Document 6w79E3yBopX3MaNE2Nvj2prR

128 Annals New York Academy of Sciences In the future, periodic control examinations of all PVC workers, especially of those engaged in VC polymerization, at short intervals employing sensitive methods should be obligatory unless it should prove feasible to eliminate com pletely any possible air contamination. Some of the many scientific questions connected with the problem of vinyl chloride disease may not be answerable until results of further extensive animal experiments*"""' and of prospective and retrospective large-scale studies'* as well as of continuous monitoring of working areasl,-,,,'1*'-m are available. References 1. Adam, Y. G., A. G. Huvos A S. I. Hajdu. 1972. Malignant vascular tumors of t , liver. Ann. Surg. 175: 375. 1^2__AmuoWr-k. T. 1967. VjnyiLliiaHUe piUlEU.es. Chi -A Ai nair.iiT 1 P 10A7 ` ....................... A Bo U. --yietds-petyviny(-chloride-rcsinsrChsm. Eng. 74 (June 5): Hi. __amwiiT, L. H. 1967. Vinyl 'CIlTgrUlt pulyiiiuizalien by multi jion prnrettrs Chrm. Eng.-74 (July 3). S3: 7. Angiieloscu. Fl., M. Otoiu, H. Dobrinescu. L. Hagi-Parasciiiv-dossios, Gii. Doukinescu A V. Ganea. 1969. Consideralii dinico-palogenice asupra fenomenutui Raynaud la muncilorii din industria policloruril de vinit. Med. Interna Hi *473. y.'-'rnuT O. T. 1974. ImlusuttHTysIgiiifluun organlo ehcmlc.iti~<P'ait 3). Cln.ni. jAAMMMaectuUMX 9. D'aaoer, E. W. i960. Kllnische Grundlagen der sechsundvlerzig mcldepnichtlgen Bcrufsknnkhcitca. Urban A Schwarzenberg. MUnchen, West Germany. 10. Daaoer, E. \V., Ed. 1961. Handbuch der gesamten Arbeitsmedlzln. Vol. ll/li Ucrufskranklieilen. Urban A Schwarzenberg. MUnchen, West Germany. It. UaOIurzade. M. F., E. U. Hertel A P. Schumacher. 1971. Hbmangioendoihellom (Retlculosarcoma angioplaitlcum) der Leber und alle EchlnokokkusInfektion. Acta Hepato-Splenol. lti 224. 12. Qaretta, E. D., K. D. Stewart A I. E. Mutchler. 1969. Monitoring exposures to vinyl chloride vapor, breath analysis and continuous air sampling. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J, 30; 537. 13. DaSalaev, A. V., A. N. Vazin A A. G. KodETXOv. 1972. K patogenezu izmenenii voznikayushiikh pri dlilel'nom vozdeistvii vinilkhlortda. Gigfena Truda Prof. Zabolevoniya 16(2): 24. 14. Dasu, A. K.. J. Boyer, R. Biiattacharva, K. C. Basu Mallik A K. P. Sen Gupta. 1967. Non-cirrhotlc portal fibrosis with portal hypertension: a new syndrome. Part I. Clinical and function studies and results of operations. Indian J. Med. Res. 55: 336. 15. Basu Mallik, K. C., K. P. Sen Gupta, A. K. Basu, S. K. Biswas, N. C. Pal. A J. Uoyer. 1967. Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis with portal hypertension: a new syndrome. Part II. Histopathological studies. Indian J. Med. Res. 55: 351. ld.