Document 6wzaRgqOgD4wpyLG2n5JEa9ZE

of stibine, but from the information available it seems to be qualitatively very like arsine See Hygienic Guide Stoddard solvent is a registered commer cial standard of the U S Department of Com merce for a dry cleaning solvent of specifica tions such that it has a flash point of 100 F (40 6 C), evaporates without residue, and consists of aliphatic, saturated materials and, in some formulations, 15 to 20 per cent aro matics The fire hazard is about that of kero sene, but it is a more satisfactory cleaning solvent It is available under a number of trade names For discussion of toxicity, see Heptane and Hexane. Styrene monomer (phenylethylene, vinylbenzene) is a colorless organic liquid with a characteristic disagreeable odor As either liquid or vapor, it is irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract, and produces an extremely severe dermatitis The odor serves as a fairly good warning of excessive concentrations In animal experiments, both rats and guinea pigs survived exposures of 2000 ppm for seven hours without fatalities The highest concentration which can be obtained at ordin ary temperatures, approximately 10,000 ppm, may be fatal in 30 to 60 minutes Styrene is flammable and also polymerizes rapidly at slightly elevated temperature and slowlv at ordinary room temperature Poly merization produces heat, which m turn increases the rate of polymerization Un checked, the reaction may become so violent as to produce a fire or explosion Commerical grades contain as inhibitor to prevent polymerization In storage, sty rene should be checked occasionally to assure the presence of the proper amount of inhibitor and the absence of polymers Aside from this polymerization reaction, styrene can be handled with the precautions for a flammable organic solvent which is also a skin irritant Protective clothing should be worn to prevent skin contact See Hygienic Guide Sulfur is virtually nontoxic, there is no evidence that systemic poisoning results from the inhalation of sulfur dust Although sul fur is capable of irritating the inner surfaces of the eyelids, the dust may rarely irritate the skin Molten sulfur may contain hydro gen sulfide which is toxic in low concentra tions Solid sulfur containing hydrocarbon will, when held in the molten condition, gen erate hydrogen sulfide The primary hazard in handling solid sulfur is that sulfur dust suspended in air ignites easily Sulfur chlorides Sulfur monochlonde and sulfur dichlonde can be dealt with as identi cal compounds insofar as their health hazards Fuming, corrosive liquids with a strong odor, they are highly irritating even in low vapor concentration Because of this odor and ir ritation, they have good warning properties On contact with the skin, sulfur chlorides can cause irritation and if not removed can lead to senous irritation and bums Con tact with the eyes of either liquid or vapor will produce severe damage, which may cause scars Inhalation of the vapors may be in jurious to the lungs Exposure to the vapor can cause coughing, tears, and burning of the eyes After severe vapor exposure, pul monary edema may occur There are few reported accidents because of the effective warning afforded by the irritating effect Sulfur dioxide is a pungent, irritating gas produced in large quantity by the combus tion of sulfur or compounds containing sul fur Since it is water-soluble, its action is likely to be limited to irritation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory system Endurable concentrations can be tolerated for long periods of time without appreciable danger to health In a concentration range of 1 to 10 ppm, respiratory and pulse rates increase and depth of respiration in unacclimatized individuals decreases Acclimatized individuals, working daily in concentrations in excess of 10 ppm, do not show these changes on exposure to 5 ppm Severe exposures to sulfur dioxide may result from loading and unloading of tank cars, rupture of cylinders, leaking lines or cylinders in a confined space, following fumi gation procedures aboard ships, and other similar type operations Employees who may be subject to such exposures should be pro vided with proper eye, respiratory, skin, and mucous membrane protection The compound is considerably more toxic to vegetable life than it is to animals, and plants will be severely damaged by concen- 1373