Document 71LB1E60aX9y9qRp82VY8kQpV

MOOUCTS APPLICATION LABORATORY B.T.GOODRICH CHEMICAL COMPANY Avon Lnk, Ohio Cuitoon Sorvico tof prt for Goon. Hl-Tt Goon ooA Aboon Pcnjnot 2701-1S2A by A, W fUllMbtttt BFG03860 October 3, 1902 I T 20551001 rojtct 2701-152A Flihtr Body hot ra^uit4 that dip Maflti of mar fUftiti la their standard production lacfar co dtecniM tba possibility of painting molded plastic pacta far automobiles. Conclaaioa: Their production languor adbarad to rigid gtatite? A aa^lt of rlabor Body's at todard prsdaetloa lacgear Products Application Laboratory by Art Korney* This languor mas poarad lato a aballoo eiuMmai tray after aisiag moll* Prooood 6" x 6M oaaploa of Gone 8759 Tolion, 8750 Natural, 870QA Cray aad hl-teep 5005 Cray ooro oocb cut into tbroo sopirato mfUa to faailitato dipping* Abaoa 89105 aad <19104 oars dipped aa teaaile dMbbolU, Baab aaaple uee dipped horleomtally aad thee turned over aad dipped agaia. Tba oodles osre tbea bag overnight to dry in the peiat spray One of The lergaer scraped uitlr plastics as tbs SMplee ana beat aad tnisted to try aad flake off the lscguer. *' \m nail adhered to the plastic The sms saaples were thee blade and tba languor appeared to be as nail adhered to the Mescal, All tba adhesion eaa then skipped to Art Korney. No exhaustive testlag of If this rnepsey intends to uoo this anthod It nonId bo nail to run further physi cal properties on, tba coated aanploa to detaroine aay detrimental effects possibly *""d by th# UM"r` <?. a tJcU+Ju-, Reference No.: 102-4-W CK-l ?*1 K* W. Nalloaburg ^ BFG03861 20551002 )o J o- kTTTCir Dec. 15, 1962 ANTIBIOTICS AS HUMAN FOOD SUPPLEMENTS MuhcSaal/tltoMmmi. M OJ lestion of protein. On a fixed intake of 60 g. daily the orem content of the faeces was estimated by a method which also estimated amino-acids. This was found to be higher in patients who had had gastrectomy than in normal individuals. The administration of 50 mg. tetra cycline daily to patients who had had gastrectomy caused an immediate steep full in the protein content of the faeces from 3.5-4 to 1-1.5 'g.%, accompanied by an average gain in weight in only five days of 1.2 kg. The alteration in the protein content of the faeces was less startling than may appear, because these percentages are based on wet weight, and both the bulk and the water content of the faeces increased during treatment, but it is nevertheless genuine, the actual reduction in protein con tent being about 40%. It therefore seems that small amounts of tetracyclines improve utilization of protein when gastric secretion is defective. Though (here are weighty reasons for discouraging the extensive use of antibiotics in human medicine for other purposes than the treatment of serious infections, their administration to improve nutrition in a selected group of patients seems to be warranted provided the beneficial effects can be confirmed. FAMILY INFLUENCE ON SCHIZOPHRENIA The influence of family relationships on the onset and course of a schizophrenic illness of one of its members has long attracted interest. Y. O. Alanen* in a study of the mothers of young schizophrenics concluded that they were more often disturbed than controls, tending to be domineering, excessively possessive, and to lack understanding of the patient's needs and feelings. He went so far as to suggest that the mother's attitude played a causal role, and offered this as an alternative to the more orthodox genetic explanation of the familial tendency of schizophrenia. The effect of the family setting on relapse of schizophrenic illness was studied by G. W. Brown and colleagues.* who showed that the readmission rate of discharged long-stay patients was greater if they returned to their wives or parents Chan if they went to stay with more distant relatives or lived in lodgings. A further study is reported by O. W. Brown, E. M. Monck. G. M. Carstairs. and J. K, Wing* of the fate of 128 mate schizophrenics aged 20-49 years, mostly short-stay cases. The patients were examined at the time of discharge from hospital and were followed up for a year. A " key ** relative, usually the wife or mother, was identified, and estimates were made of the amount of emotion, hostility, and "dominant or directive" behaviour shown by this relative and the patient to one another. Two hypotheses were tested. The first waa that deterioration in the patient's condition would occur if he was discharged to a home in which he was exposed to 1 Alanan. Y O-. Ana imv. kUa iromf . 