Document 6RwEKNRBzxN2JLZ8Me6ZpxgxE

"RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AS AN OSHA REQUIREMENT" PRESENTED BY R. E. PEELE AT THE JOINT INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE/MEDICAL DIRECTORS MEETING APRIL 1976 X. DE 007722 RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AS AN OSHA REQUIREMENT f. OUR PRACTICE AND POLICY II. WHAT THE LAW SAYS Ilf. VIOLATIONS * IV. RECOMMENDED I. H. INVOLVEMENT i- r 'SI DE 007723 OUR PRACTICE AND POLICY A. TO PROTECT PERSONNEL 1. NORMAL COMPLEMENT 2. ROUTINE OPERATIONS 3. SOME EMERGENCY CONDITIONS 4. SUPPORT PEOPLE B. APPLICABLE TECHNIQUES BEING USED 1. AIR SUPPLIED A\ SELF CONTAINED B. SUPPLIED AIR 1. DEDICATED 2. PORTABLE COMPRESSORS C. WRITTEN PROCEDURES DE 007724 II. WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANDARD EXPLANATION JB. ' CHANGES IN TESTS UNDER 30 CFR TITLE II C. NIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATOR DECISION LOGIC DE 007725 2370 i. r In renjunction with to Internal backpressure checc valve or an Internal exceu-Oow valve. Oil) The applicator tan1 may be filled by venting to open air provided the bleeder valve orifice doet not exceed seven-sixteenths inch In diameter. (lv> Refutation equipment mar be connected directly to the tank coupllaa or fiance. In which case a flexible con nection shall be used between such regulatlnc equipment and the remainder of the liquid withdrawal system. Regulatlnc equipment not so Installed shall be flexibly connected to the container shut off valve. (v) No excess flow valve is required In the liquid withdrawal line provided the controlling orifice between the content* of the container and the outlet of th* shutoff valve does not exceed sevensixteenth* Inch in diameter. US r* lots*. May 11. 1171, as aasadtd at timuet.rsb.s. istsi 1910.112 [Reserved] 11910.113 [Reserved] 11910.114 Effective dates. <a> The provisions of this Subpart H Xian become effective on Ausust 27, 1971, except as provided in the remainInc paragraphs of this section. (b> The faUowtnc provisions shall bemine effective on February IS, 1972: l mo.toi(b). I 1*10.103. mo.103 (a)(2). (b)(1) (i). (b)O)(ini. (b) (2) (U). and (b)(2). I mo.ios. I iflo.ioe (b)(1), (b) (2), (b)(2), and (9) (>. I1910-104 (b)(2). (c)(1), (c)(2). (e)(2). (a)(4), (e)(2), (e)(2). (d)(2).~ (d)(2) (U), (d)(4)(1). (d)(4)(U1). (d)(4)(IV), (d)(S)(v). (d)(2)(vi)(a), (e)(2)(Ul). (s)(2)(v). (e)(4), (e)(7). (f)(2)(Ul). (f)(2)(l), (f)(4)(Ul), (0(4)(tv), )<4) (vtU). (f) (2). (f>. (b). and (I). 11914107 (b)(1). (b)(3), (b)(2). (b)(4). (b) () (I). (b) (2) (Ul). (b)(4) (IV), (b)(4). (b)(7). (b)(2). (b)(10). (e)(1). (e)(4), (41(2). (e)(4). (t) (7). (d). (e)(7), (e)(4). (f)(1). (0(2). (b>. (I). (1). (1)(2). (1U2). (<*). (!)(). (1)(7).end (se)(t). 11210.102 (b). (e). (e)(1). (f)<3). (c)(3). (C)(4). and (f)(2). . .11410.104 (C)(4) and (b). 1210 110 11310.111. (e> Notwithstanding anything In paragraph (a), (b). or (d) of thii tecnon. any provision in any other section of this subpart which contains in itself a specific effective data or Urn* limitation shall become effective oo such date or shall apply in accordance with such llaltatloo. (d) Notwithstanding anything la paragraph (a), or (b) of this section. U any standard In 41 CFR Part 30-204 other than a national consensus stand ard Incorporated by reference in 1502042(a)(1). la or become* applicable at la* tUBi Co tflf cmolomifiL tad of employment, by virtue of the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act, or the Servlee Contract Act of 1965. or the National Foundation on Arts and Humanities Act of IMS, any corresponding w,,`atiltbed Federal standard la this Subpart H >iS AND REGULATIONS which Is derived from 41 CFR Part 50204 shall also become effective, and shall be applicable to such employment and place of employment, on the same date. 1910.1(5 .SoHireeof standards. See* Source moaoi-..- 41 CFB (0-304.47. 74 sad 71. itto.ioa__ :____ _ 41 Cy* (0-304.(4 mo.ie--..._____ NTTA NO. SOB-1244 Standard lor Liqul- Bed Xydxegen Sys tems *s OcocuaMr ' Bites. mo.iot____ * MFFA No. 244-1244 Btesdar* for the laetalleUoa at Bulk Oxygen maze et Consumer gun. mo los-ioi......... NFFA No. 30-1942, Flammable end Com- Liqul4i Ood*. IflO.IOT................ NFFA No. 33-1909, gunderd for Spray FtnleaiagUsing Flunable end Combuni- Mt Materiel*. 1*10.1Ot------------ NFFA No. 24-1(44 OUMuS for Dip `Tank* aoatalalng flaauMUo or Com- 1*1040*.. buttlbla Liquids. NFFA He. 42.4-1472. OoSt for Usaufse- tar*. ivaasportattsa. Storage sad Use at bpMvts ts4 Blast- lag Agmte. 1S14.110.. xm ia-22, BUodarg for ths Handling of Uquifle* Pstreieua uiMit--______ amt m.i-ttM, Stor age aod H.--i:iza of Aamydton* Ammonia, 11910.114 Standards ergnUsatleas. National yin Frotectton Atsoelstlna (NTFA) SO BattaeymareJi 2treat. Boston. MA 02110. National neat Food Icitltutr. 1700 K streat NW,, Washington. PC 20004. Oomyr--s4 (ha nsnmtlsa. lac. M4 fifth Arena*. New Tack. NT ICOS*. Amatlcan Saetaty at Maeltsnlae) tngtaswe Zac. Oaltad Bagtaetnag Ccatsr, 142 Bast *7tb Street. New Toe*. NT 1001T. American Patreiatta Intitule, 1S01 X 2treat HW. Washington. PC 20004 National Boom of Boiler tad Frame* Toe. ast, xatpecton. UM North Bgh Scnaa, Cuiambus ox (hoi. marloa National Ataadmds taetttnte, 1412 Braadwav. Ntw Tort; NT 10414 Amtrfetn Baeiaty far Testing ui Uatsdafc (Asnt), iti Base tre*s reuseslynia. FA 14104 Pnderwrttsrs' Labotatortr*. Inc. IUI*), SOT ButOhio8tnet.Chlseg4.lL 40411. FsrtIUise tasucuts. lot* 14th Street NW, Washington. PC 20024 (Bee. 4 44 gtaa. 1IM (SB C4C. 4U 127 F* 23104 Oe*. 141214 as eauaded at 22 A SStt.ye4 41S73] Swbpnrt I--Pennnnl NhiHve EqsipnsM {1914132 Csneeel wqniewsaii (a) Appifeefio*. Frotaetlv* equipment. Including personal protective equipment for eyes, feet, heed, end extremities, pro tective clothing, respiratory detlew*. sad protective shields and barrlee*. shall bn provided, used, and maintained In a sani tary and reliable eondiUca wherever tt Is necetsary by reason of hazards of1' processes or environment, chemical hax- ardx. radiological ho-arrtt. or mechanical' r lrritaau encountered In a manner capa ble of causing Inlury or (mpainnent in - the function of any part of the body through absorption. Inhalation or phys ical contact. ' y* (b> Employer-owned equipment.' '*' Where employees provide their own pro- ' tective equipment, the employer shall be *' * responsible to assure Its adequacy, f.-''" eluding proper malntertance. and tanlt*-."C' c don of such equipment. ? ;-r (e) Dtilqn. All personal proi*etiv*'in!l equipment shall ba of safe design ahd'jfcS'l construction for thework to be per-r. " formed. ; 11910.133 Eye sad face pretcctieo. (a) General. (1) Protective eye end p' foes equipment shall be required there'' there la a reasonable probability of in jury thatcan be prevented by such equip- . ment In such cases, employer! hn make conveniently available a type of protector suitable for th* work to be performed, and employees shall use such protecton. No unprotected person shall knowingly be subjected to a hazardous environmental condition. Suitable eye protectors shall be provided where ma chine* or operations present the hazard of flying objects, glare, liquids, injurious radiation, or a combination of thee* hsaards. (3) Protectors shall meet the followins minimum requirement*: (I) They shall provide adequate pro tection against th* particular hazard* fa* <VbMi thev are designed. (II) They shall be reasonably comfortobi* when worn under the designated condi <U1> They shall fit snugly and shall not unduly insertsr* with th* movements of tht wtarcr. (iv> They shall be durable. (v) They shall bo capable of being disinfected. (vt) They shall be easily cleesabl*. (vtU Protectors should be kept dean and In good repair. (3) Penoaa whoa* vision require* th* ns* of corrective least* In spectacle*, and who ere required by this standard to wear #T* protection, shall wea^ goggle* or spec tacle* of oo* of th* fallowing type*: (1) Spectacles whose protective kcMi provide optical eocncttaa. fit) OonUm that can be worn over eorreetive spectacle* without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacle*. (Ul) OoggUe that Incorporate correc tive lenses mounted behind th* protective (4) Every prot*ctor shall b* dlsttnctly aurfced to facilitate identification only of the manufacturer. . (9) When limitstfnrts or precaution* are Indicated by th* manufacturer, they shell b* transmitted to th* uetr and care taken to see that such limitations and precaution* are strictly observed. (*) Design. conmucUon. testing, end use of device, for eye and face protection shall be in accordance with American National Standard far Occupational and rCOttAl KCKTU, VOS. 2*. NO. m--THUKOAY, JUHt 27, 1V7S DE 007726 4 IUIES AND REGULATIONS 23671 *docUonal Ey* snd Fact Protection. user's medlcil status should be reviewed National Standard Method of Marking rjl.l-lM*. periodically (for instance, annually). Portable Compressed Gto Containers to ] 10.134 Reipirawry preterits*. (Ill Approved or accepted respirators Identify the Material Contained. 2(1.1shall be used wben they art available. 1S4; Federal Specification BB~A-t03(. () Perm titbit practice. (1> la the The respirator furnished shall provide June 31. 195*. Air, Compressed for -antral of thou occupational diseases adequate respiratory protection against Breathing Purposes; or Interim Federal -ased bp breathing air eontamlnatad the particular hazard for which it Is Specification 00-B-007Sb. April IT. nh harmful dusts. ton. fumes. mists, designed In accordance with standard! IMS. Breathing Apparatus, Self-Con- eses, smokes. iprsys, or vapor*. tha prt- established by competent authorities The Uixitd. arr objective shall b to prevent atocophertc contamination. This shall ba UJS. Department of Interior. Bureau of Mines, and the U.3. Department of Agri (*> Vee of retptratore. (1) Standard procedures shall be developed for respi eeompUshed as far as feasible bp ao- culture are recognized as such authori rator us*. These should include all infor (pted engineering control measures (for ties. Although respirators listed by the mation and guidance nactuary for their sample, enclosure or confinement of tha ,.ptration, general and local ventilation, VS. Department at Agriculture continue to be acceptable for protection against proper selection, use. and care. Possible emergency and routine uses of respira tnd substitution at less toxic materials*. When effectlvt engineering controls are specified pesticide*, the VS. Department of the interior. Bureau of Mlnu, Is the tors should be anticipated end planned for. not feasible, or while they art being in agency now responsible for testing and (3> Use correct respirator than be stituted. appropriate respirator* shall be approving pesticide respirators. specified for each lob. The respirator used pursuant to the following require <c> Selection of respirators. Proper type Is usually specified in the work pro ments. <31 Respirators shall be provided by selection of respirator* shall be made ac cording to the guidance of American cedure* by a qualified Individual super vising the respiratory protective program. the employer when such equipment la necessary to protect the health of the employee. The emplorer shall provide the respirators which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. The employer shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a res piratory protective proiram which shall include the requirements outllnsd in paragraph (b) of this section. (3> The employee shell use the protided respiratory protection In accord ance with instructions and training received. (b) Acquirements /or a minimal ac ceptable program. (1) Written standard operating procedures governing tha se lection and use of respirator* shall be dtibUihL (3) Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed* (3> The user shall be Instructed and trained In the proper use of respirator* and their limitations. <4> Where practicable, the respirator* should be assigned to individual worker* for their exclusive us*. <S1 Respirators shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Those issued for the exclusive use of one worker should be cleaned after each day's use. or mot* often If necessary. Then* used by mot* than one worker shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each us*. (f) Respirators shall be stand in * convenient, dean, and sanitary location. m Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning. Worn eg deteriorated parts shall be replaced. Res pirators for emergency use such a* selfcontained device* shalt be thoroughly Inspected at least once a month and after emch use. (g> Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and degree of employee exposure or stress shall be maintained. National Standard Practices for Respira tory Protection ZUJ-litl. id) Air quality. (1) Compressed air. compressed oxygen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen used for respiration shall be of high purity. Oxygen shall meet the re quirements of the United State* Pharma copoeia for medical or breathing oxygen. Breathing air shall meet at least the re quirements of the specification forOrad* D breathing air as described in Com pressed Oas Association Commodity Specification 0-7.1-1944. Compressed oxygen shall not be used In zuppUed-alr respirator* or In open circuit selfcontained breathing apparatus that have previously used compressed air. Oxygen Aust never be used with air line respirator*. (3) Breathing air may be supplied to respirators from cylinder* or air eomprecaon. <i> Cylinder* shall be tested and main tained at prescribed la the Shipping Container Specification Regulations of the Deportment of Transportation (4* CFR Part 17t>. <U> The compressor tor supplying air shall be equipped with necessary safety and standby deflect. A breathing airtype compressor shall be used. Compres sor* shell be constructed end situated so as to avoid entzp of Miuirt.nu/ air Into the system end suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds asd filten installed to further assure breathing air quality. A receiver of sufficient capacity to enable the respirator wearer .to escape from a contaminated atmosphere - In event of compressor faUurt, and alarms to Indicate compressor failure and over heating stull b* installed 4a .thegram. S an oil-lubricated comprasanrlsused. It than have a high-temperature or car bon monoxide alarm, or botlvlf only a high-temperature alarm la used, the air from the compressor shall be frequently The individual Issuing them shall b* adequately instructed to Insure that the correct respirator Is issued. Each respira tor permanently assigned to an indi vidual should be durably marked to In dicate to whoa It was assigned. This mark shall net affect the nsplrator per formance in any way. The daw of issu ance should be recorded. (3> Written procedures shtll be pre pared covering safe us* of respirator* in dangerous atmosphere* that might be encountered Us normal operations or in emertendaa. Personnel shall be familiar with the** procedure* and the available respinton, (l> In areas what* tha wearer, with failure of the respirator, could be over come by e toxic or oxygen-deficient atmosphere, at least cos additional man shall bepresent Communications (visual, vole*, or signal line) shall be maintained between both or ail individuals present. Planning shall be such that one individ ual will be unaffected by any likely inci dent and have the proper raecu* equip fmielnl totfofibWedafbiMle tot assist the other(a) in (11) When self-contained breathing apparatus or hose masks with blower* are used In atmosphere* Immediately dangerous to life or health, standby men must be ament with suitable rtaeu* equipment (ill) Feresos using air Un* respirator* in atmoaphen* Immediately hazardous to life or health shall be equipped with safety barn***** and safety line* for lift ing or removing persons from hazardous atmosphere* or other and equivalent provisions for the rescue of persons from hazardous atmospheres shall be used. A standby man or men with suitable selfcontained breathing apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for finerHBcy rticnt- (4> Resptrmtocy protection la no bet (*) There shall be regular Inspection tested for carbon monoxide to latum ter than tha rospirator la use, even tnd evaluation to determine the con that It meets the specifications in sub- though It it worn conscientiously. Fre tinued effectiveness of the program. paragraph (1) of this paragraph. quent random Inspections shall be con (10> Persons should not be assigned (3) Air line couplings thaU be Incom ducted by a qualified Individual to as to tasks requiring use of respirators un patible with outlets for other gas sys sure that respirators are properly se leu it has been determined that they are tems to prevent inadvertent servicing of lected. used, cleaned, and maintained. Physically able to perform tlie work and air Uot respirators with nonresplrablo (S) For safe use of any respirator. It use the equipment. Tha local physician gases or oxygen. Is essential that the user be properly in shall determine what health and physical (4) Breathing gas container* shall bo structed in lb ttaction. us*, and main renditions are pertinent. The respirator marked In accordance with American tenance. Both supervisor* and worker* IWttAl MOUTH, VOL 31. NO. 