Document 71KGVw6oVjMBOkgJY24wOnYv8
Pacific Operation* Los Anseles
3"83 Coroorate Avenue Suite 130 Cxpress.CA 90630 "141229-4806 fa\ :"14i 229-4803
Clayton
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT
ARCO 55
Industrial Hygiene Assessment Airborne Asbestos Fiber Concentrations
and Limited Bulk Sampling Aboard the SS Arco Sag River for ARCO Marine, Inc. Long Beach, California
Clayton Project No. 36087.00 September 4,1991
Clavion environmental Consutums. tnc. A Mirth 4 McLennan Company Novt.Ml Edtion.NI Wavne. PA Kwwieww.GA Pleasanton. CA Cypress. CA Windsor. Onuno Toromo, Onurio Birmintham, U.k. London. U.K. Southampton. U.h.
Clayton
IMWONMfSUl CONSUTaMS
CONTENTS
1.0 INTROPUCnQIi................................................................... 2.0 SUMMARY OF_ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING............... 2.1 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT................................................. 2.2 SUMMARY OF TRAINING.......................................................... 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS ......................................... 4.0 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES........................................... 5.0 RESULTS .................................................................. i.............. 5.1 AIR MONITORING RESULTS.................................................... 5.2 BULK SAMPLE RESULTS..........................................................
Em
l
1 2 2
2
3
3 3 4
Appendices
A RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBERS
.
B BULK SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS
C SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
D PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES AND REMODELING OPERATIONS
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(WUtONMtMAl
consultants
1.0 INTRODUCTION
ARCO Maxine, Inc. retained Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. to conduct an industrial hygiene monitoring and employee awareness training during the northbound sailing
of die SS Arco Sag River. The scope of services provided by Clayton is described in our
Proposal 91-PIH-148, dated June 19,1991, and includes the Terms and Conditions under which the work was performed.
The purpose of the assessment was to (1) monitor potential airborne fiber concentrations
aboard the ship during normal work activities, (2) collect a limited number of bulk samples,
(3) conduct asbestos awareness training sessions on board the ship while underway.
The northbound trip aboard die SS Arco Sag River a 70,000 dwt ship constructed in 1972,
covered approximately 2,100 nautical miles and a total time of just over five days. Air sampling was conducted during normal working operations while at sea. The following locations were monitored:
Officer's and Crew's mess Officer's and Crew's lounge Main deck, athwartship Computer Room Select staterooms Several locations throughout the engine room Radio room Galley Wheelhouse (Bridge) Cargo control room Pump room
From June IS through June 20, 1991, Mr. Steven R. O'Donnell Industrial Hygienist with Clayton assessed the condition of the asbestos-containing materials, collected air and bulk samples, and performed the training sessions. Clayton analyzed all air samples using phasecontrast microscopy (PCM) in accordance with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7400A. Forensic Analytical Specialties, Inc. a National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)-accredited laboratory analyzed the samples for asbestos content using the polarized light microscopy (PLM) technique and following the EPA "Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Samples", EPA-600/M4-82-020, December 1982.
2.0 SUMMARY OF ASSESS;
r AND TRAINING
The following summary is based on die results of sampling and Mr. O'Donnell's subjective observations.
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Clayton
COVSUITAM5
2.1 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT
Sampling was performed to measure airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. The sampling was accomplished by using electrically-operated high volume sampling pumps at approximately 15 liters per minute (LPM). All samples collected were area samples.
Area samples were collected randomly throughout die house, engine, and pump rooms. Select samples were collected in specific locations such as the radio room, second and third assistant engineer's stateroom, and the Chief Mate's stateroom.
Several bulk samples of materials were collected to determine their asbestos content. The materials tested included the following:
Cloth pipe lagging (over fibrous glass insulation) Cement and asbestos ceiling panels (overheads) Dust and debris generated during ceiling panel removal (overheads)
2.2 SUMMARY OF TRAINING SESSIONS
During the northbound voyage an "Asbestos Awareness Training" session was presented to the officers and crew. The following is a summary of the topics covered during the presentation:
Introduction (What is asbestos?) . Health effects from asbestos exposure US Coast Guard and OSHA Regulations Exposure assessment Control options Work practices Personal protection Disposal
During and following the presentation, an informal question and answer sessionwas carried out.
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS
The SS Arco Sag River routinely travels in ballast from ARCO terminals along the U.S.
