Document 6b7vrqoyMR7jV6nayRDnr3BBd

FILE NAME: US Government Contractor Regulations Including Shipyard Regulations (GCR) DATE: 1952 DOC#: GCR001 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Walsh Healey Act Safety & Health Standards S A F E T Y AND HEAL TH --fl STANDARDS #* U \i *$&?r.:43 52 " ~ Tv.A:H4:5 &*>-f' - ;'o-A'^'T''' f f VA `"'-- i. '.^V*;.Vv*-4't^^*' ,''s-'^ ' -ri-f -V .'' <'" i t , ; ' ,0 . For Contractors aa ?' At a ; a .- performing Federal Supply fNS*i^ S iA A lfe A AA; ': AsA: J;?.` Aa;^Ald iy tCdrti%at$Mmtervt}w c p " '. ' A<:'A' `'kihPb v.^A; s., \ F '. W^Va:;/` H '' I -r-: A A ^ A ^ A aA A ^ -'?P ^ : ? P ^ $ P P L L ^ -A A A A w . - A a a 'a - ^ ^ P P A - A ^ - A a ,-** * y .?. >. -t 5" ; : ',; '; :V::'*-'I'1' -.* -V-',< A' ,VHA/ -/'^'!'-v-'^ A * /"V' -,v:' v '-''*'-''V''-^ h` v'- 'X--J:'\'-`C""'< " '-,"'\."i V `. '' N;' .A '; . ' * '^ . > - - Y A A ^ A " A'A>AA AlA'A' A" 'X ; ?. , r - " } ' : / - v 'S'A, iiy>>- " v y .; -- '-. a vy v" . / 'i ' ' AA,-fu-:;*?1" ' Yv;v $*v'**f'A. ' .A* '"5/ ' ':A aA : - v'5 tj IK.lXv>t,VkA hu 1 - -. ^ ' ; j r<*A'3,/:,>J--i'/vA;.1';: ^ J'JA r'"' ' y , UNITED SPATES.DEPARTMENT.oe labor. - ' - ` ; ! ',;A A --'v'ii, ..' jJAURICE J. TOBIN, Secretary U ,S, '-' Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions, . . ' WM. R. McCOMBi Adrhinistra.tor V' WASHINGTON, D. C. iV-A'J : '.M' A5 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE W A S H I N G T O N 19 3 2 r a esa C f* , ; ^FOBEWOED *.- ' * ** : Tb* -Wpbh-Hafer Public- Ccmtricti' Act w q t w - tto t m tewte " t e m falto far ay gaer rf -the-United S tr te Govermxmat lo r tibe m S L t e i i J iu r a f th in g sF im te ia ls; wPPTjb*. fa any amount ffiEeeediag 110.000 meat contain, mnom ther contract wflPbs of the M te m is . spplfs. asUd.es. r oqidpneiifc to b e famished under' Id eentraet be sm iiufsetaral or f a f a r i ^ t e W ptaite. . faetones, buildings, as. surroundings. as* under working 6 * ^ * are im m itary or hazardous far-dangerous to fee health md erf - ployees engaged in the performance of the contract . . 1U a booklet contains the a a fttr and health stodard which ^ D sn ld f e , SO T tary of Labor and the Administrator ef the W a p and Hour and Public Contracts Division in the administration of the Act, " d whiAwffl be applied in determining whether, in specific see. Government p n to c te are being performed under safe and sanitary conditions. These stead* a,, based to s large extent on codes approved fay the American S te n p rd s Association and safety and health cedes adopted by a number of States, and generally represent what have been shown by Industria! txpenrac to fa reasonable minimum standards for safety and health. Space limitations <rf this bulletin permit compiteticm only of those standards relating to safety and sanitation problems which ar commonly met by employers, and preciada inclusion of materials relating to meara w in hazards m situations. The measures to be taken to meet tmmmmm hssarda should be reasonable in the light erf the dreurastenees. Pstrthsr. these standards a sot la may way intended to limit or supersede State m safety and sanitation -cod, and where such cades provide a t e te r more exact standards, compliance wife such higher standard wsS be deemed compliance with the Public Contraste Act. The failure to maintain proper safety and health standards in the performance of contracta auojert to the Public Contracta Act constitutes a breach of contract which may provide the basis for meeltetfos of the contract, and makes fee 'party responsible for such breach abject to ib ineligible list sanctions provided in the Act. These standards were prepared by the B u m s of Labor Standard in ewpmti0B with the Wage and Hour m d Public Contract Division, ad eheekod for adequacy and suitability for w e la the S ta te with wpr* ntatve of typical State kb er department. We wish to take this eppor- tonify to fe e effiemk for their smisisaie in making feto puhlL cation possible. \0O Vi TABLE O F CONTENTS EJtX I--SAFETY PROGRAMS PAY DIVIDENDS A. Acddwt,, . , w . . " -- * ^ * - * t - w * - *-*- * y. ^jsiag'HBSs^' Part i Sft -- (j, ' W orker's TPart ^ Safety ------ - B teresttgatta? &t Aeridaatt ara Pwrtta&S : PA R T- II--r e q u ir e m e n t s A. &Jrr mtm B. BoUdinga and t Biddings ' *. Ftesrfl derated platform . A A Stairways o r ssapa ` A Elevator A Illumination ---- ~ ------ 7. Airies ad pa*8'raF A Ladders -- ---->---- 9. Orerlsead wark ---- ~-- 10. JSo&sstsegptaf and *rdr ii. Yard* and gwand ----- It. Haterala 1A Compressed game _ ---- ------ 14. Special preeasltoa tve w n * flmmm 1A Tlsmm&Um LMSste 1A Expletives ----------- It, Spanl Ignittea 1A Eketrieal psipmrat 19. TooU C, f i F p tw a ea sad Fsatertk 1. Building eg m s -- --- --~ i. Tin ssctmguidsfeig r^sas D, Praaaura Vaaaala t F M preeraw < / i Stimm Boiler* ---- ---------- Vt i H asting bailen and nriasalUnauus small (e) Stmm riser, digester giua pots, - *, CempresMcl A ir MahiaT and 'Sm lpm eat __ V i SwUehm and Mr Seetrieal m pm rntm ( t ) Bell, pulley, g w *d shaft S" ^8 f i; LabrSsstk () C e d in g ------. (f) Operation sm& wrist (l) Afteret!" (k) Piping 11 (i) Vahrea f |j Reeslwrt fk) Wsrkiag psMss (l) AUlsa (m) Safsty 1 003 r-gg */> M&stoar^ aariSae S SaUtegs ga tete*. XI *. Seas* U n t. Bolt*, panam ata. ----- u 4 Vertfesi sad lacUsed ia to , 8. M arinatal Bolts il C me psJkjra aad M ts 7. Maehl&a ste! -- .. Si t. Bolt A liw e 18 a FaB?~*e&tfe m a&mmag 14 14 S& Qmm, u. E&fmea fcay oat* 14 at. Ffywiawia * smmg h. 14 14 14. Atassia fends 14 M SaajltBg -- SS (&) Heneo U SS W B~wpodSes --...... I m Bisfcty, apparta SS {m*>Stpoitartdes-------- 1166 w M eoatlags aad fastasbags (h) B ast cafeaast prercidoaa . 16 fi) Exportares paramad ___ 16 16 (!) Expeeor mjmstmmt m W__arf_e___ ___________ Si 16 U. Miniatipaseo Mesfei&s ....... " .......... . . . " 16 W SJewsMag, esdUs&e r ndpeaeatSag parts f a |t e m f*w <)fl> fife* devlsw ,, 16 17 W Frejastiae parts 17 W s w M n t stock . (*) Hofe ndsatloB . 17 17 I ll Fase _______ 17. BswaMsir p&sw. 17 17 Uu.. SoastSarrwiaaefeteai.to*a*e wdfifet m spHaea 1177 f) Bmp 17 M Haasts as 17 17 f) Metal slbwtsi 17 Bsmi ara? hmst b sfe , rfc m*r.......... ..- (*) Q realar halfa tppo , W Boe kalfe typt -- Onestar rip Sol&fcad dnsster rtp W - M Isnid rip Onestar s s a at Swta est gg m m Onmtsr m w * ,, PertaM dreata** IX fobttr ar k n pis , Orafefaatiss woodwortdaie li mt/mmths tUsg ... Sferttatae Ocia' Meofekrs, atewrg. m i Fissai rafa............. n a __ 003384 IS. Sise ssadfs . SU, I h m wader U , ~m8f&"=ZZ---------------------- 1 ~ H e; f w S S H T J^ r= :^ z ^ ru i^ ^ " -- THC'"WSoa'Iwsi 'twtffinik'lMneMiiw S ' trT drjo*hT w '= ^^^ so " ` 18.' T easer cOppf dr~6tter3 -.-...i.z.... m G> Cranm rand Hoists ssr...-~.-^;..,,.r. to --fc--werlsesd-tralleye m -s^teraM s^ w 1t~-smm ............................ .... to M Btanpew s.__...., ... ,......... -,. to , r --in, ihi,-- <- JS/TWJlWi i^ nniAT_Tr*frn.miinrr^ii r m - -- ff)-Fm oarw ..^=.sa.-......... so f f i - l w h s ---- ------------- -------- so --------- ------------------ so -"-- -ff/~ CoBoctor wires so - - S>- -Cnuw-ioetwaltai 10 - -- C--C rs --Stairways-.;--;-- ---- a 20 - &, -Cram essoa--saeloesra -- -- a fm) Indoor esa-,,,,i, n ........ ---fft) Outdoor ersnw .-......... ......... a - -- fe} T railer w ndocton -........... a & Bolate ---- --- ,----------- -- _ n (a) lim it switch* a fb ) Brake ----- -------------- .------- - a (e) Capacity marking a - fd ) Control eqalpmaat -.,,.i,., a 7. Cablea, ra p and chain --_ a ii ' ' . '" ' ; a L Cm, yfipori, duet, fame and musts ............. a (*) Galfe for *%wa,We eentratloTu a (bf Catjtfl -jbeiftirarM ...... ........... (e) Personal protective equipment ______. (d) Bwpiratgnr protect!V'devices fi Air deairtng Sqnipotent------ -------------_ X. y pratee3mlL~......_..........-- i . Sanitation and porranai service mvesslene* a (a) Laneh mss ._^_^... n (b) rs*lg room ss (e) Emergency trmXmmi of eye bum s ___ n (d) Drinking water ---- ---------...... ,,,...- n . () Toilet fadlltlM -- ...... -..... ..............--..- n ( f) Washroom adte* ------------ ,---- ------- n 4. Finfcaid facilities u Hi 1 f. 1733 0 0 7 TueJ V// 8 5 ~ . r*n * part m a p o t ... :: : lard, cold tatistleg m Industrial aeddants - "eddent In industry a re not toss titan four Ji< United States tell a tregie and revealing times .the direct costs, t h e items of cost that >ry. These figures deal with the number- of ' are likely to -be present in each ease of tees nple killed sad injured ia industm l a m dental Injury a r e : - ts. Sometimes figures are used to estimate -~ 1- Compensation................................ billions of iollarit that are tost bjTm ihage-''"~r l Medical expense. ....... ............. mt and by workers m i tb d r ftaQ Jes as a - -8. -Lost time of injured employee, suit of meddenta. ' .....A -L ost time of fellow employees who stop hit there are so atstfstiea oa the human su i w orks-- - - ............... ng, sen-ow, ta d misery which follow deaths ------ -(a) To-aid injured worker. - a injuries into the homes af American work (b) Out of sympathy or cariosity. s, oven though the human tragedy which -<e) For other incidental reasons. Tcs after industrial accidents affords' the ' S. T to e of foreman, executives, r ether tt Impelling reason for intelligent' safety staff personnels - -gram, ` ' (a) Assisting injured employs, - Although the most important consideration (b) Investigating eanae of accident. is y safety program ia the safety and well- () A rranging fo r -oatmuaaee of in- if of the worker and the protection of his jurea employee's work. my from want, another hiving force be- (d) Selecting, training or breaking ia -d industrial safety programs is the cost of - new employee. - ddents in te rn s of money and human n - M Preparing acddent report fees--a tragic economic waste. (f) Attending hearing on injury (sen- third reason for undertaking good safety tout or contested c u e s). ygnme, applies primarily to contractors per- A Lest production dne to u p set shock, or rming on certain Government supply eoa- diverted interest of workers. .ts of 110,000 or more subject to the safety _ 7. Lost production due to stoppage of ma~ rirements of the Walsh-Healey Public Con thine or process in charge of injured person. -ts A ct For the guidance of such contra A Damage to machine, equipment or mate rs, P art 11 of'this booklet presents the rules rial directly occasioned by the acddent :eh should be observed in compliance with 9. Spoiled product or material due to emo tional upsst of fellow worker*. 1 presents in brief useable form the 10: Lessened effectiveness of injured em -st important basic principles of accident ploys for a period after his return to work. evention taken from day-by-day practices of 11. Business or good will lost through fall- lagements whose safely performances have urs to fill order on time, lost bonuses, payment i the best-- of forfeits for nondelivery, ete. Accident Costa 22. Legal pens, court fees, expense of Management's P art in Safety. preparation of ease, settlements, judgements, Worker's P art is Safety. etc., in eases contested a t law. Acddent Investigation, IS. The employer's share of the teas and Acddenta are Preventable . m pm m to aotiety in each ease of death or con tinued leas in earning power. . A. ACQDEHT COSTS cddents are pensive. They mmtituts a -.ous wastage of our hmsma. md material re area. Substantial savings of both can be e by preventing accidents, They can be gre ed by appeals to tit emotions M d by per sist day-by-day effort to enlist on the side of fety tilt aver-present deairs m d necessity ' every management has for reducing waste, teryone mn easily ms that accident eocts wholly waste. It is not so easy to see hew -TT*am these wastes, Compensation and mediI lost (pokes of m direct costs) are ob* t It has, however, takes careful studies by rienesd eost accountant and industrial b-iztivea to show how large r the other *** (spoke of as indirect coots). It ia now 8that on the avrg the indirect Mte of B. MANAGEMENTS PAST Ilf SAFETY . Safety work in industry must begin a t the top. Sins every kind of work that men do In- ' some decree of hazard, msh produess it Aar of isjunea. But by the proper attention to safety ahaost all injuries a be prevented in any kind of work and in any oceapation. Management's desire to eliminate injuries should be strong enough to make their preven tion a vital part of ill activities. Prevention mast receive continuous attention along with such matter* m cost quality, and production. Very briefly, the more important definite Using that the management should do to pm- vent accidents may be set down m follows: 1. Provide safe plant and quapmeafc, 2. Safeguard all m&ehlay. 1 ( 1734 E2S 8. P is no new machinery or equipment Is should be Investigated also, but this would in aperation sales foil Attention has been paid to volve such a heavy volume of work that few its safety. , managements would find it practical. Good 4. Plan and arrssgejgH pfoeessef and per . practice is to investigate all eases of disable lions .with careful.attentioErt gaiety................ . meat,Tall other happenings involving toe prob t. Maintain a system of Inspection to dia- ability of serious injury, and cases of repeated cover eorreetible hazards.. - .