Document 6bdDMYVMj5gmdKaqeG98Lxr9R

Page 148 1 MONTANA TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, FERGUS COUNTY 2 3 MARTY PAULSON, WILLIAM J. ) HAUGEN, HARRY FELTON, RAY ) 4 ROBINSON AND WARD BURLEIGH, ) PRESIDENT; BURLEIGH ANGUS ) 5 RANCH, INC., INDIVIDUALLY ) AND FOR ALL PERSONS 6 SIMILARLY SITUATED, ) ) ) 7 PLAINTIFFS, ) ) CAUSE NO. DV-2004-55 8 vs . ) ) HON. KURT KRUEGER 9 MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ) N/K/A PHARMACIA, MONTANA ) 10 DEPARTMENT OF FISH, WILDLIFE ) AND PARKS, AND JOHN DOE PAINT) 11 COMPANIES AND DISTRIBUTORS I ) THROUGH X, 12 ) ) DEFENDANTS. ) 13 14 VIDEOTAPED DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE 15 TAKEN BY TORGER S. OAAS, ESQ. ON BEHALF OF THE PLAINTIFFS 16 JUNE 27, 2006 17 VOLUME II 18 19 REPORTED BY CHRISTOPHER C. WIEGERS CERTIFIED COURT REPORTER 20 VIDEOTAPED BY MARK DRYER CERTIFIED LEGAL VIDEO SPECIALIST 21 22 23 RANKIN REPORTING & LEGAL VIDEO, INC. 1015 LOCUST STREET, SUITE 911 24 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63101-1329 (314) 231-2202 25 (800) 285-2115 WATER PCB-SD0000017822 Page 149 Page 151 1 MONTANA TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, FERGUS COUNTS 1 2 3 MARTY PAULSON, WILLIAM J. ) 2 HAUGEN, HARRY FELTON, RAY ) 3 4 ROBINSON AND WARD BURLEIGH, ) PRESIDENT; BURLEIGH ANGUS ) 5 RANCH, INC, INDIVIDUALLY ) 4 5 AND FOR ALL PERSONS 6 SIMILARLY SITUATED, ) 7 PLAINTIFFS, ) ) ) 6 7 8 ) CAUSE NO. DV-2004-55 vs. ) ) HON. KURT KRUEGER 9 10 9 MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ) N/K/A PHARMACIA, MONTANA ) 10 DEPARTMENT OF FISH, WILDLIFE ) 11 12 AND PARKS, AND JOHN DOE PAINT) 13 11 COMPANIES AND DISTRIBUTORS I) THROUGH X, ) 12 ) DEFENDANTS. ) 13 14 14 15 16 17 15 VIDEOTAPED DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, 18 16 produced, sworn and examined on the 27th day of June, 17 2006, between the hours of eight o'clock in the 18 forenoon and six o'clock in the afternoon of that day 19 20 19 at the offices of Husch & Eppenberger, LLC, 190 20 Carondelet Plaza, Suite 600, in the City of St. Louis, 21 State of Missouri, before CHRISTOPHER C. WIEGERS, 21 22 22 Certified Court Reporter, in a certain cause now 23 23 pending in the Montana Tenth Judicial District Court, 24 Fergus County, in the above-captioned matter. 25 24 25 INDEX Examination by Mr. Oaas Examination by Mr. Brown Examination by Mr. Miller PAGE 6 144 171 EXHIBITS No. 31 -9/28/70 Letter From D.K. Mitchell 6 No. 32 - 4/17/70 Letter From R.E. Keller 6 No. 33 - 6/20/69 Letter From Mr. John 6 No. 34 - 6/10/69 Letter From Mr. Springgate 6 No. 35 - Analytical Chemistry Special Study 6 No. 36 - 7/28/70 Letter From Mr. Papageorge 6 No. 37 - 10/29/70 Letter From Dr. Kelly 6 No. 38 - 3/31/71 Letter From Mr. Papageorge 6 No. 39 - Mother's Milk Sample Plan 6 No. 40 - Monsanto Application Data Bulletin 6 No. 41 - Excerpt From 3/31/98 transcript 6 No. 42-7/17/70 Letter To H.S. Bergen 6 No. 43 - 3/21/69 Report By Mr. Metcalf 6 No. 44 - Table Study 6 No. 45 - July, August, September Quarterly Report 6 No. 46 - Minutes of Aroclor Ad Hoc Committee 6 1 APPEARANCES 2 ON BEHALF OF THE PLAINTIFFS: 3 LAW OFFICE OF TORGER S. OAAS 4 Torger S. Oaas, Esq. Post Office Box 76 5 Lewistown, Montana 59457 6 LAW OFFICE OF WILLIAM E. BERGER 7 William E. Berger, Esq. Post Office Box 506 8 Lewistown, Montana 59457 9 LAW OFFICE OF CRAIG R. BUEHLER 10 Craig R. Buehler, Esq. 505 West Main, Suite 210 11 Lewistown, Montana 59457 12 13 ON BEHALF OF THE DEFENDANTS: 14 HUSCH & EPPENBERGER, LLC Adam E. Miller, Esq. 15 190 Carondelet Plaza, Suite 600 St. Louis, Missouri 63105-3441 16 17 BROWNING, KALECZYC, BERRY & HOVEN, P.C. J. Daniel Hoven, Esq. 18 139 N. Last Chance Gulch P.O. Box 1697 19 Helena, Montana 59624 20 21 ON BEHALF OF DEFENDANT COLUMBIA PAINT: 22 GARLINGTON LOHN ROBINSON Stephen R. Brown, Esq. 23 199 West Pine Street P.O.Box 7909 24 Missoula, Montana 59807-7909 25 Page 150 Page 152 1 No. 47 - PCB Environmental Pollution Abatement Plan 6 2 No. 48 - The Death of Aroclor Document 6 3 No. 49 - 10/15/69 Report of Ad Hoc Committee 6 4 No. 50 - 12/22/75 Letter To Mr. Hanley 6 5 No. 51 - 11/28/66 Letter From Henry Strand 6 6 No. 52 - 1/12/67 Letter From D.V.N. Hardy 6 7 No. 53 - 7/31/68 Letter From Cumming Paton 6 8 No. 54 - 10/29/69 Statement From Monsanto Company 88 9 No. 55 - Aroclor Technical Bulletin, 12/60 88 10 No. 56 - 4/13/70 Analysis From Cumming Paton 88 11 No. 57 - 6/10/69 Letter From Mr. Springgate 88 12 No. 58 - Report From Coatings Service Laboratory 88 13 No. 59 - 4/4/68 Report From The Specialist 88 14 No. 60 - Aroclor Document 88 15 No. 61 - Protection with Parlon Document 88 16 No. 62 - 10/15/69 Document To Rodney Harris, Jr. 88 17 No. 63 - Article By Carl G. Gustafson 88 18 No. 64 - 4/28/70 Letter From John Mason 88 19 No. 65 - 6/30/70 Letter From John Mason 88 20 No. 65A - 7/29/71 Report From Willis S. Clark 88 21 No. 66 - Report of Meeting With Ministry of 88 22 Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 88 23 No. 67 - Presentation To Field Sales 88 24 No. 68 - 3/18/75 Letter From Mr. Papageorge 88 25 2 (Pages 149 to 152) WATER PCB-SD0000017823 Page 153 Page 155 1 (Deposition Exhibit Nos. 31 through 53 1 A. I do -- personally do not associate PCBs as 2 marked for identification. 2 an anti-fouling ingredient in paints. 3 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We are back on the 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Well, I'm talking about being 4 record, June 28, 2006 with tape no. 1. 4 used as a plasticiser -- 5 EXAMINATION 5 MR. MILLER: Same -- same objection. 6 BY MR. OAAS: 6 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) -- in an anti-fouling paint. 7 Q. Good morning, Mr. Papageorge. 7 A. Well, to me, the expression plasticiser is a 8 A. Good morning. 8 broad -- a broadly covered expression for these 9 Q. We're ready to start our second session this 9 materials, so they're plasticisers as a category, and 10 morning on June 28th at about 9:00. I just wanted to 10 the fact that they're PCBs - there are many, many 11 ask you a few preliminary matters first. You -- you 11 plasticisers including some PCBs -- 12 recognize that you're still under oath, the same oath 12 Q. All right. 13 that was administered yesterday? 13 A. -- so -- 14 A. I do. 14 Q. Well, what I'm trying to get at -- let me 15 Q. Okay. And again, you -- you feel that 15 ask the question this way, Mr. Papageorge. In -- in 16 you're mentally and physically ready to go for your 16 our case in Montana, it's alleged that the paint that 17 deposition this morning? 17 was painted on the concrete hatchery raceways of the 18 A. I think I am. 18 Big Springs Creek Trout Hatchery contained PCBs 19 Q. All right. Great. You know, I think I was 19 specific -- and it's alleged that those PCBs were 20 on Exhibit 30 when we finished our session yesterday. 20 Aroclor 1254 that would have been used as a plasticiser 21 Let's go back to that for just a -- a minute if we 21 in that paint. Now, with that background, the use of 22 could, please, sir. And I had directed your attention 22 that paint on concrete surfaces that contained PCBs as 23 to page 128 of that exhibit. Are you there? 23 a plasticiser, that would be considered a normal use 24 A. I have it. 24 for -- for -- for that kind of paint, correct? 25 Q. And I had read the second paragraph under 25 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Page 154 Page 156 1 the heading biological effects which referred to an 1 A. At what time? 2 incident of fish death at a Swedish hatchery? 2 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Oh, in the 1960s? 3 A. Yes, I remember that. 3 A. You said it would be a no -- no known use? 4 Q. Okay. What I wanted to ask you was do -- do 4 Q. A normal use. 5 you know what anti-fouling -- what is meant by the 5 A. There was no reason to believe at that time 6 phrase anti-fouling paint? 6 that PCBs in that paint would result in anything un -- 7 A. Well, I can give you my understanding of the 7 unappreciated or un ~ unusual. 8 expression anti-fouling. 8 Q. Well, that isn't my question, but I -- my 9 Q. That would be fine. 9 question is, would the use of that kind -- would the 10 A. Anti -- the expression anti-fouling to me 10 use of a paint that contained PCBs as a plasticiser be 11 implies that whatever is done prevents or reduces 11 considered a normal use as a coating on the concrete 12 fouling of anything, and by fouling, I mean 12 surfaces of the -- of the hatchery raceways? 13 degenerating it or lowering its value or ruining it. 13 MR. MILLER: Let -- let me object to the 14 So it's a -- it's an overall expression, anti-fouling 14 form. Normal use for a hatchery? 15 of -- 15 MR. OAAS: No. 16 Q. All right. 16 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Based upon the recommended 17 A. -- any -- any lessening of properties of 17 uses that we talked about in -- in these previous 18 any -- any material in any activity. 18 exhibits, is a -- remember we had a previous exhibit 19 Q. All right. Well, based upon your 19 that talked about the use of PCBs in paint for a 20 understanding of the normal uses for PCBs in paints, 20 protective or decorative coating on masonry surfaces in 21 would the use of a PCB as a plasticiser in anti-fouling 21 wall -- floors and walls? 22 paint be considered a normal use? 22 A. I remember that. 23 MR. MILLER: Let me object to the form. Are 23 Q. Okay. And -- and my question is -- I'm 24 you talking about in Sweden? 24 obviously not asking it very well -- is if the Montana 25 MR. OAAS: Anywhere. 25 Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks purchased a 3 (Pages 153 to 156) WATER PCB-SD0000017824 Page 157 Page 159 1 paint that contained PCBs as a plasticiser for use on 1 Operations in 1977. Was that for all of Monsanto's 2 their concrete hatchery raceways, wouldn't Monsanto 2 operations or was -- 3 consider that to be an appropriate use for that kind of 3 A. I -- I have to see that -- 4 paint? 4 Q. -- that specifically limited to PCBs again? 5 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 5 And I -- I'll give you a copy of Exhibit 1. You can 6 question. It precedes Mr. Papageorge's involvement in 6 use that if you want. 7 environmental control issues, but subject to that, you 7 A. In 77? 8 can answer, Bill. 8 Q. Right. 9 A. The use you just described in the '60s was 9 A. Are you talking about this Manager of 10 very normal. 10 Product Acceptability? 11 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. 11 Q. No. I was talking about your -- down in 12 A. It was not considered harmful. 12 1977 where it says Director of Environmental Operations 13 Q. I understand. 13 beginning in 1977. 14 A. There was no information to indicate it's 14 A. Well, at -- at that time that job covered a 15 harmful. 15 bigger part of Monsanto, and that part was called the 16 Q. All right. Now, I wanted to go back to your 16 Chemical Intermediates Company, and it covered 17 resume just for a minute and ask you about the 17 environmental issues of all kinds relating to the 18 transition period between your -- your position as 18 chemical manufacturing industry. 19 Plant Manager in Anniston and the time when you 19 Q. All right. Now, when you first became 20 switched over to be -- to then become Manager of 20 Manager of Environmental Control, other than what was 21 Environmental Control for Monsanto. I believe you 21 consistent with your duties of Plant -- Plant Manager 22 testified that that took place in early 1970? 22 at -- at Anniston, did you ever have any education or 23 A. Yes. 23 training with respect to environmental protection? 24 Q. Okay. Can you just -- just tell me about 24 MR. MILLER: Let me object to the form. 25 that -- how you be -- how you came to be moved from 25 When you say environmental protection, do you mean Page 158 Page 160 1 Plant Manager at Anniston to Manager for Environmental 1 waste handling, things of that nature? I'm not sure -- 2 Control? 2 MR. OAAS: Just in its broadest sense. 3 A. You're asking me to kind of speculate as to 3 A. My education really didn't -- when I was 4 what my bosses were thinking - 4 getting educated, the word environment was never in the 5 Q. Just from your point of view. 5 discussions, but the -- there were situations where the 6 A. - when they chose me. First of all, I 6 control of vapors and fumes and spills and -- whether 7 had -- I did have experience in the production of PCBs 7 by accident or on purpose, were discussed in my 8 and the shipment of PCBs to customers. I can only 8 training. 9 speculate that that boss -- the bosses felt that that 9 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) As the Plant Manager at 10 was almost a necessary requirement for the job that 10 Anniston? 11 they newly created for someone to follow that PCB issue 11 A. That's one of the positions. All -- all of 12 closely in every respect. 12 my positions involved control of material getting away 13 Q. So you would have been the first Manager for 13 from the operation. 14 Environmental Control for Monsanto? 14 Q. All right. Let's go on to Exhibit 31. 15 A. Yes. 15 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 16 Q. Okay. And -- and when I say for Monsanto, 16 Q. All right. Have you ever seen that document 17 you -- you were the -- your title was Manager of 17 before, sir? 18 Environmental Control, and that was for the entire 18 A. Yes. 19 company? 19 Q. Okay. And can you identify who D.K. 20 A. I was the only one with that title -- 20 Mitchell and B.T. Dean are? 21 Q. All right. 21 A. They were members of Monsanto's research 22 A. - but my subject was limited when I was 22 department involved with Dr. Scott Tucker in an -- in 23 assigned to PCB issues. 23 the analytical studies relating to PCBs. 24 Q. All right. Same question with respect to 24 Q. Okay. In my reading of this exhibit, I take 25 when you became the Director of Environmental 25 it that in the 1970s Monsanto was interested in 4 (Pages 157 to 160) WATER PCB-SD0000017825 Page 161 Page 163 1 compiling any reports across the United States that 1 Q. It says that they -- you had found -- 2 dealt with the finding of PCBs in the environment? 2 detected PCBs in the environmental materials in the 3 A. Well, you said across the United States. As 3 water and sediment from nine U.S. rivers, one UK river, 4 I recall this document and refresh my memory reading 4 and Lake Michigan, correct? 5 it, this involved a specific area ofthe country, not 5 A. Correct. 6 across the United States. 6 Q. In the air at the Anniston plant? 7 Q. What areas are we talking about? 7 A. Yes. 8 A. The area around Pensacola, Florida and the 8 Q. Fish from Lake Michigan and three Midwest 9 Gulf of Mexico. 9 rivers? 10 Q. All right. And my understanding of -- of 10 A. Correct. 11 the exhibit -- and I just -- what lawyers do is they 11 Q. Now, they -- would they be included in the 12 count. I counted up the 69 samples reported in this 12 nine U.S. rivers under the first bullet item or are we 13 exhibit of the finding of the presence of PCBs in fish, 13 up to 12 -- 12 U.S. rivers or do you know? 14 water, and sediment in those areas. 14 A. I don't know. 15 A. Yeah. 15 Q. All right. Human fat from a Midwest biopsy 16 Q. If my counting is correct, you would agree 16 specimen and -- and then the last item is milk from 17 with that? 17 Maryland and Ohio dairy farms? 18 A. Yes. 18 A. Yes. 19 Q. All right. Uet's go on to the next exhibit, 19 Q. Was that the first indication, at or around 20 32, please. 20 this date, April 17, 1970, that PCBs had been found in 21 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 21 milk produced on Maryland and Ohio dairy farms? 22 Q. Okay. And I -- I believe you would have 22 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 23 seen this exhibit before since it was a memo directed 23 question. Is that the first time on this date that he 24 to you? 24 had understanding? It was a nonsensical question, 25 A. Yes. 25 Torger. You may want to re-ask it. Page 162 Page 164 1 Q. The date of it is April 17, 1970, correct? 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Did you understand the 2 A. Correct. 2 question, sir? 3 Q. And I believe you identified R.E. Keller 3 A. I think I do. 4 yesterday, but let's do it -- do it again one more time 4 Q. Okay. Go ahead. 5 today. Would you -- 5 A. Yes, that is the first evidence of PCBs 6 A. Dr. Keller was a chemist in Monsanto's 6 present in milk. 7 research department located in St. Louis, and he 7 Q. Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 33 then. 8 supervised a group in the research department that was 8 please. 9 involved with analyzing for chemicals. 9 A. I have read the exhibit. 10 Q. Okay. And Dr. Keller appears to be 10 Q. Okay. Can you identify Edward V. John, 11 reporting to you a -- a summary of what Monsanto knew 11 please, who appears to author the exhibit? 12 as of the date of this memo regarding the detection of 12 A. I'm sorry? 13 PCBs in environmental materials? 13 Q. Can you identify Mr. John? 14 A. Well, when you use the expression what 14 A. Oh, Mr. John -- 15 Monsanto knew, I don't know that this covers everything 15 Q. Yeah. 16 Monsanto, with its employees, knew. 16 A. -- is an employee of Monsanto responsible 17 Q. Okay. 17 for public relations for the part of Monsanto called 18 A. It just covers the so -- reference to 167 18 the Organic Chemicals Division. 19 samples. 19 Q. And was the production of PCBs part of the 20 Q. Okay. Okay. In the first paragraph -- and 20 Organics Chemical Division? 21 maybe I mis -- used a poor choice of words and it -- it 21 A. Yes. 22 just says this note summarizes work we have done to 22 Q. Now, I want to just direct your attention to 23 date on the detection of PCBs in environmental 23 the next to the last paragraph of this exhibit. It 24 materials. That's all I was trying to get at. Okay? 24 says PCB is used in certain types of marine paints. 25 A. Yeah, I understand. 25 The water teachability of these paints is so low, 5 (Pages 161 to 164) WATER PCB-SD0000017826 Page 165 Page 167 1 however, that it seems incredible to us that this would 1 A. Martin is M.W. Farrar who is copied in on 2 explain the source of PCB in the amounts that have 2 this. 3 allegedly appeared in the water. Did I read that 3 Q. Okay. And he -- he would -- what was his 4 correctly? 4 job title with - 5 A. Yes, you did. 5 A. He was -- he was the head of the group that 6 Q. Would you agree with that statement? 6 did research for the plasticisers group. 7 A. Yes. 7 Q. All right. And apparently as of that date, 8 Q. Let's go on to Exhibit 34. 8 Monsanto knew how to calculate down to parts per 9 A. I have read the exhibit. 9 billion the amount of Aroclor in tap water? 10 Q. Okay. Have you ever seen this Exhibit 34 10 MR. MILLER: Let me object to the form -- 11 before today, sir? 11 form of the question. Calculate the solubility or to 12 A. It appears familiar to me, but -- 12 determine the level -- 13 Q. Okay. It appears to be dated in June of 13 MR. OAAS: Yeah, calculate the solubility of 14 1969? 14 Aroclor in tap water. 15 A. Yes. 15 MR. MILLER: All right. That's a different 16 Q. You've identified Mr. Springgate 16 question. 17 previously. Can you identify Mr. W.E. Schalk, 17 A. Well, the only reason I hesitate -- the new 18 S-h-a-l-k (sic)? 18 methods of analyses brought about by Jensen's work were 19 A. Mr. Schalk is the Marketing Director of the 19 not available in '69, so any studies in which they're 20 group referred to as Plasticiser Group which is headed 20 trying to develop a level of PCBs use the existing 21 by Mr. Springgate. 21 analytical methods of the day. 22 Q. All right. Now, this letter concerns the 22 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Well, somebody has 23 subject of -- appears to concern the subject of paint 23 handwritten down at the bottom of the letter Martin, 24 containing PCBs being used to coat the interior of 24 dated 6/23/69 the solubility of Aroclor in tap water 25 drinking water reservoirs. Would that be correct? 25 is -- and for Aroclor 1242, 200 parts per billion; Page 166 Page 168 1 A. That is correct. 1 Aroclor 1248, 100 parts per billion; and Aroclor 1254, 2 Q. Okay. And the third paragraph down reads 2 50 parts per billion. Is that -- am I reading that 3 one such use would be in paints for the interior of 3 correctly? 4 water towers where the water is primarily for human 4 A. Yes. 5 consumption. Howard Bergen was under the impression we 5 Q. Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 35 then, 6 were asked about this specific use several years ago 6 please. 7 and did approve it. Can you tell me who Howard Bergen 7 A. I have read the exhibit. 8 is? 8 Q. Thank you. Have you ever seen this exhibit 9 A. Howard Bergen - 9 before, sir? 10 Q. Bergen, excuse me. 10 A. I don't remember it specifically, but it's 11 A. - is the head of the part of Monsanto 11 typical of the kind of information I had access to. 12 referred to as the Functional Fluids Group, and at one 12 Q. Okay. Let's go to the second page just -- 13 time in the earlier days that group included the 13 just to start with. I'm trying to orient a -- a date 14 plasticisers that were PCB in origin, so it was 14 to this exhibit. Do you see down in the bottom of the 15 overlapping. Later on it was divided into -- 15 left-hand comer the heading Monsanto Company, Organic 16 Mr. Bergen kept the functional fluids, Mr. Springgate 16 Chemicals Division, Applied Sciences Section, 17 got the plasticisers. 17 St. Louis, Missouri. Do you see that -- do you see 18 Q. All right. And then down at the bottom of 18 that there? 19 the letter there's a -- kind of a footnote. It says 19 A. Yes. 20 Martin, colon, would you please have someone calculate 20 Q. And then - then the numbers 3-70 appear 21 the probable level of PCB in water from a water tower 21 below that? 22 painted with Aroclor formulation. Did I read that 22 A. Yes, I see that. 23 correctly? 23 Q. Would that be the date of this document, 24 A. Yes. 24 March of 1970? 25 Q. Do you know who Martin would be? 25 A. I would be guessing. I don't know. 6 (Pages 165 to 168) WATER PCB-SD0000017827 Page 169 Page 171 1 Q. Okay. Can you identify -- I believe we've 1 that they were able to find -- Dr. Keller's group was 2 identified E.S. Tucker, correct? 2 able to find measurable amounts of -- of Aroclor 1254, 3 A. Yes. 3 I think was the particular Aroclor involved in this 4 Q. Okay. Who is W.J. Litschgi? 4 exhibit, within two -- two weeks, correct? 5 A. He is another chemist that belonged to the 5 A. Yes. 6 group headed by Dr. Keller. 6 Q. Okay. And the -- and the results are 7 Q. Okay. And again, the Organic Chemicals 7 reported there on the first page of the exhibit, 8 Division referred to in this part ofthe exhibit is the 8 correct? 9 division that encompassed the production and sale of 9 A. Yes. 10 PCBs? 10 Q. All right. 11 A. At that time, yes. 11 A. And you mentioned two weeks. It -- it goes 12 Q. In -- in the 1970 time frame? 12 on to six weeks. 13 A. Yes. 13 Q. Okay. Now, if this--if this document 14 Q. Okay. Now, the head -- let's go back to the 14 was -- if this experiment was, in fact, done in the 15 front page of this document. It's titled Extraction of 15 first part of 1970, would it be your testimony that 16 Aroclor 1254 From Painted Surfaces By Water. 16 this would be new information to Monsanto? 17 A. I see that, yes. 17 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. There's no 18 Q. Okay. My understanding of this document 18 foundation. 19 as -- as a laymen is that -- is that an experiment was 19 A. Well, it would be new because apparently 20 conducted by Dr. Keller's group where they took paint 20 this procedure wasn't previously followed -- 21 that had PCBs in it, painted tin plates, put it in 21 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. 22 water for certain periods of time, and then measured 22 A. -- and they had the analytical techniques. 23 the water to see if there were PCBs in the water? 23 Q. Okay. And I take it as Manager of 24 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. It's 24 Environmental Control, which you would have been at 25 incomplete as to what steps were taken. 25 that time, you would have been interested in -- in the Page 170 Page 172 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Would that be -- would that 1 results of this kind of experiment? 2 be a rough characterization of the experiment? 2 A. Well, certainly. 3 A. That's what they're trying to describe here, 3 Q. All right. Let's go on to Exhibit 36, 4 yes. 4 please, sir. 5 Q. Okay. 5 A. I have read the exhibit. 6 MR. MILLER: They were also put in an oven. 6 Q. Okay. This -- this exhibit appears to be 7 There -- there wasn't a complete list of the steps. 7 a -- a letter written by you on or about July 28th of 8 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Was the -- I take it -- my 8 1970, correct? 9 understanding was they were just trying to see whether 9 A. Correct. 10 or not PCBs could be removed from the paints simply by 10 Q. Okay. Who is it directed to? 11 the action of the water? 11 A. It's an individual, William Herman, with the 12 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. That's 12 Koppers Company. 13 incomplete. Water at 50 degrees Celsius. 13 Q. Okay. And what do you know about Koppers 14 A. Well, it's -- it's a reaction of the water 14 Company - or what did you know about Koppers Company 15 on the mixture. 15 at that time? 16 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. 16 A. As best I remember, they're involved with 17 A. Not just the PCB itself. 17 the construction of silos for storing grain and so on. 18 Q. But the entire -- 18 Q. All right. Were they a PCB customer of 19 A. That whole mixture that's listed there 19 Monsanto in the 1970s? 20 starting with Parlon, then Aroclors. 20 A. Yes. 21 Q. Everything that was in the paint? 21 Q. Okay. Now, the first paragraph references 22 A. Correct. 22 apparently he had written to you requesting information 23 Q. Including the PCBs? 23 about the contribution of PCBs in paints to 24 A. Correct. 24 contamination of the environment? 25 Q. Okay. And the results of the exhibit were 25 A. Would you repeat that again? 7 (Pages 169 to 172) WATER PCB-SD0000017828 Page 173 Page 175 1 Q. Sure. It says in your letter dated July 17, 1 matter of PCBs moving into the feed. It's the -- the 2 1970, you requested additional information on the 2 paint flakes -- or the whole paint, whatever was in it, 3 contribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in paints to 3 was involved in this mixture with the feed -- 4 contamination of the environment? 4 Q. Okay. 5 A. Yes. 5 A. -- that the cattle ate, and the PCBs were 6 Q. Okay. And you were responding to that 6 detected in the milk produced by those cows. 7 inquiry? 7 Q. Okay. And I appreciate your clar -- 8 A. Yes. 8 clarifying that, but the point of my question was 9 Q. Okay. The next paragraph says in addition 9 those -- those reports were confirmed as being -- as 10 to the Ohio milk incident. Can you tell me what you 10 being accurate? 11 were referring to there, the Ohio milk incident? 11 MR. MILLER: Let me object to the form. 12 A. There was an incident reported that cattle 12 A. I don't know about confirming it. 13 fed grain from silos that were painted with a -- a 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Is that -- 14 paint that contained PCBs were producing milk which had 14 A. It was determined by Monsanto's laboratory 15 PCBs present. 15 after they received samples. 16 Q. Okay. Was there just one report or - or 16 Q. All right. Okay. And would the same be 17 were there more than one reports concerning that 17 true about the reports from Georgia and Florida? 18 nature? 18 A. As best I remember, yes. 19 A. Well, there were -- there were reports of 19 Q. Okay. All right. Now, in the third 20 many silos, so there would have been more than one 20 paragraph you go on to say Monsanto's action regarding 21 report. 21 the withdrawal of Aroclors from specific applications 22 Q. Okay. And that -- and I'm just referring to 22 was based on a number of incidents, all of which 23 the letter. That would have been in Ohio as well as in 23 indicated that any application which could not be 24 Georgia and Florida? 24 controlled would eventually create a problem. Okay. 25 A. Yes. At that time. 25 Is that correct? Page 174 Page 176 1 Q. And the reports from Georgia and Florida 1 A. Yes. 2 were similar to what you just described as the report 2 Q. And that's something that you as Manager of 3 about the Ohio milk incident? 3 Environmental Control believe to be true as of the date 4 A. Correct. 4 you wrote the letter, correct? 5 Q. And then you went on to say that you had 5 A. Yes. 6 reports about oysters off the east coast of Georgia 6 Q. Okay. Regarding the milk -- the Ohio milk 7 containing PCBs? 7 incident reports, do you know how it came to be 8 A. Yes. 8 determined that the -- the paint was suspected as being 9 Q. Okay. Do you recall at this time where 9 the source of the PCBs? 10 those reports came from? 10 A. I don't remember what triggered that -- that 11 A. I have a hard time recalling specifically. 11 interest. 12 Q. All right. This -- that paragraph goes on 12 Q. All right. Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 13 to say we suspect the source to be paint formulators 13 37. 14 along the Savannah River. Do you see that? 14 A. I have read the exhibit. 15 A. Ido. 15 Q. Okay. And again -- again, it appears to be 16 Q. Was that ever confirmed -- that suspicion 16 authored -- authored by Dr. Kelly who you've identified 17 ever confirmed? 17 as being Head of the Medical Department, correct? 18 A. Not to my knowledge. 18 A. Correct. 19 Q. All right. How about the Ohio milk incident 19 Q. And again, it's written -- it's written to 20 report? Was that -- was it ever confirmed that the 20 an individual who appears to be employed at the 21 coating on the inside of silage storage bins that 21 Kettering Laboratory who we've talked about before, 22 contained PCBs passed the PCBs from the paint to the 22 correct? 23 silage to the cows to the milk? 23 A. Correct. 24 A. The report, as I understood it, was that the 24 Q. Okay. And Dr. Kelly is -- states at the 25 paint pealed off and was scraped off, so it wasn't a 25 beginning of the letter dear Mitch, I find no record 8 (Pages 173 to 176) WATER PCB-SD0000017829 Page 177 Page 179 1 that we have advised Aroclor for use in silo paints. I 1 tell me what the subject is -- of this was about? 2 certainly hope we have not; however, I know it is in 2 A. Well, it's of course related to paints used 3 there, and certainly when it was put in there, nobody 3 in meat packing plants. 4 had any idea it would get out into the silage and 4 Q. Okay. Here's -- here's some of the 5 proceed from there to the cow to the milk. At the time 5 questions I have about the letter. In March of 1971, 6 that statement was -- was made on October 29th of 1970, 6 hadn't Monsanto ceased producing PCBs for use as 7 would you have agreed with that statement made by 7 plasticisers? 8 Dr. Kelly? 8 A. Yes. 9 A. Yes. 9 Q. Okay. Do you know how it could be then that 10 Q. Okay. And I want to go down to the bottom 10 in March of 1971 the government appeared to be 11 of the letter. It says B - BC -- this was -- you were 11 approving a formulation for paint in meat production 12 giving a blind copy of this letter, I take it? 12 facilities that contained PCBs? 13 A. Yes. 13 A. I do not. 14 Q. It says BCC: W.B. Papageorge, dash, Bill 14 Q. Okay. Apparently, you had that information? 15 have we ever taken any positive steps to be sure people 15 MR. MILLER: What information? 16 aren't still painting silos with paint that has Aroclor 16 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) The information that the 17 as a component. Do you see that? 17 government had approved a for -- a paint formulation 18 A. Yes. 18 containing PCBs for use in -- in meat processing 19 Q. Okay. My question to you is, as Manager of 19 facilities? 20 Environmental Control -- which I believe you -- you 20 MR. MILLER: Ob -- object to the form. The 21 were at that time, correct? 21 document only refers to what was reported to him by a 22 A. Yes. 22 third party, not the government directly. 23 Q. For Monsanto, correct? 23 MR. OAAS: Okay. 24 A. Correct. 24 A. I -- I'm confused by the question. 25 Q. -- did you personally ever -- ever author 25 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. How did you get the -- Page 178 Page 180 1 any letters to any dairy farmer in either Ohio or 1 let me just ask you this. Do you recall how you got 2 Georgia and Florida passing along any information about 2 the information that the government had approved a 3 the existence of PCBs in silo paint? 3 paint formulation that apparently contained PCBs for 4 A. I personally, no. 4 use in a meat processing plant? 5 Q. Okay. Did you ever authorize anybody to do 5 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. It 6 it on your behalf? 6 presumes the government made that approval. 7 A. Authorize on my behalf? 7 A. All I remember -- and this refreshed my 8 Q. Right. 8 memory - is that I talked to somebody at Sherman 9 A. No. 9 Williams who relayed that information to me. I have no 10 Q. Let's go on to the next exhibit, 38. 10 way of recalling at this time how accurate that was and 11 A. I have read the exhibit. 11 how informed the individual was. 12 Q. Okay. This appears to be a letter authored 12 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. As Manager of 13 by you on March 31, 1971, correct? 13 Environmental Control, do you recall doing any follow- 14 A. Correct. 14 up investigation concerning that information to see 15 Q. This would be in your capacity as Manager of 15 whether or not the government was actually recommending 16 Environmental Control for Monsanto, correct? 16 paints containing PCBs for use in meat processing 17 A. Correct. 17 plants? 18 Q. And it's addressed to a D.W. Miller. Who is 18 A. I don't recall what specifics followed this, 19 he? 19 but - 20 A. Yes. 20 Q. Okay. Okay. The next to the last paragraph 21 Q. Who is he? 21 says I -- I recognize that this does not directly 22 A. Oh, he was a member of the marketing team 22 relate to the Ohio silo cases, but it is the first 23 involved with the sale of materials which we called 23 example we have of a federal agency approving a coating 24 plasticisers. 24 containing Aroclor 1254 for use near food intended for 25 Q. Okay. In your own words, could you just 25 human consumption. Perhaps Jacob Hess can use this 9 (Pages 177 to 180) WATER PCB-SD0000017830 Page 181 Page 183 1 information. Did I read that correctly? 1 Q. Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 40. 2 A. Yes, you did. 2 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 3 Q. Can you identify Jacob Hess for me, please? 3 Q. All right. And it appears to be a Monsanto 4 A. He was a member of the marketing team, a 4 publication, correct? 5 salesman out in the -- in the field -- 5 A. Correct. 6 Q. Okay. 6 Q. Okay. It's entitled The Aroclors, Physical 7 A. -- contacting customers. 7 Properties and Suggested Applications, correct? 8 Q. Okay. Let me ask you this question. As 8 A. Correct. 9 Manager of Environmental Control for Monsanto, did 9 Q. And then there -- there's reference to an 10 you - did you think it would have been proper for the 10 application data bulletin number P-115. What does that 11 government to be approving of a paint formulation 11 reference refer to? 12 containing PCBs for use in meat processing plants where 12 A. That's the -- that's the number assigned to 13 the meat was going to be used for human consumption. 13 this particular bulletin. 14 A. Well, since I supported the discontinuance 14 Q. All right. And I -- I included this exhibit 15 of selling PCBs for coatings, I don't think I would 15 in here because I wanted to ask you some questions 16 support any agency approving it. 16 about the physical properties of PCBs, and that's -- 17 Q. Okay. All right. 17 that information would be contained in -- in this 18 A. It just wouldn't fit into our knowledge, 18 particular exhibit, correct? 19 experience, and intent. 19 A. Yes. 20 Q. All right. 20 Q. All right. Let's just -- let's just go to 21 MR. MILLER: And the fact that the product 21 page 7. 22 wasn't on the market. 22 MR. MILLER: Just -- just for the record, 23 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Then it says in the last 23 this is dated June 1945. 24 paragraph it appears to me that the possibility of a 24 MR. OAAS: All right. 25 PCB problem arising in meat processing plants is 25 A. Yeah. Page 182 Page 184 1 present. Do you recall if you did anything about that 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) So this one would have been 2 particular possibility as the Manager for Environmental 2 published on or after that date, June 1945? 