Document 6bYryy8rJ9V7g00e5Gqndodv6

pes^uaby 2J, j 1 antral mu ^ tS ' pf normal | ical-j ptovm with i ve for p.c.a. 1 Reyfeld'a ditt< mowing normal ( so gastric i.p. | tion with peno t thirty-eight; n atrophic __ no correlation t* m lcveli (using ( Gastrin levels i ml. in eleven | i per hour mg j i twenty-seven p 1000 ng, units t with the concept'! stritis and att rminants of the l onding changes I achlorhydric dearly valuable I a of atrophic j also valuable h.| i a majority of; of pernicious i ;ch patient will fc4gl :rption or vitamh^l eater importance Mai lajoricy ji patienaih| , often patchy, as ntj numerically i jcveloptnenl of | r.t or overt paniawl 4 R. G. Stxicxlu* j [ARY CIRRHOSIS cirrhosis are pignns*t| ve shown that bile a-1 et bases in normil e| uritic effect is als*| ,ts show a non-!, detergent effect on I e cytotoxic properties lytic enzymes, whid^ The dihydttwy* y salts, probably d**J 1 and we found the a| 1 ruritogens than d* c] te epidermal eking peptide and this m-y P" fore, that the 1 J. dig. DU. 1913,11,** ' .. Br. mid. J. l7*. i*,*' jnd Disease; p- lit. I ~ I. Dlrm. 1955. SS, ML .unn. A* F. J. Coiled I* Ms 24*. (jtNCEt, FEBRUARY 22, 1975 459 ' low concentration* of proteolytic enzymes in the o the non-specific cytotoxic effect* of bile salt* ifcto "we. jnt for both the pigmentation and the pruritus of *" ^ *itb chronic obstructive jaundice. <^tment d Dcmirtw- j. l. Bottom J- Knrnr. -,,a0MOSOME ABERRATIONS IN WORKERS U EXPOSED TO VINYL CHLORIDE _ --Epidemiological evidence suggests that the risk Jrn^Hgnancy is increased in workers chronically exposed * chloride (v.c.).1"* The carcinogenicity of V.C. tun jc: 'nstrated in animal experiments.* In-vitro ' and vperiments suggest that the carcinogenicity of "1 ptv ,0ly depends on the formation of an alkylating impound, presumably chloroetbylene oxide. Since carcinogenic chemicals are often mutagenic,* we wondered A v.c. is also mutagenic. In fact v.c. has been reported u inducing mutations in Salmonella typhimurium in the Macnce of metabolically active liver homogenates.1* If'aUtylarion of d.n.a. by v.c. metabolites also produces chromosomal aberrations in man, chromosomal analyses be used as an indicator of risk and also possibly be helpful in establishing a genetically meaningful maxi mum allowable concentration of V.c. We report an inoeaied frequency of chromosomal aberrations in workers exposed to v.c. Seven occupationally exposed male worker* and three Mn-exr >sed control subjects, all employed in the same factory -ere studied. The level of exposure to v.c. had continu usly decreased during past year*. In the weeks preceding the collection of blood-samples for chromosomal analysis (before the summer holidays in 1974) the air concentration in the polymerisation department was estimated to be 20-30 p.p.m. Workers had been exposed I. Creech, J. L., Johnson, M- M. 7- occup. Mid. 1974, IS, 130. 1- Lee, F. I., Herrv, D- S. Ldnrrr, 1974, i, 1314. 1 Monson, R. R,, Peters, J. M., Johnson, M. N. Hid. 1974, ii, 397. 4. Block, J. B. J. Am. mid. All. 1974, 229, 53. 5. Holmbot, B-, Molina, O. Wk. metros. Hhh. 1974, It. 130. 4 MsJtoni, G, Lefe/mne, G. Arrows. Jtrr. 1974, 7, 307. 7. Gothe. R., Callenun, C. J., Ehrenbert, L., Wechmeisrce, C A. Amine, 1974, 3, 234. a Oster-rsn-Golkar. S., Segerblck, D., Ehrenbert, L. Unpublished. 4. Mi.. g. C,, Miller, J. A. nt Chemical Mutagens, Principles ad A' ids for their Detection (edited by A. Hoileender); roL 1, P Sew York, 1971. 