Document 710omLLaQQ2Q1kq5enK4Zz5xB

HWBB-000782 Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., Way 15, 1937 o. A. News Items 236 BUREAU OF INDUS .'RIAL HYO!-v* poR WISCONSIN. Surv. Labor Law Admin. 12, Mar. 3 A bureau of industrial hygiene is planned in the Wisconsin State HealTh Depart* ment, through cooperative efforts of State and Federal Health Departaents. This bureau is to render teohnical service to the Industrial Commission, whioh is charged with the responsibility of enforcing rules and regulations, assuring safe and healthful working conditions in the state. ' (The March, 1037, issue of the Survey of Labor Law Administration, including 0 this and the following items with other material of interest, oan be obtained on application to the Division of Labor Standards, U. S, Department of Lab<, Washington, D. C.) 237, INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LEAFLETS. Surv, Labor Law Admin. 12, March 1937. The Division of Labor Standards has prepared four ad3Ttional Industrial Leaflets, dealing with cause and prevention of methyl aloohol, oarbott chloride and carbon bisulfide poisoning and carbon dioxide asphyxiation* v Copies will be avail-ble for distribution in the near future* Those aewato* tainablo include: (l) industrial skin diseases, (2) anthraoosilicosi*, (3) arsenic, (4) carbon monoxide, (5) chromium, (6) raeroury, (7) lead* (8) bensen* poisoning and (9) silicosis. They are very brief, but present the extent of exposure and fundamental rules of prevention for employee* and worker** They are obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., at 5 cents each. The numbers given above are the number* of the leaflet*. 238. HEALTH OF GRANITE SUTTERS, Surv, Labor Law Admin. 12, Maroh 1937. The U. S. Public Health Service made an extensive s'Sudy of health condition* among granite workers in Barre, Vermont, in 1928, and is now beginning a reex* amination. Tho results of the presont study should furnish additional inportan data conocming silicosis 'under controllod and uncontrolled condition** 239. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LABOR, MEDICINE & HYGIENE FOR MEXICO. Surv. Labor LV Admin. 12-13^ March 1937. `vi The Me xi oanuove rament has been requested by its Labor Dcparhaent t*. appro* * priato funds for a National Institute of Labor, Medicine and fyglene* A recent cooperative meeting has given impetus to a general mownosnt to Japrot* health conditions, including the establishment of that Institute. > 03117752 JX Reference to Recent Literature - 2 HMBB-0007829 240. ILLINOIS CODES CN SAFETY .'I'D HEALTH. Surv. Labor Law Admin* 14, March, 1937 The Industrial Commission has appointed committees representative of all in terested agencies cr.d is proceeding with the development of codos on safety and health. A policy committee hr. s been formed to guide the work generally and to avoid duplication and overlapping of codes. The codes of other States and other safety inform.'ion collected by organizations are boing used freely as source material. 241. THE DUST STILL FLIES. Eng. News Pec. 118., 45S March 25, 1937 Last June New York State enacted a law to reduce the silicosis hazard in rock drilling and excavation, but the law is still inactive, awiatine action of the Industrie 1 Commission in formulating a code for its application and administra tion. The main- c.-.us<- c*' delay is a protest by coment and gypsum interests over the tcchr.ic 1 definition of silica-boaring rock. The editor urges tho end of quibbling over the definition, and action on the law, so that all concerned may knov* where the" stand. 242. FIRST AIR CONDITIONED METAL MINE. Mining Cong, J., 23, (March, 1937) p. 41 Installation of air conditioning with mechanical refrigeration in the Magma copper mince at Superior, Arizona, was announced by V/, H. Carrier. Tho normal t-mporc.turc at tho depths of 3400 to 3600 is 95 to 100 with high humidity, .v forced ventilating system is used. 243. MINERS* PHTHISIS IN SOUTH AFRICA. Iron and Coal Trades Rev., 134, 454 * * (March 5j 1937), frer. So. African Min. and Engj J* The years since attention -was first directed to silicosis and precaution**^ measures were ur.dcrt .ken have seen a continual decreaso in its prevalence#. Silicosis cases new u-'mber less than half of what they were in 1920 to 19234 There has been a sli h.t upturn in the past year but it is no cause for alum* One probable cause is the great increase in the number of miners. Tho teereese' amount of rock drillin' is probably a factor. The reduction of dust trm. this source is new being studied. B. General and Scientific Parers 0.1117753 | In cases where we Jaiow or believe that reprints are obtainable from .American an some other authors, their addresses are given. A few papers under this heading and many 'under the next one are by Prenoh and German authors. In many cases reprints in the original language are probdbly available from the authors, but considerable delay will be involved, both in locating the author's address and in sending for the reprint. We suggest in order to avoid some of that delay, to order a copy of the periodical giving the name of the periodical (as abbreviated here), and the month or day of issue if , given, or the pages included if not, from. G. E. Steohert & Co*, 31 Bast 10th St New York, N.Y. Thev will first quote prices if preferred, but it will probeblj average 50 cents or so for ordinary publications. 244. SILICA AND SILICATE SOLUBILITIES. Albert C. Titus. J, Ind. Hyg. & ?ox,# 19. 138-145 (March, 1937). In earlier investigations of the solubility of silica, the methods did not pe*. distinguishing the silica in true solution fran that in the oolloidal state, .. the results were variable and often apparently too high. The author used a cc bination of earlier methods with ultra filtration and determined the silica by the colorimetric method of King and Stantinl. He found 0.05 mg. silica in IOC cc. water when either pure silica or scricite was dissolved, and 0,1 mg* per 1 cc. from dolomitic chert containing 5% free silica. In blood serum, which ca tains normally 1 mg. silica per 100 cc., none of the materials mentioned dis solves sufficiently to increase the amount perceptibly. (Reprints are obtainable from the Division of Industrial Hygiene,Harvard School of Publio Health, Bosto: Mass.) References to Recent Literature 3 HMBB-0007830 245. TEE OCCURRENCE OF SILICOSIS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SILICON ALLOTS. Torsten Bruce, J. Ind. Hyg. and Tox. 19., 155-162, April 1937. The author presents the results of an investigation of the presence of eilicosi in two Swedish factories producing silicon alloys. In the prooess both silicon and silica vapors rise through the furnace and are condensed and given off as dust, in considerable quantities. In one factory 8 out of 18 workmen examined, who had worked 4 to 8 years, were found to have silicosis, 3 being in the seoon< stage. In the other faotory, which was much older, 5 out of 26 examined had silicosis, only one being in the second stage, and the first clear case was after 14 years' employment. There were also two other suspeoted cases after 9 years' employment. The lower incidence in the older plant is evidently due to the use of an exhaust system which removes most of the dust which would other wise settle in the plant. (Ir. this survey and others nn.de in Sweden, dust counts would have added much to the value of the reports. - Abstractor) Reprints in English arc obtainable from Dr. Bruce, Royal Seraphimer Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.) 