3 Control for Monsanto? 3 A. Correct. 4 A. I don't recall any specific activity. 4 Q. All right. Okay. And let's go to page -- 5 Q. All right. 5 if you turn to page 7. 6 A. That doesn't mean it didn't take place. 6 MR. MILLER: Numbered page 7? 7 Q. I understand that. Let's go on to Exhibit 7 MR. OAAS: Num -- yeah, page 7. 8 39. 8 MR. MILLER: Thanks. 9 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 9 A. Page 7, you say? 10 Q. All right. Mr. Papageorge, at any time 10 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Correct. And do you see the 11 between 1970, when you first became the Manager of 11 heading there stability on the right-hand side of that 12 Environmental Control, until the end of your tenure as 12 page? 13 Director of Environmental Operations for Monsanto which 13 A. Correct. 14 I believe ended in 1985, did you ever become aware that 14 Q. Okay. Those -- those are the properties 15 PCBs were be -- being detected in mother's milk? 15 that I'm -- I want to talk about under that heading. 16 A. Yes, I was aware of that. 16 and the first sub-heading indicates that the PC -- PCBs 17 Q. All right. Have you ever seen Exhibit 39 17 are stable toward alkalies, correct? 18 before? 18 A. Correct. 19 A. It looks familiar, but it's typical of the 19 Q. And so -- and that paragraph goes on to say 20 kinds of information that would come to my attention. 20 the Aroclors are remarkably resistant to the action of 21 Q. Okay. Can you -- can you just tell me in 21 either hydrol -- hydrolyzing agents or high 22 general terms what you knew about the existence of PCBs 22 temperature. They are not affected by boiling with 23 in mother's milk during that same time frame between 23 sodium hydroxide solution. Did I read that correctly? 24 1970 and 1985? 24 A. That is correct. 25 A. All I knew is that it was being detected. 25 Q. Okay. And Monsanto marketed PCBs and -- and 10 (Pages 181 to 184) WATER PCB-SD0000017831 Page 185 Page 187 1 promoted the marketing of PCBs because of their 1 whether the type of PCB is mentioned here. 2 stability as referenced in that paragraph, correct -- 2 Q. All right. 3 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 3 A. I don't recall any reference to the specific 4 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) -- among other reasons? 4 type. 5 A. Yeah, that's one of the reasons -- 5 Q. All right. But assuming that Aroclor 1254 6 Q. Sure. 6 was being found in mother's milk, then we're talking 7 A. -- they -- 7 about the same type of PCB, correct? 8 Q. Yeah. 8 A. If you assume that, yeah. 9 A. -- marketed the material. 9 Q. All right. 10 Q. Okay. So the PCBs that were being detected 10 A. The 1254 - 11 in mother's milk as evidenced by the previous exhibit, 11 Q. Okay. 12 39, would be the same PCBs that would not be affected 12 A. -- applies. 13 by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution, correct? 13 Q. I'm not -- I'm not a chemist and I don't 14 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 14 have a degree in chemical engineering, but what would 15 A. That is correct, yeah. 15 happen to my finger if I soaked it in a concentrated 16 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. And then the -- the 16 sulfuric acid bath for 255 hours? 17 next sub-heading is -- indicates -- talks about their 17 A. You would damage that finger quite a bit. 18 stability towards acids? 18 It's like putting your finger in your car battery 19 A. I see that. 19 acid. 20 Q. Okay. If you just read through that 20 Q. All right. 21 paragraph, sir. 21 A. It's the same acid. 22 A. I have read the paragraph. 22 Q. Okay. And then let's go on to page 8. The 23 Q. Okay. And correct me if I'm wrong, but 23 next sub-heading is toward heat? 24 doesn't that indicate that Aroclor 1254 is basically 24 A. I'm sorry? 25 unaffected after being treated with sulfuric acid for 25 Q. Do you see that on page 8? Let's go to page Page 186 Page 188 1 the length of time described in that paragraph? 1 8 of Exhibit 40. 2 A. And the concentration. 2 A. Page 8. 3 Q. At the concentration. 3 Q. Exhibit 40. The next sub-heading under -- 4 A. 10 percent -- 4 A. Oh, toward heat? 5 Q. Right 5 Q. Yeah, toward heat. 6 A. -- sulfuric acid, yes. 6 A. Okay. 7 Q. Okay. And then going four lines up from the 7 Q. That indicates that Aroclors are 8 bottom of that paragraph, doesn't it read even 8 non-flammable up to 670 degrees Fahrenheit? 9 prolonged treatment, 255 hours, with concentrated 9 A. That's true. 10 sulfuric acid indicated only a slight trace, 10 Q. Okay. And then the next sub-heading is 11 parentheses, too small for quantity of measurement of 11 toward oxidation. Do you see that? 12 hydrogen chlorate in the acid layer? 12 A. Yes. 13 A. It does say that, yes. 13 Q. And that paragraph reads when Aroclor is 14 Q. And that would mean even at concentrated 14 subjected to a bomb test at 140 degrees Centigrade with 15 levels, treatment of PCBs by sulfuric acid basically 15 250 pounds per square inch of oxygen, there is no 16 didn't affect the PCBs, correct? 16 evidence of oxidation as judged by development of 17 A. Correct. 17 acidity of formation of sludge. Did I read that 18 Q. Okay. And that would be the same PCBs that 18 correctly? 19 were being found in the -- in the mother's milk in the 19 A. Yes. 20 previous exhibit, correct? 20 Q. What does that mean to a laymen? 21 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 21 A. It's not flammable. 22 A. Well, previous exhibit -- I don't know if 22 Q. All right. Isn't it true that PCBs -- 23 it -- 23 essentially one of the -- the characteristics of a PCB 24 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Exhibit 39. 24 was that it was indestructible? 25 A. I understand that. I'm looking to see 25 MR. MILLER: Let -- let me object to the 11 (Pages 185 to 188) WATER PCB-SD0000017832 Page 189 Page 191 1 form. Are you talking about what was known and 1 hand corner which would - would - which would be page 2 knowable in 1945 when this publication was issued 2 117 of the deposition, I want to direct your attention 3 or after - 3 down to line 14 where there was a question propounded 4 MR. OAAS: I'm talking about whatever 4 to you that begins with okay, by January 1971. Are 5 Mr. Papageorge knows about PCBs. 5 you - are you following me now? 6 A. Well, when you use the expression was not 6 A. Yes. 7 destructible - 7 Q. Okay. If I read that correctly, it says 8 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Indestructible? 8 okay, by January of - by January 1971, you had 9 A. Was not indestructible? 9 concluded that high levels of PCBs would continue to 10 Q. The question was, isn't it hue that PCBs 10 exist in the plant waste streams because of the PCBs 11 were virtually indestructible? 11 trapped in the soil and the - and the sewer system, 12 A. If - if virtually means for all practical 12 correct? 13 purposes, the answer is yes. 13 And your answer was that is correct. 14 Q. All right. 14 Next question. Okay. What did you mean 15 MR. OAAS: Is that a good place to stop? 15 when you said that high levels will continue because of 16 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We're off the record at 16 the PCBs trapped in the soil, and if you go ahead and 17 10:00 a.m. ending tape no. 1. 17 read your answer to that question, Mr. Papageorge. If 18 (A short break was taken.) 18 you would read that out loud for the record, please? 19 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We are back on the record 19 A. What I had in mind was the fact that PCBs 20 at 10:18 a.m. with - starting tape no. 2. 20 tenaciously hang on to soil particles like little 21 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Mr. Papageorge, we just 21 magnets, and since they aren't destructible in the 22 completed about an hour of testimony. Are you ready to 22 environment, they will be there forever such that at -- 23 continue? 23 such that any time a water flow occurs in this soil, 24 A. Yes. 24 the chances of that soil with its PCB being transported 25 MR. OAAS: And just for the record, that 25 will remain. And later, if a sample of that Page 190 Page 192 1 break took about 20 minutes, Adam, and I don't want to 1 contaminated water is taken, sure enough PCBs will be 2 raise a big fuss about it, but -- 2 found in it. 3 MR. MILLER: I'm sorry about that. I was 3 Q. Okay. And if I asked you that same question 4 that - 4 today in 2006 rather than in 1998, would you give the 5 MR. OAAS: - I'm going to ask that we can - 5 same answer? 6 if it's okay with Mr. Papageorge, if we can limit the 6 A. Yes. 7 next few breaks to about five minutes so we - I still 7 Q. All right. Let's go on to Exhibit 42, 8 have quite a bit of material to get through. 8 please. Would you take a minute and look at that 9 MR. MILLER: No, I -- I apologize. I was 9 exhibit, please? 10 talking with a colleague about The Daily Show, and 10 A. I have read the exhibit. 11 that - that's the source of my news, so - 11 Q. All right. This exhibit appears to be at 12 MR. OAAS: All right. 12 least part of a letter that you prepared and sent to a 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. If we can go to 13 gentleman by the name of H.S. Bergen, B-e-r-g-e-n, in 14 Exhibit 41. 14 July of 1970, correct? 15 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 15 A. Yes. 16 Q. Okay. And sir, apparently you gave a 16 Q. And there's a reference to a Monsanto-USA 17 deposition in a case in Alabama entitled Mars Hill 17 studies, something called river die-away studies. Do 18 Missionary Baptist Church versus Monsanto Company. Do 18 you see that on the front page? 19 you recall giving a deposition in that case on or about 19 A. I do. 20 March 31, 1998? 20 Q. What - what were those? 21 A. Yes. 21 A. They were studies made of samples looking 22 Q. Okay. And I--1 just want to direct your 22 for the presence of some of Monsanto's Aroclor 23 attention to the second page of this exhibit. 23 products. 24 A. The second page. 24 Q. And where were you looking? 25 Q. And I - in the first box up on the left- 25 A. Why were - 12 (Pages 189 to 192) WATER PCB-SD0000017833 Page 193 Page 195 1 Q. Where? 1 your attention to the first page of this exhibit. The 2 A. I forget the -- the exact rivers. It's 2 first sentence reads from the background data 3 nearby river streams near the plant. 3 presented, it appears that something of the order of 80 4 Q. Near - near the Anniston plant? 4 million pounds of polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB, are 5 A. Correct. 5 produced annually. Do you see that? 6 Q. All right. Am I correct in assuming that 6 A. I do. 7 the purpose of this study would be able to see if any 7 Q. Would you agree or disagree with that 8 of the Aroclors biodegraded in water? 8 statement? 9 A. Yes. 9 A. I hesitate because I don't know if he's 10 Q. Okay. And the conclusion was, at least 10 referring to the -- the world production or the U.S. 11 according to the co -- conclusion that you reported 11 production. 12 here, was that Aroclor 1221 disappears, but Aroclor 12 Q. Okay. All right. Let's go down to about 13 1242, 1248 and 1254 were un-degraded. Do you see where 13 the middle of the exhibit on the first page. There's a 14 I was reading that? 14 sentence that begins however, about 40 million pounds. 15 A. Oh, the first sentence? 15 If you could just find that -- that sentence. 16 Q. First -- 16 A. I found it. 17 A. Uh-huh. That's true. 17 Q. It reads however, about 40 million pounds 18 Q. Okay. 18 annually is stated to be used as plasticisers, 19 A. You read it right. 19 hydraulic fluid, adhesives, and in carbon paper. From 20 Q. Okay. Were those findings ever contradicted 20 this amount a very substantial percentage must escape 21 by later studies, that you know of? 21 into the environment as wastes. Because of the 22 MR. MILLER: If you remember. 22 apparent high stability of PCB, amounts entering the 23 A. I don't recall any contradicting studies. 23 environment would be degraded very slowly and it seems 24 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 24 possible that at least 10 million pounds annually may 25 43. 25 become environmental contaminants. Would you agree or Page 194 Page 196 1 MR. MILLER: Torger, before you ask a 1 disagree with that statement? 2 question, is this complete? 2 A. Well, the only hesitation I have is that -- 3 MR. OAAS: As far as I know. As far as I 3 the reference to 10 million pounds is this speaker's 4 know. 4 estimate. I have no way of knowing how accurate that 5 A. I have read the exhibit. 5 is. 6 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Have you ever seen 6 Q. Okay. Let's go down to the last sentence on 7 Exhibit 43 before? 7 the first page. It reads because of the apparent 8 A. It appears familiar -- 8 stability of these compounds, most of this amount may 9 Q. All right. 9 still be circulating in the global ecosystem, and this 10 A. -- yes. 10 is suggested by the levels reported by Holmes, et al., 11 Q. It indicates that it's a report and comment 11 paren, 1967, close paren, and Risebrough, et al., 12 by a gentleman by the name of Robert Metcalf of 12 paren, 1968, in animal tissues which were quite 13 Industrial Biotest Labs dated March 21, 1969, correct? 13 comparable to those found for DDT. Would you agree or 14 A. I'm trying to remember where Bob Metcalf -- 14 disagree with that statement? 15 I guess he -- I have to believe he was with Industrial 15 A. Well, the -- the use of words may still be 16 Biotest, yes. 16 and suggested by the statement -- I can support it, but 17 Q. Okay. Did you attend the presen -- this 17 it's iffy. 18 particular presentation? 18 Q. All right. Let's go to the second page of 19 A. In 1969, no. 19 the exhibit -- 20 Q. Okay. Was this -- to your knowledge, was 20 A. Uh-huh. 21 this presentation made to other employees of Monsanto? 21 Q. -- and direct your attention to the bottom 22 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, calls for 22 ex -- bottom of the second page under the heading 23 speculation since he wasn't present. 23 conclusions and suggestions. 24 A. I don't know. 24 A. I see it. 25 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. I want to direct 25 Q. It reads it seems to the writer that the 13 (Pages 193 to 196) WATER PCB-SD0000017834 Page 197 Page 199 1 evidence regarding PCB effects on environmental quality 1 A. Well, I can't speak for the author of this 2 is efficiently substantial, widespread, and alarming to 2 report, but -- 3 require immediate corrective action on the part of 3 Q. All right. Okay. Let's go to page -- it's 4 Monsanto. Did I read that correctly? 4 actually the fourth page from the front, but it's 5 A. You did. 5 marked -- it has the number 2 at the top, and it's MONS 6 Q. Okay. Would you agree or disagree with that 6 number at the bottom 036717. 7 statement? 7 A. I have it. 8 A. I agree with the sufficiently substantial, 8 Q. Okay. The second paragraph reads during the 9 yes. 9 summer, we have received reports of PCBs in milk in 10 Q. All right. And that statement was made 10 Georgia and Maryland in fish and water of Lake Michigan 11 in -- in March of 1969. If we go to the next exhibit, 11 and fish and oysters in the Gulf of Mexico. Did I read 12 Exhibit 44, which for the record is a duplicate of 12 that correctly? 13 Exhibit 3,1 believe. Exhibit 44 would indicate 13 A. Yes. 14 that -- that in 1969, if these figures are accurate, 14 Q. And would -- would that sentence be typical 15 that Monsanto produced for domestic sales 67 - a 15 of the kind of reports that Monsanto was receiving 16 little more than 67 million pounds of PCBs, correct? 16 about the presence of PCBs in the environment during 17 A. That's what this indicates, yes. 17 the years 1969 and 1970? 18 Q. And in 1970, the year following 18 A. Yes. 19 Mr. Metcalfs report, Monsanto produced 73 -- over 73 19 Q. And then it goes -- and then - then 20 million pounds of PCBs for domestic -- in the domestic 20 directing your attention to the next to last paragraph 21 sales category, correct? 21 of the same page. It reads other sources of 22 A. Correct. 22 contamination, parentheses, in milk, etc., close paren, 23 Q. And at least in the time frame between 1963 23 have not been pinpointed, but it appears likely that 24 and 1970, the years 1969 and 1970 appear to be the 24 some of our customers' products will be responsible. 25 highest -- years that represent the highest volume of 25 For example, our research effort, stimulated by a Page 198 Page 200 1 domestic sales for PCBs during that time frame, 1 report that a dish washing compound was found to 2 correct? 2 contain PCBs by a federal government laboratory in 3 A. Correct. 3 Michigan, revealed that four out of five electric dish 4 Q. All right. Let's go on to Exhibit 45. 4 washing compounds purchased in a supermarket in 5 A. I have scanned the article. 5 St. Louis contained up to five parts per billion of 6 Q. All right. Before we get to it, 6 Aroclor. Did I read that correctly? 7 Mr. Papageorge, I wanted to as -- to ask you if you 7 A. Yes, you did. 8 knew what the cost of a pound of Aroclor 1254 average 8 Q. Okay. Would it -- would tho -- would -- the 9 grade was to a Monsanto customer in 1969 and 1970? 9 reference to a dish washing compound, would that be 10 A. I do not. 10 considered a household product -- 11 Q. In reference to Exhibit 45, this appears to 11 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. It calls 12 be a quarterly report by the Medical Department of 12 for speculation as to -- 13 Monsanto? 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) -- if you know? 14 A. It is. 14 MR. MILLER: -- who was using it. 15 Q. For the months July, August, September of 15 A. I don't know if it's limited to household or 16 '69? 16 total. 17 A. Yes. 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. We can go to the 18 Q. The front page indicates it contains 18 next page. Directing your attention to the paragraph 19 confidential information? 19 above pollution control, starting with the words the 20 A. It does. 20 Organic Division. Do you see that? 21 Q. And then the last sentence on the front page 21 A. I see that. 22 says please destroy this report when you are finished 22 Q. It reads the Organic Division -- and again, 23 with it? 23 that's the division that produced PCBs? 24 A. It does. 24 A. Correct. 25 Q. Do you know why that would be there? 25 Q. Okay -- which produces this series of very 14 (Pages 197 to 200) WATER PCB-SD0000017835 Page 201 Page 203 1 profitable products -- would you agree that PCBs were 1 read that correctly? 2 very profitable products in 1969-1970? 2 A. Correct. Yes. 3 A. Yes. 3 Q. And 3, protect the image -- protect image of 4 Q. Okay. The Organic Division which produces 4 Organic Division and of the corporation. Did I read 5 this series of very profitable products has a concerted 5 that correctly? 6 effort underway to protect continued sales and uses. 6 A. Yes. 7 Did I read that correctly? 7 Q. I -- I didn't see anywhere under this 8 A. Yes. 8 heading or anywhere in this document where any of 9 Q. All right. Let's go on to the next exhibit, 9 the -- where any of the objectives of the Ad Hoc 10 46? 10 Committee at that time were protection of the 11 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 11 environment? 12 Q. Thank you. It references the -- on the 12 A. It is not specifically stated, no. 13 first page minutes of the Aroclor, quote, Ad Hoc 13 Q. All right. Then down under the same page, 14 Committee First Meeting. Do you see that, sir? 14 background discussion of problem on the -- on the first 15 A. I do. 15 page of that exhibit under paragraph no. 2; again, you 16 Q. I believe you were still the Plant Manager 16 receive -- again, the committee is indicating that 17 in Anniston in September of 1969, but would it -- would 17 Monsanto has received reports of PCBs being found in 18 it be accurate to say that you became familiar with the 18 fish, oysters, shrimp, and birds, correct? 19 work of the Aroclor Ad Hoc Committee after you became 19 A. That's correct. 20 the Manager of Environmental Control for Monsanto in 20 Q. And then -- and then in B, they state it's 21 1970? 21 being found along coastlines of industrial -- 22 A. I was aware of the existence when I was 22 industrialized areas such as Great Britain, Sweden, 23 Plant Manager -- 23 Rhine River, low countries, Lake Michigan, Pensacola 24 Q. I understand that. 24 Bay, in western wildlife, parentheses, eagles, close 25 A. - but I didn't know all of the details of 25 parentheses. It may be a global contaminant. Do you Page 202 Page 204 1 what they were discussing. 1 see that? 2 Q. Okay. Would it be true to say that after 2 A. Yes, I do. 3 you became Manager of Environmental Control, you became 3 Q. Would you agree with that statement that by 4 more familiar with the work of the Aroclor Ad Hoc 4 September of 1969, Monsanto was beginning to realize 5 Committee? 5 that the PCB problem was a global situation? 6 A. Yes. 6 A. Yes. 7 Q. Okay. Can you tell me what -- what the 7 Q. And then if you go to page 3 of that 8 Aroclor Ad Hoc Committee was and what its purpose was? 8 exhibit -- and by the way, I think it's self-evident, 9 A. As I understood it, this group was asked to 9 but I'm going to ask the question. At the time that 10 form this Ad Hoc Committee to help the management 10 statement was made, it may be a global contaminant, 11 within Monsanto understand the total situation as best 11 being made in September of 1969 -- in September of 12 as they could describe it to determine what actions 12 1969, Monsanto was still producing and selling PCBs at 13 should be taken and how quickly such action should be 13 full capacity, correct? 14 taken. 14 A. Yes. 15 Q. Okay. On Exhibit 46, on the first page 15 Q. All right. Go to page 3. Under Roman 16 there's a heading objectives. Do you see that? 16 numeral 8, heading environmental contamination by 17 A. I do. 17 customers. Do you see that paragraph down the second 18 Q. And in parentheses, agreed to by the 18 half of the -- 19 committee. It goes on to say submit recommendations 19 A. Roman numeral? 20 for action which will, 1, permit continued sales and 20 MR. MILLER: No, it's - 21 profits of Aroclors and Terphenyls. Did I read that 21 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Excuse me. I mean no. 8, 22 correctly? 22 paragraph no. 8. I misspoke, and I apologize. Do you 23 A. Yes. 23 see the heading environmental contamination by 24 Q. No. 2, under the objective heading -- 2, 24 customers? 25 permit continued development of uses and sales. Did I 25 A. I see it. 15 (Pages 201 to 204) WATER PCB-SD0000017836 Page 205 Page 207 1 Q. Okay. It goes on to say our in-plant 1 Q. Okay. And at the time they were still 2 problems are very small versus problems of dealing with 2 producing PCBs at -- at maximum capacity, correct? 3 environmental contamination by customers. Would you 3 A. Correct. 4 agree with that statement? 4 Q. And then under Roman num -- Roman numeral 5 A. Yes. 5 IV, just under that, the heading nature of the problem, 6 Q. Okay. It goes on to say in one application 6 there's a reference to Professors Widmark and Jensen, 7 alone, parentheses, highway paints, close parentheses, 7 correct? 8 one million pounds per year are used. Through abrasion 8 A. Correct. 9 and leaching, we can assume that nearly all of this 9 Q. And I just want to direct your attention to 10 Aroclor winds up in the environment. Would you agree 10 the last paraphrase on the last part of - the last 11 with that statement? 11 part of the sentence under that heading where it says 12 A. Yes. 12 truly the PCBs are a worldwide ecological problem. Do 13 Q. And I take it again that in 19 -- September 13 you see that? 14 of 1969, Monsanto was producing and selling Aroclors 14 MR. MILLER: Let me object to the form. 15 for use in highway marking paints? 15 That -- that's not the complete sentence. 16 A. Yes. 16 MR. OAAS: Well, I'll read the whole 17 Q. Let's go on to Exhibit 47. 17 sentence. 18 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 18 MR. MILLER: Thank you. 19 Q. Thank you, Mr. Papageorge. It's entitled 19 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) In February 1969, Professor 20 PCB environmental pollution abatement plan, and I -- I 20 Risebrough of the University of California published an 21 really couldn't find a specific date concerning the 21 article in the San Francisco Chronicle relaying his 22 origin of this document, but I -- I'm going to ask you 22 findings of PCB in the environment of the United 23 if you know whether or not this document would have -- 23 States. Monsanto confirmed the presence of PCBs in mid 24 would have been produced in the years 1969 or 1970? 24 1969 and confirmed the adequacy of the work by Widmark 25 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, calls for 25 and Jensen and others; truly the PCBs are a worldwide Page 206 Page 208 1 speculation, but if -- if you know when it was 1 ecological problem. Did I read that correctly? 2 produced, Mr. Papageorge, you can respond. 2 A. Yes. 3 A. 6 - 1969. 3 Q. Would you agree with the statement that 4 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) 1969? 4 truly, comma, PCBs are a worldwide ecological problem? 5 A. Yes. 5 A. Yes. 6 Q. All right. 6 Q. That's something that Monsanto recognized in 7 A. October 15th. 7 1969? 8 Q. All right. Let's go to page 3 of the 8 A. The Ad Hoc Committee recognized it, but I 9 exhibit. Now, there's a Roman numeral III paragraph 9 cannot speak for Monsanto as a total entity. I don't 10 titled Extensiveness, correct -- 10 know -- 11 A. I see that, yes. 11 Q. All right. 12 Q. -- about the middle of the page. This 12 A. - how far they communicated yet. 13 report indicates the problem involves the entire United 13 Q. All right. Fair enough. Let's go on to 14 States, Canada, and sections of Europe, especially the 14 page 4. 15 United Kingdom and Sweden. As the investigation 15 A. I have it. 16 broadens, other areas of Europe, Asia, and Latin 16 Q. I'm going to start with the -- the sentence 17 America will surely become involved. Evidence of 17 just above paragraph 1, fish. The seriousness of the 18 contamination have been shown in some of the -- in some 18 problem can best be spelled out as following, paragraph 19 of the very remote parts of the world. Did -- did I 19 1, fish. Marine or aquatic species concentrate PCB in 20 read that correctly? 20 the fatty tissue. Toxic in small quantities, 21 A. Yes. 21 parentheses, down to five parts per million to 22 Q. Would you agree with that statement? 22 sensitive marine life such as shrimp. Did I read that 23 A. Yes. 23 correctly? 24 Q. Monsanto had that information in 1969? 24 A. Yes. 25 A. Yes. 25 Q. And I notice that fish is the first -- the 16 (Pages 205 to 208) WATER PCB-SD0000017837 Page 209 Page 211 1 first species mentioned under the -- following the 1 labels carry this information. Would that be a correct 2 sentence the seriousness of the problem can best be 2 statement at that time? 3 spelled out as follow, correct? 3 A. At that time, yes. 4 A. Yes. 4 Q. Then down to paragraph B, pub -- public 5 Q. By this time, did Monsanto understand the 5 image. I want to go to the second -- first sentence in 6 concept of bio -- biomagnification or bioaccumulation 6 the second paragraph. It reads the evidence proving 7 with PCBs in fish? 7 the persistence of these compounds in their universal 8 MR. MILLER: Are you talking about in 8 presence as residues in the environment is beyond 9 October 1969? 9 questioning. Do you see -- do you see that sentence? 10 MR. OAAS: Right. 10 A. I do. 11 A. You're talking about the general term 11 Q. And would you agree that at least the Ad Hoc 12 biomagnification or PCB biomagnification? 12 Committee of that part of Monsanto believed that to be 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) I'm talking about the term 13 true? 14 biomagnification or bioaccumulation of PCBs in fish. 14 A. Yes. 15 MR. MILLER: And Mr. Papageorge is here in 15 Q. Okay. And that would be -- again, been in 16 his individual capacity. You're asking him what 16 October of 1969? 17 Monsanto knew or understood? 17 A. Correct. 18 MR. OAAS: Right. 18 Q. Okay. And at a time, again, when Monsanto 19 MR. MILLER: So just what you knew or 19 was in full production capacity with respect to PCBs, 20 understood, Mr. Papageorge, is what the question 20 correct? 21 relates to. 21 A. Correct. 22 A. What did I know in '69? 22 Q. Let's go to the next page, 6. I want to 23 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Uh-huh. 23 draw your attention to Roman numeral no. VII, the 24 A. I was aware of discussions on the subject -- 24 heading involvement with other producers. Do you see 25 Q. Okay. 25 where I'm reading from, sir? Page 210 Page 212 1 A. -- but I have no -- I had no idea at all how 1 A. Yes. 2 accurate they were or how significant they were. 2 Q. It says although Monsanto is most probably 3 Q. What -- what are we talking about when we 3 responsible for the U.S. contamination and jointly 4 refer to -- we refer to biomagnification of PCBs in 4 responsible with MCL - and I take it MCL means 5 fish? Can you just describe what that means? 5 Monsanto in Great Britain, correct? 6 A. Biomagnification? 6 A. Correct. 7 Q. Sure. 7 Q. -- for the United Kingdom problem, we cannot 8 A. To me, the word biomagnification means that 8 accept responsibility for the world. Did I read that 9 biologically in this creature, the amount of this 9 correctly? 10 material continues to increase as long as that creature 10 A. Yes. 11 is exposed to that particular environment. 11 Q. Okay. To your knowledge, at any time when 12 Q. All right. Okay. Thank you. Let's go to 12 you were the Manager of Environmental Control up to the 13 page 5 ofthis exhibit. I want to draw your attention 13 period of time that your position as Director of 14 to paragraph A entitled Legal Liability. Do you see 14 Environmental Operations ended in 1985 - to your 15 that? 15 knowledge, did Monsanto ever re -- accept any 16 A. I see it, yes. 16 responsibility for any U.S. contamination by PCBs? 17 Q. It reads direct lawsuits are possible. The 17 MR. MILLER: Hold on. 18 material -- the materials are already present in nature 18 Let me object to the form of the question. 19 having done their, quote, alleged damage, end quote. 19 When you use the word responsibility, that may call for 20 All customers using these products have not been 20 a legal conclusion, and aside from that, I think this 21 officially notified about known effects nor do our 21 paragraph merely refers to Monsanto being a number 22 labels carry this information. Would that -- and -- 22 of -- one of a number of producers; and therefore, what 23 and just referring to that sentence -- and I'll read it 23 this is referring to is the attribution to Monsanto of 24 again. All customers using these products have not 24 PCBs in the environment, not in terms of responsibility 25 been officially notified about known effects nor do our 25 as you're using the term. 17 (Pages 209 to 212) WATER PCB-SD0000017838 Page 213 Page 215 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Did you understand my 1 2 question, Mr. Papageorge? 2 3 A. Would you mind repeating it? 3 4 Q. No, I don't mind a bit. This paragraph 7 4 5 reads although Monsanto is most probably responsible -- 5 6 MR. OAAS: And I'll stipulate you can have 6 7 the same objection after I finish the question. 7 8 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Although Monsanto is most 8 9 probably responsible for the U.S. contamination and 9 10 jointly responsible with MCL for the United Kingdom 10 11 problem, we cannot accept responsibility for the 11 12 world. Did I read that correctly? That's my first 12 13 question. 13 14 A. You did. 14 15 Q. Okay. Then I want to know at any point in 15 16 time between 1970, when you became the Manager of 16 17 Environmental Control for Monsanto, through 1985, when 17 18 your -- when your tenure as Director of Environmental 18 19 Operations ceased, did Monsanto ever accept 19 20 responsibility for any U.S. contamination by PCBs? 20 21 MR. MILLER: Same objection. Object -- 21 22 object to the form. 22 23 A. Did Monsanto accept any responsibility? 23 24 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Right? 24 25 A. Yes. Some of it, yeah. 25 different types of action, the do nothing, the discontinue, and responsible approach, and this individual presented his views by drawing these handmade sketches of lines to show increase and decrease. Q. Do you know who that individual was? A. I understand it was Bill Richards. Q. Okay. And it appears to me that he was comparing what would happen to profits and liability over time depending on which course of action was chosen by Monsanto with respect to PCBs? A. Correct. Q. All right. And do you know what position Mr. Richards held with Monsanto at the time? A. He was the Director of Research for the Functional Fluids Group. Q. Okay. Let's go to Exhibit 48. A. I have read this -- Q. Okay. A. -- exhibit. Q. Have you ever seen Exhibit 48 before? A. I don't recall this specific one, no. Q. Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 49. MR. OAAS: And just for the record, I'll advise counsel that as far as this exhibit goes, my Page 214 Page 216 1 Q. In what respect? 1 questions relate to the first five pages of the exhibit 2 MR. MILLER: Same objections. Calls for a 2 and the last page of the exhibit. 3 legal conclusion, and the term responsibility is 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) You can certainly take as 4 undefined. It may call for a legal conclusion. 4 much time to review the exhibit if you want, 5 A. The identity chemically of the material 5 Mr. Papageorge, but for the record I'll be referring to 6 resembling what Monsanto produced, its source may or 6 the first five pages and the summary at the end. 7 may not have been Monsanto. 7 A. You suggested that you're going to discuss 8 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. I didn't mean to 8 the first five pages? 9 interrupt you. Did you finish your answer? 9 Q. Yeah. My questions pertain just to the 10 A. Yeah. 10 first five pages and the -- and the summary at the 11 Q. All right. Could you turn to page -- it 11 end. 12 doesn't have a number, but it -- I'm referring to this 12 A. And the summary. I have read the first five 13 number here, Mr. Papageorge, MONS035390. I'm just 13 pages and the -- and the summary - 14 going to show you what it looks like. 14 Q. Thank you. 15 MR. MILLER: Yeah, I think he's there. 15 A. - and scanned the rest of it. 16 A. Yeah. 16 Q. All right. And if -- if you feel you need 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Have you ever -- go ahead and 17 to refer to any part of the exhibit to -- to answer a 18 take a look at this page for yourself. 18 question, you go right ahead and do it. All right? 19 A. I have looked it over. 19 A. Thank you. 20 Q. Have you ever seen this before? 20 Q. The first page indicates that this is a -- a 21 A. Yes, I have. 21 Monsanto document entitled Company Confidential 22 Q. Do you know what it is? 22 Attomey/Client Privilege. That's at the top of the 23 A. My understanding, this was drawn up by one 23 document, correct?? 24 of the members of the Ad Hoc Committee as to his 24 A. Yeah -- yes, it does. 25 impression of what would happen under these three 25 Q. And the date appears to be Oct -- the date 18 (Pages 213 to 216) WATER PCB-SD0000017839 Page 217 Page 219 1 of the creation of this document was October 15, 1969? 1 A. I have it. 2 A. Yes. 2 Q. And it appears to contain a summary of 3 Q. And again, we're referring to the Aroclor, 3 toxicity considerations that are being reported by the 4 quote, Ad Hoc, end quote, Committee, correct? 4 Ad Hoc Committee? 5 A. Correct. 5 A. Yes. 6 Q. All right. Now, if you go to the first page 6 Q. Okay. Under sub-A, it says the PCBs are, 7 of the exhibit, which is really the third page. I'm 7 quote, moderately, end quote, toxic to man. Would you 8 just referring to the no. 1 at the bottom. That's the 8 agree with that statement? 9 page I'm - I'm going to, and I'll call it the first 9 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Lack of 10 page. Do you see it there? 10 foundation. 11 A. I have it. 11 A. The word moderately in quotes is subject to 12 Q. Okay. And just directing your attention to 12 all sorts of definitions, so I don't know if I - if I 13 the bottom of page 1 of this exhibit. It reads in the 13 can agree to it or not unless I see a more specific 14 last six months, PCBs have been reported in, A, milk in 14 wording. 