-. _; injury to s s individual & Maintain safety miaded mpetvMosu The investigations must be made by persons 7. .Train, educate aa& .stimulate -its..em who are intelligent, painstaking, and keenly ployees to follow safe methods of work and safety-minded, usually an accident has more take a-sincere interest .I m ^ e safety of. them^ - than a single cause. A combination of circum elves and their fellow workers. stances was necessary to bring it about. Tbs 8. Investigate all pcddenti to determine employer should try to correct every condition . Sow best to prevent a m a m n e t or circumstance th at might lead to Injury. He 9. Make a fuD report to-the proper author! should particularly not be content to stop with 11 of all msm of mjuzy. - finding toe human fault or failure that was in volved, for in almost every ease, both a mate C. THE WORKER'S PART Df SAFETY ESafety la everybody* business. Every em ployee .should, of course, be always alert to toe possibilities of injury. Management can do only part of the job. Each worker should faithfully cooperate with his management in all safety rogr&ms. Some of the ways in which his help i most necessary i n : L Faithfully using all safeguards provided. i Studying and carefully following safety rules and safety instructions. 8. fork in g Srnestly on safety committees or bthor Safety activities to which bp may be aswgnpd. ^ ... . . _ ' 4. Seeking, always for toe safe way of working oh each job or activity.. . etching b u t always Ibr'toe saftf of Ms fellow men. ' ft. Reporting all buardow conditions of which he learns. D. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION It la obvious that every case of disabling in jury should be carefully investigated to find out bow to prevent a recurrence, m theory every accident, whether it yields an injury or not, rial and a human fault will be found. If the material fault or lack is corrected, toe human fault or lack usually fails to produce Injury. Of course, effort should be made to correct toe human fault also. Usually correction of the material or mechanical fault involves expense so that the constant temptation Is to blame the individual a t fault and let the matter end there. That is not in toe best interests of safety, and toe tendency to take that course must continu ously be resisted. - R. ACCIDENTS ARE PREVENTABLE An excellent definition of "accident" is tost it is an "unexpected eeursnee," that is, un planned for or unforeseen. Occasionally, human injury la involved and wo have an accidental injury which is what we really mean when w@ say "accident." I f each bit of work done in in dustry could be properly planned and then ear ned out exactly as planned, there would be no unexpected occurrences and therefore no hu man injuries. Numerous establishments, large and m ill, in each branch of industry have by planning, foresight, and ears eliminated at least ' S out of every 10 injuries that otherwise would have been suffered by their workers and have profited by so doing. P A S T II--R E Q U IR EM EN TS fVaqwssey Bate Injury-frequency rate art toa primary SMaaurea of the fad dene of work Injuries. The lack of comparability Inherent in simple Injury totals, arising from variations in employment n d operating time, is. overcome by exprwsfag to M aries in terms of a standard unit of ex p o , By definition, toe standard comparison injury-frequency rate is the average number of dimhllsg work Injuries per million em ploy. h o m worked. Expressed m a formula it is : Pregnancy Rate as 'Mnmhms- at laJvtM MttJtipliad bf 3U8WS.OOO Tel a sm te &i wmAsd, WhM bejm te to a t A disabling work Injury is defined ay In jury Incurred fa the moss of and arising out - of employment, which: 1) Results in death, or 2 ) Results in say degree of permanent physical impairment, ragunlk&s of whether or sot say time is lost from work, or * s oc a tt i % l, J S ) B aw l n '^ 'ln fm n d F psrsqn aimWs fe work a t any ragstfasiy eetebUstied job, which is open sad available -te him, t u o ^ i o t the hours of his r g u lo lift on-any-day after the -- day of injury, indudingSundays, hotiday*,'ahd d ayssn which fee plant Is shut-down,' - -- The injuries describedin Items 1 and 2 of till definition- are commonly spoken of as "death eases" and "permanent disability" eases, Death ess usually are readily identified; Pes> manent disabilities likewise are usually easy to ideatify. It ia necessary, however, to remember that permanent disabilities Include not only ail m faltar prarosw is to so way related to the eligibility of the injured person fo r workmen's compensation payments, in case of doubt as to whether-oroot an injured person is able to work, the a ttending physi- d s n 's decision is finaL ' JEsteblidmient* partidpatmg to fee Bureau o f Labor Statistics quarterly work-injury sur vey and retaining on file copies of each m * pleted report On Form B L S1417 or 1417-A will be considered m complying w ife fee requira- ment regarding the maintenance f iajm y-fre- quency rates. - - . injuries involving fee amputation of any part For every-day use, fee frequency rate affords rf this body, but also all injuries which result ia the bast measure of performance because each fee ampete or partial loss of use of any body aeddent might easily, "but ter fee grace of past or function of fee body. For qxample, fee God," have been very serious or fatal and partial less of vision or a permanently stiff a m therefore fee constant effort must be to prevent resulting from a poorly healed fracture would every injury, not just fee more serious ones, he counted as permanent impairments just as The following example tows how to figure fee you would count an injury involving fee ampo- frequency rate, tatiom of a finger or a foot. Most permanent During 1949 eighteen lost-time injuries e&> disability cases involve the loss of considerable corred in a certain machine shop. The number feat. Occasionally, however, there are hardy of man-hours worked daring the year totaled individuals who experience a Minor permanent 216,000. W hat was the frequency rate? Sub disability, such as the amputation of fee end stitutmg these numbers ia fee frequency rate of a finger, and return to work on fee same day formula we get: ^ _ o r fee following day. Regardless of the fact _ 18 x 1,000,000 feat no recorded time was lost, these eases * " 216,000 should be counted if there actually is any resid- which gives a frequency rate of 88 pirn, That m l permanent impairment of any body part or h , fee men in the shop suffered 88 lost-time body inaction. - injurias for ovary million, maa-tonra they The third category of disabling injuries ia worked, referred to as "temporary-total disabilities." If the figure for man-hours is not available. They are "tem p o m r disabilities because they a does enough estimate esa usually be made by do not result in death or any term of perma- multiplying the average number of workers by neat impairment. In other words, they are in- the hours worked per week and fee a m b e r of Juries from which fee injured person eventually weeks worked for the period te r which fee fre recovers with no lasting ill effects. At the same quency rate is being calculated, time, they are "total" disabilities because they Some people prefer to think of the frequency sender the injured person totally unable to rate in terms of how long a person may expect work at any regular job for a period of time to work on the average without getting h u rt uivalent to at least one full shift on any day If, in the above example, the shop worked a 3ter fee day of injury. The important things 40-hour week 0 week during fee year, e h to remember in eonaeefcioa with these injuries m m worked 2,000 hours in the year, and there- are: (1) T ine lost on the day of injury is not fore in order to put in 216,000 hours there must considered in determining whether or not an have been an average of 108 men working. The injury is disabling; (2 ) fee inability to work 18 injuries averaged among these 108 men %smA continue throughout the toara of fee means feat every sixth man w m disabled dar- worker's regular shift on a t least a day; but, ing the year. Another way of putting it is feat, (8) this inability to work may occur on any on the average, each man maid expect to be day after fee injury, not necessarily fee next disabled once in 6 years. That ia a very high day, and not' necessarily os a day an which he injury rate te r even the most hasardou work, would normally be expected to work. Numerous plants in all branches of industry The referen ia the definition to a regularly maintain frequency rates below 10 ad often established job means feat you are not per- times below 6. A worker in a plant having a mitted to exdude a injury from the count of frequency rat of 5 is fortunate Indeed for a $ disabling injuries if the injured person returns fee average he can expect to work ferae Ufe te a specially created easy job which was de- B l e w whole ntury-r d i disabling * signed simply to get him bade to work without injury he suffers. He is undoubtedly much safer lm of time, 'mfa.mat work than when not at work; . It should mb be noted feat under the deflnf- (For full detailed infom atien m deter- tion of a disabling injury the portability of mining frequency rates mm "A m erica Stan- n n T * o rn a C Mn-Owd e / CmupSmg Industrial Infant tread and placed @n til* left-hand side u one Bates, Z16.L*) . . mounts the stair and on the open side, if any. I f 6 feet o r more in width, or open os both B* BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT aides, the stairs should have a handrail on each side. ' t Bandings--Buildings and all appurten (e) Interior stairways or steps which are ances thereto, including bridges, towers, bJ- more than 8 feet wide should be divided by cen anies, runway, sad platforms, should be ter rails into widths of not more than 8 feet iteuctursdlv' safe to prevent eoll&p. nor less than 3 feet 8 Inches. 2. Fborfc--C#; No floor or platform should ( d ) Exterior stairways or steps should have m so loaded as to have a factor of safety of mhandrail a t each aide, and if the stairway or mss than four. That is, the weight placed upon steps are more than 88 inches wide, one or more a floor or platform should not axeeed one-fourth intermediate handrails should be provided, of tilt breaking strength of the platform or () Railings on open sides of stairways or floor. steps should be provided with an intermediate (b) Floors, other than those resting direct- rail at midheight, or with vertical members 7 on solid ground, when used for storage or having a maximum spacing of 11 indies. for operations that might lead to overloading ( f ) Every stairway or steps should be main should be dearly posted to show ma-rimm mfe tained in good repair, free from protruding floor toads. bolts, screws, and nails, and unnecessary (c) AU floor surfaces should be kept dean material, dirt, sad slippery conditions. Treads and dry and maintained in a smooth and rea should be renewed when the surface, including sonably nonslippery condition free from holes the nosing, shows wear to the extant of 1/4 m projection* that might cause tripping. inch or more. id) Where the type of operation necessi (g) Stairways should not be used for stor tates working on wet or slippery floor areas, age purposes, and any equipment should be so such ureas should be protected against slipping located that its presence or use will not un by the use of mats, grates, deats, or other high necessarily obstruct or interfere with free pas friction floor coverings, sage. (e) Safe means of access, suited to condi (h i All metal treads should have &surface tions, should be provided to very overhead which will reasonably prevent slipping. Mint to which employees are called upon to go 6. Elevators*--fa / Elevator inspection by a In connection with their employment. Materials recognized elevator inspection sennet will be or objects should not remain unnecessarily on acceptable as evidence of satisfactory installa the floor surface in such places as will subject tion and maintenance.- Hoistways, hatchways, . enreloyees to the hazard of falls. elevator wells and wheel holes should be secure- f . Floor openings, wall openings, and ste- r fenced, inclosed, or otherwise protected. (For S ymted platforms*---Floor openings, wall pea- etails, see American Standard Safety Code for mgs, and elevated platforms where there is Elevators, Dumbwaiters, and Escalators.) a possibility of persona or material falling (b) Elevator machinery, electrical appara through should be provided with standard rail- tus. or system wiring should be properly in lag and toe board, or with wood or metal cov stalled, guarded, and inspected. ers. Where guard rails are advisable refer to 4 IHimimttoa--Illumination adequate to Standards for RaxLings, Toeboards, and Guards m it all work activities to be fried on safe- r m sped fled under Part U E, Machine Guard should be provided and maintained during ing. . all work periods. Minimum standards for illu 4, Stairways or Step---(a) Riser height mination should be m conformance with the and tread width should be uniform in any given American Standard,"1Recommended Practice flight of stairs. Variations in riser height of Industrial Lighting. should not exceed 1/8 inch in the stair m on 7 A M and pasasgeway*-- Po t rtructed. Variation due to wear should not be a sst aisles and passageways should be kept allowed to exceed 1/4 inch. Riser height should dear and in good repair. Where, due to lack of 'not be over 8 inches and tread width exclusive jpstjjpsr d@toftK>se inch Mid fs&s&Eg^wnyn of nosing not buss than 9 inches. Preferred become hazardous, they should be dearly de dimensions are: riser 7 inches, tread 11 Indies fined by painted Maes, curbings, or other meth plus 1 inch nosing, and width not kss than 86 ods of marking. inches. ' -(b) Where industrial trades are in custom (b) Every stairway o r steps of four or more ary us, one-way traffic aisles should be at least risers should be equipped with a substantial 2 feet wider than the widest vehicle. Two-way smooth handrail from 30 Indies to S i Inches traffic aisles should be a t least 8 feet wider *kn Ugh, measured vertically from the nose of the twice the width of the widest vehide. &M hM fc? , (c) There should be no obstructions across or in aisles that might sang tripping. ^ ' c=a esa tsa f.