Document 6wOO75yg36x6MBkM1bZk8k2xE

February 8, 1964 William Weingarten, M.D. Nassau Smelting and Refining Company, Incorporated Staten Island 7, New York Dear Doctor Weingarten: I_.enclose with this report (and the bill for the analytical service) a fairly detailed interpretation of the findings with recommendations. Since I do not know much about the problem of personal relations with which you (and the management of the Company) are faced,. I have separated the interpretation from the analytical report, although they are parts of the same document. I cannot emphasize more than is appropriate, however, the importance of facing the facts represented in this report in a realistic manner. It is necessary to protect these men against the immediate hazard of their job, when it reaches the point of danger in the individual case. It is also essential to recognize that there is only one way to deal, in the long run, with the general hazard - namely, to reduce it to the point of safety, by satisfactory technical control of the environment. It is barely possible to bring about such control, temporarily, by means which will control the respiratory and alimentary exposure of the individuals by an adequately disciplined and supervised use of satisfactory respiratory devices, by the careful avoidance of such respiratory exposure through meticulous cleanliness of body and clothing outside of the hours of work, and by the avoidance of the ingestion (swallowing) of lead during the day's work. In the long run, however, the facilities of the plant must be such as to prevent, automatically, all dangerous forms of respiratory and alimentary exposure during the day's work, through the elimination of opportunities for exposure which call for anything more than the ordinary caution and alertness of the average workman. I realize that what I have said above is sometimes difficult and costly to achieve. I can not alter it on that account. is the only sound advice that can be given. Sincerely yours, RAK:vr Enel. - 5 Robert A. Kehoc, M.D. Plant: Inspectlons Purvey: ?s8a Srelting. and refining? C-asesnj, I Kassau riace* TeifccnvAlle* taten Island* i'esf Turk 337 . aber 13* 19*i* t-y *? Cholek f`*pt*ri>cr 2 ? ,'- 3 3 * 1^6 * by L* J* Schafer and ?, Ye a g e r fi'he plant reclai na land and ether set&ln (tin* copper* copper alleys) free scrapped telephone ^airmen t* The orer&tiona ar* conducted ln several buildings and in open-sld*d roofeS-over are&s* liuoh operation as stripping and sweating are carried out in tbs partially fmoloss&d haIters* hlla 'Xtinr* alloying* casting and extrudim? ^n trisxitng facilities ere loosted in tots 115? enclosed buildings. In tb yartislly enclosed heiter* natural ventilation and the use of filter respirator* .are depended upon to protect th vorkaeiu Except for a fev kettles or pot* v:ct of those used for `eltlnib and alloying purpose* ftre lo cated beneath canopy hoed** which are usually provided Kith sides to onelose the vessel* partially* & Xarre Settle* used to prepare "blue efcftl** and the two potb on the die casting chine* are not provided with ventilated hoods or with local exhauat vent!lotion, Procedure Air-borne f u m and dusts were removed fro the l^g- 0 0 1 8 7 5 3 N19735.01 stooephore afe th varions operetlons b ? dravS& ir *t & rat f 3 eu, ?t* per limite fehrap'h t*e collecter tube f s portail leetroatatie precipit&ter* A iiCise3.it* portable geo* irafcor f suitable c&pacit? driven bj* s p^solib mjlne* 'wa used t e p revid e th e le e t r i e , p<wer neerfed t o o p e ra te tv e e lo e tr e a t& tie p r e c p itc io r a Im tXt&necucl? ;:&nple* o f a i r berne fuw and d ust or a ls o c o l l e c t s d on {l&iXXip&re) f I t e r a in s e rte d l a t o t'he sampling i n l e t o f tw> i i J e t {sp ler operate) * t a r a te o f 3 l i t e r s per in u te , Sampling perierd ore en*rally tasre thaa J*5 minutes* exeept fer tnose oprt iona (droas reov&l for cxftsrXo) vhleh persiste! for sorter priode ol* ri* AXX aamples vere returned to the Kettering Latsoretory for analyste of their content of lead hf th s tan dard coioristrle dittitene procedure use in tfc uberatory* {Cfcelafe J,, :ufebr9 &* and Surfey ,, Hlerodcter&ln&tlen of ieed in liologicai . 'fiteril vit h Dlthitcfto xtraetion at Hi/;h p* Anal* Che*?