15 Georgia; B, waters of Lake Michigan; C, fish in 15 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go to sub-B. 16 Connecticut; D, seafood along the Gulf Coast, 16 That reads although only, quote, moderately, end quote, 17 parentheses, toxic-fatal to shrimp at Pensacola, close 17 or, quote, slightly, end quote, toxic to adult birds 18 parentheses. Again, those -- my same question. Those 18 and fish on the basis of acute exposure, the, quote, 19 would be the type of reports that Mon - Monsanto was 19 safe long-term, end quote, or, quote, chronic dose, end 20 continuing to receive in the 1969-1970 time frame? 20 quote, is less than 100 parts per million insofar as 21 A. Yes. 21 reproduction is concerned. Do you agree with that 22 Q. And then going on to the next page, page 2, 22 statement? 23 under the heading 1, evidence of problem, continued. 23 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, lack of 24 It says - reports that PCBs are being found in 24 foundation. He's got no expertise. 25 electric dish washing compounds, milk in Maryland, Bald 25 A. There again - Page 218 Page 220 1 Eagles from the Midwest, and H, mother's milk, 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Let me -- let me rephrase 2 parentheses, rumor-not confirmed, in Denver. Do you 2 that question. As -- as the Manager of Environmental 3 see that? 3 Control for Monsanto between 1973 and 1977, would you 4 A. Ido. 4 agree with that statement? 5 Q. Again, those would be the kind of reports 5 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Same -- 6 that Monsanto was continuing to receive during that 6 same objections. 7 same time frame, 1969-1970? 7 A. Again, when I became involved, I had to get 8 A. Yes. 8 better definitions of what was meant by moderately and 9 Q. Okay. And then under the -- the -- no. 1, 9 slightly, so the statement is a little bit too broad to 10 after the next heading, which reads after 10 make a concerted opinion about the seriousness of the 11 investigation, dash, not complete in all cases, dash, 11 situation. 12 the committee has concluded -- and no. 1 there reads 12 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. And if I asked 13 that the identification of PCBs as contaminants of the 13 you the same question with reference to the time frame 14 environment is certain. Did I read that correctly? 14 that you were Director of Environmental Operations, 15 A. Correct. 15 would your answer be the same? 16 Q. Okay. And would you haveagreed with that 16 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. It still 17 statement at that time ? 17 implies he has expertise in aquatic or human toxicology 18 MR. MILLER: I'm -- I'm sorry. Can you 18 to either agree or disagree with those statements as 19 repeat the question? 19 opposed to them just being taken as face value as being 20 MR. OAAS: Yeah 20 reported. 21 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Would you -- do you agree 21 A. Well, I find that I'm not totally in 22 with that statement? 22 agreement with the statement. 23 A. Yes. 23 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go to page 23, 24 Q. Okay. Let's go on to the-- page 5 under 24 the summary. My question, sir, is as Manager of 25 the heading tox -- tox -- toxicological aspects. 25 Environmental Control for Monsanto, would you agree 19 (Pages 217 to 220) WATER PCB-SD0000017840 Page 221 Page 223 1 with the four conclusions drawn there in the -- in the 1 on Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chicago, leading 2 summary on page 23 of this exhibit? 2 experts clearly documented the fact that PCBs are 3 A. I do. 3 pervasive in the environment, are causing disruption, 4 MR. MILLER: Object -- just show an 4 and economic -- economic harm to commercial fishing in 5 objection to the form. I know he responded before I 5 many areas, and are creating a serious potential health 6 objected. 6 hazard to the public. While certain voluntarily 7 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Would -- would you agree 7 measures have been initiated in the past, the 8 that -- would you agree with those conclusions as the 8 widespread and persistent occurrence of PCBs 9 Director of Environmental Operations for Monsanto? 9 underscores the failure of existing practices to 10 A. Yes. 10 adequately control the escape of PCBs into the 11 Q. Okay. 11 environment. Did I read that correctly? 12 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Take a break? 12 A. Yes. 13 MR. OAAS: Yeah. 13 Q. I just want to direct your attention to the 14 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We're off the record at 14 last sentence of that paragraph that starts with while 15 11:14 a.m. ending tape no. 2. 15 certain voluntary measures have been initiated in the 16 (A short break was taken.) 16 past. Do you see that part of that sentence, 17 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We're back on the record 17 Mr. Papageorge? 18 at 11:18 a.m. starting tape no. 3. 18 A. I do. 19 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Thank you, Mr. Papageorge. 19 Q. Would it be -- would it be fair to say 20 We've gone about halfway through our morning session. 20 that -- what -- let me ask you this question. What's 21 Are you ready to continue? 21 your understanding of what Mr. Train is referring to 22 A. Yes. 22 there? 23 Q. All right. I think the next exhibit that we 23 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. It calls 24 want to look at was Exhibit 50. Do you have that 24 for speculation. 25 exhibit in front of you? 25 If you can speak on -- Page 222 Page 224 1 A. Yes, Ido. 1 A. I interpreted that as reflecting Mr. Train's 2 Q. Have you had a chance to look through that 2 understanding of what Monsanto and its customers and 3 exhibit? 3 eventual users were doing. That's the voluntary 4 A. Yes. 4 measures he referred to -- 5 Q. Have you ever seen this exhibit before? 5 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. 6 A. Yes. 6 A. -- and he's also im -- implying that the 7 Q. It appears to me to be a letter from the 7 widespread and persistent occurrence of PCBs 8 Director of the US EPA to the -- to a Mr. Hanley. It 8 underscores the failure of the practices. That's his 9 was from -- to -- who was an employee at Monsanto at 9 impression of the situation at that time. 10 the time? 10 Q. Would you agree or disagree with it as the 11 A. Yes. 11 Director of Environmental Operations for Monsanto? 12 Q. And what was Mr. Hanley's capacity as of the 12 A. At that time, I felt that he was overly 13 date of this letter, which was December 22, 1975? 13 cautious. 14 A. He was the President of Monsanto Chemical 14 Q. All right. I meant to ask you a question 15 Company. 15 before. I believe in -- in response to a previous 16 Q. Okay. So this is a letter from the Head of 16 question you indicated that in the 1960 time frame that 17 the EPA to the President of Monsanto, correct? 17 there were a lot of other plasticisers around on the 18 A. Correct. 18 market besides PCBs? 19 Q. Okay. And I just want to direct your 19 A. Yes. 20 attention to the first paragraph of the letter. It 20 Q. Okay. What did you mean by that? 21 reads for at least five years the federal government 21 A. Well, there are many, many chemicals that 22 and the manufacturing industry have been aware that 22 serve the function of plasticising when they're used. 23 Polychlorinated Biphenyls, parentheses, PCBs, close 23 I'm familiar with some of them, not all of them. For 24 parentheses, pose a threat to human health in the 24 example, thallate esters is a group of chemicals. When 25 environment. Last month at EPA's national conference 25 they're added to the basic plastic material, that 20 (Pages 221 to 224) WATER PCB-SD0000017841 Page 225 Page 227 1 plastic material becomes flexible. It doesn't break 1 MR. OAAS: Okay. 2 when you try to flex it, and that's what the principle 2 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Have you seen Exhibit 51 3 contribution of a plasticiser does. It gives 3 before, Mr. Papageorge? 4 flexibility. 4 A. I recall seeing it, yes. 5 Q. Can you give me any idea of how many non-PCB 5 Q. Okay. Do you recall the first time that you 6 plasticisers were available on the market in the 1960s? 6 would have seen it? 7 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. He just 7 A. Early 1970. 8 said he didn't know all of them, so -- 8 Q. All right. And that would have been in your 9 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Do you have any idea? 9 position as Manager of Environmental Control for 10 A. Do I have an idea? 10 Monsanto? 11 MR. MILLER: Calls for speculation. 11 A. Yes. 12 A. I can give you -- 12 Q. Okay. And again, we talked about Dr. Jensen 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Tell me the ones that you 13 yesterday, but he was significant in the PCB story 14 know about. 14 for - for what reasons? Would you go ahead and -- and 15 A. The thallates, the -- I -- I mention those 15 just - 16 because I helped manufacture some of them. Golly. 16 A. He was significant for what reasons? 17 It -- they escape me now. There must be 50 or so -- 17 Q. Yeah. For what reasons? 18 Q. Okay. 18 A. Well, he's the individual that in his 19 A. - chemicals that fit that. 19 laboratory work involving DDT found material that was 20 Q. Did -- was Monsanto manufacturing and 20 interfering with his analysis of DDT and eventually was 21 producing a non-PCB plasticiser in the 1960 time frame? 21 able to initially identify it as a chlorinated 22 A. Well, I'm certain of the thallate esters. 22 biphenyl. 23 MR. MILLER: Are you talking about 1960? 23 Q. Okay. And Exhibit 51 appears to be a letter 24 MR. OAAS: 1960s. 24 from a law firm in Sweden to -- and the address on the 25 MR. MILLER: That's a different question. 25 first page is Monsanto Europe, Brussels 3, Belgium. Do Page 226 Page 228 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) The time frame I was 1 you -- do you see that? 2 referring to in the last question was in the 1960s. 2 A. Yes. 3 Was Monsanto producing a non-PCB plasticiser during 3 MR. MILLER: Well, let me just object to the 4 that time frame? 4 characterizations to the -- the -- whether or not it's 5 A. Yes. 5 a law firm. I don't -- I don't know whether that's the 6 Q. All right. Let's go to Exhibit 51. 6 case. 7 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 7 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Well, it's not important 8 MR. OAAS: And just for the record, I want 8 anyway, but do you -- it was sent to Monsanto -- it 9 to point out to counsel that this exhibit contains 9 appears to be sent to Monsanto Europe, Brussels 3, 10 three non-sequential MONS numbers. The first one being 10 Belgium, correct? 11 MONS090078, MONS090521, and MONS090080. The reason 11 A. Correct. 12 being that we pie -- I pieced this exhibit together. 12 Q. What is Monsanto Europe? 13 and I believe it's complete and accurate from the 13 A. It was an entity describing Monsanto's 14 portions of exhibits that we obtained from the law firm 14 activities which included the manufacturing units in 15 in Greensboro when we went there. One of the first 15 Great Britain and all of the marketing activities in 16 pages had the date blocked off on the front, and -- and 16 the rest of Europe. 17 one exhibit only had two pages, but -- 17 Q. Okay. Do you recall who at -- who the head 18 MR. MILLER: That's fine. 18 of Monsanto Europe was in 1966? 19 MR. OAAS: -- I'm just pointing that out to 19 A. No, I don't. 20 you. 20 Q. Okay. In reference to the exhibit -- and 21 MR. MILLER: And -- and you got it from 21 I -- I'm just directing your attention to what appears 22 Dr. Madson, so -- 22 to be a reproduction of Jensen's work that appeared in 23 MR. OAAS: Right. 23 a Swedish newspaper, and I'm starting -- and I'll start 24 MR. MILLER: -- who has had it for years, so 24 with the paragraph it is found in salmon and pike. Do 25 I don't see a problem. 25 you see where I'm referring -- on the first page. 21 (Pages 225 to 228) WATER PCB-SD0000017842 Page 229 Page 231 1 Mr. Papageorge. 1 seen Exhibit 52 before, Mr. Papageorge? 2 A. Oh, all right. 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. It reads it is found in salmon and in pike. 3 Q. Okay. Do you recall when that would have 4 It is found in sea eagle living on fish. It is found 4 been? 5 on the surface of the needles of the fur trees that 5 A. Early 1970. 6 is -- that is in the air. It is found in the hair of a 6 Q. Okay. It appears to be a letter from D.V.N. 7 five month baby. This is information you received in 7 Hardy who I think we previously identified as -- as 8 1970 concerning Dr. Jensen's work? 8 being with Monsanto Great Britain, and he was writing 9 MR. MILLER: You personally. 9 to somebody else -- a D.V.N. Hardy in -- in -- in 10 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) You as -- you as the Manager 10 London, also, correct? 11 of Environmental Control for Monsanto? 11 A. Correct. 12 A. Oh. In -- yes. 12 Q. And a copy of this letter was sent to 13 Q. Okay. And it goes on to say the scientists 13 Dr. Emmett Kelly in St. Louis, it indicates, correct? 14 working with biocides have for as long -- for a long 14 A. Correct. 15 time seen this something as unknown peaks on their gas 15 Q. Okay. And Mr. Hardy states in -- in the 16 chromatographs and at a meeting at the Wemmer-Gren 16 letter on the third paragraph I discussed with 17 Center, Research Assistant Soren Jensen of the 17 Richardson the soundness of Jensen's claims and was 18 Institute for ana -- analytical chemistry at the 18 assured that his work and findings are sound. Jensen 19 Stockholm University could reveal the identity of these 19 is on the staff of the Institute of Analytical 20 peeks. It has been found that they consist of a group 20 Chemistry, University of Stockholm. And -- and this 21 of poisons, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, parentheses, for 21 is -- this is the information you would have received 22 short PCB which are closely related to and equally 22 in 1970, correct? 23 poisonous as DDT. Again, that was information you 23 A. Yes. 24 received as Manager of Environmental Control for 24 Q. And it --it also indicates that Monsanto 25 Monsanto in -- in 1970, correct? 25 Great Britain was familiar -- familiar with the report Page 230 Page 232 1 A. Correct. 1 that Dr. Jensen had made in 1966, correct? 2 Q. Okay. And I -- and I'm not going to go 2 A. Yes. 3 through the entire report, but again, it contains 3 Q. All right. Let's go to Exhibit 53. 4 excerpts like -- let's go to the middle of page 2, the 4 MR. MILLER: Yeah, that's what I'm thinking. 5 fourth paragraph down where Jensen reports, quote, PCB 5 A. I have read the article. 6 is found in water and in air and not only in the 6 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) The first page of Exhibit 7 Swedish air, but also in e.g. London air. Mr. Jensen 7 53 -- again, the date of the exhibit would be in July 8 has not yet been in London for sampling, but could 8 of 1968, correct, on the first -- first page of Exhibit 9 identify the poison by studying a gas chromatogram of 9 53? 10 air published in a British technical journal. And he 10 MR. MILLER: He's referring to that up at 11 goes on to say Mr. Jensen has also examined the hair of 11 the top. 12 his family and himself and has found PCB in all 12 A. Oh. Yes. 13 samples. Most PCB was found in the hair of his wife, 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. It appears to be 14 but most sensational was that the girl, age five 14 authored by a man named Cumming -- Cumming Paton, 15 months, had more PCB in her hair than her brothers and 15 C-u-m-m-i-n-g P-a-t-o-n? 16 sisters of three and six years. Probably the girl had 16 A. Yes. 17 got the poison via the mother's milk. Again, that was 17 Q. Can you identify who he is, please? 18 information you got from Mr. Jensen's work when you 18 A. He's a Monsanto employee that was at the 19 were the Manager of Environmental Control in 1970? 19 home office of Monsanto and related to technical 20 A. Correct. Correct. 20 support for a line of products which included the PCBs. 21 Q. All right. Now, let's go on to Exhibit 52. 21 Q. All right. And attached to his letter of 22 MR. MILLER: Do you have 52? 22 July 31, 1968 appears to be a publication in a -- a 23 MR. OAAS: Yes. 23 publication called the New Scientist, the title of the 24 A. I have read the exhibit. 24 report of a new chemical hazard referring to Soren 25 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Have you -- have you 25 Jensen's work discovering PCBs in the environment in 22 (Pages 229 to 232) WATER PCB-SD0000017843 Page 233 Page 235 1 1966, correct? 1 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We're continuing back on 2 A. Correct. 2 the record at 12:02 p.m. starting tape no. 4. 3 Q. This -- going back to the first page of 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Thank you, Mr. Papageorge. 4 Exhibit 53. The second paragraph of Mr. Paton's letter 4 We're going to go for another hour. Are you -- are you 5 reads their article of PCB is the most opinionated we 5 ready to go? 6 have seen so far on Aroclor toxicity, and I am sure 6 A. I am ready. 7 their omission of the word Aroclor has prevented even 7 Q. Okay. I'm going to hand you another set of 8 greater repercussions. Their theory on how PCB finds 8 documents that we're going to go through in this last 9 it -- its way into fish, quote, and later humans, end 9 hour. You can set aside all of the other exhibits that 10 quote, is an all embracing one. I only hope Rachel 10 we've previously used. 11 Carson never subscribed to the New Scientist and 11 MR. MILLER: This starts with 54? 12 that -- and that Ralph Nader doesn't decide to. Did I 12 MR. OAAS: Right. 13 read that correctly? 13 MR. MILLER: Okay. 14 A. Yes. 14 (Deposition Exhibit Nos. 54 through 68 15 Q. Okay. Apparently, Mr. Paton didn't think 15 marked for identification.) 16 much of Mr. Jen -- Mr. Jensen's work on PCBs, did he? 16 MR. OAAS: If you want to just get those out 17 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 17 of your way, Mr. Papageorge, so you have some more to 18 question. 18 operate back there, we'll -- we'll accommodate you. 19 A. It doesn't seem that way. 19 Thank you, Chris. 20 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Yeah. As -- as Manager of 20 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Mr. Papageorge, I'm going to 21 Environmental Control for Monsanto, were you familiar 21 have you look at Exhibit 54 to start with and ask you 22 with Rachel Carson's work -- work with respect to DDT? 22 to look through that exhibit, please. 23 A. Yes. 23 A. I have read the article. 24 MR. OAAS: Okay. Do you want to take a 24 Q. Have you ever seen Exhibit 54 before -- 25 break now or keep going? 25 A. It - Page 234 Page 236 1 MR. MILLER: No, that's fine. It's about 1 Q. -- Mr. Papageorge? 2 quarter to 12:00. Do you want to take a -- an hour or 2 A. -- it appears familiar, yes. 3 45 minutes? How long do you think you have before 3 Q. On the first page of that exhibit ifs 4 you're finished? 4 titled Statement From: Monsanto Company, St. Louis, 5 MR. OAAS: Well, I'm -- it looks like I'm 5 Missouri. By the way, I think we should establish for 6 going to take all the way to 1:00. 6 the head -- for the record at least some point in this 7 MR. MILLER: Well, even -- Steve's got 7 deposition that Monsanto's headquarters in the United 8 questions. I've got questions. 8 States is located in St. Louis? 9 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We're off the record at 9 A. Correct. 10 11:41. 10 Q. All right. And the date -- date of this 11 (A short break was taken.) 11 exhibit is October 29, 1969. Do you see that up in the 12 MR. HOVEN: We've agreed that Torger is 12 upper right-hand comer? 13 going to continue with his questions until he's 13 A. I do. 14 completed, which is at 1:00, and then Steve's going to 14 Q. It -- it appears me -- and correct me if I'm 15 follow up with some questions, and then we've agreed to 15 wrong. This appears to be a statement created by 16 find a date in the near future to resume this 16 Monsanto for public dissemination? 17 deposition to allow Monsanto to redirect. Agreeable? 17 A. Yes. 18 MR. OAAS: Yes. 18 Q. Would -- would it be fair to call this a 19 MR. MILLER: We're talking about a matter of 19 press release? 20 weeks. 20 A. Yes, that's appropriate. 21 MR. OAAS: That's agreeable. 21 Q. Was it given to newspapers by Monsanto -- 22 MR. MILLER: Mr. Hoven is leaving the 22 MR. MILLER: To your knowledge. 23 deposition for the remainder of the afternoon, and 23 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) -- for publication -- well, 24 plaintiffs have no objection to our continuing the 24 let me -- let me ask -- let me ask you this question. 25 deposition in his absence. 25 Who did Monsanto give this exhibit to for public 23 (Pages 233 to 236) WATER PCB-SD0000017844 Page 237 Page 239 1 dissemination? 1 with that statement? 2 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Calls for 2 A. Yes. 3 speculation, but if you know. 3 Q. All right. Let's go to Exhibit 55 then, 4 A. I don't know the specifics, but it's -- this 4 please. Now, that's a great big thick exhibit, and I'm 5 type of information handled by Monsanto's public 5 going to tell you, in the interest of saving time, that 6 relations department was distributed to not only 6 my only questions are going to refer to page 36 of 7 newspapers, but journals, magazines, radio stations, 7 that -- well, the front page of the exhibit as well as 8 TVs, and so on. 8 page 36. 9 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. Anybody who 9 A. The front page -- 10 wanted to know about - had a question about PCBs and 10 Q. The front page -- 11 called up Monsanto might have gotten a copy of this 11 A. -- being this one? 12 statement? 12 Q. -- being the page that the exhibit sticker 13 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, calls for 13 is on. 14 speculation as to the date he may have received it, but 14 A. And then -- 15 to the extent you know. 15 Q. Page 36. 16 A. When you say might have, yes. 16 A. I think I have page 36. 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. Let's go to page 17 Q. The heading is Miscellaneous Applications of 18 2 of the -- 2 of the exhibit. The third paragraph from 18 Aroclors? 19 the top reads, quote, the common uses of commercial PCB 19 A. Yes. 20 would not normally lead to its release into the natural 20 Q. All right. 21 environment. Do you see that sentence, Mr. Papageorge? 21 A. I have read page 36. 22 A. Yes. 22 Q. All right. And if -- if you need to refer 23 Q. As the Manager of Environmental Control for 23 to any other part of this exhibit to answer a question, 24 Monsanto and as the Director of Environmental 24 please feel free to do so. I'm not trying to limit 25 Operations for Monsanto, would you agree with that 25 your information here. I'm just trying to save time. Page 238 Page 240 1 statement? 1 A. Thank you. 2 A. Yes. 2 Q. The head -- the first page of the exhibit, 3 Q. Okay. Then let's go to page 3. The second 3 the one that has the exhibit -- exhibit -- exhibit 4 paragraph from the top says, quote, Polychlorinated 4 sticker on it indicates that that is a Technical 5 Biphenyls are not sprayed or dusted on crops, 5 Bulletin No. PL-306, correct? 6 woodlands, or any other areas as are pesticides. As 6 A. Correct. 7 Manager of Environmental Control for Monsanto and as 7 Q. It's a Monsanto publication? 8 Director of Environmental Operations for Monsanto, 8 A. Yes. 9 would you agree with that statement? 9 Q. And it's dated December 1960, correct? 10 A. Yes. 10 A. Correct. 11 Q. It goes on to say in the next sentence to 11 Q. We discussed yesterday that a Technical 12 our knowledge, they are not used in tires, house 12 Bulletin was, in general terms, information gathered 13 paints, household products, epoxy resins, or major 13 and publicized by Monsanto for its PCB customers -- in 14 vinyl plastics as has been charged. Again, as Manager 14 this -- in this case for its PCB customers? 15 of Environmental Control and Director of Environmental 15 A. That is correct. 16 Operations for Monsanto, would you agree with that 16 Q. And specifically, this Technical Bulletin 17 sentence? 17 refers to, as the head -- heading on the front page 18 A. Yes. 18 indicates, Aroclor plasticisers, correct? 19 Q. And then down on the fourth and last 19 A. Correct. 20 paragraph of that page the first sentence reads it has 20 Q. All right. And it's my understanding that 21 also been implied that polychlorinated biphenyls are, 21 this Technical Bulletin was in effect -- excuse me -- 22 quote, highly toxic, end quote, chemicals, period. 22 was being used by Monsanto and being given to 23 This is not true. As Manager of Product -- as Manager 23 Monsanto's PCB cu -- customers throughout the 1960s. 24 of Environmental Control and as the Director of 24 Would you agree with that? 25 Environmental Operations for Monsanto, would you agree 25 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Lack of 24 (Pages 237 to 240) WATER PCB-SD0000017845 Page 241 Page 243 1 foundation. Through the entire decade? 1 hexachloride fortified with Aroclor 5460 remain toxic 2 MR. OAAS: Yes. 2 to flies, ants, roaches, and silver fish for as long as 3 A. Very likely, but I have no way of knowing 3 three months compared with one week for unfortified 4 whether it reached 1969 -- 4 sprays. Did I read that correctly? 5 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. 5 A. Yes. 6 A. -- or '68 or some other date in the '60s. 6 Q. Okay. And then I want to skip the next 7 Q. All right. Okay. Let's go to page 36 7 paragraph and go on to the - the last para -- the 8 then. 8 third paragraph under that heading. Aroclor 5460 is 9 A. I have it. 9 also recommended for non-crop insect formulations 10 Q. And it - it indicates that this technical 10 containing chlordane, aldrin, and dieldrin. Do you 11 bulletin is telling customers in general about 11 know - do you know what the reference would be for 12 miscellaneous applications of Aroclors. That's the 12 non-crop insect formulations using Aroclor 5460 as an 13 heading on the top, correct? 13 insecti -- as an insecticide extender? 14 A. That is correct. 14 A. It refers to insect - insecticides used 15 Q. And then I want to go down to the -- the -- 15 against insects that are not related to crops. For 16 the topic which starts with vapor suppression, the 16 example, termites in a home. 17 heading vapor suppression. Do you see that? 17 Q. Something you would use -- for example, 18 A. I see that. 18 termite control for a residence? 19 Q. Parentheses, for longer insecticide kill 19 A. Correct. 20 life, close -- close parentheses. Do you see that? 20 Q. Okay. And then it goes on to say 21 A. I do. 21 formulations - for non-crop insect formulations 22 Q. Mr. Papageorge, wouldn't insecticides be 22 containing chlordane, aldrin, and dieldrin. The other 23 something that's sprayed on crops and woodlands as 23 resinous Aroclor compounds, 1254, 1260, 1262, 4465, and 24 pesticides are? 24 5442, also non-volatile and sticky or tacky, likewise 25 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 25 merit evaluation as insecticide extenders. Did I read Page 242 Page 244 1 question. It mischaracterizes this document, the third 1 that correctly? 2 paragraph of that particular section. 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Well, my question - do you 3 Q. And - and we've already established that 4 want me to repeat my question? 4 1254, 1260, and 1262 at least are PCBs, correct? 5 A. I would appreciate it. 5 A. Correct. 6 Q. Okay. Mr. Papageorge, aren't insecticides 6 Q. Okay. 7 sprayed on -- sprayed or dusted on crops and woodlands? 7 MR. MILLER: I'm going to object to the form 8 MR. MILLER: In general or those that 8 of the question. Move to strike. Its - you did not 9 include Aroclors? 9 include non-crop insecticides in your question - 10 MR. OAAS: In general. 10 MR. OAAS: All right. 11 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 11 MR. MILLER: -- which is the meaning of this 12 A. Yes. 12 paragraph. 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. In the paragraph under 13 MR. OAAS: All right. 14 the heading it goes on to say the effective kill life 14 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Let's go on to Exhibit 56. 15 of expensive chlorinated in ~ insecticides is extended 15 A. I have read the exhibit. 16 as much as ten-fold by the incorporation of equal parts 16 Q. All right. I take it you've seen Exhibit 56 17 of Aroclor 5460 -- is that a PCB, Aroclor 5460? 17 before, correct? 18 A. No, it's not. 18 A. Yes. 19 Q. No, it's not. What is it? 19 Q. All right. This appears to be a memo or 20 A. It's a chlorinated terphenyl - 20 letter to you from Cumming Paton who we just previously 21 Q. Terphenyl. 21 identified to you dated April 13th of 1970, correct? 22 A. T-e-r-p-h-e-n-y-1. 22 A. Correct. 23 Q. All right -- which acts as both a vapor 23 Q. And this would have been sent to you in your 24 suppressant and as a sticking agent. Hard surfaces, 24 capacity as the Manager for Environmental Control of 25 painted or metallic, sprayed with lindane or benzene 25 Monsanto, correct? 25 (Pages 241 to 244) WATER PCB-SD0000017846 Page 245 Page 247 1 A. Correct. 1 column of volume and column and an app -- application 2 Q. And it's directed to you marked personal and 2 column. Do you see what I'm referring to? 3 confidential, correct? 3 A. Yes. 4 A. Correct. 4 Q. And I'm just going to go through some of 5 Q. And right under the words personal and 5 these, and I've highlighted and -- on my note Kiwi 6 confidential -- and I'll read -- just read it into 6 Polish; Aroclor, 1254; volume, unknown; application, 7 the -- is analysis of our Aroclor plasticiser survey 7 shoe polish. Would shoe polish be considered a 8 reveals a number of questionable applications. Do you 8 household product? 9 see where I'm reading from? 9 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, calls for 10 A. Yes. 10 speculation as to how it was used. 11 Q. What -- what -- what did -- and it -- 11 A. It could be in -- described as a household 12 reference at the top of the letter Aroclor plasticiser 12 product. 13 survey. What -- what is that referring to, 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. And Aroclor 1250 -- 14 Mr. Papageorge? 14 excuse me -- Aroclor 1242, that's a PCB, correct? 15 A. It's referring to the group of products that 15 A. Yes. 16 were Aroclors that were sold by the Monsanto group 16 Q. Okay. And I'm going to go -- skip down to 17 referred to as a Plasticiser -- 17 Florasynth Labs. They were apparently a plasticiser 18 Q. Okay. 18 customer of Monsanto, correct? 19 A. -- Group. 19 A. Yes. 20 Q. I understand that part, but I'm -- what -- 20 Q. And we're referring to Aro -- Aroclor 1262? 21 what was the survey? What does the word survey 21 A. Correct. 22 indicate in Aroclor -- Aroclor plasticiser survey? 22 Q. Is that a PCB? 23 What does that refer to? 23 A. Yes. 24 A. That tells me that the business group made a 24 Q. Okay. And it indicates -- there's no number 25 survey of all of its customers and the applications, 25 in the volume column, but it indicates that the Page 246 Page 248 1 and Mr. Paton summarized that. 1 application was for perfumes? 2 Q. Okay. And -- and Mr. Paton -- I guess I 2 A. That's what it indicates. 3 mispronounced it. It's pronounced Paton -- Paton? 3 Q. Would that indicate that that -- that 4 A. Well, Cumming Paton was the way we 4 application was for a household product? 5 pronounced it. 5 MR. MILLER: Objection. Calls for 6 Q. Okay. 6 speculation as to what Florasynth Labs was perfuming. 7 A. He accepted it. 7 A. I have no way of knowing if it was used as a 8 Q. And he was a member of the business group in 8 perfume in other products other than used by people -- 9 Monsanto? 9 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. 10 A. Yes. He was the -- the business group 10 A. -- on human beings. 11 called plasticisers managed by Mr. Springgate. 11 Q. If it was used by women as a perfume in -- 12 Q. Okay. And Mr. Springgate was the head of 12 in the normal understanding of that word, we could 13 the -- 13 consider it a household product, couldn't we? 14 A. Plasticiser group. 14 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Still -- 15 Q. Okay. Do you know -- do you know whether 15 still calling for speculation despite your assumption. 16 he's still alive or not, Mr. Springgate? 16 A. It could be perfume in a -- in a spray can 17 A. The last I heard he's still around -- alive. 17 for -- 18 Q. Do you know where he lives? 18 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go to the next 19 A. West coast is all I know. 19 one, U.S. Catheter Instruments. I take it they were a 20 Q. Okay. How about Mr. Paton? 20 PCB customer? 21 A. I don't know about Cumming. 21 A. That's what's indicated here. 22 Q. All right. Now, I want to ask you some 22 Q. Okay. And they apparently -- apparently 23 questions about the first page ofthis exhibit. 23 used PCBs in catheters? That seems to be an 24 There's a -- following the part I just referenced to, 24 interesting application for it, but did you know that 25 there's a chart indicating customer column and Aroclor 25 before April of 1970 that you had a customer that 26 (Pages 245 to 248) WATER PCB-SD0000017847 Page 249 Page 251 1 using -- was using PCBs in catheters? 1 A. That's what it indicates. 2 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 2 Q. Okay. Do you have any independent knowledge 3 A. I did not. 3 of the meaning of the word drop with respect to this 4 MR. MILLER: It also doesn't suggest that 4 particular customer? 5 they were for human use. 5 A. I do not. 6 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Following that is Perry 6 Q. Okay. And then the next customer is John 7 Brothers appeared to be a PC -- a PCB plasticiser 7 Rooney -- listed as John Rooney, purchaser of Aroclor 8 customer of Monsanto? 8 1254 and 1260. Volume, unknown, and -- and the 9 A. That's what this -- 9 application is a pesticide carrier. Do you see that? 10 Q. Okay. 10 A. Yes. 11 A. -- indicates. 11 Q. Isn't a pesticide, Mr. Papageorge, something 12 Q. They -- they were purchasing Aroclor 1242? 12 that's sprayed on crops and woodlands? 13 A. Yes. 13 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 14 Q. That's a PCB, correct? 14 question. That calls for speculation as to how it was 15 A. Yes. 15 being used by Mr. Rooney. 16 Q. And again, the application is listed as 16 A. I don't know if it's limited just to crops. 17 perfumes? 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. All right. And the -- 18 A. That's what this shows. 18 the next one is the -- the customer is identified as 19 Q. Okay. And then the bottom one, you have a 19 McCloskey Varnish. Do you see that? 20 customer listed as Chapman Chemical, correct? 20 A. I do. 21 A. Yes. 21 Q. And the vol -- the Aroclor purchase is 22 Q. And they were purchasing Aroclor 1262, which 22 5460. Now, did -- did we identify that -- that's not a 23 is a PCB, correct? 23 PCB, correct? 24 A. Correct. 24 A. That is correct. 25 Q. And the application is listed as insecticide 25 Q. Okay. We'll skip that. Let's go down to Page 250 Page 252 1 carrier? 1 the customer identified as Halvorson Tree Company about 2 A. That's what it indicates. 2 in the middle of the -- middle of the second page. Do 3 Q. Okay. Would an -- an insecticide be 3 you see that? 4 something that was sprayed on crops and woodlands? 4 A. Halvorson Tree, yes, I do, uh-huh. 5 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Calls for 5 Q. And they apparently purchased Aroclor 1254 6 speculation as to how this insecticide was being 6 as well as 5460 for Monsanto? 7 applied. 7 A. Yes. 8 A. I don't know if it was limited to any 8 Q. In reference to Aroclor 1254, the volume is 9 particular type of insecticide now. 9 listed as 7 M pounds, correct? 10 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. On the second 10 A. Yes. 11 page then I'm going to again ask you the same kind ol 11 Q. Would that be 7,000 pounds or 7,000,000 12 questions. It indicates the first customer would be a 12 pounds, do you know? 13 company called Chemagro -- and I don't know if I'm 13 MR. MILLER: M usually designates thousand. 14 pronouncing that correctly -- correct? 14 A. Thousand. 15 A. Yes. 15 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) It usually does, but I was 16 Q. Chem -- Chemagro, maybe. I'm not sure. 16 just - 17 A. Chemagro, uh-huh. 17 A. Thousand, yeah. 18 Q. Yeah. They were purchasing Aroclor 1254? 