi currently under way to deter* Obv*.ou*ty, it isn't enough to learn that mine whether or not the wives of vinyl- workers exposed decades before to vinyl chloride workers hove been effected by min* ute amounts of the gas unwittingly carried chloride, arsenic and asbestos-to asms a few carcinogens -are dying today of cancer I I ; home by their husbands from the plants. Of or of other toxic efleet* of those substances, j particular interest is the rate of stillbirth* But the question of how to go about deter* i and miscarriage* among these women. The mining whether chemicals are indeed lethal studies are by no means simple, since the in the long term is the subject of some dix- irue rate of feta) wastage throughout the na i pule. tion isn't exactly known and therefore a Suggested Solution basis of comparison is difficult. Further One suggested solution 1i to test all more. the women's husbands are also ordl- ! chemicals already lit the workplace and to . narlly exposed to a wide variety of chemi test other chemicals before they are used. cals other than vinyl chlorides, hampering However. Dr. Irving J. Selikoff, an expert direct correlations. There are, of course, other carcinogens, on environmental carcinogens at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, or cancer-causing agents, and toxic chemi claims that this would be "unrealistic and cals in widespread industry use that are scientifically impossible. even more dangerous then vinyl chloride. "Resources are limited," he says, "so we Before the Labor Department began setting can't go charging off In ail directions at standards for vlnyl-chlorlde emissions in .once." instead. Dr. SeUkofi says that he and factories--by an emergency decree In May Dr. E. Ctiyler Hammond, the- chief health , * then ;y a ''permanent" standard e/fee- statistician of the American Cancer Society, next Jan. 1 --It had Issued standards have worked out some tentative testing a January for 14 other carcinogens. guidelines. First, he says, chemicals to be The Implications of afl these studies and tested should be those to which lArge num standards are $lear; Industry %rtfl no longer ber* of workers are exposed. If many con be able to assume blithely that untested sumer* arc exposed to the chemical as writ, chemicals in the work environment are safe be adds, the substance Is an even HketUr simply because they've never demonstrated target for study. any overt harm. Like vinyl chloride, which An example of one such chemical Is car took years to take its loti on worker health, bon black, an ingredient in rubber tires snd.' many chemicals thought to be harmless consequently, a widespread air pollutant. may be equally insidious. This may well "We ought to be taking a took at what's hap mean that there will have to be extensive pening to carbon-black workers," the doctor animal testing of new chemicals before they says. (Scientists currently know that mas are introduced and that workers' health will sive doses of carbon black painted on the have to be continually monitored to detect skin of mice has caused tumors. I Other dusters of disease. The task of such testing and monitoring prime study targets, he says, art substance* whose chemical structure Is "suspi would be mammoth Indeed. There are cur-* cious" (or not unlike the structures of really gj.OCO industrial chemicals. More known carcinogens). than 900 new ones are Introduced every The testing envisioned by Dr. Selikoff year. With an array like this, it's likely that would be a combination of animat trials, la other vinyl chlorides are lurking in the which hundreds of animats would be ex background. Aliicd Chemical Corp. and Dow Chemical posed for long periods to the chemicals being studied, and statistical surveys of Co., for example, recently reported to the working populations that have handled (he Labor Department's Occupational Safely chemicals. There art agenta to which mil' and Health Administration that they had lions of people have been exposed which found excess cancer mortality among work now can be evaluated In terms of long-term ers ai two plants that made pesticides with human experience." be ssys. "The human inorganic arsenic. One study, conducted by dia la there waiting (or us tu evaluate U." Johns Hopkins University's School of Hy (Because animal studies don't always pre giene and Public Health, found that of the S3 dict what will happen in humans exposed to retired male workers from Allied's Balti the same substances, he says, the human more pesticide plant who died between iW monitoring Is essential.) d i*7j. if had died of cancer. At Dow's dtand. Mich., arsenical pesticide plant, ich wns closed down 30 yesrt ago. Dow reftrarchers found that of 1*1 workers who died between tS*0 and 1*72, 97 died of cxn- cr. Bom Ktudies show higher-ihaiwxpectrd rates of conef dem. All o.jv would be uv tin- jv*M*>JlUy (hut some eS--r.:r:j- '.?.* wurkphu* c.tu-c cancer only ,r. with other cfwmicfcis. And tu- ..rar'.-jr, ,i muM worker* to many ch-ti c same tinir would make it dt::.r**;t :* pin point (he offending chemical. The canctr danger of vmv| thl.*ridv was fpoUed only because It eaw'-d r.n ercvetl- ingly rare tumor. Uver angi >;ir<on.. of which there ere only slightly more ifu* i<0 casts in medical literature. !f vuiyt ettiride were lo cause a more common malignancy, such as- U*R cancsfL'lt wuM`: hjv* so ?<*d:ly detected a* a ca.'-ctnwgn. Rut testing ( onty one part cf the prob lem, the other pari being what dj do abcut toxic substances once theJr dangers are ex posed. There's some risk In aimost every activity, meaning that "acceptable" nsks have to be determined for various sub stances. Tor example, even sugar, if in jected In stdflclently large dees, will ciuse cancer In laboratory animals: yet no one is suggesting that Sugar use be drurticelly cur tailed among humans for that reason. To arrive at a balance between risks and benefits, the risks must be fully understood. But very litUe fs known about the dangers posed to workers by the thousands of sub stances they work with, and there is Unit optimism that such substances will be fully tested in the near.future. Government agen cies are understaffed and working with Un ited funds. A Toxie Substances Control Act, which the Labor Department says it needs to strengthen Us hand in controlling indus trial chemicals, is stuck In a House-Senate conference committee. Of course, even if such an act were to be passed, even the most sanguine aren't sug gesting that the workplaces of American In dustry wfU be cleared of danger. Neverthe less. U Is becoming more and more evident that there Is less willingness to accept chemical danger* as simply sn inescapable part of working Ufa. `Whatever happens." editorialises Lan cet, the British medical journal, "the vinyl- chloride episode will have provided a salu tary lesson. It will not be quite so easy in the future as It has been in the pest (or any chemical manufacturer to assume, until proved otherwise, that a chemical :o which workers arc exposed l* caroinoqtrucvJiv safe. There must surely be more systematic evaluation of industrially used chemicals for carcinogenic risk to workers.** gjfcT CGG0J3 BFG28825 23957001 HOHSON HCKINNON A 6 K 70601 JLi U1BM GD/V/J t)<nc Jrmrt ij (hnnfntit\. / */ /; VOUJVNO,^. ** W I\I )\'KSI >A Y, < X *T< )li , 'Iedith Hazards /inyl'Chloride Risks Were Known by Many Jcfore First Deaths V What's News-- ft l * 1 Ilusincss and Finance World-Wide Eiindsiglit Show Weakness NERGY-SAVING MOVES nrc A C-AMI'AMiN-FINANCE Mill. .d ' bolnR studied by the ndmini.i- vanred; the Wntergnte rmer up lri.il In Firms' Systems Aimed Irntion in prcpnrntion for President opened. At Protecting Workers Phe Tip of a Large Iceberg Ford's economic speech. Possible conscrvnlion moves suf'^cslcd to him include boosting shnrply the tox on gasoline and seeking standby au thority to ration the fuel, cncourag. Ifuuxc and Senate conform-? l*;r-d ir,*- way for pnsH.ii'A Ihh month of : bill Ir# ti nance prrsiilrntial r|rrtinn> w.th I up Jr funrln. ARroemr-nl wax rearhr-,1 n> .ill krv ; i 'sue* after Senate (Jehg:(|-.% up tr,m. fight U* partial public funrlin* >4 eon^rrs i [t nt. \ .[ 1 Ing car pools and discouraging un> Hy BaMV KfUMRA furr Itff'.orf %t tt wiu sum* jsettub A few work* before Christmas in I9t*, *atI Porks, then 24 years old, signed on a* necessary auto commuting, and tax. ing nonossontial use of electricity and natural gas. Tho rosurgcnco of Interest In conservation comas as of hctpcr-trAinc* ot the large B- F. Goodrich ficials warn further production cuts fe. plastic* factory In Louisville, Ky. The and price increases by oil exporters lent bad been making polyvinyl-chloride are possible. t&rtlc from vinyl-chloride gas since before (Swr i Poye 3) he war. using a process developed by Good* t* Ich In 1M7. High oil prices don't threaten Il was a growing Industry lhal Mr. Parks world depression or finonciaJ col olncd. Polyvinyl chloride-dubbed PVC for lapse, Trerssiry Secretary Simon horl-had found special, but limited, appll* said, backing away from the admin lion* In the war years, especially aa a (reproof coaling for electric wiring in (ghter piano* and ships. But In the late SiO, so-called vmyl consumer products, istration's tough line. 'Hiere isn't any immediate need for new mecha nisms to handle huge oil-money nade from PVC, began coming Into vogue: nd by the lime the 1960a were under way olyvfnyl*chloride products such as contain* Rows, he added. piory WlPo* 2) ra, phonograph records and curtains were Shelving tho tax bill until after taplea In American households. the elections is planned by House The basic Goodrich process, still In use Ways and Means Chairman Mills. oday, pipes vinyl-chloride gn* Into large re That further dims chances of such legislation clearing this Congress/ i i jslanal races. Besides full funrling of presi dential primaries and general eln-tiraix .he h Mai * compromLv* hill would limit spending ,n cnngrnu4onal races and put ceilings on un ' \ TllC .hr irilxitlun*. A eommiHMi-a with suh|>enM power would be set up to enfriree ihc law Ford Mp|io.v*s pxbful /ondi/iq nt -ihi/ elctiYMS, but rknneen that he lumht A\vnii>i- l<i! sign the bill nnyvay \cere impravra r# MetUm Of sirrk financing of cornier* IViti:'- j simat race*. Hie Watergate rnverup trial of h f; i Haldeman, John Mitchell. Juim Knrh* < Robert Mardlan and Kenneih ParK..i.ei opened In Judge Sirica's court in V. ...> ton. Sirica told prospective ,*jxr* gu v ! >: miRht have to serve beyond the Cha-ia.ix season. The case of one olh*.r def* Gordon Slrachaa, has been severed Charges against Charles Colson uv-r* I I j no v.vI^vn as vmie-H. rx|to-neo- , p m trfcii.i dropped when he pleaded guilty to s choree 1 .i- m.ye vi In the F.llsberg ease, Kord'i derision lo testify in person lxfore a House Judiciary subcommittee almut the Nixon pardon was applauded by m.my j j Afler ii *. hiur. fr.en ,i 1i<n *T, ires ' numbers of Cnngrexs. Hul .Vmtle v.liniie. 1mn |/*uder Mike Mansfield said he hoped prcM- Thi- irt.d . This is (hr first of fuv stories concern ing implications of the discovery that iHnyt chloride can cause cancer. ctor vessels; there, the gas is agitated toether with a liquid and catalysis. The pro- causes polyrr^eri ration, a linking to* (Story on hoge 7) Higher freight * rates will be sought agnin by railroads, except for the Chcssie System. Other South ern, Western and Eastern lines want deatlul icsllmony "wouldn't become a habit." W>:AI*ONS TOST KSTIMATKX were ritled li.v tlie iVnlnRon dur lo Intlntlim, The Defense Department lnrre:t.Hii us estimate of the cost of 12 major programs Iu*i; Aire d.i>*s small invrslnr own his >h..re >! Its citra Ir i-i lvrd.y v M.t t i'i hi mules ns*r.' J. ill's iiklustn of (he molecules of the gas ( moni.... i Into the long chains lhat give PVC la olymcri It* strength and other desired haractcrinUcs. he Uni Vearw In his first years with Goodrich, Il was 'art Park's Job to crawl In.side the reactors fter each batch of PVC wax drained off and o chip away lhat portion of the polymer hat had eimgealed fluring the hour-long ask, repealed several times In the course of n eight-hour shill. Mr. Parka ami other I'orker* who performed the same funellon /ould unavloilably inhale the heavy, sweetra-IMns fumr* si M\,1-cYwride g#.a h*t ad exsped polymerization. As the ittOs went by and the IMO* began, Tarl Parks was working his way up lo the 3b of foreman, a pnst that he had attained / the lime that ill health forced nt* early eUrement in the late puuv*. In the years e had worked with Oodrieh, (he PVC boosts up to 7% as of Jan. 1, but ex pected shipper protests could delay the effective date. (S>ry oa Poge J) r* Volkswngonwerk and other com panies have been discussing sharing an equity stake in a car plant that VW is thinking of opening in tho U.S. Some of those companies aro under stood to bo American. (Story oa Poqr 4} i American Motors and United Auto Workers bargainers tenta tively Agreed on a two-year contract that seems to meet almost every union demand. Workers, on strike since Sept. 1G, could be back on the job Monday. 