19**. 33. I24.1 Bmn C W , Ctf'imr*. G M,. and Tuprtw. G-. Loom. 1*51. t. MS. i_____ M..IK+. f M Ctnuin. O M-. and Win*. J. 1C.. >!r. t ***.. Kfni 19*2. II 5* .... Far* R E L . a"* nwtham. H W., KJmol Dltankrt In Urban Arm, <414 Un'verMi* Praia. 0iea*v Har*. e H . J nn' S- l . i9J*. !/. 733. tea SOI- mrrf. J., 1962. I. 102. strongly expressed emotion, hostility, or domineering behaviour. The second was that if he returned to such a home relapse would be less likely if the degree of personal contact with the family was small. A significantly greater proportion of patients reluming to "high emotional involvement" homes deteriorated (76%) compared with those returning to " low emotional involvement" homes (28%). When the criterion of readmission to hosp tal was used the figures were 56% and 21% respectively. The patients from "high emotional involvement " homes were subdivided into two approximately equal groups depending on the length of time spent per week in contact with the " key " relative. In those patients showing a moderate or severe mental disturbance on discharge from hospital high contact did indeed show a significant relationship to deterioration. Though the same proportion of patienu discharged to lodgings deteriorated as among those returning to their wives or relatives, the authors believe that the home relationships did play some direct part in determining deterioration. R. E, L. Fans and H. W. Dunham4 in Chicago and E. H. Hare* in Bristol observed that those city areas in which social isolotion was most marked were peculiarly rich sources of schizophrenic patients. The social drift of potential schizophrenics to these areas is a Likely reason for part of this high incidence, but many psychiatrists believe that social isolation in itself it an active agent in provoking the psychotic breakdown.4 This paper of Brown and hit colleagues suggests another possibility--that social isolation is sought as a form of prophylaxis. It also seems to contradict some of the current views on providing a therapeutic community, with its emphasis on increasing the social contacts of schizophrenic patients. Clearly further work is needed in this field. [possible carcinogenicity of plastic SPONCES Plasties such as polyvinyl sponge have many uses in surgery and may come to be used even more. One bizarre application has been the attempt to construct shapely breasts in cases of hypomastia by the insertion of carefully moulded implants of M ivalon* polyvinyl sponge between the mammary gland and the underlying pectoral muscle. A disadvantage of the method is that after some months the new " breasts " tend to shrink, and may have to be removed because they become hard and uncomfortable. Dr, Cuthbert Dukes and Mr. B. C. V. Mitchley have had the opportunity to examine eight implants removed from four patienu from 4 to 18 months after insertion and to compare the histological changes with those produced experimentally by the subcutaneous implantation of pieces of ivaloo sponge in rats.1 The changes in the implants removed from both patients and rats were remarkably similar, the inter stices of the sponge being filled with collagen-producing fibroblasts, phagocytes, and muhinudeuled giant cells, oiikea. Cuiribm a., an* Mttcft)*?. Scfnacd C. V., Sra. J. piut. tan- 163. IS. 133. /W'/AS'S BFG03862 1596 Dec 15. 