18 Q. Okay. And then the application is listed as 19 A. Yes. 19 Xmas tree flame proofing. Do you see that? 20 Q. Okay. And the volume is listed as 120 20 A. I do. 21 pounds? 21 Q. Would you think Xmas tree flame proofing 22 A. Yes. 22 would be considered a household product -- or excuse 23 Q. Okay. And the application was an 23 me -- would you consider Xmas trees to be considered a 24 insecticide carrier, and then, parentheses, dropped, 24 household product? 25 close parentheses? 25 MR. MILLER: Object to the form in terms of 27 (Pages 249 to 252) WATER PCB-SD0000017848 Page 253 Page 255 1 how these particular trees were being displayed. 1 manufacture or production of milk. Okay. I'm sorry. 2 A. It could be household. It could be 2 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 3 commercial. 3 58. 4 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Sure. 4 A. I'm sorry. 58? 5 A. It could be outdoors. 5 Q. Uh-huh. 6 Q. Okay. Let's go down to the second to the 6 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 7 last customer on the page identified as Cooper & 7 Q. All right. Can you identify who Hercules 8 Nephew? 8 Powder Company is? Were they a -- were they a PCB 9 A. I see that. 9 customer of Monsanto's? That's all I really want to 10 Q. Again, we're dealing with 5460, so that 10 know. 11 would be a non-PCB, correct? 11 A. Yeah. Yeah, they were. 12 A. Correct. 12 Q. They were. Okay. Were they a large 13 Q. Okay. All right. Let's go to Exhibit 57, 13 customer? 14 which is a duplicate of an exhibit we used earlier this 14 A. Not too large. 15 morning, and I don't know what the number was, but I 15 Q. Okay. 16 just had it remarked for convenience purposes. 16 A. A modest amount of purchases. 17 A. I have read the exhibit. 17 Q. Okay. Did you become aware at any time as 18 Q. Okay. In -- in your capacity as Manager of 18 the Manager of Envir -- of Environmental Control for 19 Environmental Control for Monsanto, did you ever find 19 Monsanto or the Director of Environmental Operations 20 out for sure whether or not your customers -- any of 20 for Monsanto that Hercules Powder Company was 21 your customers were using paints containing PCBs as a 21 recommending the use of Aroclor 1254 as an ingredient 22 coating for the interior of water towers, whether water 22 in coatings for aluminum foil, specifically Reynolds 23 was primarily used for human consumption? 23 Wrap? 24 A. Yes. 24 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Do -- do 25 Q. They were, in fact, doing that? 25 you have a date for this document? Page 254 Page 256 1 A. Uh-huh. Some of them. 1 MR. OAAS: No. 2 Q. Some of them? 2 MR. MILLER: This is a -- incidentally, 3 A. Not many. 3 Exhibit 58 is an undated document from a third party, 4 Q. Okay. Would -- would you agree or disagree 4 Hercules Powder. And I'll object to the reference to 5 that water for human consumption would be considered a 5 Reynolds Wrap as being -- 6 household product? 6 A. Reynolds Wrap. 7 A. Well, some of the water is used as a 7 MR. MILLER: -- something not -- not in the 8 household product. 8 record. 9 Q. Would you agree that milk would be 9 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Well, why don't you look 10 considered a household product? 10 at -- let's go to paragraph A on the first page, 11 A. That what would be? 11 adhesion of nitrocellulose lacquers. Do you see where 12 Q. Milk. 12 I'm referring to, Mr. Papageorge? 13 A. Yes, but I'm confused by the reference to 13 A. Yes. 14 milk. 14 Q. Under that heading, is the -- it reads the 15 Q. Okay. I'll -- I -- I had in mind the 15 Hercules Coatings Service Laboratory investigated the 16 Ohio -- the Ohio milk instance we were talking about, 16 adhesion of four nitrocellulose-based formulations to 17 and I -- 17 two types of untreated foil, dash, quote, Reynolds 18 A. Oh. 18 Wrap, end quote, foil sold for household use. Do you 19 Q. -- I just wanted to know whether you 19 see that reference? 20 considered, as -- as the Manager of Environmental 20 A. I do. 21 Control, whether or not milk would be considered a 21 Q. Okay. And then it goes on to say and heavy 22 household product? 22 duty foil used as an over-wrap on cigarette cartons. 23 A. Yes. 23 Do you see that reference? 24 Q. Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 58. 24 A. Yes. 25 MR. MILLER: But PCBs weren't used in the 25 Q. Okay. And then if you go to page 4 of the 28 (Pages 253 to 256) WATER PCB-SD0000017849 Page 257 Page 259 1 exhibit, do you not see under table 2 where Hercules is 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. After looking at 2 recommending the use of Aroclor 1254 in its formulation 2 that document, Mr. Papageorge, let me ask you whether 3 for the aluminum foil coating reference there? Page 4 3 or not in your capacity as Manager of Environmental 4 of the -- page -- I don't think you're on the right 4 Control, whether you ev -- ever became aware that 5 page. I think - I think it's the next page. Let's go 5 Hercules Powder Company was recommending the use of 6 to that page. 6 Aroclor 1254 as a coating for Reynolds Wrap? 7 A. Page -- 7 MR. MILLER: At what period of time? 8 Q. Page 4 of 6. 8 MR. OAAS: When he was the Manager of 9 A. --page 5. 9 Environmental Control. 10 Q. Well, I'm reading up in the top -- I -- I'm 10 MR. MILLER: No. I'm sorry. At what period 11 read -- looking at the -- the right hand -- upper 11 of time was Hercules making that representation? 12 right-hand comer. 12 MR. OAAS: Any -- any time prior to the 13 A. Oh, okay. 13 time -- 14 Q. There we go. 14 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) The question implied any time 15 A. All right. 15 prior to the time you were Manager of Environmental 16 Q. That's the page I want you to look at, yeah. 16 Control were you aware of that? 17 Great. 17 A. I was aware that the supplying of 1254 to 18 A. All right. 18 this application was terminated. 19 Q. Just take a minute and look at that page. 19 Q. Okay. Do you know when that occurred? 20 A. Okay. I've looked at it. 20 A. Late 71. 21 Q. And on page 4, it appears to indicate that 21 Q. All right. Do you know how long it had been 22 Hercules is recommending the use of Aroclor 1254 for -- 22 in existence -- 23 as an ingredient in the aluminum foil coating 23 A. I do not. 24 referenced on that page, correct? 24 Q. -- prior to its termination? 25 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. I don't 25 A. I do not. Page 258 Page 260 1 understand this table at all. Maybe Mr. Papageorge 1 Q. All right. Let's go to Exhibit 59 then. 2 does, but I don't. 2 A. I have read Exhibit 59. 3 A. It is referred to for one of their -- 3 Q. All right. Do you know what that is? 4 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) One of their coatings? 4 A. I'm sorry? 5 A. One of their six coatings that's shown here. 5 Q. Do you know -- can you tell me what Exhibit 6 Q. Correct. And you would agree, would you 6 59 is? 7 not, that Reynolds Wrap would be considered a household 7 A. It's a -- I'm going to call it a -- a 8 product? 8 bulletin - 9 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 9 Q. Put out by Monsanto? 10 question. 10 A. -- put out by Monsanto -- 11 A. Generally, yes. 11 Q. Okay. 12 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) All right. Let's go on to 12 A. -- and signed by Cumming Paton -- 13 Exhibit 59, please. 13 Q. Okay. 14 MR. MILLER: What is -- what is 1? Do you 14 A. -- dated 1968. 15 know what that 1 is in table 2? Do you know what that 15 Q. Okay. And it appears that -- on the front 16 refers to? 16 page that the subject of the bulletin is Parlon 17 THE WITNESS: They've got six different 17 Promotion Means Aroclor Opportunities. Do you see 18 recipes with some of the ingredients in each. 18 that? 19 MR. MILLER: Yeah. Do you know if that 19 A. Yes, Ido. 20 refers to Reynolds Wrap, no. 1, that would have been 20 Q. Okay. Wasn't it your understanding as 21 used for household use? There's nothing on the 21 Manager of Environmental Control and Director of 22 document that says that, is there, Mr. Papageorge? 22 Environmental Operations that Monsanto had sold in the 23 THE WITNESS: No, it - it doesn't. It just 23 1960s Aroclor PCBs to the -- that were recommended as 24 says Reynolds Wrap is involved, but I don't know which 24 an ingredient in Parlon paints? 25 of these six coatings apply. 25 A. Yes. 29 (Pages 257 to 260) WATER PCB-SD0000017850 Page 261 Page 263 1 Q. And Parlon, is my understanding, was a 1 A. I see that. 2 chlorinated rubber manufactured by Hercules Powder 2 Q. Did you become aware at any time you were 3 Company, correct? 3 Manager of Environmental Control in the 1970 -- or the 4 A. Yes. 4 1970 time frame that PCBs were being used as an 5 Q. And then as we go down that exhibit, next to 5 ingredient in indoor floor paints? 6 paragraph 2 there's the heading swimming pool paints -- 6 A. No. Uh-uh. 7 A. I see it. 7 Q. Let's go on to page 60 then -- excuse me. 8 Q. -- on the front page. 8 Let's go on to Exhibit 60. 9 A. Yes. Yes. 9 A. Okay. I have read the exhibit. 10 Q. Were you aware as the Manager of 10 Q. All right. Have you -- 11 Environmental Control that during the 1960s Hercules 11 MR. MILLER: Is there a reason you're not 12 had been recommending the use of Aroclor 1254 as an 12 giving him the full copy of this that has the date? 13 ingredient in its Parlon paints for swimming pools? 13 MR. OAAS: This is all we have. I mean. 14 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 14 this is all we have in the -- I'm giving him all we 15 question. It's not founded by any particular time that 15 have. This is what we got from Monsanto in North 16 recommendation may have been made. 16 Carolina. 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) In the 1960s. 17 MR. MILLER: All right. Well, I'll 18 A. Eventually, I was informed of that, yes. 18 object -- 19 Q. All right. Okay. 19 MR. OAAS: And I- 20 A. Early '70. 20 MR. MILLER: -- to the use of this incomplete 21 Q. '71, in there? 21 document -- 22 A. '70 is when I was informed of these uses. 22 MR. OAAS: And if- 23 Q. Okay. All right. And -- and paints for 23 MR. MILLER: -- and any questions relating to 24 swimming pools that contained PCBs, wouldn't that be 24 it. 25 considered a household use or a household product? 25 MR. OAAS: If you have any other parts of Page 262 Page 264 1 A. Some of the applications would fit that 1 this document, I would stipulate, even without looking 2 category. 2 at it, that this can -- that they can be attached to 3 Q. Okay. And let -- let's go down to paragraph 3 the exhibit and used in your questioning later on for 4 no. 4 where it lists paints for tiled roofs in 4 any other purposes. 5 Florida. Do you see that? 5 MR. MILLER: No, I -- I don't need your 6 A. I see that, yes. 6 stipulation to that effect. I just am a little puzzled 7 Q. Again, were -- did you become aware in 1970 7 why you wouldn't make an effort to get a complete 8 that Hercules Powder Company was recommending the use 8 document to show to Mr. Papageorge before you ask him 9 of Aroclor 1254 for use in a -- in a paint formulation 9 questions unfairly about a partial document. 10 that contained its chlorinated rubber product called 10 MR. OAAS: We made quite an effort to get 11 Parlon? 11 all of the documents we could, and I -- I don't think 12 A. I don't recall that application. 12 I'm going to ask any unfair questions with reference to 13 Q. If it -- if -- what I -- if it, in fact, was 13 this exhibit. 14 used for that application, the paint for tiled roofs, 14 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) And I want to direct your 15 the paints containing PCBs for tiled roofs, that would 15 attention to the first page of the exhibit, 16 be considered either a household use or a household 16 Mr. Papageorge. Okay? 17 product, correct? 17 A. I have it. 18 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. It calls 18 Q. Okay. Isn't it hue that in the 1960s PCBs 19 for speculation and there's no foundation. 19 were recommended by Monsanto for use in paints and 20 A. I don't know if it's correct, but it's 20 varnishes and lacquers that were used by consumers to 21 possible that it was considered a household product. 21 paint or varnish or lacquer household furniture? 22 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go to -- the 22 MR. MILLER: Let me object to the form of 23 se -- the next page of that exhibit, please, 23 the question. It's two parts with respect to the 24 Mr. Papageorge. Going down to par - to no. 7 where it 24 recommendation and then with respect to the ultimate 25 says floor finishes. 25 use. I'll object to the form and lack of foundation. 30 (Pages 261 to 264) WATER PCB-SD0000017851 Page 265 Page 267 1 A. I think you mentioned use on furniture? 1 results. 2 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Right. I can -- do you want 2 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) And with respect to highway 3 me to re -- ask my question -- rephrase my question? 3 markings, wouldn't -- the use of PCBs and coatings for 4 A. Yeah, do that. 4 highway markings would be a use that would lead to the 5 Q. Okay. Sure. Isn't it true that in the 5 release of PCBs into the environment? 6 1960s Monsanto was recommending and selling for use 6 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 7 PCBs for use in paint, varnish, and lacquers that were 7 A. Very likely, yes. 8 used, for example, by the lady pictured in the picture 8 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. And the same question 9 on this front page of this exhibit to paint, varnish, 9 with respect to the use of PCBs in masonry coatings? 10 or lacquer household furniture? 10 That would be a use that would normally lead to the 11 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 11 release of PCBs into the environment? 12 A. Yes. 12 A. Only if the surface is damaged. 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Let's go to the third page 13 Q. Okay. Let's go on to page 61 -- excuse 14 of -- of that exhibit. 14 me -- Exhibit 61. 15 MR. MILLER: Wait a minute. Is -- 4465 and 15 A. Yeah. 16 5460, those are not PCB formulations, is that correct? 16 Q. I'm sorry. Slap me upside the head. 17 THE WITNESS: 4465 is a blend - 17 Exhibit 61. We're done with 60. If we could go to 61, 18 MR. MILLER: Okay. 18 please. 19 THE WITNESS: -- of a terphenyl with a 19 A. I have scanned through the exhibit. 20 biphenyl. 20 Q. All right. Thank, you sir. I would like to 21 MR. MILLER: Okay. 21 direct your attention to page no. 36, and we're -- I'm 22 MR. OAAS: Okay. 22 referencing the handwriting number at the bottom of the 23 THE WITNESS: I don't recall just which of 23 pages. It's page 36, and it has MON-MT no. 003366. 24 the terphenyls and biphenyls, but it's a blend. 24 MR. MILLER: Do you have a year on this? 25 MR. OAAS: Okay. All right. 25 MR. OAAS: No. Page 266 Page 268 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) The third page of that 1 MR. MILLER: You don't? 2 exhibit has the -- has a heading titled Chlorin - 2 MR. OAAS: No. 3 Chlorinated Rubber and Styrene -- you're going to have 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Are you there, 4 to help me pronounce that word. 4 Mr. Papageorge? 5 A. Butadiene. 5 A. Page -- page 36? 6 Q. -- Butadiene Copolymers, correct? 6 Q. Yeah. Right. 7 A. Correct. 7 A. Yes. 8 Q. Okay. And then - and I -- I'm going to 8 Q. It has a -- a picture at the -- on the top 9 draw your attention to this -- to the second paragraph 9 half, and -- and the -- the wording on that page starts 10 which reads in rubber base coatings, Aroclor 1254 is 10 with this paint says one food-processing plant engineer 11 used as a liquid flexibilizing plasticiser and commonly 11 in speaking of Parlon, stands up where other types just 12 used in combination with Aroclor 5460 which serves as a 12 couldn't take it. Are you on that page? 13 resin fortifier. The outstanding chemical resistance, 13 A. Yes, I am. 14 corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance of 14 Q. And Exhibit 61 is en -- is entitled 15 rubber base Aroclor coatings make them outstanding 15 Protection With Parlon, correct? 16 protective coatings for chemical plants, boats, highway 16 A. Yes. 17 marking, and masonry. Do you see -- do you see that? 17 Q. Okay. And we've already identified that 18 A. I do. 18 Parlon -- what Parlon is, correct? 19 Q. Okay. Wouldn't it be true that the use of 19 A. Yes. 20 Aroclor 1254 in a coating for boat -- for boats would 20 Q. Okay. Were you aware at any time as Manager 21 be a -- a use that would normally lead to the release 21 for Environmental Control of -- for Monsanto or the 22 of PCBs into the water environment? 22 Director of Environmental Operations of Monsanto that 23 MR. MILLER: Object to the form of the 23 one of your customers, Hercules Powder Company, was 24 question and lack of foundation. 24 recommending the use of PCBs in its Parlon base paints 25 A. I don't know that I'd consider it normally 25 for the use in the interior of food processing plants. 31 (Pages 265 to 268) WATER PCB-SD0000017852 Page 269 Page 271 1 A. I was aware of the use in -- with Parlon, 1 MR. OAAS: Handwritten 40. 2 but I don't recall specifically a reference to food 2 MR. MILLER: Why don't you sue Hercules? 3 processing plants as distinguished from other uses of 3 They seem like a better defendant than Monsanto. 4 the same kind of mixture. 4 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Have you had a chance to look 5 Q. Okay. And what I'm referring to 5 at page 40? 6 specifically -- let's go -- let's go on to the next 6 A. Yes. 7 page, page 37. Directing your attention to the up -- 7 Q. Okay. Do you see where it's headed tra -- 8 the left-hand portion of page 37 up at the top where it 8 the -- at the top of the page it reads Traffic and 9 reads Parlon finish applied to walls, ceiling, and 9 Floor Paints? 10 mechanical equipment in processing plant producing 10 A. I see it. 11 synthetic blood plasma. Do you see where I'm reading 11 Q. We've already discussed traffic paints, I 12 from that? 12 think, enough, so let's go to floor paints. And I'm 13 A. Yes. 13 gonna - I'm just going to start in the second 14 Q. Were you aware -- aware of that particular 14 paragraph down where it reads Parlon floor paints are 15 use for Parlon based paints? 15 easy to clean, richly colorful, applied to wood, metal, 16 A. I was not. 16 asphalt, and concrete, they give long-term protection 17 Q. Never at any time? 17 against attacks from acids, mineral oils, caustic 18 A. I was not. 18 solutions, and moisture. Did I read that correctly? 19 Q. Okay. Let's go down to the next one. It 19 A. Yes. 20 reads a two-coat Parlon finish protects both fruit 20 Q. Were you aware at any time you were Manager 21 elevators and fruit storage bins, and peel storage and 21 of Environmental Control or Director of Environmental 22 sugar bins at Golden Citrus Juices, Inc. Do you see 22 Operation for Monsanto that Hercules was rec -- 23 where I'm reading there? 23 recommending the use of Aroclor 1254 or other PCB 24 A. Yes. 24 Aroclors for its use in Parlon floor paints? 25 Q. You -- were you aware of the Parlon -- the 25 A. No. Page 270 Page 272 1 use of Parlon for - for use at that particular 1 MR. MILLER: Did -- did Monsanto own 2 facility? 2 Hercules? 3 A. No. 3 THE WITNESS: No. 4 Q. Okay. And then going down to the last one, 4 MR. MILLER: No. Separate company? 5 it reads snow white Parlon finish of interior walls and 5 THE WITNESS: Huh? 6 ceiling of Vemell's Candy Factory, parentheses, right, 6 MR. MILLER: Separate company all together? 7 close paren, makes it one of Seattle's show places. 7 THE WITNESS: Yeah. Hercules eventually 8 Were -- were you aware of that particular use? 8 became the Hercules Chemical Company. 9 A. No. 9 MR. MILLER: They're the ones that made the 10 Q. And then if you go over to the right-hand 10 paints. You didn't make the paints, isn't that right? 11 side, again, at the bottom of the page starting with 11 THE WITNESS: No, we didn't. 12 wo -- bakeries. It reads bakeries, too, stay clean and 12 MR. MILLER: There you go. 13 fresh-looking longer when protected by Parlon. Bakery 13 THE WITNESS: No. 14 equipment, parentheses, above, close parentheses, at 14 MR. OAAS: Are we going to get into another 15 Drake Bakeries, Roxbury, Massachusetts, has two-coat 15 argument on the record? 16 Parlon finish still in excellent condition after more 16 MR. MILLER: No. I'm just -- we're finished 17 than a year of daily cleaning and exposure in humid 17 with that. It's like suing a -- suing the -- the tree 18 atmosphere at 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Do you see that? 18 grower when the McDonald's bag blows into your yard. 19 A. I do. 19 MR. OAAS: I'm just going to move to strike 20 Q. Were you aware of the -- that -- that 20 for the record all those -- 21 particular use? 21 MR. MILLER: They're not going to a jury. 22 A. I was not. 22 MR. OAAS: - unnecessary comments. 23 Q. Okay. Let's go on to page 40 of the same 23 MR. MILLER: I'll withdraw the comments. 24 exhibit? 24 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Let's go to Exhibit 62. 25 MR. MILLER: Your handwritten 40? 25 MR. MILLER: I'm sorry. Exhibit 62? 32 (Pages 269 to 272) WATER PCB-SD0000017853 Page 273 Page 275 1 MR. OAAS: Yeah. 1 Q. Okay. Would you agree with that statement? 2 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) I think I'll skip Exhibit 62, 2 A. Yes. 3 and just in the interest of saving time, let's go on to 3 Q. Let's go on to Exhibit 64 then. You know, 4 Exhibit 63. 4 Mr. Papageorge, I think I can save you some reading 5 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 5 time. Just let -- let me ask the questions this way 6 Q. Have you ever seen Exhibit 63 before, 6 with respect to Exhibit 64 and Exhibit 65. You are 7 Mr. Papageorge? 7 certainly familiar with Congressman William F. Ryan, 8 A. Yes, I have. 8 correct? 9 Q. Are you acquainted with Carl Gustafson? 9 A. Yes. 10 A. Yes. 10 Q. Okay. And I believe he was a congressman 11 Q. And did you know him personally? 11 from Illinois or -- 12 A. Yes. 12 MR. MILLER: New York. 13 Q. And what time frame would -- would we be 13 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) -- excuse me -- New York -- 14 talking about? 14 A. Yeah. 15 A. 1970, 71, early 72. 15 Q. -- in the 1970s time frame? 16 Q. And where was he employed during that time 16 A. Yes. 17 frame? 17 Q. Okay. And Exhibits 64 and 65, I'll 18 A. Well, he initially started with the Water -- 18 represent to you, appear to be copies of letters from 19 as shown, the Water Quality Administration in Athens. 19 the president of Monsanto, John - excuse me -- the 20 Q. This Federal Water Quality Administration in 20 Assistant General Manager of Monsanto, John Mason -- 21 Athens, Georgia? 21 A. Yes. 22 A. Yeah. 22 Q. -- to Congressman Ryan? 23 Q. All right. 23 A. Yes. 24 A. And eventually, as I recall, that became 24 Q. Okay. The first one is dated April 28, 25 part of EPA. 25 1970? Page 274 Page 276 1 Q. All right. And he apparently published an 1 A. Right. 2 article entitled PCBs-Prevalent and Persistent? 2 Q. If I can just direct your attention to 3 A. Yes. 3 the -- to page 3 of that letter, on the top left-hand 4 Q. It appeared in the Journal of Environmental 4 corner of page 3, and draw your attention to the second 5 Science & Technology, I believe, in 1970? 5 paragraph. It appears that Mr. Mason is telling 6 A. Yes. 6 Mr. Ryan the following: Quote, in my opinion, to 7 Q. All right. I just want to go to the last 7 release a complete list of uses for Aroclor, names of 8 page of that exhibit. In the middle of the page 8 products and manufacturers, as you suggest, would only 9 there's a heading entitled research needs. Do you see 9 cause undue alarm to the public and would make no 10 that? 10 contributions to this area. Do you see that? 11 A. I see that. 11 A. Yes. Yes. 12 Q. Then there's a number of bullet items below 12 Q. Wasn't that Mon - Monsanto's -- as you 13 that? 13 understood it, wasn't that Mon - Monsanto's official 14 A. Yes. 14 position in 1970 that they were not going to release 15 Q. And I'm referring to the third bullet item. 15 that type of information to Congressman Ryan or anybody 16 I'm just going to read it into the record and ask you a 16 else for that matter? 17 question about it. It reads we need to know all of the 17 A. That's true. 18 uses for the PCBs. What is the annual production of 18 Q. And with reference to the letter of June 30, 19 PCBs? Our knowledge of these facts is limited and 19 1970, again, we appear to have a letter from John 20 needs to be expanded. These facts should be known if 20 Mason, the Assistant General Manager from Monsanto, to 21 we are to accurately determine how they get into the 21 Congressman Ryan dated June 30, 1970? 22 environment and take -- and take steps to prevent 22 A. Yes. 23 further environmental contamination by them. Did I -- 23 Q. Okay. You were acquainted with John Mason, 24 did I read that correctly? 24 correct, I -- I take it? 25 A. Yes. 25 A. Oh, yes. 33 (Pages 273 to 276) WATER PCB-SD0000017854 Page 277 Page 279 1 Q. Okay. And it -- it's correct that -- to 1 biphenyls, but we have more than covered this point by 2 state for the record that he was the Assistant General 2 refusing to sell for application where control cannot 3 Manager of Monsanto in 1970? 3 be established. Is that -- is that an accurate 4 A. Yes. 4 statement by Mr. Mason concerning the warnings that 5 Q. Okay. And at this same time frame you were 5 Monsanto gave? 6 the Man -- Manager of Environmental Control for 6 A. Yes. 7 Monsanto, correct? 7 Q. As far as I know, Monsanto may -- never gave 8 A. Correct. 8 any warnings to potential users -- or excuse me. To 9 Q. You were copied on both the -- both letters, 9 your knowledge, when you were the Manager of Product -- 10 Exhibit 64 and 65,1 believe -- at least 64 clearly 10 when you were the Manager of Environmental Control or 11 indicates you were copied. I -- I -- I guess I only 11 the Director of Environmental Operations, did you 12 can ask you with reference to -- 12 yourself ever issue any warnings to users or consumers 13 A. You're right. You're correct. 13 of products that contained PCBs? 14 Q. Did you get -- were you copied on Exhibit 64 14 MR. MILLER: Well, let me object. Are you 15 - 15 excluding press releases, communications to the public, 16 A. On both of them. 16 communications to FDA, to the Patuxent Research 17 Q. Both of them. Okay. And if I could direct 17 Facility by the Department of Interior, communications 18 your attention to page 5 of Exhibit 65, the next to the 18 with the task force -- interdepartmental task force? 19 last -- last paragraph on that page. I believe it's 19 Are you excluding all of those communications with - 20 the last sentence of the next to the last paragraph I 20 MR. OAAS: Yeah, I - 21 want to read and ask you a question about. It states 21 MR. MILLER: -- government, with 22 as you know, comma, we have issued warnings to all of 22 universities -- 23 our customers using the chlorinated biphenyls, 23 MR. OAAS: I'm talking -- 24 period -- excuse me, two sentences. We have not issued 24 MR. MILLER: -- with all those people? 25 warnings to all potential users of chlorinated 25 MR. OAAS: -- about the people who needed to Page 278 Page 280 1 biphenyls, but we have more than covered this point by 1 know it most which would be the users and consumers of 2 refusing to sell for applications where control can not 2 products that contained PCBs. 3 be established. Is that a correct statement as far as 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Now, my question is, 4 you know? 4 Mr. Papageorge -- 5 A. What page are we on? 5 MR. OAAS: And we can banter back and forth 6 Q. Oh, I'm sorry, Mr. Papageorge. Page 5. 6 about this. If you have an objection, just go ahead 7 A. I have page 5. 7 and state it. 8 Q. Okay. I -- I'm referring to page -- the -- 8 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) I just want to know whether 9 at the top. I'm referring to -- no, that -- go to -- 9 or not you yourself issued any warnings directly to 10 yeah. Go to page 5. Yeah, we have too many numbers on 10 users or consumers of products that contained PCBs, for 11 the document. 11 instance, like the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife 12 MR. MILLER: Oh. You're talking about -- 12 and Parks? 13 oh. I'm sorry. I was -- I made the same mistake. I 13 MR. MILLER: You -- him personally? 14 was referring to your - 14 MR. OAAS: Him personally. 15 MR. OAAS: That's my fault. That's my 15 MR. MILLER: Okay. Because I -- that -- 16 fault. Page 5 in the upper left-hand corner. 16 that's fine. 17 A. Okay. 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) At -- in the capacity as 18 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) We can go to the next to the 18 Manager of Environmental Control or in your capacity of 19 last paragraph, and I'm going to read into the record 19 Director of Environmental Operations. 20 the last two sentences of page 5, and this is Mason 20 MR. MILLER: That would include things 21 corresponding with Congressman -- United States 21 like -- I just want for clarification -- 22 Congressman Ryan. As you are -- as you know, we have 22 MR. OAAS: No. You've already stated it. 23 issued warnings to all of our customers using the 23 MR. MILLER: Patuxent Research Facility -- 24 chlorinated biphenyls, period. We have not issued 24 MR. OAAS: Do you have an object -- do you 25 warnings to all potential users of chlorinated 25 have an objection? 34 (Pages 277 to 280) WATER PCB-SD0000017855 Page 281 Page 283 1 MR. MILLER: Yeah. It's unclear. It's 1 inform the users and potential users? Yes. Through 2 vague and ambiguous when you referred to a category of 2 the company organization. They didn't all go out with 3 users, but then you exclude all of those that you know 3 my signature on it. Thousands of letters. 4 Mr. Papageorge was involved in with meetings day after 4 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Are you referring to the 5 day after day -- 5 letters that went to your PCB -- your direct PCB 6 MR. OAAS: Okay. 6 customers? 7 MR. MILLER: -- and the question is -- 7 A. And the potentials. 8 MR. OAAS: I think jury -- I think the 8 Q. Okay. 9 under - the jury would understand my question. 9 A. Anybody that made an inquiry, his name was 10 MR. MILLER: I - I - I think it's an 10 added to the addressee list. 11 unfair question. 11 Q. Okay. All right. My question is -- I want 12 MR. OAAS: You're trying to prevent him from 12 to go back to the statement by Mr. Mason where he said 13 answering it. 13 we have not issued warnings to all potential users of 14 MR. MILLER: No. I'm trying -- 14 chlorinated biphenyls. Would you agree with that 15 MR. OAAS: Yes, you are. 15 statement? 16 MR. MILLER: I'm trying to get an accurate 16 A. It depends on the timing. 17 answer. 17 Q. Well, I'm talking about as of the date of 18 MR. OAAS: You're trying to prevent him from 18 the letter. 19 answering the question Mr. -- 19 A. This one is June of '70 -- 20 MR. MILLER: Miller. 20 Q. June 30, 1970. 21 MR. OAAS: Yes. Mr. Miller, you're trying 21 A. -- and I'm trying to recall -- I don't 22 to prevent him from answering the question. 22 remember the timing of this letter that I described. 23 MR. MILLER: No. I'm trying to get an 23 Q. Okay. All right. Let's go on to Exhibit 24 accurate response. 24 65 -- 65A, excuse me. 25 MR. OAAS: Then state your objection and let 25 A. I have read the exhibit. Page 282 Page 284 1 him answer the question. That's the way the process 1 Q. Okay. Have you seen that before, 2 works. 2 Mr. Papageorge? 3 MR. MILLER: It's an unfair question. It's 3 A. I recall it, yes. 4 vague and ambiguous and it excludes a whole host of 4 Q. Okay. 5 communications. 5 A. In fact, I received a -- it indicates I 6 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Do you -- did you understand 6 received a copy. 7 the question? 7 Q. Okay. And the date ofthis exhibit is July 8 A. I think I do. 8 29, 1970, correct -- 9 Q. Okay. 9 A. 71. 10 A. I was involved in composing a letter which 10 Q. -- excuse me -- 71. And it's authored by a 11 was eventually mailed to all users and potential users, 11 Willis S. -- S. Clark. Can you identify who he is? 12 but -- 12 A. He's a member of the marketing group with 13 Q. Are you talking about the letter that you 13 the plasticisers group stationed in St. Louis. 14 sent to -- 14 Q. All right. And as I read this -- this memo, 15 MR. MILLER: He's not done with his 15 it -- it -- it indicates that Monsanto was aware that 16 response, Torger. 16 one of its customers was importing -- importing 17 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Go ahead -- 17 Japanese PCBs? 18 MR. MILLER: Please let him finish. 18 A. That's the implication, yes. 19 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Go ahead and finish. I 19 Q. And the customer was named Sonnenbom, is 20 apologize if I cut you off. 20 that correct? 21 MR. MILLER: You did. 21 A. Yes. 22 A. I'm trying to recall the past here. There 22 Q. Okay. All right. And I -- the first 23 was a letter prepared which was intended to be sent to 23 paragraph of the letter indicates that -- and I'm 24 all users and potential users describing the total PCB 24 referring to the last sentence where it reads however, 25 situation. So when you asked me did we -- did we 25 if it comes to light that some companies are importing 35 (Pages 281 to 284) WATER PCB-SD0000017856 Page 285 Page 287 1 Japanese PCBs, the pressure to cease and desist will be 1 Q. Okay. Can you tell me why Monsanto had the 2 enormous. Do you see what I'm reading there? 2 policy not to disclose whether or not any of its 3 A. Yes. 3 customers were importing PCBs? 4 Q. This -- this letter appears to indicate that 4 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Calls for 5 Monsanto was concerned about the fact that some of its 5 speculation. 6 customers were importing Japanese PCBs? 6 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) If you know. 7 A. Well, would you define the word concerned? 7 A. I don't really know. I can only guess. 8 I- 8 Q. Okay. Go ahead and give me your guess. 9 Q. Just in its general common -- 9 A. Huh? 10 A. - just -- 10 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 11 Q. -- sense understanding? 11 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Go ahead and give me your 12 A. Just understanding? 12 guess. 13 Q. Yeah. 13 MR. MILLER: It's a guess. It's unreliable, 14 MR. MILLER: You mean worried about it? 14 and it doesn't speak for the company and it's utter 15 MR. OAAS: Yeah. 15 speculation and -- 16 A. Not necessarily. They were -- we were 16 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) What was your -- 17 convinced that eventually the Japanese would back off. 17 A. It's my personal impression. 18 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. I'm gonna -- I'm gonna 18 Q. Sure. Right. 19 read the second paragraph into the record. It says 19 A. It probably resulted from some unpleasant 20 please do not misunderstand the intent of these 20 experiences that the marketing people went through on 21 comments and please be very careful not to give 21 some other kinds of product changes and all, so -- 22 Sonnenbom the wrong impression. Monsanto has no 22 Q. All right. 23 intention of disclosing the names of any organizations 23 A. -- the decision was to avoid that kind of 24 who are importing PCBs. We have withstood such 24 situation again. 25 pressures in the past, and I trust we will continue to 25 Q. All right. Page 286 Page 288 1 do so. Is it your understanding that that was 1 MR. MILLER: I move to strike as being 2 Monsanto's policy at the time this letter was written? 2 speculation. 3 A. That's right, yeah. 3 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. Let's go on to Exhibit 4 Q. Okay. You were familiar with that policy? 4 66. 5 A. I became familiar with it eventually, yes. 5 MR. OAAS: And this is the last exhibit I'm 6 Q. If somebody from the U.S. Government called 6 going to refer to, and I'm going to reserve questioning 7 you up and asked you about PCB imports, you wouldn't 7 on 67 and 68 when we come back. I think we're gonna -- 8 disclose any information to them? 8 I'm going to finish so Steve can have -- have time to 9 MR. MILLER: Who? Mr. Papageorge? 9 ask his questions. 10 MR. OAAS: Mr. Papageorge. 10 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Would you just take a minute 11 A. Yeah, I wouldn't. 11 and look at Exhibit 66, please, Mr. Papageorge? 12 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Okay. 12 A. I have reviewed this exhibit. 