248, FURTHER STUDIES IE THE TOTAL PULMONARY CAPACITY AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS IN CASES OF PULLOE.-.RY flll'OSIS. Ible.n L. Knltreider, Waltor V/. Fray and H. van Zile Hyde. J, ind. ar.d >x.. 1_Q_, 163-176 (April 1937), This pai;er oup-'c.:.:res eaTTicr work by sane of the authors, showing the extent of the impairmcnr of Iv.ig capacity in cases of fibrosis. In the present paper a cn red ion for .'go is applied to the earlier results, and new cases are tdded As fihias's ircre.'.ses, the total and vital capacities are reduced, while tlfcft resiauaj n.lr ana mid-capacity increase. If emphysema is present, the toto^- cr.::.ibty ic r.ct materially changed, but the vital oapaoity is reduced and the residual air is increased. The percentage of residual air referred to total cavuj'.t/ is proportional to the degree of dyspnea. Individuals with minimal fibrosis do not become worse when removed frean the dusty occupation. (Reprints my be obtained from Dr. Kaltreider, University of Rochester, School of Nedicine, Rochester, N. Y.) . i47. SILICOSIS AND RELATED CONDITIONS. Leroy U. Gardner. J. Ind. Hyg. A Tox., < IS, 111-125 (March, 1937) The first clarifying studies of silicosis in 1915 gave results that have been repeatedly confirmed by subsequent investigators, namely, that free silica is the- only cause of silioosis, that the action of silica is chemioal and not mechanical, and that pure silioosis is not infective, that it refers the patie more susceptible to tuberculosis, and that other dusts, including silicates (ex copt asbestos) do not produce any type of fibrosis. The author defines sil icosis as "a chronic disease resulting from the prolonged inhalation of par ticulate- silica." The most distinguishing characteristic of silieosis is the presence of fibrotic nodules, found especially in the nodes of lymphatic vessels, and caused by irritation resulting frean the presenoe of free silica. The only other cause of similar nodules is the tubercle bacillus* no other inor genic arterial (except asbestos) produces similar effects. The complications that arise from silicosis include neither pneumonia, which seems to be retarded rather than assisted; nor heart and kidney diseases in spite of statements to the contrary based on isolated cases. Emphysema (in flammation of lung tissue) sometimes exists, but the most important explica tion is tuberculosis. It has been fully established, statistically and ex perimentally, that tuberculosis is much more common among siliootics then among normal persons. The tuberculosis of siliootics, however, exists in such a mod ified form that the distinguishing term silico-tuberculosis is generally ap plied. In most cases silico tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose, especially in the early stages, because tho bacilli build up an extension of the fibrous tissue and other local reactions and are not expelled through the sputx, fror which they are often absent until just before death. This inoreased suscepti bility to tubcroulosis has not been explained satiafaotorily* Various theoric HWBB-0007831 References to Recent Literrture - 4 have been presented, but none of then has been conclusively established, and much more work is necessary in that field. Diagnosis of silicosis, whether pure or complicated by tuberculosis, is dif ficult bocause there arc few physical manifestations before the final stage* It must be based on x-ray examination and a complete occupational history, in cluding that of exposure to dust and the concentration and composition of the dust. In a very general way it can be said that prolonged exposure to free silica dust in excess of 5 or perhaps 10 million particles of free silica is sufficient to produce silicosis, but the action of silica is so modified by the presence of other dusts that higher free silica concentrations may be ham less when other dusts are present. Much more experience will have to be ac quired before any general standard of permissible dustiness can be established. The difficulty of recognizing both pure silicosis and silico-tubcrculosis in their earlier stages, and therefore of beginning adequate treatment before it is too late, makes periodic and thorough examinations indispensable. The real solution of the problem is dust prevention* "The time is not far distant when dangerous concentrations of dust will no longer be permitted in American in dustries. They have been reduced to safe limits in some of them; they can be in all." (Reprints may be obtained from The Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, Saranac Lake, N. Y.) 248. QUARTZ IN INDUSTRIAL DUSTS ..YD DEPOSITS ON HUMAN LUNG TISSUES! X-RAY DIFFR4P - TION, CHEMICAL ADD SPECTROGRAJHIC STUDIES. Viotor Hicks, Olive MoElroy eujd Nary E. Viarga. J. Ind. Hyg. and Tox., 1, 177-186 (1937) * Several samples of industrial and atmospheric dusts were examined by 'dif fraction and spectrographic methods. The methods gave somewhat differ**! suits, as they vary in the emphasis on different substances. Siliocn u found by the spectrographio method in all the dusts, and quarts was Identified by the diffraction method in most of them. Since quarts dust is so generally present in the air, it may be expected ir. lungs, whether silicotic or not. X-ray examination showed the- presence of quarts in 5 out of 8 non*siliootie lung specimens examined, but an unidentified substance was present in others. The silicon content of some lungs in which quartz was thus found was as low as 1.4 mg. silica per gram of dried tissue. (Reprints may be obtained by addressing this office.) 