1962 POSSIBLE CARCINOGENICITY OF PLASTIC SPONGES i i. nr} aourisbed by new capillaries. At the periphery development and concomitant urbanization. Despite the of the implants detached panicles of sponge surrounded undoubted limitations on any scale of social classifica by collections of phagocytes and foreign-body giant tion intended to be valid for the nation there are cells were found in the surrounding tissue. In the important differences from one social group to another experiments oa rats, 20 animals received " thin " in way of life and in prevailing pattern of disease. implants (20x20x2 mm.) and 20 received "thick" Eighty per cent, of the children born into marriages of implants (20 x 20 x 5 mm.). Palpable tumours appeared completed fertility were born within the Arst ten years at the site of implantation, about 20 months later in the of marriage, but whereas the wives of salaried case of the thin implants, and some 6 months earlier in employees bore 89% of their children within ten yean the case of the thick implants in the 14 rats which lived more than ten months. All of the tumours showed the histological changes already described, but the 14 thick implants were invaded by spindle-cell sarcomata arising in the connective tissue outside the sponge. Only one of the thin implants was similarly invaded. There was no evidence of malignant change in any of the tissue removed from patterns, but the implants bad been in position for only short periods in relation to the rat experiments. Because the tissue response to the sponge was essentially the same in the human being and the rat the authors raise the question whether the remote effect--that is, the development of malignant sarcoma-- might not also apply to the human species. Since the answer is not yet available they feel that the best advice they can give to plastic surgeons is to use sponges as thin and as porous as possible, and to remove them when their purpose is served. of marriage the wives of unskilled labourers bore only 75% during the same period. Variations in infantile mortality with social class have long been recognized, and while of recent yean the decline in infant mortality faas run more or less parallel in each social class the decline io neonatal mortality has lagged in the lower social classes. There is a social-class gradient io the efficient use of health services as there is in the incidence of disease. Though poverty is much rarer in Great Britain than formerly extreme differences in physical environment still exist, and advene environmental factors play an important part in the production of ill-health and personality disorder. The less-well-off people seem to experience illness not so much with greater frequency as with greater severity. Likewise the increase in volume of incapacitating sickness with advancing age is due not so much to increase in frequency of sickness episodes as to the longer period of incapacity associated with each episode.* Again, the recovery of a patient after discharge from hospital is profoundly influenced by his HEALTH AND SOCIAL CLASS role in his household and at wort* Diseases, like persons, may exhibit social mobility: sometimes the Perhaps more than other social workers doctors are brought face to face with the complexity of forces which so often determine human welfare. The social aspects of medicine share fields of study with the social sciences, and the results from various fields may be needed to reinforce one another. The importance of thinking along these lines of combined approach is well exemplified In a recently published book. Sociology in Medicine,l of which the authors are respectively lecturers tn Manchester University departments of social and preventive medicine and social anthro pology. We need more efficient methods of using medical knowledge and of applying it to the changing social world. Medicine has a contribution to make in shaping the development of new communities and a new way of life, but these are matters in which medicine must co-operate with other social agencies. There is still no easy answer to the question. How best does one measure the degree of health, happiness, and efficiency in any social group or indeed in the individual ? Social and demographic changes are closely linked with economic change, such as the development of new processes at work, and there is inevitably growing diagnosis rather than the disease may be mobile, for there are fashions in diagnosis. Social mobility, whether upwards or downwards, can lead to