614.91 billion, or about J.Vi, Most nf the boost resulted from tlie l*entac<n's switch ing to a "more realistic" infl.iiiun factor nt lift; Inflation has been figured M only about tft. T'*`0 key programs, the Ri ( nils. Ill.slc t'l l#vn at J iki T- ir-Mling *-> -'i W.'i >'.i II wasi'drn|-|iil bi-ka. * bomber and the Trident missile submarine, IImh Ikd II l.o" were up more than U billion each. The esti Nil every*im mates were given tn the Pentagon's April- extra half Is-ur June quarterly ' report lo roogresstnnaJ ymiiitf hmk.-r n armetl .services comniiilees. 20(hfl..e vi!.-- Hie higher rs/iiiififea in/f force the Pierce. Fi-nn.-f a Fqit>if}'* to cut back stiuir vrn)*$n here c.iH.il ihi! priMjrnins, ft also iciff firnitip< defense after MV he ytitnuers to raise their hudgtl request lenee, lh--o t.**#*;*.- fvrn,4; year. fi>ai effort more difficult, qiuifird: "1 tlidi. 99 9 10." A Tt'HKlSIl AIOIA f't'TOKF wus re- Rxrhaoge te i tnliietl hy the Senate despite a vein (lireat, later cJ.-s.ng in- - iYesiih-nt F>vd warned lhat he won't West Ovist ir .1 sign a hill containing an uneiirKilMon.il ban ury Ole, Caht on military aid to Turkey because It w-'iiM nent firm .ds.**- iiy flourished as thousands of new uses vere discovered for the polymer. (Story Wiftog* >1 "destroy any Impr" that the U ft. could help extra had hiHir arr;uige a l*yprux pr.ii-e. The Denus ralie lliere Noextri. On March J. 1911. at the age of 60. Earl North American Philips officials and the (t-piihllrun leaders In the Senate u/ftee ihmog ih *rks died of angiosarcoma of the liver, a ype nf Ciwer that Is Invariably fatal. Ills rath attracted Kant public alienilon at die me, but hrlay the dgniMe.ince of Mr ark's lllnevs Is unquestionable and ehaitrrg In its !mpll<lhnx for Karl Parka eame > lx one nu*cr |iti*Mc In turning a hy|ih- ds Into a reality Vinyl chloride can came sneer. eadly StutMIra Tlx link Ik-Iw i *-n iiuglo' r< immii nml inyl rhl-ilde I- ' .....................I by mh.-r were charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission with using IniiiW knowledge for lhair own gain in buying Magnavox shares before North American announced its offer for liml stock. The lliroo defendants nrc corporate-staff mrntltcrs. (bwr ni*gr h 99 SF.C pressure an the securities iti liriLy In crnilii u single national huJh urgni their rullrng.,0* (a rm-onslili-r said that aUsd 1 the bin. t<-ird MiHulay, toil Senutnfs re- len id-* the ' fiiMil Ihe ph- Hie pr.al -fon would end H S srim ......... . m .i*y i.iuiilry using iiiem offensively || a all.n lied in rrv.|ull,.n In nsillmie (iiimIio,; ,d yenr's level (,.r pr"gr.uns iw.Mimg new ajpro|riali..ns, in eluding fnrelp.il aid. An * m 1 111v- d !*- ' '*' M.ue II.iM h- ............I.. ' j, ,\1 !-.. i* i 1 lie S, H.i/r fit 1/tur <irti.ni m ! . sir I hoc fnreuin <nd hilt hv rrtfm nm/ m>.dMi/ cuts'm /lie <,<,,"><,,( t,r .n.l. d h,, fhe ....................... . t Kti.al ..I ...... .,i.i . i * 23956000 BFG28826 Hr "' i**' t***' M`"". - v,kln( lll lf '*' I" lh* 4* *g . |..-4 Ihrtl Nr hull nll.ilit'-ti WESvtoi lh( III In'"'"* I'" I"* '"flX l ** |VA< ,n ,lw 1^ IwH *wk'il wllh t:.vlrirti, (hr l`VC IndiHry "* thMisaiMls <4 new uwi wrTt flWovcn-rf for Um* pntymer. On March >. 1*73. at the *ge of M. Furl parka 1lcd of angiosarcoma of the liver, a type of cancer lh.il la Invariably fatal. Ills drnth nltrACIctl scant public attention nt the time, but today the slgnlflennce o( Mr rnrk'a Illness Is unquestionable nnd shatter ing In Ita Implication*. For Fori Parks came to be one more statistic In turning a hypoth esis Inin a reality: Vinyl chloride con cause enneer. TVA4l1y SIMtsllcs The Unk between angiosarcoma and vinyl chloride Is further buttressed by other deadly statistics. Seven of Mr. Park's fellow Aillt'l l uu iiimiM > ................... Auto Wurkrr* lwrt<iiiiinr* li-ntntivriy nKrn'il on n two-yi-nr conlrncl thnl nt-ma lo im-t-l nlmoal evi-l-y uiln tli'iiwintl. Worker*, on ntiikn *inrn JVpt. 1C, could In buck on Uio Job Monday. (Vaironhwr M North American Pliltlpa official* were charged hy the tV'Curitica nnd Exehnngn Commission with using insider knowledge for their own unlit in buying Mngmivox slinrca bofore North Americnn announced its offer for thnl atock. The three defondnnts ore corpornlc-atnff membors. (tiorvonCoee/l SEC pressure on tho securities industry to create a single national entity to clear stock transactions op* f|reW < /f*H 1 M4<(l ifl/tU Mil A TlitHIHIf All'll < I T<Hr ta f*- iNlunl ljr tli^ Vimlf iff'l'll* a vrln Ihrmi. Kf>l wrn*-l thnl wn't kfgn a Mil rnntiiliilng an imrmulHVmn) linn mi iitllltnry kid M Turkey II wnil4| "(Is-xUiry miy Ivtjw" thnl IIh* II ,X 4'nulil lirlp nrriingf Cyprus Th* In-iiMM-rniti- nml llir It* |Mtill ;n ir.nlrrn In Hm* Xrnulr IhiIM urijnl ilH-lr ritilr:tgu*<4 in rr,4*m.sl<|ir (hr h.in, v-u-41 M'tfwl.y. Iml Sf-n.ilura rr- fuiitl Dm* |*lr *. Til" pf>vl;l*m wotiltl rml tl.H. nrmx mIiI|>iimii{x tn nny rnmitry uxlng lh*m ollia-Jvly, II w.i.i niliirlirit lo a rf.wilullon Id i-itfiiinip fumUpf .it Ifint yrar'a IrVrl for prngrnmx ;iw:uilMg n<*w nptimpri.iltonn, In* chilling fnrrlgn nhl. Fkr fir'Kofr viHtfhf In ;nr nrf inn on m N<`tr fnfrifjM-nttf bill hit n-qutnHQ inmilhhf rut* in thr it mount provided b v fbr rnifiHwiHj| rro^Mtion. A nitnff nl nrmx nlil In OtHf* nlno wan adopted. 5cn.alnr.i approved an Amendment <|IH)1*4 | UMMt W.M Kxrtoege teait*- |.a*-f < V. Mf>. Mitt* Wi-4 t ir !;*. tury cVy. r.iiif. nnd firm vlstwi-l extra K*H h-mr. * IIm i" S>i *-dr:i raffia e 4m1u(; III ' said tld ;iland It . ten ,iIm< Ihe edr "As M mailer mysr-lf.** he said Mnxe Hailed ti* ** ,Si*me Indu-lrt- half lev was a extra l^nn.'^ri dniu* Jhrrwi.'-e.'' man fVt-xi-l Da "I think this \ Imhidry A.-vsni l.ii esi >jg>r,eter of i- workers At the Goodrich plant also con pears about to be eased. Many in the by Sen. Kdward Kennedy <D.. Maas.i slat* ham Jkwd. "It -at!; tracted the disease, and five have died. In industry scorn unhappy with the So* ing that the Chilean military junta was en little bit hrlps ll All. there have been 1 documented Anglos* curities and Exchange Commts* gaging in "gross vlolalions" of human Dus murh every Arcomn eases In the U.S. In recent yeArs. all of them linked to vinyl chloride. In Addition. 10 other cases hAve been reported In Bu- rope. Will* the lotAl number of cascs Is small, sion's policy change, arguing that a unified system Is needed to cut costs. (SlcrytAPop 17) righLx. About $|$ million of assistance will be nllected South tlelnamev President Thleu an* sailed the cut In U.S. aid as a broken prom ise. Congress has reduced arms aid to 1700 today's extra v J 37m.fro to $wcome to the men- TrJd about ih linn tn the lor. the Industry h.\s been shaken to Us roots. The disease now Is known to work Insidi- dy. slowly, during decades of exposure. Implications being that the cases thus *r are qiite Ukely only the tip of an ice* berg. Nine companies, with 11 plants and t<0 employes, currently produce vinyl chlor* Ide monomer from ethylene, a pelrochemi* cal. The monomer. In turn, is used by 21 companies operating 3ft major plants and employing $.000 workers, to make more than five billion pounds of PVC annually. (World wide production Is some 1ft billion ' pounds annually.! Even .the five billion pounds of PVC an* nuaOy produced In this country Isn't enough to meet Jhe domestic demand for the plastic Into which PVC Is formed. From 3.000 to 4,000 processors, employing an estimated 700,000 workers, fabricate the plastic Into a wide variety of products ranging from vinyl floor tiles to shower curtains. According to a study done for the Society of the Plastics In* % duslry by Arthur O. Little Inc..,as many as J.J million jobs depend on polyvinylchloride plAsUc. U PVC were banned, the study SAys, the annual loss to Industry in sales and pro* Merrill Lynch's net was "up sharply'* in the third quarter from the year<arlier $4.5 million, tho ae* curities*flrm holding company's top officer said. The surge is in contrast to the industry's current financial pinch. piory oaP99 17) t Construction spending in August fell 1.3% from July end 2.2% from a year before to a 3134.4 billion see. sonally adjusted annual rate. It was the thrid consecutive monthly drop as the home building slump contin ...ued. iSlwronPof, 17) Virginia Electric was awarded a 397.7 million temporary emergency rate increase; it had sought a 5)27.3 ...million boost. |SIH, million this fiscal year from the $12 billion budgeted, and the administration requfst of J71S0 million of economic aid Is expected to be halved. Thleu. in a broadcast speech, also denied corruption charges and said h will seek a third term next year. Deputy Defense Secretary William Cem ents arrived in Saigon to assure Thleu the Ford administration will continue to push for more aid. Clements flew in from Bang kok, where Thai officials asked for U.S. help in setting up iocal munitions factories. Republican Representatives would be permitted lo hire more staff members and younger GOP Congressmen would have a say In the hiring, under a proposal approved by the Howe. It is considering alternative plans lo reorganize Its committees, and the vote was seen ns % victory for backers of a less drastic revision. A Democratic Congreaxman from New York. Bertram Podcll, pleaded guilty on the ninth day of his trial on charges of using his position lo help a small airline In return for scoffed. 'I thiol slalrmmt I dor. ' I OrwiT neecs.ar ing would have ' the ajI/a hall h" At Memll Lyr vice president. time -Would h.ivthe nurket -it'll minutes." The r Mid, was "mixffeel ilH make m up the so-called t il Is. But. aclja new, so it may lo get used to 'Jus One industry stock brokers n* b.ibies-LVy wm <fy-" If they do, it ume cn the Amr JVV from this York Sock R\rr the orer-the-er,:. Amex floor, broof a broker tr- ductIon would be some 111 billion lo $90 bil lion. (The Manufacturing Chemists Associa A Shell Oil unit was ordered by the Environmental Protection $41,330. Sentencing was set for Jan. ft. grosord only Ji fourth the daily tion estimates the whole**1# annual value of All PVC products Is $3 billion./ Emergency Decree \ At the moment, no one believes the 1ft* dustry will suddenly come to u screeching halt. However, nfler the first humnn rnsea df vinyl chloride-induced angiosarcoma Agency to slop making Aldrin and Dieldrin for most uses because of evidence the two pesticides may ...causa cancer. (Story OA^oee 7| were disclosed, the Labor Department's Oc* Vinyl chloride levels in the air *cupatlonol Safety and Health Administra workers breathe must be reduced tion Imposed a temporary emergency stan- ird for PVC factories: thenceforth. OSHA eerced, the jwrmifsible level of vinyl chlor sharply, the Labor Department or dered. The ruling for the gas, which ide In the air of such factories would be 30 has been linked to liver cancer, parts per million. That level was far below brought a auit from the plastics In the Industry standard, In effect for years, dustry and protests from organized of $00 parts per million. labor. OSHA's emergency decree was made last May: Since then, animal research found ...(Story Nelann Rockefeller's nomination to be Vice President has been opposed by the great majority of letters received by the Senate panel considering him. Chairman Howard Cannon tD., Nev. i said. He added that much of the letter willing appeared to be organized. A new ami (tntenl fin from New Zealand called the Port Chalmers Flu Is likely to strike all of the U.S. except the Northeast and Middle Atlantic regions Ihis winter, the National Center for Disease Control said In Atlanta. # American cmqdea plan smaller famihrx than they did a year ago. the Census Bureau pay him if he * "Utde.id nf taurint, my fn< (Mt-'em-aml-N-.i: you cal standii place f*ir the rh* Tlxn It lx th nancUl <llslrii t rent volume ar.<: began last wuh from the t!*7.t drop in the s brokemge hou>. In the Big > nlly, more th salesmen have .done, dropping that tumors develop at $0 parts per million. Markets-- ` Yesterday, OSHA Issued a new permanent strt-i,,: Volume lS.SfO.OOO shore.. Dow Undnrd rrqtftring employers after Jan, t, Jones Imluslriols SOI.S3, off 3.0ft; tronsporls. |tT&. tr reduce esfvisure tn one port jvr mil lino 127. is. nil I; miiuirs no. il, oft 0 ,7. reported. It said every 1.000 married women aged IS ift surveyed expeel to have a total of 2.:.TM t-hiklrrn. Sis h expectation* a year ago were 3.aw children, and In IW7 they were ,1P0 At the end ro.ono In the la; Dav.ml, Mr P /`Jomc rv/it lion tn factory air. nverageil over rthl If.sills: !)uw Junes to IhiikI* si.jo, nil 0. IS. .1,11* 4-blldfrn. * hours, and five parts per million averaged ContiiSNlllle.f Dow Jones futures Inrlex over any period no longer than 1$ minutes 31, 51. ell t.W; spot lodes .Utl.tl, up I.T3. Ili'rfu'ri Frilcrnl empInyeN got a A VI fmy In Ige* story on page it.) Whiie conxldri ahiy crease. reluctantly orderel by l-rcsldcnt //'xf#'i/ ,, more stringent than the emergency decree^ the new permanent Mamlnrd-particularly with Its five-parts prr-mllllon provision and Its allowance of averaging-nevertheless falls short of the "no detectable" limit advol calrd by unions, many m- ileal experts an^ /Verne Turn fo Pope ff. Column t TODAY'S INDEX iArttgW Ut<M Ka4 U*W>9 3) lrtw Bvinvii 77 73 f&rq* (ilHon^g .. Tfl CMWtotftlift . }4 *oi 77 Coriptltont 4 0<T>4fft4Ntvt 31 fAts9\ OiOVU ... 