134--THUtSSAr, JUN* 2T, 1*74 DE 007727 23672 RULES AND REGULATIONS shall be so instructed by competent per <U> Self-contained breathing appara instructions usually mounted Inside r-. sons. Training shall provide the men an tus shall be inspected monthly. Air and carrying case Ud. opportunity to handle the respirator, oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged i g) Identification of pas mail; can . have It flttedoroperly. test Its face-piece- according to the manufacturer's instruc ten. (I) The primary means of Idem-s . ; to-face seal, wear It In normal air for tions. It shall be determined that the ing a gas mask canister shall be by me. - a lone familiarity period, and. Anally, regulator and warning devices function of properly worded labels. The seconds- to wear It in a test atmosphere. proparty, mean* of Identifying a gac maskcanup. , (1) Every respirator wearer shall re (ill) Respirator inspection shell in shall be by a color cod*. ceive fitting Instructions Including dem clude a check of the tightness of con (31 All who issue or use gae masks fa1', onstrations and practice In how the rea- nections and the condition of the face ing within tht scope of this section shj'i plrator should be worn, how to adjust It, piece. headbands, valve*, connecting see that ail gas mask canisters purcha. and how to determine If It Ate properly. tube, and canisters. Rubber or elastomer or used by them are properly labeled *- < Respirators shall not be worn when con parte shall be inspected tor pliability colored m accordance with these requ>*! ditions prevent a good face seal. Such and signs of deterioration. Stretching ments before they ere placed in aerr. . conditions may be a growth of beard, and manipulating rubber or elastomer and that the label* and colors are pxn. sideburns, a skull cap that projects under parts with a massaging action will keep erly maintainad at an Arnes tbersaim . the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses. them pliable and Aexibie and prevent until the canisters have eompktr ? Also, the absence of one or both dentures them lrom taking a set during storage. served their purpose. can seriously affect the At of a facepiece. <lv> A reoord shall bo kept of Inspec (3> On each canister shall appear in The worker's diligence In observing these tion dates and findings for respirator* bold letter* the following: facton shall be evaluated by periodic cheek. To assure proper protection, the facepiece At shall be checked br the wearer each time he puts on the respira tor. This may be done by following the manufacturer's facepiece Atting instruc tions. maintained for emergency us*. (3) Routinely used respirators shall be collacted, cleaned, and disinfected a* frequently as necessary to Insure that proper protection la provided for the wearer. Each workar should bo briefed on the cleaning procedure and be assured <-- csswmv tar ............ ........................... (Naaaafaraiaiemkaataeaotaaiaaat) ae tm PI daa ICaafe Canister till In addtttea. auentisliy the to;. lowing wording than appear beneath tkr , i (ill Providing respiratory protection that ha will always receive a clean and appropriate phrase on the eanisitr i for Individuals wearing corrective glasses disinfected respirator. Such assurances label: "For mpfratory protection in at- , Is a serious problem. A proper teal cannot art of grtatartsignificance when respira Biospheres containing not men thir. he established if the temple ban of eye tors are not individually assigned to g'---- extend through the seeling edge workers. Respirator* maintained for ---------------p-e-rc-e--n-t -by--vo--lum_e_o_f.-.....t.. ............ { of the full facepiece, as a temporary emergency use shall be cleaned and dis (Name of atmospheric contaminant) measure, glasses with short temple ban infected after each use. (111) Aflof th*markings specified abov or without temple ban may be taped to the wearer** head. Wearing of contact lease* in contaminated atmospheres with a respirator shall not bc'allowtd. Syatems have been developed for mounting corrective lenses Inside full faceplsces. Whan a workman must wear corrective lenses as part of the factplect. ths facepiece and lensts shall be Atted by quailAed individual* to provide good vision, oomfort, and a gas-tightscaL (ill) If corrective spectacles or goggle* are required, they shall be worn so as not to affect the At of the facepiece. Proper selection of equipment will mini mis* or avoid this problem. (f) jrefatcaeacc end car* of rapIretors. (11 A program for maintenance and ear* of rasplraton shall be adjusted to the type of plant, working condition*, and hazards involved, and shall include the following basic services: (I) Inspection for defact* (including tlttketoek). <U> Cleaning and disinfecting. liUl Repair. Ur) fftorag* Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain Its original effectiveness. <3) U) Alt respirator* shall be in spected routinely before and after each us*. A respirator that 1* not routinely (4) Replacement or repairs shall be. done only br experienced person* with should bo placed on the moat eonspicuou surface or surfaces of th* canister. / parte dealgned tor tha respirator. Ho attempt shall be made to replace com <*> Canister* having a special hlgcefficiency Alter for protection again.: a i ponent* or to main adjustment or re radionuclides and othar highly toxic per- pairs beyond the manufacturer's recom tleulatea shall bo labeled with a state- * mendation*. Reducing or admits!rn valve* or regulators shall be returned to the manufacturer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair. ment of th* type end degree of promtloo afforded by th* Alter. Tbs tab. shall be affixed to the neck end of. or *.-- th* gray atrip* which is around and nc..: i i j <) (U After Inspection, cleaning, and necessary repair, mplrators shall be tiered to protect against dust, sun light. heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals. Retpiraten placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should bo qulekly accessible at all times, and should be stored la comportment* built for the purpose. The compartment* should bo clearly marked. Routinely deed respirators, such as dust ntptra- tote, may be placed in plastic bags. Res pirators should not bo stored la such places as lockers or tool box** tznlaa they ere tn carrying case* or rmiwe th* top of, tbe-canlster. The degree >. protection shall be marked as the per cent of penetration of th* canister t a ff-odcron-dtameter dloctyl pbthiia; (OOF) amok* at a flew rat* of M Ule: Pffnlflttle (5) Etch canister shall have a lab ' wanting that gas mask* should be n.-- ooty t& itwipbvii coQtAi&inff su* dent oxygen to support Ufa (at leart. percent by volume), sum* gae an-canisters art only designed to neutra.- or renter* oonteminente from the <g> Each gas mask canister shall-1' painted o dUAneAv* color or eombir-- tun of colon indicated In Table Ul. acolor* UMd shall be such that they - . } j I 1 . (A) Ramlraten should be packed or clearly idmtlffshl* by th* user --- stored to that the facepiece and exhala ctaarly dlsUngulshihle from on* snoilv' ( tion valve will rest in a normal position Th* color coating used shall offer a h.. - and function will not bo Impaired by degree of resistance to chipping, sc--'' the elastomer setting la an abnormal peeling, blistering- fading, and ths e&e position. of th* ordinary atmospheres to *tu--s * used but is kept ready for emergency lltt) Instructions for proper storage they may be exposed under normal cr'- - us* shall be inspected after each us* of emergency respirators, such as gas dittoes of storag* and um. Appro-: - * and at least monthly to assure that It la masks end self-contained breathing ately colored pressure scnxltivs t~* in satisfactory working condition. apparatus, are found In "use and care** may be need for th* stripes. DE 007728 ULES AND REGULATIONS 23673 f*tJU* i l-l Ooitn ittgmtf Subpart i--General Environmental Cantrali lM.UI Saaluilea. UK *"*,---------------------------------------- gjorseymnie km iu...--------------- ---- (llolttl (M----------------------------------------- nuM report------------------- -- uasw pi.------------------------------------.-- pm aad ammonia pi---------- rub** monotic*----------------------------------\cld |UH and ergsai* npon--------...------. ydrosyanle Kid cm cad ehloropierla fopar. add pre oegatu* impact. tod innate Mdlooettre materials. esetpttng triUoa aad obi* pm rirueulatre (diuu. rumM. muu. f0f. r renbre) la cemMaatioa vita ur at Xha ibore (mm oc repore. CB at tb* shore *tm**ph*ria oontsrelrmnte_ White, wait* wife K-taca gre*a (trip* oomptettiy wound th*e*ai*t*r aw tat bottom. watte vita tt-lac* ratev strip* ontepIHriy wound Uu rerumr amr tao tMMt lack. Onto. aim vita K'tnoa waita (trip* oomplototy around taa oanlatar aaar taa bottom. Bio*. TaUov. Tatlsv vtta H-lneb atut atitpa awpiiUf wound taa oanlatar soar taa kotaaaa aron. Puipt* (Hsgtnta), Caaiatar color (or aonumlaant. m dretenatad abort, vita H-meh (Tar atnpa aoreplataly around tba oanlatar soar taa top. Bad vtta Vt-iaeh fray atnpa aoaaylataly around tha aaalatar aaar taa tap. (a) General--(l) Scop*.--'This aae- Hon applla to permanent ptaca ot employment. <2> DejUiUon* applicable to this tecNon.--(t> "Lavatory" means a basin or similar vessel used exclusively for voshint of the bands, arms, faces, and head. (U> "Noowater carries* toilet facu lty.'* means a toilet facility not connected taa sever. (Ill) "Number of employees" means, unless otherwise specified, the maximum number of employtaa present at any one Um* on a secular shift. (tr> "Peraooal sendee room." means * room used for activities not directly con nected with tha production or same* function performed by the establishment. Such activities Include, but are not lim ited to, first-aid. marllcal aarvlcaa. dress ing. showering; toilet use. wishing. and sating. (v> "Potable water" means water which maete the quality standards pre- Mom: onnca a&aU ka mod M a romptet* body, or atnpa eotor to ispumar (mm not seribad In the VM. Public Health Sarrtca woludad la taia tabte. Ida uaar vut aaad to ndar M tba canlvar lab* to datarwlao tba Drinking Water Standards, published in aacrea of peatmoss tba caaiatar vt& afford. 43 cn part 73. or water which is ap proved for drinking purpose* by tha State 11*10.133 Occupational bead praUc- shall beoooa effectlre on such date or or local authority having jurisdiction. tiaaL Helmets tor tba protection of bead* of occupational vorktra from Impact and paattratton tram (alllnc and flying obIacta and from 11mltad alaetrle abode and bore ahaU meet tha requirements and medflcatloas catabllabed In American National Standard Safaty Requirement* lor Induatrial Head Protection. Ztt.liMt. 11910.136 Occupational foot prolac Sofaty-toa lootvear (or employees ban moot tba requirements and apod* Scatlona la American National Stand ard (or Men's Sa(ety-Toa Pootvaar. Z4U-1M7. hall apply In accordance with such UflBitftttOOp I&4 <3) It any standard In 41 CFR Part 30-204, other than a national oonaesana standard incorporated by raferenet la |S0-204^(al(l). la or bacoma* ap plicable at any Um* to any employment and place ot employment, by virtu* of the Walih-Haatey Public Contract* Aut, or thaSarvio* Contract Actof IMS.ortha National Notmdauon on Arte and KnmanlUa* Act of IMS. any corresponding eatabbshed Federal standard In tws Sub part X which la derived tram 41 cm Part 30-204 ahaU also beeom* tffretire, and aball b* applicable to such employment and plaet ot employment, on tha tarn* date. (vl> "Toilet faculty.* means a fixture malntntnad within a toUat room for tha purpoas of dcrtbaUon or urination, or bo(tvhu.> "Toilet room." means a room maintained within or on tha premiss* of any place of employment, containing toilet faculties for use by employe**. (rill) "Toxic material" means a mate rial la concentration or amount which exceeds the applicable limit established by a standard, such as || 1(10J3 aad l(i0.(3a or. la the ebeenc* of aa applic able standard, which la of each toxicity so as to constitute a recognised hasard that la causing or Is likely to cause death or serious physical harm. (IU -urinal" means a toilet facility S 1910.137 Electrical protactira darfcaa. 6 1910.139 gaorca* of standards. maintained within a toilet room for the sole purpose of urination. Rubber protectire equipment tor ciaotxlcal workete ehall conform to tin re lllS.iSl___ Ui0O3S(a) . quirements established la tba American National Standard! Isatltuta Standard* isioaat _ 41 CRB (0-1017. ANSI zm-ltM. Bya aad (g) "Water closet" means a toilet fa culty maintained wttbln a toilet room far Pm* Ptowctloa. the purpose of both defecation end uri sm au-iMS, staadwd nation and which Is flushed with water. aa specified la tba (ollowlac Uit: Itam nubbar Inaulatlnc gloves, nubbar myope tat um aaoundataetiu apparetua je.e-iMT. js.i-m# (BUS). lamiM Tabte M. taiejag Prerure tar Basplrmtasy (xl> "Wet process" means any process (retaettao. axn KUd-utr. radaoM- Ocstlaa at am Kwk or operation In a workroom which nor mally results la surfseas open which em ploye** may walk orstand becoming wet. Asm zse.i-isee, iititr (3) tfoxJtJcecyiap.--U> AS Places of BaqammeatsfarXBdua. employment ahaU be kept clean to the nubbar msuUUag blaaktta. Bobbw Insulating hoods. Bubbor inrulatiac baa horn. Bubbor Inaulatlnc alrerea. ja.*-um1*>MM (Biaaa). jai-iere (Bitaai. (U-tM. S 1910.13* ElTactire dam*. (a) lb* provisions of this Subpart I shall become elective on Aucust 27,1(71, UU4M lSIOJIT ANSI Z4I.1-1SST. lint (KMcTH Pootvrw. aku zss-iset. vn.ui*ef Abrwlv* (lattlag Op- 11910.140 SuiuUnbarmauatiua-. Specific standards of the foliowiny or ganisation hare been referencad in this part. Copla of tha referenced materials extent that the nature of the wort allow*. (U) Tha floor of every workroom shall be maintained, ao far as practicable. In a dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage ahaU be maintained and false floor*, platforms, mate, or other dry standing places shuU be provided, where practicable, or appropriate waterproof footgear (haU be provided. (Ill) To facilitate cleaning, every floor, except that: may be obtained from tha or- working place, and passageway shall be U) Any provision in any other aectioo ganbatloa. kept free from protruding nail*. splin ot this tubpart which contains in Itself a --rlnan Natteaol (taacurds r--IUS ters. loose boards, and unnccaetary holes pacific elective data or time limitation Broadway. MtwTock, XT 1001B and opening*. rtMUt ttOJSTU. VOL J*. NO. I1J--THUWOAV. SUM 17, 1*74 VE 007729 \ M * 11. WHAT THE LAM SAYS ANO/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANDARD EXPLANATION 1. SUBPART I - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PARAGRAPH 1910.132 PARAGRAPH 1910.133 * PARAGRAPH 1910.134 PARAGRAPH 1910.135 PARAGRAPH 1910.136 PARAGRAPH 1910.137 PARAGRAPH 1910.138 PARAGRAPH 1910.139 PARAGRAPH 1910.140 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS EYE 6 FACE PROTECTION RESPIRATORY PROTECTION OCCUPATIONAL HEAD PROTECTION OCCUPATIONAL FOOT PROTECTION ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES EFFECTIVE DATES SOURCES OF STANDARDS STANDARDS ORGANIZATION DE 007731 t SB**? H. WHAT THE LAW SAYS ANO/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANDARD EXPLANATION 1. SUBPART I PARAGRAPH 1910.134 "RESPIRATORY PROTECTION" (*> PERMISSIBLE PRACTICE (b) REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINIMAL ACCEPTABLE PROGRAM * (C) SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS * (<*) AIR QUALITY (e) USE OF RESPIRATORS * (f) MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF RESPIRATORS (9) IDENTIFICATION OF GAS MASK CANISTERS % t- DE 007732 /< 11. WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANOARO EXPLANATION 1. SUBPART I PARAGRAPH 1910.134 "RESPIRATORY PROTECTION" (b) "REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINIMAL ACCEPTABLE PROGRAM" (1) PROCEDURES * (2) SELECTION * (3) INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING * (4) ASSIGNMENT (5) CLEANING (6) STORAGE (7) EQUIPMENT INSPECTION * (8) MONITORING (9) PROGRAM INSPECTION AND EVALUATION (10) PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENT (ID APPROVED EQUIPMENT DE 007733 WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANDARD EXPLANATION *1 . SUBPART I PARAGRAPH 1910.134 "RESPIRATORY PROTECTION" (c) "SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS" (i) ANSI Z 88.2 1969 (n ) BOM INFORMATION CIRCULAR 7792 DE 007734 fional Standard practices for respiratory protection Z IU IM 9 Compliments of Mine Safety Appliances Co. DE 007735 ANSI Z8&2-1969 American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection Sponsor U. S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mine* Approved August 11, 1969 American National Standards Institute, Inc DE 007736 American National Standard An American National Standard impliaa a consenoua of thoee sub stantially concerned with ita (cope and proviaiona. An American National Standard ia intended aa a guide to aid the manufacturer, the conauaar, and the general public. The distance of an American National Standard does not in any reapect preclude anyone, whether he haa approved the etandaid or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchaaing, or uaing products. procaaeea, or prooaduroa not conforming to tht standard. Amarican National Standarda are eubject to periodic review and eaara an cautioned to obtain the lateat editions. CAUTION NOTICE: Thia American National Standard may be reviaad or withdrawn at any time. Tha procaduna of the American National Standarda Institute require that action be taken to raafflna, ravine, or withdraw thia standard no later than five yaaro from tha data of publication. Purobaaen of Amarican National Standards may receive currant information on all standards by catling or writing tha Amarican National Standarda Institute. Pubiithtd 6y American National Standard* Institute, lac 1430 Broadway, New York. Now York 10018 Copyright IMS by the Amarican National Standarda Iaetkatn. lac JVe urtiM *f Ikii may It (weT or nprmiuttl ta aay farm ailtMl lit amiin rtmaiiM o/ tha American AhiM Siaadatd* /tutltlt. Mill la VMA SIIMIOS*. 