West Coast to the Alyeska Terminal in Valdez, Alaska, Although the vessel normally carries approximately 110,000 bbls of ballast water during summer months, the ship carried only . 80.000 bbls on this voyage. This was done to create a rougher than normal journey, thus providing "wont condition" scenario with respect to potential dislodging of asbestos fiben.
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WIROWtf \T*l CONSUUMi
Sea conditions were generally calm, with slight seas and dear weather throughout the
voyage.
'
The ship while underway twists, bends, and vibrates even in calm seas. The engine and propeller vibration is evident throughout the house. Repair work on asbestos-containing materials is limited to emergency repairs at sea and all major work is conducted while in port by a licensed asbestos abatement contractor.
Personal protective equipment includes, but is not limited to TyvekTM coveralls, half-face negative-pressure respirators, safety goggles, and gloves.
4.0 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
The U.S. Coast Guard has two recommended exposure limits for shipboard employees. The
exposure limit for working environments is 2.0 fibers (longer than 5 micrometers) per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) determined as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). For living environments, the permissible U.S. Coast Guard limit is 0.1 f/pc.
OSHA asbestos standards mandate an 8-hour permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 and an
excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc as a 30-minute TWA. The OSHA action level is 0.1 f/cc, the level at which medical monitoring and other activities are required.
ARCO Marine, Inc. has made a commitment to comply with the more stringent OSHA
permissible exposure limit of 0.2 f/cc for all of its employees.
The EPA has recommended 0.01 f/cc as an acceptable limit for airborne fiber concentrations following asbestos abatement activities and prior to reoccupancy.
The EPA has limited the asbestos content of some materials; however, asbestos has not been
eliminated from all manufactured building materials. Therefore, the age of a building or ship cannot be used as the basis for assuming that a material does not contain asbestos.
5.0 RESULTS
Air sampling results are tabulated in Appendix A. Bulk sample analytical results are shown in Appendix B. The sampling and analytical methods are briefly described in Appendix C.
A large number of samples were collected during this survey in order to evaluate all potential exposure areas. A total of 46 samples were collected. A subgroup of 33 of these samples were submitted for laboratory analysis. The remaining samples were archived. Analysis of these samples was to be conducted if the initial data revealed measurable or significant levels of asbestos fibers.
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One sample collected in the engine room was overloaded with dust and debris (browncolored particles) and could not be analyzed.
5.1 AIR MONITORING RESULTS
The results of PCM analysis for these samples indicated airborne fiber concentrations ranging from .0035 to .02 f/cc. Samples showing concentrations of airborne fibers at 0.01 f/cc or above were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results of TEM analyses for the four samples submitted indicated airborne asbestos fiber concentrations of ranging from <0.00018 to 0.0021 f/cc. Results of analysis are shown in Tables 1 and 2 of Appendix A.
5.2 BULK SAMPLE RESULTS
Our assessment resulted in the collection of samples of suspect asbestos-containing materials for testing. As detailed in Appendix B, asbestos was identified in all of the materials we tested.
Clayton identified and sampled the following materials:
Cloth pipe lagging collected in the main deck water closet, Stateroom 18, Stateroom 18 head, and crew's laundry contained approximately 65 to 70% chrysotile asbestos. The material located throughout the ship is in good condition with only minor damage observed.
Cementitious ceiling panels (overheads) collected in the radio room contained approximately 30 to 35% chrysotile asbestos. These panels are considered non-friable and when handled properly should not present a fiber release potential.
Tiny chips (dust) that had fallen onto a desk during removal of a ceiling panel in the radio room were analyzed and contained approximately 35 to 40% chrysotile asbestos, the same percentage as the ceiling tiles.
Unless damaged or disturbed, cohesive asbestos-containing materials do not tend to become airborne. It is conceivable that water damage, maintenance activities, or vandalism could disturb the asbestos-containing materials, thereby increasing the risk of generating airborne asbestos fibers.
As an alternative to removal, ARCO has taken steps to help prevent the release of fibers by regularly examining and repairing all damaged asbestos-containing materials. An effective asbestos management program can prevent exposure of employees to airborne asbestos fibers
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fSMROSMlSUl COnsl Hants
during routine maintenance and renovation activities. A brief summary of these precautions is provided in Appendix D.