13 A. I would leave that up to the marketing 13 Q. All right. Have you seen it before? 14 people. 14 A. I -- I believe I remember it. I -- I'm 15 Q. This paragraph goes on to say the point is 15 listed as a recipient. 16 Japanese PCBs are an extremely unreliable source of 16 Q. All right. And it appears -- the title, 17 plasticisers. The government could act very swiftly to 17 Report of Meeting With Ministry of Agriculture, 18 eliminate all imports of these products. Incidentally, 18 Fisheries and Food at Monsanto House, London, 10th 19 you may or may not know that Japan has banned the use 19 March, 1970? 20 of PCBs in Japan. They evidently just don't feel too 20 A. Yes. 21 concerned about exports. Did I read that correctly? 21 Q. Okay. And down at the bottom there's a 22 A. Yes. 22 section that begins with the heading confidential, and 23 Q. Okay. Can you tell me what Sonnenbom used 23 a subheading summary. Do you see that? 24 PCBs for? 24 A. I do. 25 A. No, I -- I don't remember. 25 Q. I'm just going to read it into the record. 36 (Pages 285 to 288) WATER PCB-SD0000017857 Page 289 Page 291 1 By leading the discussion away from sensitive areas, by 1 EXAMINATION 2 prolonging the further exchange of analytical 2 BY MR. BROWN: 3 techniques, and by encouraging debate as to why the PCB 3 Q. Mr. Papageorge, my name is Steve Brown, and 4 residues commonly found in nature more closely 4 I represent a company called Columbia Paint in this 5 resembled pentachlorodiphenyl, we were able to preclude 5 litigation. Columbia Paint has also been sued along 6 the direct question, quote, who are the main users of 6 with Monsanto, so we are a -- a defendant in the 7 PCBs and where are they located, end quote. This was 7 litigation, also. 8 one of the specific questions raised at our previous 8 A. Uh-huh. 9 meetings and repeated in the Ministry of Agriculture's 9 Q. Have -- have you ever heard of Columbia 10 letter dated 30th January addressed to the Chemical 10 Paint? To you -- is that a name that's familiar to you 11 Industries Association. Accordingly, we did not name 11 at all? It's a company that does business in Montana 12 any customers nor did we disclose the NCR paper 12 and Idaho and Washington primarily. 13 application. The Ministry are no wiser about the 13 A. I have a suspicion I have heard it because 14 applications for PCB or the major geographical areas of 14 it's not totally strange to me, but -- 15 usage than they were after our January meeting. Did I 15 Q. Okay. 16 read that correctly? 16 A. -- it hasn't been often and -- 17 A. Yes. 17 Q. Okay. Do you -- do you recall how you might 18 Q. Okay. Was it the official policy of 18 have heard of it or just a name that sticks out at you 19 Monsanto in 1970 to prevent the Ministry of Agriculture 19 from along the way? 20 to learn -- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 20 A. Just came up in general conversations. 21 to learn who were the main users of PCBs and where they 21 Q. Okay. Well, what I want to do is just ask 22 were located? 22 you a couple of follow-up questions that came to mind 23 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, calls for 23 as you were answering questions yesterday and today, 24 speculation. It doesn't relate to U.S. operations. 24 and the first ones have to do with some clarifications 25 A. The position of Monsanto is what you asked? 25 on terminology. Just so I'm clear and perhaps the Page 290 Page 292 1 Q. (By Mr. Oaas) Right. 1 jury, if they ever look at this tape, is clear, when 2 A. Well - 2 you use the word Aroclor, is that a chemical substance 3 Q. Was it the position of Monsanto -- I'll -- 3 or is that a tradename of Monsanto's? 4 I'll ask it again. Maybe it will be clearer and maybe 4 A. Oh. It's a tradename derived from chemical 5 it's a bad question as far as being non-understandable, 5 expressions. 6 but was it the position of Monsanto, as you understood 6 Q. Okay. 7 it on March 10th of 1970, that Monsanto did not want 7 A. Aromatic describes chemicals that are like 8 the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in 8 the hexagon of biphenyl. 9 England to know who were the main users of PCBs and 9 Q. Right. 10 where they were located? 10 A. Those are called aromatic. 11 MR. MILLER: Object to the form, lack of 11 Q. Okay. 12 foundation. 12 A. Clor comes from chlorine. So the im -- 13 A. No, it wasn't. 13 impression that the word Aroclor leaves you with is it 14 MR. OAAS: Okay. Okay. I'm going to stop 14 -- it's an aromatic organic chemical, hydrocarbon with 15 there because I think it's about quarter after 1:00. 15 chlorine. 16 And for the record, I'm going to reserve questions that 16 Q. Okay. 17 I may have on Exhibit 67 and 68 when we reconvene. And 17 A. That's where the Ar -- the word Aroclor 18 I would like to take about a 30 second break if I may. 18 comes from. 19 MR. MILLER: Sure. 19 Q. Okay. But it is a name that was developed 20 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We're off the record at 20 by Monsanto, is that right? 21 1:19 p.m. 21 A. Yes. 22 (A short break was taken.) 22 Q. Okay. And it's also true, though, that not 23 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We are back on the record 23 all Aroclors are PCBs, right? 24 at 1:30 p.m. starting tape no. 5. 24 A. That is true. 25 25 Q. Okay. There are some Aroclors -- I think 37 (Pages 289 to 292) WATER PCB-SD0000017858 Page 293 Page 295 1 you mentioned 5460 -- that is not a PCB, it's a 1 understand from - from some of the documents and from 2 terphenyl, I think you described? 2 the way you answered questions that PCBs have been used 3 A. Terphenyl. 3 as plasticisers to give flexibility to paint, for 4 Q. Okay. Now, we've thrown out a -- you talked 4 example. Do you know when that first -- first came up 5 about a number of PCBs, one of them being 1254 and one 5 or how long that's been - that was done? 6 of them being 1260. I want to make sure I understand 6 A. I have no idea. It's -- 7 what that means when - for instance, Aroclor 1254, 7 Q. Okay. 8 what -- what makes it a 1254? 8 A. It started long ago. 9 A. Well, the 12 refers to the two hexagon 9 Q. Okay. But that was one of the things that 10 rings -- 10 Monsanto sold its PCB products for was to - as a 11 Q. Okay. 11 plaint -- a paint plasticiser? 12 A. - that are connected with one of the 12 A. Yes. 13 carbons. The two digit number that follows represents 13 Q. And were there a variety of different 14 the weight -- or percent by weight of the total 14 Aroclors that were used as plasticisers or was it just 15 chemical. So 54 is a -- 54 percent of that by weight 15 a few? 16 is chlorine. 16 A. Well, there was a variety. In every case 17 Q. Okay. And then a 1260, 60 percent by 17 they were, of course, liquids, and it ranged from the 18 weight -- 18 21 percent, 1221, through the 1232, 1242, 1250, 1254, 19 A. 60 percent. 19 1260. They were all the type of material that would 20 Q. Okay. And one of the other Aroclors that 20 give flexibility, and it depended on what the end user 21 I've seen reference to a number of times in the 21 was looking for. Was he looking for something very 22 documents is a 5460. Is that a blend of a 1254 and a 22 fluid or something very tarry, let's call it, very 23 1260 or is that just a -- something else? 23 inflexibility. 24 A. No. That's the terphenyl - 24 Q. Viscus? 25 Q. Right. 25 A. Very viscus. Page 294 Page 296 1 A. -- the 54, and then 60 percent chlorine. 1 Q. Okay. 2 Q. Okay. So if we see a reference to a 5460, 2 A. Uh-huh. 3 we can assume that that is not a PCB? 3 Q. And as -- just so I'm clear, as the 4 A. Correct. 4 percentage of chlorine goes up, the Aroclor becomes 5 Q. Okay. One of the other terms that got used 5 more viscus, more thick, is that correct? 6 quite a bit the last two days was the word 6 A. Yes. 7 plasticiser. In Mon -- in -- in your work with 7 Q. Okay. Now, I want to refer you to some of 8 Monsanto, what do you mean when you use the term 8 the documents that you answered questions about and 9 plasticiser? Can you describe that? 9 just ask you some follow-up questions if I could. 10 A. It is an -- an ingredient. Many times it's 10 A. Sure. 11 a pure chemical, and I use the word ingredient -- 11 Q. The first one is Exhibit No. 9, if you could 12 sometimes their mixtures that is added to other 12 find that. 13 chemicals which without this plasticiser would end up 13 A. I have it. 14 being brittle. 14 Q. And on the second page of that toward the 15 Q. Okay. So is the purpose of adding the 15 bottom -- and I -- I recognize that this is a document 16 plasticiser to give whatever the product is some added 16 that was put together in 1955, and you may not have had 17 flexibility -- or added -- flexibility, would that be 17 any involvement with this document, putting it 18 accurate or -- 18 together, did you? 19 A. Yeah. Different degrees of flexibility. 19 A. That's true. 20 Q. Okay. 20 Q. Okay. But on the second page toward the 21 A. There's some that are very flexible and some 21 bottom it -- it talks about the rate of migration of 22 just give it a little flexing. So the amount of 22 Aroclors in dry paint. Do you see that in the very 23 plasticiser added to that total mixture determines how 23 last paragraph? 24 flexible the final mixture is. 24 A. Yes, I found -- I see the word migration 25 Q. Do you know what -- well, first of all, I 25 now. I see. 38 (Pages 293 to 296) WATER PCB-SD0000017859 Page 297 Page 299 1 Q. From what you know about Aroclors as they're 1 Q. Okay. Okay. Well, that helps. 2 used in plasticisers and paint, once the paint dries, 2 The next document is Exhibit No. 23. 3 is it possible for the Aroclor to migrate out of the 3 A. I have it. 4 paint -- or what would have to happen for it to migrate 4 Q. If you could turn to page 8. The page 5 out of the paint? 5 numbers -- page numbers are on the bottom. 6 A. You'd have to heat it -- 6 Well, first of all, are you -- are you 7 Q. That's one way? 7 familiar with this document? Is this -- you might have 8 A. -- to mobilize it to help release it from 8 to look at the first page to see that. 9 its surroundings, so to speak. I can't think of any 9 A. Well, I recall seeing this document. 10 other way. 10 Q. It appears to be dated May of 1957. What-- 11 Q. So based on what you know about Aroclors, 11 A. Yeah. 12 were they intended to be relatively stable once -- once 12 Q. Were you with Monsanto in May of 1957? 13 the paint dried if they were used as a paint 13 A. Yes -- 14 plasticiser? 14 Q. Okay. 15 A. Definitely. Yes. 15 A. -- but I became aware of this document in 16 Q. Okay. What happens if a--if a surface is 16 1970 -- late -- late '60s at best. 17 painted with Aroclor containing paint, and then it's 17 Q. Now, what's the purpose of this document, to 18 painted over again with another type of paint? Is it 18 the best of your knowledge? 19 possible for the Aroclor to migrate that way -- or to 19 A. Customer information. 20 be re -- to be somehow re-suspended in any way? 20 Q. This is a marketing kind of -- 21 MR. MILLER: Let -- let me just object to 21 A. It's -- it's a promotion document. 22 the form of the question. It may call for speculation, 22 Q. Okay. Okay. So if you flip to page 8, and 23 and there's no foundation necessarily. 23 there's a table there. And do you see where it says 24 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Okay. Well, let me--let 24 formula 3 and then it has swimming pools in 25 me -- let me maybe start over again. You're familiar 25 parentheses. This is in the -- Page 298 Page 300 1 that paint was used with Aroclors in them, correct? 1 A. I see that. 2 A. Yes. 2 Q. Okay. Can you -- can you describe what that 3 Q. And if that paint surface was then 3 purpose -- if you know, do you know what the purpose of 4 re-painted with something else that didn't have 4 that table is? 5 Aroclors in it, is it -- do you know whether it's 5 A. The purpose of what? 6 possible for the Aroclors to somehow migrate that way? 6 Q. Of the table there. It -- it appears to -- 7 MR. MILLER: Same -- same objections. There 7 it says table 6, paint formulation for alkaline 8 may -- no -- be no foundation here. You haven't 8 surface. Do you know whether that is designed to help 9 established that. 9 a customer with some formulations? 10 A. It's possible that the new coating, the new 10 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 11 paint -- 11 A. The -- the intent is to have the reader of 12 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Right. 12 this sales bulletin get some idea of what has been used 13 A. -- has an ingredient in it that's a solvent 13 by others. 14 for the old coat -- 14 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Okay. 15 Q. Okay. 15 A. And it's really almost a recipe. 16 A. -- and it could soften that old coat and 16 Q. Right. 17 release the PCB, and that PCB could migrate into the 17 A. How much - how much of each of these 18 new coat. 18 ingredients do you add to that mixture? It still 19 Q. And are there certain chemical solvents that 19 doesn't tell you when do you add it and how much do you 20 would be more likely to do that than others? 20 stir it up or how much do you heat it and all of the 21 A. It all depends on the principle ingredient 21 other steps in the process. 22 in that first coat -- 22 Q. Okay. So where it says Aroclor 1254 in the 23 Q. Okay. 23 column under swimming pools -- 24 A. -- and what it responds to, like benzene and 24 A. Uh-huh. 25 ethyl alcohol, and all kinds of other chemicals. 25 Q. -- do you see where it says 4.4 there? 39 (Pages 297 to 300) WATER PCB-SD0000017860 Page 301 Page 303 1 A. I'm sorry? 1 some low end of the range? In other words, if it's, 2 Q. Do you see where it says -- 2 let's say,. 1 percent, would it -- if someone added . 1 3 A. Yes, I see that. Uh-huh. 3 percent of Aroclor, just dribbled a little bit in the 4 Q. Is it correct to say that that is 4 paint, would that have any plasticising properties? 5 Monsanto's, at least -- I don't know if we'd really 5 A. Well, your guess is as good as mine, but I 6 call it an instruction or if -- it's -- basically, does 6 would suspect that that would be like using a dirty pot 7 that 4.4 mean that's 4.4 percent by weight? 7 to put it in. 8 A. Yes. It all adds up to 100 percent at the 8 Q. Okay. And -- and let me give you some 9 bottom -- 9 foundation for why I'm asking the questions. In this 10 Q. Okay. 10 lawsuit, it involves a fish hatchery in Montana, and 11 A. -- by weight. This is all by weight. 11 there's been a variety of paint samples taken. Some 12 Q. Okay. And I guess what I'm wondering is if 12 samples have a lot of PCBs in them. Some have just a 13 somebody followed this recipe, for lack of a better 13 little bit of PCBs in them. And the reason I'm asking 14 word, and added 4.4 percent Aroclor -- 14 the question is - or what I'm trying to find out is if 15 A. Uh-huh. 15 you had a paint sample that had a small amount of PCBs 16 Q. -- is that what Monsanto was kind of telling 16 in it, would that more likely be because it was 17 the customer was necessary to give the paint a -- the 17 formulated that way or because it got there some other 18 plasticising properties that -- that are being 18 way or do you know? 19 marketed? 19 A. If the sample that you looked at to get the 20 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. There's no 20 amount -- 21 foundation for this document. 21 Q. Right. 22 A. It's not necessarily the only mixture that 22 A. -- was, say, a -- a flake of that paint, the 23 will fit that category, formula 3, but this is an 23 chances are good that that's what it - originally, but 24 example. 24 if your sample is -- what's the word I want? If the 25 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Okay. Thank you. I assume 25 sample is not typical of what's on that surface Page 302 Page 304 1 then - would it be fair to say that at some point 1 initially, you're going to get the wrong impression. 2 there is a - it's more of a range, that there might be 2 And by - and a sample that's not typical, that would 3 a low end of the range where you just - there's not 3 have to be exposed to different -- other materials to 4 enough Aroclor to really add any value to the paint and 4 change the recipe, if you will. 5 there's a high end of the range where it just doesn't 5 Q. Okay. Okay. That helps. Okay. If you 6 make sense to add anymore? Is that - would that be 6 look at document No. 26, do you remember that document 7 fair to say? 7 from -- 8 A. That is possible, yes. 8 A. Yes -- 9 Q. Okay. 9 Q. -- earlier? 10 A. Very possible, uh-huh. 10 A. - I do, uh-huh. 11 Q. And then would it be fair to say, also, this 11 Q. Okay. And the only question I have about 12 4.4 somehow falls into that range? 12 that is it discusses some levels in there at which fish 13 A. Yes. 13 died, and it says levels of 1 to 10 ppm for 1242 and 14 Q. Okay. Do you know how Monsanto - what it 14 1254. Do you see that? 15 did to derive this table? 15 A. I do. 16 A. Not specifically, but it had to come from 16 Q. Do you know whether that is a concentration 17 either Monsanto laboratory studies or customer 17 in the water or in the concentration of something that 18 feedback. 18 these fish might have ingested? In other words, 19 Q. Okay. Do you know, based on your knowledge 19 ingested as food. Can you tell from that document? 20 of Aroclors, at what low end would it no longer make 20 A. The document really doesn't clarify that 21 sense - what - what the low end of the range would be 21 except that the studies are always made in the 22 just roughly where Aroclors wouldn't give paint 22 contaminated water -- 23 plasticising properties anymore? 23 Q. Okay. 24 A. I -- I don't know. 24 A. - so with the -- that amount of PCBs 25 Q. Okay. But you would assume that there is 25 present, 1 to 10 parts per million, that would imply 40 (Pages 301 to 304) WATER PCB-SD0000017861 Page 305 Page 307 1 that the PCBs were pretty well dispersed in that water 1 Q. Okay. 2 either by agitation or movement of the aquarium in 2 A. There's -- it goes to someone else who makes 3 which the -- the fish are confined; otherwise, that -- 3 that paint. 4 eventually that PCB just settles to the bottom it's so 4 Q. Okay. And then if you could go to Exhibit 5 heavy. 5 No. 40. Do you know what year this document was 6 Q. Okay. So your assumption then is that this 6 drafted? 7 number refers to concentrations in the water? 7 A. I thought I saw -- there's a note here of 8 A. In the water. 8 1945. 9 Q. Okay. If you could look at document No. 33, 9 Q. Okay. And do you -- do you know what the 10 Exhibit 33. Do you see the paragraph that starts PCB 10 purpose of this document was? 11 is used in certain types of marine paints? 11 A. It's, again, advertising to the customer. 12 A. I see it. 12 Q. Okay. It's a Monsanto document to try and 13 Q. And then the next sentence says the 13 market material to its customers? 14 leachability of these paints is so low -- and it goes 14 A. Yeah, to -- to advertise it, to promote it. 15 on. Is it your understanding that the leachability of 15 Q. Okay. And if you go to page 18 of that 16 PCB containing paints is very low? 16 document, and do you see the section that says paints 17 A. Yes. 17 and varnishes? It's down in the lower right-hand -- in 18 Q. And why is that? Chemically, what is it 18 the right-hand column, page -- page 18. 19 about PCBs in paint that makes the leachability low? 19 A. 18? 20 A. Well, first of all, PCBs are not soluble in 20 Q. Yeah. Sorry. 21 water, so it's difficult to extract them out of the -- 21 A. Okay. Paints and varnishes, I see it. 22 the rest of the coating formulation, and -- 22 Q. And then if you flip over to page 19, it 23 Q. When you say PCBs are not soluble in water, 23 talks about Aroclors 4465 and 5460. I had asked you 24 just from a laymen's perspective, just somebody sitting 24 some questions a few minutes ago about Aroclor 5460. 25 in a jury, what -- what do you mean by that? 25 What is Aroclor 4465? Page 306 Page 308 1 A. Well, let me try to think of an example. Of 1 A. It's a mixture, as I remember, of Aroclor 2 course, you know sugar is soluble in water. 2 1242 plus Aro -- Aroclor 5460. 3 Q. When you mix it up, it dissolves? 3 Q. Okay. So would 4465 be a -- a PCB? 4 A. It gets -- you don't see it, but it's in 4 A. It's a got a PCB ingredient in it. 5 there. 5 Q. It does? 6 Q. Right. 6 A. Uh-huh. 7 A. Alcohol, if you poor it in water, it 7 Q. Okay. And then if you flip back to page 14, 8 dissolves. It gets diluted, spread out. With PCBs, 8 a few pages back. In that -- the -- in the first 9 they don't mix in water. 9 column there's a -- the second sentence says -- it 10 Q. Okay. So if the PCBs are used in paint, one 10 talks about Aroclors. It says the degree of 11 of the things that -- is it fair to say that one of the 11 flexibility imparted by the Aroclors diminishes 12 things that makes the paint attractive to a -- somebody 12 progressively in order of liquid Aroclor. 13 who is using the paint is the fact that the PCBs are 13 A. Where? 14 going to stay there and give it the qualities -- 14 Q. It's the second sentence in the first 15 it's -- it's not going to wash away with water? Is 15 column. Maybe just read that sentence. 16 that fair to say? 16 A. Okay. Uh-huh. 17 A. Exactly right. 17 Q. What I guess I want to understand is, just 18 Q. Okay. 18 so, you know, we can all understand how Aroclors work 19 A. That's the primary benefit. 19 is, as the percentage of chlorine goes up, does the 20 Q. And do you know, is that one of the reasons 20 hardness of the -- the chemical also go up, increase? 21 why, at least for a time, Monsanto marketed PCBs as a 21 A. Of the PCB? 22 swimming pool paint is because, obviously, it's going 22 Q. Yeah. 23 to be used in water and it was -- 23 A. Yes. 24 A. Well, I was not aware that Monsanto ever 24 Q. So - 25 marketed PCBs as a swimming pool paint. 25 A. It's not so much hardness as it is 41 (Pages 305 to 308) WATER PCB-SD0000017862 Page 309 Page 311 1 viscosity. 1 A. -- to disagree with it. 2 Q. Okay. So when this sentence -- the next 2 Q. Okay. And the 1.3 M pounds, I assume, does 3 sentence says the hardness of the resulting 3 that mean 1.3 million pounds, from what -- if you know? 4 compositions increases, what you're saying is that it 4 A. It's -- M with a bar on top is million. 5 becomes thicker? 5 Q. Okay. And that's what you understand to be 6 A. The hardness of the final product -- 6 1.3 million pounds? 7 Q. Okay. 7 A. Yes. 8 A. -- that includes other ingredients other 8 Q. Okay. 9 than the PCBs. 9 A. The first line there, uh-huh. 10 Q. Okay. And why would that be attractive to 10 Q. So just so I'm clear, would you understand 11 someone who is using these products, for instance, 11 the first sentence to mean in 1968, Monsanto sold 1.3 12 as -- as a paint application? 12 million pounds to the coatings market, and that's -- 13 A. A paint application -- an example would 13 A. Yes. 14 be -- let's use the road lane paint. 14 Q. Okay. The next document I would like you to 15 Q. Right. 15 take a look at is Exhibit No. 55, and I think it's 16 A. You want something that's long lasting; 16 right by your right hand there. If you look at page 21 17 therefore, you look for what we might at this point 17 of that document -- and what I'm using for page numbers 18 call the harder type paint. It's -- it's thicker. It 18 is -- it's numbered a couple different ways -- the 19 takes a little more effort to apply, but the sought- 19 actual page number that's in the lower left side. It's 20 after advantage is that it will last longer. It will 20 probably the original page number. If you look at page 21 just take that much longer for the rubber tires of cars 21 21. 22 to rub it off and -- 22 A. I find it -- I found it. 23 Q. So it won't -- won't have to be re-painted 23 Q. Okay. And this is similar to a table we 24 as often? 24 were talking about a couple of minutes ago. Is this 25 A. That's true. 25 also -- well, first of all, is this document also a Page 310 Page 312 1 Q. Okay. 1 marketing document that was -- 2 A. That's the purpose. 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. Now, I'm going to have you go to Exhibit No. 3 Q. Used? Okay. And it's -- on the cover it 4 49. And on this one you were asked some questions 4 says Technical Bulletin No. PL-306. That's a Monsanto 5 about pages 1 through 5 and the summary, but I'm 5 document that's given to customers, is that right? 6 actually going to ask you a couple of questions about 6 A. Yes. 7 page 19 of this. Do you see the -- paragraph no. 6 7 Q. Dining the 1960s? 8 where it says coatings there? 8 A. Yes. 9 A. Yes. 9 Q. And I think I -- I recall your testimony is 10 Q. Okay. And in that paragraph it identifies 10 you don't know how long in the 1960s this may have been 11 two customers of which I assume are Monsanto customers, 11 used, but it was used -- you do know it was used 12 two large customers. Do you have any personal 12 sometime during the 1960s? 13 knowledge of those two customers as being customers of 13 A. Correct. 14 Monsanto? 14 Q. Okay. And what is the general purpose of 15 A. Personal in what way? 15 this document? Is it -- 16 Q. I mean, based on your work with the Monsanto 16 A. I'm sorry? 17 Company, do you have any knowledge of the Sherwin- 17 Q. The general purpose of the -- the overall 18 Williams Company and Koppers buying a large quantity -- 18 document, what is it for? 19 A. I was made aware of that eventually, yeah. 19 A. It's to promote the use of the Aroclor 20 Q. Okay. And so do you believe it to be true 20 products to a potential customer or to a -- a customer 21 that the biggest direct customers in the coatings 21 who's already using one of the Aroclors, but could 22 market were Sherwin-Williams and Koppers? 22 replace it with another or a blend of a couple 23 A. Yeah, there's -- there's no reason for me 23 Aroclors. 24 to -- 24 Q. Okay. 25 Q. Disagree with that? 25 A. It all depends on how his workers or 42 (Pages 309 to 312) WATER PCB-SD0000017863 Page 313 Page 315 1 employees evaluate this information. 1 painted surface. It was the removal from that painted 2 Q. Okay. So if you look at the table on page 2 surface and transferring it out, such as car tracks on 3 21 there, is this also just an example that Monsanto 3 a traffic lane and moving it away from its original 4 was providing potential customers of a kind of a recipe 4 position to some other uncontrollable situation. 5 for different types of paint formulations? 5 Q. Do you know if Monsanto had any specific 6 A. Yes. 6 concerns about paint used in swimming pools that led to 7 Q. Okay. And if a customer wanted to deviate a 7 that decision? 8 little bit from that, that's certainly up to the 8 A. Well, yes, because even in that type of 9 customer, right? 9 application the -- the surface is abraded either in the 10 A. Certainly. Yes. 10 actual water action or the cleaning of the pool. 11 Q. And again, do -- do you know what Monsanto 11 Q. And when you say abraded, you mean -- I 12 did to produce these -- this example? 12 assume you mean paint chipping off and -- 13 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. Calls for 13 A. Sep -- separating it from its original 14 speculation. 14 surface. 15 A. I do not know how they came up with these -- 15 Q. Okay. Not the PCBs coming out of the paint, 16 I'm calling them recipes. 16 but the paint-- 17 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Okay. Now, if you look at 17 A. No, no. Ifs the whole paint chip or -- 18 Exhibit No. 65 -- are you there? 18 or -- or mixture. 19 A. I have it, yes. 19 Q. Okay. Was Monsanto aware of paint -- or 20 Q. Okay. And as I understand this document, 20 were you aware in your work with Monsanto of paint 21 it's a letter from Monsanto that went to Congressman 21 being used in fish hatcheries? 22 Ryan in about--at the end of June of 1970. Is that 22 A. I never personally heard of that, but -- 23 your understanding? 23 Q. Okay. Were you aware of -- I take it you 24 A. Yes. 24 wouldn't be aware then of paint used in fish hatcheries 25 Q. Okay. And at--at the bottom of the first 25 where the hatchery walls were scraped and the chips of Page 314 Page 316 1 page in paragraph 1 it seems to indicate that Monsanto 1 paint were washed into a river or anything like that? 2 made a decision that as of August 30th, what I assume 2 A. No. 3 to be 1970, that Monsanto was no longer going to be 3 Q. Okay. If you did know of something like 4 selling PCBs for plasticiser applications. Is that 4 that, would that be a concern to you? 5 your understanding? 5 A. Oh, yes. 6 A. Yes. 6 Q. Would you -- would -- would you regard that 7 Q. Okay.And to the best of your knowledge, is 7 as something that's not really something Monsanto would 8 that approximately when Monsanto did stop selling PCBs 8 expect their customers to do? 9 for plasticiser applications? 9 MR. MILLER: Object -- object to the form. 10 A. Yes. 10 There's no foundation. 11 Q. Are you familiar with what the reason was 11 A. Well, it depends again on the timing. Once 12 why Monsanto stopped selling PCBs for plasticiser 12 we found out how to analyze for PCBs and found them 13 applications? 13 present in the environment, then that would not have 14 A. The principlereason was that the 14 been acceptable, but if you go back to 1940, the 15 plasticiser applications were open to the environment. 15 Aroclors were considered a very attractive product, 16 They were not contained in equipment, for example, like 16 doing a wonderful job, no problems, but as we picked up 17 hydraulic fluids or heat transfer fluids, but these 17 more knowledge, you begin to see the problems. 18 were applications that resulted in a product that found 18 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Okay. The last question I 19 its way out there in the environment. Imme -- 19 want to ask you. In your work as an environmental 20 immediately it's used. 20 manager, would -- would you agree that the -- the -- 21 Q. Okay. Do you know whether Monsanto had any 21 kind of the state of awareness of environmental 22 specific concerns with dry paint -- PCBs migrating out 22 contamination -- people became more aware of that as a 23 of dry paint as one of the reasons for discontinuing 23 concern over time as -- especially during the 1970s? 24 the sale? 24 That's when people became really aware of environmental 25 A. It wasn't the migration of PCBs from a 25 contamination kinds of issues? 43 (Pages 313 to 316) WATER PCB-SD0000017864 Page 317 Page 319 1 MR. MILLER: Object to the form. 1 been reported by these researchers in Europe? 2 A. That continues to this day. 2 A. Definitely -- 3 Q. (By Mr. Brown) Right. But is that 3 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the -- 4 something that evolved over time, in other words? 4 A. Yes. 5 A. Yeah. The more information people or -- or 5 MR. OAAS: -- object to the form of the 6 societies get, the more sensitive they become to some 6 question as leading. 7 of these things that at one time might have been 7 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And is it your 8 perceived as harmless. 8 recollection, Mr. Papageorge, that some of that work 9 Q. Okay. So -- I'm sorry. I have to ask one 9 included obtaining some of the most sophisticated 10 more follow-up. So something that might have been 10 analytical tools then available at the time for that 11 acceptable as a practice in 1960 as more information 11 purpose? 12 was generated might not be acceptable anymore in 1970? 12 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 13 Is that fair to say from an environmental management 13 question as leading. 14 perspective? 14 MR. MILLER: I'll - I'll - you can - I'll 15 A. Yes. That's expectable. 15 accept a running objection to your leading. 16 MR. BROWN: Okay. Great. That's all of the 16 MR. OAAS: That's not allowed in Montana. 17 questions I have. Thank you. 17 You have to make them to the question. 18 THE WITNESS: Thank you. 18 MR. MILLER: I'm stipulating to the fact 19 MR. MILLER: If I can, we're -- we're going 19 that you don't have to keep doing it. 20 to break in a few minutes and reconvene, but I just -- 20 MR. OAAS: I can't do it. 21 I just wanted to start with five minutes worth of 21 Q. (By Mr. Miller) All right. Well, then 22 questions, if that's all right with everybody. I don't 22 you're going to have to wait until this counsel here 23 see the problem with that. 23 makes a redundant objection before you answer these 24 24 questions. 25 25 A. Okay. Page 318 Page 320 1 EXAMINATION 1 Q. It's gonna -- it's gonna mean that we're 2 BY MR. MILLER: 2 going to take a few more minutes to finish this, but 3 Q. Mr. Papageorge, my name is Adam Miller. I 3 that's what counsel has told me he intends to do. 4 represent Monsanto Company. For our purposes today, I 4 Were the analytical tools that we just 5 just want to ask you a few questions relating to some 5 mentioned available in the United States at the time? 6 of the topics that were addressed by other counsel 6 MR. OAAS: Object to form of the question as 7 today and yesterday. From what I understand, 7 leading. 8 Mr. Papageorge, is it your recollection that issues 8 MR. MILLER: It's not leading. 9 associated with the environmental persistence of PCBs 9 Go ahead. 10 really started with the information that came overseas 10 A. No. 11 from Sweden? 11 Q. (By Mr. Miller) How did Monsanto obtain the 12 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 12 analytical tools it used to verify the information that 13 question as leading. 13 was coming overseas from researchers like Jensen and 14 A. Yes. 14 Widmark? 15 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And were -- was that 15 A. Monsanto contacted Drs. Widmark and Jensen 16 information in part information obtained from the 16 and asked them where they purchased their equipment, 17 Swedish - Swedish res -- researchers that you 17 and Monsanto placed an order, and as I remember, it was 18 identified, Jensen and Widmark? 18 a German company, and we had to wait several months 19 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 19 before it was delivered. 20 question as leading. 20 Q. And around that time -- well, have you ever 21 A. Yes. 21 heard of a gentleman by the name of Risebrough? 22 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And Mr. Papageorge, was it 22 A. Yes. 23 your -- is it your recollection that when that 23 Q. And was he, to your recollection, a 24 information was obtained by Monsanto, that Monsanto 24 researcher from the University of California? 25 engaged in a series of activities to verily what had 25 A. Yes. 44 (Pages 317 to 320) WATER PCB-SD0000017865 Page 321 Page 323 1 Q. And was he also publishing around this time 1 A. I don't know what you mean by off-the-shelf. 2 reports of the environmental presence of PCBs in the 2 Q. (By Mr. Miller) In other words, did these 3 United States? 3 researchers and did Monsanto have to develop the 4 A. Yeah, but the timing is -- he was a little 4 analytical techniques to identify and quantify PCBs in 5 bit behind. I don't know what equipment he used, but I 5 the environment? 6 met with Dr. Risebrough at Berkeley. 6 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 7 Q. And did you also meet with Dr. Widmark in 7 question as leading. 8 Sweden? 8 A. Yes. 9 A. Yes. 9 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Your answer was yes to that 10 Q. And did you exchange during your meetings 10 question? 11 with Dr. Risebrough and Dr. Widmark the analytical 11 A. Yes. 12 information that Monsanto had been developing? 12 Q. And that's the kind of information, I take 13 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 13 it, that you would share with the researchers in 14 question as leading. 14 California and in Europe about the development of 15 A. Yes, we did. 15 analytical techniques? 16 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And did you attempt to 16 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 17 learn as much as you could from those researchers about 17 question as leading. 18 the work that they were doing? 18 A. Correct. 19 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 19 Q. (By Mr. Miller) All right. You began your 20 question as leading. 20 work in St. Louis in -- I think you mentioned early 21 A. Yes. 21 January of 1970? 22 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And would you 22 A. Yes. 23 characterize -- how would you characterize that 23 Q. And by that time, had Monsanto hired folks 24 exchange of information? Was it in the spirit of 24 like Scott Tucker, a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry to 25 mutual cooperation? 