& Ladders.--fe>.FoH compliance -with the to such equipment wherever reasonably pm- appli^bl.e provisions of the "American Stan- aible. . . . ' ': . ` <teH'\ Safety Code for Wood Ladder*, AM.1, ~Good design Mn&tm overhead tee&tlaas to is recommended. - - - ._ -- the maximum practicable extent. (b )' Rung 'sparing on each fixed ladder (2) Nature of job.---Devices that require would he jsnjfenn. This includes the space- be rather frequent (as weekly) servicing usually tween tfee_tP. rang .and the landing -measured involving only minor attention or adjustm ent vertically-from the top rung.' Bungs of all lad Examples: Ring oiler (or equivalent) bear ders. should bqjmiformly spaced, firmly secured ings, induction motors, storage tanks, exhaust and maintained' in a sufficiently tight condition fSTltL ' to prevent turning or other motion. Bent bungs Suggested oafcanard*,---Railed and toebowd- of m@tal .foed ladders should be promptly re d platforms reached by stairs should be pro placed or repaired.'- Clearance'at th e'-mux -of vided wherevef space end location permits. rungs of food ladders should not be less than Fixed tedders are preferable to stairs steeper 8Vi la d s measured horizontally from asy ob than will give a 10 inch rise and 8 inch tread ject __ . . _ (pitch about SI*). Where location prevents (t) Fixed tedders should be secured with stair or fixed tedder, provide portable lied sufficient firmness and in such manner that they step or portable tedder suited to the purpose will be free from visible motion under normal with hooka fixed to the rails to engage suitable conditions of use. Hand holds should be pro supports at the platform. vided at tite top of each fixed tedder so ar (3) Nature of job.--Apparatus that re ranged that a person using them can conven quires daily or more frequent servicing. Exam iently retain a secure hold with either hand ples: Control devices as governors, regula when stepping from the top rung of the ladder tors, recorders, sight glasses, etc. to the landing point or the reverse. Side rails Suggested safeguards.-***Every such point should extend above landings at least 3 feet. No should be accessible by a platform and stair. fixed ladder should have a slope outward, that In some eases they can be serviced from the i*. from the vertical toward the climber, unless floor. Example'; Use of telescope to read ther such sloping ladder or sloping part thereof is mometers on tall apparatus. properly caged. Ladders in disrepair should be (4) Nature of job.--Equipment that re promptly repaired or removed from use. quires relatively infrequent attention but which (d) In the use of portable straight ladders^ involves m ajor cleaning or maintenance and practicable precautions should be used. Every repair work. Examples: Electric overhead step ladder should be equipped with a spreader traveling cranes (overhauling), steam boilers of a type th a t locks when the ladder is opened (retubing, cleaning tubes), stills, fractionating to hold it securely in the open position. Portable columns, digesters, etc. ' steps and saw horses should be of substantial Suggested safeguards. -- Railed and toe- construction with parts firmly secured and boarried platforms reached by stairs wherever maintained in a safe state of repair. possible. Particularly in crane overhauls such 9- Overhead work*--(a) Every overhead platforms cut the cost of the work, result in job that may have to be done in an establish better maintenance, and reduce the hazard, ment should be carefully considered and a safe thus justifying very substantial expenditures means of doing it provided. * for the platform. If fixed platforms are not . (b) Some of the more common "overhead" practicable, provide substantial "knock-down" ` jobs with means of safeguarding are given scaffolding (railed and toeboarded) kept for below: the purpose. In some ewes wheeled platforms (1) Nature of job-- Devices that require (wheels arranged to lock) are convenient (5) Nature of--job.--Apparatus out of only infrequent attention normally consisting of only simple servicing or adjustments. Exam- doors. (Assignable to above classes but listed 'lea: Valves in steam, air, or other supply here because of the special hazards due to wind. See. eold, etc.) Example; Sprinkler tanks, oil ine*; pressure reduce; overflow or other high level storage tanks; liquid level indicators; storage tanka, derricks, eoal unload, dust gauges; natural draft ventilators. collectors, advertising signs, flood lights. Suggested mfegm-rds. --- Portable tedders: Suggested mfeguarrla.--.All outdoor tanks Mould be equipped with fixed tedders and self Feet suited to floor surface; ladder of correct draining platforms (if needed) to give safe length, strength, and condition conveniently access to manholes, etc, Means of aec-esa to available, firm support (at top), security (of bearing, etc, on derricks and coal unloaders position), safety In placing tedder, safety of man @n tedder (position, clearance from mov must be suited to conditions. Never omit ted ing parti, electrical conductors, steam pipes, etc.). der rails or allow tedder to have reverse slope; provide adequate hand holds and foot supports. (8) Nature of job.--Maintenance activi- Geod p racti provides ftxed ladder or stain tses, m window cleaning and regionng, paint 173S no 0032 . ~n c a p a mm -T, mftzdm Hght.'-palatini 't @femB'w oi^@ awirhead shafting. Suggested.. m fegm rds. -- Window cleaning equipment. should.coafssro to- .the. i*American Standard," Safety Cod for WmdQWjCJea&ing. _ Long'apout oil'can* era, be .used,-instead .of ladders. The practice.o l .oiling-tunnint over-:_ hd machinery i t rarely carefully planned. When done from a crane, a railed platform should be provided and careful precautions taken -to guard against Insufficient clearance. Extension fittings should be used to give sde- . just daarauc from moving -parts. _ a T i r f i sad g r a m f e --In plant -wd and graunda,'^ty'jneasurM include: ' ~ " ' (1) Proper dralflagA . ' (2) Clearance .signs to w m of limit dear- snees. . . . ..- .......(8) D e ra ils and bumper blodss (4) Traitte-. control aigns to w a n pedes- toian, vehicular, and railroad tirsffle. (&) Proper coverings or rails for open pits, t a k s , vats, ditch, ate. ' 12 Materials. -->fsj Materials, wherever stored, should be piled, stacked, or racked in a manner designed to prevent topping, farnng, 10. Housekeeping and arder*-- Satis- collapsing, rolling, o r spreading. Backs, bu s, factory control requim ir e fu l consideration planks, sleepers, bars, strips, Mocks, and sheets of such factors as tonnage and-volume or mate- mould be used where necessary to make the m is to be handled, the amounts required a t the piles stable. Materials and objects th at are successive steps of the process, allowance of the stored in overhead places should be secured so spaees necessary, and the methods to be used that they will not fall and cause Injury to per in handling and transporting the mrnteml and sons below. (b) All hazardous chemicals should be dis ^ fW ^ H e th o d s of piling should be worked out tinctively marked to indicate their nature. for each d a of materials r artidea, Points 13. Compressed 6 i a -- Cylinders con commonly of importance are i taining compressed g a s should not be unduly (1) Height of pOe-- This is dependent up exposed to the heat of stoves, radiators, or fur on the character of the material and the eon- naces. Where cylinders are stored in the open, sequent danger of toppling, the mean used m they should be protected from accumulations piling and removal, the teaffie nearby, and to- of snow and ice and from the ana where high torferenee with sprinkler operation. When the temperatures occur. nature of the material is suitable, st should be fb) Heat increases the pressure within the so piled as to be interlocking. Under? or it may melt the fusible safety (2) Strength of owable floor plugs, which in acetylene cylinders m eltat a * ads should be posted. # . temperature of approximately 210 to 22p*F. (8) Soenmm of support md its continued Should a valve become frozen. It should be stability.---This condition often rist* in yard thawed out with warm (not scalding} water. piling where smeven pound r moistura may Open flames should not be used for this pur topplia^i aad o& first fiooxn ot in bM pose under any d r e m t m s a mmM where floor, may slope or flooring sag. (c) Cylinders should preferably be stored (4) Lomt%sn.--Ais}B traffic or the presence in an upright position. In many plants, cylin of work benches or machines may make it ders are held upright by straps or chains to necessary to limit the height a t material to be prevent their falling over. This is particularly piled in a safe manner. " Important with acetylene cylinders. (6) Piling email articles.---Containers suit (d) Emptv cylinders should be plainly ed to the nature of the tid e s are commonly marked EMPTY, and the valves should be used. These usually take the form of wheeled dosed. The empty cylinders should be segre or truck pick-up containers that receive the ar- gated from full cylinders and returned to the tides from work beach or machine A useful manufacturer as soon as practicable, _ modification for such tid e s mr small a s or (e) The recommendations of fee National trays that themselves may be stacked. Fire Protection Association and State and (}.,, Pipe or other long wt&ek.^Svdtstb'M municipal law and regulations should be close racks aid handling. Projecting ends should be ly observed in regard to fee rtorag of com protected by location, railings, or barriers. pressed gas cylinder*. Cylinders should never (c) Remove, or bend over in such a manner be aUowed to fall or otherwise receive shock. as tanmake them harmless, all projecting nails in kegs, barrels boards, or boxes allowed to re 14 'Special pree&utlwM for xygs cylin main about the work place. _ # ders^--(a) Great ear must be exerdsed in (d) Waste disposal provisions should be handling oxygen to prevent contact of oxygen made for the orderly collection and disposal of under pressure w ife oils, greases, organic lub all w rap debris, empty bottles, etc.; special pro ricants, rubber, or other materials of an or virions salted to the nature of the substance in ganic nature in order to prevent explosion. The ptesfcioB should be made for the disposal of following recommendations of the Compressed poisonous and obnoxious gubfiames. Gas Association should be bsarvads i Vu 0 C3 3 9 m csa X r --a iIrwunitunif r***" S ~-".ti)VKr. p&aifc nrctwM,' *& .Ion with-toe Code. National B ureau of S t o d a r ^ Handbook H30. 'combustible materials to tome in contact with "fixygea cylinders, valves, regutetor,-gauges, or (a) Gefcrd ' fitting. .. ' . ' transformers, control boarels, and. - : '^ 2 ) ---Never- lubricate regulators, fittings, or rories should be placed to P f1*1 ****** f t 'gauge* with bfl 'o r :ny other combustible sub which only anthemed perrons have aceew.Jtr dtamw- ' ~ ->- -'- ~----- to <use of a separate room ia "I (S) Never Kindle dxygen cylinders o r ap closures should be built around those parts of paratus-with oily hands or greasy gloves or electrical equipment having exposed to* rags. - :- --" ~ j/ - - . tots Enclosures tsx&d@of ssstal should m mse (4) 'JUwa&s 'dearth-fciiirtSeles of dust and tively grounded. .. . dirt from' the -opening to Midi cylinder by Warning signs should be displayed mar ** slightly opening and 'dosing the w v i before posed eurrentim rytof parts and in spedaE\y applying any Suing to the cylinder. kazakom areas, such as high voltage toftaf^T (S) Never p e m it oxygen to ater tlm regu lions. Signs should be large enough to " lator suddenly.- Open the valve slowly. when easily and they should be s placed a to be opening to valve, point to face of the gang visible from all approaches to toe danger sene. on regulator away from the operator. They should be displayed to a* many languages (8) Never drape an oxygen cylinder with as needed. , _ . . any material such as wearing apparel, rags, Suitable Itumlating mats or platforms of aub- 9t&, stantial construction and proriding good foot (7) Never o h os^gea fittings, valve*, regu ing shall be placed on floor* and, if necessary, lators, or gauges for any other service except on the frames of the machine* having exposed oxygen. , , live parts of more than 160 volts to ^ u n d , <g) Users should never mix gases of any go that toe operator or person# to the riemity type in an oxygen or any other cylinder. cannot readily touch such parts a n te s stand (9) Never use oxygen from a cylinder ex ing on the mats, platform*, or insulating floors. eept through a pressure reducing regulator. (b) GrowuKp.