49* REPORT on 1936 SURVEYS OF MEDICAL SERVICE IN INDUSTRY BY THE AMERICAN COLIE GE OF SURGEONS. N* Newquist, Surg., Gynecol, and Obstet., vol 64, pp 403-406 (February 15, 1937). . This paper reviews 1,593 surveys of industrial establishments in the U. S. and Canada. The first point considered is the soope of adequate industrial service, with emphasis on medical examinations and supervision, proper oare for industrial diseases, first aid and advice about occupational hazards. The second subject is the confidential nature of physioal examination reoords Civil courts have ruled that these are confidential. An industrial eommissic. v er, however, may subpoena such information as has on important bearing on a claim for insurance. Only results of examinations expressed in odes should bo filed with the worker's employment record. Finally, the problom of medico, service for small plants is a special problem. These plants employed million workers in 1929. The solution of the problem is "group servioo , i.o. a group of qualified physicians should provide service to groups of small plants. 03117755 ./ <; References to Recent Literature - 5 250* SPECIFIC TISSUE REACTION TO PHOSPHOLIPIDS. A SUGGESTED EXPLANATION P TEE SIKILaRITY OF THE LESIONS OF SILICOSIS AND PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. J. T. Fallon. Canadian Med. Assoc., J., vol 36, 223-228 (March, 1937) The many similarities between tho tubercle and the silicotic nodule led the author to search for a single substance that is produced in both silicosis and tuberculosis and causes the irritation leading to nodule formation. In both cases there are large accumulations of monocytes which degenerate with the pro duction of phospholipids. There is therefore a probability that the phospho lipids arc responsible for the irritation and resulting fibrosis. This hy pothesis was tested by several methods. After injection of silica into various tissues of rabbits the amount of phospholipids increased until the 16th week, when it began to decrease. Silicates introduced similarly produced only a mod erate increase in phospholipid content of the lung and no fibrosis. Some of the phospholipid recovered from these animals was filtered to remove silica and then injected into other rabbits. In 4 weeks nodules very much like the sil icotic r.odulos in the early stages were fomed. They also simulated the lesions already demonstrated by Sabin, who similarly injected phospholipid front the tubercle bacillus. In the author's experiments the possibility remains that some silica in soluble fern remained in the phospholipids injected. However, the theory is most attractive, and if fully substantiated answers one of the perplexing questions of the histogenesis and tuberculosis. (Reprints arc probably obtainable from the author, at Banting Institute, i University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.) t 251. ETIOLOGY OF SILICOSIS. V. Rcichrannn. Med. Klin., 33, 226-229 (19*7). The author disagrees with other German investigators who claim to have observed silicotic changes resulting fran inhalation of graphite,,and rust, on the ground that no roentgenological, pathological or histological proof has been presented. Of the 20,000 cases of silicotic lung changes ho has seen, he found none that were not caused by several years' exposure to quarts dust. A check of a msaber of cases of silicosis, allegedly due to other causes, disclosed that there had been sufficient oxposure to silica dust to produce the result. Arguments against the Jones scricito theory arc also presented. 252. SILICOSIS IK SPAIN. A. Oiler. Arch J. Gewerbepathol, 7, 383-387 (1936). The author gives statistics on silicosis in the Spanish Eodalquilar gold mines, in which tho gold is found in layers of quartz, but no sericite is present. The mines are dry drilled and have been in operatic for 6 years. Ten workers died from silioosis in 1935, and 32 cases of silicosis were found in the 110 employees. In a ccramio factory 16 cases of silioosis were found among 350 workers. Hygienio improvements have been mc.dc in both industries. 253. ASEESTOSIS AND ITS PREVENTION. Windel. Arbeitsschuts, 9-16 (1937). A survey of 11 German asbestos plants employing 385 workers disolosed 22 oases of asbestosis and 13 deaths. A short description of the clinioal and x-ray pictures is followed by a careful description of the exhaust systems needed for certain processes with illustrations. 254. THE CARBON CONTENT OF Al.'THRACOTIC LUNGS. E. Muller. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol., 7, 316-318 (1936). li method for determining the carbon content of anthracotic lungs is presented. It consists primarily of pulverizing the tissue, extracting the fat with ether and alcohol, and then treating it repeatedly with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The method can bo used also on other tissuee. 03117756 HW68-0007832 NW6B-0007833 Referonccs to Recent Literature - 6 255. A GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR TEE DESIGN OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS. A. Nutting. Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 9, 21-24 (January, 1937). A scries of charts has been prepared on which are plotted curves indicating basic relationships between air flow and resistance in exhaust systems. They are arranged in such a way ns to solve any simple design problem directly and quioklj In any problem the static suction at the hood, the entrance loss into the hood, and tho diameter of the exhaust pipes must be laiown. (The above issue of the publication may be obtainsd fresn Keeny Publishing Co., 6 N. Michigan Avc., Chicago, price 50 cents or possibly 25 cents.) 256. INSURANCE COMPANY RELATIONSHIPS .AID RESPONSIBILITIES IN COMPENSATION INSURANCE. A. D. Lazenby. Surg. Gynecol, rnd Obstet., 64, 393-396 (Feb. 15, 1937). Insurance companies must undertake a definite program of accident and disease prevention. They must see that the disabled workman is restored to usefulness as quickly and completely as modern surgery and medicine can accomplish it, and that claims are justly cr.d quickly paid. The importance of using the loiowledge now available in industrial hygiene is stressed. The insurance oesnpany must 53 cooperate- actively if not actually participate in medical research and must apply the knowledge gained to the plants it insures. The author urges adequate train ing by medical schools in traumatic surgery and in occupational diseases, sueh as l^ad and arsenic poisoning end silicosis. 257. SILICOSIS: ITS C.'