stress in the individuals concerned, sometimes even to suicide. There is need for further study of the consequences of social mobility. How does a society which puts a premium on individual achievement handle those whose aspirations are thwarted ? It has been argued that mental disorders are social rather than medical concepts.4 They defiae a class of people who cannot fit into the norms of behaviour expected by the society in which they live. There is general agreement that the old-fashioned mental-hospital system was bad in that it purchased a degree of social tranquillity outside the hospital by sacrificing individuals to a regime ofteo open to serious criticism, and this, as was said recently in these columns,4 must be weighed against whatever social liabilities are entailed in maintaining a disabled person outside hospital, for this may place a considerable strain on the relatives. The psyebiatrist seeks to help bis patient: the sociologist can help him to do so to the maximum benefit of both patient and community. interest in the social stresses of modern industrial Suwwr, M. W.. and W*'*on. W.. Sodoiogr M UrMH, 1962. Oafard Umvcr,it Prrvi. London. SfrrnH Hrport on Incopoeiiotlnt Sltkntu. Scotland, 1939. London. Jfgmui and Commmnltr. Fuitktt Scottitk Studin. 1962. Oxford Univrf.it, P?m, London. W<rdf. C Inn* Fncton In tho Motor Function* Fipckout. 1962. Koutled*, and Kccan Paid. London. BfU. med. J.. 1942. 2. 904. We announce with regret the death on December 8 of Professor R. F. Woolmer at the age of 54. He was professor of anaesthesia at the Royal College of Surgeons. BFG03863 1 \ ,, U. i v L. i.- *% \ZZ * i* * % V -v ISB1JSTIUAL HYGIEXE -ui TOXICOLOGY Second Rmwlfd KdUlom , FRANK A. PATTY, fitter IIVOLUME TOXICOLOGY DmwU F. FmiKI nW P<i P. friiA, Erf/ifi Iw^w Ay Hit amum Knna * dutkmi V.lIIwunMW D.W.rKn iLW.OaM C.UKMI D.O. H*wau* UW.ttMutm* F. W. Hii> &n.niM ixn.iiMi HA.K0W U.LKOIIMNI V.A.PJVTT VXIm VLK.ttMOM f.LIWIM j.k.tmm U.A.VW INTERSOEXCE PUUUSIICUS * c diwUittM /1atm tTMry AVn> 1'ttrbf BFG03864 20553001 AUrtUTU iuiiwmaim iitwriiiiw tan Wa trriMhm. Pn^trimr ijMlwiilp m tlr^n 4ia nmm- oolr m!U H* laili*, AikIp 4wi nmin will Iw wobt aor i`rrl<. Thr Irtmuky ( llrnrliiiiib(rtl^ iwnnl v)m Uwib|i<l mm ikr or vtra IprUrliMfai thtricia by dotfaiiig. )W iniimtiaa. Prajiyinir ilirlilMrhlr nwnw mhm |mt* awl'IrriUtisil ta Hilxlipri ban the ryt It mU ant hr mnrd l naw iirims nr permanent lajiny. It ahuuU he wmiinl not bmunBalrly erith ntar. 4. Bntamlt StmmdmtJ* / PwrUtth famwr 9m The tfawhotd Omii ef proiiylm ilirbMih mm (wtaUhbnl hr the American Ctofetence ef Governmental Imhwtritl ltnbK hi April, IBM, at 7* pjtm. (UOmt/c*. meter.) & FhmtMqr The flammable Smite ef protTta* ilMlniib am 14 tm 144 per cent la air. The ignitkn temperature U A. * la I70*C. YPTCL CHLORIDE, au*a;a (Mooorblororikmo) L Vm irnfrnmrtml Zapata. . Vinyl chloride b used u a chemical mlrrmetEaU primarily ae a mrmotnrr fat plaatfe nsmfutvv. The Are sad cxpkniea hasard iibjrtir the dominant prab* lem |a handling vfa/l chloride. 1 ftn<N4 wrf Cbwlnl faawna Physical state: gas Molecular weight: BU. SperiiIt gravity; 09121 (30*/4*C) Melting point: --U3.7l*C Boiling pomt: -13i*C. Vapor density: 2.15 (air ml) Vapor preeeare: 2380 mm. Hg (20*0 Solubility: slightly soluble ia water; soluble in etfaannl and ethyl ether Flash point: --7fl*C. (open cep) I mt/UCer o 391 p-jun. aad 1 mua. O 2JS m&/m. meter at 25*0, 760 mrn.Bg I. IUi^mm Vinyl ehloride apjear* to he a material of trialhrcly her taxMtjr. The principal veeponet memo take enrol mitral nervous y*tru ik-pm***, eMrh may mult in ajmptonw of ibxxinc** ami ilUerHtilatKm llt an* *Mmnrhat rinrilar to the it* ipoime Irma ethyl rhfatrhb* r*jmwie. Thnv i thr mwwi long hrita* tie* occurring frum chronic nqwutc u saw nkuta i ulnmi) in acute vapor BFG03865 f S9M expBsiru Moat bivcriisriofr Al not iJiww kidaejr or Over damage. One frenp of iNtlioei imlinUnl mime hyiemnfa ( the fiver awl kfclwyi (ram acuta n* Iaw, U b rtmrhslnl that the material lam racrthlly a aarratte rffrrt, wilh saw* tong trritatiun ami a puMiltilHy of organ Injury. There has hera |ntr srifain aa of thl* material hi list chemieal industry tait ao rliairal reports of injury. Anti* f*jwr A'jyaoi. Mjr *t oLM rqaftcd the nsunwi1 of pars pip to single npomm> to raying eonrentrationa. Th* msfimiim time rooppnrratiawi , hahfariiti>tlpauroittwiredlypiepip*tftalollo; 3 to 7per seat for 1 bear and J`/i per real for t hama The maximal Urns oonnntmino hi ail far a single exposure without serioas dlsturhawre was !'