1ft jdtforolft ................ 17 to* tAorteii 75 30 . . 7) ' 77 Ford a/ter the Senate refused lo h-i him delay It three month* to fight Inflation Ford was free In se| Ihe amount, nnd he rlmse the figure proposed by the budget office r-tlhcr than two other organisation*' higher recom mendation*. The raise I* supjaised to keep federal pay pn a par with thnl In Industry. lla-rhert > Uw I'rrsntf A.hlA.Ts, h Jmt/ntl'.N H hrsj rntmUilv hvial pagr i ------------"Y 239560 BFG28827 Tlli:\VAI.I.srKKKTJOUKNAI.,Wnlms(|;iy.Uii.Z, -lealth Hazards: Vinyl-Chloride Risk Was Known 3y Many People Even Before the First Deaths i'untimtrjyrtjm f'lril /*iU? MOW 10 Al A* Itfl.n > w.0> Will i (t, utxHil an idmnrnudiy high number of Met*, leading 1u degeneration of the Ihow-s ill *uch groiqi* a* the National for Or* rich wurkera wlm had llvi-f dl:w-o.e. When the (l|M of tin* finger* mid Cries In those ex- npMhxvd &ife|y And Health, nnd (hi* he heard Hint Mr. Park* had died, hr re- l*ixix| to high levels *4 the monomer. (End*- American Owmlent $nrlrly. This nn -deleft- ndlx, ho naked In jw-e Die :inl-|v<y r**|nrt. Htoivi <4 vtnyl rhl'H Me ;*re generally lower \ble limit would have rnnManl, not average, It wax tn August 1973 that Dr. Oeech ut plants wlH-re the monomer, or g;m. I* sdhrTanre |o onc-p.irt-per-mllllnn level*. learned tlml Mr. I'nrkx had dh-il Die pre m.iik-, Jibin' (he proms* |* |r*x complex, Therefore, H seems certain that the argu vious March of angiosarcoma of (hr liver. ami there |x less change for leak* than nt ment wml aMir. The (Vk-fnr says hr (hen re.dtxrd (hat Mime- Die |*lymerlA'l*n plant*; none nf Dm* re- Ax U>r nmtruversy continue*, It l* reveal thing wn* seriously wrong, since aiioDirr |Mirle<l mtgt'Euiri ohm cum-*,In IM* country ing In examine how the link between vinyl (tiMilrlrh I'VC worker, a private patient of tuix nrnirrni among worker* making vinyl- chloride mJ cancer won established. If Or. CYrech, hail siici-umlunl la the same chlori'le monomer, and only one <4 the ID nothing else. such nn examination points nut the grave weaknesses of the present system --or lark thereof-of protecting workers and other* from Industrial hatards. The Judgment Is made In hindsight, hut type of cancer in 1071. Dr Creech says he knew that liver angiosarcoma 1* exceedingly rare nnd (hat two case* among surh a small plant population wa* abnormal. (In fact, medical men estimate that fewer than 30 di-atli* tn Europe wa* In a monomer plant, i In early pws7. the Manufacturing Chem- 1*1* A.-vie1al1nn arranged wilh the Univer sity of Michigan In study acrnnntenlysl* among vinyl-chloride workers, particularly the history of vinyl chloride shows lhal cvl- case* occur each year In the U.ft., striking dence of It* toxicity was often Ignored. only or* In 900.M0 persons.) What** more, the chemical companies Dr. Creech met with Goodrich'* occupa knew, but kept secret for at least six tional health director, Dr. Maurice N. John month*, the feet that Itntlan researchers son, who subsequently decided to ask Taber- those wlm rlrancd the reactor vessels and other* wlm were exposed In large concentra tions of vinyl chloride In the air. The Miehl- gan scientists reported In 1970 that although they couldn't pinpoint vinyl chloride a* the had shown that rats develop tumors, Includ- shaw-Cooper Associates Inc., a Berkeley, lo* anglonarcnma, when exposed to low Calif., cpidcmloinglenl-xludlea concern, to s of vinyl chloride monomer. European do a survey of Coodrich death records. Hut panic*, which paid for the *nimal re- the study wo* hardly needed: on Dec. 19, a csrtA, knew of these research findings for third PVC worker t the Lmisvllle plant cause of the disease, worker exposure to the monomer should be cut to so parts per mil lion or hetow. Other than Dow, whlrh had already Insti tuted reduction* In air level of the mon more than a year before the first human died at the age of M; he htd been at the omer, the rest of the Industry In the U.8. Ig cases were reported but didn't reduce the plant for 2ft years. nored the recommendation. Nor was there expo*urc of their workers to vinyl chloride. Public Announcement any significant reaction to findings by Euro Rut Dr. Irving J. ftcllkoff, an expert on environmental carcinogens, or cancer-caus- log agents, claims that blame shouldn't be placed at Industry's door alone. "We're all a bit responsible," he says. ".None of us did our homework.** Culpability, he says, should be shared by scientists, government agen* eiea and labor unions. The case of Carl Parks Is Illustrative. Mr. Parks first came to the attention of Goodrich medical people in 1944. when the On Jan. 22 of this year, Goodrich officials met in Washington with officials of the Na tional Institute for Occupational Safely and Health and informed them of the three an giosarcoma deaths. The following day. Ken- lucly occupational-health officials also were Informed and Coodrich made Its first publie announcement. Almost since !U first commercial Intro duction. there have been reports that vinyl chloride is toxic above certain 'levels. In pean Industry that animals developed ad verse effects from vinyl chloride. This was at least partly because (he Europeans down graded the Importance of some of their find ings. For example. Prof. Pier Luigi Viola, a medical director employed in Italy by $ol* vay 4 Ge.. the Belgian chemicals company, found bone changes in rats exposed to air levels of 30,000 parts per million of vinyl chloride; even more Important, he found that vinyl chloride at lhal level caused ma company, concerned about the known liver deed, during World War II, vinyl chloride lignant tumors In the ear canals, lungs and toxicity of ethylene dlchlorlde <a chemical was rejected as a surgical anesthetic be bones of rales. from which vinyl chloride la madei tested cause animals developed hesrt trriUUon Prof. Viola reported Ms findings before the Uver function of workers In the Louis when exposed to It. In 1949, Russlsn scien an International cancer congress in Houston ville plant. tists reported "hepatitis-like changes" In In 1970. It was the first reported link be Mr. Parks'* readings were abnormal. the livers of 23* of the workers in small tween cancer and vinyl chloride. But the Nevertheless, he continued to work at the PVC plant. professor expressed doubt about the purity same Job. In October 1944, however, he was hospitalised with-what was Initially diag nosed as a bleeding ulcer. Doctors treated the "ulepr" without surgery, and Mr. Parks was released. He was readmitted to (he hospital (he fol lowing May, and the decision was made to Then, In the late 1930s, research toxocologists at Dow Chemical Co. showed that ani mals exposed to as few as 100 parts per mil lion of vinyl chloride (or too molecules of vinyl chloride In every one million mole cules of air) developed slight liver damage. Based on Its research, Dow began a pro of the vinyl-chloride gas he had used and 'staled lhal the rat cancer findings, because they occurred at such high levels of the monomer, had no human implication*. (Prof. Viola subsequently found tumor* In rats exposed to 500 parts per million; but this fact wasn't revealed until well after the operatd. But when the operation was begun, surgeons. Instead of finding an ulcer, found instead that Mr. Parks's probtem resulted from severe liver damage, which had caused blood to back up In the porta) vein `-adlng Into the Uver. The surgeons cop ied the vein problem with la shunt and jk a sample of Uver tissue for analysis. The analysis showed that the Uver had been damaged by exposure to "chemicals." Can cer wasn't mentioned. gram In the 1940s to reduce the level of vinyl chloride monomer In the air of Its plants to below 30 parts per million. Dow published Its results In 1961. But the rest of the industry chose lo rely on a Yale University study that recommended 300 parts per million as a safe level. This same level had been recommended by the Manu facturing Chemists Association since 1934. was affirmed In 1942 by the American Con ference of Governmental Industrial Hygien first human angiosarcoma cases were re vealed. ) Tito Research Goes On Based on Prof. Viola's early cancer find ings in rats. Montedison S.p.A., the huge Dalian* chemicals company, in 1970 asked Cesare Mallonl, a respected researcher at the Institute of Oncology in Bologna. Italy, lo do more extensive animal elude*. By Oc- , tober 1972, Prof. Maltonl say*, he had found (hat 2Ti0 parts per million of vinyl chlonde * (According to testimony at<OSHA'i hear ists and was given the force of law by OSHA produced tumors in rats tn three parts of ings on vinyl chloride, held iaat June and In I97|, However, evidence at the 0$HA the body: the ear canals, kidney* and the July. Mr. Parks received a total of almost hearings Indicates that this level was regu liver. The liver tumors Included iingiosar* 44,000 in workman's compensation from larly exceeded unlit this year in many coma. The professor Immediately Informed Goodrich before he died, but only after plants. (The hygienists* group didn't recom his sponsors. Goodrich protested that his Illness couldn't have resutlvd from exposure to the cheml- mend lowering the level to 200 parts per million unit! lO'J. four years after Dow con Tl>c European* offerrd their infnrmnUnn lo the Manufacturing Chemists Association cal.I cluded from further texts that repealed ex In 'the 11.$., tint only If the Americans guar It was an ateri Lotisvllle doctor who first posure by workers to vinyl-chloride mon anteed confidentiality. With grr.it reluc made the connection between angiosarcoma omer at an average of 300 parts per mllUcn tance, the association sr.yx. It finally agreed and vtnyl chloride. Dr. John L. Creech, who or above for a working lifetime could eause In the secrecy condition "because of the for years ha* treated workers jnl to him changes tn the liver.) vital Importance of learning of any Indica by Goodrich on a fee per patfenf basis, had During the JOOOs, (here were reportj of a tion* from the European research . . . with followed Earl Parka's case for some lime, disease called acroosteoiysls among vtnyl- out (he delays which could have resulted even though he wasn't treating Mr. Parks. chloride workers. The disease consists of from duplication of effort." Or. Creech says he had been concerned skin lesions and changes In the blood ves- On Jan. Jrt. 1973, a year before the first Sharp Drop in Vinyl Chloride Exposure human angl*irrom* cases were rc|vr|et by B. V. Gixvlrich, Ihe MCA finally got the Maltonl data. For five months, the secrecy rcstrlillon* were such that government Is Ordered by Labor Agency for JVorkers agencies. I'VC workers exposed In vinyl chloride nd even eon|HHiy d<Htors were Itcpl In Ihe dark. Then, In the lair spring, the Furn(x*noa sgrred (hut ihe Chemi.ds A* Uf W*'l- X)hl t i*n MI. Il4ff WA5lflNITf)N-The f^lior JlepaMmeid ordered sharp redinttun In workers' r|*v sure (a vinyl chloride, whlrfy used Indus trial gn* th.d tins hern linked to liver can cer. The ruling, which mnirs nfier nine .............. "** i....... ............ . .. rnt faO parts per million. Also, M gnvc Its en forcement staff discretion tn determine Iiiiw Die roni|i<uties must meet Die (anditrd. While (lie goid Is lo reach Ihe new levrls through "en|-lneertng and work |U'tM`llre ronlmla," tonil Conlrols must lie deemed "fnitllile," nnd emop.iiilea mil deal will) oii y r, |.,...n , |eim ....... Uf 11I- *| i.re- 4 MM-Iidl<n cisihl pi*a |hr lnf<*rniotl.-n nn to the (1$. National JodUlile fur Oci irii.tlluOal Safely aim! Ileollli. the Udsw Deporluieul itgiitcy lhal monitors worker aofely. (in July D, 11*11, rt-prexenlidlvrs |4 Die a*** In Ih-ii nisi Hie ageuey met. Onn Ccrtuidfy `Hi. in h .......... di ijmfe a- t-i ImI ............ rosiTiuN* t > cc; SYS A mojoi a* looking Ic* lorgc como strong COtion c>? As o I be respom lem dcs: inlerfCKinc Coair'-. wireline > vivobilily voice ccr If yOU rnent one resume ic Bo rKRSON\ t BANKING n\ vI-;11 K %S1 IM MiimI.im.,. 1 A in u-nl *11 l'i lc Ml lVi*- V. , IM t ini 'i' i bPG28828 By Joe Klein He was not unlike the other* who worked the poly vinyl chloride vats. They all learned too late that one man's bread and butter may also be his poison. to. Oofy oner arc | the fact that cl Ma. McGviaa: Ben, I *" o toy one word to you, jut ooe word. Ism: Y* eir. Ml McOutM: An you liateoingl wt: Yea. t Mt Ml McCvm: PtoukL Ba: Exactly how da you mean ihat7 Ml MeCwu: TWre ii great AHi/* i* piSlliCS. --(tea The Graduate | HE MOST TERRIFYinj thing it toe clean- ! lines* M the operation; no bckhia| tmoke*1u. K grime, m sludge dumped to ihv river. fee wo. The fee* iwy it tatiitf M poctM country road ku dtu iwk fmn Uki Erie in Awt Ukt, Ohio The lawns ere fifthly mowed. There are even ftpwen to wefl-maaicered beds. Oa Um from town there a > modest sign with the corporate logo: B.F. Goodrich. front the road, you can tee a mod em building--O* l.F. Ooodrkh DevetopmeM Canter--which smacks of better tiring through chemistry. Behind the uriinical center the factory itself, a jumbri of *U and pipes <*f tonki. vmrtting emalL Wu|a puffs of white smoke, The very model of corporate good citiseiuhia. k would tern Intide the factory, they transform vinyl chloride get, which m e petroleum byproduct, late a powder which it (Be tecond most common form of plastic, polyvinyl chloride. It in miracle pow. der, and when they apeand the factory )uti after World Wcr IJ. the oActob of i f. Goodrich mml have been proud. Here wai a substance iKei oould food would) change the world. It wai cheap w manulacture and St could bo put to a mind-bogglinf array of uses to fact, ibe most ditiiaciive characteristic of dm miracle powder wat the many thinp it could become. Ii could be bard or toft. Ii wat In rttieuaa It wai durable. It couM become upbolnary feat looked like leather or a dear abaci, Bka transparent pluik amp, that looked lilt (ltd sod,crumpled n< paper. ` cumins. credit card* aippta for baby botdca.