This report prepared by:
Je7 Steven I& O'Donnell
^ Industrial Hygienist
This report reviewed by:
4.)fc2o\w-rt___lw"s/*)
Jasw&t Singh, Ph.D., CIH w
Senior Vice President
Director, Pacific Operations
September 4, 1991
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CSWOKVOS'U.MUfNMUSl
APPENDIX A RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBERS
TABLE 1 RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS
ABOARD THE SIS ARCO SAG RIVER
FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED
LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 16, 1991
Clayton
CdNSlIl I AMIS
Sample Number
Sample Location
SR-716-01 SR-716-02 SR-716-03 SR-716-04 SR-716-05 SR-716-06
Officer's Mess Main Deck Athwartship Passageway Computer Room Boatswain's Stateroom Crew's Lounge Officer's Lounge
OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.0! f/ce
mSmammmpmlinmgmmP--ermiomd--m
Start
Slop
V0folAum|re amCmomn--cemnmtmramtimonm
(Liters)
Fibers Per cc* *
0837 1155
3,100
*
0855 1203
2,800
*
0908 1245
3,400
0.002
0902 1207
2,900
0.001
0913 1247
3,300
*
0917 1248
3,300
*
Weather: Calm&eas
Approximate Ship Location: Point Sur * = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3)
Ballast = Minimal
J60f7.TDL
l*age | of 6
RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS
ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER
FOR
ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED
LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
.
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 17, 1991
Clayton
ImIkunminiaI I tlKS|| I \NtS
Sample Number
-
Sample Location
Sampling Period
Start
Stop
Volume of Air (Liters)
Concentration
Fibers Per cc
SR-717-01 Engine Room Control Panel Area
0707 1129
4,100
0.01**
SR-717-02 Engine Room Forward of Main Generator
0713 1131
4,100
0.02**
SR-717-03 SR-717-04
Engine Room Port Side of Main Circulating Pump Engine Room Fire Station No. 23
0718 0725
1133 1134
4,000 3,600
0.008 ***
SR-717-05 Engine Room Astern of Boilers
0735 1135
3,800
0.003
SR-717-06 Master's Office
1452 1834
3,400
0.001
SR-717-07 SR-717-08
First Mate's Stateroom Chief Engineer's Office
1608 1447
1926 1832
3,000 3,600
0.003 *
SR-717-09 Radio Room
Fiber Concentration Standards........ .....
OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.01 f/cc
1849 2256
3,900
0.001
Weather: Cairn Seas
.
Approximate Ship Location: Oregon Coast
* = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3)
Ballast = Minimal ** = Sample submitted for TEM analysis (see results on Table 2)
*** = Sample overloaded with dust
36017.TBL
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imlw inmin'mI i I1NMH I AN IS
RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 17, 1991* *
Sample Number
Sample Location
SR-717-10 Wheelhouse (Bridge)
SR-717-11 Stateroom 18 AB Seaman
SR-717-12 Officer's Mess
SR-717-13 Galley
SR-717-14 Crew's Mess
SR-717-15 Main Deck Athwartship Passageway
SR-717-16 Cargo Control Room Fiber Concentration Standards OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.01 f/cc
Sampling Period
Start
Stop
Volume of Air (Liters)
Concentration
Fibers Per cc
1505 1510
1839 1859
3,400 3,600
0.004 *
1854 2258
3,800
0.002
1856 2300
3,900
0.001
1858 2301
3,800
0.001
1905 2306
3,800
*
1931 2304
3,200
*
Weather: Calm Seas Approximate Ship Location: Northern Washington - B.C. * = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3) Ballast = Minimal
JMI7.TBL
rge 3 of 6
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RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED LONG BEACII, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 18, 1991
Clayton |n\1ki ikmInia!