19. Rai. v, U., Johansson, A,, Ramei, C, Warhmmrer, G A. Amtie, 1974, 3, 194. to v.c for 9*29 yean. Clinical examinations had been carried out at tegular intervals. None of the workers had showed disturbed liver function, signs of aero-osteolysis or hzmatological changes, except for case A in which there was slight thrombocytopenia and an x,-antitrypsin defici ency. Chromosomal analyses were made on cells from con ventional lymphocyte-cultures incubated for 48 and 72 hours. All blood specimens and slides were coded and analysed blindly. The result of the chromosome analysis is given in the accompanying table. The data for the control subjects were homogenous and therefore pooled. Altogether they comprised 566 cells, 11 of which (1-94%) contained chro mosomal aberration*. This finding might be explained by previous diagnostic X-rays. The frequency of aberra tions nevertheless accorded with that of a male population selected at random.11 1450 cells from the group exposed to v.C. were analysed, 800 in the 48-hour cultures and 630 in the 72-hour cultures. In none of the cases was there a statistically significant difference in the frequency of aberrations between the 48 and 72 hour cultures. Therefore these data were pooled. The frequency of abnormal cells in the group exposed to V.G (9-52%) was significantly greater than in the controls (p < 0-001). This wss also true for chromatid and isochro matid breaks when analysed separately, but not for the remaining types of aberrations. The highest frequency of abnormal cells wss found in those subjects who had the shortest duration of exposure (see table), and two cases (C and F) did not differ signific antly from the controls. A *' test of the frequencies of abnormal cells also revealed a significant deviation from homogeneity (p< 0-001). The negative correlation ofjhe frequency of abnormal cells with the time of exposure was not significant. Therefore, on the basis of the present data it is not possible to discuss the biological background of this heterogeneity. We thank the staff at KemiNord, Stockviksverken, for cooperation and Miss Anita Tillbetg for technical assistance. The expenses for the present study wen covered by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (3681) and the Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health. ------------------------------------ LfCplRnMAt Of UlflWII XKturoolmlifsukkai HHaowipfiiittailL, Stockholm. Sweden. Deportment of Radiobiotofy, WelUnberf Laboratory, Univanity of Stockholm. Sweden Francisco Fbnm-Cravioto Da * u__,_ i-AMSWIT Jam LtNDSTSN. Lars Ehrensero A. T. Natarajam Srv Osterman-Golkar. 11. Court-Brown, W, Me Human Population Cytoftnetk*a P* 17. Amsterdam, 1W, . AwnuTioM m woum bxpossd to vmyi chloudi lubiwta m4i A B C Jr C *M-G) i7) Gaps No. of difttant t*paa of ahettaiiona Duration of ex posure (yr.) crib analyaad Chroma tid fsoduow midd Chroma* tid Chn* madd break* rhanj-- Itochro- Dicentric Ring m*cii4 ehromo* chroma* break* tomes some* Other type* 0 364 5 4 41 42 9 200 22 a 19 2 19 0 9 230 15 14 24 I 17 3 13 230 4 0 51 53 IS 200 t 3 12 1 90 19 130 3 X 40 50 20 200 1 1 00 10 29 200 9 12 70 91 1430 2 48 71 5 45 0 *0 01 l2 10 02 02 02 11 3 10 Total 12 41 48 14 24 11 3 19 140 No. of abnormal ccU* Toni % a 1-94 34 18 00 37 14-90 13 4-90 22 1100 11 7-33 3 150 17 8 50 318 9-32* A teat of h*crofnrity pave * 47-77* 4 dX. r <0001. UCC REO'D Notice; This material may be prctectsa *>y copyright law (Title 17 u.S. Code). DEC 21 1384 UCC 040729