/ par scat for 1 boor sad OJ per cent for t boom. It will be noted that it requires a Ugh enarentratioa to oaaae death. Tb* same autlion report that a reneentration of S'/i par scat af vinyl chloride to tiw ait for a |*riod af 3 Mtouloe will raw dinnww awl dwarimtalmr in as* powd men. They aha etwrreil a faintly plmmi odar at this romratmtiaa. Amlwall that dint fram m -tc a|iwura abound edema af the Jaap* ami leqwwmia of the kidneys anil tirer. Men exposed to vinyl *bloridt deterted a slight odor at 4100 pjua. This is the lowest concentration at which an odor was deterted. At 6600 p-pjn. for Vs hoar, they noticed diastases, tkepisen, and diattoet odor. Vinyl chloride hae been hvatiptri ee a poarible awterial lor i neethotle purposes by Peoples and ^cake1** mad by Ostcr cf at1** It was concluded that wfnyl chlnride was meat aartery for nee as aa anesthetic betawe of Ms circulatory aad cardiac effects. These studies were at 10 to 30 vet % and are hardly significant for todostrial exposure. CAronie Vapor Expoturt. Essentially ao tovestigatioos have been pobUslpd on the response to chronic Taper exposure. Schauxnann43 exposed miet and rata and found that they tolerated a level sufficient for "light aareosis* for periods of 4 horn dolly for 5 to 6 consecutive days or for 1 hour daily for 4 weeks without showing kidney or Hrrr injury. Torkeboa rf *iL"* (to ho published) report repeated exposures of animal* for 7 hourn/day, 5 dayx/wevk. At 500 p-pjn^ rate showed torreawd fiver weight and deropaUiology. At 300 and 100 p^um, rate ahowed increased fim weight, hut no ahangw enatd he ohservvd in dap or guinea pigs. All cprrie* tolerated 50 pp-m. far S months. Repeated rqwwurr* far 1 hour/hy at 300 or 100 pup.m. were toler- alod withoot observable effect. CtnwW /W* Arr/ tl--ifslwiw QwiSs tsw. y4i>|l--i It G, Iffy mY, A. Itoty. V. J. Ys*r, C r. IVmk*, >mUit Umkk trpta. V. A. Orpriw S*. teat, as. Xmwsi c *, nan. fcK.A.JW|4^swlC. . g, ||. lun, C. J. Cart, J. C, KwSi, and tl. J. fawiwilil, .IwWif t 3M oom. 20553003 --* BFG03866  V at - . .V ' - AUPUTIS IIAUWOSCATO m iWI'MHIIH UOS Ml TW Iwflin; pawl of riayl rUarala fa m laar Owlif Dm Bfpfal awtarfal . wcnapUtnlM tW tkia, Uwni fa a |Jdityafffm iidlhg oj pawiMy fraat Ufa . Abmrptia*, Emti**, v4 i/tteWm. Vt*jr JUlle fa bm of the nataboBan el this iiainpeuiid. It fafappairarty wJUy ibNtkJ hy the toy and rapidly sented by U* Jon-*. The little iafamliee tint it available would fcaficaU that Ivpa part faexrrcU-d by the hmgr anchaagnl. 4, H>||<M<i|aiilailK^/iVwiltimi fa^ww Tfa ttndwU Unit U rajl tliUnla era* nrtiliMinl tqr tb Awtrirai Cbo- femm of Corcnunoiul iMlartriai li/cfaofaU, b A|Rfl, USt, at 00 pfa U300a/ca.sicter). Tbfcritfartil^nqat UDpf. . Tte explosive limits of vinyl chloride an: fever, 4% tad la air). The auieifnkioa temperature fa 47243*G. AfvoL & MarW tTmmimg Prmpartim Vinyl thloridt has a adM.Toeetish odor. Theodor la not aa irfruiils vanJnf * propatty for weailn cxpocort. VINYL1DENE QILORIOE, OTfsCOa (14*lMcliIaroelfayleae) It tftm --4 lafa^rM fi/iww VmyHtfcnc chloride if uul as a ebemiral Intermediate, particularly at a nnufamcr la the |wwtodkw af rtactics. S. Fkftmtmm4CtemU1Prmp*nt*t Physical etaur clearmbritM Bgaki Molecular weight: MJfi Specific grarity: J4ifi(20V4*d Frettingpoint: -I3U*C. Sotting point: 3U9G> , Vapor density: 344 (air Vapor praaevre: Ml ana. l!g (299C.) Refractive index: 1.437 (20*C) ` For coat ia `saturated* air: 71 Density of "saturated" air: 34 (air si) SolobOity: bwoluMc ia water; soluble ia orgmic eatrcaU VM point: --15*C. (open rap) I atfa/'IUer C 25? mkw. swl I mua C 347 ffa/ra. Mcirr at SS"CL* 700 mn.Hk MT.faTHfa^i'.il|M.wlV.K.IIiiia4ji./W.tf|aAr./,Stll (Oil). 20553004 t BFG03867 T