(ONMMI.NNIS
Sample Number
Sample Location
Sampling Period
Start
Stop
Volume of Air (Liters)
Concentration
Fibers Per cc
SR-718-01
Engine Room Control Panel Area
1129 1521
3,500
0.002
SR-718-02 Aft of Boilers, Port Side
1132 1350
2,200
0.006
SR-7I8-03 Starboard Side of High-Pressure Steam Turbine
1138 1522
3,500
0.003
SR-718-04 Port Side of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine
1142 1523
3,400
0.004
SR-718-05 Starboard Side of Turbine Reduction Gear Case
1146 1525
3,400
0.002
SR-718-06 Fire Station No. 23
1150 1524
3,300
0.002
SR-718-07 Radio Room (During Ceiling Panel Removal)
1441 1617
1,400
0.02***
SR-718-08 Officer's Lounge
1634 1807
1,400
0.012**
SR-718-09 Crew's Lounge
1637 2004
3,100
0.002
SR-718-10 First Mate's Stateroom
OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.01 f/cc
1642 2008
3,200
0.0035
Weather: Calm Seas Approximate Ship Location: Straights of Juan de Fuca * = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3) Ballast = Minimal ** = Sample submitted for TEM analysis (see results on Table 2)
J60I7.TBL
Pgc 4 of 6
RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 18, 1991
Clayton
0NIUM4NIM. C.ONStlt TANtS
Sample Number
Sample Location
SR-718-11 SR-7I8-I2 SR-7I8-I3 SR-718-14 SR-718-15 SR-7I8-I6 SR-7I8-I7 SR-718-18 SR-718-19
Chief Engineer's Office Master's Office Cargo Control Room Crew's Mess Galley Wheelhouse (Bridge) Stateroom 18 AB Seaman Computer Room Boatswain's Stateroom
OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level - 0.01 f/cc
Sampling Period
Start
Stop
Volume or Air (Liters)
Concentration
Fibers Per cc
1644 2012
3,200
1646 2013
3,200
I6SI 2017
3,200
1814 2005
2130
0002
2,900 3,600
2015 0010
3,600
2019
2011
0012
0007
3,600 3,700
2016 0004
3,500
Weather: Calm fceas
0.001 0.002
* *
0.001
* *
0.002 0.001
* = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3) Ballast = Minimal
MM7.TBL
l*Bfe S of 6
RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED LONG BEACII, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 18, 1991
Clayton
InIIkc imiInia! ( ONMII IAN IS
Sample Number
Sample Location
Sampling Period
Start
Stop
Volume of Air (Liters)
Concentration .......................... .
Fibers Per cc
SR-718-01
Engine Room Control Panel Area
1129 1521
3,500
0.002
SR-718-02 Aft of Boilers, Port Side
1132 1350
2,200
0.006
SR-718-03 Starboard Side of High-Pressure Steam Turbine
1138 1522
3,500
0.003
SR-718-04 Port Side of Low-Pressure Steam Turbine
1142 1523
3,400
0.004
SR-718-05 Starboard Side of Turbine Reduction Gear Case
1146 1525
3,400
0.002
SR-718-06 Fire Station No. 23
1150 1524
3,300
0.002
SR-718-07 Radio Room (During Ceiling Panel Removal)
1441 1617
1,400
0.02***
SR-718-08 Officer's Lounge
1634 1807
1,400
0.012**
SR-718-09 Crew's Lounge
1637 2004
3,100
0.002
SR-718-10 First Mate's Stateroom
mer Concentration Standards
OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.01 f/cc
1642 2008
3,200
0.0035
Weather: Calm Seas Approximate Ship Location: Straights of Juan de Fuca * = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3) Ballast = Minimal
** = Sample submitted for TEM analysis (see results on Table 2)
360I7.TBL
t*ge 4 of 6
RESULTS OP SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED LONG BEACII, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 18,1991
Clayton
UMUtMNMl I'.ONSIII lANtS
Sample Number
Sample Location
SR-718-11
Chief Engineer's Office
SR-7I8-I2 Master's Office
SR-718-13 Cargo Control Room
SR-718-14 Crew's Mess
SR-7I8-I5 Galley
SR-718-16 Wheelhouse (Bridge)
SR-718-17 Stateroom 18 AB Seaman
SR-7I8-I8 Computer Room
SR-718-19 Boatswain's Stateroom
an i t'l iTinyfmTTiETT; OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) =2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.01 f/cc
Sampling Period
Start
Slop
Volume of Air (Liters)
Concentration
Fibers Per cc
1644 2012
3,200
0.001
1646 2013
3,200
0.002
1651 1814
2017 2130
3,200 2,900
*' *
2005 0002
3,600
0.001
2015 0010
3,600
*
2019 0012
3,600
*
2011 0007
3,700
0.002
2016 0004
3,500
0.001
Weatfier: Calm fceas
'
Approximate Ship Location: Straights of Juan de Fuca
* = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3)
Ballast = Minimal
36M7.TBL.