-cciaffojftr wirna. artiAeUI iwrt cellophane tape ... the lilt ie eodtoa. It it vinueOp impossible ta go day without coming into contact with tame form of potyvmyt chtoridL But there we* seethe* property of polyvinyl chloride that turned out ta be even more remarkable than Re myriad of tarn: (be vinyl cMonde gat, wtocB it the bate for the miracle powder, todwcee a rare form of liver cancer that guar anteed to produce gwiek and painful death. Recently, it killed one of Ibe worker* at ibe B.f. Goodrich plant to Avon Lake, a man earned Outfit Ar thur. How Charlie Arthur was not the ftrst person to die of liver cancer caused by vinyl chloride, and he certainty wont be the last. Hie m >u not much dif. faront thaa the others on meord; bit b/c wat not much different than Bit other workers' at Avon Lake. He waa 47 yean oM, a good employes, a de voted husband and father. He Sued to a entail ranch house on e Rtriei street. He w*t never arretted, never earned much of a stir of any kind. In fact ten b lint* that dettingunhea Charlie Arthur'! lift from mifiona of othuto... which makes hit death all die more frighlearftg. v Vtoyl chloride tsn'l the only chemical canctf.Mo.one knows how, Boom athar ntovaas farta: C>weer it mpooriUt for appreto- mtody one out of every to* *** to 1774, as estimated 351.400 p*ofto toad of )L More people arc dying of cancer off the time. Through the early (he caacer rate ustrvt--<1 at abewt awe perccat per year- 1* the first ie*e movH of 1775, though, there *m a ejar Map: toe rale toenwad by Bm porocnL Pan of tbc reason for the no! tocicaae it that people are Ine-- end. because of rtt long uindtoIton period, cancer n a daaac at dl age. But another iumb ftf the liurrrwae rob*My can be traced to Ibe tovotoaelias of all them mw ryntheik cberwaB ew toe tod SO yean. ft b genereffy speed among semw- ties tost 10 to TOW of eg maBrs are probably envbonmenuBy onto. ft Baade to reatoe toil Ibe people too tm for peatofl tuk of gentog eanoa many chemicals Cause cancer. Eaperta tamed by these oew chauato are toe onl even agree on how many chemieab people who deal with toe tocmimlt md raM. Almost every major corporatwo toeefy. Factory workers, tor examfto. hat scientism who ail in labontorim, (Ktooriml footnote: 1975 ww toe to- playing with different combtoaltona of motoanial of lha toacovery of * Misled caneer. to 1775. Perrival Pal or* combination a new chemical, k found caacer of tot ecrooam amnng bipptwi virtually every day. Estimates ckimary tweepe in London. He detomfo range from ntoc new chemicals a week tost dm mi caused by their piuiimiiy (441 a year) to seven) thousand a pear. to opal dost and racaamndod, among And if 1000 new ehemicali are devel ether tobtfl. tost they take baton mm oped each year. Kientha say MY a tale a wodL) WMIc R't toftaili to my bp* bet that si leak s half doom wit! came any workoi die each year of job- totaled cancer, the official gu iimnnnr to lf)3, a Prendmaa named Reg- tbnale for all job-rclaud dutoo h and tret playtog around to hit lab and 100,000 atuHMffy, Beggefog but i "" discovered Woyt chlcridn It waial Mo ld J7 yean toler that a German named TV proUrm it tola: ft b rirruaBy Baum ana exposed tame vtoyl cMorida m me am and found tost b formed a white powder. It wasnl tmlR 1724 dm potaiMa to my for aura whet cum pm mnmr. Vinyl cblaride m to piapoinl thaa mod became h mi-- Or. Waldo Simon, a srieottot working a very rate type of anew. But an tm for IP. Goodrich, ftgumd out that Ibe bmtoo worker dito of Mag cancar. wne powdet couM be wwd coownerciaBy... It toe ubeeloOf or egarenc tfMkoT a aad a completely acv subuaaca. poly cadog inotdly pcanwtrf or jmt brato vinyl chloride, was biroduead toco am dtp afet Yow can foo* thaa M tirimintit Than was an reason ta Bead with a certain chemical get mm itopect. et that point, that when vinyl and die. Yo can show that a carat chloride came to ronncl with living ebemiml esusca meutfoM ie hacMi erfli it tauW came these edit to go bm- Toe can do dcieciiue work end pot tm acri and become canctreuv Since foe and two together and make an *o incubation period for cancer- genemlly cnad gueea but when it copter to canon runs from 15 w 30 yun, ii wat a tong' Ta human, .there'ie mndy.e wnokint time before (he evidence euned coming I ' MsitklMin SL 027*26 23959000 BFG28830 Si'll. !( Ow (iitimiuiM) mi/iki. mdwii mf ikM ifi ocw- mg lb beginning! of > cuni p*tenB imo| thcmcal work**. M epidemic that nay ipH fit and *Hl M geor1 pnpvlaiinn, an ijMiwii *< ** gotcmmcM and big bininoa at* only rttucunily beginning M *0A tiMMitfljf akat < kill kill la welfare i^wV aaya Tony Misectkl, an official of (tea 0d Chemical Md Atrowc Worker* Union. The cook puMi an tubwduad by ftt km cf Iktif arki* Or. more ipIWcJ>y. id the word* W m ad Oiarlit Arthur** friaodi: "& lia wu alvijn at iIm top WdnStltk Charlu kited on u a poly cletner m >bS4. h >u h yob to climb omo tbe earn when the vinyl chloride gac *** heated aid miaed and tramformed into lb* mituk pewter. and ckta (hem. Al ta* a bomb wu oooked. Qwrih wmdd dtmh dow into tha vat with a buck* lid miapct and literally tmpC Aa rmidw* a0 tha walb ao tba al would ha ckaa for tha aext batch. Strange Aingi happened around Am van. Tha vfayl chloride gu wu colorImi aad oderim* to amafl conceotralieu. Ia high concentration^ though, K bad a very dktmct tmeB, a rwoct am*I, "like something m a bakery.* according to one of Charita'l Cricoda. "tike etbtf,a phabcikaby. Ym 1m*. baa teal mm waa Arthur. Aad Ibea Iw tacomw tin ftrw mm of ut to die of thk thing YnwVo golu wonder if 1C pui work li Aal, H n't gome n* right through Ao liai alphabcbcifiy.* When tbe worker* breathed Aa gaa ia high eenceatratioot. u they often Ad. Any got high- Somelima they pamM out completely. The gu wm very add aad Aa Beading rule wu if you B dew* Mo ow of the vita aod yow tep KABUE ABTHUB WAS IhcfuAWmtVUjAIaon aanod teebag sold, aad Aca yor taadefm, m Bare dlmbiag out fax or yoa 1 July 7XU. IW. Mi might aat make R cut at afl. C moth* dM when ba m waa very young *d W laevitaUy, acme of tha guy* cue to enjoy grtlm high oo vinyl chloride. ' wm railed by bk letWr, Tbo wM boo over into (be veta aad i lumberjack. Hh AAcr waa a very idigtom am CWb Ae IMl Ai a locoa|r, ptetty much Ml I* hk own deriem, CWriU dadM join iba Navy mi w Ik world. H waa tiatiened for a while ka Wow York, aa th trooUjra Navy Yard, aad ba rap brutbe deeply... and then do k agate. an"Sadeymitaeougkwhot tuoldagbtolmcocotGa oliokdericikhawteolrikae.r*, "they would breathe it again and again until they paiaad ouka B* even far Am who didot file the gaa. who Were afraid of H. Acre waant all Aal orach choice. Accidenu wen common. Thera idly developed tba reputation vm| Ae young U&a of tba eecnmwaily at were gu lull and people would be ---ytt wothad our haadt ia B," aCntnaovaofwrt*. Hr waa quite kiad ayt Ae worker. *W (warn ia IL* nn* a nUUvBy large a>. jut over h waa certainly curtout aautf, Ak ri- ii fan lak and MO piMb * k >rl ehtMido Ail pMfecily barmleac, Aa learned to know it lia awaggend wb*d even woe M W believe. Tbe foramau iw walked. Hr waa charmmg. if not would mQ iHem. Theret nothing ia Ala elevor ... bkofa Hue. factory Aat can hurt you. If Acre wu, Hr ia (ninferred lo Norfolk, but we wotddnT allow k-" la fact, wbu a itiB returned to Inokljn from lime to time. On om of ibeat trips ba met a aby fill)* blend aamod Helen Fewlack. It wuaT exactly lew# at Int tight--Haioa thought Charlie wu coocchad aad araa wary of ba advance*. but Charlie per- lined aod wirhio a year they wen mar. new wvkae wu hired, he wu given a plant tow aad introduced to Ae vaa. "Leaa over aad amcll that," be would be iold. Thar* vinyl chloride." If Charlie Arthur bad any neervatran* about working with tha magk gao aad Ac miracle pmder, he kept Aem ried in a modal crril ceremony at Hot* to kirndt He and Ktim tented aa folk. Tha Navy bod boon See for negk guy. but now Charik had wife and 1000 tbera wai a baby on tba way. Ha left the service aad for a wbfla ba at identical not ----- te nearby Syria. They raked four chiAau. Ha weal bowling, went ftthrag. ptayod a Httlo golf aad --lutiinw worked at a lira atom in Norfafe The* he aod Helen moved to New York to bo near her family, lot (bora wu oo work o bo had ia New York aod they mooed 10 PeieaeviUe, Ohio, where Charlie bad a liner. She (old them there werv jato in the area and be bamadiaialy found would atop 00 for a boar with Ac guyt aa Ac way borne from work Om would oceoaionafly tefl Aem itorioa of bk day* la Ae Navy. Kkc Ac time be got drunk and wound up ahrpteg te a chtekaa aacp). But mod of bh free time wm apcai around bit home and farniy. He work ia a loot foamy. But bwboaa wae wu devoted to bm chfldm and would bed aod k eaamad tikaly tbo rumpaay tele them u At doctor when ifem wu would clou eo Helen aod Cbarito ban* an emergency, an Ae denttet, every, taking long drive* to die am wot cf when. He dotod an Helen--taking be* Cfavelaod aloof Lake Brie. pute* la bopping, taking out Ae garbage, con- applieatione at (he varioua fodorua tteudy Coding m little Akip be (here and waking. Cvontuaflr ha m- cotdd do around Ae houw to make h ccived a call from the B.F. Ooodrite niaer. Sometime* ha would taro t im plant at Avon Lake. tra money by ptekiag applea te Ae Caodrich waa eomaidered a gmt pirn loaf orchard. > work ie ISou day*. the pay wu bol Each momiag he would kka Helen ter, u wen the friogo banema. Aod the goodbye and go to work. Sometime* Ac work itaclf wu muck prefarable an, my. would bo angry with him and my. *Na, the noko and heat aod obvieue danger* 1 wratk kka you Ak momiag.' And ai tbe U.S. Sled pUat ia aeerby Lorain, he'd uy, "W*8, l might have a ear accw rhrrt wu jbb-aomriry (ha pkatka in- , dent,aad then you'd reafiy be aorry. iimryrwu growmg Bke craxy A'An-h:' wouldn't your Aod Helen would ah :yly_Fifuee way* wind up kuiag him. New fteybcUaride mtiia A*on taka IW year Wfort fiogdricb gmwwcW fltil tbrac ( As voriwn bad M f ga|igs<rcgni, AatricgR chusM auauladurcfs covered ^ tW bnrfid|t Out vinyl chlondt reused renrer- Far 30 yuan,' Acy fved Ske AA Qtea. Ae war A Vkiaaen, Watergate had virtually oo etfect ou Aek Bvaa. Fer }) yuan. Chorda varied A and wuuari Ae on Tha bo wu vwAnef to other Farm of Ac factory away from Aa ea* but b realy made na didrrraru A SklA Mb wtfo, A* chidru. bk frimfi would Atarramemher Aat Chw A Arthur rarely eompUAad about aap- HEN. ON iAMUABY If74, Ae #. Gompeny dropped It announced Aal An* worker* at ba Loutovillc, Kcatucky, polyvinyl chloride plant had died tioce lfTOef a Over cancer called ragiciarmma extremely ran form at cam er. TW company aaid k we* AvmtfgBteg dta TulaiiouhA* between angiaurcema and vinyl chloride. On January tfth. 1PT4, Goodrich re ported Aat a fourth amptoym bad dial cf aagieureouL Oe February ISA Goodrich reported Ae deaA of a 6fA eraplayua. Cm February 21b, the Uoloo Carbidt Corporation reported the dcaA of a vmyl ehtorida worter due to angtoear- Ou March IB, Ac Goodyear Tbe and Rubber Company annouaeud Ae deaA cf a vAyl chloride wetter due to aogjm On March 4th, Goodrich announced cum of 8var angtoureoma A two Bring naatoyma. Oa March Sad, Ooodyear aaaotmeed ram man fataBtim. (A April IM, A* Firmtow* Plutio Company aaaouncud fa fnl man. TW chemical wtmpaaim raid An were tboefcad. They *aW Aey wmdd do cverythiog they could to Atpeuve cam dbkai A A*ir rioyt chloride operadau o peuvem worker mpourea. If they Wd only known, Aey aril, Any would ham moved a tong time began, if An had odytewa... Bm a cam caa la nude Aat Ae anpanteirid know, r m laeat bad atrong tougMng gu At aariy m tfcf, at Sve yaan before Oierfie hegaa dmibAg down Jmo vatt at Ann Btitaiaa aekadBareportedBver damage A*IS A' a opened vAyt chloride woetm. But Am* w*f Bumiao workera, rroi aim. TW taudy waa ignored *' ,**1anoAee Budy found 'repumd aapmwe lideeeWy beAw Aal level Aat h*l btU POO pasta A vinyl Chloride per mOwo part* at air--500 ppm} We bran thowo to bam aa efect cmtha Irar and Ud- acya f laharatary aaimah" TW ua* ym. Or. V. K. Bawu. doing reuarah tor Ac Dow Charnical Company, found Burn damage at fipiwwiu MbB h Aw m 100 ppm A Uborawry aaimah. end Dow dacided to IB a Inal of SO ppm A A pteam. TW Budka untimraA A ItWl aa (talma rnrnutA lAked vinyl iMiHA wkh eaamr A aabnak. In JamteOr W). a pwf of Aarcrkaa dmatiol mum oalAk Dr. Caaarc Malton*, who Acuud Aam dcSaHvu proof Aat vmyl AArida cmaod Bvm canear A rah. Mahoal wmkAgfaragroupafBarepeuchvieal auaufuturaia who waamd bk ladM baft aaouh TW Amiriraa am paatorwrre all too happy te agree a lali yam before Aa OoodriA am ainimmraL Ac tamprake aowrud op Mahaft fodkigi Aat vAyl dtkrida Aad then a cridtaoe Aal, at Au A GoodrichY eaae, Ac cavervp bad Wgw aAe fun oarlkr. ha IMS, a worke Beared Earl hrb at Goodrich1* Lotterile plant And a wurfcatenY aampmee tion clabu tor Bur dhabdkiei enuam: by woetteg wiA vAyl chloride. TW company caamatod Ac daim but ae- baowAdgod Aal b had removed Ferki from tootam wkb vmyl chlocide ho- _ ___ Bate ewkrauY ipcautAh board, Farta aflemptad la Atioduoi pridewoe cf fiver aAnenit among bk toBow emptoynn but Ae .................l StO. Ae Ken- vineed te arter Ae oempany to pay a partial daim. Aa At yuan praprmif. FarWb rrfn ainnif aad Ac amount Ae company wu forced to p*7 Acreaaed. In March 1979, Fart* died ai tngjpmiccmm. Hk wu owe cf Ae Arce detAe Qoadritk reported cn fowuy 23n< IP74. ACX IN AVON LAKE, tbe Goodrich vnktn took A* new* of Ac new ccapaitonat dittau A avidc. TWy would uy to each ether, tan Acre wen pofyvmyl ahlerid) weaken dying of Kw cucu A LouiaNW. hut Aat* am bora. Maybe com dltioae an tefcrwM A Ldukvfla. Meyho Acyv* waew. If Ak Ateg k on aericua, how cstm aobodyY gcoiog rick Wnt Charlie Arthur talked to Hctea about ver canear, but only once. Ha t*M tadaty A UukviBo but Ae company wu going m *pcBd $43 ariMea to im prove oondhteac. ao k wmdd yeobaMy bo al right. TW company would taka mn of mryAieg h ihnyt bad. Throughout 1774, Ac rinyl chlorite bomb coitlioood to explode. Ahnom Aw udiatefy. a became apparent Aat am dy factory work cn wen introuble but Ae general pwNk aa weB.' ~ ~ - Vmyl rhbvrite gu, k wu found, vu $L 027427 1 % 23959001 BFG28831 23959008 883049 Itwto 19 I ,-Bwnq Im |iwi uoq A|M 4MN wq m tfi, M pt M ap .