--Fixed equipment or appli ( 10) Never attempt to nee regulators which ances having exposed metal grounded under any of the following condi are m need of repair or cylinders having valves which do not operate properly. tions s (1) I f operated a t more than 160 volte to (11) Never attempt to repair defective oxygen equipment unless properly qualified by ground, regardless of location. knowledge and experience. (2 ) If located where exposed grounded jsm 15. Fkmmabk iqeidfw--Material reek m fare, a* plumbing fixtures or conductive floor paints, lacquer, thinners, gasoline, and nap and wall am be reached by a perron while th t should be stored and handled with prori- touching the metal parte of equipment dom, for safety suited to the material and the (3) If located ia haxantous areas. conditions of its use. They should also be cov The grounding of portable equipment should ered or stored in an approved type of safety follow that of teed equipment container suitable to the nature A the material. trically heated appliance exempted by admu^ 16. E s p U m -- Explosives should _ hm istrative authority, and (2) motore if positive^ guarded under aO condition*. It recommend stored in approved type explosive magazines which are bulletproof, ventilated, and located ed, however, that m ote .always be grounded, at distances from ether buildings m required (e) Ground annec<iwr.-- Ground owmee- under the American Table of Quantify and Dis tions should be of copper, *nd the combined re tance. For details, refer to U. S. Bureau of sistance of the grounded wire and toe eonneo Mines Information Circular TOOT on "Surface tion with the ground should not exceed.8 ohm* Storage of Explosives" and Information Circs- for wmterpip connections nor 26 ohms for arti- lar 7S80 on "Safe Storage, Handling, and Uaa fidal grounds. The actual ground orad t re- of Commemsl Explosives." 17. Spontaneous Ig n illm ^ P ro p e r _precau tone should be kept aa far an possible below the ^y-iraura wrmlMibte limits. tions should be lakes! in connection with stor Where a grounding wire is porod te w*- ms of materials which may csss spontaneous chsnical injury, it should be protected tar nitfon. Booms in which there may be sxplo- conduit connected at both ends to toe grotmd- ve concentrations of dust, gases, or vapors ing wire or by ether substantial mdmum, M should hav explosion-proof wectrical fixture the enclosure is of mstsl, it also should be and qulpment in accordance with the Brew grounded. ... ions of the National Electrical Cod gwatlng (d) Traiuformeni--The should prefer to hazardous locations. ` 1& Mectrical equip eata--The following ably be lif t e d outside of building. *tu\ rounded by an andcsor of grounded metsi Haral Information should be umd in eonjune- faart 8 feet high. If a building waUjforma * W '> 0v/ 0^ 7^ 7^ 0y c part of sudh m all w todew s in fe When th switch cannot be locked put, spe wall should bo ravened or barred, cially if it to kwsted in sn open wort: area, it la adviaahle to station & watchman near toe Transform ers. inside -.building : riioidd be S r ite h to to e 'to tiif tonot disturbed while toe 'placed in ventilated; Mopsooi .smalts- ta rin g w ork 4a I n progress- Warnings should be given raised nil* across .the-doorways-to prevent the to all operators affected before opemag a a r - escape of leaking Floors and floor drains euit and again before dosing the oresit after . should be aqasreaged-thai-oil wto^wcMy <1" to:Job ia completed. . .,. , lest -in drainage- or storage systems provided 19. T oo*w r> Each nploFr hodd heed for the purpose. A ir vents should be so owognea to e safe condition of the tods wed by bia <m- bm to dose autonsatleaHy in ease of fire. It may ployeea, whether furnished by Mm or ky fee* te sdvisabl to provide equipment for tatrodue- and make every reasonable effort to tau re t o t M s Hr extinguishing materia! into tranafotm much tools are suited both by refs smgn sad . r .vaults. Doors to traaafonner enclo soustraction to the work to be done.. . , sures sr vaults should be kept- securely locked, fh) F.f^h employer should Institute and and only authorised personnel should be per" wwit{ definite system of tool, inspection roittei to.aater such sm as. --- and repair suited to eonditiona. (s) Plant w ir i n g ^ m wiring ahould be to (e) Tools in disrepair should not be used. accordance with the Nstionsl Electrical Code fd) All powered tools which might u s e ad also with toad codes or requirements. ' Injury through eontlnued operation ihoiddtoe (f) Over-current #tncet.-~Ihe safe am aerator lofig hi hold, should bequipped with sm t-m nying capacity of eoductorew deter the so-called "dead man" type of control (or mined by their sire, the material of which they toe equivalent) whereby the power kiautomfe- are made, and the maimer in which they are gaily cat off when the operator loses t a bold. installed. If forced to carry more than toe () Portable electric power tool should to nwmfiwmm safe load, or limited as to heat dis quipped with ground wire to maintain a t aU sipation, excessive heating results. Fuses or ffiwtttft sr sffeetiv grousd on tin nouMxrciit ver^eurreist dsvieeg should b mjxiulea earrying parts of the tool. . in very circuit, and they should be of a s i and type that will interrupt the current flow when it exceeds the capacity of the conductor. Protection of this kind, both for personnel and for equipment, la one of the important features of assy electrical inataUation, (n) Drop owl sxtsnmsn ^Extension cords should be of a type approved by the Underwriters Laboratories, In c, and they should be labeled to show that they meet ah re quirements of the National Electrical Cod. They should be inspected regularly. Kinking or excessive bending of the cords should be avoid ed to prevent breaking of toe wire strands. Broken strands may pierce the insulating covering and become shock r afaorteorcwt hararda. (h) lamp fixtures and 0q%dpmmt---For fcatioB i where there are flammable gaae or dusts, lamps should be installed only in fixtures especially designed to prevent lamp breakage snd to prevent ignition of the flammable mate yii Equipment should be of explosion-proof design. (t) Memim*e.~-SwitehM should alwmyB be tagged or locked in the open position before staxtisg work. If a tods is used for which fesys s m svsHeM to other sanibsf of to cation, the switch should also be tagged in such a way as to identify the individual authorised to remove the lock. If two or more employees are working independently on the same circuit, teh should affix his own lock or tag to the w rlteh. C. Tim e PREVENTION AND PROTECTION L egreas*--><W AB budisg to which persons are unloved, o r a fo r any purpose, should be provided with s&i and proper ways of egress or mean of eeeapt from fire, sufficient for t o use of to w * accommodated o r assembled withm lag. Such ways of egress should to kept free from obstructions, and in good repair and ready for use a t all times. (The provisions of the ^American Standard," Builomg Exits Cod, A9.1 ahould be followed.) (b) All buildings or ^tabUshmente of two * o r more stories in height should be provided with more than one way of egress or escape from fire, said ways of egress being to looeted and in such positions as to prevent the trapping of person m the building. Such way of egress may lead to adequately constructed and prop erly maintained fire escapes on the outside of the building or to inside stairways, provided w ife proper hind mils, and aatiafaetary for emergency us. Such stairway should prefer ably to ir e resristsmt Mid lead directly to the outside at grade level AH exit doors should awing in fch direction of exit, and- should pan to such manner as not to obstruct passageways or corridors used m way of egress and escape from fire or panic. No chairs or aeat, fixtures, chutes, materials, or equipment should block or to any way jeopardir the us of ways and mnasa provided for eg rw . Ail exit doors and window used se means of egress in smm@-oz lire i 9 oc T* < fsl Government haw dsveloped w dm of rimi" nale Hid be m a r sp ffd as tob* djxr* Vooeaed frdm 'tha inside. Locks on eeors lay gjeeStnei which, nevertheiwii . vary ttanowsT if provided, ahoulkofc QBb--' K ails paniea from % which jnsur steam boilers apsiM , g .... J e f a key to iasid- :'{jMlbfi lfenteaUy ^ j 4y ^ ;ptvisioo _ I ? '* exits w.rmeaas of grew " **?*? fieu should be plainly xupicuous signaler lights to identify the .^ ( 2) Operated by. personnel^whoa. i of cape.J2irtfoiia! f % w 0"1!-*?: '.tone entitles them to hold sertifieatei^ ^ t ^ by Itedasing authorities set op for teepurp<e* ided where seeded.- Ladders mo so t accept... ' (3).. Regularly inspected by. competen m- **pre xtingrishiaf w ulpm eC ^fa) Sjilt*. ^ ^ ^ j f f E a ^ p l S a e r m d . T p e s ta a d p ip ^ h o q h U & d f lH f ^ g u r o . boilers.--Hoet State boiler odea esem pt^ *^ sand, water barrels d P*li ar h@rsWp head fire extinguishing equipment shotod intended for low pm aas ( g s u j i l l y j j w actively loeatedr mounted, d j M W m d IS pounds). Th violence with which even the smallest boiler can explode should not be mat* iguishing equipment should be inspect estimated. 'Every.vessel, however smsuh m uently so as to be ready for immediate nee which water is heated can, if its normal ufcM -m of firm. Every employer should desig. . 'ia doeed or plugged op, become m ia&.ahigh individuals trained ih th eo n a a ru a of measure steam generator, and, if ita ^ en g tn ghting equipment to render assistance fa exceeded will, explode destructively. Th.- v all period* sad shifts of plant per eim iag explosion* of such low-pressure d e v ils a, ' ' Indicate a too widespread frilure to h e^ . tern I A M leading to. and area in front of. simple fact in mind. Therefore, the aeadent w-extinguWjing equipment should be open m vestiotu st should ts te carrfal account f ; times, free and clear and.snobatrastod every fired water or steam vessel and make nateriato, stock, and equipment of any Wad. i fB&iMHsof fires and recommended extra- sure that: . . (1 ) it U o f assfe conatruetion for the pres iag equipment. Listed below are various a @f tom and th extinguishing quip wares involved. .... ^ z which is recommended in each caae: ' (2) It hsa adequate mean of Hmitatieo or pressure, such as: ') Clast "A " fires*--Firm in ordinary ustible materials where the quenching and (a) A safety valve of m dM uat ^dt^ i f exacts of quantities of water or solo f&; A disk or diaphragm sat wiU fracture ,, containing large percentages at water are a t a predetermined pressure. 43) It is regularly inspected, emnpteaF ntt importance. . gmimmded eshnffwkmg operated, and properly maintained. I add, pumo tank xtiaguish or . (c) Steam cookers, digesters, hm pats, ate. -A ll pressure vessels to whieh stu m to sup .* ,,^rreb and buckets. 21 Class "B" /ires.--Fires In flammable plied from an outside source should be de is, greases, ote., whar blanketing effect signed. insofar as it to practical, for thsmammum line pressure. Most of them art sot, and sntijJL ... . gommended extinguishing on such vessels it to vitally important to install, m, carbon tetrachloride, CO, dry powder in addition to the necessary pressure-reducing valve, a safety valve on the vessel itself or on usootyp txtinguisherta mad buckets and the line between it and th pressure radaew. I Cl&m "C -Fire in electrical There should be no means of cutting off r by passing this safety valve. Inspection and ade pment where the as of non-conducting ex quate msmfcensne of tis vessel, including tehing agent is of first importen. wnmsmted estinoutsAtip @qmpmenL<--~ regular testing of th safety valv, rvital. j n tetrachloride, C0fc dry powder p m - 2, Compressed air nsseMaesy and equip aunt*--For the deteUed operation of till tey ,-6Fj tingutofaem, of equipment refer to ^American Standard, D. PBESSUBB VESSELS Safe^ Code For Compressed Air Machinery and Equipment; however, the general rule Pfa*d presasm vtasdlfc?--(a) Steam bml~ Mated below should fee applied. --The wfegu&rdiag of steam-power boilers (a) Comprsssort.