~0ri:K. It.; W. DuuuLen. M. llou itr Dr Klein, 16vStci<iuoEX~A RTTehner. 17B9. 17. --i A.Atrflai.s. Decker, d.1V.c..r-AILaK.uDiiOuA--ss^cl-h-t-re--^r-.lg19.61n. ......... Ucber - '* das - wes-t---G--e--r-m---a--n- y. HMoiangfocmloihclIom der Leber. Acta Hepato-Splenol. 8:356. 18. Bianciii, L. 1970. Zum Problem der Leberfibrose. Schweiz. Med. Wochschr. 100: 1214. 19. Dove?., i. L.t .'<. ?. Sen Gupta, S. K. Biswas, N. C. Pal, K. C. Dasu Mallik, F. L. ibex A A. K. Basu. 1967. Idiopathic portal hypertension. Comparison wiciv the pertzi hypertension of cirrhosis and extrahepatic portal vein obstruclien. Ann. i.v.er.-al Med. 66(1): 41. 20. Gp.it. Kzc. 1774, Vinyl chloride and cancer. 1 590. 21. Brohfsnmaier, S., F. Sciiaffner A H. Popper. 1966. Fat-storing cells (lipocytes) in humor. iNe,-. Arch. Pathol. 82t 447. 22. Broussard, G. 1769. Patologia da rcsine polivinilichc. Med. Bull. 52(2): 102. T00T99^Z Marsteller et al.: Splcnomegalic Liver Disease 129 mt. 23. BuOiil, W. 1966. Zwischenf'dllc und Komplikationen bei der Laparoskopie und gezielten Leberpunktion (Ergcbnis ciner Umfrage). Deut. Med. Wochschr. 91t * 24. Ca2n2a9d7a. , Department of National Health and Welfare, Industrial Health Division. 1949. A guide to the diagnosis of occupational diseases. King's Printer. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 25. Carr, J., R. M. Burgison, J. F. Vitcha A J. C. Kaantz, Jr. 1949. Anesthesia. XXIV. Chemical constitution of hydrocarbons and cardiac automaticity. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Titer. 97: 1. 26. Ciiatelain, A. A P. Motillon. 1967. Un syndrome d'acro-ostfolyse d'origine pro- fessionelie et de constatation nouvelle en France. I. Radiol. Electrol. Med. Nucl. 48: 277. 27. Chemical Economics Handoook. September 1973. Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride Resins. Stanford Research Institute. Menlo Park, Calif. 28. Chemiewirtschaft in Zaklen. Verdand der Ciiemisciien Industrie e.V., Ed. 1973. 15th edit. Econ-Verlag. Diisseldorf, West Germany. 29. Ciienowetii, M. U. A C. L. Hake. 1962. The smaller halogenated aliphatic hy drocarbons. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 2: 363. 30. Chief Inspector of Factories. 1953. Annual Report for the Year 1951. Cmd. 8772, H.M.S.O. London, England. 31. Cook, W. A., P. M. Giever, B. D. Dinman A H. J. Magnuson. 1971. Occupa tional acroostcolysis. II. An industrial hygiene study. Arch. Environ. Health 22: 74. 32. Cordier, I. M., C. Fievez, M. J. Lefvre A A. Sevrin. 1966. Acro-osl6olyse et Ifsions cutanies associfes chcz deux ouvriers alTectfs au nettoyage d'autoclaves. Cahiers de Mldecine du Travail (Association Professionnelle beige des Midecins du Travail 4 janvier 1966). 