25 help develop and implement the techniques that we've Page 322 Page 324 1 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 1 just talked about? 2 question as leading. 2 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 3 A. Very much so. To me, it was a pleasant 3 question. 4 surprise how willing they were to exchange ideas. 4 A. Yes. 5 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And was Monsanto willing to 5 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Go ahead and answer again. 6 exchange ideas with those researchers? 6 A. Yes. 7 A. Very much. 7 Q. And also you had mentioned that shortly 8 Q. You had indicated that the analytical tools 8 after you began work in St. Louis that you assisted in 9 weren't available in the United States. Did Monsanto 9 the development of letters that were sent to customers? 10 work as quickly as it could to obtain the analytical 10 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 11 tools it needed to assess the environmental persistence 11 question as leading. 12 of PCBs? 12 A. Yes. 13 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 13 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Okay. And that you had 14 question as leading. 14 developed letters that went to potential customers of 15 A. For the first piece of equipment that we 15 Monsanto's plasticiser uses? 16 needed, yes. Later on, companies in this country 16 A. Yes. 17 started replicating, let's call it, the equipment, and 17 Q. And did the letters that you developed for 18 improving on it, also. 18 customers and potential customers also include 19 Q. (By Mr. Miller) To your knowledge, 19 customers and potential customers of Aroclors for all 20 Mr. Papageorge, were the techniques that were used by 20 kinds of uses, not just plasticiser uses? 21 Risebrough and Jensen and Widmark for assessing the 21 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 22 persistence or presence of PCBs in the environment 22 question as leading. 23 off-the-shelf kind of techniques? 23 A. The subjects included in those letters tried 24 MR. OAAS: Object to form of the question as 24 to cover the field, but the intent in both types of 25 leading. 25 letters was the same. 45 (Pages 321 to 324) WATER PCB-SD0000017866 Page 325 Page 327 1 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Was the intent to provide 1 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you communicating with 2 customers and potential customers of Aroclors the 2 organizations like the Federal -- the Food and Drug 3 latest information available to Monsanto and in the 3 Administration? 4 scientific press about the emerging science of finding 4 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 5 PCBs in the environment? 5 question as leading. 6 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 6 A. Yes. 7 question as leading. 7 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you communicating with 8 A. Yes. 8 the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration? 9 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And did you, in the course 9 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 10 of your work in the early 1970s in the preparation and 10 question as leading. 11 dissemination of those letters, send out information to 11 A. Yes. 12 customers and potential customers about toxicology 12 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Which was -- is now a part 13 studies and studies that were being conducted around 13 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency? 14 the world about finding PCBs in the environment? 14 A. That is correct. 15 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 15 MR. OAAS: Objection to the form of the 16 question as leading. 16 question as not being a question. 17 A. Yes. 17 MR. MILLER: There's a -- Chris will have a 18 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And is it your 18 question mark after that sentence in the record so 19 recollection, Mr. Papageorge, that those letters went 19 it - it will read as a question. 20 out in early 1970, shortly after you started your work 20 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you communicating with 21 at Monsanto in St. Louis? 21 organizations like the U.S. Department of Interior 22 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 22 during the course of 1970 about the environmental 23 question as leading. 23 persistence of PCBs? 24 A. When you say early, I'm not talking about 24 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 25 January, February, but -- 25 question as leading. Page 326 Page 328 1 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Well - 1 A. Yes. 2 A. -- in the first six months or so, as I 2 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you communicating with 3 remember. 3 organizations like the Fish Pesticide Research 4 Q. Well, you -- well, we'll -- we'll cover this 4 Laboratory in Columbia, Missouri during that time 5 next time. I'll show you the specific letters, but it 5 period? 6 wouldn't surprise you if you had letters dated February 6 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 7 of 1970? 7 question as leading. 8 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 8 A. Yes. 9 question as leading. 9 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you communicating with 10 A. It wouldn't surprise me, but -- 10 organizations like the Water Chemistry Laboratory at 11 Q. (By Mr. Miller) All right. I wanted to ask 11 the University of Wisconsin? 12 you -- during the course of 1970, before Monsanto 12 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 13 voluntarily withdrew the manufacture and sale of 13 question as leading. 14 Aroclors as plasticisers, were you, Mr. Papageorge, 14 A. Yes. 15 communicating with individuals in government about the 15 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And organizations like the 16 use of PCBs and their environmental persistence? 16 Fisheries Research Board of Canada during that time 17 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 17 period, Mr. Papageorge? 18 question as leading. 18 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 19 A. Yes. 19 question as leading. 20 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were your communications 20 A. Yes. 21 with organizations like the Bureau of Commercial 21 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Would that also be true for 22 Fisheries in the United States? 22 an organization called the Southeast Water 23 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 23 Laboratory -- 24 question as leading. 24 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 25 A. Yes. 25 question as leading. 46 (Pages 325 to 328) WATER PCB-SD0000017867 Page 329 Page 331 1 A. Yes. 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. (By Mr. Miller) -- which is now part of the 2 Q. (By Mr. Miller) In fact, Mr. Papageorge, 3 United States Environmental Protection Agency? 3 you attended meetings with all of those organizations, 4 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 4 isn't that correct? 5 question as leading. 5 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 6 A. That is correct. 6 question as leading. 7 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you communicating with 7 A. That is correct. 8 organizations like the Department of Animal Science at 8 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And at those meetings, did 9 Utah State University during this time period? 9 you share with these organizations the information that 10 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 10 Monsanto had obtained up to that point regarding the 11 question as leading. 11 affects of PCBs on wildlife and fish and the 12 A. Yes. 12 persistence of PCBs in the environment? 13 Q. (By Mr. Miller) Were you reporting your 13 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 14 findings and the science with folks like the Patuxent 14 question as leading. 15 Wildlife Research Centery -- Center which is part of 15 A. Yes. 16 the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife which is 16 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And I take it during this 17 part of the Department of Interior during this time 17 time period that the information that they had shared 18 period? 18 with you and that you had shared with those types of 19 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 19 organizations solidified in your mind the notion that 20 question as leading. 20 Monsanto ought to go out of the business of providing 21 A. Yes. 21 PCBs for uses such as in things like paint, is that 22 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And was it your 22 correct? 23 understanding during this time period that these kinds 23 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 24 of organizations, the ones that we've just mentioned, 24 question. 25 were doing -- doing their own independent research on 25 A. That is correct. Page 330 Page 332 1 the affects of PCBs in the environment on wildlife and 1 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And as I understand it, 2 the persistence of PCBs in the environment? 2 that occurred in - at the end of August in 1970? 3 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 3 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 4 question as leading. 4 question as leading. 5 A. They were. 5 A. That is correct. 6 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And did they communicate to 6 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And at that time -- or 7 you the nature of their research? 7 prior to that time, Mr. Papageorge, did any of these 8 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 8 organizations that we've just talked about, the USDA, 9 question as leading. 9 the Fish Pesticide Research Laboratory, the Fisheries 10 A. Yes. 10 Research Board of Canada, the Departments of Fisheries 11 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And were they looking, for 11 and Forestry, the Food and Drug Administration, the 12 example, at the affects of PCBs in the environment on 12 Department of Interior, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries 13 creatures like fish and birds? 13 and Wildlife, or the U.S. Bureau of Commercial 14 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 14 Fisheries, ever come to Monsanto, to your knowledge, 15 question as leading. 15 and say you need to stop selling PCBs for use as a 16 A. Yes. 16 plasticiser? 17 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And were you communicating, 17 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 18 Mr. Papageorge, with organizations like the U.S. Bureau 18 question as leading. 19 of Commercial Fisheries during the 1970 period about 19 A. I'm not aware of anything like that, no. 20 what you had been finding, the nature of the research 20 Q. (By Mr. Miller) In other words, your 21 results that you were obtaining and the methodologies 21 decision -- Monsanto's decision to go out of the 22 that were -- you were using regarding the environmental 22 business of selling PCBs as a plasticiser was a 23 presence of PCBs? 23 voluntary action taken by the company, is that correct? 24 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 24 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 25 question as leading. 25 question. 47 (Pages 329 to 332) WATER PCB-SD0000017868 Page 333 Page 335 1 A. That is correct. 1 was the Department of Interior? 2 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And to your understanding, 2 A. Yes. 3 there was no law or regulation or legislation that 3 Q. Now, you - are you aware, Mr. Papageorge, 4 required Monsanto to stop selling PCBs as a plasticiser 4 that in addition to the research that was being 5 in 1970, is that correct? 5 conducted by the organizations that we've already 6 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 6 mentioned, the FDA and the US EPA and the USDA and the 7 question. 7 Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Bureau and the Fish 8 A. That is correct. 8 Pesticide Research Lab and the Bureau of Commercial 9 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And if I understand the 9 Fisheries, that that research was in part being 10 information that you were shown by plaintiffs counsel 10 published in the scientific literature? 11 during the course of the deposition, Monsanto, as a 11 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 12 result of that voluntary action, essentially cut back 12 question as leading. 13 the production of PCBs roughly in half, is that 13 A. Yes. 14 correct? 14 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And you at Monsanto had 15 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 15 access to the published literature that was being 16 question as leading? 16 produced by these organizations during that time? 17 A. That is correct. 17 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 18 Q. (By Mr. Miller) So as I understand your 18 question as leading. 19 prior testimony, PCB -- or Aroclor sales were a 19 A. Yes. 20 profitable part of Monsanto's business at that time, is 20 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And certainly the 21 that right? 21 interdepartmental task force had access to that 22 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 22 literature? 23 question as leading. 23 A. Yes. 24 A. That is right. 24 Q. And the Bureau of Fish and Wildlife would 25 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And so what Monsanto did is 25 have had access to that liter - literature? Page 334 Page 336 1 essentially voluntarily cut off half of the profits it 1 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 2 was going to be making and half of the revenue it would 2 question as leading, vague. 3 be making from the sale of Aroclors entirely as a 3 A. Yes. 4 result of a voluntary action? 4 Q. (By Mr. Miller) In addition to the 5 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 5 literature that was being published in the scientific 6 question as leading? 6 community and the information that was being 7 A. That is correct. 7 disseminated through the report of the 8 Q. (By Mr. Miller) And you -- you mentioned 8 interdepartmental task force, you saw, I take it. 9 that you are familiar with the interdepartmental task 9 during your tenure at Monsanto in the early 1970s that 10 force on PCBs in the environment? 10 there were articles in the popular press, newspapers 11 A. I am. 11 like the New York Times and Time Magazine and Newsweek, 12 Q. And you've looked at a report that 12 about the environmental persistence of PCBs? 13 plaintiffs counsel showed you dated May of 1972? 13 MR. OAAS: Objection to the form of the 14 A. Yes. 14 question as leading. 15 Q. And that report summarized what was known in 15 A. Yes. 16 the community -- the scientific community at that time 16 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We have approximately one 17 regarding the hazards of PCBs and their presence of -- 17 minute of tape left. 18 presence in the environment, as you understood it? 18 Q. (By Mr. Miller) I take it -- my last 19 A. Yes. 19 question, Mr. Pap -- for today, Mr. Papageorge -- and 20 Q. And you understand that that 20 we'll go through this in more detail when we're 21 interdepartmental task force was made up of a number of 21 together next time, but you would kind of have to have 22 federal agencies within the United States Government? 22 been living under a rock in 1970-71 not to be aware of 23 A. That is correct. 23 the environmental persistence of PCBs, isn't that 24 Q. And is it your understanding that one of the 24 correct? 25 organizations within the interdepartmental task force 25 MR. OAAS: Object to the form of the 48 (Pages 333 to 336) WATER PCB-SD0000017869 Page 337 Page 339 1 question as leading. 1 2 A. That is -- 2 3 MR. BROWN: And I join in that objection. 3 I, WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE, do hereby state that the 4 A. -- correct. 5 MR. MILLER: All right. 6 MR. OAAS: It's also insulting to the 4 foregoing statements are true and correct to the best 5 of my knowledge and belief. 6 7 _____________________________ 7 Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the William Papageorge 8 people who operated the fish hatchery at the time, and 8 9 irrelevant and malicious, and that's all I have. 9 10 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We are off - 10 11 MR. OAAS: I want to offer, for record for 12 the -- the deposition - plaintiffs Exhibits 1 through 13 68. I move that they be made a part of the record of 14 the deposition. 11 Subscribed and sworn to before me thisday 12 of, 2006. 13 14 15 MR. MILLER: I don't think you have to move 15 Notary Public 16 for that, but they're made part of the record. 16 17 THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We are off the record at 17 My Commission expires: 18 2:30 p.m. ending tape no. 5. 18 19 (Wherein, the taking of the videotaped 20 deposition concluded.) 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Page 338 1 CERTIFICATE 1 2 3 I, Christopher C. Wiegers, Certified Court 2 3 4 Reporter, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that pursuant to agreement 4 5 between the parties, the aforementioned witness came 6 before me at the time and place hereinbefore mentioned, 7 and having been duly sworn to tell the whole truth of 5 6 7 8 his knowledge touching upon the matter in controversy 9 aforesaid; that he was examined on the day, and his 8 9 10 examination was taken in shorthand and later reduced to 10 11 printing; that signature by the witness is reserved and 12 said deposition is herewith forwarded to the taking 11 12 13 attorney for filing with the Court. 13 14 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my 14 15 name this 10th day of July, 2006. 15 16 16 17 18 17 18 19 20 19 21 20 21 22 Christopher C. Wiegers 23 24 25 22 23 24 25 WILLIAM PAPAGEORGE NAME OF DEPONENT DEPOSITION CORRECTION SHEET Re: Marty Paulson, et al., vs. Monsanto Chemical Company, n/k/a Pharmacia, et al., No. DV-2004-55 Reported By: Christopher C. Wiegers Upon reading the deposition and before subscribing thereto, the deponent indicated the following changes should be made: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: Page Line Should read: Reasonassigned for change: ________________________________ SIGNATURE OF DEPONENT Page 340 49 (Pages 337 to 340) WATER PCB-SD0000017870 1 2 3 July 10, 2006 4 HUSCH & EPPENBERGER, LLC 5 Adam Miller, Esq. 190 Carondelet Plaza, Suite 600 6 St. Louis, Missouri 63105 7 8 Re: Marty Paulson, et al., vs. Monsanto Chemical Company n/k/a Pharmacia, et al., No. DV-2004-55 9 10 Dear Mr. Miller: 11 Enclosed is the transcript of Mr. William 12 Papageorge's deposition testimony given on June 28, 2006. Please have Mr. Papageorge review the 13 transcript, make any corrections, and return one copy ofthe corrections as well as the signature page 14 directly to Torger S. Oaas, Esq. Ifthe transcript is not signed within thirty days, the original transcript 15 may be filed with the Court as if signed. 16 If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact me. 17 18 Respectfully, 19 20 Christopher C. Wiegers 21 22 ccw Enclosures 23 24 25 Page 341 50 (Page 341) WATER PCB-SD0000017871 Page 1 A abatement 152:1 205:20 able 171:1,2 193:7 227:21 289:5 above-captioned 149:24 abraded 315:9,11 abrasion 205:8 absence 234:25 accept 212:8,15 213:11 213:19,23 319:15 Acceptability 159:10 acceptable 316:14 317:11,12 accepted 246:7 access 168:11 335:15 335:21,25 accident 160:7 accommodate 235:18 accurate 175:10 180:10 196:4 197:14 201:18 210:2 226:13 279:3 281:16,24 294:18 accurately 274:21 acid 185:25 186:6,10 186:12,15 187:16,19 187:21 acidity 188:17 acids 185:18 271:17 acquainted 273:9 276:23 act 286:17 action 170:11 175:20 184:20 197:3 202:13 202:20 215:1,10 315:10 332:23 333:12 334:4 actions 202:12 activities 228:14,15 318:25 activity 154:18 182:4 acts 242:23 actual 311:19 315:10 acute 219:18 Ad 151:25 152:3 201:13,19 202:4,8,10 203:9 208:8 211:11 214:24 217:4 219:4 Adam 150:14 190:1 318:3 341:5 add 300:18,19 302:4,6 added 224:25 283:10 294:12,16,17,23 301:14 303:2 adding 294:15 addition 173:9 335:4 336:4 additional 173:2 address 227:24 addressed 178:18 289:10 318:6 addressee 283:10 adds 301:8 adequacy 207:24 adequately 223:10 adhesion 256:11,16 adhesives 195:19 administered 153:13 Administration 273:19 273:20 327:3,8 332:11 adult 219:17 advantage 309:20 advertise 307:14 advertising 307:11 advise 215:25 advised 177:1 affect 186:16 aforementioned 338:5 aforesaid 338:9 afternoon 149:18 234:23 age 230:14 agencies 334:22 agency 180:23 181:16 327:13 329:3 agent 242:24 agents 184:21 agitation 305:2 ago 166:6 295:8 307:24 311:24 agree 161:16 165:6 195:7,25 196:13 197:6,8 201:1 204:3 205:4,10 206:22 208:3 211:11 218:21 219:8,13,21 220:4,18 220:25 221:7,8 224:10 237:25 238:9 238:16,25 240:24 254:4,9 258:6 275:1 283:14 316:20 agreeable 234:17,21 agreed 177:7 202:18 218:16 234:12,15 agreement 220:22 338:4 Agriculture 152:22 288:17 289:19,20 290:8 Agriculture's 289:9 ahead 164:4 191:16 214:17 216:18 227:14 280:6 282:17,19 287:8,11 320:9 324:5 air 163:6 229:6 230:6,7 230:7,10 al 196:10,11 340:4,5 341:8,8 Alabama 190:17 alarm 276:9 alarming 197:2 alcohol 298:25 306:7 aldrin 243:10,22 alive 246:16,17 alkalies 184:17 alkaline 300:7 alleged 155:16,19 210:19 allegedly 165:3 allow 234:17 allowed 319:16 aluminum 255:22 257:3,23 ambiguous 281:2 282:4 America 206:17 amount 167:9 195:20 196:8 210:9 255:16 294:22 303:15,20 304:24 amounts 165:2 171:2 195:22 ana 229:18 analyses 167:18 analysis 152:10 227-20 245:7 analytical 151:14 160:23 167:21 171 22 229:18 231:19 289:2 319:10 320:4,12 321:11 322:8,10 323:4,15,24 analyze 316:12 analyzing 162:9 ANGUS 148:4 149:4 animal 196:12 329:8 Anniston 157:19 158:1 159:22 160:10 163 6 193:4 201:17 annual 274:18 annually 195:5,18,24 answer 157:8 189:13 191:13,17 192:5 214:9 216:17 220:15 239:23 281:17 282-1 319:23 323:9 324:5 answered 295:2 296:8 answering 281.13,19 281:22 291:23 ' Anti 154:10 anti-fouling 154:5,6,8 154:10,14,21 155:2,6 ants 243:2 anybody 178:5 237:9 276:15 283:9 anymore 302:6,23 317:12 anyway 228:8 apologize 190:9 204 22 282:20 app 247:1 apparent 195:22 196:7 apparently 167:7 171:19 172:22 179:14 180:3 190:16 233:15 247:17 248:22,22 252:5 274:1 appear 168:20 197:24 275:18 276:19 APPEARANCES 150:1 appeared 165:3 179:10 228:22 249:7 274:4 appears 162:10 164:11 165:12,13,23 172:6 176:15,20 178:12 181:24 183:3 192:11 194:8 195:3 198:11 199:23 215:8 216:25 219:2 222:7 227:23 228:9,21 231:6 232:13,22 236:2,14 236:15 244:19 257:21 260:15 276:5 285:4 288:16 299:10 300:6 application 151:19 175:23 183:10 205:6 247:1,6 248:1,4,24 249:16,25 250:23 251:9 252:18 259:18 262:12,14 279:2 289:13 309:12,13 315:9 applications 175:21 183:7 239:17 241:12 245:8,25 262:1 278:2 289:14 314:4,9,13,15 314:18 applied 168:16 250:7 269:9 271:15 applies 187:12 apply 258:25 309:19 appreciate 175:7 242:5 approach 215:2 appropriate 157:3 236:20 approval 180:6 approve 166:7 approved 179:17 180:2 approving 179:11 180:23 181:11,16 approximately 314:8 336:16 April 162:1 163:20 244:21 248:25 275:24 aquarium 305:2 aquatic 208:19 220:17 Ar 292:17 area 161:5,8 276:10 areas 161:7,14 203:22 206:16 223:5 238:6 289:1,14 argument 272:15 arising 181:25 Aro 247:20 308:2 Aroclor 151:25 152:2,9 152:14 155:20 166:22 167:9,14,24,25 168:1 168:1 169:16 171:2,3 177:1,16 180:24 185:24 187:5 188:13 192:22 193:12,12 198:8 200:6 201:13 201:19 202:4,8 205:10 217:3 233:6,7 240:18 242:17,17 243:1,8,12,23 245:7 245:12,22,22 246:25 247:6,13,14,20 249:12,22 250:18 251:7,21 252:5,8 255:21 257:2,22 259:6 260:17,23 261:12 262:9 266:10 266:12,15,20 271:23 276:7 292:2,13,17 293:7 296:4 297:3,17 297:19 300:22 301:14 302:4 303:3 307:24 307:25 308:1,2,12 312:19 333:19 Aroclors 170:20 175:21 183:6 184:20 188:7 193:8 202:21 205:14 239:18 241:12 242:9 245:16 271:24 292:23 292:25 293:20 295:14 296:22 297:1,11 298:1,5,6 302:20,22 307:23 308:10,11,18 312:21,23 316:15 324:19 325:2 326:14 334:3 aromatic 292:7,10,14 article 152:17 198:5 207:21 232:5 233:5 235:23 274:2 articles 336:10 Asia 206:16 aside 212:20 235:9 asked 166:6 192:3 202:9 220:12 282:25 286:7 289:25 307:23 310:4 320:16 asking 156:24 158:3 209:16 303:9,13 aspects 218:25 asphalt 271:16 assess 322:11 assessing 322:21 assigned 158:23 183:12 340:9,11,12,14,15,17 340:18,20,21,23 Assistant 229:17 WATER PCB-SD0000017872 Page 2 275:20 276:20 277:2 assisted 324:8 associate 155:1 associated 318:9 Association 289:11 assume 187:8 205:9 294:3 301:25 302:25 310:11 311:2 314:2 315:12 assuming 187:5 193:6 assumption 248:15 305:6 assured 231:18 ate 175:5 Athens 273:19,21 atmosphere 270:18 attached 232:21 264:2 attacks 271:17 attempt 321:16 attend 194:17 attended 331:3 attention 153:22 164:22 182:20 190:23 191:2 195:1 196:21 199:20 200:18 207:9 210:13 211:23 217:12 222:20 223:13 228:21 264:15 266:9 267:21 269:7 276:2,4 277:18 attorney 338:13 Attomey/Client 216:22 attractive 306:12 309:10 316:15 attribution 212:23 August 151:24 198:15 314:2 332:2 author 164:11 177:25 199:1 authored 176:16,16 178:12 232:14 284:10 authorize 178:5,7 available 167:19 225:6 319:10 320:5 322:9 325:3 average 198:8 avoid 287:23 aware 182:14,16 201:22 209:24 222:22 255:17 259:4,16,17 261:10 262:7 263:2 268:20 269:1,14,14 269:25 270:8,20 271:20 284:15 299:15 306:24 310:19 315:19 315:20,23,24 316:22 316:24 332:19 335:3 336:22 awareness 316:21 a.m 189:17,20 221:15 221:18 B B 177:11 203:20 211:4 217-15 baby 229:7 back 153:3,21 157:16 169:14 189:19 221:17 233:3 235:1,18 280:5 283:12 285:17 288:7 290:23 308:7,8 316:14 333:12 background 155:21 195:2 203:14 bad 290 5 bag 272:18 bakeries 270:12,12,15 Bakery 270:13 Bald 217 25 banned 286:19 banter 280:5 Baptist 190:18 bar 311:4 base 266:10,15 268:24 based 154:19 156:16 175:22 269:15 297:11 302 19 310 16 basic 224:25 basically 185:24 186:15 3016 basis 219:18 bath 187:16 battery 187:18 Bay 203:24 BC 177:11 BCC 177:14 began 323:19 324:8 beginning 159:13 176:25 204:4 begins 191:4 195:14 288-22 behalf 148:15 150:2,13 150:21 178:6,7 beings 248:10 Belgium 227:25 228:10 belief 339:5 believe 156:5 157:21 161:22 162:3 169:1 176:3 177:20 182:14 194:15 197:13 201:16 224-15 226-13 274'5 275:10 277:10,19 288:14 310:20 believed 211:12 belonged 169:5 benefit 306:19 benzene 242:25 298:24 Bergen 151:21 166:5,7 166:9,10,16 192:13 Berger 150:6,7 Berkeley 321:6 BERRY 150 17 best 172:16 175:18 202:11 208:18 209:2 299:16,18 314:7 339:4 better 220:8 271:3 301:13 beyond 211:8 big 155:18 190:2 239:4 bigger 159:15 biggest 310:21 Bill 157:8 177:14 215:7 billion 167:9,25 168:1,2 200:5 bins 174:21 269:21,22 bio 209:6 bioaccumulation 209:6 209:14 biocides 229:14 biodegraded 193:8 biological 154:1 biologically 210:9 biomagnification 209:6 209:12,12,14 210:4,6 210:8 biopsy 163:15 Biotest 194:13,16 biphenyl 227:22 265:20 292:8 biphenyls 173:3 195:4 222:23 223:1 229:21 238:5,21 265:24 277:23 278:1,24 279:1 283:14 birds 203:18 219:17 330:13 bit 187:17 190:8 213:4 220:9 294:6 303:3,13 313:8 321:5 blend 265:17,24 293:22 312:22 blind 177:12 blocked 226:16 blood 269:11 blows 272:18 Board 328:16 332:10 boat 266:20 boats 266:16,20 Bob 194:14 boiling 184:22 185:13 bomb 188:14 boss 158:9 bosses 158:4,9 bottom 166:18 167:23 168:14 177:10 186:8 196:21,22 199:6 217:8,13 249:19 267:22 270:11 288:21 296:15,21 299:5 301:9 305:4 313:25 box 150:4,7,18,23 190:25 break 189:18 190:1 221:12,16 225:1 233:25 234:11 290:18 290:22 317:20 breaks 190:7 Britain 203:22 212:5 228:15 231:8,25 British 230:10 brittle 294:14 broad 155:8 220:9 broadens 206:16 broadest 160:2 broadly 155:8 brothers 230:15 249:7 brought 167:18 Brown 150:22 151:4 291:2,3 297:24 298:12 300:14 301:25 313:17 316:18 317:3 317:16 337:3 BROWNING 150:17 Brussels 227:25 228:9 Buehler 150:9,10 bullet 163:12 274:12,15 bulletin 151:19 152:9 183:10,13 240:5,12 240:16,21 241:11 260:8,16 300:12 312:4 Bureau 326:21 329:16 330:18 332:12,13 335:7,8,24 BURLEIGH 148:4,4 149:4,4 business 245:24 246:8 246:10 291:11 331:20 332:22 333:20 Butadiene 266:5,6 buying 310:18 B-e-r-g-e-n 192:13 B.T 160:20 C C 148:19 149:21 217:15 338:3,22 340:6 341:20 calculate 166:20 167:8 167:11,13 California 207:20 320:24 323:14 call 212:19 214:4 217:9 236:18 260:7 295:22 297:22 301:6 309:18 322:17 called 159:15 164:17 178:23 192:17 232:23 237:11 246:11 250:13 262:10 286:6 291:4 292:10 328:22 calling 248:15 313:16 calls 194:22 200:11 205:25 214:2 223:23 225:11 237:2,13 247:9 248:5 250:5 251:14 262:18 287:4 289:23 313:13 Canada 206:14 328:16 332:10 Candy 270:6 capacity 178:15 204:13 207:2 209:16 211:19 222:12 244:24 253:18 259:3 280:17,18 car 187:18 315:2 carbon 195:19 carbons 293:13 careful 285:21 Carl 152:17 273:9 Carolina 263:16 Carondelet 149:20 150:15 341:5 carrier 250:1,24 251:9 carry 210:22 211:1 cars 309:21 Carson 233:11 Carson's 233:22 cartons 256:22 case 155:16 190:17,19 228:6 240:14 295:16 cases 180:22 218:11 category 155:9 197:21 262:2 281:2 301:23 Catheter 248:19 catheters 248:23 249:1 cattle 173:12 175:5 cause 148:7 149:7,22 276:9 causing 223:3 caustic 271:17 cautious 224:13 ccw 341:22 cease 285:1 ceased 179:6 213:19 ceiling 269:9 270:6 Celsius 170:13 Center 229:17 329:15 Centery 329:15 Centigrade 188:14 certain 149:22 164:24 169:22 218:14 223:6 223:15 225:22 298:19 305:11 certainly 172:2 177:2,3 216:3 275:7 313:8,10 335:20 CERTIFICATE 338:1 Certified 148:19,20 149:22 338:3 CERTIFY 338:4 chance 150:18 222:2 271:4 chances 191:24 303:23 change 304:4 340:9,11 WATER PCB-SDOOOO017873 Page 3 340:12,14,15,17,18 340:20,21,23 changes 287:21 340:8 Chapman 249:20 characteristics 188:23 characterization 170:2 characterizations 228:4 characterize 321:23,23 charged 238:14 chart 246:25 Chem 250:16 Chemagro 250:13,16 250:17 chemical 148:9 149:9 159:16,18 164:20 187:14 222:14 232:24 249:20 266:13,16 272:8 289:10 292:2,4 292:14 293:15 294:11 298:19 308:20 340:4 341:8 chemically 214:5 305:18 chemicals 162:9 164:18 168:16 169:7 224:21 224:24 225:19 238:22 292:7 294:13 298:25 chemist 162:6 169:5 187:13 chemistry 151:14 229:18 231:20 323:24 328:10 Chicago 223:1 chip 315:17 chipping 315:12 chips 315:25 chlorate 186:12 chlordane 243:10,22 Chlorin 266:2 chlorinated 227:21 242:15,20 261:2 262:10 266:3 277:23 277:25 278:24,25 283:14 chlorine 292:12,15 293:16 294:1 296:4 308:19 choice 162:21 chose 158:6 chosen 215:11 Chris 235:19 327:17 Christopher 148:19 149:21 338:3,22 340:6 341:20 chromatogram 230:9 chromatographs 229:16 chronic 219:19 Chronicle 207:21 Church 190:18 cigarette 256:22 circulating 196:9 Citrus 269:22 City 149:20 claims 231:17 clar 175:7 clarification 280:21 clarifications 291:24 clarify 304:20 clarifying 175:8 Clark 152:20 284:11 clean 270:12 271:15 cleaning270:17 315:10 clear 291:25 292:1 296:3 311:10 clearer 290:4 clearly 223:2 277:10 Clor 292:12 close 196:11 199:22 203:24 205:7 217:17 222:23 241:20,20 250:25 270:7,14 closely 158:12 229:22 289:4 coast 174:6 217:16 246:19 coastlines 203:21 coat 165:24 298:14,16 298:18,22 coating 156:11,20 174:21 180:23 253:22 257:3,23 259:6 266:20 298:10 305:22 coatings 152:12 181:15 255:22 256:15 258:4 258:5,25 266:10,15 266:16 267:3,9 310:8 310:21 311:12 colleague 190:10 colon 166:20 colorful 271:15 Columbia 150:21 291:4 291:5,9 328:4 column 246:25 247:1,1 247:2,25 300:23 307:18 308:9,15 combination 266:12 come 182:20 288:7 302:16 332:14 comes 284:25 292:12 292:18 coming 315:15 320:13 comma 208:4 277:22 comment 194:11 comments 272:22,23 285:21 commercial 223:4 237:19 253:3 326:21 330:19 332:13 335:8 Commission 339:17 committee 151:25 152:3 201:14,19 202:5,8,10,19 203:10 203:16 208:8 211:12 214:24 217:4 218:12 219:4 common 237:19 285:9 commonly 266:11 289:4 communicate 330:6 communicated 208:12 communicating 326:15 327:1,7,20 328:2,9 329:7 330:17 communications 279:15,16,17,19 282:5 326:20 community 334:16,16 336:6 companies 148:11 149:11 284:25 322:16 company 148:9 149:9 152:8 158:19 159:16 168:15 172:12,14,14 190:18 216:21 222:15 236:4 250:13 252:1 255:8,20 259:5 261:3 262:8 268:23 272:4,6 272:8 283:2 287:14 291:4,11 310:17,18 318:4 320:18 332:23 340:5 341:8 comparable 196:13 compared 243:3 comparing 215:9 compiling 161:1 complete 170:7 194:2 207:15 218:11 226:13 264:7 276:7 completed 189:22 234:14 component 177:17 composing 282:10 compositions 309:4 compound 200:1,9 compounds 196:8 200:4 211:7 217:25 243:23 concentrate 208:19 concentrated 186:9,14 187:15 concentration 186:2,3 304:16,17 concentrations 305:7 concept 209:6 concern 165:23 316:4 316:23 concerned 219:21 285:5,7 286:21 concerning 173:17 180:14 205:21 229:8 279:4 concerns 165:22 314:22 315:6 concerted 201:5 220:10 concluded 191:9 218:12 337:20 conclusion 193:10,11 212:20 214:3,4 conclusions 196:23 221:1,8 concrete 155:17,22 156:11 157:2 271:16 condition 270:16 conducted 169:20 325:13 335:5 conference 222:25 confidential 198:19 216:21 245:3,6 288:22 confined 305:3 confirmed 174:16,17 174:20 175:9 207:23 207:24 218:2 confirming 175:12 confused 179:24 254:13 congressman 275:7,10 275:22 276:15,21 278:21,22 313:21 connected 293:12 Connecticut 217:16 consider 157:3 248:13 252:23 266:25 considerations 219:3 considered 154:22 155:23 156:11 157:12 200:10 247:7 252:22 252:23 254:5,10,20 254:21 258:7 261:25 262:16,21 316:15 consist 229:20 consistent 159:21 construction 172:17 consumers 264:20 279:12 280:1,10 consumption 166:5 180:25 181:13 253:23 254:5 contact 341:16 contacted 320:15 contacting 181:7 contain 200:2 219:2 contained 155:18,22 156:10 157:1 173:14 174:22 179:12 180:3 183:17 200:5 261:24 262:10 279:13 280:2 280:10 314:16 containing 165:24 174:7 179:18 180:16 180:24 181:12 243:10 243:22 253:21 262:15 297:17 305:16 contains 198:18 226:9 230:3 contaminant 203:25 204:10 contaminants 195:25 218:13 contaminated 192:1 304:22 contamination 172:24 173:4 199:22 204:16 204:23 205:3 206:18 212:3,16 213:9,20 274:23 316:22,25 continue 189:23 191:9 191:15 221:21 234:13 285:25 continued 201:6 202:20 202:25 217:23 continues 210:10 317:2 continuing 217:20 218:6 234:24 235:1 contradicted 193:20 contradicting 193:23 contribution 172:23 173:3 225:3 contributions 276:10 control 157:7,21 158:2 158:14,18 159:20 160:6,12 171:24 176:3 177:20 178:16 180:13 181:9 182:3 182:12 200:19 201:20 202:3 212:12 213:17 220:3,25 223:10 227:9 229:11,24 230:19 233:21 237:23 238:7,15,24 243:18 244:24 253:19 254:21 255:18 259:4,9,16 260:21 261:11 263:3 268:21 271:21 277:6 278:2 279:2,10 280:18 327:8 controlled 175:24 controversy 338:8 convenience 253:16 conversations 291:20 convinced 285:17 Cooper 253:7 cooperation 321:25 copied 167:1 277:9,11 277:14 copies 275:18 Copolymers 266:6 copy 159:5 177:12 231:12 237:11 263:12 284:6 341:13 corner 168:15 191:1 236:12 257:12 276:4 278:16 WATER PCB-SD0000017874 Page 4 corporation 203:4 correct 155:24 161:16 162:1,2 163:4,5,10 165:25 166:1 169:2 170:22,24 171:4,8 172:8,9 174:4 175:25 176:4,17,18,22,23 177:21,23,24 178:13 178:14,16,17 183:4,5 183:7,8,18 184:3,10 184:13,17,18,24 185:2,13,15,23 186:16,17,20 187:7 191:12,13 192:14 193:5,6 194:13 197:16,21,22 198:2,3 200:24 203:2,18,19 204:13 206:10 207:2 207:3,7,8 209:3 211:1 211:17,20,21 212:5,6 215:12 216:23 217:4 217:5 218:15 222:17 222:18 228:10,11 229:25 230:1,20,20 231:10,11,13,14,22 232:1,8 233:1,2 236:9 236:14 240:5,6,9,10 240:15,18,19 241:13 241:14 243:19 244:4 244:5,17,21,22,25 245:1,3,4 247:14,18 247:21 249:14,20,23 249:24 250:14 251:23 251:24 252:9 253:11 253:12 257:24 258:6 261:3 262:17,20 265:16 266:6,7 268:15,18 275:8 276:24 277:1,7,8,13 278:3 284:8,20 294:4 296:5 298:1 301:4 312:13 323:18 327:14 329:6 331:4,7,22,25 332:5,23 333:1,5,8,14 333:17 334:7,23 336:24 337:4 339:4 CORRECTION 340:3 corrections 341:13,13 corrective 197:3 correctly 165:4 166:23 168:3 181:1 184:23 188:18 191:7 197:4 199:12 200:6 201:7 202:22 203:1,5 206:20 208:1,23 212:9 213:12 218:14 223:11 233:13 243:4 244:1 250:14 271:18 274:24 286:21 289:16 corresponding 278:21 corrosion 266:14 cost 198:8 counsel 215:25 226:9 318:6 319:22 320:3 333:10 334:13 count 161:12 counted 161:12 counting 161:16 countries 203:23 country 161:5 322:16 County 148:1 149:1,24 couple 291:22 310:6 311:18,24 312:22 course 179:2 215:10 295:17 306:2 325:9 326:12 327:22 333:11 Court 148:1,19 149:1 149:22,23 338:3,13 341:15 cover 312:3 324:24 326:4 covered 155:8 159:14 159:16 278:1 279:1 covers 162:15,18 cow 177:5 cows 174:23 175:6 Craig 150:9,10 create 175:24 created 158:11 236:15 creating 223:5 creation 217:1 creature 210:9,10 creatures 330:13 Creek 155:18 crops 238:5 241:23 242:7 243:15 250:4 251:12,16 cu 240:23 Cumming 152:7,10 232:14,14 244:20 246:4,21 260:12 customer 172:18 198:9 246:25 247:18 248:20 248:25 249:8,20 250:12 251:4,6,18 252:1 253:7 255:9,13 284:19 299:19 300:9 301:17 302:17 307:11 312:20,20 313:7,9 customers 158:8 181:7 199:24 204:17,24 205:3 210:20,24 224:2 240:13,14,23 241:11 245:25 253:20 253:21 268:23 277:23 278:23 283:6 284:16 285:6 287:3 289:12 307:13 310:11,11,12 310:13,13,21 312:5 313:4 316:8 324:9,14 324:18,18,19,19 