`ami l,*ap t ,'PmO !*- f qWNp ap H Otvatw p PI" *H I JtouiH I *wp V* to|* ** ap a* j* `ARM l I*m Arm. 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PMftiojjMJ n* jaViij ap pm (*iidH Xirenunue^ pirj p*Mim M|iMO ij p pf* tow* n* i*q* a** i *M to Hto P to *|tftoto * P*l P" 040 toiao "a ot ***q tfia toqi ^ todop Mto P" 1P^*P P) mi** to Mto to** qW to* iHjto** ap 1*041 *P to up* tuiApmt nliq V<U tol 'toi*t|d apVtoV BC**X|o4 vt paqaad A|atitiiti n* qa*R* xaqitauad 4 ; l*aa >4R *R* * tomqni Anej HQ poirfto nl apl*top |Auu itp punt) it* p 4([cft)0>3 tpooj japo uo fnttqaad apytfqa (At^pd jo naaja ap hnApfu* ttlaq ipto* Va J tot ei ptuodai *j* tftoptg teaqi -aonbn ap ____ i jotaop *p pm n PI * a** PI* to npmm pm ftpito *P*td *p HpPuHftrompuiiuH'4U*ttonfttoiqpMatoP* `*iu?to PvtSoam atf apuofp |Au Aq pmva <v* nm 14 4**qa p itp pawcai l*to mo 0* to^P* *H B/PD ati jo tmm t tv mho* pi *1 pu* n iqtia . i '4*im taaunu<odda p j W It* R atoP*d*to ftpHij 0 -alutqa to uanto) mouu po amt ap parno Aap itp punt) put tofktoq aftnid qn* ptoBaunndta pq 9|piQ Aatuaqas to Mto PP** ^*P 'map *P to to `Utl *1 `*PV9PP t^toi* to amiod t,up>p to n 'imaiuiodd* ap tn*e 0 p uuoj iaiAjuiai woiu A||tiiuaiad Vn* up :4m to to*} Wf*H 4ttM *0pooa funiliHUBi n* uenuitiww U -w*p powta ppo* aq to MW*HD pv Into M pt*d *to a*q*ww | f)UMst<ed4 Hiaop apta *ss `pytiqa |Au<* lu< *UiO* to t*to **PH PM WM iW ap pm pa**d n*M *** ) P M P H "toto ptiooB *>mi mo g* (P M H ^ MP* gp V| anil* * N ^**"11 *** OHIO put .Mptqitoutoi ap M "B iu 'ftuip Iuoj* >q> lto>w " fto> Miaiw tpinap tot **r>to>u0M M* ---- 1 *am mi#** ap pmtV pttiuuo toatpoad |toen* jo fpwtiq 42 jo ptaw ap paatnmm wiwttfU'wpy lu<l put peaj.ap *qui Mv "O -ttw uf aaama * to laup M to* *--q* pa* tlidd OOP jo utfiwitaaMO apyutqa )AM aq pnv* iptoJ ap InM|if| [r>dA< a ay ip"tM 0C to paAwdi tiu Awdt toooi Midaqiu* |tMdA| oa tap p*up Hp Apto* PUUMH wily utotaa* ^umiy tMitnO I*** **0 m ptntoto a* tol'PD ItoPP* nm P to put toil to PM* hut if Mil p tlnoto> >>** to Aij itwaiouujuoa ap *pp (ydy **0 l*id* Mtq jo HpHR 000*001 iu n ptauMuut |m*q -pit MV to> tiwdi (ttom w| tutntowd * pi So itw family * k*r4f, sod thcjr got all ttoir frwnff* to f**h sod they wote Onl Roberts 4*4 othtt fMi mniitiin nod uk<4 Okm to ftty too- At die |MM liOM, dd i mure <Hft; Im* \b* Wo M iHe church. Charlie joined the Foil Oo*- pl guifttoimerTi Fellowship *rd Oh Chf<i Iummuima'v Fsttbwthip Kt ad Helen joined pnyn group that nui am m|hl sack tl THif wans M cHutch twrta on Sunday and furwtg (He? ouU |0 to Ok teal old < Hook to cheat op tto people Iter* with bukcu ot (mil and coo*mrio*. to April CWIk K$U * series o< chemtetorspr *TMi/*N 4m0 M srresi Hm growth df U* 'Or *M devouring bo #*- Ctomottorapy to* v<Im drvfi that slow (tew* (be fiowtk of fipoll/ dividing cell*, like (he all* m o CMiiwt tumor. Tbe iJniUft U lhi it c4 prolong twit patitntl life- The disadvantage is that there on otbei rsy-dly growing edit in par- Mfi'i body, aside fra* tumor erfa-- Heir celts,-ceB* thee Goo At intestinal wfls. Sooo Cfcartit's hair fB oui Me u asusewui *0 4m tint and hpe losing weight reptfy. Sometimes, bo told friends, be tm o dizcy be (** ~ in tiw* hit M4 A/ier three month* of tbk. Heiea called (He doctor le God *( erhat was Happening. The doctor toM bar that Chart* *u tuQ dying of cancer, only mo<* rtowty. She tod bar married daughter Otoise cad (ha doctM >|tii and And our bow much time Charlie had left. Maybe *<s moo(hi with ehemwtherapy Maybe throe mootbs- without. Helen decided to cab a family mealing to deride what to do about it The (zm&y gathered and brayed and talked it over. "'TT* kids ttec `Mom. tot nothof but a vegetable, bell io tick.* * Helen later recalled. * *W w* bclicva that Ood ft going to work a miracle in bit life, then left just put ft in Cod'! hanfe be* cauae Dad it In web agony.* "We decided to tc> Chuck and. of course, be already knew hie cteacm. Gut we (eld Hun and He decided to ikop chemotherapy heeatiae it era* really making Him tick.** A tunny thiag toppco*d altar Ibat: Char!** began to fad much hotter. He l*n began in eat a tittle. Pretty aeon, to decided w g* beck to wort as 0 rich. HE CHEMICAL IN- duatry had been badly mag by all fee vinyl chlo ride ditcloturea. In the moaihi alter the aagintaron me deaths ware annouaced. --' tiw VX Department pf U bor moved to set a fewer mandard at eapocure tar wayI chloride worker*, tmihediaicty, SO ppm -was tea ta m emergency Mandate and Hearings m announced oo a propomd now pow nent standard: t ppm. THe hearings tented Out to be otew aenmoniow. Tbe teemkal manufec. twrert said they could never meet the new uandard. They threatened that the whole induitry would fee forced to ctana down, which would Hare a rippka effect on other industries using polyvinyl chlo ride. At many m J mBIwn into eould be tax. The gawertuMt* HtM teat, though, and, tha. ooiy thing Ac `ohem- at manufacteren accompliahed wea to tanher tarnish their already aoJ*d kgOo end she) Vinte the wort The vwltit im iteti Kf* it >* be image an whe* the k*rli r#t too High- (anUMfly mo*i of the maaageinso* com And, fc teeme< the totiutiryb pb The had newt war ibel there was terns irtbutad inn. hut that wetnl enough Im Icon with the gorcfwwenl wfre pul He- evidence that the company Ida) pay some to toe worian- On* to them warn giontng. The Food and Drug A*mm asuefe sltiMion to hi mo*iteria| torn th* plate wiMpri toher and tealiea was eontidering tough new temr. One werkar earned Merry k , . caked d to rempeap would to vititog standards for polyvinyl chterlm pock aenbeok dwttag g* wamiMt. ~tt wi* 1 COMribuu. And hob Rytanto, too aging--a (<*] baa teemed a dbtinet mere nr her on my personal thmg*,* he ptate mariagsr etd him. **THa company ubility. (A partial ban *a pm. rAugust 1*75 but no Anal nmteo Has been taken.) The Eavimnmmtal Protection Agency was considering ttsndstdt (or (be amounts ti vinyl chlo ride emitted into ttw air from their fac tories (snd is uill considering (hem). The maneiactottrs decided that something had lo be dona in improve their image. What was needed erne c we** poblic-epiriiad approntta They would bend a little. They would be reasonable- And they found ciactiy ffw mao who could calmly esptem their new approach to tha government and the public.' Wifliam D. ffuckthhana Mr. Rwckeishai*. you may fecafl. wm a natanoal hero. As deputy attorney gao- enl, he bad been 4 victim of Hunt's Saturday High! Maseacra. Along eritb tea btet. EBiot fcicbardseo, HucksbhMB refused to Art Special Prosecutor Ar chibald Cm- h*for becoming a public martyr, Kuckchheus Had served Pimi dent Hiaon as the temporary chief of the PSI. hefon that, be bed headed toe CariroMneoul Protection Agency. He bed ham Mr. Environment, setting down sough aUadirdr /or iodiatria} >ei- Hneik How. though, be was in private tew practice- Kit services wete avaiUbta. aid. tJfcc. *iodey my bark ie ttorting* or toty lefi wp h hx%i*g.' Then rd asy this* tike. Today Ute vteyi cbtori * enont no tht third tnor wni 47 ppm.' **Om day 1 wrote dnww (hat the * wm over 140 and she red light wai on- In other wordn the supervisor bod gulfed the phif Wcauer they wanted everybody in that butting to work.* Tkt mfrrrkor And poM iht plug/ *Vuk THcyff met* it up. THeyff ftM the plug They kiw nue nr two tptotiisu in ieetrumcnistinn, the other guyv eanl beadle tite machine* that ngiiser the cmml THe wntna why they got these one nr two guys b they got timn by the ntok and theyff evm aet th chiiwn down when h won't teg You know damn w*B-<eo timugb I can't prove - M -btQuee youVt rigM then and you ear* smefl the Kerry mid He Had enmpUioed photo conditions, "On* supervisor dk ton; Sometimes k abs> salt but iHntT oae breed and btoter sod we Have to do to' And I Mid. Tub but yooTn getting more bread and Writer dten f w.'* Other workers said that when govetw merit imparton bad enme srowed, to* onmperiy shut down mnrt of the vinyl chloride line*, elaimang there wee malm can't griu money tocawM an deni warn to wart enotour Waiergrtn.* For hit pen, Charlie didn't wart taka the money. He w*t Mug prrtoy good m (hat porid. vVm gonna hr around for a tang time,* to told tea friend Sod. who bed erg*toted toe cto- tectiem TW guys vtat you to tom k." tod laid him. and atotewafly to took A Chartob return in the faetory wur having e tatter saterieg effect on bis fetiow workers. He lookad awful Me Mill didn't tom any hair- He tod toea a big. chunky mac ton new ha *** skinny m nl He bad twaggemd totaro bur nowto rfwwMm warn taunted over and to walked uneertataly. Ho would try to joke abend his - dttion- He would into show tto faa dim to didnl tom to sham tocatnc ad tea atomottortpy. He sold no* gny, *1 was suppBito to to dead ton wed ton rm stiff Svteg.* And to said dta Hckcn tod kicked Wm cut to the hotna aud tensed tom Hack m wort, saying. *Vw ami gonna lay around tort and die.* fful R wa* Inroad yoriaGry and often his friends would And CHerik tttriag off into (pace, or ju*r sinieg to frard ed hi* tackcr tonne and crying. And they uw be was wasting sway. And they Ha And ao Ok Society of tike Ptwtiei In dustry purchased Mr. Environment. THert were scvsral anal newspaper etoriee that recevdM d* uimwVmi '-- nee maoy paotde in WaihiopoO o surprised. In lock if was business as must: former government ofhciaU row tineiy stff their asntesa to the Highwt bidder. It b tbe way thinp uwefe. Sy to* cummer *1 1*75. then was good news and bad newt at the Good la a November interview, a company poksuMn denied *9 the efiergm te Manmer, toe guys to the fac tory began taking up a noitectio* tor Charlie Arthur. Everybody contribtott Gee doffars an CHarth could lake a trio before h died or 4a whatever aha ha *Mrtcd wfch the money. That euy * have seemed Much bto it war the Iret tins* to toe binary of to* factory that to* workers had organized and dona gan in wonder who would to ncaO. They leftad show lodf* work efu- wtort tost Jobs wm tare*. Rug talked about landscape gardeoiu. Harry iekad stout toenmir^ a thief. The more (toy talked, (to meat they realized they were _ trapped. Artec, one of (to guy> who bad fribad herd tar (to onto*, said, *A to* nf gny warn to g( la* yean in and gartimcpteu ctoc. I mod to ub. shout go ing to Oregon, tori f didot gn and rich Ctctery to Avon lake. The good news was that iht company teemed so Have mad* an effort to tessen the dangen to worken. It had developed ecw ijutiw w the poly duun didst hem something together- For un year* var. out unroot bad nied to penetrste tot |dco then had been four union etaslions and all of than failed. Worken la etke* polyvinyl chloride ptanu bed bee* are a mt ofatringt you Hava anaatoeg to you . mortgages and kids going t* sdtoai, tatodred titoi You htod to get trsyped tom.