33. Creech, J. L., Jr. A M. N. Johnson. 1974. Angiosarcoma of liver In the manufacturcohjolyvmyKhloridc. J. Occupational Nled,JMSi 15CL ^ 35. Dahloren, SQ9&V. Thorotrast tumours. A review of the literature and report of two case^Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 53t 147. .......................... .......... .. itomoiekuiyarnykh soedinenii. Gigiena Truda Prof. Zabolevamya 5 (9): 26. 37. DaNZIOER, H. I960. Accidental poisoning by vinyl chloride: report of two cases. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 82: 828. 38. DEEse, D. E. A R. E. Joyner. 1969 'F--1 a siudy of chronic human ex- posure. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J..' oo U--39. tSmAfCcHaMdeAminiic, W-; I). Pitss. MAauWII--. 1Wd i.JTkJG, liNrk.avY<i 40. Devionevielle, Dr. A A. M. Flui des rfsines polyvinyliques. Servi w = *) ogy vl diugs jmTxliemiLJls. q sg toxicologique explrimentale tnufactures de Saint-Marcel, Vernon, avril 1953. As cited in T 41. Dimov, D. A T. Beritic. 1971. J osteoliza. Arhiv. Hig. Rada Toksikol. 22: 53. 42. Dinman, B, D., W. A. Cook, W. I check. 1$71. Occupational acre 4. J. Magnuson A Tit. Drrtpidemiological study. Arch. Environ. Health 22: 61. 43. Dodson, V. N., B. D. Dinman, 5 Magnuson. 1971. Occupational viron. Health 22: 83. 44. Dominingiiaus, H. 1972. Kunsisl sorten-Anwendungen. 2nd edit.' 45. Dominingiiaus, H. 1973. Kunstsi formen. 2nd edit. VDI-Verlag. C 46. Dublin, L. I. A R. J. Vane. 193 U. S. Department of Labor, Uu Government Printing Office. \\ H Ov to vO CO ;e, A. N. M. Nasr A H. J. . A clinical study. Arch. En- nd Eigenschaflen-Kunstslo/T* Idorf, West Germany. :n-Oberflachenveredeln- Um- ermany. iazards and diagnostic signs, t istics. Bulletin No. 582. U.S. p. 49. As cited in Danziger, I960. 47. Dublin, L. I. A R. J. Vane. 1941. Occupational hazards and diagnostic signs. U. S. Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards. Dulletin No. 41 (revised). U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C., p. 65. As cited in Dan- ziger, 1960. as should be found in the im m ediate v ic in ity o f the tu m o u r. ( I I ) 'rite latency period should he s u ffic ie n tly long, and ( I I I ) the radiation (lose 3 ( *i m \ a. fry JtJ.>A .atfV M .-i x.S !) jim.< j.kI li:'| or .!.> *<[ AI|(llUif(lliilM! |IM(|.l.l.r) UOII.litflll JO )XO(|j|1(| HtUU.fr.l US ]SU((JI)J(J| .j .niomnj, l|M?op jo sjsoutfujniii oil tyiii --------------------------mm |lt )0 0Jill.l|,| joijmv 'unij.ittfui Jn '//S' ln s'Jiunmij l M'lHVM. ii ZZ C o -* M C3 u3 --> uO "oli r; * cU j-Mz 5!