.USE AND PHEVENTION. ff* 0. Sappington. Mining J. Sept. ^ 1936 A brief review of tho subject of silicosis, covering the nature of the disuse, its detection and prevention, compensation laws, and preparation of do fens*-of claims. (Reprints may be obtained by addressing Mine Safety Appliances C. Braddock, Thomas h. Meade Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa.) ^ 258. NATIONAL SILICOSIS CONFERENCE. Summary reports submitted to the Secretaiy of Labor by conference committees, Feb. 3, 1937. U.S. Dopt. of Labor* Division of Labor Standards, Bulletin No. 13.. The program of the Second National Silicosis Conference, at Washington cn Feb. 3, attended by 150 representatives of the various interested groups,, ooosisted o. the presentation and discussion of the reports of the 4 conmittes on the follow ing subjects: (1) Prevention of Silicosis through Medical Control: (2) Prevention of Silicosis through Engineering Control? (3) Economic, Legal and Insurance Phases of the Silicosis Problem, and (4) Regulatory and Administrative Phases of the Silicosis Problem* This bulletin consists of a 51 page summary of the material presented in the re ports, follorved by a list of Important references. (The bulletin may be secured from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., specifying the department, division and number as above, end enclosing 10 cents (no stamps).) A three page summary is also given in the Survey of Labor Law Administration, March, 1937, obtainable free from the Division of Labor Standards, TJ. S. Dept, of Labor.) C. Scientific papers on industrial poisons and other subjects exolusive of dust* 259. A FURTHER NOTE ON INDUSTRIAL CANCER. W. Alwens and W. Jonas. Aroh. f, Gmr- bepathol, 532-537 (1936). ' A careful examination of the case history and autopsy of a chrcanate worifer* Chemical examination of a piece of lung yielded 2 mg. of chromium in 300 g* of lung tissue 03117757 HU88-B00783<< References to Recent Literature -7 . . 260. THE BLOOD PICTURE III X R..Y -OLD RAD HU TOHKERS. I, I. Kaplan and S, Subenfeld. Radiology, 26, 47-55 (1936). Blood counts or. 22 technicians -and clinicians working with x-rays and radium showed no grave effects of exposure. Then, was, however, sor.e individual sen sitivity. The most characteristic was a decrease in the polynorphonuclecrs and as:- ir.cro* $; in the lymphocytes, frequently accompanied by a sense of undue fatigue, ar.d requiring greater protection or a vacation to restore the ood to normal. 261. /.CUTE POISONING FROi* COYTIiED SOLVENTS. H.' Schutr. Arch. f. Gcwerbepathol., 7, 452-467 (1936) The author reports a 'number of eases investigated bv the Berlin University Institute of Ir.duotri'-i Diseases, including poisoning by methylene chloride, benzene, benzine, butyl -acetate, trichlorethyleno and similar substances in mixtures. The symptoms were usually headache, dizziness, remitting, loss of consciousness, watering of the eyes and sensation of choking. Cases of poisoning from lead dyes are mentioned in which xylene and methyl aleohol werr used as solvents. '. 262. THE PATHOLOGY Or THE NET-ER COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS. A. V. St. George, Am. J, Clin. Pathol., 7, 69-77 (Jan. 1937). ' A. iaefc of. 23 solvents and the industries in which they are used, is given. It i. difficult to determine the actual effeot of eaoh solvent in industrial use, on account of impurities that modify the effect of the pure substance., Mb** of these solvents irritate the mucous, membrane of the conjunctival, the'respiratory and rastro-intestinal: tract, affect the central nervous, system and sometimes the liver and kidneys. Practically all of thorn act on the hemopoietic system. In general the compounds of the aliphatic series usually produoo a secondary anemia, while aromatic compounds generally effect more serious blood damage manifested by types of aplastic anemia with lcuc-oplenic reactions* - 263. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 0'r ACUTE POISONING FROM COMBINED SOLVENTS, F, Luce. Arch, f. Gcwerbepathol., 7, 437-451 (1936). Experiments or. mice to tcTt the acute narcotic effect of mixed eolvente showed tint the effect is usually: additive. In heavy concentrations, however, the . effect of the- mixture is somewhat loss than calculated from the effeot of the components. An exception is found in the case of mixtures of benzene and acetates, which are no more toxic in certain concentration ranges than the separate components. A graphic method for predicting the additive action is included. 264. METHYL ALCOHOL /DID TOXIC METHYL COMPOUNDS. F. Flury and Yf, Wirth. ' Aroh. f, Gcwerbepathol., 7, 221-225 (1936). The special toxicity of methyl alcohol end derivatives fraa which it is liberat ed does not depend upon impurities, but is duo rather to the slow oxidation of the alcohol into formaldehyde, which is a very active oell poison. The produc tion of formic acid ir. the tissue is of only secondary importance. 265. FATAL OCCUPATIONAL SROMETHYL POISONING. - W, Friemann. &Bnu v. Vergiffeunga., 3, 31-32 (1937). X case of bromethyl poisoning is reported in whieh a solder*? repairing a tank for several hours, become stuporous and died after 4 days. The autopsy showed hemorrhages in the mucosa of the largo intestine and bono marrow. The ganglion cells we re also changed greatly, and bronchitis was present. The - .victim had evidently rcocivcd a large defcb in a vory short period of inhalation. 03117758 HWBB-00B7835 References to Recent Literature - 8 266. T.70 CSES OF ANGINA PECTORIS RESULTING FROM INHALATION OF TRICHLOHETHYINE. H. Gcrbis. Arch. f. Gewerbcpathol., 7_, 421-426 (1936) Two workers using trichlorothylene in a badly constructed degreasing plant fell ill with usual symptoms with heart pains as well. The elder one, 59, fell ill on the first day and died after 5 days. The younger man was disabled after 1^ years of work, but returned after 5 months and gradually improved. 267. PRACTICAL ANALYSIS OF SOLVENTS. SYSTEMATIC ANALYTIC METHODS FROM THE INDUS- TRI.'X HYGIENE VIF'TOINT. H. Weber. Schrift. dee Reichagesundheitsamtcs, 3. I. Barth, Leipzig, 1936. 40 pp. "^^Tho increasing industrial use of various solvents and recognition of the hazards involved ir. the use of many of them have led to the necessity of re liable methods for their recognition 8nd analysis. Such methods are described in this book, includin' pre-examination to determine to what class of sub stances the particular solvent belongs, methods of analysis of each class, and tables of boiling point curves, refractive indices, characteristic reactions limitations of methods, data on precipitation and other useful information. 268. LEAD IL.3.1LD I!