-- (1) If a power^operated sen developed to such a high standard that sir compressor to driven by other than an wee- . be truly said that boiler explosions are trie motor (ineluding those driven by senes- ely preventable, provided that boilers are: wound dlrect-eurrent motors), a speed gover a) Constructed and installed in accordance nor should be installed on th prim mover to t Power Boiler Code of th American prevent raring of th latter fbom any cause. y of Mechanical Engineer or equivalent Such a speed governor should act independently -srd*. (Various States, cities, and the Fed- of th nioadey an. the compressor, \\u 00339 r-n -csa SBR C a ir eompreMiqr Si engine or iw> - (8) I f to cemprweff is ftesm drive, th* ijteft ijrlw i,' ra m dlitry :control to the fover- ' ' throttle valve should be dosed and -tagged, m d . norahotid befceUH H to prevent raring when - th e cylinder drain cocks should be opened, be- the naktoder b p erate*- , . p 7. T"forc gtarting repair or thr work on the tom- r XS) ~E $ery " a i r ' etHapressor fehoila tx eauipped irito as- automfttiemeehamam bo w the compressor is motor driven, the ranged- th a t toe compressor will a u to m atjaflr line switch supplying the motor should b e : stop -ft jfa~r-anmpreasmg"operatioiCbeCogfe toe opened and tagged or locked before starting d is d iir ^ p r ^ tir e e x e e e d r th e mwdmito'vrork- "repairs or other work <m the compressor. twg pressure allowable under this.qpde *m tot. (S) tinder no circumstances should -:ro-- weakest portion'o f" the sy stem to to ie h the sene, gasoline, o r other flammable advents be compressor is connected. .. .. . . ipnitpriondg_u_,ceo_d_r tt*.oote_o _rte_h_ce_eiBvcoearmza.paSreosaspoyr wcyaltienrdeorsr, aaethenWey U ) Si .this .autotnatic. mechanism is electa-rfy p@w.t@d, th "scfeUitiisg d m ce alpiaM fee amiable non-toxie, nonflammable solution may 9& designed and constructed th at toe eteetricsl be used fo r deasing such portions of the watacfe r sntaets cannot lock o r fuse in a system. position gtst/wUlieauae the compressor to m- _ " (g) Aftereoohrs^--{ l) Aftereooltrt should ttoue its vur^comprearing. operation. . . . - be designed to withstand safety the Kummum (b) Svntches, and ether sleetrteai apporo- pressure in toe a ir discharge piping. _ toe camprwwr is driven by a s electee (2) The advantages to be gained by using Motor, all electrical switches and other electri aftereoolera are of sufficient Importance to war eal apparatus should be guarded m wqmrTOby ran t consideration of such equipment s at the National "Electrical Safety Code and the least new installations. Aftereoolera reduce the National Electrical Fire) Cod, temperature of toe a ir discharged by the com (o) geU, msUeye gear, jm d shaft gm rds^- pressor to a point a t which most of toe mois AS belts, pulleys, gears, ^ d toafte should be guarded as outlined to P a rt H of ture and oil vapor condenses and am be. re moved, these standards. (8) The removal of the moisture tends to (d) X^ibriettfwm.--Spedflo requirement* for prevent water hammer to the air lines. The lubricating oils are intentionally omitted from condensation of oil vapors tends to prevent these standards. In the operation of air com- their being T rie d over to pipe lines, receiver, r r o r s , many of the troubles experienced can and other parts of the systems. e traced to the use of a poor or unsmtable (4) Where pipelines and receivers haw be Egrade of oil in toe air cylinders. The import come coated with oil because of Improper lubri une of good air cylinder oil is generally recog- cation of toe compressor, plosive mixtures of `a t a l by toe leading manufacturer of equip a ir and oil vapor may be formed a t high tem aoent and of lubricants and it is therefore sug peratures. Consequently overheating should be gested th at their recommendations be followed. avoided and oil accumulation should be immedi A ir compressor cylinders should be lubricat ately removed. ed by rn*WUfm of visible-flow forced-feed lubri () Th us of mftertoolers tends to main cators. tain more nearly uniform air temperature on Only moagh ofl should be used to fam ish the discharge side of the system, thereby mini satisfactory lubrication to order to avoid carry- mizing the strains resulting from alternate x- m m to intercooler, aftercoolers* receiver!, and pension and contraction of pipelines, other parts of the system. (h) Piping. -- (1) Installation. --- Piping (e) Cooling.--Where water cooling is nmd, should meet the requimnents of the American a visible indication of w ater flow should be pro Standard Code for Pressure Piping. In its in vided. stallation, adequate provision should be made ' if) Operation. m d t e s w .--{1) Com for expansion and contraction, and to counter sor valves should be inspected, cheeked for act pulsation and vibration. Steam and a ir pip E en springs, and tested for tightness fre ing should be equipped with adequate traps or quently and a t regular intervals, Leaky valvesother means for removing liquid from the lines. should be made tight by repair or replacement A ir discharge piping should be so installed ^that Accumulations of esrbon or other foreign mat pocket where oil may accumulate are avoided. te r should be removed, (2) /naulafioa.--Steam piping should be (2) Unloadera and governor controls on air adequately tosulafeed where it is poeed to jipre0F8 should be inspected at frequent contact. and regular intervals and should be mssntaiaed (S) Compressor air take.---Provision in fpx2 working condition. Where emergency should be made to prevent drawing air contain Ccrrfflmpeed) rtops are installed, such devices ing flammable or toxic gases, vapora, or dusts should be tested s t regular Intervals to lasnre in to the compressor, and to prevent thdr opgratloa within safe limits of overspeed. water, or waste of m j w rt from being blown \\S ,i 0C3 r* a a vsst t C r a c=i saa d ritra into the ssm psvatof-tata^'N & Jslw tm\ Uvahts and tm ps^^A drain pip* 4 Jd he tnsteffied in the a ir to ttte _ very air receiver to P of sccnmulsted Adeauate auto* ' to^ddW oa to r. piping from the compressor to toe *>r riW Should be a t least as Urge *s toetoa- rge opening on the sdr eon^rt*. B e " * : air-diachsorge pipe becomes hptj,* - er flammable mafenST ihoMd be perm itted oain incontact with it; ' ~ ** .7 0 V a lv e s^ (l) Stop fTweea the compressor sad the mr m e iw got teeommended. In very-caae where n %valv Is so jjTurfkiledL a r more. spring led safety'vaives should be ,, compressor sad the stop riv@. Th@ total nadty f such-safety iralv-shoiM testrf- ta t to limit the pressure in the d w e h s ^ in f to 10 per cent above the ^ le^ f J!8" ,_e of the safety valves m the " i2) Any stop valve which may be installed the air discharge piping should be m . 4 it can fee inspected sad leaned s td e f ^ te nlar interval. Stop valves to o d d preferably i of toe fate type and not of the globe WP- 1 globe^lv to used it shall tw it toe pressure is under the seat sad that toe v will not trap condensation- (S) Every steam-driven air *omi>I'*5 5 ![ juld be provided with a manually openible rattle valve in the steam supply "n * idily accessible location. . . (4 ) A stop valve should b s in s ta n ^ te ^ e e n =IP*$C drain valve os the air ^ trtS L S fs s y M ri- -- amounts of liquid in toe ( i \ Gaaet and faesivesr **"*"_ ss*,*^ ^ ^ g S k iz g? a - J S S iS ^ y S - p g s^^nsLRjft is. w ^ - o r l ^ j S r `oI ' w te eoiiV rJLr. u d nStod IiaiiM h made for safe access to all pans the'equipment for operation, maintenance, and " r * 0U14 r f g a h j shoild work d . t W X and S J d be defined Safety valve*.---( 1) All safety values used should be mstructed. ^J tained in accordan with toe A-S.M.E. UKi for Unfired Pressure Vessels. (2> Safety appliances, such as -i a ir receiver and esto piece of sta^oiten lizstion equipment a t s point convenient to srator thereof. . .,, , , . i# A stop valve should be installed a t each ~ tlet to which a s a ir hose may be attached. (i) Receivers.-- (1) CmatneUfm,.Mr ^ vers should be onstructrf m e e p m rth the 1937 Edition of the A.S.M.E. Code for Jaflred Pressure Vessel.* The operating p re * re should fee based on a factor of safety t V to ss 6. Inspection openings should o ovided in all air receivers 18 inches or more .n diameter. . , ,, ^ (2 ) Installation.-*-Air receive should be installed th at all drains, handholes, a man- >les therein are easily accessible. Air receiv ers should be supported with sufficient ear- ~s to premit a complete external inspection td to avoid corrosion of asternal rarfsc ader so drcumstanees should an air receiver _e buried underground or looted in mn ble place. Th receiver should be located m e*to the compressor or afteroooler as is PJ* ole in order to keep the discharge pipe short, he receiver should be located in a cool p is to facilitate the condensation of moisture ana 1 vapors. msivM&tatboia-bmp mrorkfmc indicating ds^ e88' should be constructed, toasted, toat toe? cannot be readily rendered inopem tive by any means, including the / \ *n safety valves should fee tested fre* anentlv and a t Aguiar intervals to deteimme Thetoer they are in good operating condition. TL, MACHINERY g u a r d in g m llinsi and toeboards are speeifled in this ^Aauad they should conform to the following should be t o d - ^ g h t except where toerwiw specified m d toodd te mmppmi with toefeo&rdti unless tw em to lower rail and floor is filled with " ^ t & r ' K S S 1 3 ' b r t u r t W . tion/should be permanently fastened in place, ad should be maooth and free from Protend ing nails, bolts, and splinters. An te rm ^ ia te rail should be provided between the top rail and the floor, unless this apace is with sub- gj-BwHal wire mesh, expanded m etal or other suitable m aterial ^ , , , ,, (c) If conatructed of pipe, the inside diame- V\k .ter jQf the .pj_ihouH not be kes than l - l / 4_ . Indu ` ` ' ( d f I f constructed of m etal shapes' r t a , : each. part should have, a -cress section a t least equal.lit -strength to. that of i-W /i-^lSy 3/ 16 inch .angle iron. - -7 ` ... (g) Imstructed-ef wood/the posts ehould '.pot.,,be. smaller, th an the s i# eommerdally kaown as 2 by 4-inch-or 3- by 8-inch. The top rail should be a t least as large -as the -alee : known m 2 by 4-inch. The intennediate rail should not be smaller than the sis commer cially known a s 1--by:4-inch. ' . .. (f) Posts anduprights should be spaded not more than 4 -feet apart.- ,,. -- (g) Toeboards should be a t least 6-1/2 inches in Jteight and be constructed of wood, tm etal. metal`grill with openings not exceeding 1 inch or other suitable material. . (k) Intermediate rails and toeboards, and top rails which are attached to the side of the posts, should be placed on the side of the posts away from the engine, belt, floor opening, etc., to be guarded, so that say blow or pressure against them will be taken up by toe posts in stead of tending to posh the rails away from the posts. , _ Z Guards. (&) If guards are made of wire mesh, perforated o r expanded metal, m>ased strips or bars of wood or metal, etc., the width or diameter of the holes should not exceed 2 inches. If parallel strips or bars of wood or metal are used, the space between them should ppt exceed 1 Inch. There should be m opening* more than 1/1 inch in width or diame te r within 4 inches of any gear, belt, pulley or flywheel,.. or other dangerous moving part Wood' to ts should`be smooth and free from splinters, and the holes in perforated or ex tend ed metal should be free from sharp cut **n& T *?he supporting frames should be of substantial construe, sa, such as angle iron, varying from 1 by 1 by 1/8 inch to 1-1/2 by 8/16 Inch, or Iron pipe with inside diameter varying from 8/4 inch to 1-1/2 inch, according to toe weight of the Ailing material, the to e of the panels, and to exposure of the guard to collision with trucks, etc. Any panel which measures mor@ ftum 42 laches in both width and length should be substantially supported ' across its narrowest dimension at intervals of not more than 42 inches. . ^ . (e) The Ailing materia! should be bolted, riveted, or otherwise securely attached to the frame in such a manner that n sharp points o r edges will be exposed. Bolts should be st least 8/16 inch to diameter and should be spaced not more than 10 indies apart Flat ban o r strips used for damps should not be smaller than 8/4 by 1/8 inch if of iron, or 1 by 1 inch if of wood. Perforated r sheet metal may be gpotweided to angle ires frames. (d) The thickness of material used for guards should not be less than is specified in the following table: f%-- A trem B.ms&vtwpsrt at --r wir ----.v*,*#***TM^--"'n*** Under 4 toehea _____ 4-15 iadsas Under 4 inches _____ 4-15 iadw Perforated mete! --------- Under 4 inchee _____ 4-16 laeh* Uniter 4 indws 4-16 SbeIhm Wood or matal Bferip msasri --------___ Under 4 te d ,, --_ 4-15 toehw Weed or metal rtrlp sot Under 4 teeh8 _ ---- 4-18 laehsa 1 Solid WSd` _____----- :---------------- __i 8 S*str*ete C (Ue. rS.ek*WttieM*saari % tad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S tedse _______ H tedbt -#1. -#12. -# is. -#18. H laeh ---- ---- --#80. Xte d --.-- -- -#14. ' 22. 22. . H fash _______ Wd K tech, metal #16. 