|2 o lias ^v c w: u Lem - o o *a o C-- C - ? ^ j-> .c s u t< '5ub <6/ <-- j-r o >o 00 >U *S. i*f. .5. > 3> * ~1 --X 3 Xoo > c3 x O 3 , ^ c tO a ^ ^ 3u '7: 3 O 4--> o c O G -- 3 = -5 z.3z Cmo 3 3 2 75 rz c -C S -- tT O > -- o _c .3 O - y. uu c3 7O) Cm r* oc u cc O o*--: i; M H O m OS ASon - O O o75 75 75 75 > U r* "Ou 3 5> = y^ .M3 r^" ,3m 3 Lx O jM3> ^ '< <--o o>r-:* rOo 5c0 -- o Cm c 75 3 75 3 o '3; *uu O M xos -- 75 75 U OLo J= Cm O o 75 3 tr- co -3 75 75 75 75 O *MU 3 3 O o u % O 2 6/ XM* u Cm3 3 X ^ OU OS. X cUj4 i?i cc* C/3 c CCmm O O7) . "2 "5 u u xM: 3 Cm o U3 O 1 50 O 3u _o 2 75 oo 75 3 ."C2 PM " 3 <M O u Or- S pC >1 75 *3 C; 3 3? *3 3 c > X O M CT 3 3 75 X Ou p3 1 t 50 tT of- 3 -2 Urn 3 .2 3^ O3 3O 33 'y o P *5 2 "w .1 a 3 .s s C5 O "5 Cw >, 3 S .2 ? 5c0 : *c c 3 0 ~ soo .X> r o 75 60 '" 3 mi iS 3 3 X TrTMZ 75 5g S5 12 #u o j3 -- -C U ,,5oQX0 ^ oU G * tT -*--t 3 x: O/ 2 --3 CmO o 'T*' 3JS3 c -c X X S .3 -6% 5u V 60 bp ' o c 3 s^ 5| 50 o .2 3 JO i` m 3 X-- ? J5 rV- --c H.&* ~ ~ >" 3 v0 s 3 O O 3. * cc o t: ^ c-~ 0X3, O J3 'C fc- O --cs J3Z3 to t- C -3 0 -- O 0*^* 3-c COO3 Oo 3-- o -* >3 '/3 3-- 3O O 50 C 5 3 2 ac S -- 3, V X* ^ *3 3a u O O 75 ^ 3. 3 .2 O-- w O O r^* 3 *" 3 -- 75 r3- *3 3 rZ"j 3 Vj t, 3 3 3 t_ 3 O > s pH >) 7U5 ku'* 3 75 Mc rX MMm<) Cv4O* 0 3u O 3 3 *3 *3 3 o3 O o `C u *-* u 3 2 u 6/ c ZO CO 3 1 to *3 CO Ci C"7> 3 r" os 3 3 O >5 O ou 3 75 75 L- c 3 "3S *o 01 ZZJj 3 3 3 u^ 3 3u3 V5 P *3 60 33" 32 -- ^0 O tO ^^ 7 c X o XM> fglfr, i,, ,j ,l.-,l.,j!;iH;i!M,i .M,,i. I-. 4ion - a. a- dS 3O^ oX oX OX as* -g ra 5-- ~' 333 3" 'J O rj 0X c 3' < O35 3 ST O-i t3a ^* 2^ -- g X *-* 3* 5 x x* o 3 '< 3- ~ Aultior Picnic cl al. 11154 Ai<e at diagnosis or death. Author Zollinger Austoni ltuf & Philipp Hofer Vogtlin & Minder (iros et al. Schcihc Boemkc Bud in & Gershon-Cohen Pederlin & Scior .lacoh & Schostok Moth Nielsen & Kracht Verhank Verhaak (ielzer & Seheidegger Aiken el al. Cattcll & Kahn (iros et al. Kligcrman et al. Kligcrman et al. Kligcrman et al. Kligerman et al. Kriickenveyer et al. 11)411 11)50 11)50 11)52 11)52 1955 1955 1956 11)50 1957 1957 1957 1958 1958 1958 195!) 1960 1960 1960 I960 1960 I960 I960 1960 * Age at diagnosis or death. TAHMi 1 7'umoiir.s at Sitr of Injection. Tumour Fibroblast sarcoma Purpose of injection Cerebral angiography Dose Cl* *20 TAHU<: 2 Tumours after Detxisitiou of Thorotrnst in 1`erformetl ('.unities. Tumour Spindel-cefl sure., kidney Care, hreast dare, eyelid Care, maxillary sinus Hronchogcnic care. Garc. maxillary sinus Malign perit. thorotrastoma Care, kidney Care, hreast Care, ovary Care, kidney Bronchogenic rare. Mixed tumour kidney Adenoeare. kidney Care, in situ, kidney Care, seminal vesicle ('.are. kidney Peritonealeare. (hire, maxillary sinus Care, maxillary sinus Care, maxillary sinus (hire, maxillary sinus Care, maxillary sinus (lure, kidney Purpose of injection Pyelography Mammography Dacryocystography