* to go toto the vat* es often, ft bed We- ovgsniato by a variety of untom bat oteped eomplw monitoriaf i/ttena, toe people at Goodrich to Avon Lake complete with computerized gadgem eonmnd watt unto (he way tite com- L am ma ilium \skizt that took connate leadings of 4m vfeyt pony was tab tog ante to them. in bto pate tow CMorid* levels to (ho plant, end flaibi^ N that a union would have mode sB ton much *- Him aiM It CMhitri, U t sltat. rty: tomnl Sftiom (mu notabty to* UMtiotfficte, just a raw Mf BWHwWubMlottcctekks*Hh ofruosme, tto and fi-- he n, cenpuy aid: Ut Ort nM U Out -Mtfer msfitL' Itanad Rubber Workers and toe Off. Chtmwal and Atomic Worken) hod bmu Igbiteg tar Mfcr condhioM bto . pondered mm uacw * to represent tec plasiio panpk. Hs s t toryc men, rather smlishly burccu- ohuMsaly ^yfftthmat bethb mob g fnto, who todkc via a ton tew back scat to ja* securiry. When Uto- fndlane twang. Me arts very smooth. ruyet tHteteeccd to dee* ha vinyl ettm HcutotosAnt reoctiwim so my n* ride pleni to Fatoterillc, to* worken tootecfdmtim pm>pte tod apprnactod turmd agatori torir union toe Unhtt to ton then to thought about k and Rubber Workers--bectur* it bed maibsd to was oaky ssying no toccuaa yuiHed so bard tar tougher safety an*- *acnata Hindi of people* would be ao- ry If to tod k, and to to shuned Ms -wm ms ronrnun Mr tag- H wm a chsflcagc, renly. To CJterfK Arthur wa it caused soma cm- reto tee taduuiy m mpomi'Mt m mnt among tht msMgcmsni at Avon pmstbli and come Up with a reosomAIr Uk*. Whjm a drtrgaiton of weaken hi ef lUriderda Tto tadmlry would want m and atked if they could ten have to bond *>*r *R its technical date a eollcrtion, toey mid induairtaf Rclabont MRcrt Ren Crons mW them ho tent sura. It would sun c praendam. They would haveto collect moneyovorr luitetomeena died. to the govantmcM. Tto industry -voted hev* to vtevnicar to become pert of a imeenh effort with tebor ontam tM Meparidcnr-tckwiais. tttre ware problems. People iust Si *>4.it BFG28833 u t/t ( W 1 d**jnl um A* MvMry--* p*rt tli* gspcrri atmosphere to Ar m**'* a general crish of wot- Ha **m#d *0* An. He * 1 people "* iiwmi tack nW >|M. them would to a UiM lure toward *U*ieJ or _____ ... Mm*d to UAtAiHB * ISO M>I government fa- spcciori * *yt chloride pfante, Fan of A* mw itmwptoro of mat would involve the government stepping back Itto At mgulstoty procat and leaving ii op lo MM|toal and labor ia decide vital aort of standards should Wttiiu given ftewy. at wouldn't Uber tend to buckle un der to management. la woetj non about job* that Aa tong-tugf problem at bsaliht Ho uid Am V you talked to moat worktn and toM Acm Aat (boy bod mo ahonativao--oiibo* lav their job* or hm da risk at getting cancer to tf years meal would say dial working on ih job would bo a sodaBy aeecMabto risk. Nov lb* government bad me rapossibility at wieiroaieg (b risk aa much aa msiMt, but ttH. Ac uMmeie decision tod to reel sriA tbo fadiridua! wrkr. *1 mu,' b* said, "why oot try stopping Evol Koiavol boro jumping tern* (b* eaayaa aa hit rvckttf Hk risk waa much greater ibao oteol vinyl chloride worhnt*'." He aaid ho via disappointed In tbo low) at dobtto oo Ala iobject Many politician* viB play H up aod toy ibev* it no eueb dung at a tndaBy accipubli rah when it eevtee to baaltk. "Cut of coon* ijwre it socially acceptabl* riak," aid Bocialtbaoa. "Every lloao you get into your car, you in taking a aocially acceptable rhto* As to dv guerdon of wbetber It va* morally r*hi foe William Rucketibai* to repraaent lb* plaatim poopla before the agency ba vied lo bud. Ae Envi ronmental Froiectioo Agency, be aaid. "There an iboae who would prohibit a former official from itpnacntiag a clieoi before bit former agency. {would bop* that former csptTiracc would not preclude lb* practice of lav in an am when oat baa upenna. Aa a personal matter, f bav* oo problem whb (W question of uodue mMoenoo. My only cootact with my former ~*1rtyum la through regular. official cktaada* CIfABLfEANDHBLEN look the money (ha guy* root to Dieoey World lo Florida with tbatr youagtrt dawgbtea. Vd lima." Helen remember*, "although Chuck Mi Uod of foooy. Ibrnn Ate. We bought bim a tafhiog a* but he ooty wort It down aa die maul pool ona day--f gwaea he Mt fuony to A After that, ba vouM com* down to (bo pool wearing hia ponm* In September Charlie continued to uy to go to work, but it getting harder. He vat growing weaker, ba bad pain io hia hack. Holeo thought Aa poin might ham bun Ae mat* of Cbarik wafking around hunched over, inter tbe realised (bet it vaa probably caused by hit Iwar tumor wailing and growing against ba other organa. MB, ha didn't eomplaio much. Helen could naves raaHy be sure how much pain kit wet ho In early October, be quit work He jiai couldn't make it anymore. The bock pain wet won* and ba decided to go to A* Cleveland Clinic to ate If (toy I give I a meditation tor Ik On bfondey. Oelnhar IJtto Chortle drove himtalf Into CWvelaad and en tered the chare- Hrleo bed offered to drive him but be aaid on because ah* would have to drive home aloo* through torn bad neighborhood* lo the city, On October Hth. Charlie called Heir* and sounded fine. On October ItA. Hrico called Char lie and be aoundrd completely out of K. very woozy. She * worried. She toM him to can bock when bis bead dearod. He didn't cal bock. On October 17th. Hrico and bar daughter Ocniae went ioto Cleveland to ana vhai waa going oo- Charlie looked torribto--it aeomed like ba bad tori ton pouoda in five dsyw He *u heavily Avoid The guy in Aa neat bed arid. "If l waa you. I'd got him out of b*r*-" Brian and Defliaa put rim in Aa or aod took rim boron. Oo Octobw UA. aff Cbarlia wanted wwa a pain piL "Ha kept oaring tor pain pal, a pain piU, a pain pfl." Baton fumtmban. "He waa piai Arougb witbdnwni. So I'd yet al rim. 'Chuck, realty, you don't neod it* For about one and a half day* bo was Uka that, and Acs M didn't neod A* pO* aa mota." Helm nursed him Arougb the week end, fvediag him mQkahakm. On October 30lb. she mkaf that durtie had stopped urinetang and had stopped uting She called A* doctor and was told to get him to (be botpiuf right away. On October 21st, he entcrud Elyfto Mrawitl HospitalOn October 22nd. Bud w*m so viril hia old friend. "I u shocked." hud tombed. "He didn't even reengoia mo at list. He couldn't have righd morn than 70 pounds aod Chart!* mod to bo a pretty big gay -aod b* had turnod yvOov." On October 3*Oi in Lot Angeles, Dr. Joseph Wagoner of Aa National 1mA tote of Oecupatieoal Safety end Health, testified befors a ante sonata enouoil* toe about Ac dangers of vioyt eUarido. He nposiod (he litany of horrors Aaa bad becum* known to Aa pool year (Wagoner waa swart at one -tftfhinael horror that b^ ye* to ba uwueeri: aoeood arudy by Or. fa/aato, Ai* one shoving that viva of vtoyl chloride workers to a Fenasytvaaia factory riri twice Aa average rale of fetal death* mvenrrUgea and winriiftbn) 1 According to newspaper report*, Wagooer supported a bu o (he nee of vinyl chloride (and other esoewoostog rhemleali) by manufaoturan, ohm by otaeo, which would be grsneod enly Jf Aara was oo substitute mstoriri and if wfety prweswrtona warn token. On Octobm 27A. Charfi* * wrg * Mt hotter. Ha received some old friends, jeded shout ibeir gaining weighs nd bis losing h. Aca prayod whb Asm. Critude Ae hospital room, Helen iw> orivod rnortm from A* loeri o**w popor. "He Ka* so bitterness at afi,* tbe toM them. "He n*vr hod bitterncm to h been In facs. If be comm through Ah. he says bell go bock so work at "Cod give rim to ue aod if Ha fari* N* wooia to oka Chuck bpme, Ha can," tht sari "Cod to* bun more than we *r could ud w* ton tom eo motto* On October 2IA, soother aaaounm- meal appreicd on Aa buWctit board al Onodrich to Avan Uko. This ona Mailed Dr. Wagoner for bis statements to In Angtlas. The oompaoy beliwod h *uofonuMt* Ant Wagoner would Mb *t*Mmeats about birth Afeew "Aat era ^ucsiiooehis and atarmist." The norms vs* dptsd JL K ffylands, FUM Manages. On October 29A. Ao Woff Si'ttt /eves! rsporud Aet nine cum of am timeroom* bad bast diseevcied at a Onodrich polyvinyl chloride ptenf hr Quebec. Al nine workers were long dead hot As company bod chosen not On October MA. Ctoarisah condition worsened. The doctor mid ba could rocrive an most visitors. IrivuM Imt viator tromnonida Aa fasnfly and M aril "k seemed Uka Charito woo ghttog foe every bmA ha look.* OsHmmhst la. CWie lapsed Into " QoVfwher 2nd. In Aa rraolafi HE MEN STOOD to Aa T1 roar nf Ao snoas, artveoriy. They short aaonad friijfbl tanM m rit dovn. They stand at the walk Aot am- f Ac room where ChwSa toy to An mAs. a mere whisper nf * nospic. Tn Aa kfl of Chartia's bend Acre was as opened Bibk. Tn Aa right, a folded Bag. Al around Acre wort. Bowen. They Homed artificial, waacn. Uka Ctarttoy teen, la A* background, an organ pbynfi somber chorda. Brian sal to Irani wiA Ac cbUran. shaken bat composed. The night before ha bed performed Ac bcrauloaa talk of ncdvmg uoMiltilsncns ft on bhaff, from feOow workers, from company ofBeiato She sal u Ao right of tin coffin Acs, s* (be ffna of weff-vrisfecn fDlcrnd put. Her eyes were rod but Aara srac an ethereal dignity about her. Two ministem 90k* at At funeral, an *M one tad young one. BoA said Ac same dong: Charlie was happfar im. They did not tato of vinyl chloride or of Goodrich TVy said that whflo it might h* dMIcidi to wdarstond vby God had dwsm so take Chsriss young, k ww Hi* viB sad H knew what ws bom They said that Chaifto had boao prepared, that ho hadal heon afraid, Aat at one point to bit to days be bad reached eur bis arm* to At heavens, a if to say. "Take ma. fm ready.* Aftar ibot, a long farmed and moved through Ao straw at Oyrin. h was s heowdftd lunmm ariiniBon wfA golden toovm faOtog from tcbooL Tbe procession moved avoot sown to a gutot eometsry wbasn Aa paObearcst carried Aa ooffin, aear log draped, tn Ao pave rite. Thara was an open tent and a row nf feMi* chair* for Aa family. The youog nto irtcr said a few more words tom. He mid Aat what tod happened in Charlie w tonilH to something that tod happened to aB nf l when w* won children. Renumber, to said, when you were young and you spent a toog day SjjaaaniUaadtar from AtamlaU ladktbhME Vftj Ml S| dopfiat M Iraml? Ha risk ns much put* ttiu nod mil (Uoodc ntianV visaing friends wbh your parent*. Sometime* you wnufg faff arintp to the cor and wake up Aa next awning safe micomfortable to year own tod. btrt rt of wnoderiog bow you got than. That k what happened to Charito He *u mla at homo now. Two of the palbaarcrt took Ac tag from Ac coffin end toidad it aotomnlT* They banded k to Helm, who lookad m hand the* aminod a tong, low wail Aaf grew to OiustgA and totemity uA It seemed to engulf tto entire cemcury. 8m had Mt (bought about h atm wton to was B rii*w, hm (to tod figured Aat if God ehoaa to take tor hueband, she would devote Ac rest of her life to belying others. She would do votoaiccf work to bo^iuh. Ac a. pirn* ibot Ae company would into earn of tor Bsaneral a sad*, that fc mpqld pcotoUy give tor Charik'i payrhssfc m if to wore slfll work tog. But tto mosniog after tto faaaral a ddegstioo from Goodrich came arm la tto touM to captain to Hrita what she would to getting, to effect, (toy plained, she would be getting Ac same *a any other widow of aa oecupatieoal death. She would gel SMB each w**fc from tto state workman*1 compensation hoard. Ae would gas toms money from Serial Swnsrity. hut only far two years mtfl her youngmr dw^tm hnsmd ]L She wouM rocrivt bocmtaXution tom efia for A* ram cd tor Me. Thmc would to some totunoot money coming but Aay van mwi caacdy tow muds-- certainly aoma Bfs toaunnea sad per haps ioom for accident*! dsnA. ikpnto tog on wtottor Ao incuruoo company cowridend Ctoftieh dcaA job related. (Although Goodrich mid fe eonsidssod Aa dmA job nfatod, B stil woulddl tok Aat vteyt ritiurtda mand aagto samnma. tost only that than w a *nhtranship- totwana An two.) Then was oot other li*A A gffi hem Ao tompony far 21 yoart of fahhM mrviee. A deaA gneidty, they oafiod b. Four wotfcs' pay. Hrln was rtonnad and ifrrirrnintoil Tto money wauldal to sunriy ooough A B*c on. She would tove to gn m work. Friends suggniad Ar jrmfhasy of lakieg kgsl ociton sgainat A* mmP**y. and far several day* she asm derad ib FinsBy, she d*dd*d not to, "A Chriwian," she said, "docs ms I SL 027*5 BfG28834 1 u/*e rwt MUMin. iw CORRESPONDENCE JOVE LETTERS &ADVICE * of rt- .nW stNe coa.m..