4 DE 007737 >1 t Foreword (Thu Foreword is not pact of American National Standard Practicaa for Respiratory Protaction, ZM.2-19M.1 This is revision of the respiratory protection.portion of American National Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Protection, Z2.1-19S9. The United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, which acted as coeponsor of Z2.I-1959, accepted sponsorship of the proj ect on respiratory protection when it was deemed advisable to separate the portions of that Z2.1 standard. A Z88 Standards Committee was organized and mat on September 24, 1963, to review the section of Z2.M959 dealing with respiratory protection. The Committee decided to revise and rswrita that (action. The fifth draft of the proposed standard was submitted to letter ballot and accepted by the ZDS Committee on May 2, 1969. It waa approved as an American National Stan dard on August 11. Sine* questions may arise from time to time concerning interpretation of this standard, an Intarpcetation and Review Committee has Iteen established, to provide for the uniform handling of doubtful cases. Anyone using this Stamford and desiring an interpretation may communicate with the Standards Institute. The Committee will also review new developments in respiratory protection and determine the need for revision or supplementation of this standard. Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American National Stamfords Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018. The Z&8 Standards Committee had the following personnel at the time it approved this standard. Robert H. Schutx, Chairman Francis X. Worden, Secretary Organization fltpnmllt American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyiinkfa American Fou^dtymen's Society........................................ American Gas Association............................ .......... American Indt atrial Hygiene Association ........................... American Ipse mnea AaeocUtion ........................................ American Mut ml Insurance Alliance.................... .. .. American Petroleum Institute American Sod ity of Mechanical Enainecn American Soci ity of Safety Engineers........ American Welding Society...................................................... Association of American Railroads......................................... Electronic Industries Aaeodatien............................................ General Bernices Administration .......... Industrial Medical Amncialion............... Industrial Safety Equipment Association International Aaaociaiion of Pits Chiefa International Association of Governmental Labor Otiriale National Safety Council...................................................... Tdrplione Group ... . U. S Atomic Energy Commieeton Name af Representative E. C. Hyatt Wmiaro a Huataea T. U Power* R W. Bactae (AU) RC. Hyatt W. R Revafe (AU) Robert R Canray Victor Bebn (AM) ..J. A. HsngMen Praderidk R Deeg (AH) W. a Garseii J. P. MrKeeee (AU) Richard R Burr Herald MlsUe (AM) ..A. D. Brandt .D. P. Raaaeg P. X. Wasrian ..Ernest M. Disan ..Bugeate W. Merry BwiMria fl^i Hasiey RTHae Chariae N. Bumwatt fAlt> Heerard M. Wriae (AM) ..Raymond i. Brody Donald M. O'Brien (AM) ..Martin metkia H. H. Fawoett Julian a Ofcefedeki (AU) ..F. X. Worden Cari G Weity. Jr Humphery Gilbert (Alt) DE 007738 OrfOnuatton RtprtunUd U. S. Coaa* Guard...................... U. 9 Department ol Agriculture ... U. 9. Department o( tee Aibjr...... U. S. Department of Dm Interior ... U. S. Department of litknr............ U. a Department of tha Navy........... U. 8. PufcUc Health Aarnoa (Umtm) Individual Ntata of Reprrarnrotu* .... Norman W. Laatley ........ RoUand M. Wateta ....... Robert A. Daguid Harry H. Ackerman (Alt) ....... Rohart H. Umta E. J. Klaaa (Alt) ........G. Walker Daiteoarpock Joke 0*NeiU (Alt) ....... Sarauri H. Barhoo, Jr N. B. Rceeawiakai fAH! ....... Howard K. Ayar Chariot H. FaaaaD (Alt) ....... WlUiaaa B. Cterk Tba aubcommittaa which prepend the Anal draft on thia atandard had the following paraorinal. H. H. Achonata Raymond J. Brady R H. Burr Carl G. Walty, Jr, Chairman H. H. Fawcett wa. aC. Hr yatt DE 007739 i I j I 1 I j , ^ Contents SECTION PAGE 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Definition*........................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Recommended Requirement* for Code*........................................................................................... 9 4. Classification of Respiratory Hazards............................................................................................... 11 5. Clarification, Description, and Limitation* of Reepiratore........................................................... 11 6* Selection of Respirator* .................................................................................................................... 13 6.1 Approved or Accepted Respirator*..... .................................................................................... 13 6.2 General Considerations........................................................................................................... 13 6.3 Naturo of the Hazard................................................................................................................ 13 6.4 Extant and Location of Hazard..................................................................................................22 . 6.5 Work Requirements and Conditions...................................................................................... 22 6.6 Employe* Acceptance and Face Fit..........................................................................................23 7. Use of Respirator*................................................................................................................................ 23 7.1 Operatint Procedures................................................................................................................ 23 7.2 Iwuance of Respirator*....................................................................................... 33 7.3 Uee in Dangerous Atmospheres.............................................................................................. 23 7.4 Training and Education in Proper Use................................................................................ 24 7.5 Facepiece Fit Tests and Procedure*........................................................................................ 24 8. Maintenance and Car* of Respirator*.............................................................................................. 25 8.1 General .............................................................................................. .....................................25 8.2 Inspection ............... 25 8.3 Cleaning and Disinfection........................................................................................................ 26 8.4 Repair .................................................. 26 8.5 Storage ....................................................................................................................................... 26 9. Special Problems.................................................................................................................................26 9.1 Corrective Lena with Full Facepiace........................................................................ 26 9.2 Eyewear with Half-Mask Fscepicce.............................................................. 26 94 Respirstor Use in Low Temper*tura*.................................................................................... 26 9.4 Respirator Us* in High Temperatures.................................................................................... 27 9.5 Communications...................................................................................................................... 27 9.6 Nonconventionai Respirators.................................................................................................. 27 10. Evaluation of Respirator Program Effectiveness........................................................... .................27 10.1 General ........................................................................................ :.............................. ............27 10.2 Wearer Acceptance................................................................................................. 26 104 Examination of Reepiratore in Use........................................................................................ 28 10.4 Evaluation of Protection Afforded.......................................................................................... 26 11. Reference* to Other Codes, Standards, and Manual*.................................................................... 26 Appendix Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings......................................................................30 Table* Table 1 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Biological Effsct................. 10 Table 2 Classification of Respiratory Hazards According to Their Properties which toluenes Respirator Selection................................................................................................. -...........12 Teble 3 Classification and Description of Respirators by Mods of Operatioa........................ 14-15 Table 4 Capabilities and Limitation* of Respirators................... ............................................ 16-17 Table 5 Color Code for Gas Mask Canisters...................................................................................... 18 Table 6 Guide for Selection of Respirators.................................................................................... 18 DE 007740 American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection 1. Introduction Thi* standard Mti forth accepted practices tor respirator users. It providea information and guidance on the proper aetection, use, and care of raapiraton and aeta forth recommended re quirements auitabla for adoption into regula tion* governing their uae. !.l Scope. The acope of thia standard includes safe practices and requirement* for uaing res pirators for protection of the respiratory system from inhalation of particulate matter, noxious gaaaa and vapors, and oxygen deficiency. Ex cluded are 1) underwater protection, 2) high* altitude aircraft oxygen systems, and 3) pro tection against military munitions. Although the standard does not cover engineered protective measures (for example, ventilation), exposure control shall be accomplished a* far as is fea sible by accepted engineering methods before considering or instituting use of respirators. 12 Purpose. The standard is intended to pro vide guidance that will assist respirator uaen in safeguarding health and life through proper selection and uae of respirators. Use of respira tors implies that the wearer needs protection from an atmosphere that might threaten his life or health. Therefor*, it is imperative that th* level of protection nseded be determined and provided in both normal and emergency condi tions of uae, particularly if sxpoaura to the at mosphere could be immediately dangerous to life or health. Uae of respirators in atmospheres that an dangerous to Ufa or health is discuerad in &3. 14 "Shall" and "Shaatd". The provisions of this standard am mandatory in nature wham the word "shallH is used end advisory in nature when th* word "should" is used. 1.4 Exceptions. Exception* to th* requirement* in Section 3, Recommended Requirement* for Codes, may be granted by competent authority, provided that an equally acceptable mode and degree of protection is afforded. 2. Definitions abrasive-blastlag respireter. See retpintor. aerodynamic diameter. The diameter of a unit density sphere having the same settling velocity as the particle in question of whatever shape and density. air-liae respirator. See retpintor. air-purifying respirator. See retpintor. air-regulatiag valve. An adjustable valve used to regulato airflow to the facepiece, helmet, or hood of an air-line respirator, air-supply device. A hand- oe motor-operatad blower for the hose mask, or a compressor or other source of respirable air for air-line and abrasive-blasting respirators. ' approved. Tested ang listed as satisfactory by an authority having jurisdiction, ouch as U&. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minas, or U.S. Department of Agriculture, breathing tube. A tube through which air or oxygen flows to the facepiece, hairnet, or head, canister (air-purifying). A container filled with sorbents end catalysts that remove gaaaa and vapors horn air drawn through the unit Th* canister may also contain an aaroaot (particu late) filter to rtmova solid or liquid particles, canister (exygea-geaeraUag). A container filled with a chemical which generates oxypen by chemical reaction.. cartridge. A small container filled with air-puri fying madia. catalyst In respirator uae, a substance which converts a toxic gas (or vapor) into a lam tmrir gaa (or vapor). chemical-cartridge respirator. Saa retpintor. contaminant A harmful, irritating, or nuiaanct material that ie foreign to the normal atmo sphere. eerrecthre lens. A lens ground to the wearer's individual corrective prescription, detachable coupling. A device by means of which the respirator wearer, without using hand- DE 007741 'ixm.i AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES tools, may detach the air-supply line from that part of the respirator worn on the person or from the air-supply source, disinfection. The destruction and removal of pathogenic organisms, especially by means of chemical substances, dust. See Table 2. exhalation valve. A device that allows axhaled air to leave a respirator and prevents outside air from entering through the valve. eyepiece. A gastight, transparent window(s> in a full facepiece through which the wearer may see. facepiece. That portion of a respirator that covers the wearer's noss and mouth in a halfmask facapieca or nose, mouth, and ayes in a full facepiece. It is designed to meke a gas-tight or dust-tight fit with the face and includes the headbands, exhalation valve(s), and connec tions for air-purifying device or respirable-gas source or both. Alter respirator. See respirator. Alter. A fibrous media (canned or uncanned) used in respirators to rsroove solid or liquid psrtklas from the eintream entering the res pirator enclosure, fog. See Table 2. full facepiece. See factpUce. furns. See Table 2. gas. An aeriform fluid which is in the gaseous state et ordinary temperature and pressure, gss resale. See rttpirator. half-mask facepiece. See lacepitce. head harness, a device for holding the face piece securely in place on the wearer's head, hairnet. A device that shields the ayaa, fact, neck, and other parts of the head, hood. A device that completely coven the head, neck, and portions of the shoulders, hose reask. See mpintar. immediately daageroue to life or health. In cluded an conditions that pose an immediate threat to life or health and conditions that past an immediate threat of severe exposure to con taminants such as radioactive materials which are likely to have advene delayed effects on health. inhalation valve. A device that allows respirable air to enter the facepiece and prevents exhaled air from leaving the facapieca through the intake opening. irrcepimble. Unfit for breathing, reiat. See Table 2. MPC. Maximum permissible concentration. These concentrations are sat by the National Committee on Radiation Protection. They an recommended maximum average concentrations of radionuclides to which a worker may bo ex posed, assuming that ha works 8 hours a day, A day* a weak, and 50 weeks a year, partieulata aiatier. A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in sir, such as dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, or sprays. Particulate aretier sus pended in air is commonly known aa an asrosoL pnsureecanlosla producing dust Dust, which whan inhaled, deposited, and retained in tire lungs, may produce signs, symptoms and find ings of pulmonary diasaas. resistance. Opposition to the fiow of air, aa through a canister, cartridge, partieulata filter, or orifice. respirable. Pit to be breathed, respirator. A device designed to protect the wearer from inhalation of harmful atmospheres. See Section S, Classification, Description, and Limitations of Respiretors, self-contained breathing apparatus. See res pirator. sorbent. A material which removna toxic gaaas and vapors from air inhaled through a canistar or cartridge, spray. Sat Table 2. supplied-air respiretar. See respirator, supplied-air suit. A one- or two-psec* suit that is impermeable to moat partieulata and gsaaons contaminants and is provided with aa adequate supply of respirable air. TLV. Threshold limit value. A table of thaw values and accompanying precautions is pub lished annually by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygkniata. toxic duet. Dust that may be harmful to the respiratory system or to other parts of the body through passing horn the respiratory tract into the blood stream. valve (air or oxygon). A devios which controls the direction of air or oxygen flow or the rata and pressure at which air or oxygen is delivered, or both. 8 DE 007742 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION vapor. The gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. window indicator. A colorimetric indicator for gas mask canisters which denotes the service life for a particular gas. 3. Recommended Requirements for Codes ti Purpose. This section includes recom mended requirements for authorities consider ing establishment of respirator regulations or codas. The following recommended requirements an supplemented by recommended practices in subsequent sections of this standard. 