Document 6bb3kzmZjxN0Kbg0Jg2eLBQgo

TECHNICAL BRIEFS ENGINEERING DEVEtOPMCNTi ABROAD DIGESTED fOR BUSY POWER;*?! J '-J WATER TREATMENT Oeminemllialloa Process, by Daniel J Saunders, Permatit Co. This paper be* gins with discussion ol a water prac tically clear and colorless and ready for demineralisation. Many industrial services find calcium and magnesium salts the moat trouble some minerals. Lime and soda methods made up the first hardness-removing treatments. Then about 40 years ago the ceolite cation-exchange process was Invented. In this process, sodium(oolite-treated water contains sodium salts equivalent in amount to chlorides, sulphates and bicarbonates in the orig inal.water. Total dissolved solids stay the same as untreated water. In some instances.such a condition is objection able. Acid-resistant, carbonaceous, sulphonated cool teolites became available in 1936. Hydrogen Ions replace sodium, calcium and magnesium tons in water under this acid-zeolite treatment Add ing an alkali, such as sodium carbonate or caustic soda, or blending with the proper amounts of sodium-zeoltto-softened water neutralises hydrochloric and sulphurlo acids formed by ion exchange. Carbonic acid farmed la this same process decomposes into free carbon dioxide, and degasification will remove It Concentrations of chloride end sul phate in the rew water constitute the limiting factors on just how low total dissolved solids can go with this process. Deminerallxing by acid-absorbent Technical and Economic! Atpi anion exchangers produces a water of Water Purification for Ships, fe jj an electrolyte content equivalent to Kldnschmidt, Arthur D LittU, ' commercially distilled water. This Water aupply aboard ship has bJ process removes the sutphurie and problem as long as man has sai^jl hydrochloric acids formed In the cation seas. Because steam evsportters hjL process Removal of carbonic acid still fuel, scale and operating problems'ihj requires gasification. Fig. 1 shows the usa has not been universal Many e usual two steps involved in the acid- vessels still carry "shore water." absorbent anton exchangers: (1) the The Kleinsehmidt Vapor Cmapr conversion of salts to acfds (2) the sion Distilling unit, originally devefepjj removal of these acids. for the Marine Corps (or Pacific L. Silica removal down to 1-3 ppm can service, meets ship service requirtan l>e achieved by pretreatment where tur for these cargo vessels. It hu | bidity or color In raw woter makes such major parts: (11 mechanical ; treatment necessary. Ferric hydroxide source--turbine, internal-eombostJ floe or magnesium hydroxide act as engine or electric motor (2) steam e silica absorbents in pretreatment. pressor equal to compressing 22$ a it For more complete silica removal, two of steam down to 3 to S psfg (or t methods are available: (1) Soluble gallon ol water produced (3) crips fluoride can be added to water entering rntor to boil raw water and cosdt a hydrogen cation-cxchnnge unit and compressed steam (4) heat exc later an anion exchanger. (2) Hydro to heat incoming raw water by t gen-zeolite treated woter Is passed of distillate and waste brine (ram t through a special highly basic anion- evaporator (S) heat source fors exchange resin. Both methods give a the unit, usually waste heat (tom enjl water with silica content of only a jackets or exhaust. fraction of a ppm. Auxiliaries under certain eotu&tsen^ Choice of method Involves a complete include a feed pump to snpply f engineering study including (1) toler meter water, a condensate pump ll ance permissible lor various constit water Is to be delivered any disuse* oj uents In the treated water (2) operating to an elevated tank, a eleam-pre costs such as equipment, fuel, chemicals gage on compressor discharge; a ossa-1 and labor. These costa vary with loca meter on the evaporator, a feed-regeUt-ff tion, water, Tuel and chemicals. Fig. 2 big valve, a compressor steam bn**! helps compute chemical costs. Paper valve, drain and vent cocks, evaporetoj No. 8206-148. A portable upon request cleaning equipment. ASMS from Permatit Co, 330 IF 42nA St, Nets No 47-A-I36. York 18, N. Y. 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