Maxillary visual. Bronchography Maxillary visual. Inlrapcritoneal Pyelography Mammography Salpingography Pyelography Bronchography - Pyelography Pyelography IJrethrovesicographv Pyelography Salpingography Maxillary visual. .Maxillary visual. Maxillary visual. Maxillary visual. Maxillary visual. Pyelography Dose cc :i it 10 no ~ 24 - - - ~ ~ Lilt. per year 6 Sex j i i- IM. Age* year 54 l.iit. per year 10 12 :i5 10 18 5 17 17 28 25 19 21 25 14 29 21 14 18 21 10 15 25 Sex | M M M IAl M P M M P 1M P 1' !' M M I' P P M Al P P IM. Age* year 64 47 51 64 47 96 60 75 45 45 49 88 66 48 44 68 56 48 49 92 89 70 70 45 *Q0T9SEg 35?* 24S4>.1908 !>*J y l!) litit: is (ititHtlit (it19 (It it: tts !tt St r*y KS ts KS ts (it ts t: - K9 /* f JRO.t .>*V qjwop jo sismitfujp in oHy* , .1 or. IV nr. IV tr. IV n IV ti IV nr. IV t:i .1 r.r. .I tr IV it IV si IV tz .1 ll IV t:i IV n IV rr :l it .1 t:r. .1 i:r. IV tr. IV tr IV ti IV n .1 tr. IV or I r't: .1 ti .1 7 I - Si - OK - Si - ()i OK OK - OK - or Si i* l 1 J1WA I *S | J.xl | .10 i)SO(l At|<ll!.l/OM.I.->|.iy A'l|lll!.l.'((lll.1llO|l!<l.l|| A'qdR.iiOq.ioi.iy `[RI1SIA JS.fOJOAI'J .Vi|(lRJiii)jjO)jy A'l|(lHJtllllJ.H.iy A'ltdlMiiOjJillR |I!.I(|.1.I.V) A'qdR.iM<>iio![<>)RdO|{ .CqdR.iMouoi.iy .<qdR.iMn.uot.iy A'qdRJSIouojioiRdOH " .CqdBJMoiMiiR (R.iqo.io;) A'qdtuMouo|.iy .VqdB.iMouo|jy .CqdiuMoj.iot.iy AqdR.iMiiuo!lolRdoH .CqdBjMouoi|oiBdO|q .Cqdu.iMouoi.iy .Vqd njMouo).iy .CqdRJMojMuR lR.iqo.io;) A'qdR.lJtiqjoi.iy A-qdR.iM(iuO!|o)Rdo|| .VqdiuMouo;|o)RdO|{ .CqdiMMoiMun |R.iqo.io;) A"qdR.iM<)UO!|o|RdO|-| .Cudu.iMoiioiioiRdon UOjp.lfllJ JO osmluiM UJuin.M y uiouioj woouopy UIM SUOU0jitl5iUR((lj;) UUiOOJBSOlJiU K-OIpmopUH ojno jonp-ojiH Hll n[ PUB JOAIJ *ojb;) BUioj[oqjopuooiHuwuioH pup ojjndoq jjoj o.iir) OJWO a'JRU1IJ(| \ubo jonp-ojjij KUlo;]Al|p)pU0O|HUHlU0)J uuiojj.njiopuouiJiURUJOj-i ).mp uoiuuioo ojir) *OJWO .CJRU1|J(J *OJBO AJRLU|.I(1 m.ibs lpo-|uj|oqjopir.| ojno *jonp ojiwclojj o.iwo jwjnnoo-oiHuwioq') ojwo .iwinuoo-ojwdO|-| wiuoupjwoouopy wujojnoi jojobiiiKiuopj wiuoijoqjopuooiHuiuuoji * `OJWS |{O.VlB|pl|)OpUH 'ojbo *pnp-.ii;(| jonp uoujuioo -ojh;) \>JB [|7.V|Bf[?m|>tJ$[ *o,ibk lioo-jwijoqjopir.i *ojus l|O0-[Bi[oqppir.i Jlioillllj, w.'xi * Otllil 0961 0961 0961 6S61 (IS (it 6S6I KS61 KSdl KS61 KS61 iSlil iSlil iSlil 9S61 9S61 9S61 9S61 9S61 9S6I SS61 SS61 tS(il tS(il KSdl KSdl itlil UUWIUJ0U1U10)S* jb jo SO.I) `{V. ]0 RHJ0SB({ uuBiuoqjjo^w uincquosojj oiajiHo V JOupjw|) p? jo urHjoj^ IIU.\UO.|0|1J |UlA'UO.IOI|-| BUHOQ 7$ Bduiwj*) *JB JO BTJBUjqO JOpS 7$ UIJJOpO^ UtpmiA\ ^ jojinjqosuozjwji nj.ioj-j BAps uospw;> 7g sjjoqoji soqjjBjv soqjjBjv [P. jo pjotssoa;) *JB JO IJOJB^) U!PJWN V Mnls0X Hui|i{UJd soqjjwjM UBUJJIOJJ WJJOJ-I BAJJS' uipn'i *[B JO U()lJW|\f0WJV JOl|mv 'sjnouinj, />(/->//*/ pun j,uir/ /innithjuj\r ; i/o//oo/*i// .iii/o/s/i.y Jo//y V K M'UIVJ. #1.3 /: C .i 3 3 3 3 ?! 