12 Permissible Practice. In the control of those occupational diseases caused by breath ing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumaa, mists, gaaea, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the primary abjective thaU he to prevent atmoiphtrie contamination. TTiia shall be accom plished as far as feasible by accepted engineer ing control measures (for example, enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local ventilation, and substitution of leas toxic mate rials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, appropriate respirator* shall be used pursuant to the following requirements. IS Employer Responsibility 111 Respirators shall be provided by the employer when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of the employee. Ill The employer shall provide the respira tors which are applicable and suitable far the purpose intended. 113 The Knptoyar shall be responsible for die establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protective program which shall includa the gen eral requirements outlined In 3.1 14 Employee Responsibility 14.1 The employee shall use the provided res piratory protection in accordance with instruc tions and training received. 14.2 The employee shall guard against dam age to the respirator. 14.3 The employee shall report any malfunc tion of the respirator to the responsible person. ZM.2 15 Minimal Acceptable Program 15.1 Written standard operating procedures go<eming the selection and use of respirators shall be established. 112 Respirators shall be selected on tbs basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. Sea Section 4, Classification of Respiratory Hazards. 113 The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and their limita tions. See 7.4 and 7.5. 154 Where practicable, the respirators should be assigned to individual worker* far their ex clusive use. 15J> Respirators shell be regularly cleaned end disinfected. Those issued for the exclusive use of one worker should be cleaned after each day's use. or more often if necessary. Those used by more than one worker shah be thor oughly deenod and disinfected after each uae. See 8.3. 154 Respirators shall be stared ia a con venient, clean, and sanitary location. 8ee 14. 117 Respirators used routinely aheh be in spected during cleaning. Worn or deteriorated parte shall be replaced. Respirators for emer gency use such as eeif-coutained devices shall be thoroughly impacted at least ooce a mouth and after each uae. See 84. Ill Appropriate surveillance of work ana conditions and dogma of employs* aspanua or stress shall be maintained. 8ae <14 and 10.4. 3K There shall be regular impaction end evaluation to determine the continued effec tiveness of the program. Sae Section <. Mainte nance and Caro of Respirators, and 8action 10, Evaluation of Respitetor Program gffectlmnam K Program Admiaietratian. The plant or company industrial hygiene, health physics, safety engineering, or fin department AaB ad minister the program in done liaison with the plant medical department. Heeponrihflity for the program shall bo vested is ooe individual. In small plants haring no formal industrial hy giene, health physics, safety, fin, or medical department, the respirator program shall be administered by an upper-level superintendent, foreman, or other qualified individual respon sible to the principal manager. Tim administra tor shall have sufficient knowledge of the subject to properly supervise the program. 9 DE 007743 Table 1 Claasldcatio* of Respiratory Haxardc According to Tbeir Biological Effect AMERICAN NATIONAL VTANDARU MUCTICK8 DE 007744 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ZM.3 3.7 Medical Limitations. Persons should not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment The local physician shall deter' mine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medical status should be reviewed periodically (for instance, annually). &8 Approval. Approved or accepted respirators shall be used whim they are available (see Sec* tion 6, Selection of Respirators). The respirator furnished shall provide adequate respiratory protection against the particular hazard for which it is designed in accordance with stan dards sstablished by competent authorities. The U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minaa, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture are recognized aa such authorities. (See Ap pendix, Rcepirator Approval and Acceptance Listings.) Although respirators listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture continue to be ac ceptable for protection against specified pesti cides, the U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minaa, is the agency now responsible for testing and approving pesticide respirators. 4. Classification of Respiratory Hazards 4.1 Introduction. The purpose of this section is to list and briefly describe various categories of respiratory hazards that might be encountered and which may require use of respirators. The information provides a general background for relating the guidance in subsequent sections to the type of hazard encountered. Management, however, will find it necessary to consult refer ences on industrial hygiene end toxicology end perhaps expert individuals to develop the nec essary comprehensive information on specific airborne contaminants. Respiratory hazards for the purpose of this standard, are classified aa follows: (1) oxygen deficiency (2) gas sad vapor contaminants (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health (3) particulate contaminants (dust, fog, fume, mist, smoke, end spray) (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangerous to life or health (4) combination of gas, vapor, and particu late contaminants (a) immediately dangerous to life or health (b) not immediately dangtroua to life or health Respirators may afford some protection against high temperature atmospheres. See 9.4. Further information on the hazards of and use of respirators in high temperatures is presented in a National Fire Protection Association pub lication, Breathing Apparatus for The Fire Service, published in I960. 43 Classification and Description of Respira tory Hazards. The basic respiratory hazards listed in 4.1 are classified in Table 1 according to expected biological effects of Hie contami nants. Many respirators, particularly air-puri fying respirators, ere designed and eelacted on the beats of chemical and physical propartiaa of the air contaminants. Therefore, gee, vapor, and particulate contaminants ere also presented in Table 2 according to their physical and chemical propartiaa. Particle size distribution and solubility ere important parameters far particulate contami nants. Particles smeller than 5 microns la aero dynamic diameter morn readily reach the lungs and ere more readily dissolved rued afaaoebed into the bloodstream or deposited on htng tissue. The solubility of the material uauaQy deter mines whether the resulting toxic effect, if any, is in the lunge or other organs. Particles larger than 5 microns aerodynamic diameter am gen erally trapped in the upper respiratory tract, cleared, and swallowed with pnmflde subsequent absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, de pending on their solubility. 5. Classification, Description, and Limitations of Raoptratora 5.1 latrodsctlaa. The purpose of this section is to provide a description of the various types of respirators, their limitations, aad fipahflitiae as a background for eubasqiMnt sections which diecuaa their selection, use, nuintMimn Respirators fall into the following gensral classifications, according to mods of operation: (1) atmosphere-supplying respirators (a) self-contained (b) ho-- mail; (c) air-line (d) combination self-contained and bowmaak or air-line 11 DE 007745 WH2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES (2) air-purifying reapiraton (a) gaa and vapor (gaa mask and chemical cartridge) (b) particulate (duat, fog. fume, raiet, moke, and apraya) (c) combination gaa, vapor, and particu late (3) combination atmoaphare-xupplying and air-purifying reapiraton 5-2 ClaaaiflcatieN, DeacripUoa and UaiUtiona of Respirator*. Thia information ia pre sented in two table*. Table 3 coven the daaatfication and daacription of reapiraton according to the general claaaificationa in 5.1. Table 4 covan capabilitiaa and limitation* of reapiraton arranged to corraapond to the aubjact handing* in Table 3. Mom detailed information on apecific type* of reapiraton can be obtained from raapiratoc manufacturen and fr 'ra the Rttpiratory ProttcftW Dtvictt Manual publiahed by the American Induatrial Hygiene Acaociation and the Ameri can Conference of Governmental Induatrial Hygianiata in 1963. The caniater color code table from American National Standard Identification of Gaa Mask Canieten, K13.1-1967, ia provided in Table 5. The code indicate* the colon aaaigned to eanieten to identify the type* of atmoepharic con taminant* again*t which they wQI protect U Respirable Air and Oxygen far Self-Con tained Breathing Appnmtnn and Hese-Typa Reapiraton. Compresead air, oompneeed oxy gen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen need lor no- Tablet Claaaificatton of Reaplratory Hazard* According to Their Proportion which Influence Respirator Selection Cm and Veper CmUwmVi PartbnlaM CastaslamS Inarti They do not react with other substance* under meet condition* and create a respiratory hasard by displacing air and producing-oxygen deficiency (for narapie. beliura, neon, argon). Acidlci Substances that art acid* or that react with water to produce an acid. In water they produce posi tively charged hydrogen ions. They Lute tout and many ara corrosive to tiaauta (for ttample, hydrogen chloride, (ulfur dioxide, fluorine, nitrogen dioxide, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, hydro*en sulfide, and hydrocan cyanide). Alkaline: Subeiancee that are alkalica or that meet with want to produce an alkali. Whan in water (elu tion*. they reautt ia the production f negatively charged bydroayl ion* (OH ). They taatr bitter, and many ara corroaiv* to liawiaa (for rtaraple, aauaoni*. amine*. photphin*. aniaa, and (tibiae). Organic Thee* ara the compound* of carbon. Example* at* mtumted hydrocarbon* (methane, ethane, butane), iiMaturated hydrocarbona (ethylene, acetylene!, aimhole (methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol), ethera (methyl ether, ethyl ether), aldehyde* (formaldehyde), ketonr* (dimethyl ketone), organic adds (formic acid, acetic acid), halide* (chloroform, carbon tetrarhloride), smidae (farmamide, acetamide), nitrilee (acetonitrile), iaocyanataa (toiueae diiaocyaaate). aminea (methylamine), apexiaa (epexyethane. propylene oaida). aad aromatic* (baaaana, toluene, xylene). Oc*nometallic! Compound* ia which metal* are chemi cally hooded to organic group* (for example, ethyl nitrate, tetraethyl lead, and organic phoaphatee). Ilydridar: Compound* in which hydrogen ia chemimlly bonded to metal* and certain other elements (for example, diborane and lithium hydride). Particles are produced by machxahnl maaa* by the disintegration prooraarr of grinding, rruablag. dulling, blasting, and spraying; or by th* phydnrhsmfaal twactions such a* combustion, vapnriaatian, dMBatfea, sublimation, calcinetioa, and caadsaaades. RwtMae are claeaiSad as follow*: Dash A aotid mechanically produced paitid* with darn varying from aubraicroacopic to viaibt* ar sMNMfit Spray: A liquid mechanically produced partid* arilh rises geoerajly in th* viaiMo ar auerooaopic range. Fume: A solid condenaatioa pertid* of irttnub mull pertid* rise, generally lam than can Irma ia diam eter. DIM: A liquid mndraaoHim partide with dam raagiag from ruhmicraacopic to viaiMo a* axaormcagta. Fag: A aust of sdhriant conraalrata ts pacamdMy uhscure vialon. Sanbe: A ayatem which indudm the products d iaomaidvtp combustion of organic aahatanoaa Is tha farm af solid and liquid particle* and gaaasua prodada Is air. MnuAe i* usually :d auRriaat oncentra*a* to paaoaptibly obscure vision. 12 DE 007746 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION piration shall ba of hifh purity. Oxygen shall meet the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia for medical or breathin * oxygen. Breathing air shall meet at least the require ment* of the specification for Grade 0 breathing air as described in Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification G-7.1-1966. Compressed oxygen shall not be used in supplied-air respirators or in open-circuit selfcontained breathing apparatus that have pre viously used compressed air. Compressed air might contain low concentrations of oil. When high-praasuie oxygen passes through an oil- or grease coated orifice, an explosion or fire may oocur. Breathing air may be supplied to respirators from cylinders or air compressors. Cylinders shall be tasted and maintained in accordance with applicable Department of Transportation or Interstate Commerce Commission Specifica tions for shipping containers. Compressors shall be constructed and situated so as to avoid entry of contaminated air into the system and suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds and filters installed to further assure breathing air quality. A receiver of sufficient capacity to enable the respirator wearer to escape from a contaminated atmosphere in event of compressor failure, and alarms to indicate compressor failure and over heating shall be installed in the system (tea 6.3.2). Air-line couplings shell be incompatible with outlets for other gas systems to prevent inadvertent servicing of air-line respirators with nonrespirable gases or oxygen. Breathing-gas containers shall be marked in accordance with American National Standard Mathod of Marking Portable Compraased Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained, Z48.1-1954; Federal Specification BB-A-1034a, June 21, 1968, Air, Compressed for Breathing Purposes; or Interim Federal Specification GGB-00675b, April 27,1965, Breathing Apparatus, Sail-Contained. Further details on sources of compressed air and its safe use will be found in Compraased Gaa Association Pamphlet G-71968. 6. Selection of Respirators 6.1 Approved er Accepted Respiretors. When ever possible, approved or accepted respireton shall be uhed. Respirator approval and accept ance tests and listings and selection of other then approved or accepted respirators an dis cussed in the Appendix. ZIS2 *2 General Considerations. The multiplicity of hazards that may exist in a given operation requires careful and intelligent respirator selec tion. This selection is made even more complex by the many type* of respirators available. Each type has its limitations, areas of application, and operational and maintenance requirements. The selection of a proper respirator for any given situation requires consideration of the following factors: 1) naturs of the hazard (ase Section 4); 2) extent of the hazard; 3) work re quirements and conditions; and 4) characteris tics and limitations of available respirators (saa Section 5). Table 6 is a quick reference guide for the selection of respiratory protection appropriate to the type and degree of hazard. The Table provides minimal guidance, however, and shall ba used along with other information, such as that given in this standard and in directions provided by respirator manufacturers. Whan than ia doubt about the ceacaetratian of oxygen or hazardous material promt in the atmosphere, only thoee respireten Hated as suitable for respiratory protaction against oxy gen deficiency shell be used. Any erring in the selection of respirators shall be on the safe side. U Natere ef the Hazard. The chemical and physical properties, toxicity, and concentration of the hazardous material shill be considered ia respirator selection (saa Section 4 for deerificatiooa and discussion of respiratory hazards). ill OrwM-OokiMf itianglira. Only respirators that provide an independent, raapiraMs atmosphere shall be used ia oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Normally, a satf-contabled breath ing apparatus, boee meek with blower, or air line Mpirator with auxiliary arff-oontained air supply is used for this purpose. Air-line respira tors without auxiliary air supply shall ba urad only with the precautions outlined in 13.1 An attendant shall be standing by at the entrance to the oxygen-deficient atmosphere at all times with proper communJcatiooa and teacue equipment in caaa of an amargancy. Baa 7.3 for use of respirators in oxygeo-dafiefcot atmo spheres, CIS /atmsdfafsfjr 0a*#sroas AhweepAares. If it k probable that atmospheres immediately dangerous to lift or health may oocur, than both the normally expected inward trsAage (see 6.3.3) and the raliability of tbs respirator shall 13 DE 007747 zas.