Document 6wmR1aEQjrLY6KYBNJGOJovQ9

Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 119 / Friday, }une 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations 22753 Appendix E to 1910.1001--Interpretation (1) A wheel-shaped cylinder designed to and Classification of Chest cover and enclose the wheel assembly: Roentgenograms--Mandatory . (2) A compressed-air hose and nozzle that (a) Chest roentgenograms shall be interpreted and classified in accordance with a professionally accepted classification system and recorded on a Roentgenographic Interpretation Form. 'Form CSD/NIOSH (M) 2.8, (b) Roentgenograms shall be interpreted and classified only by a Dreader, a board eligible/certified radiologist, or an experienced physician with known expertise in pneumoconioses. (c) All interpreters, whenever interpreting chest roentgenograms made under this section, shall have immediately available for reference a complete set of the ILO-U/C International Classification of Radiographs for Pneumoconioses. 1980. Appendix F to $ 1910.1001--Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Automotive Brake Repair Operations--Non-Mandatory fits into a port in.lhe cylinder and (3) A HEPA-filtered vacuum used to evacuate airborne dust generated within the cylinder by the compressed air. To operate the system, the brake assembly is enclosed in a cylinder that has viewing ports to provide visibility and cotton sleeves through which the mechanic can handle the brake assembly parts. The cylinder effectively isolates asbestos dust in the drum from the mechanic's breathing zone. The brake assembly isolation cylinder is .available from the Nilfisk Company1 and comes in two sizes to fit brake drums in the 7tp-12-inch size range common to automobiles and light trucks and the 12-to-19rinch size range common to large commercial vehicles. The cylinder is equipped with built-in compressed-air guns and a connection for a vacuum cleaner equipped with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filler. This This appendix is intended as guidance for type of filter is capable of removing all employers in the automotive brake and clutch particles greater than 0.3 microns from the repair industry who wish to reduce their air. When the vacuum cleaner's filter Is full, it employees' asbestos exposures during repair ' must be replaced according to the operations to levels below the new manufacturer's instruction, and appropriate standard's action level (0.1 f/cc). OSHA HEPA-filtcred dual cartridge respirators believes that employers in this industry should be worn during the process. The filter sector arc likely to be able to reduce their of the vacuum cleaner is assumed to be employees' exposures to asbestos by contaminated with asbestos fibers and employingthe engineering and work practice should be handled carefully, wetted with a controls described in Sections A and B of this appendix. Those employers who choose, to use these controls and who achieve exposures below the; action level will thus be able to avoid any burden that might be. imposed by complying with such requirements as medical surveillance, recordkeeping, training, respiratory protection, rind regulated areas, which are ' triggered when employee exposures exceed the action level or PEL' . ' Asbestos exposure in the automotive-brake and clutch repair industry occurs primarily during the replacement of clutch plates and brake pads, shoes, and linings. Asbestos fibers may become, airborne when an automotive mechanic removes the asbestos- fine mist of water, placed immediately in n labelled plastic bag, and deposed of properly. When the.cylinder is in place around the brake assembly and the HEPA vacuum is connected, compressed air is blown into the cylinder to loosen the residue from the brake assembly parts. The vacuum then evacuates the loosened material from within the cylinder capturing the airborne. material on the HEPA filter. The HEPA vacuum system can be. disconnected from the brake assembly isolation cylinder when the cylinder is not being used. The HEPA vacuum can then be used for clutch facing work, grinding, or other routine cleaning. containing residue that has been deposited as B. Compressed Air/Solvent System Method brakes and clutches wear. Employee exposures to asbestos occur during the cleaning of the brake drum or clutch housing. Based on evidence in the rulemaking record (Exs. 84-74. 84-263.90-148), OSHA believes that employers engaged in broke repair, operations who implement any of the ' work practices and engineering controls described in Sections A and B of this ' .appendix may be able to reduce their employees' exposures to levels below the action level (0.1 fiber/cc). These control methods and the relevant record evidence on these and other methods are described in the following sections. A compressed-air hose fitted at the end wiih a bottle of solvent can be used to loosen the asbestos-containing residue and to. capture the resulting airborne particles in the solvent mist Hie mechanic should begin spraying the asbestos-contaminated parts with the solvent at a sufficient distance to ensure that the asbestos particles are not . dislodged by the velocity of the solvent spray. After the asbestos particles are thoroughly wetted, the.spray may be brought closer to the parts and the parts may be sprayed as necessary to remove grease and other material. The automotive parts sprayed. - with the mist are then wiped with a rag. A. Enclosed Cylihder/HEPA Vacuum System which must then be disposed of Method appropriately. Rags should be placed in a The enclosed cylinder-vacuum system used in one of the facilities visited by representatives of the National Institute for labelled plastic bag or other container while they are still wet. This ensures that the asbestos fibers will not become airborne Occupational Safety and Health (N10SH) during a health hazard evaluation of brake repair facilities (Ex: 84-2G3) consists of three components: ``Mention of tradenames or commercial products* docs not constitute endorsement of recommendation for use. after the brake and clutch parts have been cleaned. (If cleanup rags are laundered rather than disposed of, they must be washed using methods appropriate for the laundering of asbestos-contaminated materials.) OSHA believes that a variant of this compressed-air/eolvent mist process offers advantages over the compressed-air/solvent mist technique discussed above, both in terms of costs and employee protection. The variant involves the use of spray cans filled with any of several solvent cleaners commercially available from auto supply stores. Spray cans of solvent are inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. These cans will also save time, because no solvent delivery system has to be asembled, i.e., no compressed-air hose/mister ensemble. OSHA believes that a spray can will deliver solvent to the parts to be cleaned with considerably less force than the alternative compressed-air delivery system described above, and will thus generate fewer airborne'asbestos fibers ' than the compressed-air method. The Agency ' therefore believes that the exposure levels of automotive repair mechanics using the spray con/sblvent mist process will be even lower than the exposures reported by N10SH (Ex. 84-263) for the compressed-air/solvent mist system (0.08 f/cc). C. Information on the Effectiveness of Various Control Measures. The amount of airborne asbestos generated during brake and clutch repair operations depends on the work practices and engineering controls used during the repair or removal activity. Data in the rulemaking record document the 8-hour time-weighted uverage (TWA*) asbestos exposure levels associated with various methods of brake and clutch repair and removal. NIOSHsubmitted a report to the record entitled "Health Hazard Evaluation for Automotive Brake Repair*' (Ex. 64-263). In addition. Exhibits 84^-74 and 90-148 provided exposure data for comparing the airborne concentrations of asbestos generated by the use of various work practices during brake repair operations. These reports present exposure data for brake repair operations involving a variety of controls and work' practices, including:- Use .of compressed air to blow out the brake drums: Use of a brush, without a wetting agent, to remove the asbestos-containing residue: . Use of a brush dipped in water or a solvent to remove the asbestos-containing residue: Use of an enclosed vacuum cleaning system to capture th'e asbestos-containing ' residue; and Use of a solvent mixture applied with compressed air to remove the residue. Prohibited Methods The use of compressed air to blow- the asbestos-containing residue off the surface of the brake drum removes the residue effectively but simultaneously produces an airborne cloud of asbestos fibers. According to N10SH (Ex. 64-263). the peak exposures of mechanics using this technique were as high as 15 fibers/cc, and 8-hour TWA exposures ranged from 0.03 to 0.19 f/cc. GLEASON-001001