5e 3 O = ss 5- 3i g" r- =% Ss C 3 /. - 1 o 1.5 O C -3 i r* C d3 *5 *, >^< 5- -5 S --y ,, 2^S; -1C5; f>fal t5.i, c i-s- fe-s.-s *' O g S o 2 '7. ^-o _ ?2 ** 5 .a ~ - S' c = . ^ r*-'=9|s"s Se :5 ---s^ :; = s? ~ u a. '1 p S 3 .u U g 2 SUg-2-* s . r . 2 1 f.g 152 TAW.K :i li After Sifstemir Injection: Maliumml Tumours, other Sites Hum finer ami Hile-Ihiets. Author Hu din & (iershon-Cohcn llneketilhnl Wnkelich it Mark Nielson it Kraehl (iardiUT & Oijilvie Friedrich ! Tumour | 1! 1950 1950 1957 1958 195(1 19011 Care. colon IlionrhoBenic tale. ((are. |>anrr. anil kidney Adenneure. 1 (i n K Ciiant fnllie. Iym|>h. spleen ((are. kidney. Purpose of injection Mcputolienugraphy Arteriography Arteriography llepalnlienniPaphy C.ei'eliial angiography Cerebral angiography 1 ! Dose | i... - ~ 15 | Hat. ) Sex | per j year I -F 10 M in M 94 M 15 F 2(1 F Pi. Age* yenr 05 75 7(1 4d (>5 55 * Age nl diagnosis or death. \ 03 V, p JS -- * W ?-?hr35S"lde. .*gdJ=Sf3 ^" * *g C 3 > 3"C 3 ~ ~ nQ r. *; c " '<T S' 3 2. o 3 era g; 1 g <3- S s: S o" oc =r 2 5 5* S ET 5 S. ZASGi008 E. a rt ~ zx .> 3o o C Ei =o c o - <-> 3, OCJ cZ/5s x. %J2 > *- J J= y> - 50 53 5_ , u C *- o o .sS 3 c < ^ C3 3 2c * uc, -*G-* C- b-- c r-g t- CQ *C </; JS * Oou E c do a3 a S .2 -/: U C3 "3 y. u o - c -- rt -= c 50 Cod n o O C/ ,-- o gf _ *** *-' o *c C * jzj o t <- a ?C 3 - c ~ ? e C o U X % O <5 - -y1> so S gt- .3 <*-- c -So ?*u c3 c B p P 'U c C/ 0 V C/ 3 3 - 3 JC c j= ^-o ** 0 .--> C/ y; C y: ofc 5 2 cVc O ^ y. *-* C/5 o J2 .3 d 03 JG <C o *5? -3 y> 3 y. 7S ~ o3 Ou C5 -- y; 2c ~O c fc ?C -2C *> * 1; " O *- 2 ni 3 -- O 50 50 03 o 2 o C a <j t&i /Jr- 2 -s > ** -- k*j ^uo S ~ co 3 O c_*r 5 c P 3 3 | 5a p ~** *Z52 oo ." c ill O 0 r- ^ 33 if .S .^ o o -- o ^ `3 S o 2 *s OUrf So--' _Cr*j *^* 00 *2 3r- >r<* g** 5>r3 Co-- ro3s C5 c C3 3 ^ >C> T5 too 3 oy^ c2 , es c c ._ o-- c ^ >.2 o t- = O -3 C CCC e T3 c5 ."<- E2 s2 ^- ^ 2 3a |gs r-J3 (/3 ^,,4/ q,* C< "E M XC w co c_ -T5WE<--- 4i *5 --J ^ C so cp CA o B ^ E y S c gC r5 >, C/5 eS &0 E o 5E s^ 31 * u *" . 5 2 cs c -3 (A J3 <9 V) S3 - r i> S 37*5 5.5 3 ^E ,cc -3 O Ct E5 3.S uu j O .- o oH as .* C'l x J S eo v 9i J* il: a u ?~ M Si i ? ts C 8 8 - su b- fe c gJS a 3 3 * as Cc m; u3; s? or SJE^ -o $Z -s 3 2 a. ` <* < c .z 1* e 9 teA C 2 W y. 9 3 _ U baA> *^2 e3 t 52 ^ ,x e~ X o P= g3 u-- < 3 s" s * e *2 o " . *3 * o = E O .Si Zi a ^ -4 b C- bA-- H y ^ B E-5 "8 ^G7 x ` 1gfi 8 fi 2 Is i p I? a3*?*.2193I 83s*3;siV C* E 5 4 - = g t , a ie C <3 N i , o ? * S' X 00 i * w 530 X X X so - --e i-5'5/'?bSs A X ^ z <r ? ^- i= S E t , "CU3 --ii -1 . 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