325:2,2,12,12 cut 282:20 333:12 334:1 C-u-m-m-i-n-g 232:15 I) D 217:16 daily 190:10 270:17 dairy 163:17,21 178:1 damage 187:17 210:19 damaged 267:12 Daniel 150:17 dash 177:14 218:11,11 256:17 data 151:19 183:10 195:2 date 162:1,12,23 163:20,23 167:7 168:13,23 176:3 184:2 205:21 216:25 216:25 222:13 226:16 232:7 234:16 236:10 236:10 237:14 241:6 255:25 263:12 283:17 284:7 dated 165:13 167:24 173:1 183:23 194:13 240:9 244:21 260:14 275:24 276:21 289:10 299:10 326:6 334:13 day 149:16,18 167:21 281:4,5,5 317:2 338:9 338:15 339:11 days 166:13 294:6 341:14 DDT 196:13 227:19,20 229:23 233:22 dealing 205:2 253:10 dealt 161:2 Dean 160:20 dear 176:25 341:10 death 152:2 154:2 debate 289:3 decade 241:1 December 222:13 240:9 decide 233:12 decision 287:23 314:2 315:7 332:21,21 decorative 156:20 decrease 215:5 defendant 150:21 271:3 291:6 DEFENDANTS 148:12 149:12 150:13 define 285:7 Definitely 297:15 319:2 definitions 219:12 220:8 degenerating 154:13 degraded 195:23 degree 187:14 308:10 degrees 170:13 188:8 188:14 270:18 294:19 delivered 320:19 Denver 218:2 department 148:10 149:10 156:25 160:22 162:7,8 176:17 198:12 237:6 279:17 280:11 327:21 329:8 329:17 332:12 335:1 337:7 Departments 332:10 depended 295:20 depending215:10 depends 283:16 298:21 312:25 316:11 deponent 340:2,7,24 deposition 148:14 149:15 153:1,17 190:17,19 191:2 234:17,23,25 235:14 236:7 333:11 337:12 337:14,20 338:12 340:3,7 341:12 derive 302:15 derived 292:4 describe 170:3 202:12 210:5 294:9 300:2 described 157:9 174:2 186:1 247:11 283:22 293:2 describes 292:7 describing 228:13 282:24 designates 252:13 designed 300:8 desist 285:1 despite 248:15 destroy 198:22 destructible 189:7 191:21 detail 336:20 details 201:25 detected 163:2 175:6 182:15,25 185:10 detection 162:12,23 determine 167:12 202:12 274:21 determined 175:14 176:8 determines 294:23 develop 167:20 323:3 323:25 developed 292:19 324:14,17 developing 321:12 development 188:16 202:25 323:14 324:9 deviate 313:7 died 304:13 dieldrin 243:10,22 die-away 192:17 different 167:15 215:1 225:25 258:17 294:19 295:13 304:3 311:18 313:5 difficult 305:21 digit 293:13 diluted 306:8 diminishes 308:11 direct 164:22 190:22 191:2 194:25 196:21 207:9 210:17 222:19 223:13 264:14 267:21 276:2 277:17 283:5 289:6 310:21 directed 153:22 161:23 172:10 245:2 directing 199:20 200:18 217:12 228:21 269:7 directly 179:22 180:21 280:9 341:14 Director 158:25 159:12 165:19 182:13 212:13 213:18 215:15 220:14 221:9 222:8 224:11 237:24 238:8,15,24 255:19 260:21 268:22 271:21 279:11 280:19 dirty 303:6 disagree 195:7 196:1 196:14 197:6 220:18 224:10 254:4 310:25 311:1 disappears 193:12 disclose 286:8 287:2 289:12 disclosing 285:23 discontinuance 181:14 discontinue 215:2 discontinuing 314:23 discovering 232:25 discuss 216:7 discussed 160:7 231:16 240:11 271:11 discusses 304:12 discussing 202:1 discussion 203:14 289:1 discussions 160:5 209:24 dish 200:1,3,9 217:25 dispersed 305:1 displayed 253:1 disruption 223:3 disseminated 336:7 dissemination 236:16 237:1 325:11 dissolves 306:3,8 distinguished 269:3 distributed 237:6 WATER PCB-SD0000017875 Page 5 DISTRIBUTORS 148:11 149:11 District 148:1 149:1,23 divided 166:15 division 164:18,20 168:16 169:8,9 200:20,22,23 201:4 203:4 document 152:2,14,15 152:16 160:16 161:4 168:23 169:15,18 171:13 179:21 203:8 205:22,23 216:21,23 217:1 242:1 255:25 256:3 258:22 259:2 263:21 264:1,8,9 278:11 296:15,17 299:2,7,9,15,17,21 301:21 304:6,6,19,20 305:9 307:5,10,12,16 311:14,17,25 312:1,5 312:15,18 313:20 documented 223:2 documents 235:8 264:11 293:22 295:1 296:8 DOE 148:10 149:10 doing 180:13 224:3 253:25 316:16 319:19 321:18 329:25,25 domestic 197:15,20,20 198:1 dose 219:19 Dr 151:16 160:22 162:6 162:10 169:6,20 171:1 176:16,24 177:8 226:22 227:12 229:8 231:13 232:1 321:6,7,11,11 drafted 307:6 Drake 270:15 draw 210:13 211:23 266:9 276:4 drawing 215:3 drawn 214:23 221:1 dribbled 303:3 dried 297:13 dries 297:2 drinking 165:25 drop 251:3 dropped 250:24 Drs 320:15 Drug 327:2 332:11 dry 296:22 314:22,23 DRYER 148:20 duly 338:7 duplicate 197:12 253:14 dusted 238:5 242:7 duties 159:21 duty 256:22 DV-2004-55 148:7 149:7 340:5 341:8 D.K 151:10 160:19 D.V.N 152:6 231:6,9 D.W 178:18 I E 150:6,7,14 eagle 229:4 eagles 203:24 218:1 earlier 166:13 253:14 304:9 early 157:22 227:7 231:5 261:20 273:15 323:20 325:10,20,24 336:9 east 174:6 easy 271:15 ecological 207:12 208:1 208:4 economic 223:4,4 ecosystem 196:9 educated 160:4 education 159:22 160:3 Edward 164:10 effect 240:21 264:6 effective 242:14 effects 154:1 197:1 210:21,25 efficiently 197:2 effort 199:25 201:6 264:7,10 309:19 eight 149:17 either 178:1 184:21 220:18 262:16 302:17 305:2 315:9 electric 200:3 217:25 elevators 269:21 eliminate 286:18 embracing 233:10 emerging 325:4 Emmett 231:13 employed 176:20 273:16 employee 164:16 222:9 232:18 employees 162:16 194:21 313:1 en 268:14 Enclosed 341:11 Enclosures 341:22 encompassed 169:9 encouraging 289:3 ended 182:14 212:14 engaged 318:25 engineer 268:10 engineering 187:14 England 290:9 enormous 285:2 entering 195:22 entire 158:18 170:18 206:13 230:3 241:1 entirely 334:3 entitled 183:6 190:17 205:19 210:14 216:21 268:14 274:2,9 entity 208:9 228:13 Envir 255:18 environment 160:4 161:2 172:24 173:4 191:22 195:21,23 199:16 203:11 205:10 207:22 210:11 211:8 212:24 218:14 222:25 223:3,11 232:25 237:21 266:22 267:5 267:11 274:22 314:15 314:19 316:13 322:22 323:5 325:5,14 330:1 330:2,12 331:12 334:10,18 environmental 152:1 157:7,21 158:1,14,18 158:25 159:12,17,20 159:23,25 162:13,23 163:2 171:24 176:3 177:20 178:16 180:13 181:9 182:2,12,13 195:25 197:1 201:20 202:3 204:16,23 205:3,20 212:12,14 213:17,18 220:2,14 220:25 221:9 224:11 227:9 229:11,24 230:19 233:21 237:23 237:24 238:7,8,15,15 238:24,25 244:24 253:19 254:20 255:18 255:19 259:3,9,15 260:21,22 261:11 263:3 268:21,22 271:21,21 274:4,23 277:6 279:10,11 280:18,19 316:19,21 316:24 317:13 318:9 321:2 322:11 326:16 327:13,22 329:3 330:22 336:12,23 EPA 222:8,17 273:25 335:6 EPA's 222:25 epoxy 238:13 Eppenberger 149:19 150:14 341:4 equal 242:16 equally 229:22 equipment 269:10 270:14 314:16 320:16 321:5 322:15,17 escape 195:20 223:10 225:17 especially 206:14 316:23 Esq 148:15 150:4,7,10 150:14,17,22 341:5 341:14 essentially 188:23 333:12 334:1 establish 236:5 established 244:3 278:3 279:3 298:9 esters 224:24 225:22 estimate 196:4 et 196:10,11 340:4,5 341:8,8 ethyl 298:25 Europe 206:14,16 227:25 228:9,12,16 228:18 319:1 323:14 ev 259:4 evaluate 313:1 evaluation 243:25 eventual 224:3 eventually 175:24 227:20 261:18 272:7 273:24 282:11 285:17 286:5 305:4 310:19 everybody 317:22 evidence 164:5 188:16 197:1 206:17 211:6 217:23 evidenced 185:11 evidently 286:20 evolved 317:4 ex 196:22 exact 193:2 Exactly 306:17 examination 151:3,4,5 153:5 291:1 318:1 338:10 examined 149:16 230:11 338:9 example 180:23 199:25 224:24 243:16,17 265:8 295:4 301:24 306:1 309:13 313:3 313:12 314:16 330:12 excellent 270:16 Excerpt 151:20 excerpts 230:4 exchange 289:2 321:10 321:24 322:4,6 exclude 281:3 excludes 282:4 excluding 279:15,19 excuse 166:10 204:21 240:21 247:14 252:22 263:7 267:13 275:13 275:19 277:24 279:8 283:24 284:10 exhibit 153:1,20,23 156:18 159:5 160:14 160:15,24 161:11,13 161:19,21,23 164:7,9 164:11,23 165:8,9,10 168:5,7,8,14 169:8 170:25 171:4,7 172:3 172:5,6 176:12,14 178:10,11 182:7,9,17 183:1,2,14,18 185:11 186:20,22,24 188:1,3 190:14,15,23 192:7,9 192:10,11 193:24 194:5,7 195:1,13 196:19 197:11,12,13 197:13 198:4,11 201:9,11 202:15 203:15 204:8 205:17 205:18 206:9 210:13 215:17,20,21,23,25 216:1,2,4,17 217:7,13 221:2,23,24,25 222:3 222:5 226:6,7,9,12,17 227:2,23 228:20 230:21,24 231:1 232:3,6,7,8 233:4 235:14,21,22,24 236:3,11,25 237:18 239:3,4,7,12,23 240:2 240:3,3,3 244:14,15 244:16 246:23 253:13 253:14,17 254:24 255:2,6 256:3 257:1 258:13 260:1,2,5 261:5 262:23 263:8,9 264:3,13,15 265:9,14 266:2 267:14,17,19 268:14 270:24 272:24 272:25 273:2,4,5,6 274:8 275:3,6,6 277:10,14,18 283:23 283:25 284:7 288:3,5 288:11,12 290:17 296:11 299:2 305:10 307:4 310:3 311:15 313:18 exhibits 151:8 156:18 226:14 235:9 275:17 337:12 exist 191:10 existence 178:3 182:22 201:22 259:22 existing 167:20 223:9 expanded 274:20 expect 316:8 expectable 317:15 expensive 242:15 experience 158:7 181:19 experiences 287:20 experiment 169:19 170:2 171:14 172:1 expertise 219:24 220:17 WATER PCB-SD0000017876 Page 6 experts 223:2 expires 339:17 explain 165:2 exports 286:21 exposed 210:11 304:3 exposure 219:18 270:17 expression 154:8,10,14 155:7,8 162:14 189:6 expressions 292:5 extended 242:15 extender 243:13 extenders 243:25 Extensiveness 206:10 extent 237:15 extract 305:21 Extraction 169:15 extremely 286:16 e.g 230:7 E.S 169:2 I F 275:7 face 220:19 facilities 179:12,19 facility 270:2 279:17 280:23 fact 155:10 171:14 181:21 191:19 223:2 253:25 262:13 284:5 285:5 306:13 319:18 331:2 Factory 270:6 facts 274:19,20 Fahrenheit 188:8 270:18 failure 223:9 224:8 fair 208:13 223:19 236:18 302:1,7,11 306:11,16 317:13 falls 302:12 familiar 165:12 182:19 194:8 201:18 202:4 224:23 231:25,25 233:21 236:2 275:7 286:4,5 291:10 297:25 299:7 314:11 334:9 family 230:12 far 194:3,3 208:12 215:25 233:6 278:3 279:7 290:5 farmer 178:1 farms 163:17,21 Farrar 167:1 fat 163:15 fatty 208:20 fault 278:15,16 FDA279:16 335:6 February 207:19 325:25 326:6 fed 173:13 federal 180:23 200:2 222:21 273:20 327:2 327:8 334:22 feed 175:1,3 feedback 302:18 feel 153:15 216:16 239:24 286:20 felt 158:9 224:12 FELTON 148:3 149:3 Fergus 148:1 149:1,24 field 152:23 181:5 324:24 figures 197:14 filed 341:15 filing 338:13 final 294:24 309:6 find 171:1,2 176:25 195:15 205:21 220:21 234:16 253:19 296:12 303:14 311:22 finding 161:2,13 325:4 325:14 330:20 findings 193:20 207:22 231:18 329:14 finds 233:8 fine 154:9 226:18 234:1 280:16 finger 187:15,17,18 finish 213:7 214:9 269:9,20 270:5,16 282:18,19 288:8 320:2 finished 153:20 198:22 234:4 272:16 finishes 262:25 firm 226:14 227:24 228:5 first 153:11 158:6,13 159:19 162:20 163:12 163:19,23 164:5 171:7,15 172:21 180:22 182:11 184:16 190:25 193:15,16 195:1,2,13 196:7 201:13,14 202:15 203:14 208:25 209:1 211:5 213:12 216:1,6 216:8,10,12,20 217:6 217:9 222:20 226:10 226:15 227:5,25 228:25 232:6,8,8 233:3 236:3 238:20 240:2 246:23 250:12 256:10 264:15 275:24 284:22 291:24 294:25 295:4,4 296:11 298:22 299:6,8 305:20 308:8,14 311:9,11,25 313:25 322:15 326:2 fish 148:10 149:10 154:2 156:25 161:13 163:8 199:10,11 203:18 208:17,19,25 209:7,14 210:5 217:15 219:18 229:4 233:9 243:2 280:11 303:10 304:12,18 305:3 315:21,24 328:3 330:13 331:11 332:9 335:7,24 337:7 337:8 Fisheries 152:22 288:18 289:20 290:8 326:22 328:16 329:16 330:19 332:9,10,12 332:14 335:7,9 fishing 223:4 fit 181:18 225:19 262:1 301:23 five 190:7 200:3,5 208:21 216:1,6,8,10 216:12 222:21 229:7 230:14 317:21 flake 303:22 flakes 175:2 flame 252:19,21 flammable 188:21 flex 225:2 flexibility 225:4 294:17 294:17,19 295:3,20 308:11 flexibilizing 266:11 flexible 225:1 294:21 294:24 flexing 294:22 flies 243:2 flip 299:22 307:22 308:7 floor 262:25 263:5 271:9,12,14,24 floors 156:21 Florasynth247:17 248:6 Florida 161:8 173:24 174:1 175:17 178:2 262:5 flow 191:23 fluid 195:19 295:22 fluids 166:12,16 215:16 314:17,17 foil 255:22 256:17,18 256:22 257:3,23 folks 323:23 329:14 follow 158:11 180:13 209:3 234:15 followed 171:20 180:18 301:13 following 191:5 197:18 208:18 209:1 246:24 249:6 276:6 340:7 follows 293:13 follow-up 291:22 296:9 317:10 food 152:22 180:24 268:25 269:2 288:18 289:20 290:8 304:19 327:2 332:11 food-processing 268:10 footnote 166:19 force 279:18,18 334:10 334:21,25 335:21 336:8 foregoing 339:4 forenoon 149:18 Forestry 332:11 forever 191:22 forget 193:2 form 154:23 155:25 156:14 157:5 159:24 163:22 167:10,11 169:24 170:12 171:17 175:11 179:20 180:5 185:3,14 186:21 189:1 194:22 200:11 202:10 205:25 207:14 212:18 213:22 219:9 219:23 220:5,16 221:5 223:23 225:7 233:17 237:2,13 240:25 241:25 242:11 244:7 247:9 248:14 249:2 250:5 251:13 252:25 255:24 257:25 258:9 261:14 262:18 264:22,25 265:11 266:23 267:6 287:4 287:10 289:23 290:11 297:22 300:10 301:20 313:13 316:9 317:1 318:12,19 319:3,5,12 320:6 321:13,19 322:1,13,24 323:6,16 324:2,10,21 325:6,15 325:22 326:8,17,23 327:4,9,15,24 328:6 328:12,18,24 329:4 329:10,19 330:3,8,14 330:24 331:5,13,23 332:3,17,24 333:6,15 333:22 334:5 335:11 335:17 336:1,13,25 formation 188:17 formula 299:24 301:23 formulated 303:17 formulation 166:22 179:11,17 180:3 181:11 257:2 262:9 300:7 305:22 formulations 243:9,12 243:21,21 256:16 265:16 300:9 313:5 formulators 174:13 forth 280:5 fortified 243:1 fortifier 266:13 forwarded 338:12 fouling 154:12,12 found 163:1,20 186:19 187:6 192:2 195:16 196:13 200:1 203:17 203:21 217:24 227:19 228:24 229:3,4,4,6,20 230:6,12,13 289:4 296:24 311:22 314:18 316:12,12 foundation 171:18 219:10,24 241:1 262:19 264:25 266:24 290:12 297:23 298:8 301:21 303:9 316:10 founded 261:15 four 186:7 200:3 221:1 256:16 fourth 199:4 230:5 238:19 frame 169:12 182:23 197:23 198:1 217:20 218:7 220:13 224:16 225:21 226:1,4 263:4 273:13,17 275:15 277:5 Francisco 207:21 free 239:24 fresh-looking 270:13 front 169:15 192:18 198:18,21 199:4 221:25 226:16 239:7 239:9,10 240:17 260:15 261:8 265:9 fruit 269:20,21 full 204:13 211:19 263:12 fumes 160:6 function 224:22 functional 166:12,16 215:16 fur 229:5 furniture 264:21 265:1 265:10 further 274:23 289:2 fuss 190:2 future 234:16 G G152:17 GARLINGTON 150:22 gas 229:15 230:9 gathered 240:12 general 182:22 209:11 240:12 241:11 242:8 242:10 275:20 276:20 WATER PCB-SD0000017877 Page 7 277:2 285:9 291:20 312:14,17 Generally 258:11 generated 317:12 gentleman 192:13 194:12 320:21 geographical 289:14 Georgia 173:24 174:1,6 175:17 178:2 199:10 217:15 273:21 German 320:18 getting 160:4,12 girl 230:14,16 give 154:7 159:5 192:4 225:5,12 236:25 271:16 285:21 287:8 287:11 294:16,22 295:3,20 301:17 302:22 303:8 306:14 given 236:21 240:22 312:5 341:12 gives 225:3 giving 177:12 190:19 263:12,14 global 196:9 203:25 204:5,10 go 153:16,21 157:16 160:14 161:19 164:4 164:7 165:8 168:5,12 169:14 172:3 175:20 176:12 177:10 178:10 182:7 183:1,20 184:4 187:22,25 190:13 191:16 192:7 193:24 195:12 196:6,18 197:11 198:4 199:3 200:17 201:9 204:7 204:15 205:17 206:8 208:13 210:12 211:5 211:22 214:17 215:17 215:23 216:18 217:6 218:24 219:15 220:23 226:6 227:14 230:2,4 230:21 232:3 235:4,5 235:8 237:17 238:3 239:3 241:7,15 243:7 244:14 247:4,16 248:18 251:25 253:6 253:13 254:24 255:2 256:10,25 257:5,14 258:12 260:1 261:5 262:3,22 263:7,8 265:13 267:13,17 269:6,6,19 270:10,23 271:12 272:12,24 273:3 274:7 275:3 278:9,10,18 280:6 282:17,19 283:2,12 283:23 287:8,11 288:3 307:4,15 308:20 310:3 316:14 320:9 324:5 331:20 332:21 336:20 goes 171:11 174:12 184:19 199:19 202:19 205:1,6 215:25 229:13 230:11 238:11 242:14 243:20 256:21 286:15 296:4 305:14 307:2 308:19 going 181:13 186:7 190:5 204:9 205:22 208:16 214:14 216:7 217:9,22 230:2 233:3 233:25 234:6,13,14 235:4,7,8,20 239:5,6 244:7 247:4,16 250:11 260:7 262:24 264:12 266:3,8 270:4 271:13 272:14,19,21 274:16 276:14 278:19 288:6,6,8,25 290:14 290:16 304:1 306:14 306:15,22 310:3,6 314:3 317:19 319:22 320:2 334:2 Golden 269:22 Golly 225:16 gonna 271:13 285:18 285:18 288:7 320:1,1 good 153:7,8 189:15 303:5,23 gotten 237:11 government 179:10,17 179:22 180:2,6,15 181:11 200:2 222:21 279:21 286:6,17 326:15 334:22 grade 198:9 grain 172:17 173:13 great 153:19 203:22 212:5 228:15 231:8 231:25 239:4 257:17 317:16 greater 233:8 Greensboro 226:15 group 162:8 165:20,20 166:12,13 167:5,6 169:6,20 171:1 202:9 215:16 224:24 229:20 245:15,16,19,24 246:8,10,14 284:12 284:13 grower 272:18 guess 194:15 246:2 277:11 287:7,8,12,13 301:12 303:5 308:17 guessing 168:25 Gulch 150:18 Gulf 161:9 199:11 217:16 Gustafson 152:17 273:9 II H 218:1 hair 229:6 230:11,13 230:15 half 204:18 268:9 333:13 334:1,2 halfway 221:20 Halvorson 252:1,4 hand 191:1 235:7 257:11 311:16 handled 237:5 handling 160:1 handmade 215:4 handwriting 267:22 handwritten 167:23 270:25 271:1 hang 191:20 Hanley 152:4 222:8 Hanley's 222:12 happen 187:15 214:25 215:9 297:4 happens 297:16 hard 174:11 242:24 harder 309:18 hardness 308:20,25 309:3,6 Hardy 152:6 231:7,9 231:15 harm 223:4 harmful 157:12,15 harmless 317:8 Harris 152:16 HARRY 148:3 149:3 hatcheries 315:21,24 hatchery 154:2 155:17 155:18 156:12,14 157:2 303:10 315:25 337:8 HAUGEN 148:3 149:3 hazard 223:6 232:24 hazards 334:17 head 166:11 167:5 169:14 176:17 222:16 228:17 236:6 240:2 240:17 246:12 267:16 headed 165:20 169:6 271:7 heading 154:1 168:15 184:11,15 196:22 202:16,24 203:8 204:16,23 207:5,11 211:24 217:23 218:10 218:25 239:17 240:17 241:13,17 242:14 243:8 256:14 261:6 266:2 274:9 288:22 headquarters 236:7 health 222:24 223:5 heard 246:17 291:9,13 291:18 315:22 320:21 heat 187:23 188:4,5 297:6 300:20 314:17 heavy 256:21 305:5 held 215:14 Helena 150:19 help 202:10 266:4 297:8 300:8 323:25 helped 225:16 helps 299:1 304:5 Henry 152:5 Hercules 255:7,20 256:4,15 257:1,22 259:5,11 261:2,11 262:8 268:23 271:2 271:22 272:2,7,8 hereinbefore 338:6 hereunto 338:14 herewith 338:12 Herman 172:11 hesitate 167:17 195:9 341:16 hesitation 196:2 Hess 180:25 181:3 hexachloride 243:1 hexagon 292:8 293:9 high 184:21 191:9,15 195:22 302:5 highest 197:25,25 highlighted 247:5 highly 238:22 highway 205:7,15 266:16 267:2,4 Hill 190:17 hired 323:23 Hoc 151:25 152:3 201:13,19 202:4,8,10 203:9 208:8 211:11 214:24 217:4 219:4 Hold 212:17 Holmes 196:10 home 232:19 243:16 HON 148:8 149:8 hope 177:2 233:10 host 282:4 hour 189:22 234:2 235:4,9 hours 149:17 186:9 187:16 house 238:12 288:18 household 200:10,15 238:13 247:8,11 248:4,13 252:22,24 253:2 254:6,8,10,22 256:18 258:7,21 261:25,25 262:16,16 262:21 264:21 265:10 Hoven 150:17,17 234:12,22 Howard 166:5,7,9 Huh 272:5 287:9 human 163:15 166:4 180:25 181:13 220:17 222:24 248:10 249:5 253:23 254:5 humans 233:9 humid 270:17 Husch 149:19 150:14 341:4 hydraulic 195:19 314:17 hydrocarbon 292:14 hydrogen 186:12 hydrol 184:21 hydrolyzing 184:21 hydroxide 184:23 185:13 H.S 151:21 192:13 I Idaho 291:12 idea 177:4 210:1 225:5 225:9,10 295:6 300:12 ideas 322:4,6 identification 153:2 218:13 235:15 identified 162:3 165:16 169:2 176:16 231:7 244:21 251:18 252:1 253:7 268:17 318:18 identifies 310:10 identify 160:19 164:10 164:13 165:17 169:1 181:3 227:21 230:9 232:17 251:22 255:7 284:11 323:4 identity 214:5 229:19 iffy 196:17 II 148:17 111206:9 Illinois 275:11 im 224:6 292:12 image 203:3,3 211:5 Imme 314:19 immediate 197:3 immediately 314:20 imparted 308:11 implement 323:25 implication 284:18 implied 238:21 259:14 implies 154:11 220:17 imply 304:25 implying 224:6 important 228:7 importing 284:16,16 284:25 285:6,24 287:3 imports 286:7,18 impression 166:5 214:25 224:9 285:22 287:17 292:13 304:1 WATER PCB-SD0000017878 Page 8 improving 322:18 inch 188:15 incident 154:2 173:10 173:11,12 174:3,19 176:7 incidentally 256:2 286:18 incidents 175:22 include 242:9 244:9 280:20 324:18 included 163:11 166:13 183:14 228:14 232:20 319:9 324:23 includes 309:8 including 155:11 170:23 incomplete 169:25 170:13 263:20 incorporation 242:16 increase 210:10 215:4 308:20 increases 309:4 incredible 165:1 independent 251:2 329:25 indestructible 188:24 189:8,9,11 INDEX 151:1 indicate 157:14 185:24 197:13 245:22 248:3 257:21 285:4 314:1 indicated 175:23 186:10 224:16 248:21 322:8 340:7 indicates 184:16 185:17 188:7 194:11 197:17 198:18 206:13 216:20 231:13,24 240:4,18 241:10 247:24,25 248:2 249:11 250:2,12 251:1 277:11 284:5 284:15,23 indicating 203:16 246:25 indication 163:19 individual 172:11 176:20 180:11 209:16 215:3,6 227:18 INDIVIDUALLY 148:5 149:5 individuals 326:15 indoor 263:5 industrial 194:13,15 203:21 industrialized 203:22 Industries 289:11 industry 159:18 222:22 inflexibility 295:23 inform 283:1 information 157:14 168:11 171:16 172:22 173:2 178:2 179:14 179:15,16 180:2,9,14 181:1 182:20 183:17 198:19 206:24 210:22 211:1 229:7,23 230:18 231:21 237:5 239:25 240:12 276:15 286:8 299:19 313:1 317:5,11 318:10,16 318:16,24 320:12 321:12,24 323:12 325:3,11 331:9,17 333:10 336:6 informed 180:11 261:18,22 ingested 304:18,19 ingredient 155:2 255:21 257:23 260:24 261:13 263:5 294:10 294:11 298:13,21 308:4 ingredients 258:18 300:18 309:8 initially 227:21 273:18 304:1 initiated 223:7,15 inquiry 173:7 283:9 insect 243:9,12,14,21 insecti 243:13 insecticide 241:19 243:13,25 249:25 250:3,6,9,24 insecticides 241:22 242:6,15 243:14 244:9 insects 243:15 inside 174:21 insofar 219:20 instance 254:16 280:11 293:7 309:11 Institute 229:18 231:19 instruction 301:6 Instruments 248:19 insulting 337:6 intended 180:24 282:23 297:12 intends 320:3 intent 181:19 285:20 300:11 324:24 325:1 intention 285:23 interdepartmental 279:18 334:9,21,25 335:21 336:8 interest 176:11 239:5 273:3 interested 160:25 171:25 interesting 248:24 interfering 227:20 interior 165:24 166:3 253:22 268:25 270:5 279:17 327:21 329:17 332:12 335:1 Intermediates 159:16 interpreted 224:1 interrupt 214:9 investigated 256:15 investigation 180:14 206:15 218:11 involved 160:12,22 161:5 162:9 171:3 172:16 175:3 178:23 206:17 220:7 258:24 281:4 282:10 involvement 157:6 211:24 296:17 involves 206:13 303:10 involving 227:19 in-plant 205:1 irrelevant 337:9 issue 158:11 279:12 issued 189:2 277:22,24 278:23,24 280:9 283:13 issues 157:7 158:23 159:17 316:25 318:8 item 163:12,16 274:15 items 274:12 IV 207:5 J J 148:3 149:3 150:17 Jacob 180:25 181:3 January 191:4,8,8 289:10,15 323:21 325:25 Japan 286:19,20 Japanese 284:17 285:1 285:6,17 286:16 Jen 233:16 Jensen 207:6,25 227:12 229:17 230:5,7,11 231:18 232:1 318:18 320:13,15 322:21 Jensen's 167:18 228:22 229:8 230:18 231:17 232:25 233:16 job 158:10 159:14 167:4 316:16 John 148:10 149:10 151:12 152:18,19 164:10,13,14 251:6,7 275:19,20 276:19,23 join 337:3 jointly 212:3 213:10 journal 230:10 274:4 journals 237:7 Jr 152:16 judged 188:16 Judicial 148:1 149:1,23 Juices 269:22 July 151:24 172:7 173:1 192:14 198:15 232:7,22 284:7 338:15 341:3 June 148:16 149:16 153:4,10 165:13 183:23 184:2 276:18 276:21 283:19,20 313:22 341:12 jury 272:21 281:8,9 292:1 305:25 K KALECZYC 150:17 keep 233:25 319:19 Keller 151:11 162:3,6 162:10 169:6 Keller's 169:20 171:1 Kelly 151:16 176:16,24 177:8 231:13 kept 166:16 Kettering 176:21 kill 241:19 242:14 kind 155:24 156:9 157:3 158:3 166:19 168:11 172:1 199:15 218:5 250:11 269:4 287:23 299:20 301:16 313:4 316:21 322:23 323:12 336:21 kinds 159:17 182:20 287:21 298:25 316:25 324:20 329:23 Kingdom 206:15 212:7 213:10 Kiwi 247:5 knew 162:11,15,16 167:8 182:22,25 198:8 209:17,19 know 153:19 154:5 162:15 163:13,14 166:25 168:25 172:13 172:14 175:12 176:7 177:2 179:9 186:22 193:21 194:3,4,24 195:9 198:25 200:13 200:15 201:25 205:23 206:1 208:10 209:22 213:15 214:22 215:6 215:13 219:12 221:5 225:8,14 228:5 237:3 237:4,10,15 243:11 243:11 246:15,15,18 246:19,21 248:24 250:8,13 251:16 252:12 253:15 254:19 255:10 258:15,15,19 258:24 259:19,21 260:3,5 262:20 266:25 273:11 274:17 275:3 277:22 278:4 278:22 279:7 280:1,8 281:3 286:19 287:6,7 290:9 294:25 295:4 297:1,11 298:5 300:3 300:3,8 301:5 302:14 302:19,24 303:18 304:16 306:2,20 307:5,9 308:18 311:3 312:10,11 313:11,15 314:21 315:5 316:3 321:5 323:1 knowable 189:2 knowing 196:4 241:3 248:7 knowledge 174:18 181:18 194:20 212:11 212:15 236:22 238:12 251:2 274:19 279:9 299:18 302:19 310:13 310:17 314:7 316:17 322:19 332:14 338:8 339:5 known 156:3 189:1 210:21,25 274:20 334:15 knows 189:5 Koppers 172:12,13,14 310:18,22 KRUEGER 148:8 149:8 KURT 148:8 149:8 I. Lab 335:8 labels 210:22 211:1 laboratory 152:12 175:14 176:21 200:2 227:19 256:15 302:17 328:4,10,23 332:9 Labs 194:13 247:17 248:6 lack 219:9,23 240:25 264:25 266:24 290:11 301:13 lacquer 264:21 265:10 lacquers 256:11 264:20 265:7 lady 265:8 Lake 163:4,8 199:10 203:23 217:15 lane 309:14 315:3 large 255:12,14 310:12 310:18 lasting 309:16 late 259:20 299:16,16 latest 325:3 Latin 206:16 law 150:3,6,9 226:14 227:24 228:5 333:3 lawsuit 303:10 lawsuits 210:17 WATER PCB-SD0000017879 Page 9 lawyers 161:11 layer 186:12 laymen 169:19 188:20 laymen's 305:24 leachability 164:25 305:14,15,19 leaching 205:9 lead 237:20 266:21 267:4,10 leading 223:1 289:1 318:13,20 319:6,13 319:15 320:7,8 321:14,20 322:2,14 322:25 323:7,17 324:11,22 325:7,16 325:23 326:9,18,24 327:5,10,25 328:7,13 328:19,25 329:5,11 329:20 330:4,9,15,25 331:6,14 332:4,18 333:16,23 334:6 335:12,18 336:2,14 337:1 learn 289:20,21 321:17 leave 286:13 leaves 292:13 leaving 234:22 led 315:6 left 190:25 311:19 336:17 left-hand 168:15 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Lewistown 150:5,8,11 liability 210:14 215:9 life 208:22 241:20 242:14 light 284:25 likewise 243:24 limit 190:6 239:24 limited 158:22 159:4 200:15 250:8 251:16 274:19 lindane 242:25 line 191:3 232:20 311:9 340:9,10,12,13,15,16 340:18,19,21,22 lines 186:7 215:4 liquid 266:11 308:12 liquids 295:17 list 170:7 276:7 283:10 listed 170:19 249:16,20 249:25 250:20 251:7 252:9,18 288:15 lists 262:4 liter 335:25 literature 335:10,15,22 335:25 336:5 litigation 291:5,7 Litschgi 169:4 little 191:20 197:16 220:9 264:6 294:22 303:3,13 309:19 313:8 321:4 lives 246:18 living 229:4 336:22 LLC 149:19 150:14 341:4 located 162:7 236:8 289:7,22 290:10 LOCUST 148:23 LOHN 150:22 London 230:7,8 231:10 288:18 long210:10 229:14,14 234:3 243:2 259:21 295:5,8 309:16 312:10 longer 241:19 270:13 302:20 309:20,21 314:3 long-term 219:19 271:16 look 192:8 214:18 221:24 222:2 235:21 235:22 256:9 257:16 257:19 271:4 288:11 292:1 299:8 304:6 305:9 309:17 311:15 311:16,20 313:2,17 looked 214:19 257:20 303:19 334:12 looking 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168:24 178:13 179:5,10 190:20 194:13 197:11 288:19 290:7 marine 164:24 208:19 208:22 305:11 mark 148:20 327:18 marked 153:2 199:5 235:15 245:2 market 181:22 224:18 225:6 307:13 310:22 311:12 marketed 184:25 185:9 301:19 306:21,25 marketing 165:19 178:22 181:4 185:1 228:15 284:12 286:13 287:20 299:20 312:1 marking205:15 266:17 markings 267:3,4 Mars 190:17 Martin 166:20,25 167:1,23 Marty 148:3 149:3 340:4 341:8 Maryland 163:17,21 199:10 217:25 Mason 152:18,19 275:20 276:5,20,23 278:20 279:4 283:12 masonry 156:20 266:17 267:9 Massachusetts 270:15 material 154:18 160:12 185:9 190:8 210:10 210:18 214:5 224:25 225:1 227:19 295:19 307:13 materials 155:9 162:13 162:24 163:2 178:23 210:18 304:3 matter 149:24 175:1 234:19 276:16 338:8 matters 153:11 maximum 207:2 McCloskey 251:19 McDonald's 272:18 MCL 212:4,4 213:10 mean 154:12 159:25 182:6 186:14 188:20 191:14 204:21 214:8 224:20 263:13 285:14 294:8 301:7 305:25 310:16311:3,11 315:11,12 320:1 323:1 meaning 244:11 251:3 means 189:12 210:5,8 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185:11 186:19 187:6 199:9,22 217:14,25 218:1 230:17 254:9,12,14 254:16,21 255:1 Miller 150:14 151:5 154:23 155:5,25 156:13 157:5 159:24 163:22 167:10,15 169:24 170:6,12 171:17 175:11 178:18 179:15,20 180:5 181:21 183:22 184:6 184:8 185:3,14 186:21 188:25 190:3 190:9 193:22 194:1 194:22 200:11,14 204:20 205:25 207:14 207:18 209:8,15,19 212:17 213:21214:2 214:15 218:18 219:9 219:23 220:5,16 221:4 223:23 225:7 225:11,23,25 226:18 226:21,24 228:3 229:9 230:22 232:4 232:10 233:17 234:1 234:7,19,22 235:11 235:13 236:22 237:2 237:13 240:25 241:25 242:8,11 244:7,11 247:9 248:5,14 249:2 249:4 250:5 251:13 252:13,25 254:25 255:24 256:2,7 257:25 258:9,14,19 259:7,10 261:14 262:18 263:11,17,20 263:23 264:5,22 265:11,15,18,21 266:23 267:6,24 268:1 270:25 271:2 272:1,4,6,9,12,16,21 272:23,25 275:12 278:12 279:14,21,24 280:13,15,20,23 281:1,7,10,14,16,20 281:20,21,23 282:3 282:15,18,21 285:14 286:9 287:4,10,13 288:1 289:23 290:11 290:19 297:21 298:7 300:10 301:20 313:13 316:9 317:1,19 318:2 318:3,15,22 319:7,14 319:18,21 320:8,11 321:16,22 322:5,19 323:2,9,19 324:5,13 325:1,9,18 326:1,11 326:20 327:1,7,12,17 327:20 328:2,9,15,21 329:2,7,13,22 330:6 330:11,17 331:2,8,16 332:1,6,20 333:2,9,18 333:25 334:8 335:14 335:20 336:4,18 337:5,15 341:5,10 million 195:4,14,17,24 196:3 197:16,20 205:8 208:21 219:20 304:25 311:3,4,6,12 mind 191:19 213:3,4 254:15 291:22 331:19 mine 303:5 mineral 271:17 Ministry 152:21 288:17 289:9,13,19,20 290:8 minute 153:21 157:17 192:8 257:19 265:15 288:10 336:17 minutes 151:25 190:1,7 201:13 234:3 307:24 311:24 317:20,21 320:2 mis 162:21 miscellaneous 239:17 241:12 mischaracterizes 242:1 mispronounced 246:3 Missionary 190:18 Missoula 150:24 Missouri 148:24 149:21 150:15 168:17 236:5 328:4 341:6 misspoke 204:22 mistake 278:13 misunderstand 285:20 Mitch 176:25 Mitchell 151:10 160:20 mix 306:3,9 mixture 170:15,19 175:3 269:4 294:23 294:24 300:18 301:22 308:1 315:18 mixtures 294:12 mobilize 297:8 moderately 219:7,11 219:16 220:8 modest 255:16 moisture 271:18 Mon 217:19 276:12,13 294:7 MONS 199:5 226:10 Monsanto 148:9 149:9 151:19 152:8 157:2 157:21 158:14,16 159:15 160:25 162:11 162:15,16 164:16,17 166:11 167:8 168:15 171:16 172:19 177:23 178:16 179:6 181:9 182:3,13 183:3 184:25 190:18 194:21 197:4,15,19 198:9,13 199:15 201:20 202:11 203:17 204:4,12 205:14 206:24 207:23 208:6,9 209:5,17 211:12,18 212:2,5,15 212:21,23 213:5,8,17 213:19,23 214:6,7 215:11,14 216:21 217:19 218:6 220:3 220:25 221:9 222:9 222:14,17 224:2,11 225:20 226:3 227:10 227:25 228:8,9,12,18 229:11,25 231:8,24 232:18,19 233:21 234:17 236:4,16,21 236:25 237:11,24,25 238:7,8,16,25 240:7 240:13,22 244:25 245:16 246:9 247:18 249:8 252:6 253:19 255:19,20 260:9,10 260:22 263:15 264:19 265:6 268:21,22 271:3,22 272:1 275:19,20 276:20 277:3,7 279:5,7 284:15 285:5,22 287:1 288:18 289:19 289:25 290:3,6,7 291:6 292:20 294:8 295:10 299:12 301:16 302:14,17 306:21,24 307:12 310:11,14,16 311:11 312:4 313:3 313:11,21 314:1,3,8 314:12,21 315:5,19 315:20 316:7 318:4 318:24,24 320:11,15 320:17 321:12 322:5 322:9 323:3,23 325:3 325:21 326:12 331:10 331:20 332:14 333:4 333:11,25 335:14 336:9 340:4 341:8 Monsanto's 159:1 160:21 162:6 175:14 175:20 192:22 228:13 236:7 237:5 240:23 255:9 276:12,13 286:2 292:3 301:5 324:15 332:21 333:20 Monsanto-USA 192:16 MONS035390 214:13 MONS090078 226:11 MONS090080 226:11 MONS090521 226:11 Montana 148:1,9 149:1 149:9,23 150:5,8,11 150:19,24 155:16 156:24 280:11 291:11 303:10 319:16 337:7 month 222:25 229:7 months 198:15 217:14 230:15 243:3 320:18 326:2 MON-MT 267:23 morning 153:7,8,10,17 221:20 253:15 mother's 151:18 182:15,23 185:11 186:19 187:6 218:1 230:17 move 244:8 272:19 288:1 337:13,15 moved 157:25 movement 305:2 moving 175:1 315:3 mutual 321:25 MAY 167:1 N N 150:18 Nader 233:12 name 192:13 194:12 283:9 289:11 291:3 291:10,18 292:19 318:3 320:21 338:15 340:2 named 232:14 284:19 names 276:7 285:23 national 222:25 natural 237:20 nature 160:1 173:18 207:5 210:18 289:4 330:7,20 NCR 289:12 near 180:24 193:3,4,4 234:16 nearby 193:3 nearly 205:9 necessarily 285:16 297:23 301:22 necessary 158:10 301:17 need 216:16 239:22 264:5 274:17 332:15 needed 279:25 322:11 322:16 needles 229:5 needs 274:9,20 Nephew 253:8 never 160:4 233:11 269:17 279:7 315:22 new 167:17 171:16,19 232:23,24 233:11 275:12,13 298:10,10 298:18 336:11 newly 158:11 news 190:11 newspaper 228:23 newspapers 236:21 237:7 336:10 Newsweek 336:11 nine 163:3,12 nitrocellulose 256:11 nitrocellulose-based 256:16 nonsensical 163:24 non-crop 243:9,12,21 244:9 non-flammable 188:8 non-PCB 225:5,21 226:3 253:11 non-sequential 226:10 non-understandable 290:5 non-volatile 243:24 normal 154:20,22 155:23 156:4,11,14 157:10 248:12 normally 237:20 266:21,25 267:10 North 263:15 Nos 153:1 235:14 Notary 339:15 note 162:22 247:5 307:7 notice 208:25 notified 210:21,25 notion 331:19 num 184:7 207:4 number 175:22 183:10 183:12 199:5,6 212:21,22 214:12,13 245:8 247:24 253:15 267:22 274:12 293:5 293:13,21 305:7 311:19,20 334:21 numbered 184:6 311:18 numbers 168:20 226:10 278:10 299:5 299:5 311:17 numeral 204:16,19 206:9 207:4 211:23 WATER PCB-SD0000017881 Page 11 n/k/a 148:9 149:9 340:5 341:8 O Oaas 148:15 150:3,4 151:3 153:6 154:25 155:3,6 156:2,15,16 157:11 160:2,9 164:1 167:13,22 170:1,8,16 171:21 175:13 179:16 179:23,25 180:12 181:23 183:24 184:1 184:7,10 185:4,16 186:24 189:4,8,15,21 189:25 190:5,12,13 193:24 194:3,6,25 200:13,17 204:21 206:4 207:16,19 209:10,13,18,23 213:1,6,8,24 214:8,17 215:24 216:3 218:20 218:21 219:15 220:1 220:12,23 221:7,13 221:19 224:5 225:9 225:13,24 226:1,8,19 226:23 227:1,2 228:7 229:10 230:23,25 232:6,13 233:20,24 234:5,18,21 235:3,12 235:16,20 236:23 237:9,17 241:2,5 242:3,10,13 244:10 244:13,14 247:13 248:9,18 249:6 250:10 251:17 252:15 253:4 255:2 256:1,9 258:4,12 259:1,8,12 259:14 261:17 262:22 263:13,19,22,25 264:10,14 265:2,13 265:22,25 266:1 267:2,8,25 268:2,3 271:1,4 272:14,19,22 272:24 273:1,2 275:13 278:15,18 279:20,23,25 280:3,5 280:8,14,17,22,24 281:6,8,12,15,18,21 281:25 282:6,17,19 283:4 285:15,18 286:10,12 287:6,11 287:16 288:3,5,10 290:1,14 318:12,19 319:3,5,12,16,20 320:6 321:13,19 322:1,13,24 323:6,16 324:2,10,21 325:6,15 325:22 326:8,17,23 327:4,9,15,24 328:6 328:12,18,24 329:4 329:10,19 330:3,8,14 330:24 331:5,13,23 332:3,17,24 333:6,15 333:22 334:5 335:11 335:17 336:1,13,25 337:6,11 341:14 oath 153:12,12 Ob 179:20 object 154:23 155:25 156:13 157:5 159:24 163:22 167:10 169:24 170:12 171:17 175:11 179:20 180:5 185:3 185:14 186:21 188:25 194:22 200:11 205:25 207:14 212:18 213:21 213:22 219:9,23 220:5,16 221:4 223:23 225:7 228:3 233:17 237:2,13 240:25 241:25 242:11 244:7 247:9 248:14 249:2 250:5 251:13 252:25 255:24 256:4 257:25 258:9 261:14 262:18 263:18 264:22 264:25 265:11 266:23 267:6 279:14 280:24 287:4,10 289:23 290:11 297:21 300:10 301:20 313:13 316:9 316:9 317:1 318:12 318:19 319:3,5,12 320:6 321:13,19 322:1,13,24 323:6,16 324:2,10,21 325:6,15 325:22 326:8,17,23 327:4,9,24 328:6,12 328:18,24 329:4,10 329:19 330:3,8,14,24 331:5,13,23 332:3,17 332:24 333:6,15,22 334:5 335:11,17 336:1,25 objected 221:6 objection 155:5 213:7 213:21 221:5 234:24 248:5 280:6,25 281:25 319:15,23 327:15 336:13 337:3 objections 214:2 220:6 298:7 objective 202:24 objectives 202:16 203:9 obtain 320:11 322:10 obtained 226:14 318:16 318:24 331:10 obtaining 319:9 330:21 obviously 156:24 306:22 occurred 259:19 332:2 occurrence 223:8 224:7 occurs 191:23 Oct 216:25 October 177:6 206:7 209:9 211:16 217:1 236:11 offer 337:11 office 150:3,4,6,7,9 232:19 offices 149:19 official 276:13 289:18 officially 210:21,25 off-the-shelf 322:23 323:1 oh 156:2 164:14 178:22 188:4 193:15 229:2 229:12 232:12 254:18 257:13 276:25 278:6 278:12,13 292:4 316:5 Ohio 163:17,21 173:10 173:11,23 174:3,19 176:6 178:1 180:22 254:16,16 oils 271:17 okay 153:15 154:4 156:23 157:24 158:16 160:19,24 161:22 162:10,17,20,20,24 164:4,7,10 165:10,13 166:2 167:3,22 168:5 168:12 169:1,4,7,14 169:18 170:5,16,25 171:6,13,23 172:6,10 172:13,21 173:6,9,16 173:22 174:9 175:4,7 175:16,19,24 176:6 176:12,15,24 177:10 177:19 178:5,12,25 179:4,9,14,23,25 180:12,20,20 181:6,8 181:17 182:21 183:1 183:6 184:4,14,25 185:10,16,20,23 186:7,18 187:11,22 188:6,10 190:6,13,16 190:22 191:4,7,8,14 192:3 193:10,18,20 193:24 194:6,17,20 195:12 196:6 197:6 199:3,8 200:8,25 201:4 202:2,7,15 205:1,6 207:1 209:25 210:12 211:15,18 212:11 213:15 214:8 215:8,17,19,23 217:12 218:9,16,24 219:6,15 220:23 221:11 222:16,19 224:20 225:18 227:1 227:5,12,23 228:17 228:20 229:13 230:2 230:25 231:3,6,15 232:13 233:15,24 235:7,13 238:3 241:7 242:6,13 243:6,20 244:6 245:18 246:2,6 246:12,15,20 247:13 247:16,24 248:9,18 248:22 249:10,19 250:3,20,23 251:2,6 251:17,25 252:18 253:6,13,18 254:4,15 254:24 255:1,2,12,15 255:17 256:21,25 257:13,20 259:19 260:11,13,15,20 261:19,23 262:3,22 263:9 264:16,18 265:5,18,21,22,25 266:8,19 267:8,13 268:17,20 269:5,19 270:4,23 271:7 275:1 275:10,17,24 276:23 277:1,5,17 278:8,17 280:15 281:6 282:9 283:8,11,23 284:1,4,7 284:22 285:18 286:4 286:12,23 287:1,8 288:3,21 289:18 290:14,14 291:15,17 291:21 292:6,11,16 292:19,22,25 293:4 293:11,17,20 294:2,5 294:15,20 295:7,9 296:1,7,20 297:16,24 298:15,23 299:1,1,14 299:22,22 300:2,14 300:22 301:10,12,25 302:9,14,19,25 303:8 304:5,5,5,11,23 305:6 305:9 306:10,18 307:1,4,9,12,15,21 308:3,7,16 309:2,7,10 310:1,10,20 311:2,5,8 311:14,23 312:3,14 312:24 313:2,7,17,20 313:25 314:7,21 315:15,19,23 316:3 316:18 317:9,16 319:25 324:13 old 298:14,16 omission 233:7 once 297:2,12,12 316:11 ones 225:13 272:9 291:24 329:24 open 314:15 operate 235:18 operated 337:8 operation 160:13 271:22 operations 159:1,2,12 182:13 212:14 213:19 220:14 221:9 224:11 237:25 238:8,16,25 255:19 260:22 268:22 279:11 280:19 289:24 opinion 220:10 276:6 opinionated 233:5 Opportunities 260:17 opposed 220:19 order 195:3 308:12 320:17 organic 164:18 168:15 169:7 200:20,22 201:4 203:4 292:14 Organics 164:20 organization 283:2 328:22 organizations 285:23 326:21 327:2,21 328:3,10,15 329:8,24 330:18 331:3,9,19 332:8 334:25 335:5 335:16 orient 168:13 origin 166:14 205:22 original 311:20 315:3 315:13 341:14 originally 303:23 ought 331:20 outdoors 253:5 outstanding 266:13,15 oven 170:6 overall 154:14 312:17 overlapping 166:15 overly 224:12 overseas 318:10 320:13 over-wrap 256:22 oxidation 188:11,16 266:14 oxygen 188:15 oysters 174:6 199:11 203:18 o'clock 149:17,18 P packing 179:3 page 151:2 153:23 168:12 169:15 171:7 183:21 184:4,5,6,7,9 184:12 187:22,25,25 188:2 190:23,24 191:1 192:18 195:1 195:13 196:7,18,22 198:18,21 199:3,4,21 200:18 201:13 202:15 203:13,15 204:7,15 206:8,12 208:14 210:13 211:22 214:11 214:18 216:2,20 217:6,7,9,10,13,22,22 218:24 220:23 221:2 WATER PCB-SD0000017882 Page 12 227:25 228:25 230:4 232:6,8 233:3 236:3 237:17 238:3,20 239:6,7,8,9,10,12,15 239:16,21 240:2,17 241:7 246:23 