Document 6boVeDRD7EX7mBJdBnO3vJmoE

* be provided. The examination shall in- /A elude the personal history of the em ployee, family and occupational back ground, including genetic and environ mental factors. (H) Authorized employees shall be pro vided periodic physical examinations, not less often than annually, following the preassignment examination. (Hi) In all physical examinations, the examining physician shall consider whether there exist conditions of in creased risk, including reduced im munological competence, those undergoing treatment with steroids or cytotoxic agents, pregnancy and cigarette smoking. (2} Records. (i) Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate rec ords of all such medical examinations. Records shall be maintained for the dura tion of the employee's employment. Upon termination of an employee's employment, including retirement or death, or in the event that the employer ceases business without a successor, records, or notarized true copies thereof, shall be forwarded by registered mail to the Director. (H) Records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to au thorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary or the Director, and, upon re quest of an employee or former employee, to a physician designated by the employee or to a new employer. (Hi) Any physician who conducts a medi cal examination required by this para graph shall furnish to the employer a statement of the employee's suitability for employment in the specific exposure. ^cc: RMH 9-28-77 1910.1017--VINYL CHLORIDE i (a) Scope and application. (1) This section includes requirements for the control of employee exposure to vinyl chloride (chloroethene). Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75014. (39 F.R. 41S48, 'December 3, 1974.] (2) This section applies to the manufacture, reaction, packaging, repackaging, storage. handling or use of vinyl chloride or poivvinvi chloride, but goes not apply to the handnngor use of fabricated products made of polyvinyl chloride. (3) This section applies to the transportation of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Trans- Sortation may regulate the hazards covered y this section. (b) Definitions. vinyl chloride of 0.5 ppm averaged over an 8-hour work day. (2) "Assistant Secretary" means the Assist ant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or hisdesignee. (3) "Authorized person" means any person specifically authorized by the employer whose duties require him to enter a regulated area or any person entering such an area as a desig nated representative of employees for the purpose of exercising an opportunity to ob serve monitoring and measuring procedures. (4) "Director" means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, or his designee. (5) "Emergency" means any occurrence such (1) "Action level" means a concentration of as, but not limited to, equipment failure, or Chant* 14 642111 . 1910.1017(bH5) -jar, r,i *' .wr 1910.1017(b)(5) 9 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETXllONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH operation of a relief device which is likely to, or does, result in massive release of vinyl chloride. (6) "Fabricated product*' means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride, and which does not require further processing at temperatures, and for times, sufficient to cause mass melting of the'polyvinyl chloride resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. 'v (y) "Hazardous operation** means any opera* tion, procedure, or activity where a release of either vinyl chloride liquid or gas might be ex pected as a consequence of the operation or because of an accident in the operation, which would result in an employee exposure in ex cess of the permissible exposure limit. (2) Where a determination conducted under paragraph (d) (1) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level, a program for determining exposures for each such employee shall be established. Such a program: (i) Shall be repeated at least monthly where any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the per missible exposure limit. (it) Shall be repeated not less than quar terly where any employee is exposed, with out regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess of the action level. |39 F.R. 41648, December 3,1974.] (8) MOSHA Area Director*' means the Direc tor for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Area Office having jurisdic tion over the geographic area in which the employer's establishment is located. <9) "Polyvinyl chloride*' means polyvinyl chloride homopolymer or copolymer before such is converted to a fabricated product. (10) "Vinyl chloride*' means vinyl chloride monomer. (c) Permissible exposure limit. (1) Ho employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and (2) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 6 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 16 minutes. (Hi) May be discontinued for any employee only when at least two consecutive moni toring determinations, made not less than 6 working days apart, show exposures for that employee at or below the action level. (3) Whenever there has been a production, process or control change which may result in an increase in the release of vinyl chloride, or the employer has any other reason to suspect that any employee may be exposed in excess of the action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph (d) (1) of this sec tion shall be performed. (4) The method of monitoring and measure ment shall have an accuracy (with a confidence level of 95 percent) of not less than plus or minus 50 percent from 0.25 through 0.6 ppm, plus or minus 85 percent from over 0.5 ppm through 1.0 ppm, and plus or minus 25 percent over 1.0 ppm. (Methods meeting these accu racy requirements are available in the "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"). (9) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. (5) Employees