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES D E 007748 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ZM.2 D E 007749 15 /AH * 16 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES Table 4 Capabilities aad Llaillations o f Respirators DE 007750 t FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ZU.3 007751 17 zaa.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES be given full consideration. In oxygen-deficient atmospheres with no toxic material*, inward leakage is normally not a problem unless the leakage exceeds e (ew percent It is essential that, in highly toxic atmospheres, inward leak age, if any, be minute. See 6.3.2.1 and 7.3 for use of mepftaton in immediately dangerous at mospheres. 6.121 Reipiratort Recommended for Immediately Dangerous Atmotpherei. This U. 8. Bureau of Mines end responsible industrial hy giene end safety organisations recommend the following respirators, listed in decreasing order with regard to the protection they offer the wearer, far use in atmospheres immediately dan gerous to life or health. These atmospheres in clude those which are oxygen deficient or whore high coaoentretione of gaaas or vapors suet: (1) pressure-demand open-circuit or pres sure-type closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus it) combination pressing demand air-tine respintor with auxiliary aeU-oontamed air auppiy (3) combination constant-flow sir-line res pirator with auxiliary asif-contamed sir supply Tables Color Code for Gas-Maak CanUltra (ANSI K1U-1M7) Atmospheric Contaminants to be Protested Agslaet Acid gesee Hydrocyanic add gas CUories gas Organic repots Amureis gas Colon Assigned* While Whits with %-iach grose Mrips campislriy cttUflCttf mv dtt hutkm Whit* widi H-Uck ydfaar stripe :i siy1Italy tki etiittir Mir iW WltMi Hack Crsse Acid gesc* sad ammonia gas Carboe woeaxids Acid gases sad ergamic rapers Hydrocyanic add gee and cklorepieria raper Add gases, ergseie vapors. Green with Kdseh while slripa caMpfatsly srouad the canister near tba betttm Has Ysflew Yallaw with M-iach Mss strip* iiaglridy MlillM MM WHMI Bfivm Redioactivr materials. rtrrpting tritium and nohlr gate* I'urpt* (Magantai Paniculate* (dusts, ban, Mists, fags, ar setokasl ia conbiaatioe with any of tba ibove gasca or vapors Csaiatar color far roatsislaset, as ddpdd shave, with Minch grey drip* caaphmiy around tbs caaistar asar the tap All of tbs above stsisapbaric eoftUmiiu&U Rad with M-inch gray stripe ceapMy aroeed tbs caniatar near tbs tap Tffiy iMI mi tap peripiirrt m (bp him rater he * rMiMrr Hnaiwi t* win acids sr vaean. WOT>!: Outer UmN br iiwd i rotatpVir laidy, or tlripr rotor le represent gun Mt isctudsd in (ht ithk. Thp UMf wttt nrrd t nfrr to thr t-HiNrr label tv dritfaiM (be dc*rw W pMNliM tb* caniater witt afford. 18 a DE 007752 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (4) demand-flow open-circuit or closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus < where thgrc may be a negative pressure in the breathing system at any time) (5) combination demand-flow air-line res pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply (6) hose mask with blower When self-contained breathing apparatus or hose masks with blowers are used in atmo spheres immediately dangerous to life or health, standby men must be present with suitable res cue equipment M-M Other Rnpiralort Which May Be Uted under Certain Conditions in Atmosphcrn Immediately Dangerout to Life or Health. Air line respirators are not approved or recom mended tor use in immediately dangerous at mospheres because no respiratory protection is provided if the air supply fails. However, it Z88.2 routine protection or operational designs pre clude use of the recommended types of respira tors which workers a'.ould wear, the following air-line respirators may be considered, provided an adequate flow of respirable air is maintained. These are listed in decreasing order with regard to the protection they provide for the wearer. (1) pressure-demand air-line respirator with full facepiece (2) continuous-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece, helmet, hood, or suit (3) demand-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece (4) pressure-demand air-line respirator with half-mask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do not cause eye irritation or injury) (6) continuous-flow air-line (aspirator with half-mask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do not cause eye irritation or injury) Table C Guide for Selection of Respirators Havant Oxygen OeMseqr Qas and Vapet Centamlnanto immediately dangerous to Ilfs or health (Ssa Note 2.) Not Immediately dangerous to Wa or health. Immediately dangerous to Ido or health. (See Now 24 Not Immediately dangerous to Ido or headh. immedttlsly dangerous to Wa or health. (Sea Now 24 Sssylrator (See now t.) Self-contained breathing apparatus. x Hoaa mask with blower. Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply a> an id-storage receiver with alarm. Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose mask wdh Mower. Air-purifying, full laeepiece respirator with chemical csnletor (gee meek). Sed-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for escape only). Combination elr-iine respirator with auxiliary sen oontained air supply or an sir too rag* receiver wdh Warm. Air-line respirator Hose mask without blower. Air-purHytng. hall-meek or mouthpiece respirator wdh chemical cartridge Sett-comemed breathing apparatus. Hess mask with blower. Ad-purtfytng, toil facepiece respirator wdh appropriate after. Sed-rescue mouthpiece raapdetor (tor escape only), Combination ad-dnetaapbator wdh ouxMary sod oontabwd tor mplrer an Mr atorege receiver wdh alarm. Air-purifying, had-mask or meuthplaca respirator wdh Mtor pad or cartridge. Air-line respirator. Air-tine aOcssbm Wasting respirator. Hoaa meek wdheut Mower. Seif-centalned breaming apparatus wlw* Alr-purttylng. tod facepiece respirator wdh chemical canto!er and sppfnprlato Mer (gee mask wdh Mtor). Sed-reseue mouthpiece respirator (lor escape only). Combination air-tine issplnitor wdh aualttaiy sett-contained ad supply or an sb Stonge Net trnmadl itofy dangerous to Me or health. Air-line resplrelor. Haas mask without blower. Ad-purifying, had mash or mouthpiece respirator wdh chemical cartridge and appro priate Mtor. NOTE t: For details on descriptions. capaMXVae. and XmltaUone of respirators, refer to Tables 3 and 4. NOTE 2: For details on use of respirators in hazardous atmospheres, see 8.3.2 end 73. 19 DE 007753 yiwi AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES (6) demand-flow air-line respirator with halfmask facepiece (only for atmospheres that do. not cause eye irritation or injury) Pressure-demand or continuous-flow air-line respirators with full facepiece provide the wearer with a degree of inspiratory protection equal to that afforded by a positive pressure self-con tained breathing apparatus as long as an ade quate flow of respirable air it maintained. Alao, a demand-flow air-line respirator with full facepiece would be equivalent to a demand-flow open-circuit or closed-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus as long as an adequate supply of respirable air is maintained. Persons using air-line respirators in atmo spheres immediately hazardous to life or health shall be equipped with safety harnesses and safety lines for lifting or removing persons from hazardous atmospheres or other and equivalent provisions for the rescue of persons from haz ardous atmospheres shall be used. A standby man or men with suitable self-contained breath ing apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for emergency rescue. Before a person is permitted to wear an air line respirator in a hazardous atmosphere, an industrial hygiene, health physics, or safety en gineering department representative or a qual ified industrial hygienist, health physicist, or safety engineer dull be responsible for com pliance with the following: (1) Air-line hose from a compressor or cylin der air supply shall be protected from damage, including cutting, kinking, crushing, or burning. In some cases an armored hone shall be used. Hose couplings shall be protected against dis connection. Trailing air-line hose shall be ar ranged to minimise tripping and to permit ready escape. (2) The cylinder containing the air supply for an air-line respirator shall be tested for oxy gen concentration and carbon monoxide content and shall be respirable. All air shall meet the minimum specification for Type I. Grade D gaseous air of the Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air, G-7.1-1966. The air supply in the cylinder shall he adequate tor completion of the work and escape. Oxygen must never be used with air-line respirators. (3) The compressor for supplying air shall be equipped with necessary safety and standby devices. A breathing air-type compressor shall be used. An air-storage receiver shall also be provided to furnish the wearer with an adequate supply of escape air if the compressor fails to operate. A compressor shutoff alarm and nec essary aerosol and vapor and gas filters shall also be incorporated into the system. . U an oil-lubricated compressor ia used, it shall have a high-temperature or carbon monoxide alarm, or both. If only a high-temperature alarm is used, the air from the compressor shall be frequently tested for carbon monoxide to in sure that it meets the specifications in 6J.2J (2). (4) The wearer shall be properly trained in the use of the air-line respirator and shall be well-informed of the hazard. A standard operat ing procedure shall be prepend for each situa tion for which air-line (aspirators an amployad in atmospheres immadiataty hazardous to life or health, and air-line respirator uaars shall be thoroughly familiar with this procedure. (5) Continuous-flow air-line reepirators an designed for maximum comfort with a airflow that will adequately protect the wearer in a non-hazardous atmqpphste. However, they are capable of providing adequate airflow to protact the wearer in a hazardous atmosphere. This adequate airflow ia obtained whan the air flow control valve is fully open. The recommended minimum airflows for use of air-lino respirators in hazardous atmospheres an flva cubic feet par minute to tight fitting facepieces and seven cubic feet par minute to loose fitting hoods or helmets. Psnona wearing upplied-tir suits shall follow the manufacturer's instructions concerning minimum airflow. For further information on furnishing campressed air to air-line respirators, rater to Com pressed Gas Association PamphletG-7-1M8. Saa 7.3 concerning safe procedures during use of respirators in atmospheres Immediately danger ous to life or health. U3 Not Immediately Danperasss Atmo spheres^ If immediately dangerous atmosphere* an not present or will not occur, then the con sequences of respirator failure an Isaaensd and emphasis can be placed on other factors such as long term protection, convenience, coat, com fort, and wearer acceptance. Then factors should be weighed one against another since they are not always compatible. However, long term protection should be given priority over all other factors. 20 DE 007754 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Long term protection i> determined primarily by the amount of inward leakage of atmospheric contaminanta during normal usage of the res pirator. The varioua types of respirator* are grouped below according to the increasing amount of inward leakage one might expect during their routine use. Group 1 Supplied-air suit Pressure-demand full facepiece open-circuit and air-line davices Preaaure-type full facepiece closed-circuit self- contained breathing apparatus Continuous-flow full facepiece air-line respirator Air-line respirator with loose-fitting hood gath ered around the waist Hoae-maak with blower and full facepiece mask Group 2 Demand-type full facepiece open-circuit selfcontained breathing apparatus Demand-type full facepiece air-line respirator Pressure-demand half-mask air-line respirator Group 3 (Continuous-flow half-mask air-line respirator Demand-type half-mask air-line respirator Air-line respirator with loose-Htting hood gath ered around tha neck . Group 4 Air-purifying respirator with blower and with full facapieca or hood gathered around the waist Group 6 Air-purifying respirator with blower and with half-mask facepiece or hood gathered around the neck Group 6 Hose maak without blower Air-purifying full facepiece respirator without blower Group 7 Air-purifying half-mask respirator without blower Mouthpiece respirator The negative pressure produced in the face- piece of many raepiraton (soma in Groups 2 and 3 and all in Groupa 6 and 7) during inhala tion will cause inward leakage of ambient air if leaks exist. The amount of inward leakage ex pected for various types of respirators is vagualy understood and is related to the facepiece-toface seal and leakage of various components in cluding air-purifying unite. For Group 1, in ward leakage will normally be infinitesimal or ZU8.2 nonexistent For Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, inward leakage will normally be minute. In Group 6, inward leakage with a good facepiece-to-face seal and with ideal wearing conditions may be as low as 0.1 percent In practice, however, this low level leakage is usually not attained due to poor facepiece-to-face fit and adverse wearing conditions such as face movements and beard growth. For Group 7, inward leakage with good facepiece-to-face fit and ideal wearing condi tions may be aa low aa 1 percant. This leakage level, however, is seldom attained for faaaona similar to those cited for devicae in Group 6. It is, therefore, important (particularly for device* in Groupa 6 and 7) that due consideration be given to potential inward laakage in aalacting devices. Experience has demonstrated that not all persona can obtain a satisfactory facepiace-toface seal with a single full facapiace or half-mask air-purifying respirator. Therefore, to provide an adequate facepiece-to-face aaal on a variety of facial features, it may ba nacaaaary that two or more models of full facepiece or half-mask respirator* be available. When on individual can lie fitted with two or more respirators, ha should lie permitted to select tha moat comfortable device. See 7.S for a discussion of face fit tests and procedures. &3.4 Monitoring of Air ComtomlntHta. Eval uation of contaminant concentration to which a person wearing a respirator may ba exposed is an integral part of an effectiva raapirator pro gram. Air sampling date are important in tha selection of tha proper respirator and should include: 1) identification of tha contaminant; 2) nature of the hazard; and 3) concentration at tha breathing tone. Tha datp an also helpful in estimating the possible levels of aapoauia that may have occurred during use of respirators. In aa air monitoring program. sampling should ba carried out over at laaat ana cycle of operation and, preferably, over several cycles whan production activity varies. Normally,' samples should ba collected at tha worker's breathing zone. However, where nacaaaary, gen eral air samples should bo collected in tha vicinity of the operation. The sampling period will ba determined by the aanaitivity of tha analytical method and tha acceptable contami nant concentration. It is important that representative samples ba obtained. The number of samples to be tefcyn depends on tha variation in contaminant 21 DE 007755 ZlM.2 \ii>> \i AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES ' u. V> a. generation rate during the operation. Sampling data should permit estimation of the worker's time weighted exposure. The peak contaminant concentration should also be estimated to as* sure that the respirator selected will provide adequate protection against high transient air concentrations. Breathing zone sampling is important since significant variations in concentrations an noted between general air and the worker's breathing zone. Use of personal or lapel air samplers is encouraged since they have been shown to more closely identify the true exposure. Although it is recognized that in emergency situations air sampling cannot be carried out as outlined above, every reasonable effort shall be made to evaluate conditions of exposure and to provide appropriate respiratory protection. Where a high hazard potential exists, a conserv ative estimate should be made. tXh IJmutual Hazard*. Unusual factors can add new dimensions to a hazardous situation and should be anticipated in selecting respira tors. Some examples are provided here. &&5.1 Abtorption through or Irritation o{ the Skin. Some airborne contaminants ore ex tremely irritating to the skin (for example, ammonia and hydrochloric acid) while others arc capable of being absorbed through the skin and into the blood stream with serious, possibly fatal, results. Hydrocyanic acid gas ami many of the organic phosphate pesticides, such as parathion, maiathion, and tetraethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP), will penetrate the unbroken skin. A facepiece or hood respirator will not afford com plete protection against these contaminants. If the concentration is high, or if exposure is pro longed, a full body-covering suit of impermeable material shall be worn with respiratory protec tion. A facepiece may not be required if the suit is leakproof and adequately ventilated. <j.S3 Radiation of Skin and Whole Body. The respirator may not protect the skin or whole body against radiation from airborne con centrations of certain radionuclides including noble gas radionuclides and other relatively bio logically inert gases. 