* 2t* 71* 1:^3} T?esulta !?S* levais of concentration of lad, xt?re&ssd a ;"*/`i^ in th toaphero at t variou oprations, ore listet* by srea In a t e m l nel table* Di.seus siOl Area fer fecelyinr, and Sortln.y: Sennes Frelfht cars, garti&Xy or totali? flllo witft ssorapped ladcevred cablo are unXended by a orew 3' clothed specially for.such *sork und cuipped kith toxic dust r e s p i r a t o r s * The earn way co n ta in lode ca b le which m ist be hand le a s&nu&lly, o r th e co b le jsay tft been leaded In to th e ca r In bund l e s f a s t e n e d to- skids w h i c h er e r e e v e d by t o w Kotor* ihiringr t r i e su rv e y , th e A ir was aar-pled lit a c a r p a r t i a l l y f i l l e d w ith loos ca b le t h a t wea being, handled manually* The c o n c e n tra ti a o f le a d In th e s i r w ith in th e c a r was found t o he &*$ i o f - a i r * -Tine the unloading crew spends approxim ately h a lf o f i t tits w ithin tha c a r , i t wsk c o n sid e re d , f o r co n v e n ie n ce , th a t th e s e cam wore being, subjected to exposure roughly equivalent to the avarage ccnocntratl.cn of 0,5 o&g* r'b/K^ of air during the eight hours of the work, day* At the sorting area of the truck-1*0 0 0 ivin?. station, the air contained 0*11 $* Pt>/H^ whi 1 scrap was sorted. *uX 1 Ar?i: ha c o n c e n tra tio n o f lead, it? the itJ r o f fchi* a re a # i ,O -J 0g,/ .*} appear t o be w ith in a t i a f a c t o r y l l & i t s * Stripping Areat X t h i s a re a a r c lo c a te d nine &achines which a r c used to a trip le a d , p i S tic o r rubber eovorinfs fro wire* As a r u l e , le a d i s s tr ip p e d frees c a b le fey s i x o f th e vm chine* On the day of this survey, the concentration of la<i In the a i r exceeded th e rarcndd th re sh o ld lls & t a t fill lo c u tio n s in the s h e l t e r * ( 1 1 o f th e c p o re to r o f th e re e h in e s by which lead was being s tr ip p e d wore- r e s p i r a t o r s , end the im pression was gained t h a t they were oxpaoted t o w esr them st all tit-iea when in this area#} Hb> highest levels f conceit. tr&tion of lead wcra fnu&d at the brcatfcing acne of the operator of the r&ehines# These Xvl varied frost 0,3^ in She genera 1 air in the enter of the areat to 3*^3 *mj#/SP at the breathing level of the operator t the feed 6. of r.aehln *9# Xfc v*s learned that an <q*ratr spend approxirately feer hours at the echino but remains in the trippla area for approximately seven hour. It stay be taften* therefor# that these aen are exposed to average daily levels somewhat tsore than 2 or, Ph/*:-* of air# So of them# no doubt# are sub- . joeted to treater than average expctture# The lead ia not isversed in the air solely by the chines# for a rent deal of the dust a:ipaara to sriso fS'O'is the hand11 "ftor the 2i?iid shield p--hs:4s threugh the Th Load dveating h r eaj L-i-Ad is removed fr? the le&ci-esteel. vira in nhat Sim be considered un aufcomtad process, This process involves. the use of a ,*3vin<?' chain grate wh#ich earris? tbs ?.3te:rlttl through . furnace at 15dOF, Lead 1 ttsweated" off the wire and ??&* through a number of oyenln&s in the id of the furnace where it is collected* The stripped wire 1 then r*raoved free. the prate at tly. disefc?*? end of the furnace# Operators are stationed at the feed jm4 iceberg and of this furnace# The level of eoneeatration of lead at these two locations were well below the threshold liasit 'bhe en- aentrotion cf lead ne&r the oj>einr ttrough which the aclten load flowed Kfte 0*2 rg~,/>'. * of air# but since this part of the process requires infrequent ^tterstion# the exposure to lead at this level for only brief i?<eried& of tin is not considered to be potentially aft^orow to health* White fetal, area and. Lireas Dtorapet ' in the day prior to ss^plln?; in this spas, rafters and other superstructures ware haing cleaned fey vacuus:. This 1 operation, however, *& interrupted at 5 $vr. on iepteffi&er 22, 1 * so that, hen sss.pling. as started at -3 am* on the following morning, 1$ hours had slapsad, during which particulate material containing metcllle lea or its- confounds had been perrnitteu to settle cut of the &fcr<osphere into which it hed been dlaperccd during the cleaning process* The aterege end transportation of dross to end from the storage ois, as serried out at present in evered drusrs, do not w.ivs rise to daniceroua econcentrations of lead in the air of the area* Lead*cntfclis dust r m found in the air of the storage bl&s In the concentration of only h.O^i ?:?