2 ted _--_ r _ _ Wised % laeh, w tai #16. % taeh width 1 tech wldtli _ Wood %, lads, w m J 14. Wood %laA metal 1. .. ------------------;------ GZM Cp ' '' /- I Cuard host corely m d.pena*J & I S S i d t o ^ . . i * " - u" " ri" *pf i8S S L ^ S f w An *> r d ladtaod belt, ihould be O Tip]rt^ netowl ____ E 3 I ____ n. | n n . , f upper ru n of the b d t is more han't feetao*. toe floor or platform level end to T J w S TM ^ within 7 fe d of the iw r , toe iLm m rfed on aides and outer S i i ^ i g h t o T T I S above toe floor or w i M i d the belt guard between the f la e to irom tb f-w p .S ^ v : : . B A ^ S ^ iS S W 5 T f e i ? a d t o S ld be a minimum J S a a S toe floor or platform level S s exten a a ' m f*et_ tfhe giuard for ^the ^lower sag s %c&pt m aefa ease as follows, _ _ ( i y | f m y p a rt of' a pulley ^ toore thn J* ft but le th a n 7 fast above toe floor ot ptet* t o t o i f f K p w * hould ex to d to the top of the pulley but need not exceed 7 feet above toe floor or platform leveL This "also applies to dutches. (2) If toe top of any pulley than 6 feet above the floor, the g u ^ need not xtend above a point midway between the top S t o e pulley and a height of 6 feet. P o n d e d that in no ease should it extend less to 5__i.k bo the floor unless it covers the top ia dK of tfco bolt Md pulloy. r . whieh pbd> there should be no requirement as at all points within the * * ' pulley* are m located m of auto dimension a* to l>enBi} #?asS | f apper and lower runs of toe belt, the J*T r should be provided with a passage .T ., S a n S S y guarded on aides and top and bottom. & a n fp S e y and feehaW ) Cone put t o belts more than 2-1/2 inches m widto sehraoualnddbaelleqsaonipeppu! lley belte should be garaea t e a point S inches above thejuppm g Joint of toe felt and pullev and sot iaehes from the floor part of the lower cone is less than 8 feet above the floor or platform leveL (b) Where both upper within 7 feet of the oor ^ P j^ o m lev eL a s tt la an overhead belt, the guard m&y be a basket or box, suspended from above and attending cross the bottom all around the pulley to a height of * f * e t ; ax S?pt where toe top of the height when the guard toould xtm d to the top of toe pulley but need not exceed 7 feet (b) Where no pulley hazard is involved, a idjmdBTd railing placed not less than or more than 20 inehes from the belt, measured horizontally from the top of 1toe railing, will b considered a sufficient guard. fe \ jf the belt is inclined, the height of the gmJd or distance of the guard or railing from thTfeelt should be such that the vertical dearme between toe floor and toeJower run of toe bait a t any point outside of the guard or rail ing should not be less than 6 feet 6 inches B. Bm iwaial Where both runs of toe belt are within 7 feet of the floor or plat form level, the guard should extend at least lo inches above the upper run or to a height or 7 feet above the floor. In no owe should the guard ten d leas than 42 mches abov* the lor e@pt that if it covers the top as we ms all tides of the belt and pulley, there should be no reanirem ent aa to height. inch that mechanical felt ssW i quired and ss?^ r s a ^ fie d to iS ? dosing ~ 5 S ^ a ^ V S t "W i2 S S S or otowadeq*** means readily aeesa S ? f e t h f ? 5 2 of stopping the machine <*U/ 6 / y Machines a which two or more 1 work should be equipped with one or more> -^5* an located that more than one of these 2 S .S STTuiddy M** th. uuOm* fT/c) 0i^ritsd from * niaeea should be provided with read- f l f S L t t K S for shSttinr off tho power and inAiM of locking ntrol to protect men workTnT^o . r S ^ i 0S*iMt ooapected fcartinff. \\S 7 ?yQ^' r~o C3 P a g . . Balt s h m * r a W a /`; re ry set of tight pd Jooee .pulleys should be equipped with & fsrmmmt- belt-shifter so' Isc&ted s t a t e with in e s y reach, of th e operator. th e belt shifter ' should!* m to make it knpos - sible for the belt to creep from the loose nulley to the tight pulley. : *" - - (b) - Every helt^shifter should be equipped with an Interlocking device-which will prevent acadeptal shifting. ; ..... . - - ' (e) ' Where overhead belt shifters are sot located directly over & machine or tench, the shifting lever should be cutoff ft feet ft laches above floor:level. ; . 8. PuBey--Location m sSuiUna^fa) E rety -pulley near a shaft hanger, shaft bearing,, or other Axed object should be placed so as to al low a side clearance a t least 4 /2 inch greater than the width of the belt between the pulley and the nearest part of such shaft hanger, shaft tearing, or other fixed object or a guard should be placed adjacent to the pulley to prevent the belt from running off on the side next to the shaft hanger, shaft tearing, or ether fixed object. - (b) Where pulleys must te deeer together on the shaft than the width of the wider belt plus 1/2 inch, the pulleys should be guarded m that the belt on either pulley cannot run off between the pulleys. 10. gears should t e solidly *n- doaed, except that gears without spokes or holes in the web may be guarded by a band guard with flanges extending beyond the root of the teeth. 11. Keys and keysmta*--fo ) Every projectlag key in revolving shafting where exposed to eantset, should te cut off or enclosed. (b) Every key-seat in revolving shafting, - where posed to eeataet, should te filled or c lo se d . 12. Flywheel* and shafting,--(a) Flywheel #snfe.--Flywheels located so that any part is six (8) feet or le u above the floor or platform . should be guarded in one of the following ways: Cl) With a standard mHing.-- The railing must te placed not less than six (6) indies nor more than twenty (20) inches from the wheel. Provided th at it should be not less than fifteen (16) indie from the spokes of wheel or pro jections, If wheel extends into pit or within two (2) Inches of the floor, a standard tee > board should te installed. I f passage over jour . sal or tearing is necessary, the passageway should te provided with a standard railing and tosbaard. -- (2) With an esKetejmng of Mheets perforated, r expanded metal or wotrm wirg^^Wheu such gm rd is pkeed less than six (6) indies from wheel, it should te not le u than six (8) feet high, except if flywheel is le u than six (6) feet high, the guard should te not le u than the height of the wheel from the- floor. In no ease should guard be le u than three (S) feet six , (ft) inches high unless wheel incompletely en closed. including the top. Where durance of guard ^TOm flywheel a t any point is under four (4) inches, the largest mesh or opening allow able should not t e more than one-half (1/2 ) inch. Where such clearance is from four (4 ) to fifteen (15) inch, largest mesh or opening allowable should not be greater than two (2) inches. (8) Flywheels, with saooth rims, fire (6) feet o r le u in diam e^r, other & m wheel hav*. lag solid web centers, where the preceding methods cannot te applied, should te provided with a disc having a smooth surface and edge attached to the flywheel in such s maimer m to cover the spokes of the wheal on the exposed side. The disc may te four (4) Indies smaller in radius than the radius of the inner surface o f the wheel if it is desired to provide space fo r bar in turning over the wheel Keys and other dangerous projections not covered by disc should te cut off or covered. 14) An adjustable guard may be used where it la necessary to start engine o r for making adjustments. - (5) A slot opening for jack te r will be per mitted, (ft) Spokes o f pulleys, balance wheels, or flywheel other than on a prime mover, toe bot tom of which is six (6) soot or leu above the floor or other working level should be protected by filling in the spokes or by guarding as re quired fo r belts. . (b) Shafting^AQ exposed parts of trese mission shafting six (6) feet or le u from floor or working platform should te protected by s stetionary casing enclosing shafting complete ly. Horizontal shafting may te guarded by a trough, enclosing sides sad top or sides and bot tom of shafting as cation requires. Shafting under tench machines should be enclosed by a stationary casing or by a trough at sides and top, or sides sad bottom, ms Iec&tion requires. The sides of the trough should coma within a t least 6 inches of the underside of the table, or if shafting is located sear floor, within 8 inches of floor. In every ease the sides of trough should extend a t least 2 inches below o r above toe shafting m to on e may be. Revolving shafting sad spindles foralng E y t of and integral with individual machines where such part creates a hazard should be enslorod o r wvered, .s rrejerrm, ffm&mmff met) ^ . --Protection from the dies of every pres e ep t hot-metsi presses, should te provide sy means of toe following: (1) Complete enclosure, or (2 ) Full automatic feed, or \\c1 003400 c ( t ) SemlulotmU'i i w'U* m X that the operator tripped, " i "" - -down tsroke * * ? * * J ? w 5 jd i permits the in " or deviM A w id t* w j g . ^ Spletioii f-the a e r t U m o t & * * v downward tti^ e |TM h fer press should be show, in the. ,uipped w ift: ' disconnects _" S S w = te d lr stroke, foUowihg tables fa-vAmatm. wmih &Wasm i wwajw .' fa* ,-.- - EiMftOTt Mb " ' - % - e tef% --------- i% te Stt -- -- ----- .- % w e --r-"1------ . . . . 1% a % - ---------- -- -- _ % H W 1 .i 1--~ - "- - - ...,.^ - 1% ` m to 8V* -- -- / .-- . ,, . , ^ from the dutch * f ^ 5 * ^ itr w - - or &} - - &' dut ch mechanism lien, n n t o m ^ l l y l j o ^ ^ J g J mk@ &see . into place so that the E S d le r hand kwer is -end stroke s&Ul .^ ^ ^ L g it ie n . or (S) By agaiafpressed to ik accomplish the Some other aone raialtoutlsnedid eJ"tJ5fa& ri remains m E ^ S a X 5 S^2 ? L ta S f iM * a '^ IS rtfS jS S h jita ^ ^ J g -* iftS W ta * 5 iih - m i * ra m enesfed t e ^ e o p e ^ -- to pwvenfc press, so designed ^ ^ ^ ? f ^ uring one baa- jfS"c S t t S i i f < M I ft ---- " >*"" iand only, or ~ ---- (2) Am raterloc bivr'tthh*e trippppifntgi txerropcoescess aa bb u^nefrf oo s M d S 'i f f l B i s * fte will not a ij G S ff *i r Z Z t U t S M att J.xM M 0MAA flP - from without i l l A s automatic ^ ^ S S S S & ra rfft J g s - ? ll4 S r , a s s tty or be be arranged soJh&t r t p i s t e s , or tween the g w * S j T t f f 3 n preoent the <?> i S J S L W n g & w * the operator's f i 2 S T r S r f t a k b r tw ft M > " ?< % & i S W K a & % iM s S iA Standard,8^ ^ o d e ^ Protection of Abram e full safety measures are . '& r a s s feat ^ ^ g fr per m f t*ons _ j j | grinding wheel* a n M 3 f&^ ;r r tr a f w fragile. G reat r e n e x ^ e d la haaSling and storage to should b mirfit gsuae a wheel to E S S ^ ^ 8* ^ 1 .1 -- (hoopfadiiou).* /I? ffiJ tracks or suitable conveyor which _ _ __ ___ iplf tn n i M * ' " --- - Mdt (t) e4i**a>)wfeatd . Sai "iT S nLl.&HumHBaw-EtfaMmMswM?"*i<- --T -* wed fom tram IS \7^- r \ n Z r\ U L j "i v Iji Uiifciiifeij .... Wherever the nature J^horiS ntal a 'o f wheel* ^ e t * e a n ie U ft- contact .with the j f **^rtL aatoMie. should, not -plane of- ^ fi?|,ndS L ^ ^ S b u l d begin *t ' Scored Ws ctend to * point not mere the horisentsl to toppleover. ....... -. point not more than J. *10 . San of the whed W j j ; ,, _ !& * msadmuro - W f S S S ^ j & S & ' S i ^ P (2 ) C M r > ' i ' i f a S t o g Wheel^pen- .*should be ^ u ^ J S w w i storage room angular ctpoaure.of the jiri epUndncal _ sherf and sides ierh o o d s jso% This nd should always ^ pnpack- g r iS U ore than s ^ s e * 5 01 * wbe!! g; w% i t t S ^ W ^ h - l S S d to >" "" & * * . 'X i STSM ed preaixtian. Iffl! n & iw hlfesw pen^ pfemerit, av ma^llet afor rkeenerJ \ * i * i h j " w h 2 to must xscked, ^ ^ ^ j J ^ w d S T w h s i i &pplyif " A - A S a S a ^ - y j t s d n r Sue/ The intflamim agm"r for fescids. used tag wheel- periphery and sweet grinding r cutting r. maehme which e m P ^ / jg posure would should not W below the begin at a f lnt^ l " " hidKlndte. . hor(i4z)ontSawl mplagn^e ^f.TthreJ S osJuJJrJeJfcofgtrhinedgerri*n.d--- The maximum angular &P hoods used DS do Vitrified sad machines lag wheel m t a n r " ^ f i S u e and portoanblemgarcihnidnmesgkmnoawrinn ea*s s,houuld BO*^exce^ed pIrSoO. > S S Z E S t mwimim ^bratioa. m^Mnm should be *es a a*- . oundations or ^ |T ^ ^ ^ L t i o n a r r abrasive (*) ^^r ^ ^ u VwSel8 d*5i stationary wheel sad P ? i ^ ! 5 5 J S -ard of the d i tto s should b* ju m p e d J ^ S tin d the shock typ .strong W ^ S S ^ b M d guard , i . b u w U n g ^ a ^ ^ ^ y ^ shock of a strong aough to ^ port> S operation 1 th . S n l t f - 'S T W e d r U r 1 and the top half of th wireo " tected at all times. 9M tio m where the (6) Top t e T S the wheel the work is * ^ uni n- S i d g wheel periphery S K i p * *-- mum imosu of j --# _ a o o d s of the ^ ? * 2 r < 2 ) Wder "E/P?" type escri^d J IJ J L * e operator stands m sure Permitted, where w . aiiructed so fthruant tthoef *P^en.p'he"r^7 ;p*r,eSu^,,gg S S raiacmanethere adjusted to theeonstantly of the wheel. The nmximnm S v . tlw l-ctontol ganc |f ^posure spindle be U ii S S S " ffl/ { f ^ S r o n t S T * to* maintain proper feould be and the strength of f e i s s s o % -' S f S S * S Should cxd the etrength of never exceed 1 `4 mch. ahould be kept adj(uks)tedWdorokser wtotothjer ;w^ nXeeirwS twh a maximf um dis^mre of l/8 ta c h ^ P v e n t Jh^work ire^ ss? B ^ ss s r ^ " ft & d g ^ h t e g ^ d Bufflng Equipment ^ 15* E i S ' permltUd.