I'age 5 ol 6
RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE FIBER CONCENTRATIONS
ABOARD THE S/SARCO SAG RIVER
FOR
ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED
,
LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: July 19, 1991
Clayton
EWUM4NIH CONSIII (AMIS
Sample Number
Sample Location
SR-719-01
SR-7I9-02
SR-719-03 SR-719-04 SR-719-05
Second Assistant Engineer's Stateroom (During IGS Fan Operation)
Third Assistant Engineer's Stateroom (During IGS Fan Operation)
Pump Room
Weight Room (Gym)
Pump Room
OSHA PEL = 0.2 f/cc Coast Guard (Working Environment) = 2.0 f/cc Coast Guard (Living Environment) = 0.1 f/cc EPA Recommended Clearance Level = 0.01 f/cc
Sampling Period
Start
Stop
Volume of Air (Liters)
Concentration
Fibers Per cc
1256 1605
2,900
0.006
1255 1606
3,000
0.006
1318 1632
2,800
0.001
1306 1634
3,200
0.002
1632 2000
3,100
0.001
Weather: Calm &eas
Approximate Ship Location: Alaska Panhandle
* = Archived (See reference on archived samples on p. 3)
Ballast = Minimal
J6047.TBL
tV| 6 of 4
TABLE 2
. Clayton
CUNSIII IANIS
RESULTS OF SAMPLING FOR AIRBORNE ASBESTOS FIBER CONCENTRATIONS BY TEM ABOARD THE S/S ARCO SAG RIVER FOR ARCO MARINE INCORPORATED LONG BEACII) CALIFORNIA
CLAYTON PROJECT NO. 36087.00 SAMPLING DATE: JULY 17-18, 1991
Sample j Nujtiber . . . / , .
Sample Location
: : Sampling Period ^:--Statev Stop
Volume of Air , (litters)
; - Asbestos Concentration
SR-717-01 SR-7I7-02 SR-718-07 SR-718-08
Engine Room Control Panel Engine Room, Forward of Main Generator Radio Room (During Ceiling Panel Removal) Officer's Lounge
0707 0713 1441 1634
1129 1131 1617 1807
4,100 4,100 1,400 1,400
<0.00018 <0.00018
0.0021
<0.00053
< '= Less than (below the limit of detection for the analytical method) cc = Cubic centimeter of air f = Fibers >5pm length, > 0.25/im diameter, 5:3:1 length:widlh
Analytical Method: NIOSH 7402. May 15, 1989
)SOt7-T.TBL
Clayton
*\VWOSMf\Ui ON$UtTA\T>
APPENDIX B BULK SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS
Clayton
(\V!RO\\if\Ui C0\5LIT4\T5
The tables in Appendix B include the following information:
A. Material Sampled
~
A physical description of the material sampled in the assessed building or structure.
B. Location of Material in Building
The location of the material (e.g., pipe wrap or joint insulation) in the assessed building or structure).
C. Amount Asbestos Present
The approximate amount of asbestos-containing materials present in the building based on observations, drawings, or other sources of information.
D. Condition
The condition of the material present, which was subjectively evaluated by the investigator (e.g., good, fair, or poor).
. Accessibility
The accessibility to the material is evaluated as follows:
s (Staff-only) -- materials behind locked doors (e.g., boiler rooms) and
materials above dropped ceilings (e.g., pipe joint wrap)
M (Moderate) -- materials that can be seen but not reached without some effort (e.g., high ceilings)
(Easy) -- materials within the employees' reach (e.g., low or stairwell ceilings, wrap on pipes)
F. Friability
The ability of a material, when dry, to be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. Friability was subjectively evaluated by the investigator as low, moderate, or high.
G. Field Identification
The first letters in the column are an abbreviation for the client. The number is the material identification number assigned by the Clayton investigator. At least three representative samples were collected for each type of friable or suspect material sampled as material content is not always uniform.
v
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CSOWNlRSOCSlTMAlvVUT.i
H. Sample Location
The physical location where the sample was collected in the assessed building or structure.
I. Estimated Percent and Type
The numbers indicate the percent of each type of asbestos present in the sample. Percentages are not reported for materials not containing asbestos.
Ship: Data: Investigator:
S/S ARCO SAG RIVER June 18,1991 Steven R. O'Donnell
BULK SAMPLE ANALYTICAL RESULTS
Client:
ARCO Marine, Inc,
Project No.: 36087.00
Clayton
ENVIWM4NIAI C.ONSIII IANIS
''t ; - :
: Material Sampied
Estimated Amount Present
'..