- beta were <- rhtko Tan- L*. (he $eve Step Rrirebilireitoo PiegruwT He mw chaeied the puWk jftolM about Input, to only --^ Mat* vehicle to bring omc good musk to the public Maybe the year* be war in prison teemed like 30 yean (0 bin! OONtUB K. louts Mefferrre*. Florida Wm really turpr*ed to tee * ether article on Derid A. Coc And (hit tine a little non of fo iruth--or "bullihit" w Shelby SioglHoo pws IL After myhwhend iM 1 read the Brel ankle oo bin. w* Had the biggest laugh we'd had in dtjre. Cm and Hatry (ponged off of ut foe about two nonthe beck is 19BA Wc S*d in Ashland, Ohio, then. And by lb* way, be w never the president of an out* bw motorcyek tang either. My old nan waa And the bile ho res rtdtag vu a baby Yamaha, also ny old nreoT. And yn. be sure is a vary tM'ianat dory* idle sure seems Vie everyone bought everything he old wali now. But m. KaUM S. Lmktpoot CeJka Oki0 Bic Ditch Diplomacy The issue of Panama ("Panana's Imperial Canal," U 20)) fa aa iocreasiagfy Inportant oeo which the American preea has failed to give appropriate i trege. As nccW vidian to Pan ama and nudentr of Ms history, social structure and politics, wo would fika to add to to* bforatioo aod analysis that Jan Morris provides. Faaamnb arrugenest wMh Btmau-Varflle, diimlad as one In which the Frenchman would b fact the newty bdcpcndcnt Faatmel iret betrayal to be bnperialfat powers. Tb* Fata- VariOa. on behalf of be UA, offarad then a guareatae of indepeodrnce by toe amomooa of guoboats stitfaread naar nary that the Faaamsaiaaa wn*M help to weata. The treaty, howmr. urea signed and delivered to Waihkgtoa befaro Another important nomeot b baa tbaa accurately repre sented as "aa affray" b 19*4. Oa the 9th of January, PanameoU* stwdeou chow to carry out tbeir legal right to fy the panaoaaiwan Bag the Canal Zone. TV Ionian* asten^nd to thwart then (Aorta, and ta (be ertnnng struggle the US. Amy abet end UM 22 Pansmeniaaa. In bt 4aya (hal fob loured Over *00 were aewaded Paeans on of diploouik relaikas with the U2, and (ho bnpcrial negosiatova cans mm king to tho bargainbg table. This year, the 9lh af Jansary area ssrawer*!ad hi mots argeiuand by (he Cato TV oommhta* pro oot of e trip last October of 40 North Americana who tiduf Pam ana at V guwta far ton ffayh Wc ares* mm Inlined by ** inwrt of suggasi far (VTorrips rigititfa stung stand agabw tho US cubanl praanca We taw how too US . bvofvcmtont has dsstorlod Pam amah development hy eocour* aging dependency sad by keeping (be country from w vabpiog other reeouren far Ms re wee. Maiiam McOotrus CemWge. Idanorthumi Impressions of Spain I was in Spam bat summer sad vividly remember toe chiding sight of toe Cuaiffb CM pa trolling the greets of Barce lona, pwiogjog tonaa prewiring machine guns nadtr their anna, welcoming the latees baleb af tourists who had aonsd toe border al Fort-Bom I remember sitting to the Han Mayor b Madrid, drink ing early into the morning wfto * young Spaniard and a aoupb from Berirm. TbrSpaaiard earn polka. One of (to Germaaa cuned "fasciel Franco* vhBt the Spaniard bmg Ito Iwd. Aod ! rerenmber Pamplona and toe nmoiag ef too Mb a great girtidi waged b ton heart of the league country. "Franco would never rami here," a Pamploae youth proudly bowsed to am. "If to did, toes* would bo bomba." The people of Spain are friendly and havd there in trigues. k M indeed a country to wsreb hope/uOy fas wadare of Rolumo grout. dtrowgb Aslure dispeuhe* by vrilm flu Donald JCati ("Diipatch from the Valley of tto FaBta." RS 30)). r FtCMMCK Burton Wr<rl>4.Crir|M A Blue Note Hound Dog Taylor and Arthw Crudwp aould have utad aoma Rot-une Stows pubtiriry wble I'd speculate that over half your readers never heard of cither mao uatl their ebiia ap Tp7eared_. _H_o_w_a<b,,ouat t.amvei pear- htweaman for a cheap) DonT wmk Miff he's 4M to ting lit ong. J expoel toon hym BA LsftoMU rcetotodritorw made falsely toat a dripped hiffk af a vmtd wm found off the coast ef Bolivia. My mapa toO pe toat (hit h a nke Rdi. was tot kind of hardwoaed 10podiag 1 espad to soc mwu frequently ia Rouwo JiwflU Box Umim Coder Repadr, fnuw OUy. edey, nttowtw * kykektaf.--Ad. Im my Fet looor imy / stored Ihw WiU Chembmlel* wns We mede * Hew Few's JUaehdsa to de more Am yiey tor hits. Jerry * dttaT de ffewffe' Wetfeecy peed, I'd. Errata WMh regard to toe My *f to* yato^tokbg, toe sutamcal wa* sfonevs whom Fe> topstied b Idt pool. I tow tour brewed tow i/Ur h nor me. dfftowgd PftWei tofwod inre etered m toe resvh of pruyw er tto ffceoef, to nrvw wot bprited three. / epobglte /er tor arm. --JeJU |. daftrna T^e PVC Controversy Thi Company Lw abb bterad "Tto PUnk ColBo of Charlie Arthur * b your January ISto kwe (JtS 304). TV artkb eeotaiaa snort of foot and emininw but, more importantly, It accuses BJ*. Cemdrkh officials af trying to com op o critical problem. TV feOowiag corrections of mm of the mom anportaat im ITEM: "Maltoal was workmg far a group af European chemical maaitfaclwrcn who waatod hb Sodtagi kept amreL TV Anreriean cempatoei war* all ton happy u agree no far toe year before toe Oeodrieh aaaowrsmanl toe eompeelm Mwareff WaBonih B* dings that vinyl chloride caused canear" (wye 44. CaL 4). FACT: b bm 1972 earnpanlm In th* Manofactorlng Chemhti AaaoebtUn were planning itadlea to evaluate ndbm toot mb subjected to 30.000 parw vtoyt chloride per teprcseauilvea ef Amcricae rwwpaabs Halted Dr. Cesar*' MtJtoai b Bslagaa b Jaeniry prelbniMry reauha tod bund cancer b come ted rata, but to wee onabb to reach Brm earn duakru at that tone U.A gavernment atkatiite knew af MihwT preTimbary eeuhc early in 197) bn corn mend them to to as praambary as dk UA. industry. Uot- tort*Saflkttl. emaciate director ef cirrinngnnVt et toe UA. Natkwal Cbnecr JnsOdde. atleaded a symposium et Bo- bgsa. July, April 9tb to 12th, at which Dr. Melon! showed a uklt gbug pretonhary rerehs finking riayl chloridr with can cer b reb. On July I7to. one Earepenn and four UA bdoory repsosantatbc* presented N10SH haformation that malignant tomm tod toon bond b ani mats ntpoaad to vinyl dibriffa Al toat ton* no bnui canew oaeas bed bean reported. MaL toai*i isudim had aw toon aompbtod end to tod aw b aWiM rtpmt TTEM: The story reporta toat Or. Frier Infsab, toon of toe Ohio Dtptitmaw of Wealth, had found that torn* northern Ohio eontmpqhim wtto pWyvkyl chloride Wants had higher than swage both defcb Ipago 4). ooL 2). FACT: Dr. Infanta, b lb report to toa How Yost Acad emy of Science, etered that them k nw nrifirisw mddeoae I* link vinyl chloride w> birth defeat. Tto Center fee Dtseese Cow trel W toe US Fubik Heehh Service reported ew July 19th, 197S toot the stwdv "could nw establish any rabtionthip torwtest cases (birth defects) and vinyl chloride eipocwa." ITEM: TV (Cow. #n f] SL 027*2* I 33959005 BFG28835 i*uic n#i mii A- lew Siate for Klein. taut re porter, eppaMitily had the VeA fiirn faierl ny< ** aaeoot understand his *HrW (ba| Omitted Item Kkw* o*v re twch fact* a: Goodrich freely end vohmurEy ^*icited iu Indingt of tha Ant an- **t pieiiari praplr. The funlean T-eni1 wAy. fdor woe even a mapiwoa Aw vinyf tkiorid* eouiet ranror, didn't bur demegrWddeVdeou- dime oAonr *t Or do poo mw rAr mmken, wta me m denk emd lepd m i ` |Cni. from I) story worker. *Hrrywho <^'1*^ that a Miptrvitor had>dwd iH pl|' M Goodrich fCrtl monitoring mirm. eofhrr work could continue duiing periodi the eompsey "chore aot to make eo official announce- ITEM: The report natea that .. hcarinp were eaBed o o gJoasmeme eotea whan they were dheovtrtd. The oompeny supplied detailed mfonoatioo to unployert. line aod fed eral officials end the mduatry- Poodrich hat conducted die *U awmjmmt move JO impaovo raedbioni w i Mtorduf 7. Irnfmit'i kirik defect IUdA|C fa tv nary ! mid dm Imfcmi'i fmding* vara nor ne. rl^r rnor* wo* no met, enW Then en`l room As ike merp Jm ed die rAmgr Ar urim rod me otasr coed)tau d Area lair. Scfice le tap- Mern wu oe talwvd of higher rtpouif* The MfJ correctly mm ihai the com pany denied (hem chargeo (page 44, col- I). PACT: Goodrich PVC plan* have two monitoring syemmn-* a computerised aroa monitoriag system sod personal itering ipitmi 05KA rrpMi thee ad record* sun be kept ud Bad* available to both federal intpecior* aod em .. . ppm." aod goes eo to say that at the public bearings, the chemical msaofactvren threatcoed that the whole industry would he forced to do deem Uf tha standard waa Imploeeted (page 44. eoL I). FACT: The propwad wo dard called for "oo detected*" level of viayl chloride io the wort atmasptare, oea I ppm. largest rsma/ch ptogram lo Me history, and ia (pending an ew limaied (42 flfliito IO prevent eapocure to viayl chloride ie planta, in the environment end in products. The company hna naiad that It con operate within afl present and expected rif- iiliiloaL TmhuI. Naim Cirrwhr Fire frrafm The / Goodrte* Company hv pmoTA only Araanar tAam wam'i anongA data In yet. fo jattAtg w Infsmt. t fonnd rAar Aa Mtndf laAied All nd> drryjia Geedrkk'i etUmpU op dvr/adir*. f. Tha oomruj Ay "Berry" and "ofArr wpriarr": flf mmwod GowfrirA monitoring rynam* do indaed ecin. ar f ripened. The goerrioa fr wAarAar Goodrich b AddS-g com. 4. 7ke Wdf preet lend m>y; f eoocedr. Geadriek k so ke congrunlaMd fm m> meenckt ike deuAi of dee Ceoodieo vo/JUre. 3. TV peepetedgnrtomeer neederdi At*la. I ceeetde. for wool# rAr pUnks propk Am one# any dtferemb d ike prepared ttemd--d kad Areh t ppm, kutead et d ppmJ At Ar New Ford grew earn- ploye*. A recent check of taae The A imported io emrorty viiA rAa oMcJUaer. fowe/tag feteace. Oaadriek edmtiud records above m P4 reportiM ta Muetryh ohjao- STEM: The etory d**u Iroe- The prcpoeid "eo de The Avthok'i Reply lAr conn#. Goodrich ckimi that t kad omnreonr# m dM dmtoiU 'other worker*" aa ssyng Oat lectable" previaioo waa ambig vkea inipectei* uous. if it had beeo huarpretad visited our Ohio PVC fisnlta m "oo detectable" by eay teat n* (ijrcrlM raised Ip Good- rick arg or ootip m /oa In fAIr /Med. TO answer (Arm M order. rmmy O prany monk a forev. Flmatfy, ike matt nril/ag fkmg oAou tAe krwr b iAu Geadriek deer eat amt mm- company abut 4ow bob d tha riayt chloride Knee. ci --it would Meed have abut I. Mahardi eonror |Wh|K TVrr am Iff gotwmonf Ap. (*7 tmdrptadem aciamiid f garnini wAa are mppmed m riaa Ckarlie Anker e* the ill *t MiginiM work waa dowa ibe industry. i/be with agreed (bar Ay ** nwnfur at gnatry At dj md> treated Ait w0b doer Ar died. heal dooe on them (page H. The article Clearly Implies lime ike aerporeia affktak bn verlplmet Jf lAoy won* TV Imrr fr m man tkea am 00L I). that B.P. Goodrich compiled dnW Malted, ho And prerry newer me u*-i 11 /- mtm piece *1 eddeace iAu ) PACT: Under the DSHA inryertioo eytum, hapectm M ptsats without prior notice, ead therefore could arrive wbea to suppress information rslatiag *o employees' health aod tba to prevaot implcnwouiioo of eafcfoarda to rotofve thia muck proven lAar rhyl eUo /Ida par caauat cwnr. IV feei (Aar (Aa UJ povemmem war ewtrt ef JdohomPa mow lAay wetdd AA end werhpteco aarr awry TOO yarn Se B rnmer dawn m a ftmrlion of trw. Oo yon Meat CoodricA. rAr eampeap pmt Ar proffer end pohk Image ahead d to rooerm far hms dfe. naioteoioee operation* era *u- most-serious situation. Thia im aed dldn'r act molar If ar wAirA Anew for afmoor a dec- ewriaf- Siooe A ukca wm plication it unfounded gniJiy * Gcodtuk end the adt dm rioyf aAlorida aamm AReadee'sCohcew time to abut down aod icatait Joe Klein's chi&eg artick eo Hopeful Signs\ t PVC issebooe, Ihia rumor ia mm only untrue. h N* domoh aeske "** ITEM: Eoliimo Stoma quota the Well Strict Jemrxet, which reported hit aiat PVC workert at the Sbawieigao plaet of BFQ Canada had died from ifi|iotimaa, the compsay bad cbotea oot to inaka n official aanousce- meet" (page 47, cel 5), FACT. The Wotf Sf*i Wnnl dory, which katU readied from a company aeaouaew learn lui December An four cum of liver eagiocaicoma hod boca uKovcrod front death noorda of fotmer Shawiaigaa. After wc pohBibed Jee Klein's The Plastic Coffin of Charlie Arthur" fPoiAAigroe fur col umnist Mary MeGoery de voted a columa to tbt rtory and the heuee h raised. Her column it ryndkated to tome dO paper*. McGrory reported that lbs Environmental Protendon Agseey hu ictaduled public burinpi oe peeiieied wsodsrds that would lower plant waimlons ef vinyl chlo ride by non then SOU. A ro- out EPA test force report stated that "than b no ehswha proof at advene effect* at. . . vinyl chloride in Ac ambient air. However, for cardoorcos. then may he no at mospheric concentration which pout aheohnify no public health mL* McGrory streaeod tta gen to PVC wnrtan aod (tas who Bvc near At plaate and eugguted dial some wfcoua may nk to reed Ar arttelt loud during As hearings. &c described the fading among PVC workers that they would rather risk cancer in 20 yean than be johtcan We checked tack wNh tome workers at the Avon Uka plant eta they con firmed thai moo sdB feel this way. fright what hu hap pened Gem- But our story hu raised urioot geestioas In their earn health and At wel fare of their familim, and thia may k enough to bring At United Bobber Worker* Union tan dm plant when ifartfnu in hrfd tat ifrita Mra- Artbnrdidreceive tad* eo a regular group Me huiveoee ydky, but anJy dter a two msnth delay compaBed tar aod kr fauly m the ydyrinyl chloride danger beosuht to mind tevenl gueatiaas which were net aaroend. (I) b thereeay ifsnpTfrom common houachoM pladk arti- (2) Wharus plauijee to PVC--and My judardangcfwT ()) What COOMBOO hen an PVC and whd are otbu pla*. ttaT (4) Hu anyone mggesud how the PVC wcrtmi* vim migM have hecooM kfedsdl (5) Whd attar pomWo canur are tare at km nee lira of Ever cancer. I any? (f) h riiyl chferidr any longu in nu m an earami pro- worker*... Tha U.S. parent company mid b Sk annual re a on tar data d eocidcnui port tat tpring that the ftivb- duiA on ffic *Md" pdky igat eogiotartom* toll hod climbed to eight deefhfc" Ctarite hdd during hte 31-yau rmplfflyuror Goodrich. Berdi a porrtal Mat at piuer Only one of Emu men tw The Lardii Jeered, the ftt JtemmdTSrmtp lNo* worked et (he AaerWgu piaat after h wu purchaand by Oeod rich Caaeda. None of be rut were Ooodrlah worker* ai- (hough the article eaid they were. The P4 /ounuf elan reported, correctly, (bet we tad repealed *1 ibetc earn in Em U1 National lutirvte ef Oe> eupitioeel Safety and Health. The cam tlM were reported to Quetac authoriltci end in el PVC employees m Cineda. Tha Shawioigan rekam wu carried in the VS