6.4 Extewt and Location of Hazard. The ex tent of the hazard in apace and time and its physical location shall be considered in respira tor selection. They include the length of time protection will be needed, entry anti exit times, accessibility of a fresh air supply, and the ability to use air lines or move about freely while wear ing the respirator. The location of the contaminated arer in . respect to a possible source at respirable air requires special consideration. In using a hose mask, air-line respirator, or abrasive-blasting respirator, the distance that the wearer can go . into a contaminated atmosphere is limited by the length of hose connected to the source of respirable air. Furthermore, the presence of the hose requires that he enter and leave the area by the same route unices the device Is equipped with an auxiliary air cylinder, rhsmical canister or cartridge, or particulate filter appropriate for use in withdrawal. While wearing a self-con tained breathing apparatus or a gae meek, a person may leave the contaminated area by any exit, but he ahould make certain that the device will afford protection until he reaches rentable air, taking into account possible delays. iS Work IteqaireaMaU and CendlUaaa 65.1 Work Tima. Work time usualy deter mines the length of time for which respiratory protection is needed, including the tine neces sary to enter and leave a.contaminated ana. A self-contained breathing apparatus, gae mask, or chemical-cartridge respirator provide rerohrstory protection for relatively short periods, whereH the hoes mask with blower, airline respirator, and abrasive-blasting retiretor pro vide protection for as long aa the tarepiere is supplied with adequate respirable air. Particu late-fitter respirators can provide protection tor long periods, without need for filter replacement, only if the atmospheric particulate loading is low. Therefore, for protracted periods of use, the hose mask with blower and air-lias respira tors offer definite advantages. They also cause less discomfort than air-purifying respirators. Soma respirators have a means for indicating the remaining service life. Some type of warning is available- for alt self-contained breathing ap paratus and some gas masks. This may ba a pressure gage, timer, audible or physical alarm, or window indicator in tha canister. The uaer should understand the operation and limitations of each type of warning device. Moat othar gas masks and chemical-cartridge respirators have no indicator of remaining setvica Ufa. Canisters and cartridges ahould be changed according to the manufacturer's directions. 6J5.2 Activity at Wearer. The work area to - ba covered, work rate, and mobility required of - iff `r >* # 22 DE 007756 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION the wearer in carrying out hia work ahould be considered in respirator selection. Air-purifying respirators present minimal in* terference with the wearer's movement Supplied-air respirators with trailing hoses severely restrict the area the wearer can cover and pre sent a potential hazard where the trailing hoee can come in contact with machinery. Self-con tained breathing apparatus present a size and weight penalty which may restrict climbing and movement in tight places. The wearer's work rate determines his res piratory minute volume, maximum inspiratory flow rate, and inhalation and exhalation breath ing resistance. The respiratory minute volume la of great signiflcance in self-contained and air line respirators operated from cylinders since it determines their operating life. Useful life under moderate work conditions may be one-third that under test conditions. Peak airflow rate is important in the use of constant-flow air-line equipment The air-supply rate ahould always be greater than the peak inspiratory flow rate to maintain the respiratory enclosure under positive pressure. High breathing mistenet of sir-purifying respirators under conditions of heavy work can mult in diitreated bresthing. 644 VUion. All facepieces will restrict to some degree, the wearer's vision. This may in crease accident potential. Other problems in clude wearing of prescription glasses and fogging of the respirator lens (see 9.1,9.2, and 9.3). 644 Camauudcatiaa*. Effective speech com munication may be required in jobs for which the respirator is being selected. Section 9.6 pro vides information in this subjsct 645 Tamparatan Kxh sesss. Tbs ability to oops srith stress caused by temperature ex tremes is especially Important in emergency situations whan only immediately available res pirators can be used. See 13 and 9.4 for further details an use of respirators in temperature ex tremes. Hit tg frefirflis. When required, fullfacepiece respirator eyepieces end eye protection worn with half-mask facepieces shall meet the pertinent requirements of American National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educa tional Eye and Pace Protection, Z87.1-1968. 6.6' Employee Acceptance and Face Fit. These factors are of prims importance in respirator ZM.3 selection. The wearer's tcceptance of a particu lar respirator depends on the lack of facepiece discomfort, interference with vision, weight of the device, breathing resistance, and individual physical condition and psychological factors. The ability to form a good fscepiece-to-face seal depends on respirator design and facia) features, and is usually the moat important factor in obtaining proper protection with an air-puri fying mpirator, particularly of tbs half-mask type. Sea 7.5 for a discussion of face-fit testa and procedures. 7. Use of Respirators 7.1 Operating Precedent. Standard proced ures shall be developed for respirator use. Thee* should include all information and guidance necessary for their prop* selection, use, and cate. Possible emergency and routine usas of respirators ahould be antidpefead and r*"TM*1* for. 7.2 Issuance of Respirators. The comet res piretor shall be specified for such job. The res pirator type is usually specified in the work pro cedures by a qualified individual supervising the respiratory protective program. The individual issuing them shall be adequately instructed to insure that the comet respirator is issued, Each rassintar nsrmsnsntfT miasd fee an individual should be durably marked to indicate to whom it eras assigned. This mark afaeB not effect the respirator performance in any way. The data of ieananco should be noosded. 74 Uss in Daagereoe Alaaapharse. Written procedures shall he prepared covering safe use of respirators in dufmos atmospheres that he encountered far normal operations or in smergancira. Ptasormsl shall be tasltar with thaae procedures and the available respirators. Inareaa when the weanr, with laftao of the reepintor, could bo ovmnoom faff a task or oxygen-dsfleiant atmorpbsre, at hast ana addi tional man shall be praeant Communications (visual, votes, or signal line) ahaO be maintained between both or all individuals present Plan ning shall be such that one Individual win be unaffected by any hksiy incident and have the proper rescue equipment to be eble to assist the other(s) in case of emergency. Sae 64.1 and 644 for guidance on selection of respireton for use in dangerous atmospheres. 28 DE 007757 "V zaa.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES 7.4 Training and Education in Proper Uk. For cafe um of any reapirator, it ia oaaential that^ the uaer be property instructed in ita selection,* uae, and maintenance. Both auperviaora and worken ahall be eo inatrueted by competent penona. Minimum training ahall include the following: (1) Instruction in the nature of the hazard, whether acute, chronic, or both, and an honaat appraiaal of what may happen if the reapirator ia not uaed. (2) Explanation of why more poaitive con* trol ia not immediately feasible. This sh in clude recognition that every reaaonable effort ia being made to reduce or eliminate the need for respirators. (3) A discussion of why thia ia the proper type of regulator for the particular puipoee. (4) A diacuaeion of the raapintoPa capabilitiae and limitations. (6) Instruction and training in actual uaa of the reapirator (aapecially a reapirator for emergency uae) and dose and frequent super vision to assure that it continues to be properly used. (6) Classroom and field* training to recog nize and cope with emergency situations. (7) Other special training as needed for spe cial uaa. Training ahall provide the men an oppor tunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted property, test its facepiece-to-face seal, wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period, and, finally, to wear it in a teat atmosphere. 7 Facepiece Fit Teats and Procedures. Every respirator wearer ahall receive fitting in structions including demonstrations and prac tice in how the leepirator should be worn, bow to edjuat it, and how to determine if it fits properly. Respirators shall not be worn whan conditions prevent a good face seal. Such con ditions may be a growth of beard, sideburns, a skull cap that projects under the ftcepiace, or temple pieces on glssaaa. Also, the absence of one or both dentures can seriously affect the fit of a facepiece. Tim worker's diligsnes in ob serving these factors shall be evaluated by periodic checks To assure proper protection, the facepiece fit shall be checked by the wearer each time he puts on tbs respirator. Thia may be done by following the manufacturer's fecapisce-fitting instructions auch as these two simple field testa: (1) Poaitive Pressure Test Close the exhala tion valve and exhale gently into the facepiece. The face fit ia considered satisfactory if a alight .positive pressure can be built up inside the face piece without any evidence of outward leakage of air at the seal. For moat respirators, this method of leak testing requires that the wearer first rsmove the exhalation valve cover and tbwi canfuUy replace it after the test (2) Negative Pressure That Cloae off the inlet opening of the canister or carthdge(s) by covering with the palm of the haad(s) or by replacing the aeal(e), inhale gently so that the facepiece collapses slightly, and hold the braeth for tan seconds. If the facepiece Manias in its slightly collapsed condition and no inward leakage of air is detected, the tightness of the respirator is probably satisfactory. Potential users of respirators should also be required to test their facepiece fit by wearing the respirator under realistic teat renditions. A concentration of 100 parts par million ieoeayi acetate vapor (obtained By vaporizing 17.3 BsiOiHurt of isoamyl acetate for each 1,000cubic feet of room volume) may be prepared in a special chamber, a small plastic enclosure, or ia a vacant room. If the parson wearing the respirator can enter and remain in thia teat atmosphere without detecting the odor of isamyl aortato, he has a good fit. If ha detects the odor, ha should retreat to fresh air, readjust the facepiece, andrepeat the test If loekage it still noted, it eaa be concluded that this particular respirator will not protect the erearer. The wearer should art continue te tighten the heedbsnd straps until they are un comfortably tight, simply to arfrtsna a gaa tight face fit If fitted too tightly, the wearer wfll not wear the respirator or win wear it fitting com fortably loose and will not have a gas-tight saaL Particulate-filter reepiratora can frequently be adapted for uaa with chemical cartridges and may also be tasted for fees fit ia iaoamyl acetate. To check the fit of a respirator equipped with a high-efficiency particulate fiitar, an irritant smoke tube (glass tube 12 centimeters long by 1 centimetar diameter, filled with stannic chlor ide-impregnated pumice) produce* a vary irritating amoks whan air is blown through it The smoke is directed at the facepiece seal and leakage is indicated by irriUtioo of the throat and lungs. (When tasting half-mask facepieces. 24 PE 007758 FOB RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ZJU.2 do not direct the smoke into the eye* and in* itruct the wearer to keep hi* eye* closed during the test.) Freshly produced imoke particle* from this tub* range from less than O.t to 3 mi cron* in diameter. The glasa tube is scored at each end for eaay breaking. A squeeze bulb with a ahort rubber tube aspirates air through th* tube; visible smoke i* immediately formed by contact with moisture in the air. The irritant is hydrochloric acid absorbed on the particulate. A similar smoke is produced with a sulfur trioaide or titanium tetrachloride tube. Several method* of determining facepiece fit an described in detail in the Reepiratory Pro tective Device* Manual, published by the Amer ican Industrial Hygiene Association and the American Conference of Governmental Indus trial Hygienist* in 1063. 8. Maintenance and Care of Reapiratora 3.1 General. A program for maintenance and cars of respirators shall be adjusted to the type of plant, working conditions, and hazards in* volved, and shall include, the following bask services: (1) inspection for defects (including a leak check) (2) cleaning and disinfecting (3) repair (4) storage Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness. &2 Inspection. All respirators shall be inspected routinely before and after each use. A respirator that is not routinely used but is kept ready for emergency us* shall be inspected after each use . and at least monthly to assure that it is in satis factory working condition. Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be inspected monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to tli* manu facturer's ihatraction*. It shall be determined that th* regulator and warning device* function properly. Respirator inspection shall include a cheek of th* tightnsea of connections and the condition of the facepiece, headbands, valves, connecting tube, and canisters. Rubber or elastomer part* shall be inspected for pliability and signs of de terioration. Stretching and manipulating rubber or elastomer parts with a massaging action will keep them pliable and flexible and prevent them from taking a set during storage. A record shall be kept of inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emargsney uae. A3 Cleaning and Disinfection. Routinely used respirators shall be collected, cleaned, and dis infected as frequently as necessary to insure' that proper protection is provided for th* wearer. Each worker should b* briefed on the cleaning procedure and be assured that h* wiH always receive a clean and disinfected respira tor. Such assurance* art of greatest significance when respirators an not individually aasignad to workers. Raepiraton maintained for emer gency us* shall be cleaned and disinfected after each us*. The following procedure i* remainwiled lor cleaning and disinfecting reapiratora: (1) Remove any 111tars, cartridges, or canis ters. (2) Wash facepiece end fasasthing tuba in cleaner-disinfectant or detergent solution (sea following pangraphe). Uaa a hand bruah to fa cilitate removal of dirt (3) Rina* completely in dean, warn eratar. (4) Air dry in a dean ana. (6) Clean other respirator parte as raoammanded by manufacturer. (6) Inspect vatvse, baadatnpa, and ottar parte; replace with new parte if defective. (7) Insert new filters, cartridges, or canis ters; make sure seal tt tight. (3) Place in jflaiftYf f kit W* * Claaner-diainfsctant solutions are available that effectively dean the raepintar and contain a bactericidal agent The bactericidal agent is generally a quaternary ammonium compound. The respirator may be immaraad in the eolation, rinaed in clean, warm water, and air dried. Alternatively, raepiraton may be waahad In a liquid detergent solution, than famemed in: 1) a hypochlorite solution (SO parte par m3- lion of chlorine) for 2 miautae; 2) an aqueous iodine solution (SO parte par million of iodine) for 2 minutes; or 3) a quaternary ammonium solution (200 parts ptr million of quartsmary ammonium compounds in water with laaa than 600 parte per million total hardness). 