#* per cubic iicter* The hou3Kcpift in this area was excellent, and the now procedure of using, covered drums for storing ami transport-* ir.g dross, 0 wail as the 5grove3 houseiccepJrig, have $jsen important factors in reducing the concentration of lead In the air of this area* Potenticily hac&rdous levels of lead concentretion were encountered ear the iseltin# kettles, and at the spiles cutting and "gulling* operation The average concentration of lead over the period of eight hours near the siting kettles was esfcirated at approsisstsly 3**> m? of air* Curing, the brief period of 6 to 15'aim*ten, while dress was being re&oved fro & kettle, the concerttration of lead in the air re&ehed the lcvel of 2*53 */;l^ of gir* Since the dressing opratio 1 carried out for only 3 to 15 &iut<s$ mice per day, fehia brief contamination of the aiife&apfterfc had only a siinor effect upon the evsrage content of the &ir throughout the working day, inereeftliu; it fey bout X per cent* The average conetmticni at the bplie-ui;tin& machine, during the working dajr,( nseusing that the chin was attended for six hours} vas c&lcul&tedi to be about 0*35 *#/$ * air, The Area of the fr-esta#t The concentrt ion of lead in the area of the presses varied fro well halo the threshold 2itsit to levels slightly in excess of the recoHiacruied threshold limit of 0*2 e*#*/^ of .air* At the sleeve press, it retired frert 0*11 sus*A*5, at the wreathing level of the operator of the press,.to 0*25 at the breathing; level of the sen engag-ed in cutting- and pecK ing: the load tuhing* At the solder extrusion'presses i 1- (0*10 ffig./ii''), and at the die east 1r s -chines (0*0* fsg/K ), the levels vere satisfactory on the day of ssfcpliog. The casting of ,tH-'4rif>w pigs produced a concentration of lead (3*23 !ig./S'^) that lightly exceeded the threshold lisait* Pilot n-sntt The levels of concentra tic at all operations in this area were feelov 2*2 of air* C o n c l u s i o n s and ;-a?gt?a^ o da 11 o a A pparently th e c o a t haeertfaus d e ra tio n s s re those involved in s tr ip p in g th e lead covered a b le , ccwinp and cutting ssetalXic rAterlali* and products, ckeliing certain materials^ and unloading freight* Therefore* tb following vecot m on ^ Sitlon n arc suggested for cons identic* 1* U n l o a d i n g f r e i g h t Sin th u n l o a d i n g of -crap lead cable ia intermittent in nature* the ftratectlve greasur* used at present should bo continued* If respirators *re estplayed faith* fully srtd properly during these interjaittent operations, they * should protect the sac who do this work, provided adequate atten* tion is ^iven to the cleanliness of tit clothing and person of those sen afterward* It la lifesly that resp-irfcfcera can ho diefenced with in tne open sorting urea Although there way be ties* w respiratory protection ia required* the decision in thi# natter ia a r*s?oni~ hiXity of supervision* In any case* tha relaxation of frecent procedure should be instituted only after rfe&t*d #x&#infcl of the area confirm* the finding of this survey* 2* 3a ffwtal Area* Cord! tlone ar* eat is factory* in so far aa the concurtr&tion of ls?ad in the tJ.r in con earned* and no a change in procedures or controls A* necessary* 2* Operations its the lead suetin?? SX23. observed during this investigation* did not appear to constitute a serious ha*rd* It is poesitele, .however*.depending upon the state of the lead coatings* that the eoacentration of loud at tines ia&y exceed the rang noted in this survey* The air at the loading and unloading stations of the chain ^rat furnace should he nonitore<S repeatedly* to determine the need for the use of respirators* ns a temporary $ecurat of control* (The omolsy&ent of filter respirators cannot be reeoiataena&ii for eoKtlnuous use# end if future teste j'iai rsulta ccnaiietttXy t cxee of SUS 5s$*/h ^# exiauee venti lation should ae pplied at ths tAticKis*) *i. fere& o tha Vreascs Th& levele of encentration of !& in fche r at tiie leev# presa# enei ab th station vier *E--vipe* pige are net# exeeede aligktly tue threshold Hait. If fche ratsips of concentration in fchi area is asintalned ut or soteewhat fedo the prsent ev&l# it wculdL nppear to be uaaeoaea&ry feo eispXoy exhaust ventila tion at thvse operations* *i# irihite Het&X re^, 'As leve le c-f on centrat ion of lesa in th-s air near tlse ait in# feette (Includine the casting area.}# and at th aplicc-euttl^ and pulllng: operetiens# indicate th need for iprevedi exhmist ventilation at thsce operations, Panerai ventilatine in thia srsa r?