-' TYPESETTING. E. Lcdcrcr. A.roh. f. Gowerbcpcthol., 7, 331-377 (1936). ~ Most of the load haz- rd ir. printing shops arises from the fbmes in the stereo typing department. In hand ar.d machine typesetters the slight danger ocmes from dust rather than fume s. The lead in the urirc is high, especially omowg the- stcrcotypors, in 11 cases of the latter amounting to 30-60 micrograms per liter. Blood pressure- was found to be slightly higher among printers than in the average population, but the small number of cases did not permit drawing ful 1 c r cor.cl us ior.s 269. THE LIVER IN LE.D AID MIXED POISONINGS. H. Pernico. Arch. f. Gcwerbepathol., T_, 538-593 (1936). In persons unexposod to lend, the detoxifying action"of tho liver is shewn by the difference in load content of the blood entering and leaving the organ. ..bcut 2# of all cases of lead poisoning cause liver damage. The jaundice pres ent in such cases is a hepatogenic one caused by injury to the liver paren chyma. The liver function test may be unsatisfactory since in one case all ex aminations were negative in spite of liver enlargement and jaundice. Exper iments were carried out on guinoc pigs poisoned with combined lead arsenic and lead trichlorethylcnc. In load poisoned animals tho action of both arsonio and trichlorethylcnc is very strong, especially the liver enlargement. 270.LTVER DAM-GE IN LEAD POISONING. K. Fcllinger. A-roh. f. Goworbepftthol*, 7, 414-420 (1936). " In fresh cases of load poisoning various functional disorders of the liver were shown. Those injuries '.vere found only rarely in old cases, indicating that they usually heal rapidly. However, the process still exists that a lasting liver damage tokens place. 271. CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE TOXICOLOGY OF LEAD. CRITICAL STUDY OP LEAD CONTENT OF BIOLOGIC.! MATERIAL BY THE DITNIZCNE METHOD. F. Lem* 96 pp. Jouvc Cie., Paris (1936). The author presents his own modification of Fischer's dithizono method as the best for the determination of lend in biological material. The load can be de termined colorimetrically by comparison ?dth known standards and is sensitive to 1/500 mg. Results of the application of the method to various animal organs arc presented. 03117759 \ HWB6-0007836 ^e*ercnces to Recent Literature - 9 272. HEINZ BODIES AND METKEIiOGLOSIN FORMATION IN POISONING 7(1 TH AMI DO- AND NITROBENZOL COMPOUNDS. H. Freifeld, A. Sohilova and R. Ludvinovsky. Folia Haemetol, 56, 333-342 (1937). Trow the first development of methemoglobin anemia up to the appearance of the Heinz bodies takes only a few hours. Their number then falls rapidly over a few days. The authors advance the theory that the methemoglobin increases the /I combustion of carbohydrates, activates oxygen and strengthens the oxidising power of tissue. If there is such a healing power, nothing is implied regard ing the toxic action cf these substances on the colls and on the nervousvascular system. 273. DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC BENZENE POISONING. W. Freimann. Arch. f. Gewerpath., 7, 278-285 (Docember 1936). The author calls attention to the difficulty of diagnosing chronic oases of benzene poisoning by the ordinary methods. He carried out estimations of vitimin C in the urine of men exposed to benzene and benzine vapors. The author hopes that future investigations will show the value of Vitamin C estimation in early diagnosis of benzene poisoning. 274. HEMATOLOGY IN BENZENE INJURY. R. Klima. Wien. klin. Tfdmachr., 50, 200-201 (1937). Thebonc marrow and blood changes from benzene exposure arc deaoribed. There is an early decrease in the number of leucocytes and thrombocytes and an increase in the lymphocytes and monocytes. The red blood colls also decrease in the ab- ser.oe of any signs of regeneration. The blood changes from x-raye and radiun arc- also briefly described. Prevention is emphasized. . 275. C-RBON MONOXIDE POISONING. H. T. Berwald. Military Surgeon., 79, 386-396 (1936). The carbon monoxide hazard in army and navy planes, street traffic and garages is discussed. Street traffic is s'c&d to increase the oarbon monoxide 2 to 4# at peak hours. Symptoms experienced in garage workers and in a well ventilated vehicular tunnel are described. Symptcns and treatment are discussed# The best treatment oonsists of oxygen-carbon dioxide inhalation with external heat ing. The author does not recommend methylene blue. 276. LIVER FUNCTION AMONGST MERCURY WORKERS. D. G. Tallenberg. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol, 305-315 (December, 1936). Mouth diseases, mental disturbances, lymphocytosis, and presumptive evidenoe . ctf liver pathology were noted in 17 otherwise apparently healthy hatters. 277. CHRONIC MERCURY AND AMALGAM. POISONING. A. Stock. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol. 7, 388-413 (1936). "TKe author presents data from earlier investigations on the very general occur rence of mercury in small quantities - in soil, water and' food. The nono&l "mercury-free1' person excretes 0.5 microgrom daily in the urine and 10 micro grams in the feces. Animal research shows that after meroury inhalation ceases there is a rapid fall in the mercury content of the lung and the rest of the body but an extremely gradual one in the kidneys. After oral injection the storage by the kidneys is still more striking. Animal experiments also show that inhaled mercury is more harmful than when ingested. With the exoeption of the kidne, the greatest quantities are found in the noso and in the olfactory and frontal lobes of the brain. A large part of the paper is devoted to clin ical material on chronic poisoning, and on the development of hypersensitivity to mercury. 03117760 HifBB-0007837 References to Reccr.t Literature - 10 278. INJURY FROM LIGHT !ETAL AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN INDUSTRIAX HYGIENE. W. Ehrlich Arch. f. Gewerbcpathol#, 7, 517-531 (1936), The author has observed many cases of light metal in,-jury, end attributes a large proportion of them to cutting by the sharp surfaces, causing infection from or ganisms adhering to the metal, 279. RESEARCH ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALCOHOLISM I" THE DEVELOP?XNT OF ARSENIC POISONING. E. Zimmerman and E. Remy. Arch. f. Gewerbcpathol., 7, 486-496 (193c In animal experiments it was shown that larger quantities of arsenic arc re tained in the body when alcohol, in the form of beer, was also administered. 