! -i;y.p.i
L E
N
G
Location of
:-,t-
Material on Ship dH
.D *J
A
S Q
F .T
Cement and aeheetoa colling panel
Celling panal chlpa
Throughout houee Radio room
Calling panal dust
Radio room
Cloth plpa lagging
Throughout ship
Ctsth p^>e lagging
Throughout ship
Cloth plpa lagging
Throughout Ship
Cloth plpa lagging
Throughout Ship
N/a N/a
N/a N/a
N/a
N/a N/a
s:.:
* . "r
5;1 1v 5^J"aiv'siSi. iv- V'*
Percent Asbestos?. = j
A
Q
c
.
CC
A > v H : C ..
.
0 E,;:F:L k -
.
? M -i'dd H ft K-: v ,v.Total
N : S ft!..V.
... .
OilN Percent
0 S 1 Field I.D. . - Sample Location ::: $ .4-?. S.... O dd ft Asbestos .
G E l SR-RS-CP Radio room
30-35
30-35
SR-RS-CPC Radio room SR-RS-PD Radio room G E M SRPL-Ot Statsroom IS G E M SRPL-02 Stateroom 18 haad G E M SR-Pl-03 Main dock water doaet
a E M SR-PL-04 Craw Laundry
30 35 35-40 65-70 65-70 65-70 65-70
30 35 35-40 65-70 65-70 65-70 65-70
*Anatyeie parlormad In Moanhne* with EPA Protocol for MbHtM using petwlMd Ight mlcroeeopy (PIM).
Ola Diameter Sq Ft > Square Peat
Cand G F P
- Condhfon Good - Fair Poor
Accaia S M E
AecaaalltSfty
a Stall Only
m Moderate
- Eaey
Fri - FrlabWty H - High L Low
Amoo Amoaita
Chrye " ChryaotSa Croo - CtocMohte
ND Not Dotactad f<1%!
N/a Not Ouantinad
3000M.TM.
Pw l *l t
Clayton
fwieosMisui
CONSULTANTS
APPENDIX C SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Clayton
<n\IROnmE\Ui
CONSULTANT
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHOD PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY (PCM)
DIETHYL OXYLATE
Samples for the evaluation of airborne fibers are collected using portable pumps to draw air at measured flow rates through filters. The filters are contained in open-faced cassettes. The filter is a 25-millimeter diameter mixed cellulose ester membrane type.
Samples are collected with die filter facing downward. Area samples are positioned so that the filter is between 3 and 5 feet above the floor to approximate workers' breathing zone heights. Unless mentioned otherwise in the sample description, all area samples are collected at fixed locations throughout the sampling period. Personal samples are collected using portable pumps worn by the worker, with the cassette in the breathing zone.
Bach sample is analyzed for fibers using the microscopic technique currently specified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods No. 7400. Briefly, the technique consists of the following steps:
1. A wedge-shaped sector of each filter is cut carefully from the sample and mounted on a standard microscopy slide. A high-viscosity solution of
membrane filter material in 1:1 mixture of diethyl oxalate and dimethyl
phthalate is used to render the filter transparent.
2. Fibers (defined as particles having an apparent length to width of three or greater) that are visible on the surface of the film are counted. This is accomplished using a binocular microscope equipped with lOx eyepieces and a 40x objective with phase-contrast illumination.
3. Walton-Beckett recticle fields, selected at random on the sample, are examined. Fibers greater than 5 micrometers in length are counted until either of two conditions is satisfied: (a) A minimum of 100 fibers is counted in 20 or more fields; (b) A minimum of 100 fields is examined.
Results of the microscopic analyses are used with field sampling data (measured flow rates and duration of sampling) to calculate the concentrations of airborne fibers corresponding to each sample. The results are expressed in units of fibers greater than
5 micrometers in length per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc).
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METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR BULK ASBESTOS USING POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY (PLM)
When a bulk asbestos sample is received, several representative portions of the sample are removed and put into a labeled petri dish. The sample parts are examined through a stereobinocular microscope and fibers are extracted using forceps. These extracted fibers are then placed on a microscope slide and mounted using a refractive index solution [high dispersion (HD) Pargiiie liquid]. After being mounted, the fibers are identified using PLM, supplemented by dispersion staining1. After fiber identification by PLM, an estimation is made as to the percentage (area) composition of asbestos. The estimated percentages are based on size, number, shape, and density of each of the components, and comparison to a standard set of samples previously quantitated by the interim Research Triangle Institute (RTT) method2.