250:11 252:2 253:7 256:10 256:25 257:3,4,5,5,6 257:7,8,9,16,19,21,24 260:16 261:8 262:23 263:7 264:15 265:9 265:13 266:1 267:13 267:21,23 268:5,5,9 268:12 269:7,7,8 270:11,23 271:5,8 274:8,8 276:3,4 277:18,19 278:5,6,7,8 278:10,16,20 296:14 296:20 299:4,4,5,8,22 307:15,18,18,22 308:7 310:7 311:16 311:17,19,20,20 313:2 314:1 340:9,10 340:12,13,15,16,18 340:19,21,22 341:13 pages 216:1,6,8,10,13 226:16,17 267:23 308:8 310:5 paint 148:10 149:10 150:21 154:6,22 155:6,16,21,22,24 156:6,10,19 157:1,4 165:23 169:20 170:21 173:14 174:13,22,25 175:2,2 176:8 177:16 178:3 179:11,17 180:3 181:11 262:9 262:14 264:21 265:7 265:9 268:10 291:4,5 291:10 295:3,11 296:22 297:2,2,4,5,13 297:13,17,18 298:1,3 298:11 300:7 301:17 302:4,22 303:4,11,15 303:22 305:19 306:10 306:12,13,22,25 307:3 309:12,13,14 309:18 313:5 314:22 314:23 315:6,12,15 315:16,17,19,20,24 316:1 331:21 painted 155:17 166:22 169:16,21 173:13 242:25 297:17,18 315:1,1 painting 177:16 paints 154:20 155:2 164:24,25 166:3 170:10 172:23 173:3 177:1 179:2 180:16 205:7,15 238:13 253:21 260:24 261:6 261:13,23 262:4,15 263:5 264:19 268:24 269:15 271:9,11,12 271:14,24 272:10,10 305:11,14,16 307:16 307:21 Pap 336:19 Papageorge 148:14 149:15 151:15,17 152:24 153:7 155:15 177:14 182:10 189:5 189:21 190:6 191:17 198:7 205:19 206:2 209:15,20 213:2 214:13 216:5 221:19 223:17 227:3 229:1 231:1 235:3,17,20 236:1 237:21 241:22 242:6 245:14 251:11 256:12 258:1,22 259:2 262:24 264:8 264:16 268:4 273:7 275:4 278:6 280:4 281:4 284:2 286:9,10 288:11 291:3 318:3,8 318:22 319:8 322:20 325:19 326:14 328:17 330:18 331:2 332:7 335:3 336:19 339:3,7 340:1 341:12 Papageorge's 157:6 341:12 paper 195:19 289:12 par 262:24 para 243:7 paragraph 153:25 162:20 164:23 166:2 172:21 173:9 174:12 175:20 180:20 181:24 184:19 185:2,21,22 186:1,8 188:13 199:8 199:20 200:18 203:15 204:17,22 206:9 208:17,18 210:14 211:4,6 212:21213:4 222:20 223:14 228:24 230:5 231:16 233:4 237:18 238:4,20 242:2,13 243:7,8 244:12 256:10 261:6 262:3 266:9 271:14 276:5 277:19,20 278:19 284:23 285:19 286:15 296:23 305:10 310:7,10 314:1 paraphrase 207:10 paren 196:11,11,12 199:22 270:7 parentheses 186:11 199:22 202:18 203:24 203:25 205:7,7 208:21 217:17,18 218:2 222:23,24 229:21 241:19,20 250:24,25 270:6,14 270:14 299:25 Parks 148:10 149:10 156:25 280:12 337:7 Parlon 152:15 170:20 260:16,24 261:1,13 262:11 268:11,15,18 268:18,24 269:1,9,15 269:20,25 270:1,5,13 270:16 271:14,24 part 159:15,15 164:17 164:19 166:11 169:8 171:15 192:12 197:3 207:10,11 211:12 216:17 223:16 239:23 245:20 246:24 273:25 318:16 327:12 329:2 329:15,17 333:20 335:9 337:13,16 partial 264:9 particles 191:20 particular 171:3 182:2 183:13,18 194:18 210:11 242:2 250:9 251:4 253:1 261:15 269:14 270:1,8,21 parties 338:5 parts 167:8,25 168:1,2 200:5 206:19 208:21 219:20 242:16 263:25 264:23 304:25 party 179:22 256:3 passed 174:22 passing 178:2 Paton 152:7,10 232:14 233:15 244:20 246:1 246:2,3,3,4,20 260:12 Paton's 233:4 Patuxent 279:16 280:23 329:14 Paulson 148:3 149:3 340:4 341:8 PC 184:16 249:7 PCB 152:1 154:21 158:11,23 164:24 165:2 166:14,21 170:17 172:18 181:25 187:1,7 188:23 191:24 195:4,22 197:1 204:5 205:20 207:22 208:19 209:12 227:13 229:22 230:5 230:12,13,15 233:5,8 237:19 240:13,14,23 242:17 247:14,22 248:20 249:7,14,23 251:23 255:8 265:16 271:23 282:24 283:5 283:5 286:7 289:3,14 293:1 294:3 295:10 298:17,17 305:4,10 305:16 308:3,4,21 333:19 PCBs 154:20 155:1,10 155:11,18,19,22 156:6,10,19 157:1 158:7,8 159:4 160:23 161:2,13 162:13,23 163:2,20 164:5,19 165:24 167:20 169:10 169:21,23 170:10,23 172:23 173:14,15 174:7,22,22 175:1,5 176:9 178:3 179:6,12 179:18 180:3,16 181:12,15 182:15,22 183:16 184:16,25 185:1,10,12 186:15 186:16,18 188:22 189:5,10 191:9,10,16 191:19 192:1 197:16 197:20 198:1 199:9 199:16 200:2,23 201:1 203:17 204:12 207:2,12,23,25 208:4 209:7,14 210:4 211:19 212:16,24 213:20215:11 217:14 217:24 218:13 219:6 222:23 223:2,8,10 224:7,18 232:20,25 233:16 237:10 244:4 248:23 249:1 253:21 254:25 260:23 261:24 262:15 263:4 264:18 265:7 266:22 267:3,5 267:9,11 268:24 274:18,19 279:13 280:2,10 284:17 285:1,6,24 286:16,20 286:24 287:3 289:7 289:21 290:9 292:23 293:5 295:2 303:12 303:13,15 304:24 305:1,19,20,23 306:8 306:10,13,21,25 309:9 314:4,8,12,22 314:25 315:15 316:12 318:9 321:2 322:12 322:22 323:4 325:5 325:14 326:16 327:23 330:1,2,12,23 331:11 331:12,21 332:15,22 333:4,13 334:10,17 336:12,23 PCBs-Prevalent 274:2 peaks 229:15 pealed 174:25 peeks 229:20 peel 269:21 pending 149:23 Pensacola 161:8 203:23 217:17 pentachlorodiphenyl 289:5 people 177:15 248:8 279:24,25 286:14 287:20 316:22,24 317:5 337:8 perceived 317:8 percent 186:4 293:14 293:15,17,19 294:1 295:18 301:7,8,14 303:2,3 percentage 195:20 296:4 308:19 perfume 248:8,11,16 perfumes 248:1 249:17 perfuming 248:6 period 157:18 212:13 238:22 259:7,10 277:24 278:24 328:5 328:17 329:9,18,23 330:19 331:17 periods 169:22 permit 202:20,25 Perry 249:6 persistence 211:7318:9 322:11,22 326:16 327:23 330:2 331:12 336:12,23 persistent 223:8 224:7 274:2 personal 245:2,5 287:17 310:12,15 personally 155:1 177:25 178:4 229:9 273:11 280:13,14 315:22 PERSONS 148:5 149:5 perspective 305:24 317:14 pertain 216:9 pervasive 223:3 pesticide 251:9,11 328:3 332:9 335:8 pesticides 238:6 241:24 Pharmacia 148:9 149:9 340:5 341:8 phrase 154:6 physical 183:6,16 physically 153:16 Ph.D 323:24 picked 316:16 picture 265:8 268:8 pictured 265:8 pie 226:12 piece 322:15 pieced 226:12 WATER PCB-SD0000017883 Page 13 pike 228:24 229:3 Pine 150:23 pinpointed 199:23 place 157:22 182:6 189:15 338:6 placed 320:17 places 270:7 plaint 295:11 plaintiffs 148:7,15 149:7 150:2 234:24 plaintiff's 333:10 334:13 337:12 plan 151:18 152:1 205:20 plant 157:19 158:1 159:21,21 160:9 163:6 180:4 191:10 193:3,4 201:16,23 268:10 269:10 plants 179:3 180:17 181:12,25 266:16 268:25 269:3 plasma 269:11 plastic 224:25 225:1 plasticiser 154:21 155:4,7,20,23 156:10 157:1 165:20 225:3 225:21 226:3 245:7 245:12,17,22 246:14 247:17 249:7 266:11 294:7,9,13,16,23 295:11 297:14 314:4 314:9,12,15 324:15 324:20 332:16,22 333:4 plasticisers 155:9,11 166:14,17 167:6 178:24 179:7 195:18 224:17 225:6 240:18 246:11 284:13 286:17 295:3,14 297:2 326:14 plasticising 224:22 301:18 302:23 303:4 plastics 238:14 plates 169:21 Plaza 149:20 150:15 341:5 pleasant 322:3 please 153:22 161:20 164:8,11 166:20 168:6 172:4 181:3 191:18 192:8,9 198:22 232:17 235:22 239:4,24 258:13 262:23 267:18 282:18 285:20,21 288:11 341:12,16 plus 308:2 PL-306 240:5 312:4 point 158:5 175:8 213:15 226:9 236:6 278:1 279:1 286:15 302:1 309:17 331:10 pointing 226:19 poison 230:9,17 poisonous 229:23 poisons 229:21 policy 286:2,4 287:2 289:18 polish 247:6,7,7 pollution 152:1 200:19 205:20 327:8 polychlorinated 173:3 195:4 222:23 223:1 229:21 238:4,21 pool 261:6 306:22,25 315:10 pools 261:13,24 299:24 300:23 315:6 poor 162:21 306:7 popular 336:10 portion 269:8 portions 226:14 pose 222:24 position 157:18 212:13 215:13 227:9 276:14 289:25 290:3,6 315:4 positions 160:11,12 positive 177:15 possibility 181:24 182:2 possible 195:24 210:17 262:21 297:3,19 298:6,10 302:8,10 Post 150:4,7 pot 303:6 potential 223:5 277:25 278:25 279:8 282:11 282:24 283:1,13 312:20 313:4 324:14 324:18,19 325:2,12 potentials 283:7 pound 198:8 pounds 188:15 195:4 195:14,17,24 196:3 197:16,20 205:8 250:21 252:9,11,12 311:2,3,6,12 Powder 255:8,20 256:4 259:5 261:2 262:8 268:23 ppm 304:13 practical 189:12 practice 317:11 practices 223:9 224:8 precedes 157:6 preclude 289:5 preliminary 153:11 preparation 325:10 prepared 192:12 282:23 presen 194:17 presence 161:13 192:22 199:16 207:23 211:8 321:2 322:22 330:23 334:17,18 present 164:6 173:15 182:1 194:23 210:18 304:25 316:13 presentation 152:23 194:18,21 presented 195:3 215:3 president 148:4 149:4 222:14,17 275:19 press 236:19 279:15 325:4 336:10 pressure 285:1 pressures 285:25 presumes 180:6 pretty 305:1 prevent 274:22 281:12 281:18,22 289:19 prevented 233:7 prevents 154:11 previous 156:17,18 185:11 186:20,22 224:15 289:8 previously 165:17 171:20 231:7 235:10 244:20 primarily 166:4 253:23 291:12 primary 306:19 principle 225:2 298:21 314:14 printing 338:11 prior 259:12,15,24 332:7 333:19 Privilege 216:22 probable 166:21 probably 212:2 213:5,9 230:16 287:19 311:20 problem 175:24 181:25 203:14 204:5 206:13 207:5,12 208:1,4,18 209:2 212:7 213:11 217:23 226:25 317:23 problems 205:2,2 316:16,17 procedure 171:20 proceed 177:5 process 282:1 300:21 processing 179:18 180:4,16 181:12,25 268:25 269:3,10 produce 313:12 produced 149:16 163:21 175:6 195:5 197:15,19 200:23 205:24 206:2 214:6 335:16 producers 211:24 212:22 produces 200:25 201:4 producing 173:14 179:6 204:12 205:14 207:2 225:21 226:3 269:10 product 159:10 181:21 200:10 238:23 247:8 247:12 248:4,13 252:22,24 254:6,8,10 254:22 258:8 261:25 262:10,17,21 279:9 287:21 294:16 309:6 314:18 316:15 production 158:7 164:19 169:9 179:11 195:10,11 211:19 255:1 274:18 333:13 products 192:23 199:24 201:1,2,5 210:20,24 232:20 238:13 245:15 248:8 276:8 279:13 280:2 280:10 286:18 295:10 309:11 312:20 Professor 207:19 Professors 207:6 profitable 201:1,2,5 333:20 profits 202:21 215:9 334:1 progressively 308:12 prolonged 186:9 prolonging 289:2 promote 307:14 312:19 promoted 185:1 promotion 260:17 299:21 pronounce 266:4 pronounced 246:3,5 pronouncing 250:14 proofing 252:19,21 proper 181:10 properties 154:17 183:7,16 184:14 301:18 302:23 303:4 propounded 191:3 protect 201:6 203:3,3 protected 270:13 protection 152:15 159:23,25 203:10 268:15 271:16 327:13 329:3 protective 156:20 266:16 protects 269:20 provide 325:1 providing 313:4 331:20 proving 211:6 pub 211:4 public 164:17 211:4 223:6 236:16,25 237:5 276:9 279:15 339:15 publication 183:4 189:2 232:22,23 236:23 240:7 publicized 240:13 published 184:2 207:20 230:10 274:1 335:10 335:15 336:5 publishing 321:1 purchase 251:21 purchased 156:25 200:4 252:5 320:16 purchaser 251:7 purchases 255:16 purchasing 249:12,22 250:18 pure 294:11 purpose 160:7 193:7 202:8 294:15 299:17 300:3,3,5 307:10 310:2 312:14,17 319:11 purposes 189:13 253:16 264:4 318:4 pursuant 338:4 put 169:21 170:6 177:3 260:9,10 296:16 303:7 putting 187:18 296:17 puzzled 264:6 P-a-t-o-n 232:15 P-115 183:10 P.C 150:17 p.m 235:2 290:21,24 337:18 P.O 150:18,23 Q qualities 306:14 quality 197:1 273:19 273:20 quantify 323:4 quantities 208:20 quantity 186:11 310:18 quarter 234:2 290:15 quarterly 151:24 198:12 question 155:15 156:8 156:9,23 157:6 158:24 163:23,24 164:2 167:11,16 175:8 177:19 179:24 181:8 189:10 191:3 191:14,17 192:3 194:2 204:9 209:20 212:18 213:2,7,13 216:18 217:18 218:19 220:2,13,24 223:20 224:14,16 225:25 WATER PCB-SD0000017884 Page 14 226:2 233:18 236:24 237:10 239:23 242:1 242:3,4 244:8,9 251:14 258:10 259:14 261:15 264:23 265:3 265:3 266:24 267:8 274:17 277:21 280:3 281:7,9,11,19,22 282:1,3,7 283:11 289:6 290:5 297:22 303:14 304:11 316:18 318:13,20 319:6,13 319:17 320:6 321:14 321:20 322:2,14,24 323:7,10,17 324:3,11 324:22 325:7,16,23 326:9,18,24 327:5,10 327:16,16,18,19,25 328:7,13,19,25 329:5 329:11,20 330:4,9,15 330:25 331:6,14,24 332:4,18,25 333:7,16 333:23 334:6 335:12 335:18 336:2,14,19 337:1 questionable 245:8 questioning 211:9 264:3 288:6 questions 179:5 183:15 216:1,9 234:8,8,13,15 239:6 246:23 250:12 263:23 264:9,12 275:5 288:9 289:8 290:16 291:22,23 295:2 296:8,9 303:9 307:24 310:4,6 317:17,22 318:5 319:24 341:16 quickly 202:13 322:10 quite 187:17 190:8 196:12 264:10 294:6 quote 201:13 210:19,19 217:4,4 219:7,7,16,16 219:17,17,18,19,19 219:20 230:5 233:9 233:10 237:19 238:4 238:22,22 256:17,18 276:6 289:6,7 quotes 219:11 R R 150:9,10,22 raceways 155:17 156:12 157:2 Rachel 23 3:10,22 radio 237:7 raise 190:2 raised 289:8 Ralph 233:12 RANCH 148:5 149:5 range 302:2,3,5,12,21 303:1 ranged 295:17 RANKIN 148:23 rate 296:21 RAY 148:3 149:3 reached 241:4 reaction 170:14 read 153:25 164:9 165:3,9 166:22 168:7 172:5 176:14 178:11 181:1 184:23 185:20 185:22 186:8 188:17 191:7,17,18 192:10 193:19 194:5 197:4 199:11 200:6 201:7 202:21 203:1,4 206:20 207:16 208:1 208:22 210:23 212:8 213:12 215:18216:12 218:14 223:11 230:24 232:5 233:13 235:23 239:21 243:4,25 244:15 245:6,6 253:17 257:11 260:2 263:9 271:18 274:16 274:24 277:21 278:19 283:25 284:14 285:19 286:21 288:25 289:16 308:15 327:19 340:9 340:10,12,13,15,16 340:18,19,21,22 reader 300:11 reading 160:24 161:4 168:2 193:14 211:25 245:9 257:10 269:11 269:23 275:4 285:2 340:7 reads 166:2 188:13 195:2,17 196:7,25 199:8,21 200:22 210:17211:6213:5 217:13 218:10,12 219:16 222:21 229:3 233:5 237:19 238:20 256:14 266:10 269:9 269:20 270:5,12 271:8,14 274:17 284:24 ready 153:9,16 189:22 221:21 235:5,6 realize 204:4 really 160:3 205:21 217:7 255:9 287:7 300:15 301:5 302:4 304:20 316:7,24 318:10 reason 156:5 167:17 226:11 263:11 303:13 310:23 314:11,14 340:9,11,12,14,15,17 340:18,20,21,23 reasons 185:4,5 227:14 227:16,17 306:20 314:23 rec 271:22 recall 161:4 174:9 180:1,13,18 182:1,4 187:3 190:19 193:23 215:22 227:4,5 228:17 231:3 262:12 265:23 269:2 273:24 282:22 283:21 284:3 291:17 299:9 312:9 recalling 174:11 180:10 receive 203:16 217:20 218:6 received 175:15 199:9 203:17 229:7,24 231:21 237:14 284:5 284:6 receiving 199:15 recipe 300:15 301:13 304:4 313:4 recipes 258:18 313:16 recipient 288:15 recognize 153:12 180:21 296:15 recognized 208:6,8 recollection 318:8,23 319:8 320:23 325:19 recommendation 261:16 264:24 recommendations 202:19 recommended 156:16 243:9 260:23 264:19 recommending 180:15 255:21 257:2,22 259:5 261:12 262:8 265:6 268:24 271:23 reconvene 290:17 317:20 record 153:4 176:25 183:22 189:16,19,25 191:18 197:12 215:24 216:5 221:14,17 226:8 234:9 235:2 236:6 256:8 272:15 272:20 274:16 277:2 278:19 285:19 288:25 290:16,20,23 327:18 337:11,13,16,17 redirect 234:17 reduced 338:10 reduces 154:11 redundant 319:23 refer 183:11 210:4,4 216:17 239:6,22 245:23 288:6 296:7 reference 162:18 183:9 183:11 187:3 192:16 196:3 198:11 200:9 207:6 220:13 228:20 243:11 245:12 252:8 254:13 256:4,19,23 257:3 264:12 269:2 276:18 277:12 293:21 294:2 referenced 185:2 246:24 257:24 references 172:21 201:12 referencing 267:22 referred 154:1 165:20 166:12 169:8 224:4 245:17 258:3 281:2 referring 173:11,22 195:10 210:23 212:23 214:12 216:5 217:3,8 223:21 226:2 228:25 232:10,24 245:13,15 247:2,20 256:12 269:5 274:15 278:8,9 278:14 283:4 284:24 refers 179:21 212:21 240:17 243:14 258:16 258:20 293:9 305:7 reflecting 224:1 refresh 161:4 refreshed 180:7 refusing 278:2 279:2 regard 316:6 regarding 162:12 175:20 176:6 197:1 330:22 331:10 334:17 regulation 333:3 relate 180:22 216:1 289:24 related 179:2 229:22 232:19 243:15 relates 209:21 relating 159:17 160:23 263:23 318:5 relations 164:17 237:6 relatively 297:12 relayed 180:9 relaying 207:21 release 236:19 237:20 266:21 267:5,11 276:7,14 297:8 298:17 releases 279:15 remain 191:25 243:1 remainder 234:23 remarkably 184:20 remarked 253:16 remember 154:3 156:18,22 168:10 172:16 175:18 176:10 180:7 193:22 194:14 283:22 286:25 288:14 304:6 308:1 320:17 326:3 remote 206:19 removal 315:1 removed 170:10 repeat 172:25 218:19 242:4 repeated 289:9 repeating 213:3 repercussions 233:8 rephrase 220:1 265:3 replace 312:22 replicating 322:17 report 151:22,24 152:3 152:12,13,20,21 173:16,21 174:2,20 174:24 194:11 197:19 198:12,22 199:2 200:1 206:13 230:3 231:25 232:24 288:17 334:12,15 336:7 reported 148:19 161:12 171:7 173:12 179:21 193:11 196:10 217:14 219:3 220:20 319:1 340:6 Reporter 148:19 149:22 338:4 reporting 148:23 162:11 329:13 reports 161:1 173:17 173:19 174:1,6,10 175:9,17 176:7 199:9 199:15 203:17 217:19 217:24 218:5 230:5 321:2 represent 197:25 275:18 291:4 318:4 representation 259:11 represents 293:13 reproduction 219:21 228:22 requested 173:2 requesting 172:22 require 197:3 required 333:4 requirement 158:10 res 318:17 research 160:21 162:7 162:8 167:6 199:25 215:15 229:17 274:9 279:16 280:23 328:3 328:16 329:15,25 330:7,20 332:9,10 335:4,8,9 researcher 320:24 researchers 318:17 319:1 320:13 321:17 322:6 323:3,13 resembled 289:5 resembling 214:6 reserve 288:6 290:16 reserved 338:11 WATER PCB-SD0000017885 Page 15 reservoirs 165:25 residence 243:18 residues 211:8 289:4 resin 266:13 resinous 243:23 resins 238:13 resistance 266:13,14,14 resistant 184:20 respect 158:12,24 159:23 211:19 214:1 215:11 233:22 251:3 264:23,24 267:2,9 275:6 Respectfully 341:18 respond 206:2 responded 221:5 responding 173:6 responds 298:24 response 224:15 281:24 282:16 responsibility 212:8,16 212:19,24 213:11,20 213:23 214:3 responsible 164:16 199:24 212:3,4 213:5 213:9,10 215:2 rest 216:15 228:16 305:22 result 156:6 333:12 334:4 resulted 287:19 314:18 resulting 309:3 results 170:25 171:6 172:1 267:1 330:21 resume 157:17 234:16 return 341:13 reveal 229:19 revealed 200:3 reveals 245:8 revenue 334:2 review 216:4 341:12 reviewed 226:7 288:12 Reynolds 255:22 256:5 256:6,17 258:7,20,24 259:6 re-ask 163:25 re-painted 298:4 309:23 re-suspended 297:20 Rhine 203:23 Richards 215:7,14 Richardson 231:17 richly 271:15 right 153:19 154:16,19 155:12 157:11,16 158:21,24 159:8,19 160:14,16 161:10,19 163:15 165:22 166:18 167:7,15 171:10,21 172:3,18 174:12,19 175:16,19 176:12 178:8 181:17,20 182:5,10,17 183:3,14 183:20,24 184:4 186:5 187:2,5,9,20 188:22 189:14 190:12 192:7,11 193:6,19 194:9,25 195:12 196:18 197:10 198:4 198:6 199:3 200:17 201:9 203:13 204:15 206:6,8 208:11,13 209:10,18 210:12 213:24214:11 215:13 216:16,18,18 217:6 220:12 221:23 224:5 224:14 226:6,23 227:8 229:2 230:21 232:3,21 235:12 236:10 237:9,17 239:3,20,22 240:20 241:5,7 242:23 244:10,13,16,19 245:5 246:22 250:10 251:17 253:13 255:7 257:4,11,15,18 258:12 259:1,21 260:1,3 261:19,23 263:10,17 265:2,25 267:20 268:6 270:6 272:10 273:23 274:1 274:7 276:1 277:13 283:11,23 284:14,22 286:3 287:18,22,25 288:13,16 290:1 292:9,20,23 293:25 298:12 300:16 303:21 306:6,17 309:15 311:16,16 312:5 313:9 317:3,22 319:21 323:19 326:11 333:21,24 337:5 right-hand 184:11 236:12 257:12 270:10 307:17,18 rings 293:10 Risebrough 196:11 207:20 320:21 321:6 321:11 322:21 river 163:3 174:14 192:17 193:3 203:23 316:1 rivers 163:3,9,12,13 193:2 roaches 243:2 road 309:14 Robert 194:12 ROBINSON 148:4 149:4 150:22 rock 336:22 Rodney 152:16 Roman 204:15,19 206:9 207:4,4 211:23 roofs 262:4,14,15 Rooney 251:7,7,15 rough 170:2 roughly 302:22 333:13 Roxbury 270:15 rub 309:22 rubber 261:2 262:10 266:3,10,15 309:21 ruining 154:13 rumor-not 218:2 running 319:15 Ryan 275:7,22 276:6 276:15,21 278:22 313:22 R.E 151:11 162:3 S S 148:15 150:3,4 152:20 284:11,11 341:14 safe 219:19 sale 169:9 178:23 314:24 326:13 334:3 sales 152:23 197:15,21 198:1 201:6 202:20 202:25 300:12 333:19 salesman 181:5 salmon 228:24 229:3 sample 151:18 191:25 303:15,19,24,25 304:2 samples 161:12 162:19 175:15 192:21 230:13 303:11,12 sampling 230:8 San 207:21 Savannah 174:14 save 239:25 275:4 saving 239:5 273:3 saw 307:7 336:8 saying 309:4 says 159:12 162:22 163:1 164:24 166:19 173:1,9 177:11,14 180:21 181:23 191:7 198:22 207:11 212:2 217:24 219:6 238:4 258:22,24 262:25 268:10 285:19 299:23 300:7,22,25 301:2 304:13 305:13 307:16 308:9,10 309:3 310:8 312:4 scanned 160:15 161:21 182:9 183:2 190:15 198:5 201:11 205:18 216:15 255:6 267:19 273:5 Schalk 165:17,19 science 274:5 325:4 329:8,14 Sciences 168:16 scientific 325:4 334:16 335:10 336:5 Scientist 232:23 233:11 scientists 229:13 Scott 160:22 323:24 scraped 174:25 315:25 se 262:23 sea 229:4 seafood 217:16 Seattle's 270:7 second 153:9,25 168:12 190:23,24 196:18,22 199:8 204:17 211:5,6 233:4 238:3 250:10 252:2 253:6 266:9 271:13 276:4 285:19 290:18 296:14,20 308:9,14 section 168:16 242:2 288:22 307:16 sections 206:14 sediment 161:14 163:3 see 159:3 168:14,17,17 168:22 169:17,23 170:9 174:14 177:17 180:14 184:10 185:19 186:25 187:25 188:11 192:18 193:7,13 195:5 196:24 200:20 200:21 201:14 202:16 203:7 204:1,17,23,25 206:11 207:13 210:14 210:16 211:9,9,24 217:10 218:3 219:13 223:16 226:25 228:1 228:25 236:11 237:21 241:17,18,20 245:9 247:2 251:9,19 252:3 252:19 253:9 256:11 256:19,23 257:1 260:17 261:7 262:5,6 263:1 266:17,17 269:11,22 270:18 271:7,10 274:9,11 276:10 285:2 288:23 294:2 296:22,24,25 299:8,23 300:1,25 301:2,3 304:14 305:10,12 306:4 307:16,21 310:7 316:17 317:23 seeing 227:4 299:9 seen 160:16 161:23 165:10 168:8 182:17 194:6 214:20 215:21 222:5 227:2,6 229:15 231:1 233:6 235:24 244:16 273:6 284:1 288:13 293:21 self-evident 204:8 sell 278:2 279:2 selling 181:15 204:12 205:14 265:6 314:4,8 314:12 332:15,22 333:4 send 325:11 sensational 230:14 sense 160:2 285:11 302:6,21 sensitive 208:22 289:1 317:6 sent 192:12 228:8,9 231:12 244:23 282:14 282:23 324:9 sentence 193:15 195:2 195:14,15 196:6 198:21 199:14 207:11 207:15,17 208:16 209:2 210:23 211:5,9 223:14,16 237:21 238:11,17,20 277:20 284:24 305:13 308:9 308:14,15 309:2,3 311:11 327:18 sentences 277:24 278:20 Sep 315:13 Separate 272:4,6 separating 315:13 September 151:24 198:15 201:17 204:4 204:11,11 205:13 series 200:25 201:5 318:25 serious 223:5 seriousness 208:17 209:2 220:10 serve 224:22 serves 266:12 Service 152:12 256:15 session 153:9,20 221:20 set 235:7,9 settles 305:4 sewer 191:11 share 323:13 331:9 shared 331:17,18 SHEET 340:3 Sherman 180:8 Sherwin 310:17 Sherwin-Williams 310:22 shipment 158:8 shoe 247:7,7 short 189:18 221:16 229:22 234:11 290:22 shorthand 338:10 shortly 324:7 325:20 show 190:10 214:14 215:4 221:4 264:8 270:7 326:5 WATER PCB-SD0000017886 Page 16 showed 334:13 shown 206:18 258:5 273:19 333:10 shows 249:18 shrimp 203:18 208:22 217:17 sic 165:18 side 184:11 270:11 311:19 signature 283:3 338:11 340:24 341:13 signed 260:12 341:14 341:15 significant 210:2 227:13,16 silage 174:21,23 177:4 silo 177:1 178:3 180:22 silos 172:17 173:13,20 177:16 silver 243:2 similar 174:2 311:23 SIMILARLY 148:6 149:6 simply 170:10 sir 153:22 160:17 164:2 165:11 168:9 172:4 185:21 190:16 201:14 211:25 220:24 267:20 sisters 230:16 sitting 305:24 SITUATED 148:6 149:6 situation 202:11 204:5 220:11 224:9 282:25 287:24 315:4 situations 160:5 six 149:18 171:12 217:14 230:16 258:5 258:17,25 326:2 sketches 215:4 skip 243:6 247:16 251:25 273:2 Slap 267:16 slight 186:10 slightly 219:17 220:9 slowly 195:23 sludge 188:17 small 186:11 205:2 208:20 303:15 snow 270:5 soaked 187:15 societies 317:6 sodium 184:23 185:13 soften 298:16 soil 191:11,16,20,23,24 sold 245:16 256:18 260:22 295:10 311:11 solidified 331:19 solubility 167:11,13,24 soluble 305:20,23 306:2 solution 184:23 185:13 solutions 271:18 solvent 298:13 solvents 298:19 somebody 167:22 180:8 231:9 286:6 301:13 305:24 306:12 Sonnenbom 284:19 285:22 286:23 sophisticated 319:9 Soren 229:17 232:24 sorry 164:12 187:24 190:3 218:18 255:1,4 259:10 260:4 267:16 272:25 278:6,13 301:1 307:20 312:16 317:9 sorts 219:12 sought 309:19 sound 231:18 soundness 231:17 source 165:2 174:13 176:9 190:11 214:6 286:16 sources 199:21 Southeast 328:22 speak 199:1 208:9 223:25 287:14 297:9 speaker's 196:3 speaking 268:11 Special 151:14 Specialist 148:20 152:13 species 208:19 209:1 specific 155:19 161:5 166:6 175:21 182:4 187:3 205:21 215:22 219:13 289:8 314:22 315:5 326:5 specifically 159:4 168:10 174:11 203:12 240:16 255:22 269:2 269:6 302:16 specifics 180:18 237:4 specimen 163:16 speculate 158:3,9 speculation 194:23 200:12 206:1 223:24 225:11 237:3,14 247:10 248:6,15 250:6 251:14 262:19 287:5,15 288:2 289:24 297:22 313:14 spelled 208:18 209:3 spills 160:6 spirit 321:24 Sport 329:16 332:12 335:7 spray 248:16 sprayed 238:5 241:23 242:7,7,25 250:4 251:12 sprays 243:4 spread 306:8 Springgate 151:13 152:11 165:16,21 166:16 246:11,12,16 Springs 155:18 square 188:15 St 148:24 149:20 150:15 162:7 168:17 200:5 231:13 236:4,8 284:13 323:20 324:8 325:21 341:6 stability 184:11 185:2 185:18 195:22 196:8 stable 184:17 297:12 staff 231:19 stands 268:11 start 153:9 168:13 208:16 228:23 235:21 271:13 297:25 317:21 started 273:18 295:8 318:10 322:17 325:20 starting 170:20 189:20 200:19 221:18 228:23 235:2 270:11 290:24 starts 223:14 235:11 241:16 268:9 305:10 state 149:21 203:20 277:2 280:7 281:25 316:21 329:9 339:3 stated 195:18 203:12 280:22 statement 152:8 165:6 177:6,7 195:8 196:1 196:14,16 197:7,10 204:3,10 205:4,11 206:22 208:3 211:2 218:17,22 219:8,22 220:4,9,22 236:4,15 237:12 238:1,9 239:1 275:1 278:3 279:4 283:12,15 statements 220:18 339:4 states 161:1,3,6 176:24 206:14 207:23 231:15 236:8 277:21 278:21 320:5 321:3 322:9 326:22 327:13 329:3 334:22 stationed 284:13 stations 237:7 stay 270:12 306:14 Stephen 150:22 steps 169:25 170:7 177:15 274:22 300:21 Steve 288:8 291:3 Steve's 234:7,14 sticker 239:12 240:4 sticking 242:24 sticks 291:18 sticky 243:24 stimulated 199:25 stipulate 213:6 264:1 stipulating 319:18 stipulation 264:6 stir 300:20 Stockholm 229:19 231:20 stop 189:15 290:14 314:8 332:15 333:4 stopped 314:12 storage 174:21 269:21 269:21 storing 172:17 story 227:13 Strand 152:5 strange 291:14 streams 191:10 193:3 Street 148:23 150:23 strike 244:8 272:19 288:1 studies 160:23 167:19 192:17,17,21 193:21 193:23 302:17 304:21 325:13,13 study 151:14,23 193:7 studying 230:9 Styrene 266:3 subheading 288:23 subject 157:7 158:22 165:23,23 179:1 209:24 219:11 260:16 subjected 188:14 subjects 324:23 submit 202:19 subscribed 233:11 338:14 339:11 subscribing 340:7 substance 292:2 substantial 195:20 197:2,8 sub-A 219:6 sub-B 219:15 sub-heading 184:16 185:17 187:23 188:3 188:10 sue 271:2 sued 291:5 sufficiently 197:8 sugar 269:22 306:2 suggest 249:4 276:8 suggested 183:7 196:10 196:16 216:7 suggestions 196:23 suing 272:17,17 Suite 148:23 149:20 150:10,15 341:5 sulfuric 185:25 186:6 186:10,15 187:16 summarized 246:1 334:15 summarizes 162:22 summary 162:11 216:6 216:10,12,13 219:2 220:24 221:2 288:23 310:5 summer 199:9 supermarket 200:4 supervised 162:8 supplying 259:17 support 181:16 196:16 232:20 supported 181:14 suppressant 242:24 suppression 241:16,17 sure 160:1 173:1 177:15 185:6 192:1 210:7 233:6 250:16 253:4,20 265:5 287:18 290:19 293:6 296:10 surely 206:17 surface 229:5 267:12 297:16 298:3 300:8 303:25 315:1,2,9,14 surfaces 155:22 156:12 156:20 169:16 242:24 surprise 322:4 326:6 326:10 surroundings 297:9 survey 245:7,13,21,21 245:22,25 suspect 174:13 303:6 suspected 176:8 suspicion 174:16 291:13 Sweden 154:24 203:22 206:15 227:24 318:11 321:8 Swedish 154:2 228:23 230:7 318:17,17 swiftly 286:17 swimming 261:6,13,24 299:24 300:23 306:22 306:25 315:6 switched 157:20 sworn 149:16 338:7 339:11 synthetic 269:11 system 191:11 S-h-a-l-k 165:18 T table 151:23 257:1 258:1,15 299:23 300:4,6,7 302:15 311:23 313:2 tacky 243:24 take 160:24 170:8 171:23 177:12 182:6 192:8 205:13 212:4 WATER PCB-SD0000017887 Page 17 214:18 216:3 221:12 233:24 234:2,6 244:16 248:19 257:19 268:12 274:22,22 276:24 288:10 290:18 309:21 311:15 315:23 320:2 323:12 331:16 336:8,18 taken 148:15 169:25 177:15 189:18 192:1 202:13,14 220:19 221:16 234:11 290:22 303:11 332:23 338:10 takes 309:19 talk 184:15 talked 156:17,19 176:21 180:8 227:12 293:4 324:1 332:8 talking 154:24 155:3 159:9,11 161:7 187:6 189:1,4 190:10 209:8 209:11,13 210:3 225:23 234:19 254:16 273:14 278:12 279:23 282:13 283:17 311:24 325:24 talks 185:17 296:21 307:23 308:10 tap 167:9,14,24 tape 153:4 189:17,20 221:15,18 235:2 290:24 292:1 336:17 337:18 tarry 295:22 task279:18,18 334:9 334:21,25 335:21 336:8 team 178:22 181:4 technical 152:9 230:10 232:19 240:4,11,16 240:21 241:10 312:4 techniques 171:22 289:3 322:20,23 323:4,15,25 Technology 274:5 tell 157:24 166:7 173:10 179:1 182:21 202:7 225:13 239:5 260:5 286:23 287:1 300:19 304:19 338:7 telling 241:11 276:5 301:16 tells 245:24 temperature 184:22 tenaciously 191:20 Tenth 148:1 149:1,23 tenure 182:12 213:18 336:9 ten-fold 242:16 term 209:11,13 212:25 214:3 294:8 terminated 259:18 termination 259:24 terminology 291:25 termite 243:18 termites 243:16 terms 182:22 212:24 240:12 252:25 294:5 terphenyl 242:20,21 265:19 293:2,3,24 terphenyls 202:21 265:24 test 188:14 testified 157:22 testimony 171:15 189:22 312:9 333:19 341:12 thallate 224:24 225:22 thallates 225:15 Thank 168:8 201:12 205:19 207:18 210:12 216:14,19 221:19 235:3,19 240:1 267:20 301:25 317:17 317:18 Thanks 184:8 theory 233:8 thereto 340:7 thick239:4 296:5 thicker 309:5,18 things 160:1 280:20 295:9 306:11,12 317:7 331:21 think 153:18,19 164:3 171:3 181:10,15 204:8 212:20 214:15 221:23 231:7 233:15 234:3 236:5 239:16 252:21 257:4,5,5 264:11 265:1 271:12 273:2 275:4 281:8,8 281:10 282:8 288:7 290:15 292:25 293:2 297:9 306:1 311:15 312:9 323:20 337:15 thinking 158:4 232:4 third 166:2 175:19 179:22 217:7 231:16 237:18 242:1 243:8 256:3 265:13 266:1 274:15 thirty 341:14 tho 200:8 thought 307:7 thousand 252:13,14,17 Thousands 283:3 threat 222:24 three 163:8 214:25 226:10 230:16 243:3 thrown 293:4 tiled 262:4,14,15 time 156:1,5 157:19 159:14 162:4 163:23 166:13 169:11,12,22 171:25 172:15 173:25 174:9,11 177:5,21 180:10 182:10,23 186:1 191:23 197:23 198:1 203:10 204:9 207:1 209:5 211:2,3 211:18 212:11,13 213:16 215:10,14 216:4 217:20 218:7 218:17 220:13 222:10 224:9,12,16 225:21 226:1,4 227:5 229:15 239:5,25 255:17 259:7,11,12,13,14,15 261:15 263:2,4 268:20 269:17 271:20 273:3,13,16 275:5,15 277:5 286:2 288:8 306:21 316:23 317:4 317:7 319:10 320:5 320:20 321:1 323:23 326:5 328:4,16 329:9 329:17,23 331:17 332:6,7 333:20 334:16 335:16 336:11 336:21 337:8 338:6 times 293:21 294:10 336:11 timing 283:16,22 316:11 321:4 tin 169:21 tires 238:12 309:21 tissue 208:20 tissues 196:12 title 158:17,20 167:4 232:23 288:16 titled 169:15 206:10 236:4 266:2 today 162:5 165:11 192:4 291:23 318:4,7 336:19 told 320:3 tools 319:10 320:4,12 322:8,11 top 199:5 216:22 232:11 237:19 238:4 241:13 245:12 257:10 268:8 269:8 271:8 276:3 278:9 311:4 topic 241:16 topics 318:6 Torger 148:15 150:3,4 163:25 194:1 234:12 282:16 341:14 total 200:16 202:11 208:9 282:24 293:14 294:23 totally 220:21 291:14 touching 338:8 tower 166:21 towers 166:4 253:22 tox 218:25,25 toxic 208:20 219:7,17 238:22 243:1 toxicity 219:3 233:6 toxicological 218:25 toxicology 220:17 325:12 toxic-fatal 217:17 tra 271:7 trace 186:10 tracks 315:2 tradename 292:3,4 traffic 271:8,11 315:3 Train 223:21 training 159:23 160:8 Train's 224:1 transcript 151:20 341:11,13,14,14 transfer 314:17 transferring 315:2 transition 157:18 transported 191:24 trapped 191:11,16 treated 185:25 treatment 186:9,15 tree 252:1,4,19,21 272:17 trees 229:5 252:23 253:1 tried 324:23 triggered 176:10 Trout 155:18 true 175:17 176:3 188:9,22 189:10 193:17 202:2 211:13 238:23 264:18 265:5 266:19 276:17 292:22 292:24 296:19 309:25 310:20 328:21 339:4 truly 207:12,25 208:4 trust 285:25 truth 338:7 try 225:2 306:1 307:12 trying 155:14 162:24 167:20 168:13 170:3 170:9 194:14 239:24 239:25 281:12,14,16 281:18,21,23 282:22 283:21 303:14 Tucker 160:22 169:2 323:24 turn 184:5 214:11 299:4 TVs 237:8 two 171:4,4,11 226:17 256:17 264:23 277:24 278:20 293:9,13 294:6 310:11,12,13 two-coat 269:20 270:15 type 187:1,4,7 217:19 237:5 250:9 276:15 295:19 297:18 309:18 315:8 types 164:24 215:1 256:17 268:11 305:11 313:5 324:24 331:18 typical 168:11 182:19 199:14 303:25 304:2 T-e-r-p-h-e-n-y-1 242:22 U uh-huh 193:17 196:20 209:23 250:17 252:4 254:1 255:5 291:8 296:2 300:24 301:3 301:15 302:10 304:10 308:6,16 311:9 Uh-uh 263:6 UK 163:3 ultimate 264:24 un 156:6,7 unaffected 185:25 unappreciated 156:7 unclear 281:1 uncontrollable 315:4 undated 256:3 undefined 214:4 underscores 223:9 224:8 understand 157:13 162:25 164:1 182:7 186:25 201:24 202:11 209:5 213:1 215:7 245:20 258:1 281:9 282:6 293:6 295:1 308:17,18 311:5,10 313:20 318:7 332:1 333:9,18 334:20 understanding 154:7 154:20 161:10 163:24 169:18 170:9 214:23 223:21 224:2 240:20 248:12 260:20 261:1 285:11,12 286:1 305:15 313:23 314:5 329:23 333:2 334:24 understood 174:24 202:9 209:17,20 276:13 290:6 334:18 underway 201:6 undue 276:9 unfair 264:12 281:11 282:3 unfairly 264:9 unfortified 243:3 United 161:1,3,6 206:13,15 207:22 212:7 213:10 236:7 278:21 320:5 321:3 WATER PCB-SD0000017888 Page 18 322:9 326:22 327:13 329:3 334:22 units 228:14 universal 211:7 universities 279:22 University 207:20 229:19 231:20 320:24 328:11 329:9 unknown 229:15 247:6 251:8 unnecessary 272:22 unpleasant 287:19 unreliable 286:16 287:13 untreated 256:17 unusual 156:7 un-degraded 193:13 upper 236:12 257:11 278:16 upside 267:16 usage 289:15 USDA 332:8 335:6 use 154:21,22 155:21 155:23 156:3,4,9,10 156:11,14,19 157:1,3 157:9 159:6 162:14 166:3,6 167:20 177:1 179:6,18 180:4,16,24 180:25 181:12 189:6 196:15 205:15 212:19 243:17 249:5 255:21 256:18 257:2,22 258:21 259:5 261:12 261:25 262:8,9,16 263:20 264:19,25 265:1,6,7 266:19,21 267:3,4,9,10 268:24 268:25 269:1,15 270:1,1,8,21 271:23 271:24 286:19 292:2 294:8,11 309:14 312:19 326:16 332:15 user 295:20 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270:5 315:25 want 159:6 163:25 164:22 177:10 184:15 190:1,22 191:2 194:25 207:9 210:13 211:5,22 213:15 216:4 221:24 222:19 223:13 226:8 233:24 234:2 235:16 241:15 242:4 243:6 246:22 255:9 257:16 264:14 265:2 274:7 277:21 280:8,21 283:11 290:7 291:21 293:6 296:7 303:24 308:17 309:16 316:19 318:5 337:11 wanted 153:10 154:4 157:16 183:15 198:7 237:10 254:19 313:7 317:21 326:11 WARD 148:4 149:4 warnings 277:22,25 278:23,25 279:4,8,12 280:9 283:13 wash 306:15 washed 316:1 washing 200:1,4,9 217:25 Washington 291:12 wasn't 170:7 171:20 174:25 181:22 194:23 260:20 276:12,13 290:13 314:25 waste 160:1 191:10 wastes 195:21 water 161:14 163:3 164:25 165:3,25 166:4,4,21,21 167:9 167:14,24 169:16,22 169:23,23 170:11,13 170:14 191:23 192:1 193:8 199:10 230:6 253:22,22 254:5,7 266:22 273:18,19,20 304:17,22 305:1,7,8 305:21,23 306:2,7,9 306:15,23 315:10 327:8 328:10,22 waters 217:15 way 155:15 180:10 196:4 204:8 233:9,19 234:6 235:17 236:5 241:3 246:4 248:7 275:5 282:1 291:19 295:2 297:7,10,19,20 298:6 303:17,18 310:15 314:19 ways 311:18 week 243:3 weeks 171:4,11,12 234:20 weight 293:14,14,15,18 301:7,11,11 Wemmer-Gren 229:16 went 174:5 226:15 283:5 287:20 313:21 324:14 325:19 weren't 254:25 322:9 West 150:10,23 246:19 western 203:24 we'll 235:18,18 251:25 326:4,4 336:20 we're 153:9 187:6 189:16 217:3 221:14 221:17 234:9,19 235:1,4,8 247:20 253:10 267:17,21 272:16 288:7 290:20 317:19,19 320:1 336:20 we've 169:1 176:21 221:20 234:12,15 235:10 244:3 268:17 271:11 293:4 323:25 329:24 332:8 335:5 WHEREOF 338:14 white 270:5 widespread 197:2 223:8 224:7 Widmark 207:6,24 318:18 320:14,15 321:7,11 322:21 Wiegers 148:19 149:21 338:3,22 340:6 341:20 wife 230:13 wildlife 148:10 149:10 156:25 203:24 280:11 329:15,16 330:1 331:11 332:13 335:7 335:24 337:7 William 148:3,14 149:3 149:15 150:6,7 172:11 275:7 339:3,7 340:1 341:11 Williams 180:9 310:18 willing 322:4,5 Willis 152:20 284:11 winds 205:10 Wisconsin 328:11 wiser 289:13 withdraw 272:23 withdrawal 175:21 withdrew 326:13 withstood 285:24 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252:19,21,23 Y yard 272:18 yeah 161:15 162:25 164:15 167:13 183:25 184:7 185:5,8,15 187:8 188:5 213:25 214:10,15,16 216:9 216:24 218:20 221:13 227:17 232:4 233:20 250:18 252:17 255:11 255:11 257:16 258:19 265:4 267:15 268:6 272:7 273:1,22 275:14 278:10,10 279:20 281:1 285:13 WATER PCB-SD0000017889 Page 19 285:15 286:3,11 294:19 299:11 307:14 307:20 308:22 310:19 310:23 317:5 321:4 year 197:18 205:8 267:24 270:17 307:5 years 166:6 197:24,25 199:17 205:24 222:21 226:24 230:16 yesterday 153:13,20 162:4 227:13 240:11 291:23 318:7 York275:12,13 336:11 0 003366 267:23 036717 199:6 1 1 153:4 159:5 189:17 202:20 208:17,19 217:8,13,23 218:9,12 258:14,15,20 303:2,2 304:13,25 310:5 314:1 337:12 1.3 311:2,3,6,11 1/12/67 152:6 1:00 234:6,14 290:15 1:19 290:21 1:30 290:24 10 186:4 195:24 196:3 304:13,25 341:3 10th 288:18 290:7 338:15 10/15/69 152:3,16 10/29/69 152:8 10/29/70 151:16 10:00 189:17 10:18 189:20 100 168:1 219:20 270:18 301:8 1015 148:23 11/28/66 152:5 11:14 221:15 11:18 221:18 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218:24 257:9 277:18 278:6,7,10,16 278:20 290:24 310:5 337:18 50 152:4 168:2 170:13 221:24 225:17 505 150:10 506 150:7 51 152:5 226:6 227:2 227:23 52 152:6 230:21,22 231:1 53 152:7 153:1 232:3,7 232:9 233:4 54 152:8 235:11,14,21 235:24 293:15,15 294:1 5442 243:24 5460 242:17,17 243:1,8 243:12 251:22 252:6 253:10 265:16 266:12 293:1,22 294:2 307:23,24 308:2 55 152:9 239:3 311:15 56 152:10 244:14,16 57 152:11 253:13 58 152:12 254:24 255:3 255:4 256:3 59 152:13 258:13 260:1 260:2,6 59457 150:5,8,11 59624 150:19 59807-7909 150:24 6 6 151:3,10,11,12,13,14 151:15,16,17,18,19 151:20,21,22,23,24 151:25 152:1,2,3,4,5 152:6,7 206:3 211:22 257:8 300:7 310:7 6/10/69 151:13 152:11 6/20/69 151:12 6/23/69 167:24 6/30/70 152:19 60 152:14 263:7,8 267:17 293:17,19 294:1 60s 157:9 241:6 299:16 600 149:20 150:15 341:5 61 152:15 267:13,14,17 267:17 268:14 62 152:16 272:24,25 273:2 63 152:17 273:4,6 63101-1329 148:24 63105 341:6 63105-3441 150:15 64 152:18 275:3,6,17 277:10,10,14 65 152:19 275:6,17 277:10,18 283:24 313:18 65A 152:20 283:24 66 152:21 288:4,11 67 152:23 197:15,16 WATER PCB-SD0000017890 288:7 290:17 670 188:8 68 152:24 235:14 241:6 288:7 290:17 337:13 69 161:12 167:19 198:16 209:22 7 7 183:21 184:5,6,7,9 213:4 252:9 262:24 7,000 252:11 7,000,000 252:11 7/17/70 151:21 7/28/70 151:15 7/29/71 152:20 7/31/68 152:7 70 261:20,22 283:19 71259:20 261:21 273:15 284:9,10 336:22 72 273:15 73 197:19,19 76 150:4 77 159:7 7909 150:23 8 8 187:22,25 188:1,2 204:16,21,22 299:4 299:22 80 195:3 800 148:25 88 152:8,9,10,11,12,13 152:14,15,16,17,18 152:19,20,21,22,23 152:24 __________ 9 9 296:11 9/28/70 151:10 9:00 153:10 911 148:23 Page 20 WATER PCB-SD0000017891