280. THE USE OF '"HITE ARSENIC IN THE ENAMEL INDUSTRY. H. Dechigi. Arch. f. Gcwcrbcpathol., 7, 463-476 (1936). In the pottery industry arsenic trioxidc is often used to produce a fine -white glaze instead of the more expensive stannic oxide. Majolica tiles thus glazed give off arsine in the presence of mold when they are powdered or broken. The author urges protective measures against this source of poisoning. 281. 2INC VAPOR POISONING (IIET.L FUME FEVER), CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND THERAPY. F. Chromctzka. Doutseh. Arch. f. klin. Med.f U9.f 569-576 (1937). ~*"~~Tho symptoms of zi.ao vapor poisoning include irritation of nasal mucosa, bron chitis, marked gastric irritation, and irritation of the mucosa of the urinary passages. Temporary nervous symptoms are frequent. The workers examined were electric welders, who are much more endangered than workers in 2ino or metal foundries. 282. PROTECTION AGAINST TOXIC GASES IN INDUSTRY. J. D. Pratt. Paper to the In* stitute of Chemistry (South-Eastern Counties Section) February 19, 1936. This is a preliminary report on an investig tier, made by the British Homo Offio< and the chemical industry or. the detection of toxic gases in industry. It has been customary to place mice in a closed vessel used for manufacturer or storing* of dangerous products before a workman is allowed to enter, but this test is un. satisfactory because mice are not always more sensitive than men. In this in vestigation simple chemical tests were sought and tried for the most frequently used toxic gases, making the test quantitative whenever possible. For each gc.s it is necessary tc determine the maximum allowable concentration into whioh the unprotected man can safely go, for a maximum period of 6 hours. Infomition on maximum permissible concentration and methods of testing for a number of gases is given. (Reprints are apparently not available, but when the offioial repor appears in tlx near future this abstract list will give information as to how may be obtained.) 283. DETERMINATION OF SOLVENT VAPORS IN AIR. J. May, Arch. f. Gewerbepathol., 7, 510-516 (1936). " The interferometric method of determination of vapor concentrations in air is described. / 284. A MICAOCCLORr ETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION CP TOLUENE. W. P. Yont, S. J. Pearch and II. K. Schrenk. U. S. Bur. Mines Rept. Investigations No. 3323, 193' Toluene in the liquid or vapor state is nitreted with fuming nitric acid, shich is then diluted with rater, neutralized and extracted with butanono. On oddi^ tier, of 50# potassium hydroxide a reddish-blue color develops in the butonone, proportional to the amount of toluene, which is estimated by comperison with standards. '.Then bcr.ztne is also present, both substances can be estimated by using an already published method. n apparatus for preparing vapor air mixtuT' is also described. <, 00117761 A* c > _< r HM68-0007838 References to Recent Literature - 11 (*. free copy of ft is report cc.n be obtained by addressing tho Information Division, U. S# Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C# Report of Investigations No* 3287, which described the method for benzene, c^n also be obtained from the sair.o source, if a supply is still on hand#) 285. REPAIR OF DRUMS OR TANKS WHICH HAVE CONTAINED CELLULOSE SOLUTIONS OR IITL.'MMABLE SOLVENTS. Homo Office Fora 1975, H#J*. Stationery Office, London (November, 1936). The purpose of this leaflet is to give warning of the dangers th~t arise in re pairing vessels that have contained cellulose solutions or other inflammable liquids, -r.d to describe the precautions that should be taken before repairs involving the use of heat is begun. These precautions include steaming and scraping out solid residues, or if scraping is not practicable, rinsing with a solvent until all solid residues have been removed, then steaming or imrtersing the voss,l with boiling water for 20 minutes, while the interior is thoroughly swept out with air. In the case of large vessels, the inside air must be tested by a competent persov., or, preferably, the person who enters must woar suitable breathing apparatus. Only tested and certified lamps should be used. Ever. ir. the case of trivial repairs those precautions should be taken, though they may take much more time than the repair itself. Caps or covers should be removed before heat is applied. A warning notice shciild be displayod in oil places where r*. fir work involving the use of heat is likely to be undertaken. 286. CONTROL OF CHROMIC ACID MISTS FROM PLATING TAKES. E. C. Riley and F. H. Oplduo- U.S. Pub. Health Rents., vol 52, No. 6, 172-174 (February 5, 1937). *: A cross-draft ver.til-tion system has almost always beer, used to remove mists ar fumes from chromium plating tanks, and this investigation was made t.o evaluate tho control v.-ith rcfercr.co to standards recommended in 1928 by Bloomfield and Blum. The kata thermometer, anoncmcter and the newer and more convenient Alnoi vclonetor were used to measure air velocity at the face of tho hood. Static suction was also measured, and air samples wore taken with the impinger. Where only general vcntil-tion was used even in large rooms, the chromio acid concen tration was above the safe limit of 1 mg# per 10 oubic meters# With the oross draft local-exhaust system it is possible to keep it below that limit* Adequa* control was maintained when velocities of about 1,500 and 2,000 feet per ainut. were created at the face of the hood. (A copy of the above issue may be obtained from the .Superintendent of Doounent? 'Washington, D. C. for 5 cents. Stamps are not acceptod.) 287. TREATMENT OF H,. TIER'S FUR. E. Elod# Arbeitsschutz, pp. 16-17 (1937). In the process of treating pelts for felt hats with mercury it is Impossible tc free the fur completely from mercury by heating. The vapor is liberated in all stares of hat fabrication and even in finished hats# In cooperation with thB Ger.wn gold and silver purifying association, a completely satisfactory bath ha been developed, by moans of which the mercury hazard can be eliminated from the hat industry* 288. APPLICATION OF ENGINE!RING SURVEYS TO THE HATTERS' BUR CUTTING INDUSTRY. J. J. Bloomfield and J. DallaV&llo. Am# J# Pub# Health, 27, 167-178 (February, 1937). A detailed survey of 5 plants and a preliminary study of 36 others showed that the major hazard was the exposure to mercury vapor and dust# The General Electric selenium sulfide detector was used for determining mercury vapor end tho impir.ger, followed by ftc Fraser electrolytic method, for mercury dust# The koninctcr was used for determining total dust. The- concentrations of aer- qaf cury to -"''.ich workers were exposed varied from 7,2 mg# per 10 cu. m# for