or their designated represen tatives shall be afforded reasonable opportu nity to observe the monitoring and measuring required by this paragraph. (d) Monitoring. (e) Regulated area. (1) A program of Initial monitoring and meas urement shall be undertaken in each estab (1) A regulated area shall be established lishment to determine if there is any employee where: exposed, without regard to the use of res (i) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride is pirators, in excess of the action level. manufactured, reacted, repackaged, stored, UI0.1017(cXlXI) </ 642.112 handled or used; and Ownre IS OCCUPATONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH m0.1O17(eK!KU) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (iit Vinyl chloride concentrations are in exce he permissible exposure limit. resentatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. Such plans shall be updated at least every six -months. (2) s to regulated areas shall be limited to a.- .zed persons. A daily roster shall be (9) Respiratory protection. made mt authorized persons who enter. Where respiratory protection is required under (f) Methods of compliance. this section: E v:. exposures to vinyl chloride shall be coni; tm at or below the permissible expo sure provided in paragraph (c) of this sec tion by engineering, work practice, and personal protective controls as follows: (1) Feasible engineering and work practice controls shall immediately be used to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible expo sure limit. (2) Wherever feasible engineering and work practice controls which can be instituted im mediately are not sufficient to reduce expos ures to at or below the permissible exposure limit, they shall nonetheless be used to reduce exposures to the lowest practicable level, and shall be supplemented by respiratory protec tion in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. A program shall be established and implemented to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit, or to the greatest extent feasible, solely by means of engineering and work practice controls, as soon as feasible. (3) Written plans for such a program shall be developed and furnished upon request for examination and copying to authorized rep (1) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this para graph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until April 1, 1976, wearing of respirators shall be at the discretion of each employee for exposures not in excess of 25 ppm, measured over any 15- minute period. Until April 1, 1976, each em ployee who chooses not to wear an appropriate respirator shall be informed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respi ratory devices. t <40 F.R. 13211. March 25, 1975.) (2) Respirators shall be selected from among those jointly approved by the Mining En forcement and Safety Administration, De partment of the Interior, and the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11. (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of $ 1910.134 shall be estab lished and maintained. (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl chloride shall be as follows: Chang* 10 642.113 1910.l017(jrX4) |910.)0I74kK4) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride Required apparatus 0) Unknown, or above 3,600 ppm................................. Open-circuit, self-contained breathing apparatus, pressure demand type, with full facepiece. (il) Hot over 8,600 ppm .... (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator, pressure demand type, with full or half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Combination type C, supplied air respirator continuous flow type, with full or half facepiece and auxiliary self-contained air supply. (HI) Not over 1,000 ppm .... Type C, supplied air respirator continuous flow type, with full or half facepiece, helmet or hood. (fv) Not over 100 ppm.........(A) Combination type C supplied air respirator demand type, with tail facepiece, and aux iliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece, in demand mode; or (C) Type C supplied air respirator, demand type, with AiIl facepiece. (v) Not over 25 ppm (A) A powered air-purifying respirator with hood, helmet, full or half facepiece, and a canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm, or (vi) Not over 10 ppm (B) Gas mask, front- or back-mounted canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm. <A) Combination type C supplied-air respirator, demand type, with half facepiece, and aux iliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Type C supplied-air respirator, demand type, with half facepiece; or (C) Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge which provides a service life of at least 1 hour for concentra tions of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm. 139 F.R. 4146. December 3. 1974.1 I910.1017(SK4) 642.114 Chance 10 ,* ( ( URL 2 0 5 4 7 I i Ir i ) ) 1 I tI J I I I URL 2 0 5 4 8 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.1017(c)(6) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (5) (i) Entry into unknown concentrations 'or concentrations greater than 36,000 ppm (lower explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue; and (ii) Entry into concentrations of less than 36,000 ppm, but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for purposes of life rescue, firefighting, or securing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. (6) Where air-purifying respirators are used: (i) Air-purifying cannisters or cartridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the shift in which they are first used, whichever occurs first, and (ii) A continuous monitoring and alarm sys tem shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable concentrations for the devices in use. Such system shall be used to alert employees when