-- (1) " d " 1 hood! nmd on floor stand* j qq* or one-fourth ~ u r e should begin - i f p S S i S o S ^ ^ ^ , the hori- SntsFplane of fe wheel spindle. being "^ . W b f w S F damped after S t it t s should act be S id e while the wheel 1 m. : Zknllng--M ReIvEo.lviMngi,scoeslclailnlaeotiunsg or reciprocating pans of , Jz *szssssrv tss engines id other maehtne'Sj * s moving ^ fm ^ C n n k s or crank eonnectmg rods, where p o ^ d hnuld be scuarded. \^ 1 340 Cf bwsuJ ry (S) Eccentrics and. earns.jffhers posed to f*r.om felling to a distance of tea than T feet e a t u t , should b e f o ir d e i, " . rp to rn the floor or working level. . #4) Machine parte having a seeipree&tisg t. nr eseTOating motion such tto t a A ^ a r in g - ^ :: erS&ing hsxard is'.created ahoold he guarded.' ?S)- Any moving part of a madune wnien Alt'spnngt hould b , B iardrf or SjlTa at any time leaves aspace of Ids than 18 inches wise equipped to eliminate any haaard due breakage of spring or failure of toe mounting. between it *nd any fixed Object-net a w r t of; the madune, or between it In d a moving, or - 10. Lathes and automatic m w stationary p art-o f .any other machine should~ ^ChU dte and face plates should be t m e item irsffslssi& Seviees-- All machine lubrieat- d while in motion and having lubricating de vices so located as to make it h& f^ous to *** teach them should be equipped with an auto- ly in thecaae*of high speeds used in the softer mstie oiling device or some equally efflaenE . m etals should be provided. - R otating stock to tu rre t k th es and automatic means to protect toe oiler. ** " ' screw machines should be ownpletely ^ d osed Machines shut down for oiling or mainte in pipe bng enough to ontain toe longest stock nance should be marked, locked or otherwise protected so a to prevent starting the madune " Itaitable shields and ofl eatehere sho^d be while such work is in progress. provided to prevent glippermess to m the on (e) Projecting parts on shafts.--E ve n pro thrown to m autom atic screw machines. jecting part a a revolving shaft such as a col (a) Britt presses-- AH projections on. toe lar. damp, pin, coupling, oiling device, etc., where exposed to am tact (which should todude rotating spindle, and as much of the spindle exposure while oiling machinery la motion# itself as possible should be guarded, Spindle drive belts when in rang of toe should be guarded. ,. . , (d) Revolving stodb--AO revolving stock operator's head or body, should be guarded projecting from machines should be guarded against both outset and breakage. (h) Drop hammers.-- Every drop ham ner. by pipe enclosure or other means to prevent toe operation of which requires the hands to be contact with the stock. (s) Noise reduction.-- It in derirable to re placedbetw een the dies, toould duce to the minimum toe noise toddent to to with a positive stop th at wffi cent of the hammer until the operators hand operation of machines wpectolly where there we a number placed do to each other. are withdraw n. ,,, , . It. Fans-- The blades of vary fan open to A shield r w a should b t provid'd for very drop hammer xept where y a rd e d v eonteet should be guarded in accordance with location when the operation ia such that spark Part II E of these standards except that fans more than seven feet above the floor or lurk or scales are liable to be thrown off. ing level need not be guarded providing toe On every board drop hammer guard should be provided, around tosboard HUH cease to revolve before any work of a character which would expo# any person to K v e toe roll to prevent to board fetong to contact with such t o is permitted. Thto stess- mao the board break or comes loose from toe dsrd also applies to the ordinary smce fan. ram. (e) Planers and shapers (iM tal). -- The 17. EevoWag drams and cylindera-- f,# spaces between to ways of planer trm jm Revolving barrels, drum or other eontamere, should be filled in amoothly with heavy sheet wfaera posed to centaci should b guarded Jby m esdosur or standard guard rail ffi accord metal to elim inate to shear ham nl ance with Part H E of these standards. Where clearance from fixed objectsJ* m&d` quate, men may be ea&ght by the itoota w fb) Tanning drams, where exposed to con tact, should be guarded by an enclosure built m planer or shaperf in mch cases P**0 low aecordsa^ with guarding m specified under for the possible stroke should be P art n E. to a height of 6 feet. railed off to auch manner as to give protection without creating a shew hssard between toe (e) tsdner, Every drum or other which must be loaded revolving or as railing and the planer table or the work car* should b equipped with a ta k e orJ ried on it. , .will mmhh the operator to lock the drum while (d} Metal shear-- T h a n two b loading r unlodmg it. typos of met&l toears"~#iJJigs.toF and squaring. The latter may be either power or foot-oper . 18. Counterweight,, tmrion weights and wrings-- f) Every counterweight, where - ated. AH should be gwritetL ' pwd to amtact, should benclosed or qmP.pecl ( 1 ) Alligator shears.--These A m m are with a safety chain that will prevent toe weight used to cut rods, bant, steap, etc. They \S - 0034 cc azw agei to r m waiiatKmily, the material b> be a toed or manually adjusted hood or StoH . tag inserted sa-the jaw opens. In cu ttiaf snort .. provided the pace between toe bottom of tee ' piecestSU -operito is' Ekely to get t o fingers. . guard -and -tee material being machined dee `ander the 4pnfe...Atoo, hajnay. fjgmfale r trip .. mot exceed 8-/8-inch at any t o e . "fo handling the-jrtpckand b m ifM- 1 The 'exposed -parte f the cutter blade under ''tee t e b ^ i K d t e guarded. ' Jm^'oecu^tferwig^Taek of ears m sorting out . tumfi metal which might fly when a it or throw (h) Band knife band -chip* xfrom itself or. from tit knife. If f rly - knives and afl parte of the blade should be en ~ m m rw material is handled, mechanical,feed.. , closed except t o t p art bet-wesa the fniide and m readily "Bedevised. In Junk yards, however, the table th a t is necessary for the thickness of -this-is not -feasible. Eyen-in sucheaaM jt is . tee material being cut. I f a m*trt >vnA, usually feasible to guard this machine by run* ft ahould be not less than No. 20 U. S. Stendard . Bing a heavy JJ-shaped metal strap horizontally Gauges If other metal is used, it should be of ground the moving (upper) jaw with tee l o w . equal strength and firmness. dse of the strap just far enough above tee 4. renter* rio mws^-K hood ahould be gutting edge of the fixed jaw to allow the mate provided that will cover tee saw at all t o e s ' rial to be inserted under it. _ . (2) Samring shears*--Injuries usually r e to a t least the depth of the teeth. , ,, The hood should automatically adjust Itself sult from .the fact teat where the operator's .. to the thickness of and remain in contact with foot is on the treadle he is in poor balance, with the material being cot at tee point where the tee added fact that the necessary angle set of stock encounters the aaw, or it may be a toed the knife is likely, with thick material or a dull or manually adjusted hood r guard, provided knife, to draw the matensJ under it and the the space between tee bottom of the v u r c and operator's hand with it. . tee material being cut does not exceed 8 /8 inch Squaring shears either meehaniral, foot or at any t o e . ,. , . hand power, and fed by hand, shall have the The hood or other guard should be so de knives substantially guarded. This guard may signed as to prevent & "kick-back" or & sepa be a fixed barrier, set not more than tare rate attachment th at .will prevent a kidc- eighths (3/8) inch above the table or the mate- back" ahould be provided. Non-kidcback de m i being sheared. Automata damp shall be vices should be effective for all thicknesses of acceptable as guard when cut-outs are filled m materials that are ait. s that the finger of the operator cannot enter Except when grooving, dadoing or rabbeting, tee danger son. a spreader should be provided end fastened . securely at tee rear of saw in alignment with F, WOODWORKING MACHINES aaw blade. I t should be alightly thinner than the saw kerf sad slightly thicker than the saw rI. Band saw or band knlfe^--Band wheels of band mwB or band knives and all parts of The exposed pert of the aw Wade under t o the blade should be enclosed or guarted except table should be guarded. the part between the guide and table that s* 5. Self-feed dreakr rip m n ^ A hood or necessary for the thickness of the material be guard should be provided that will cover the, ing c u t If a metal guard is lifted it teould be saw at all t o e s at least to toe depth of the of not less than 20 U. S. Standard Gauge. If teeth. The hood or guard need not rest upon other material is used, the guard should be of tee table nor upon the material being cut,, out equal strength sad firmness. ahould extend to a line net more than 3/8 inch Z Band resaw.~-Band wheels of band re above the plane formed by the bottom of t o saws and all portion of the blade should be feed rolls. , , , , enclosed or guarded except the portion between , The feed rolls should be enclosed, except rate the guide and table that fa necessary for the p art m may be necessary to feed stock. thickness of the m aterial being cu t If a metal A spreader should also be provided and fast- rd is used it should be of not less than No. sued securely a t the rear of a w in alignment U. a. Standard Gauge. If other material fa with saw blade, except where a roller wheel fa wed, the guard should bof equal strength m i provided back of the saw. The spreader should ' firmness. The feed rolls should be enclosed,, be slightly thinner than tee saw kerf and slight oept such part m may be necessary to feed ly thicker thaw tee saw disc. Non-tackback stock. 8. Cork cuttwv-- Circular knife typ e.-- d o n shall be provided to front of the mvn, >Kie exposed part of the-saw blade under the A hood should be provided that will cover the table should be guarded. knife a t all tones to at least the depth of the cutting edge. The hood should automatically g. Self-feed hand rip Band wheefa adjust itself to the thickness of and remain m of elf-feed band rip aw and all portion* of the blade should be enclosed or guarded except contact with the material being cut a t the point wher the stock encounters the knife, or it may the portion between the guide and table that fa \%*> n ? r ~ a * ____ ra. feftdmass o f t o maferial he? * &metal guard ia uaed It should 1 ' ^ S 3 S 8 S iS !5 w a g e * . * -: ^ ffiS S K ^ tS -w . b p r o r td a i^ t lirin^ddver the ht.*n tta* at least to fe depth of Ita ffiffiv ., 'S h S w i^ Q ld siitonmtapUy to fe i thickness of and remain to S en a to ria l being eat > p ^ t ^ e r e t o tedk eneoimters fee saw, A 3S S 5 ^m aaoaH y adjusted hood or t o space between t o bottom! t o material being rat does not exceed 8/8 badft 2 any time, th is rule should S S L cross cat mw* S S e t h a saw moves forward whan Ctcal&r row && ^ ?Z tables where fee saw moves * w w J ^ J " T fesg should have a hood or guard securely - 5 " fe e S b le feat will e W t o j t o position*. The hood or guard aho^d ten d at - W two inches in front of the saw teeth, when t o saw is in its back position. . *?The exposed part of t o ftS S S fc S t c w ver fee naw toefe .at sB to e s except ' where t o m te ria l is tain* a t .. VL jointer o r gyltotee&i getting head should be _n A guard v rh iA > 3ia?ts ;tn to w a n iy < - t o cutting heacLshouki ta posed parts of ^ ttin g t o d sho^d be g ^ r ^ ^W h ere equipped w i t h * "2 i i S ^feeding m ectousm to u ld ta g a a r e ^ .-W here knives are exposed beneath fee w w , ibinalma wogww*ebs mr^C TT ^ point of operation of any tool to u id be guarded as requlrwTfo r such tool to a s e ^ ro w s ^ s ^ S S s j s i S S n e . ThTdrive ^ * " 2 TM * **" * s s jiS B S S M fW J s a beMg <Morttalot & ia t- a mj a ^ is ^ C h ^ a M ortbn.-- * ** guarded by a d o r n on top. a Moulders. m atchers, and eueaem*" These should be guarded w ith AK>lnstnH th a t should be so arrange " G m rintained as to guard effectively all. cutting he^ e d , r o lishould be ^ *t ot5o r? JauStoSmatically to t o tads t o table when released at any pomt of its travel. If a counterweight is used. *tt ta ta |WPrtt o t o t o and weight should be provided-mfe * ^ " i a ,5 s s s - i i i s * i t. goartled w ith hoods o r other ndM urejw ar* S g e d and m aintained as to guard affectively -* P",1" ^ S * & with hoods or other maintained as to guard effectively an eaurag h* attached to it to prevent dropping. f W fc Aflina or ofeer p o a it ir e ^ p a t o j ^ b provided to prevent t o aaw & aa swinging 1" l W ^ " lhiul<i h . d g j . J g W * *"' h beyond fe front edge of fee tAl& 9. O resto resawa^-A hood feetM be 1^ vided feat will cover t o saw at aD tta, * m pt where t o material is haing cut. _ . A spreader should also be>provided^end fast ewniefde tseocusraewlybalatdteh,e ereeair^ owfhiaa^wtor o to w h ^ ii provided back of saw. The P totoM fetoJ be slightly thinner than fee saw m s f an slightly thicker than t o saw disc. Feed mil, should be doped ep t " eh. part as may be a sm ? to $?**: ... Non-kickbaek dogs across the full width of t o table should be provided. 10. Portable elrchlar jm w ^ ^ r t o t o di^ calar saws should be provided w ife a he S d e d r e of febl Aould not be greater man 1/ t 0B Brum eotpoeed p a rts of t o t e m , o iP t thM rial pmes to roatact with t o ssraasw m* i*gJlX'^'2zs? "A to p ers should be provided with a will prevent the hands of t o operator from caning to contact w ife the taiv a.^ ssrol nrtr<8 Mjfr BTvniy when templates are used, which will effectively keep fee operetor's hands sw ty id \2 ^ 003405 1 ~bd < the Imives'er-'wfceir-sbaplng 8to^ d m aintained as to guard tiag pasts sad saws, . towuI W d from cetan tta* ta>* ! " * * d ta e' = ? * b t o . tou fd " * * * 2 "^ . ,, to r t o f t <> f"fiecd.h.a'n"eLal,.b'T lii h^g . r[ Kto ik S. m T1 "Ifcshoauld mechameal or electnc&L . tootied sad S sa ^ E t S r fr cutter whit * 5 TM * * % . sg S I" * - 0* Uie r ^ j f f tbs should also ^ ] S S S *L * t r-i e wbraki^ng fsorsalite^rn^inSg-cbum natbOf MS Smaty t Bla^ over ft sides sad frem. _u^-.Veneer dip* one and oneftalf K % 5 S d t o t o f t - s s s s i t t ? 