1 MeCrone, Walter C., The Asbestos Particles Atlas. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 1980. * Research Triangle Institute, `Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestifonn Minerals in Bulk Insulation Samples.* Page 8 to 12, 1982.
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SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHOD TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM)
MODIFIED NIOSH 7402 METHOD3
Upon receipt in the laboratory, filters are transferred to a glass slide on a drop of dimethyl formamide/acetic acid clearing solution. After clearing, samples are partially ashed in a plasma asher. The filters are then carbon coated in a vacuum evaporator. Portions of the cleared/ashed/coated filters are excised and placed on 200-mesh copper TEM grids in a wick-type solution washer with 100 percent dimethyl formamide. Two grids are placed consecutively in the TEM for examination. Five grid openings are examined on each at 15,000 time magnification. Asbestos structures containing
fibers which meet a more than 3:1 length:width aspect ratio and a minimum length of 1
urn are identified by morphology by selected area electron diffraction and energydispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Fibers are classified by structure type, sized (length and width), and identified as chrysotile, amphibole, ambiguous, or nonasbestos. Results are reported as total asbestos structures per square millimeter of filter and asbestos structures per cubic centimeter of air.*
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APPENDIX D PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND REMODELING OPERATIONS
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PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND REMODELING OPERATIONS
A. Maintenance Activities
The following precautions should be taken whenever maintenance activities may potentially disturb or release asbestos fibers. Many of these precautions are required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) new asbestos standard contained in the Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1926.S8).
Maintenance activities should be performed when the affected area is unoccupied. If any asbestos-containing materials have been dislodged during maintenance work, the affected area should be cleaned with a vacuum system equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Accumulations of asbestos dust should be cleaned up with a HEPA vacuum or by wet mopping. Dry sweeping causes fibers to become airborne.
Persons performing routine maintenance work should be monitored to determine their exposures to asbestos fibers. Maintenance personnel should be provided with and required to wear respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Each maintenance employee should be trained in the correct use and maintenance of these respirators, evaluated by a physician to determine his or her ability to use a respirator and be fit-tested to determine that the respirator selected will provide adequate protection for that individual.
Maintenance workers should receive instruction in the potential health effects of asbestos and in safe work practices, including what precautions to take to minimize disturbance of the asbestos-containing materials.
B. Renovation Activities
Any plans for renovation should be carefully evaluated to determine if such activities will involve disturbance of asbestos-containing material; if so, the following precautions should be taken.
The renovation area should be isolated from the remainder of the facility. Typically, this involves the construction of a temporary plastic barrier with an "air lock" for worker entry. Ventilation in the zone should be temporarily isolated (the air movement system between the renovation area and neighboring areas should be shut off) and an exhaust fan should be used to place the renovation area under a slight negative air pressure in relation to the rest of the facility. The fan should exhaust out-of-doors and be equipped witha HEPA filter.
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All persons entering the renovation area should be provided with and required to use NIOSH-approved respirators and disposable coveralls and caps. Requirements for fit-testing and medical evaluation as described above for maintenance workers also apply to renovation workers. Air monitoring should be performed routinely around the perimeter of the renovation area to ensure that asbestos fibers are not released into other areas of the building. Personal sampling should also be conducted to evaluate potential exposures of renovation workers to asbestos and to determine the type of respiratory protection required. Construction debris that may contain asbestos must be sealed in impermeable containers, labeled, and disposed in accordance with U.S. EPA and OSHA requirements. Warning signs must be posted around the renovation area. These signs must meet current OSHA requirements. Whenever possible, the asbestos-containing materials should be wetted prior to any disturbance to reduce asbestos fiber emission. Prior to dismantling the barriers at the completion of work, the area should be cleaned thoroughly using wet mops or vacuums with HEPA filters. Clearance air sampling should be conducted at this
time to ensure that asbestos concentrations are at or below 0.01 fibers (longer than
5 micrometers) per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc). The 0.01 f/cc limit is the EPA recommended clearance criterion for reoccupancy after construction activities involving asbestos-containing materials.
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