Document 6w9Z6rV3602qe07vQgz0KnOo9

2 Uae this composite chart to cheek your treatment doaaoe Computing hit consists of Individual charta, each one of n (Sts) which cover* a chemical or chemical combination uwd "( treat a given water. Column# provide for plotting ansi**11. POWER j cduBin four, chart 1, will serve j ibe*c readings- Chart 2 is a . ef several calculating charta. ^Lcord of blowdown or treatment * ^ U desired, * tor yUl be found between eotumni j"j ^ee, alto tor perceni-conden* Crortis. calorimeter reading* (not jy aad pH values. No calculations Sfo from these boiler records. The olatinf columns are used specific. .With the hardness and oxygen con[ *( boiler feedwater. Colunrn for ,iico Is calibrated and placed to line Wth the 0*** <onlenl expressed b per liter. Vm Coicolater. Determine total bjjoi of boiler feedwater and lay a ^,1 edge across this point, inter- I lie same ppm-acale figure on , ahd left of chart 1. Spot where Jjht edge cuts across the dosage gives amount of chemicals. per 1000 lb of water, or 200x0.016 3.2 lb a day. Tho chlorides, total alkalinity and pH ara charted to indicate to the operator the genera) conditions existing in the feedwater. They will signal to him any extreme changes that requiro readjust* menu in the treatment, blowdown or general formulation. Dissolved Oxygon. Scale for oxygen content in cc per liter is at the right, chart 1. If oxygen content is 3 cc per liter a straight edge from this figure to the aodium*aulphite line, showa 0.032 lb of sulphite are required to reduce dis* solved oxygen to zero in the boiler. Sodium sulphite required for treatment is 200x0.032 = 6.4 lb a day. Summery. The treatment-control charta have been designed with the ut most simplicity. Feedwater is sampled before treatment, as it goes to the boiler, and the calculation of chemical feed is based on the determination of hardness. Quantities of materiel to be fed are de termined by multiplying the chart fig ure given (or 1000 lb by the number of lb evaporated each day. For greater accuracy, the figure can be Increased by the percentage blowdown. In large in* stalletiona where the additional (actor is appreciable, it la well to Introduce this refinement. Calculation of additional alkali it for determination of the amount required to neutralize the treating chemicaL If there ia appreciable alkalinity In the boiler feedwater, the refinement ean be introduced by determining the amount of caustic represented by this alkalinity, and subtracting the resulting figure from the total caustic feed. Large in stallations will find both these refine* menu advisable, but for the average small plant, calculations based on these charts are simple and adequate. KaMunt of dlaodlum phosphate tndibd. will precipitate the hardness. . joaot of colloid indicated will coagu* rt sad consolidate the sludge, end the iat of either caustic or soda ash neutralize the oddity created by ..([[sodium-phosphate treatment \ij catering consecutive analyses on jBMCOtlve lines of the plotting chart, isd connecting the points in the form r graph, a continuous, permanent ird of the fluctuations will be main* ed, For hardness of 75 ppm, or less, iter accuracy may be obtained by [using the entire charta with the decimal cist shifted one space to the left. Com* die chart 2 is limited to 740 ppm be* ibm of page space. PAmount of sulphite to ase Is likewise ^eteralned from dosage column and the 71"-content plot Chart 1 U for disodium phosphate. A dollar chart fa available for each of the [eoauaonly used hardneas.treating chem* ala. They all earry the sulphite scale. Horde***. Suppose total hardness la [30-ppa. Lay a straight edge across 30 frp (en both aides of chan) and look 'fw die softening agent, chart 1. Let's 'UuBe It is dlaodlum phosphate. The Knight edge crosses at 0.03 lb, that la, M3 lb is required to bring 1000 lb of wster irora a hardness of 30 ppm to j^tero hardness for internal treatment If f;,Ketai production is 200,000 lb per day, Bulkheads Seal Against Floods re<Pured disodium*phoaphato dosage Is |j.vt|20xa03, or 6 lb. \iA Attome we are using caustic soda to ijirnet with the phosphate. The straight rAmP Cro8*cs this scale at 0.009, and <' **O.O09 ar I.g lb per day. Now select "ki* colloid or coagulant in either , PWods or pints. Going to tho pound* y why Wfi find we need 0.015 lb |f?WEg . jUM 1948 Mod important thing to deride about flood protection is what end hew much to Inttoll In s plant permanently. Openings at low elevations are natu* roily the moat vulnerable to rising water. Beit thing to do here Is to fabricate barriers that can be stored near the open* ings they are to dote. Small ventilating ducts sir plates that can be bolted be tween duct joints or over the open end. Heavy reinforced bulkheads made ef steel plate and angle Iron serve to seal door openings on tho outside. Holding scads can be welded to metal door frames or Imbedded in the concrete or brfefc wall. A robber gasket cemented to the plate rim and a supply of nuts stored on the studs completes the Job. IWI u r t j-