28 j DE 007759 zaa.2 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES Different concentrations of quaternary am* monium salts are required to achieve a disin fecting solution with waters of varying hardness. Also, dermatitis may occur if the quaternary ammonium compounds are not completely rinsed from the respirator. The hypochlorite and iodine solutions are not stable; they age rubber parts, and are corrosive to metallic parts. There fore, immersion times should not be extended and the disinfectants shall be thoroughly rinsed from the respirator parts. Strong cleaning and disinfecting agents csn damage respirator parts. Temperatures sbove 185 degrees Fahrenheit and vigorous mechanical agitation should not be used. Solvents which affect elaatamsr or rubber parts should be used with caution. Respirators may be contaminated with toxic materials (that is, organic phosphate pecticidas and radionuclides). If the contamination is light, normal cleaning procedures should provide satisfactory decontamination; if heavy, a sepa rate decontamination step may be required be fore cleaning. For complete decontamination against phos phate pesticides, the respirator should he washed with alkaline soap and rinsed with 50 percent alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl). Respirators used to protect against radioac tive contaminants should be decontaminated to levels not exceeding 100 disintegrations par min ute per 100 square centimeters fixed alpha and 0.2 millirad per hour of beta-gamma above background at contact. There should be no detectable removable activity using standard swipe techniques. 8.4 Repair. Replacement or repairs shall be done only by experienced persona with parts designed for the respirator. No attempt shall be made to replace components or to make ad justment or repairs beyond the manufacturer's recommendations. Reducing or admission valvea or regulators shall be returned to the manufac turer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair. 8 Storage. After inspection, cleaning, and necessary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture or damaging chemicals. Respirators placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should be stored in compart ments built for the purpose, be quickly acces sible at all times, and be clearly marked. Rou- finely used respirators, sucb as dust respirators, may be placed in plastic bags. Respirators should not be stored in such places as lockers or tool boxes unless they sre in carrying casas or cartons. Respirators should be pecked or stored so that the facepiece and exhalation valve will rest in e normal position and function will not be impaired by the elastomer setting in an ab normal position. Instructions for proper storage of emergency respirators, such ss gss masks and aslf-contsined breathing apparatus, are found in "use and care" instructions usually mounted inside the carrying case lid. t. Spatial ProMwa 9.1 Corrective Lens with Full Facepiece. Pro viding respiratory protactiaa for individuals wearing corrective glasses is a aarioua problem. A proper seal cannot be established if tbs temple ban of eye glaasas extend through the seeling edge of the full facepiece. As a temporary matsure, glasses with short temple hen or without temple ban may ba taped to the wearer's basd. Wearing of contact lenaae in contaminated at mospheres with a respirator shall not be allowed. Systems have been developed for mounting corrective lenses inside full facepieces. When a workman must wear corrective lenses as part of the facepiece, the facepiece end lenses shall ba fitted by qualified individuals to provide good vision, comfort, and s gas-tight eeaL M Eyewear with Half-Mask Facepiece. If corrective spectacles or goggles an required, they shall ba worn to as not to elect the fit of the facepiece. Proper selection of equipment will minimize or Ovoid this problem M Respirator Urn la Lew Teeaperaturee. Ma jor problems in the uae of fuD facepieces at low temperatures an poor visibility and freezing of exhalation valvea. All full fenepiacee an de signed so that the incoming fnah air sweepa over the inside of the lens to reduce togging. Otherwise, it would be impossible to wear a fuB facepiece in ordinary room temperatures with out seven fogging. Antifog compounds can be used to coat the inside of the tons to prevent fogging at room tanpentuns and down to tem peratures approaching 32 degrees Fahrenheit. However, below zero degrees Fahrenheit, anti fog compounds will not prevent seven fogging. 28 DE 007760 FOB RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Z88 2 Full facepieces are available with noae cup* that direct moiat exhaled air through the ex halation valve. A properly fitted noae cup aht jld provide satisfactory or adequate visibility at temperatures down to --30 degree* Fahrenheit. At very low temperature*, the exhalation valve may collect moisture and freeze open, al lowing the wearer to breathe contaminated air, or freeze ctoaed, preventing normal exhalation. The Bureau of Minas has published two pam phlets on this subject: Performance of Open Circuit Self-Contained Breatfung Apparatus at --24* F. R.I. 7077 (1066), and Low-Tempera ture Performance of Compressed-Oxygen Cloted-Circuit Breathing Apparatus, R.I. 7192 (1968). Dry respirable air shall he used with self-contilined breathing apparatus or air-line respirators at low temperatures. The dewpoint of the breathing gas shall lie appropriate to the ambient temperature. High-pressure connections on self-contained breathing apparatus may leak because of metal contraction at low temperature*. The connec tions should not be overtightened since they may break when the temperature returns to normal. 9.4 Respirator Use in High Temperatures. A man working in areas of high ambient or radiant temperature is under stress. Any additional stress resulting from use of respirators should, therefore, be minimized. This cun he done by se lecting and using respirators having minimum weight and breathing resistance. Supplied-air respirators and hoods and suits having an ade quate supply of cool breathing air are recom mended. Further information on use of respira tors in high temperatures may be found in Breathing Apparatus for the Fire Service, pub lished by the National fire Protection Aseotiation in 1966. 94 ComaisaicatioML Although conventional respirators distort the human voice to soma extant, the respirator exhalation valve ueually providae e pathway for aome speech transmis sion over short distances in relatively quiet areas. Talking can induct facepiece or compo nent leakage end therefore should be limited while wearing e respirator, especially those with half-mask facepiecse. Mechanical spaech transmission devices called speaking diaphragms are available as an inte gral part of some respirators. These consist of a resonant cavity and diaphragm which amplify sound in the frequency range most important to speech intelligibility. The diaphragm acts ss a barrier to the ambient atmosphere. It should be carntully handled and protected by a cover to prevent puncture. Various methods of electronically transmit ting speech from the respirator are available. Those utilize e microphone connected to a triephone or radio transmitter. Usually the micro phone is mounted in the facepiece, while the amplifier, power pack, and loudspeaker or trans mitter are attached to the exterior of the mask, carried on the body, or are remotely located. Respirators with electric or electronic speech transmission device* having an integral or bodyattached battery power supply should be used with caution in explosive atmospheres. Sealed power sources should be checked for integrity of seels. Connecting cables from microphones inside the facepiece shell have gas-tight seals whsr* they emerge from the facepiece. Whan the loudspeaker diaphragm is pert of tbs barrier between the respirator wearer and the ambient atmosphere, it shall be frequently inspected for leakage and should Ige adequately protected from puncture or rupture. The assembly of an electronic or electrical speech transmission de vice into a respirator shall be avoided if it re sults in a center at gravity and moment of iner tia such that the mask may be dislodged from the face during wearer activity in e toxic en vironment Removal of speech transmission de vices may allow contaminant leakage into the facepiece. 94 Nonconventlonel Respireteem. Special res pirator designs, such as "neck respirators" for persona having a tracheotomy, may praasnt problems not commonly eooountamd with con ventional respirators. Therefore, the menufarturar should be consultad for spade] guidance or precautions. 10. Evaluation of Raopirator Program Effaetlvcaaaa 10.1 General. Feedback on how a respirator program is functioning is neesaaary if manage ment is to maintain affective respiratory pro tection. Program improvenwote and elimination of deficiencies cannot be effected unlera tha pro gram i* monitored and evaluated on a continu ing basis. The following techniques are used in ovalusting tha effectiveness of respirator pro grams. 27 0E 007761 TJM'l AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PRACTICES 10.2 Wearer Acceptance. The efh-ctivene** of a respirator program can he lately determined by the deg'ee of worker acceptance. Numerous factor* affect the worker'* acceptance of respireton. These include comfort, ability to breathe without objectionable effort, adequate visibility under all condition*, provision* for wearing pro* scription glaaaee if neceasary, ability to commu nicate, ability to perform all task* without un due interference, and confidence in the facepiece fit Failure to consider these facton i* likely to reduce cooperation of the wearer* in promotion a satisfactory program. How well these problem* have bean overcome can be determined by ob serving wearen during normal activities and by soliciting their comment*. 103 Examination of Respirator* in Use. Res piratory protection is no better than the respira tor in uae, even though it i* worn conscien tiously. Frequent random inspections ihall be conducted by a qualified individual to assure that respirators ore properly rejected, used, cleaned, and maintained. 10.4 Evaluation of Protection Afforded. When respirators are wom in toxic atmospheres, the individual should be provided appropriate peri odic laboratory teats. These may include urine, blood, or fecal analyses snd other techniques to determine the intake and excretion of toxic sub stances. The findings of these test*, when corre lated with other exposure data (especially air sampling data, as dsscribed in 6.3.4) for wosrers of such equipment, can serve as an indication of the offoctivonaao of th* program. Positive evi dence of exposure shall be followed up to deter mine any relationship to inadequate respiratory protection and need for additional engineering controls. Nasal or facepiece interior amears, or both, usually will detect any significant penetration of radioactive contaminants into the facepiece. 11. References to Other Codes, Standards and Manuals 11.1 America* National Standards Institute. When any of the following American Notional Standards is superseded by a revision approved by the Standards Institute, the revision shall apply. 11.1.1 American National Standard Identifi cation of Gas Mask Canister*, K13.1-1967 11.1.2 American National Standard Method of Marking Portable Compre*aed Gaa Contain ers To Identify the Material Contained, Z48.11954 11.14 American National Standard Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968 11.1.4 American National Standard Safety Guide for Respiratory Protection against Radon Daughters, Z88.1-1969 114 Comprewted Gaa Association 114.1 Commodity Specification for Air, Spe cification G-7.1,1966 1144 Compressed Air for Human Respira tion, Pamphlat G-7,1968 114 Interstate Cammarco Csmmissisn; UJ3. Department of Tiuvwtattm 1144 Code of Federal Regulations, TItfo 49, Parts 71-90, Rule* and Regulations for the Transportation of Explosives sad Other Dan gerous Articles 11.4 US. Department of the Interior, Bareaa of Mine*. See A2.1 in the Appendix to this Standard. 11.4.1 Schedule 13E, Self-Contained Breath ing Apparatus, Code of Federal Regulations, Part II. Subchapter B, Chapter 1 of Title 30. 11.44 Schedule 14F, Gas Masks, Cp6a of Fed eral Regulations, Part 13, fiubrhspter B, Chap ter 1 of Title 30. 11.44 Schedule 19B and Amendments to Schedule 19B, Supplied-Air Respirators, Cod* of Federal Regulations, Fart 12, Subchapter B. Chapter t of Title 30. 11.4.4 Schedule 21B, Filter-Type Dost, Fume, and Mist Respirators, Cod* of Federal Regula tions, Part 14, Subchaptsr B, Chapter 1 of Title 30. 11.44 Schedule 23B, Nonsmargsncy Gas Res pirator* (Chemical-Cartridge Raapiratocs In cluding Paint-Spray Respirators), Cod* at Fed eral Regulations, Part 14a, Subchapter B, Chap ter 1 of Title 30. 1144 Performance of Opeo-Cireuit Self-Con tained Breathing Apparatus at --26* F. R.L 7077, 1966. 11.4.7 Low-Temperature Performance of Com pressed-Oxygen Closed-Circuit Breathing Ap paratus. R.I.7192,1968. 28 DE 007762 FOR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ZU.2 11.4.8 Infomuttion Circular 8281 (October 1, 1965 end annual supplement!). Respiratory Protective Device* approved by the U.S. Bu reau of Mina*. 11.5 U.S. Department of Agriculture 11-5.1 Reapiratory Device* for Protection Against Certain Peaticidas, ARS-33-76-2. Feb ruary 1666 (addendum March 1,1966). 11.6 General Services Administration 11.6.1 Federal Specification BB-A- 10.14a (June 21, 1868). Air, Compressed (or Breath ing Purposes. 11A2 Interim Federal Specification GG-B00675b (April 27, 1965). Breathing Apparatus, Self-Contained. 11.7 American Industrial Hygitn* Associa tion and American Conference of Govern mental Industrial Hygienists. 11.7.1 Reapiratory Protective Devices Man ual, 1663. IU National Fire Prelection Association 11X1 Breathing Apparatus for the Fire Serv ice, 1966. 1M American Conference ef Geverameatal Industrial Hygienists 11X1 Threshold Limit Value of Air-Bome Contaminants for 1965, Recommandod and In dued Values. (1968 or latest revision.) 11X2 Documentation of Threshold Limit Values, 1962. (1962 or lateat revision.) 29 DE 007763 Appendix Respirator Approval and Acceptance Listings (Thia Appendix ia not part o( American National Standard Practice* (or Reapiniecy PmtaatVr, ZSS.1-19S*. but ia included (or infoneatien purpruaa only.) Al. Approved or Listed Respirators The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, end the Department of Agriculture publiih frequently revised lists of respirators. Sam* plea of these have bean tasted and found to pro vide satisfactory respiratory protection against specific hazards or contaminants. Al.l Respirator* Approved by the Depart ment of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. A list of respirators approved by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minas, may be obtained from the Superintendent.of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. AU Respirators on Lists Published by the Department of Agriculture. A-list of respira tor* for raspiratory protection against certain pesticides may be obtained from the Depart ment of Agriculture, Pesticide Chemicals Re search Branch, Beltsviile, Maryland 20705. A2. Requirements for and Testa of Respirators Requirements and tasting procedures for res pirator* have bean established and published by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minas, and the Department of Agriculture. Ail Department ef the Interior. Bureau of Mine*. Requirements aad Testa. Requirements for approval of moat types of respirators used have bean established. These requirements an published as the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minas, schedules. A current list of these schedulee appears in Section 11, Refer ences. Than schedules am frequently revised end each subsequent revision ia assigned a suc ceeding terminal letter (for example, schedule 19B is a revision of schedule 19A). Copies of the moat recent schedules may be obtained from the Publications Distribution Section, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Penn sylvania 15213. The Department of tbs Interior, Bureau of Minas, approval on a respirator continues in af fect even though the schedule under which the respirator was approved has bean revised one or mors time*. If the user wishes to check the minimum performance he may aspect from an approved respirator, ha should consult the schedule which was in effect whan the approval waa granted. Certain napinton an upgraded by the manufacturer to mast the requirements of mom mcent schedules. In general, each sched ule revision makes the requirements mom se vers. A complete list of schedules and their effective dates, and a list of schedules under which each respirator baa bean appro*ad, will be found in the Bureau'* Uat of approved res pireton. Responsibility for tasting aad approval of pesticide respirator* has bean transferred to Urn Department of the Interior, Buneu of Minas. All Department af Agrtenltw* Reqairtnrats aad Testa. The Department of Agricul ture previously established requirements aad tests for nspiratoca intended to provide respira tory protection during the application and han dling of pesticides. The requirement* aad tarts are described in a puhliratinn of tarts aad re quirements for respirators designed to provide respiratory protection against pprticidaa. The publication may be obtained from the Depart ment of Agriculture, Peeticide Chemirale Re search Branch, Batbmffla, Maryland 20706. In the Department of Agriculture's terta, pes ticides were dispersed as water ^rays, off sprays, or dry dusts to simulate formulatinni used in field applications. Chemical cartridges warn tested for one hour and gas mask canister* for four hours. Insect bioamsy methods warn used to determine the efficiency of canisters and cartridges. The Department of Agriculture did not eval uate facepiece fit of chemical-cartridge respira tors or gas masks. It did not test mspirators for protection against rodsnticides, harbiddss, and fungicides. 