by the Anocteiad wmsuBfty paper d Avon Uka. nprinted Klsie'i arddo on lamwy 4th, man (hough key tad Utm faflowM Em mory oe a day-today tads dnu the iMoonert d At- Utah Knur In March IPH. The Jeered wpwrted a >lv did" rmpanu, FVsaBy, we are tarigued by e report that when the arttela appealed oa <ta huftesto hoard at Em Avne Lakt piaat. ats- agement felt obliged, a worker ` * m. to rrmove k--Ed. dtri 3000 "P" Jrreer HW. WmAOtgten D-C. TOOMt Ml. Sad Sekad af Adtar, Is. elraemtenl Sdmur lei. JOOth St, pad Ftfdi doe. Nrw Pori. NT 10029; Nettamf fa- tam far Occepaitaaat Saferp aid Meakk. Haam $Si, Peer Office and CmoiAaose IdMkp. CWieoed, OH 43202; Smwiraementel Stanttiam Apemcj, Offer at Tack SaAnwrif, 401 "V* Street JP, JUom 7)1, Earn Tamer, aa. Or. Walk*, Watkinptem D C. 20400. a*e /Ova (tklAaito jewsa SL 027425 1! xne ctCtfi xfu-o ill: Scientist Calls Strong Curb' j on Exposure to Vinyl / l Chloride `Irrational' ! V/f/i i - By DAVE) BURNHAM Ifl Tb Kv TMk TtM WASHINGTON. April S--A key Federal official has de nounced the scientists of the National Cancer Institute as "a lot of old fogies" and has de scribed as "an irrational deci sion" a Government require ment that workers be exposed to virtually no vinyl chloride. The criticism was voiced by Dr. Herbert E. Stockinger. who occupies promlrient'poiidons in both the Federal agency now responsible for establishing in dustrial exposure levels and the professional association that us recommended these stand ards for many years. The position of the cancer Institute and other Federal agencies is that exposure to even the smallest amounts of vinyl chloride--the chemical base of a widely used plastic-- should be (voided by workers because U has been shown to cause cancer at very low levels of exposure and because its safety has not been demon strated at any level. Dr. Stockinger is chief of the toxlocology branch of the Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Federal agency established in 1970 to develop Industrial exposure levels. He is also chairman of the committee - on threshhold limits of the American Confer ence of Governmental Hygicn- ' lets, an organization whose recommended standards have dominated health practices in the United States and scores of other countries for many i years. I Criticized Institute f The official criticized the cancer Institute during a tele phone interview when asked about a letter in which he said the Government's vinyl chloride requirement was wrong. The letter, a copy of which has been obtained by The New Yotlc Times, was addressed to Dr. Marcus M. Key, the recently retired director of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Dr. Stockinger's tvuerior. , . ,i x x t , i;u Hr I 1 was consternated as were f members of my thrcs. nold .un its committee, when we no ed your name associated with the essentially zero tolerance^ for exposure to vinyl cr.oride, Ot. Stockinger's letter noc-m. "In making the irrational de cision it is clear to us that you have (alien into tne fallactous trap of believing that because the substance produces dire consequences ot massive con centrations (and in this esse probably aided by promoters), such consequegces will result from exposure at all concentra tions. Wrong!" , , In the interview last week. Dr. Stockinger stood by his criticism of the Government s position on vinyl chloride* which he charged had been made for "political and other seasons." . Dr Stockinger then was asked about the statement ot Dr. Frank J. Rauscher. director of the National Cancer program of the cancer institute, that re peated exposures to 250 parts per million of viny! chloride should be regirded as a car cinogenic risk. "The safety of vinyl chloride has not been demonstrated at any level: there is no practical scientific method to prove ex perimentally the safety of any level of exposure to a carcino gen," Dr. Rauscher said. "Oh, there are a lot of old fogies over there at the Nation al Cancer Institute," Dr. Stock inger replied. Dr. Key, who received Dr. Stockinger's letter, now Is a professor of occupational medi cine at the University of Texas's School of Public Health In Houston. Asked about the letter. Dr. Key said that though ho had the "utmost respect for Dr. Stockinger, I think I Just let It drop." The threshhold limits com mlttce that Dr. Stockinger heads has recommended ex posure levels for more than 00 individual chemicals or families of chemicals since it was formed In the late nineteen- thirties. These standards were accepted as a package by the Federal Government in 1971 under the law creating the National Institute for Gccupa tional Health ana Safety, pend Ing the slow process ot s U44.R. an Exception The standards of Dr. Stock inger's committee also form the basis for the exposure levels permitted in almost all other countries of the world except the Soviet Union and the Eastern European socialist countries. In another Government hearth development the instatute for occupational health has begun proceedings to dis1 charge one of its scientists af ter he cccused the institute of needlessly exposing American workers to the risk of cancer. The allegation was made a little more than two months ago by Dr. Stanley G Mazaleak!, in an affidavit filed in Federal court. On March 19, the Institution which has denied the charge, informed Dr. Mazsleski that n.s. services would "he terminated because of marginal or sub-: standard performance by you."' The scientist, who is chaile.ngIng his dismissal, said that the; action was "an act of, retalh-i tion becai.se of my criticism,'! - .-.- j SAL. 000047951 BFG28837 11 T>E CASE OF T>C PLAST 1C PERIL BFG28838 T*C CASE OF TTC plast ic per il 1 THIS GOODRICH PLANT IS ONE OP THE OLDEST 3 POLYVINYL CMjORIOE FACILITIES IN THE COUNTRY. OAT IMG 3 BACK TO 1948 WHEN TTC PLAST1C3 INDUSTRY WAS IN ITS 4 INFANCY RECENTLY. WORKING CONDITIONS AND FEDERAL 5 REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE INDUSTRY WWE CHAMXO 6 ORAMATICALLY 7 IN APRIL T>C OEPARTNEHT OF LABOR. FACED WITH S NOUKT1HG EVIDENCE TIC DEADLY DISEASE ANGIOSARCOMA UAS 9 AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD. SET A TEMPORARY EMERGENCY IS NATIONAL STAMMRD. THE STANDARD. L MIT IMS T>C AMOUNT 11 OF VINYL CMJQRIDE IN THE AIR WORKERS BREATW TO SB IS PARTS OF VINYL OCORIDE PER OC MILLION PARTS OF (3 AIR. 14 A ORASTIC DROP FROM TIC PREVIOUS LEVEL OF 500 15 PARTS PER MILLION. BUT NOT LOU BOJGH TO SATISFY 16 LABOR OR TIC NAT IONAL INST ITUTE FOR OCCUPAT ICHAL >7 SAFETY AM) HEALTH T>CY HAD ARGUED THAT TIC OILY IS SAFE LEVEL UAS NO LEVEL. 19 IK PLANTS SUCH AS GOODRICH T1CRE IS MORE 20 FREQUENT rOH ITORING OF THE EXPOSURE LEVEL HOW 21 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AM) MASKS MORE FREQUENTLY USED 3S CHANGES RESULTING FROM OR ACCELERATED BY TtC 23 DISCOVERT THAT AN UNUSUALLY LARGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 84 AT THIS PLANT -- SIX NOW KNOWN DEAD. TUD VICTIMS 85 STILL LIUIMS -- WERE STRUCK ST THIS RARE CANCER. T>C LAKE CHARLES REPORT (MS SERVICE S 1I T* CASE OP DC PLASTIC PERIL 1 TWO MONTHS AFTER TO IS INTERVIEW. JIM SANFORD 2 WAS QE OF EIGHT EMRJ3YEES WITH LIVER OARAGE 3 FURLOUGHED FROM WORK WITH PAY. T* COMPANY FELT IT 4 WAS TOO RISKY FOR T*R TO CONTIHUE ON T>C JOB T>C 5 COMPANY HAD 8EQUN EXTENSIVE PIEDTCAL EXAMINATIONS OF 6 ITS EMPLOYEES. INCLUDING LIVER FUNCTION TESTS (N 7 SEPTEMBER 1373 8 ACCORD!* TO B. F GOODRICH. TW PLANT'S 9 MEDICAL 0(RECTOR IMS 0I9C0UERI* MORE LOEfl PROBLEMS 19 AMONG PLANT WORKERS THAN * WAS FIND I* IN HIS GUN M PRIVATE PRACTICE 12 IN TVC INITIAL TESTS GF OVER 279 PUC 13 EMPLOYEES. 55 WE7E POM) TD PMVE LIVER ABNORMALITIES 14 AND WERE GIVEN FURTHER SIAMIHAT IONS. IS OF THOSE 15 OMSIOERED TD HAVE RSSia.Y SIGNIFICANT LIVER 16 DISEASE. 17 MORTON QEAM ' 18 HDU MANY TESTS HAVE YOU HAD? 19 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER 28 THIS 19 KY FOURTH BLOOD TEST 21 MORTON DEAN' 22 WHAT HAPPOGD TO THE OT>CR THREE? 23 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: 24 I HAVEN'T PASSED THEM SATISFACTOILY TFT I 25 REALLY QQi`T KNOW ALL OF T* ETA ILS OF IT. JUST THAT LAKE CHARLES REPORT I* SERVICE 9 20019662 BFG28840 T)C CASE OF TIC PLAST 1C PERIL 1 BFG28841 ne case cp t>c rustic peril BFG28842 23961004 nc CASE OF TW PLASTIC PERIL BFG28843 T>C CASE GF TTC PLASTIC PERIL 1 1 OR UiaiW LLOYD. 8 ASS 1STANT D1RECTOR NIOBH < 1 FM-AH TD MEASURE THE QUALITY OF AIR WHERE TTC DEATTC 8 OCCURRED. 3 UE WERE WERT COCEMO At TTCSE REPORTS 4 BECAUSE UMAT THEY SUGGESTED WAS THAT PERSON WITH 5 VERY LITTLE CF EXPOSURE OP UINYL OUKIOE. HAY 3 BUT TTC AGENCT HAS SAMPLED AIR IN SEVEN OTTCR 4 CONMHTIES AMOUNT TTC COUKTRY UMERE VINYL CHLORIOE 5 IS PROCESSED. TTC AGENCY MEASURED VARIOUS LEVELS (F 6 DEVELOP ANG I08ARCORA OF THE LIVER. 6 VINYL CHLORIDE UP TD DISTANCES IF TTffCE NILES AWAY 7 IN Am IT ION TO TTC TWO CASES CUT OF COMCCTICUT. UE HAVE ALSO HAD A REPORT OF A 7 FROM TTC PLANTS -- A READING AS HIGH AS 30 PARTS PER 8 MILLION. BUT LE1CLS GENERALLY BELOW OC PART PER 8 FABRICATION IOWR IN SCOTLA* WHO DIED FACT 9 MILLION 10 ANGIOSARCOMA OF TTC LIVER 10 GLOW E. SCHWEITZER. tl UE'UE HAD REPORTS FROM SWEDEN AM) FROM WEST 11 DIRECTOR. OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES. EPA 18 GERMANY OF PEHSOC WORKING IN OTHER ENVIROffCNTB WITH 18 1C 00 HOT BELIEVE TTCJC IS ANY SC IEXT IF fC 13 VINYL QCORIOE EXPOSURES. UHO HAVE DIED FROM THIS 13 BASIS TO BELIEVE THAT TTCRE IS Ml IMMINENT HAZARD TO 14 DISEASE VE HAVEN'T A SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF CASES YET 14 THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE VICINITY OF TTC PLANTS 15 TO SAY WITHOUT QUESTION THAT TTCSE DEATHS AFC VINYL 15 HOWEVER. mUOEHCE DICTATES THAT TTC LEVELS BE (KIVEH 16 CHLORIOE IFOUCED CONSIDERING TTC RARITY OF THIS 16 DOWN AS FAST AS FOBS ISLE. 17 OISEASE. UE ARE VERT CONCSWED THAT THAT COULD BE IT AND TO TTC END. EPA HAS TAKEN SEVERAL STEPS IN IB SO 18 TTC LAST FEU KMTHB. UE HAVE fCT UITH TTC LEA0EH9I IP IS NORTON DEAN! IS OP TTC MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF POLYVINYL OCORIOE AN) 80 WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO A FLAST 1C WORKER WHO 80 VINYL CHLORIOE AND URGED IMTCDIATE STEPS (M THEIR 81 MIGHT SAY. *COHE CM MOV IK.LLOYD. YOU'RE FRIGHTENING 81 PART TO REDUCE LEVELS. 88 THE HECK OUT GF ALL OF US ON THEBASIS DF Q4.Y 88 ALSO. UE ARE PROCEEDING UERY MPICLY 70 83 RELATIVELY FEU DEATHS AROUM) TTC WORLD?* 23 QEVELOP A AIR 8TAMMRD UNDER TTC CLEAN A IR ACT TO 84 OR U ILL IAM LLOYD' 84 INSURE THAT TTC LE\*LS WILL BE DRIVEN OOUH S WELL. SOME PEOPLE WOULD SAY THAT UE'FC 85 CCH8 iOERABLY IN TTC VERY NEAR FUTURE LAKE CHARLES REPORT INC SEHV IS 85 LAKE CHAMJES REPORTING SERVICE 87 1 ALARMISTS. BUT I THINK WHEN A HAH DIES FROM AH 1 HORTON DEAN: 8 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE. THAT IS IMCCESSARY MO CAH BE 8 HR. SCHWEITZER. KNOWING WHAT YOU TCW MOW. 3 CONTROLLED. SHOULD BE ALARMED. 3 WOULD GLOW SCHWEITZER Live IN TTC VICINITY OF A 4 INITIALLY. UE HAD TTffCE DEATHS REPORTED. TTCM 4 VINYL OLORIOE OR POLYVINYL OUKIOE OR PROCESSING 5 UE HAD FIVE AN) SEVEN. ME) IT KEPT GROWING . AT THIS 5 PLANT? 6 POINT WE'VE IDENTIFIED 86. WHERE tC HAVE JUST GOTTEN 6 GLOW E SCHWEITZER: 7 OUR INVEST IGAT ICMS UNERUAY. I DON'T KNOW AT WHAT 7 I THINK IF I WOC FACED WITH THAT DECISION I 6 HUMBER POINT UE SHOULD 6BDC TERRIBLY CONCEJffCD. I 8 WOULD BE -* I WOULD CERTAIHY FACTOR INTO MY 9 LOOK UPON IT AS A VERY SERIOUS PROBLEM. 9 COCIOERATIONS TTC UNCERTAINTIES. ON THE OTTCR HAM). 10 NARRATOR: 10 I THITC TTCJC HAY WELL BE CIRCUWTAHCES WHICH WOULD 11 AT ABOUT TTC SATC Tl*. TTCJC WAS HOC 11 -- HAY AEOUIRE MY OMTACT WITH TTC OCMICAL. 18 DISQUIETING NEWSFROH CONBCTICUT' FOUR OTTCR 18 I HAVE GOC WALKED TTffOUGK A NUTCER OF TTCSE 13 ANG IQBAfCOHA DEATHS. HONS OF TTC VICTIMS IS KNOWN ID 13 PLANTS ArC OON'T FEEL I WAS EXPOSEDTO ANT 14 HAVE WORKED WITH VINYL OtXKIOE. BUT TWO OF THE 14 IMCCESSARY RISKS. BUT CERTAIW.TTHAT IS A 15 VICTIMS. BOTH ELDER.Y. HAD LIVED WITHIN TWO MILES GF 15 COO IOERAT ION 16 A VINYL PRODUCTS PLANT AN) SO FOR TTC FIRST TlfC 16 MORTON DEAN' 17 TTC SUSP 1C ION' TTC PROBLEM HAT HAVE JUMPED TTC 17 WELL. WHAT ARE YOU SAYING. YOU WOULD PREFER 18 FACTORY FENCE. 19 IT IS ESTIMATED THAT NATIONALLY MORE THAN 200 18 HOT TO LK IN TTC VICINITY OF TTC PLANT IF YOU IS DIDN'T HAVE TD? 80 MILLICM P0UNJ8 OF VINYL OEjORIOE GAS ESCAPES INTO TTC 80 GLOW 8. SCHWEITZER: 81 ATMOSPHERE EACH YEAR. UtSC IT GOES MO WHAT DANGER 81 I TH 11C FORTUNATELY I'M HOT FACED WITH HAVOC 88 IT MIGHT SPREAD. IS THE PROVIHCZ OF TTC FEDERAL 82 TO fMK THAT JUDGMENT. I THINK THAT IT MAY WELL BE 23 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. TTC EPA. 83 THAT OTHER CONSIDERATIONS WOULD COMPEL 1C TO LIVE IN 84 TTC AGENCY. WHILE EXWCSS l GREAT GOCEJW 84 TTC " YES. I UOUUM'T NECESSARILY RULE IT OUT. 85 OVER THE OEATHB IN COMECTICUT, HAS HOT AND DOES HOT 2S NARRATOR' LAKE CHARLES REPORTING SERVICE 2B LAKE OIMiS REPORTIhC SERVICE 28 Left* Charie* Reportine Servlca BFG28844 23961006 THE CASE OP TTC PLAST JC POML BFG28845 /A K )T 9 6 C Z T*C CASE or nc PLASTIC peril BFG28846 /f TVC CASE OF T)C R-AST 1C PERIL BFG28847 23961008 THE CASE OF TIC PLASTIC PERIL BFG28848 23361009 APHIL imi BFG28849