vinyl chloride concentra tions exceed the allowable concentrations for the devices in use. (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concen trations may be used for any lower concentra tion. (h) Hazardous operations. (1) Employees engaged in hazardous opera tions, including entry of vessels to clean polyvinyl chloride residue from vessel walls, shall be provided and required to wear and use; (i) Respiratory protection in accordance with paragraphs (c) and (g) of this section; and (ii) Protective garments to prevent skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride or with polyvinyl chloride residue from vessel walls. The protective garments shall be selected for the operation and its possible exposure conditions. (2) Protective garments shall be provided clean and dry for each use. (i) Emergency situations. A written operational plan for emergency situ ations shall be developed for each facility storing, handling, or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency. The plan shall specifically provide that: (1) Employees engaged in hazardous opera tions or correcting situations of existing hazardous releases shall be equipped as re quired in paragraph (h) of this section; (2) Other employees not so equipped shall evacuate the area and not return until condi tions are controlled by the methods required in paragraph (f) of this section and the emergency is abated. ()) Training. Each employee engaged. in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations shall be provided training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use. (1) The program shall include: (i) The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to vinyl chloride including specifically the carcinogenic hazard. (ii) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride in excess of the permissible limit and neces sary protective steps; (iii) The purpose for, proper use, snd limi tations of respiratory protective devices; (89 F.R. 41848, December 3. 1974.) (Iv) The fire hazard and acute toxicity of vinyl chloride, and the necessary protective steps; (v) The purpose for and a description of the monitoring program; Change 10 642.115 1910.10I7(jXlMv) .it --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ft IMO.IOlTOMIXvt) ^----------------------- STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (vl) The purpose for, and a description of, the medical surveillance program; (vll) Emergency procedures; (viii) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition of conditions which may result in the release of vinyl chloride; and fix) A review of this standard at the employee's first training and indoctrination program, and annually thereafter. (2) All materials relating to the program shall be provided upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (k) Medical surveillance. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (E) Past history of hospitalizations. * fill) A serum specimen shall be obtained and determinations made of: (A) Total bilirubin; (B) Alkaline phosphatase; (C) Serum glutamic oxalacetic trans aminase (SGOT); (D) Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SGPT); and (E) Gamma gtustamyl transpeptidase. (2) Examinations provided in accordance with this paragraph shall be performed at least: A program of medical surveillance shall be in stituted for each employee exposed, without re gard to the use of respirators, to vinyl chloride in excess of the action level. The program shall pro vide each such employee with an opportunity for examinations and tests In accordance with this paragraph. All medical examinations and proce dures shall be performed by or under the super vision of a licensed physician, and shall be pro vided without cost to the employee. (i) Every 6 months for each employee who has been employed in vinyl chloride or poly vinyl chloride manufacturing for 10 years or longer; and (ii) Annually for all other employees. (3) Each employee exposed to an emergency shall be afforded appropriate medical surveil lance. (1) At the time of initial assignment, or upon institution of medical surveillance; (i) A general physical examination shall be performed, with specific attention to detect ing enlargement of liver, spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction in these organs, and for ab normalities in skin, connective tissues and the pulmonary system (See Appendix A) (it) A medical history shall be taken, includ ing the following topics: (A) Alcohol intake; (B) Past history of hepatitis; (4) A statement of each employee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride in cluding use of protective equipment and res pirators, shall be obtained from the examining physician promptly after any examination. A copy of the physician's statement shall be pro vided each employee. (5) If any employee's health would be mate rially impaired by continued exposure, such employee shall be withdrawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. (6) Laboratory analyses for all biological specimens included in medical examinations shall be performed in laboratories licensed under 42 CFR Part 74. <C) Work history and past exposure to potential hepatotoxic agents, including drugs and chemicals; (D) Past history of blood transfusions and (y> if the examining physician determines that alternative medical examinations to those required by paragraph (k) (1) of this section will provide at least equal assurance of detectfag medical conditions pertinent to the expo- ISIS. Wl7(kX7) 642.IU CKrnftf* 10 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.iei7(kKT) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS sure to vinyl chloride, the employer may ac cept such alternative examinations as meeting the requirements of paragraph (k) (1) of this section, if the employer obtains a statement from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examinations and the rationale for substitution. This statement shall be available upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the ^Director. or (ti) In accordance with 49 CFR Parts 170-189, with the additional legend: Cancer-Suspect Agent applied near the label or placard. (39 F.R. 41848, December 3, 1974.) (1) Signs and labels. (1) Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: (6) No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or instruction which con tradicts or detracts from the effect of, any re quired warning, information or instruction. Cancer-Suspect Agent Area (m) Records. Authorized Personnel Only (1) All records maintained in accordance with 139 F. R. 41848. December 3. 