shippoj^f Qpliers, 54 mg., 'r.d blowers, 4#6 mg#, down to 0*6 mg. for the least exposed miscellaneous employees. The methods now employed for controlling mercury vnpoO and dust arc: (1) segregation, (2) local exhaust ventilation, and (3) general natural ventilation# It is suggested that by segregating the operations hand1 ing untreated pelts, approximately 235? of the workers may be removed entirely HW86-0007839 / < References to Recent Literature - 12 from the hazard. Proper local exhaust applied to some operations and good natural or mechanical ventilation applied to piling and shipping reduce the mercury exposure for those occupations. The removal of treated material from workrooms, good housekeeping and good general sanitation are recommended. (Reprints may be obtained from Mr. Bloomfield, U. S. Public Health Service, 'Washington, D. C. ) 289. TEE DETERMINATION OK 'ERGOT Y IN CARPD TED FtJ5( F. E. Goldman. U.S.Public Health R'%pts., vol. 52, No. 5, 221-223 (Fcb.'l9, 1937). This brief paper describes an analytical method used in connection with the the survey reported r.y loomfield and DallaValle (preceding abstract). Ten samples of workroom dust ranged from 0.06 to 0.37 mg. mercury per cubic meter of air. (The above volume and number nay be obtained from the Superintendent of Documont 'Washington, D. C. for 5 cents. Stamps are not accepted.) 290. TIE ESCAPE OF lERCURIAL VAPORS IN 'WORKSHOPS. STUDY OF IETH0DS FOR CONTROL OF THESE VAFORS A. N. Lvoff. Ned. du. travail, 9, 4-25 (Jan. 1937). In industries where mercury is employed, much o7 the hazard arises from mercury deposited on floors, in cracks, under linoleum and in many other places. VJherc the metal is accessible, the use of potassium permanganate and hydrochloric ac: reduces the vapor concentration 30 to 60%. However, in workshops where mercury may be absorbed by walls or is in inaccessible places, the use of a penetrating gas that will react with mercury is necessary. The use of hydrogen sulfide in concentrations of 0.5 mg. per liter frr 40 hours was found to reduce the moreur vapor approximately 82 to 90$. This treatment of course introduces another hazard and should be used with the utmost caution if at all. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide used does not produce acute poisoning, but chronio poisonin( may follow prolonged use. it present it is used, not only in isolated plaoos, but for entire floors and workshops, after work hours. 03117763 HMBB -00078 ^4i AIR HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA,INC. 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. The Medical Bulletin which was somewhat delayed in printing has been completed and your copy will reach you with this. Additional copies for use in your own organization may be had at *2.00 each. Enclosed is a copy of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, and tte recommenced and approved Research Program. As a member of the Foundation you can be helpful in colling this to the attention of other firms of your acquaintance who should bo affiliated. As you know, the Foundation needs a greatly increased membership in order to make up the sum necessary to support this research program. The current dies were set relatively low -vita the iaea of interesting as many firms as possible. Any additional number of copies of this bulletin may be had upon request and without charge. . The supplement to Bulletin No. 1 of the Lcgwl Series till be reuciy for distribution in a week or ten days. This bulletin bring the information relative to statutes and court decisions up to March 1, 1937. . Also enclosed will be found an announcement of the publication by the Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology of a series of lectures given at the Harvard School of Public Health in August, 1936, on THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT UPON 2dAN. These papers have been bound in book form and are now available at $3.50 each. If you wish one or more copies, address the Journal of Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, 55 Shattuck Street, Boston, Mass. A Symposium on Silicosis will be held at Saranac Lake, Jine 21-25, 1937. A copy of the proposed program is enclosed. It is thought that you may care to call this to the attention of your medical staff. Also enclosed is a report on Comparison of Dust Counters, which was prepared at the request of several members. H. B. Heller 031177G4 ftuwgtigvIHLcagtflr HBB-00078ft2 Document ^2 Review For *5^ Confidentiality 300<V : S: & Third Silicosis Symposium Saranac Lake, N.Y. June 21 -- 25, 1937 Monday, June 21: 9:00 a.m. Introductory Remarks. Dr. L. U. Gardner, Saranac Laboratory. 9:15 The Significance of the Silicotic Prob lem. Dr. A. J. Lanza, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 10:15 Etiology of Silicosis. Dr. R. R, Sayers, U. S. Public Health Service. Discussion. 2:15 p.m. Dust Concentrations and Their Mea surement. Prof. Philip Drinker, Har vard School of Public Health. Discussion, led by Mr. M. T. Durkan, Saranac Laboratory. Tuesday, June 22: 9:00 a.m. Pathology of the Pneumoconioses. Dr. L. U. Gardner, Saranac Laboratory. Discussion. 2:15 p.m. Pathology of the Pneumoconioses.Cor relation of the Pathologic and Roent genologic Findings. Dr. L. U. Gard ner, Saranac Laboratory. Discussion. 4:00 Physiology of the Fibrotic Lung. Prof. W. S. McCann, University of Roches ter, School of Medicine. Discussion. Wednesday, June 23: 9:00 a.m. Roentgenologic Aspects of the Normal and the Silicotic Lung. Dr. E. p. Pendergrass, University Hospital, University of Pennsylvania. Discussion. 2:15 p.m. Roentgenologic Diagnosis of Silicosis. Dr. H. L. Sampson, Trudeau Sanator ium. Discussion. Thursday, June 24: 9:00 a.m. The Clinical Picture and Diagnosis of Silicosis with Consideration of Disa bility. Dr. A. R. Riddell, Ontario Department of Health. Discussion. 12:00 The Occupational History. Mr. D. E. Cummings, Saranac Laboratory. 2:15 p.m. Control -- Medical Aspects. Dr. A. R. Riddell, Ontario Department of Health. 3:15 Control -- Engineering Aspects. Prof. Philip Drinker, Harvard School of Public Health. Discussion. Friday, June 25: 9 :QQ a.m. Administrative Aspects of Silicosis, Mr. D. E. Cummings, Saranac Labor atory. Discussion, 2:15 p.m. Legislative Control and Compensation. Mr. T. E. Waters, Occupational Dis ease Commission, Baltimore, Md. 03117765 HMB6-60078i(3 HWBB-0007845 ,'s>) THE SKVTRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT UPON MAN ia comprised of the following lectures given at the Harvard School of Public Health, August, 1936. 