&s?' aise ie4 to he inereaaed* er# eowjtletc encc-aure ef the kefctles and largar voltine of esh&uetc ir sy fco reeuire* at these ' locations* (< ^he !>triyp in.s; Area# Thl area# without question# i n th est hsanrtous of thce in fchi plani# fresi th aspect of-.axw'Osnjre to lecci* A wtrber of centre!'neasurea are sug*j:oat4# choie* .ong fcfcew to bd *sad n th* Italie of praetioaX considrations, ^hought houles fee given to th applica tion of local exhauat ventilation et appropriate point on the ia&cinea and at other pointa tmere ciuut isay fcc tt,encratc, The amial hanulin of cable in feedini?.. th pachinea# the operation of the mehinea theaeelve## an the aterina of  salvaged lend oft the pellet produce visible cloucia of duct* . Frequent and conscientiously ssi&ittbained cleaning; schedules (using & vricuur: system) should fee., instituted or aaeh shift to cliiars floors, A&eriinea and superstructures* fee pirotors should he worn by everyone in the entire urns, at all tl, until future tests show that seaattires-of control'nre adequate* icriou thovtiiht should bo given to the feasibility cf autotaating the operation bo ?ss to station the operator# at oat* -distance fro, the roll and knives of the Machines* Ctanpict and satisfactory control of these operations through exhaust ventilation why fe difficult or Jiapnccifel# because of the nature of the vorfe# In this c'.& It would he necessary to provide each worker in the area with,'-, forced .air r*s>ir&tor (helsset type) da m assured #<1 cetssfortabl vim* of providing clean air* 7. General fecoc^ettilation _ * i n w a " i i '^g n -- / m w i mi m fj lin n n ii .>iw !n 4 w # t w w i^ ir t w m . (a) A r e g u l a r l y scheduled *mti frequent s c h e d u l e $ of house cleaning to waev cottied dusts and c to prevent their redispersal into the air should he Instituted In all departments* Vacuum cleaning only should he employed. (b) 'The us of filter res^iratora throughout the hours of work cannot be c&imfcetl on to provide protection* and every effort should be' fide to central the fttcepherie on- tsslnaticn fey engineering *raoc*iarac* Flespiretors of either filter or air supply type should fee used only in the conduct of infrequent operation* in which engineering- controls are not feasible* cr in connection with continuous operations which cannot fee controlled adequately hy engineering m an* She respirators, and their telnttt%ne and use, should fee under the a u p e r v i l i m o f an ins t r u s t e d &nd re s p o n s i b l e eraoa or vroup of persons* A d e q u a t e , c i a s n l o o k e r end shc-uer roors sh o u l d be provided* iSfetini? S.n the production &**& stasl; fee forbidden, and a suitable reo sc located and arranged as to fee free ef c o n t a m i n a t i o n ' w i t h leac-oor.iainlng duata s h o u l d fe# p r o v i d e d to serve as a lunch roes** The type f hed sruS tha staunt. of exnaust Ventils tion t fee o&plcyea will need eareful study st *b oparatlen* Sine sose of th reclass.ftt.iori proeeaae re such th&fe dusta r.ay fee gnerafced by perafclcns fcher ih thoae of tha s&chifi* t heis.seIv s , a n d e ine t h a s e a o u r e a aisay not fe r e a d i l y i d e n t i fle<i, tfc type f ho?ii tm& %&**!Ity f clr fco b* rh&usfceti vary onsider-bly fror, eparation fco prticn, i=nd even ir tue aas operation, ln different pl&c c*r eiretistsfsf* Only fey trial and error will it fe possible , ln a ll liisstimees, to determine' the typ1 f c o ntrol feefit suite for the mechine, the work a n d the rsan. Fro the Mattering Lafeersttery in the Dejsariesent of Prventive i%aieine, and Industrial he&ifch, College of indicia,- University of Cincinnati* Cincinnati* Ohio ' 'erk and ftsnort fey? J. Cholaii, cn.r.. .chafer, d*.#<*; .*^Ch*.w*^ .v* i'cager, f*S* Approved: *> mlMPa ti * ,t Kiiit i n Robert k . Kih PIrector *1?. SI * i zs f S> O i g is *4 -* ' e * *n d i i < t i4- t4 U*. 4--t A ir r?\ O r* ** 3 3 O O M sr O fO <3 U*', Ot. ru r** H CO tfS &* a i-tc i * &r * fi ** S * A S 4 * k ~' b p: in fcf r* tr i rS O r* 1 O iK OT O i- i a\ *t * "t * to r - ** T j *( - IA sr t r4 -I-: m ** j' *ea-' O M *0*#* wt*n* |H t O l M*w~i Om*I* j"i H fft I J<* H fW* cm r*f c\*t Iv*AO* o410 X* *i & 4* "4 i * * C rf vSi 1 *n T M i p ". rw ,, *' \ f vii J" O- vS> VHi?- 1 rj 4 5\ I CM 1tti CM fit I I oa tM r(Mut I** fVI jmIA feo 431 wl .J j ^Mt- ***4. tt'a3 & n j o Ht e ite 'H w hi. k > .J nSJ.%^.U),1 tS-'Ui SOfSS. 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