1974.] this section shall include the name and social (2) Areas containing hazardous operations or security number of each employee where re where an emergency currently exists shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: levant. (2) Records of required monitoring and measuring, medical records, and authorized Cancer-Suspect Agent in This Area personnel rosters, shall be made and shall be ( Protective Equipment Required Authorized Personnel Only available upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. 139 F.R. 41848, December 3, 1974.] (3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride resin waste from reactors or other waste contami nated with vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled: Contaminated with Vinyl Chloride (i) Monitoring and measuring records shall: (A) State the date of such monitoring and measuring and the concentrations deter mined and identify the instruments and methods used; Cancer-Suspect Agent (39 F.R. 41848, December 3. 1974 ] (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled: (B) Include any additional information necessary to determine individual employee exposures where such expo sures are determined by means other than individual monitoring of employees; and POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (OR TRADE NAME) Contains VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL CHLORIDE IS A CANCER- SUSPECT AGENT (C) Be maintained for not less than SO years. (H) Authorized personnel rosters shall be maintained for not leas than 30 years. (5) Containers of vinyl chloride shall be legi (ill) Medical records shall be maintained for bly labeled either: the duration of the employment of each employee plus 20 years, or 30 years, 0) whichever is longer. Vinyl Chloride Extremely Flammable Gas (3) In the event that the employer ceases to Under Pressure do business and there is no successor to re Cancer-Suspect Agent ceive and retain his records for the prescribed Chance 19 642.117 10.!01?<mX3) URL 2 0 5 5 0 ,,> - 19J0.10J7(mK3) . STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH .. period, these records shall be transmitted by registered mail to the Director, and each employee individually notified in writing of this transfer. (4) Employees or their designated represen tatives shall be provided access to examine and copy records of required monitoring and measuring. ' (5) Former employees shall be provided ac cess to examine and copy required monitoring and measuring records reflecting their own exposures. (6) Upon written request of any employee, a copy of the medical record of that employee ahall be furnished to any physician designated by the employee. (n) Reports. (1) Not later than 1 month after the estab lishment of a regulated area, the following in formation shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director. Any changes to such information hall be reported within 15 days. (I) The address and location of each estab lishment which has one or more regulated areas; and (li) The number of employees in each regu lated area during normal operations, includ ing maintenance. (3) Emergencies, and the facts obtainable at that time, shall be reported within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Director. Upon request of the Area Director, the employer shali submit ad ditional information in writing relevant to the nature and extent of employee exposures and measures taken to prevent future emergen cies of similar nature. (3) Within 10 working days following any I -monitoring and measuring which discloses / that any employee has been exposed, without / regard to the use of respirators, in excess of / the permissible exposure limit, each such | employee shall be notified in writing of the re- 1 suits of the exposure measurement and the 1 steps being taken to reduce the exposure to ^ within the permissible exposure limit. (39 F.R. 41648, December 8. 1974.1 (o) Effective dotes. (1) Until April 1, 1975, the provisions cur rently set forth in 5 1910.93q of this Part shall apply. (2) Effective April 1, 1975, the provisions set forth in { 1910.93q of this Part shall apply. (40 F.R. 18211, March 86, 1975.] APPENDIX A--SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INFORMATION When required testa under paragraph (k) (1) of this section show abnormalities, the teats should be repeated as soon as practicable, preferably within 8 to 4 weeks. If tests remain abnormal, consideration should be givon to withdrawal of the employee from contact with vinyl ehloride, while a more comprehensive examination Is made. Additional tests which may be useful: A. For kidney dysfunction: urine examination for al bumin, red blood cells, and exfoliative abnormal .celts. B. Pulmonary system: Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume at 1 second, and chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior, 14 x 17 inches). C. Additional serum tests: Lactic acid dehydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzyme, protein determina tion, and protein electrophoresis. D. For a more comprehensive examination on re peated abnormal serum testa: Hepatitis B antigen, and liver scanning. (89 F.R. 86889, October 4, 1974.) !919.)017<oK2> *42.118 Change 19