1. The effects of the social environment. L -rence J. Henderson and Elton Mayo. 2. Industrial Fatigue. David B. Dill. 3. Air-borne disease. 5.D. Chope and. Wilson G._ Smlllle, 4. Air-borne infection and sanitary air control. William F. Vella and Mildred Weeks Veils. . 5. The effects of heat and humidity upon the human body. Cecil K. Drinker. 6. Abnormal air conditions in industry: their effects on workers and methods of control. C. P, Yaglou. 7. The physiological effects of high pressures. Louis A. Shaw. 8. Industrial operations in compressed air. Ole Slngatad. 9. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Cecil K. Drinker. 10. The toxicology of organic vapors and gases. John 5. Foulger. 11. The toxic dusts and fumes. Lawrence T. Falrhall. 12. The causation of pneumoconiosis. Philip Drinker. 13. Clinical aspects, diagnosis and prevention of pneumoconiosis. W. Irving Clark. 14. Design of exhaust hoods for dust-control systems. Theodore Hatch, 15. Respiratory protective devices. Carlton E. Brown. 16. The application of air conditioning in normal life, Philip Drinker. 17. Hospital air conditioning. C. P. Yaglou. 18. A laboratory of industrial toxicology. V. g. von Oettlngen. 19. A laboratory of industrial hygiene. Varren F. Cook. These papers have been bound in book form and will be available about April 20. Copies may be ordered direct from: The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, 55 Shattuck St. Boston, Mass. Price, prepaid, $3.50. 03ll7767 HUB8-00078*t7 ___Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc*, -- % 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., May 1, 1937 .--. '** * COMPARISON OF OUST COUNT EPS As a result of inquiries from several members, the Foundation procured from Bausch k Lomb one of their new dust counters and made a limited number of parallel tests with that instrument, the Owens jet dust counter, and the GreenburgSmith impinger. The comparison under varied conditions showed that no olose eorrelation of the results oan be made. The Bausoh k Lomb instrument gave result* lying between those obtained with the Owens counter and those with the impinger*. In seme cases the lightfield method with the Owens counter and the impinger was supplemented by some darkfield tests. Experimental Results Tests were made in which the instruments were compared under the usual conditions for each, i*e., with lightfield for the impinger and Owens counter* The results so obtained will be presented first in the following table* The- num bers in parentheses indicate the number of reasonably agreeing tests averaged, if more than one * Test No. Date Charaeter Impinger, 120 X Bausch k Lomb Million particles nor cu* ft* Owens, 1170 X 1 1-13 Outside, fog 2 1-27 tt tt 5*3 (2) 6i0 3 1-29 " slight fog 1*7 4 3- 2 Industrial 5 3- 2 n 6 3- 1 n 15*0 (2) 8*4 1.45 7 1-10 Lab., clear 9 .4- 2 tt b 0.76 0417 22|S (2) 15.3 (2) 29*7 (2) 51*3 (2) 46*3 (2) 11*1, 5*4 24*5 1241 145 (2) 96 95 (2) 142, 103 63*5 23*4 The value for the impinger in test 4 is an average of two poorly agree* ing tests on the same sample. 03117768 HMBB'0007848 Special Report on Comparison of ust Counters - 2 * Following are the ratios for each pair of instruments; Test No. Bausch & Lomb & Impinger Owens & Impinger Owens & Bausch & Lomb 1 4.2 2 2.5 3 17,5 4 3.4 5 5.5 6 ?., 3.7 f 32.6 9 63.9. 27.4 56,5 6,2 17.0, 12.2 85,0 136,0 6.4 3.2 1.8 3.1, 2,2 2.6 1.9 These ratios illustrate the lack of correlation of counts* It will be noted especially that the ratios of the Bausch and Lamb and Owens results to those obtained with the inpinger are much higher for atmospheric samples than for in dustrial samples. A few impinger samples were counted in darkfield illumination. One ` difficulty was always encountered, in that fine scratches and pits on the oella* invisible in the lightfield, were so numerous as to give a high blank* Even.idien counts were made with new cells, the blank became rather high after using the sell a few tires. The following comparisons were made with the samo samples in light and darkfield illuminations: Test No. 1 2 3 4 Light, 120X 10*6 9.5 1.3 0.75 Dark, 120X 33.9 19.3 12.7 Light, 230X Dark, 230X 1.3 3.3 The first attempts to use darkfield lighting with the Owens samples were unsuccessful, as the oblique rays did not cross the air space between the slide and the cover glass on which the dust was deposited. Finally that difficulty was overcome by inverting the slide, so that the cover glass made an oil contact with the darkfield condenser. The following results were obtained with that method; Test No. Light, 120X Dark, 120X 1 5.8 2 2.7 15.6 Light, 230X 15,0 8.6 lark. 230X Light,1170X 4.3 19.3 23.4 The last test was the only one in which a direct comparison of all meth ods was suecessfully obtained, except the impinger with darkfield. The figures for that tost arc summarized here: 3217769 HWBB-0087849 Spooial Report on Comparison of Dust Counters - 3 Impinger, light, 120 X n " 230 X 0.1' 0,5 oc Bausch 4 Lomb, dark. 200 X 12.1 Owens, light, 120 X 2.7 n dark 120 X 15.6 n light 230 X 8,6 o n dark 230 X 19,3 H light 1170 X 23,4 Tho exact magnifications were chosen so as to afford a simple ratio of the apparent width of stage micrometer divisions to that of the Whipple disk squares. Discussion and Conclusion 8 The figures obtained, of course, do not constitute an accurate comparison. I he number of tests was small, and errors, incidental to tho beginning of a series of tests, occurred* One source of error in all dust counting, especially in darkfield work, is lack of constancy of illumination. Ordinarily the maximum illumination, namely that given by an arc light, is used in darkfield work. The Bausch & Lomb procedure makes use of a substage incandoscent light, which is satisfactory if the illumina tion is constant, but cr.ro must be taken to keep the lamp in the proper position. It is possible that the first results are low because that precaution was not ob served, and the apparatus should be r.c.de foolproof in that respect. It is under stood tha.t the manufacturers are correcting that defect by providing for attaching the lamp housing to the counter. These preliminary results lead to the following conclusions* (1) No correlation of any pair of the three instruments is possible for all kinds and sizes of dust. (2) Under the same illumination and magnification, tho count in air is higher than in water, the divergence increasing with deoreasing particle size. . ' (3) Tho Bausch and Lomb counter gi-ves results intermediate between those with the impinger and those with the Owens apparatus under the usual conditions of use. ;---- 1 * Ol HMBB-0007826