4 * s 4 - -- * * X ^ T t f f U S & S S S r , " * 'ta :S ? i 5 S S - J -- mounted mrtia f t o Q. CRANES AND HOISTS i Overhead IroBeya and m o a o r a tt^ E w ", 1^ ., end every monorail ran overhead trolley ana_ r v , t o revent it leav- should he constrected m m P that where, imngc twh*e t*rack at an> foproinretmesocveapl, tro,l.leys c because oi guard rail S t S S M S f M to^ CTr r`!&ttMo. -- Lubricating devices I f tS S tf S tt? S T A S IS S ^ w sa cB a c s&5fsfa^ ^ ^ S Sift tIhnetoy pslhaocueldfejbr eg smo v*^P^^m^ed^iaitfeilyL nrpor d e a i i * ffi^W om m ndatleim eon tained herein A ould^pply ^ J tfbriE , S iK S M A * overhead traveling 8SV 3S modifies i-d - m*fS S U SSiSffist d atead i tf X@ m il is pre- to W to b j^ o m Is available on c ^ ^ p e m te d cmm^ Should be provided entire length of the bridge ?S girders, the troUey te S o p p o s J e aide of a s s e s s & s i& ! a K footwalk mounted o n f t j TM ^ ^ S k o T t h e S u ^ 5 ? if d f tto S > t tat t o u ga l? fS m bsBdSg'Sigthw im . it may be s t- A engaging the tread ened to tn *" *f Ar r "f l w i^h t at least equal of the wheel *houW o fa "g j j n engaging & "r S l f 1 ^ t a , to n 4 Inches may be wed. . . heftdroom f If it is not p o a s k b l ^ P ^ * ; ete ^ t t e d to the radiua <r f t t a M *, 1*. other than one (b) B u f f e r s ^ gr buffers or f " i , ? " " ^ a d X a ? n ^ p U t i o r a buUt r t t o rtbP t o . w g ^ ^ 1 trolley on i^ ^ a d b e ^ m v i d e d . If there . ., cushioning d@vis p M runway, r t S , Wb u llt d tm s rtd s t o m w ium is more O an one 1^ S d b previd- buffers or ^ ^ f S S T WOf k C m - s t a i n r a r .-- B to j- to d t ^ f f l s g r . ,,s S ! i i i s s n S B S 1* S r S f e A 5 S t o C T f . " " >* * * to dependent J o b to j fil , ij unit of a can Maioped with two hotota,the H B u d should be at at an angle of not mow brsMng mean exc*P , eh a to prevent the thn 50* with the horizontal tie of whc* w o rn la uea a w p \9 ^ \ . S 003A06 t c r J ' C T O gag^^E aclosara. fa)/door rage floor of every indoor ever cr*J?* should be solid except that ^ " #8 ao t exceeding 1/2 inch ^ io n r " ^nm ded where necessary for should be renewed when Inspection zm m k m am conditions. Bolts or nails should not be toed to connect spuct or shorten chains. Knots should not be tied m toe chain. e&ge of m m j indoor overf S w r ?d " nm should be enclosed aa A hoist cable should be considered unsafe sad should be renewed when because of broken wires, wear, rust, undue strain, or other cause 5 l 52^ ? * height of 42 inches, o r ip W th not less than No. 10 wire screen " * *^nJ?h o f the cable becomes reduced 25 percent Hoist cables will be considered unsafe when Bfym inspection 10 percent or more of Z y r F & V S P P sot than S inchm, to fJ* 8^ * * <2 mdses, w ith teeboard, or W ith a standard guard rail and to fW O utdoor m ag .T he a g e of e r v "fanber o f wires are broken in a length equal to eight diameters o f the cable. Crane hoist cable should be lubricated and mspeeted at frequent intervals. Proper lubri ration adds much to their durability, 3 H 2 ^ e l i n g crane should b efSSy e n d S ^ n a ^ w i AooVid.fl!g!*ivt eh ammp^ledvesiri*ontfhoer opffecratTohres H, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PERSONAL SERVICES hould have the aide*w* in*d?owfrsoaartrasnaigdedbtaockopbeun.t Jd r i K f t ? 1* *win* hsward o r should Hide, a t S E S i 1* " TM l**d1.1to dose automatically. ^ ^ i K r^ Uf? i^ aon?bIy comfortable for the P5r^t0.sh u d hmaintained in cold weather. tiuL S ? r Trolley conductors sould be so located or a6 guarded that persons rntenag or leaving the cage are not lilS y to sane into contact with feheS y 10 S. Holato---fa / Lrnsi ottoAet.--Each over a d sleetne o r air operated hoist motor should I?J21U^ i d limit switch so 1^ * d%WiS?t*hKeTtbiri8aTkde "m tteimdeisctoonsntoecpt ttohee mmoottoorr *fe travel i* 8" * ^ highest point of JtK 5**? rapora dusts, fumes and mlsts^-- dn^L msts, fumes, gases or other atm- pnenc Impurities generated in connection with an operation or process, emitted into or dis seminated throughout areas where persons are employed, in quantities as are determined to mhn^u^01 *? ^.health of such employees toould be controlled by toe methods set forth Control Measures" below. Where t t e r t is any' doubt concerning -toe !! o f a harm ful condition, the contractor should toy determinations made of toe kind ana.nm dupt ^L *traospheric imjiurities from j f bC workers during normal operations The^e idetonninations. should be made by a properly Qualified analyst. !ectrie * air-operated jj ^ ^ provided with an sleetri- L S ^ w * ^ ul^ ? ,1,y ?rated brake no ar s 1Sml ! hl i rJ k be applied when the Jut IL ^ 2 F .fpos? * hoist This brake tdd have sufficient holding power to sustain |les than one and ne-half times the rated v J aL sUmoabh ameentrationM.-- M bstancra, the valuM raeom mended tqf the American Conference of G o v enuaentol Industrial Hygienists should be used as a guide for allowable concentrationi Gmm tmd Vmpvm The hoisting dram. of mil hand pow er heists 'ijj quip p ed with aa effective brake, and ^ Pn m df d ^ t h a ratchet and pawl of ^cint strength to hold toe load in any pori '*) Cpaei&l? m arking.--'Tb rated load of fa pound or tons, should be legibly TM* ^qwt m block. r*L Cfentovt frnfpm m t^O pem tm g trek m - d j jy g r ta d to indicate to resultant ff3 pt8 M^.ehala&^Chidm, ropss, riam \ shags, and other d s v E ior hoisting and lifting dtL*i bf subjected to greater working a ^fS-r t eGI??lsnded by their manufac* They should be frequently mspeeted and Siafetaae; Ammaala AwIb Bemjmg, (bensol) .... Cmsfami moitoxJd Qartas ttiosiit Peamaldah^ wUji Ujdmma. eMorlde HydjrvgTO gymaida Hythw* nlphlile Hydrogen fluorid Methyl ehlorfd ?hegmm StsJfw dtasids TolMBt - , Tarpmana Xylene a*-* 100.00 MS 8M 100.00 .TO L00 MO >.00 MO 10.00 mm aoo imm 1M MM m.m 100.00 S00.Q0 a %7S4 r~ u t Teste tout* Ftm* md MteU SoM u m : MmsfST germ. > _ !U. _ 4 _ J c ^SBSBES *ai'UPP&4J P ' I S i ' ' m o m . Of Jfbwrst tout Sabetw&e: Cirbemnduin J)se& (aaiuneacM if &Qie&| Pwtlsad lit ---- ------- 1 af^jwa.1 -- _ __ tmo _ _ BO tiiiUl liwS: m all {abstm SO pM nft free S102) -- M8ed1i0a.) (t fereeat * SP*8*1 tsm to Lew (below I pneaat free 810,) -- * piafea (Wow i p**at fne 810,) <------ 00 S S fS IMh^ w t th at tabulation<rf*oeh** K 3 <i not r o w t i t ^ j Whenever compressed.Mrte i " " g reap, atora, a approved ^ J i f f 5 3 8 r should be p fh# compressor should Sro rb equable ti ecUected mate SBS S S t d S - t t iS A is s s s if ir a f s M ^ Additional sampling and analysis a v be 5 to S to * * * P * 1 " m V { the control equipment, m (h) C on tro l metuure$<-~One O fm o j following methods should be used teeonbp harmful dusts, mists, fumes, gases and ether atmospheric impurities: (1 ) Inclosure of such process r operation, (g) Isolation or rearrangement of such pro Operations or processes ktaJT of dust, fumes. Mnneeted to the same exhaust system when ua mixture may result in the formation of time, {Unusable or explosive compounds. . , Contaminated nm tenab removed by *TM*t systems should be disposed o f to suto miumer t o a t S y do not reenter to toe woricer or create a tmrard to other * cess or operation. , . ., (8) Substitution of aon-tosJe material. (4 ) Wet methods. (B) Dilution by general^ventilatioin (6) exhaust ventilation, 17) Temperature control. . (a) Reroonol protective <gfwpme&t^~WMFii the above methods are impractical, P*rs* protective equipment suited to the hazards and conditions involved ahould bo provided. How ever, such equipment should net be used in lieu of suitable control measures Where irritant or tome substances may am in contact with the skin or clothing, the H" ployeea should be adequately protected by on r more of the following: . ( 1 ) Heeeasary protective dothing, ipoves, h elm ets, goggles, s a d footwear.. - (2) A suitable protective matmeat for - **($) fa c ilitie s s a d suitsble sol vents, such as soap and h o t w ater, f o r t h e - s S S of accumulated material mad protective " aS S S w ilM ato TM meat should be properly instructed i& to wm 6f f i f 1J e ^ S S ^ r p r o t e c t s Afl respiratory protective devices bouM hm? toe approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines for toe exposures involved. 'r w t s a s s ^ ^ * * be provided where persons * " g P ^ iij S d t o hssard which may reasonably be spestea to estiMi Injury to the eyes. Such faaxsrds a re : . ... (a) Relatively Jorge flying sse many operations and processes where to E srd ob ct^ S om e of th es e k p p ta g . gk ig, coarse grinding, som riveting operation J s w f s S flying hssard eeura. Some of these **.*c**i[ grinding, stone dressing, rttwddrngadiwue K lw o r k ta g and metri working (a) Sploshing metoL -- Them operations and nocsssesi r i n a Some of toes m t aMut t of . of hot metal and dipping is hot (d) In jvrvn u mm> fismm m d Thera ara many operations and tois hssard ssura. tea @f to# a " rd in the handling of adds and (a) Injurious radiant m say operations and prora wte?e tMi k c * art warn Some of toese my sketne lag, oxyaestylen and o^ h yto^ en w ^ in g ^ d estting, furnace tending and irradiation with ultra violet lig h t ... . g. Sanitatkm and peraowd s v k e wav- which employees may eat their lunches should 22 -1 IT S S 00340H r "3 |mw2 P*i tz a c a a be provided ia plants wiser. TO^d to harmful materials in the work w m . f K Z S a h o u M be maintained in d e m S d S 5 r t o n d it k r a at all times u d M ''S S o ld b e ^ e n tiU te d , Hlummsted, and heated ties and should be mamtmaed Smitary condition a t all t u m f n w ^ u ld S t e p e r m it te d -where more than S j S f i a-jriet,e;m- palwa Saad.fMPiyn t^qobx w hen Kf0dStSUfti " n . privy Aoold b , d properly and adequately. . unless it can be located, e o n s ^ e ^ and tS ) Pressing nxm*.--Workers who handle S ie d without danger of contamination of any o r a exposed to harmful manner thaT sostaci of work doUves w ith street slothes w ill eemmunieate foi substances aecumulatod d u n ^ warfcme * w te * " *<TM>d 1ia all toilet rooms used by Mnn(jd at regular and frequent intervals. hoars should he provided with liU prevent th is eonteet free ventilation or dry f the work while they are not in use. In It is necessary for both male and ployeet to change clothes, separate dressing .An adequate supply of toilet paper fa proper holders should be provided fa .each.toilet room. AH toilets should have solid psriitiom sep*rating th en from work rooms. They should be effectively separated and designated as to sea S B beHghted and ventilated adequate rooms should be provided. . |y. Toilet-room windows may be transit!cant M Emergency treatment of sy ^ ^ `Z l Where the workmen's yes ar **posed to jorious diemical materials, such tics, etc, suitable facilities for quick dnchmg or flushing of the eyes, such a s i o u n t m n - ^ wash bowl, should be provided within the work room for immediate emergency use- (d) DHnMng water^Thex sh o m Tided in all places of employment a supply m dean, cool, fa drinking w t e r , * the local authority having jurisdiction. The common drinking cup diould not os ased, When individual dnnkmg used only once) are supplied, a mteb!a eon /aeKfr.--Adequate facile tie* for maintaining personal cleanliness should be provided fa very place of employment and these should be maintained fa a sanitary con dition throughout ,, , , ^ . , The common towel should not be saed. 4. First-aid facilities*--Adequate facilities for the administration of first aid to injured employees should be provided and m aintem ^ in a dean and sanitary condition at all times. Facilities should include the m aten a^ an top " ties, bandages, to., necessary for " " " ey first aid, considering local eonditions, the num tainer should be provided for the used cups. Containers for. d r m k i^ v ^ e r fe w which the water must be dipped or poured should not be allowed. __ U) reflet facilities.--Every place ox em ployment should fee provided .with eloeets, diemical elosete, or pnvms < * * for each sex), in accordance with the followmg table in which the number of persons is fa maximum number of each sex msployM t any one time on the premises for which faculties are furnished: ^ f a T S f C ! ? of tii employer to t toat gome individual is available, dam imd shifts of plant operation who h b m trained fa, or is capable of adminiitenng Srat aid and handling the emergencies tost, may arise in connection w ife amdente and mjunes facilities and JfjiJ? d sued only for the intended ptmpo of t a * j ad should not in any way t a k j t i necessary experienced ears and temtinent by a Humber vt fwraesi 1 IS f ie to u -- 2S U 49 ___ SO to 74 ---- 76 to 100 __ Or*r 100 8# gmmstm _TM , 1 ____ t __ I ...... - 4 s Uer mA ftAdMoaal SS f*W Where closets are used, they shall be of a ^rp approved by locai health sotfeon- ^ T b ^ d d res* and phone number of physi- elsBg. hospitals, and ambulan service other facilities which might be needed fa eases of emergency should bo posted fa a cempicuom feestioB and maimer. ., , W hm females are eofa aombar should be provided and ao placed or sheened as to provide necessary pri vacy for those using bmm, *y. 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