30 D 007164 APPENDIX A3. Selection of Other Than Approved or Lilted Respirators For special purposes the user may need to elect a respirator which has not l>een submitted to the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, or to the Department of Agriculture for testing, or cannot be tested by these agencies because it is outside their approval or testing authority. Among these are special-purpose res pirators for which user demand does not warrant submitting the devices for testing or approval. ZM.2 The user should compare unapproved respira tors with similar approved or listed devices to evaluate the facepiece and other parts to assure himself that the manufacturer, or other reliable organization, has tasted the filters, cartridges, or canisters, that they are adequate for the re quired service, and that quality control during manufacture can be expected. He should make or have made suitable tests of the respirators' effectiveness which, as far as feasible, simulate teste made by the official tasting agendas. 31 DE 007765 American National Standards Tt standard In this book1*1 U on* of nearly 44)00 standard* approved to do** by the Amoricon National Standard* Institute, formerly the USA itwfwli In stitute. Ttw Standard! tnititut* provide* tba machinery for waring voluntary elandords. It torvoo to llmlnat* duplication of standard* octlvMo* and to wold noAiding otandard* Into ting!*, nationally occoptod standard* iindor tfi* dedgnatlan "American National Standard*." Each ttaadard r*pr*ent* gonoral agreement among maker, teller, and uoor group* ao to the beat current practice with regard ta aom* sperifle problem. Thu* the completed standard* cut ocrew the whole fabric of production, dldrlbuHon. and conaumption of gooda and aervicea. American National Standard*. by roaoon of Institute procedure*, reflect o national consensus of manufacturers, mnaumer*. and teientifle, technical, and professional organisation*, and governmental agen cies. The completed atandarda ore used widely by Industry and dmutwi and often by municipal, state, and federal government*. The Standard* Institute, under who*e auspice* tW work I* being dona, I* the United States clearinghouse and coordinating body for standard* activity on tho national level. M is a federation of trad* association*, technical mcMn, prof** sional group*, and consumer organisations. Sam* 1,000 companies are eflUieted with the Institute a* company member*. The American National Standard* Institute It the United Slate* member of the' International Organisation far Standardisation (ISO), tho Internallonal Bodrotechnical Commission (IfC), and the Pan American Standard* Cammietion (COPANT). Through these channels American industry make* It* position fob on the international lev*). American Notional Standard* are *n fU# In tho Ifcrariet of the notional standard* bodies of mar* than SO countries. For a fro* ltd of aH American National Standards, writes Amoricwi NgHaaal Standards fcstftuta, he 1410 Broadway Maw Tart, It Y. 10111 DE 007766 AtUine for la c tin t reaplratory protective device*. fx ofsx. 8 I I. WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANDARO EXPLANATION 1. SUBPART I PARAGRAPH 1910.134 "RESPIRATORY PROTECTION" (<J) "AIR QUALITY" * (1) STDS. FOR COMPRESSED AIR, COMPRESSED 02. LIQUID AIR, AND LIQUID 02 (2) ACCEPTABLE SOURCES * () CYLINDER TEST STANDARD * (ii ) COMPRESSOR STANDARDS (3) COUPLING STANDARDS (4) CONTAINER LABELING STANDARDS DE 007768 1 1 WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY A. OSHA STANDARD EXPLANATION I. oUBPART I PARAGRAPH 1910.134 "RESPIRATORY PROTECTION" () "USE OF RESPIRATORS" * (1) STANOARD PROCEDURES * (2) SPECIFICATIONS * (3) PROCEDURES FOR DANGEROUS ATMOSPHERES (?) TOXIC OR 02-0EFICIENT ATMOSPHERES (n ) ATMOSPHERES IMMEDIATELY % DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH ( *") SAFETY HARNESS REQUIREMENTS * (4) RESPIRATOR INSPECTIONS * (5) TRAINING IN SELECTION. USE AND MAINTENANCE (?) FITTING (?? ) CORRECTIVE GLASSES (ill ) CORRECTIVE GLASSES DE 007769 11. WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY B. CHANGES IN TESTS UNDER 30 CFA TITLE II 1. PARAGRAPH 11.85-12(d) (REVISION) TO PERMIT AN INCREASE IN THE PERMISSIBLE C02 CONC. IN CERTAIN CLOSED-CIRCUIT S.C.B.A. 2. PARAGRAPH 11.90(a) (AMENDMENT) TO DELETE RECOMMENDATIONS TO GAS MASK USERS *0F THE MAX. CONC. OF GASES IN WHICH MASKS SHOULD BE USED. 3. PARAGRAPH 11.102.5(c)(i) (AMENDMENT) TO REQUIRE THAT CANISTERS FOR GASES, AMMONIA, ORGANIC VAPORS, CO, AND PARTICULATE, SHALL HAVE AN INDICATOR TO WARN AGAINST INABILITY TO REMOVE CO FROM INHALED AIR. 4. PARAGRAPH 11.93 (REVISION) COLOR AND MARKINGS OF ALL CANISTERS ETC. TO CONFORM WITH ANSI K 13.1-1973. DE 007770 10892 RULES AND REGULATIONS TH1* 30--Mineral Raseurcas the sir contaminant concentration Im use against specific eontanveanu end CHARTER t--MINING ENFORCEMENT AND SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPART* mediately dangerous to Ufe and health, and lower explosive limit; it was deemed concentrations, particularly to Include provisions for spadfle testing of the MENT OF THE INTERIOR advisable to eliminate the suggested various gaa mask canisters for certifies- FART 11--RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES; TESTS FOR PCRMISSIRIUTY; FEES maximum use concentrations. A joint 03HA/NI06H standards completion project Is underway to write a minimum regulatory standard for each substance tloo tor us* against specific contami nants of Interest. In view of the extensive number of specific gases and vapors. MEfiA and NIOSH consider this suggr*- Ga* Maaka and Se<f-CoUln#d Rraattilnf listed In 39 CFR 1910.*]. Thee* stand Uon impracticable at title time. Apparatus ards will provide respiratory protection Section lf.f-f(c>U>. MESA and On June a. 1S74, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. and the Department of the Interior, jointly pub* llahed a notice of propoeed rulemaking In the Fascaat Brciaria 140 PR lSTOS) requirements for compliance with the permlaalble exposure limit. Until such standards are published. Information on respirator selection and us* can be ob tained from tha soureas designated In NIOSH agree with the suggestion or I8KA that the section be revised to re quire en Indicator only for carbon monoxide because It Is undetectable by odor or tutc. to amend Title 3<L.Code of Federal Reg ulations, Part llSUo permit an lucre*** this amendment. Beeaue* of the uncer tainty of respiratory protection against A change In the concentration of nitrogen dioxide In Tablet < and T was In the permlaalble carbon dioxide con* centtattOQ In certain doaed-clrcult aelf* contained jgctp* breathing apparatua and to delete recotnmcnSauohi to caa maalc users of the maximum concentre- UffiM.ofgaaeam wfilch 'tEe maaka'ahould be jped. " ' " inten*ted persona were given an op portunity to eubmlt coalmenta on the propoeed amendment# and comment! were received from the Induetrial Safety Equipment Aaaoctatlon. Inc. (IflXA); and tha Atomic Eneriy Commlaalon (AEC). The eommenta have been reviewed by the National Inatltuta for Occupational Safety and Health INIOSH) and the Mining Enforcement end Safety Admln- tatratlon (MESA). The comment* and some toxic gases and vapors whan ac tivated carbon Is employed aa tha sor bent. and to assure that the user la pro vided with a comfortable and efficiently fitting facepiece. NIOSH la undertaking a research program to develop Improved approval teat methods and equlpmsnt to assure that adequate protection win be provided the ueers of ga* mask*. Results of the investigations will be available from NIOSH. The I8EA also commented that the propoeed amendment would imimvn.fjty place many current uaen of gaaoiaaks In a position of noncompUane* and admin istratively cause the equipment to be considered obsolete. MESA end NIOSH do not agree. The users of gas masks will principal change! are dlammed below by Individual accUona: Section UK(a) if). Tha I8EA re quested deletion of reference! to "Type" N" gae maaka on the rroundj that It la unnaeesaary to describe a mask'with only ona difference from other gaa maaka. MESA and NIOSH acre*, yet the capability under | 11.90(b) for approving such a gaa mask was retained by includ ing "Other gaa(ea) and vaporfal" aa an additional category of front-mounted eg back-mounted gaa masks. not be in a position of noncompUane* with regulatory standards line* such standards will specify the mavtmum ns* concentration for a gaa mask which. In most Instance*, will b* much Ms* than tha recommended m* con centration in I llJOtbl. To protact the user, such limiting factors aa the fact- place fit of the gaa mask, expected serv ice life of the sorbent, warning proper ties of the air contaminant, the lower explosive limit, and tha concentration of the air contaminant Immediately dan gerous to life and health am oocslderad Section if.fOtb). The delation of max In establishing the maximum us* con suggested by USA. MESA and NIOflH agree with the suggestion and the nitro gen dioxide requirements were removed for all gas masks bsciua* tits SO,, CL. tests are considered adequate for evalu ating tb* performance of acid gaa cantstars. A requirement was Inserted in foot note of 111.901b) that the applicant advise users, through means of Instruc tion on labels, of the probability of certain gas** and vapors not being re moved by sorbents In the canister to that decree Indicated by performance re quirements in Fart 11. Tha IBEA alio recommended a performasce requirement to be added to Ta bles g and 7 which would be consistent with subpart L for chemical eartridxe respirator approvals. The change would allow a reduction of service Ufe require ments for all gas masks designed to pro vide respiratory protection against two or more types <class**) of gases and vapors. MESA and NUMB at* of the view that such a reduction is not in the best Interest of the user's safety. The In consistency with Subpart L is believed warranted because ga* masks are for use against more haaudoos atmosphere*. Therefore, Fart 11 I* amended as set forth below. eSaotivt April 14,197g. Dated: March . ltlf. imum use concentrations of gas or vapor centration of a gat mask in a regulatory Tkomss 8. Kurrx. in which a device could be used wee standard. The deletion of the maximum Secretary ot the Interior questioned by I8EA which atetad that us* concentration will not administra until Government research reeulta are tively cause the equipment to be consid .Dated: January 33,1974. published Indicating that tha vapor ered obsolete since the maximum use Muuoam Ltncw. value* are too high, the action of dilation concentration for a gas mark la estab could be interpreted as being arbitrary lished by a regulatory standard and not Acting Secretary at Health, Mdneatton, and Welfare. and without proper foundation. In thia regard. Investigations by the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, performed under the auspice* of the AEC. and Investi gations by NIOSH have shown that tha sonic* Ilf* of actlvatad carbon varies considerably with both the spadfle sor by the suggmtad maximum use con centration in I ll.M<b). Change* were made in the categories under the three types of gas masks m tht form of additions of gas maaka for "Other gaa(ee) and vapor(s) " and for combinations of gass* or vapor*. This I. In i 11.15-13. paragraph <d> Is r-vlaed to read a* follows; 11 IAS-11 Tsst far carte* dfcnUr in Inspired gast *pw- end ctwddmlt apparel--i maal--a-- all--retie U--k*. bent and the type of solvent vapor change was mad* primarily to include, adsorbed. Therefore, canister eetvie* life for purposes of clarification, type* of ga* id) In addition to the test require 1* not adequate for many gaaaa and masks previously Dated la tha footnote*. ments for closed-circuit apparatus set vapors if ga* masks art uaad at the me- The AEC rerammended that tha forth in paragraph tb) of this section, gaated maximum us* concentrations. The spadfle olBcaa to be consulted for selec ga* samptas wfll be taken during the joint American Industrial Hygiene As tion. ue*. and malntmtance at gas mask*, count of tha man tests described in sociation/American Conference of Gov and for information on safe us* concen Table* 1. 3, 3. and 4. The** gaa samples ernmental Industrial Hygienists Respira trations. be named along with their ad win be taken from the elosed-ctrcuti tor Coaunittst ha* prepared a selection dressee and telephone numbers. MESA apparatus at a point doematream of the guide which recommend* maximum us* and NIOSH have adopted part of this carbon dioxide sorbent, and they shall concentration* for many gaaaa and proposal and clarified the soutcas where not contain more than 0.5 percent carbon vapors. Because of these factors, in addition to such limiting factors as the heat of reac tion between gas or vapor and solvent warning properties of air contaminants. the Information may be obtained. It was suggested by the AEC that in stead of the proposed procedural, there should be testing and certifying of vari ous sorbent canisters and cartridge* for dioxide at any time, cxeept on apparatus for escape only, using a mouthpiece only, the sample shall not contain more than 14 percent carbon dioxide at any time. noctAt tOISTK, VOL 41, NO. St--MONOAT. MASCM is, leva DE 007771 RULES AND REGULATIONS | 11.90 [Amended! Tjrpc of rfifa-tfyfr for mask 2. In 111.90. paragraph <a> is revised to read aa followt: (a) Oas masks Including all com pletely assembliJ air purifying masks designed for use as respiratory protection during entry into atmospheres not im mediately dangerous to Ufa or health or escape only from hazardous atmospheres containing adequate oxygen to support life are described as follows: 3. In i 11.90. paragraph <ai<2) is de leted and paragraphs <a> (3) and (ai (4) are redesignated as paragraphs <a> (2) and <a> (3) respectively and the word -`halt-mask" Is deleted from paragraph (a)(3). 4. In 111.90. paragraph <bi is revised to read as follows: <b> Oas masks shall be further de scribed according to the types of gases or vapors against which they are designed to provide respiratory protection, as follows: Type of front-mouHltt or Seek-monaIt** ft mull Acid |U * * * Ammonia Carbon mouosjd* Organic Vapor *1 * Otfiar |u() and vporat ' Combination of two or ntoro of Ut* above gaaae and vapor*.* * * Combination of acid gaa. ammonia, carbon monokldt. atvd organic vaporto.* * 1 Approval may lo for acid goats or organic vapoTi aa a clam or for pectoe arid imm or organic vapor*. Not for uno againat gaaoi or vapom with poor warning propartloa or which gtnorat* high boats of ramctloo with aorbont matoruila In tho eanutor. * Cat of tho gaa maak mar bo UmUod br factom ouch aa lowor oaplONlvo limit, toil* cologkal tfftcu, and tacvpiace fit. Umlta* tlona on gaa maak aervtc* Ufa and aorboat capacity limitation*, shall bo apodfiod hr tho applicant m Instruction* tor wHocUoo. umo and maiatonanco of tho gaa mask. **ya protection may bo required in cer tain eoncontration* of gaeoe and vapor*. Aeld gaa*** Ammonia Carbon aonoildo Organic vapor*** Other gar(tv) andvapor(a) ** Combination of two or more of tba above gaaaa and vapors.*** Type o/ escape far maak Acid gaa**** Ammonia* Carbon mauostde Organic vapor * * * * Othtrgss(ts) saevsper(M) Combination of two or more of the thort gsMi sn< vapors.1 *. Non: Tot laformotloo on soft uso oonctntrsiluns tnd (or inforM.tlQQ gonnUog im stloetion. uov, one molnuaonoo of gss muss. U gos susk ussr sbould rtfte M regulations Ittuod by tho Mining KntorwDitnt one Softly AdmlnltfrmUoB or Sy tbs Oscupstlonsl SV.tr sod Mmlth Adimlslstrouoa. snd to othor typUtsbU mguituonisoncrmln* gss mstSa gosemiatngstlons bsood ea such regulstloas ouy else bo obtslsod from tho Motional laatltuta tor Oeeuyotssnol S.f.tr one Health. S4S Chestnut Midge Mood. Morgtmem. W. Vo. ZSSOS. Atuntion: Dinetor. TCL: or front tbo WlOdX b.giant) Oontultanlt far OeeupaUoaoI dofoty sad Health in the DtlXW Wsgtoust QHcto throughout th, rouniry. (Il.ltt-S [Amended! 3. In 111.102-9. paragraph <c>(l) Is revised to raid aa follows: (exit Front-mounted, end backmounted. and chin-ttyle canisters daslenated aa providing respiratory prelection against gasta, ammonia, organic vapors, carbon mcooxida snd particulate eontsmlnants shall have a window or other Indicator to warn the gaa mask weerar when tho rontstee will tfft finger SSBsfSC- totllv remove carbon monoxide from the InhnZed dir. Cta 11.103-6. Table* S. I. tod 7 have been rertaed comment with th* amendment* to I 11JO to read a* fol lows: T\Wii b*nvh tvmta #juf fi^rirrMCNii fttr frttmleinuHmUM k tou ttnnnwh'4 0*m mnwk moMrra tie rrK te. ii. wM*fo. r, **. it.NRCf (`dhlirM>|a TeW iNMlilkOI Toiawnkni U*vl lie r {Ctwhm*.wn..wl.W..M.i.n.f.)...l.l.t.Iw.mW. .a.u.viM NhW uoa ______ Uao (part* __ (ntoeMaP ArMtfn* (MVMkl Aa ih4wL, M(i n n As twHn4. CCfc (V*m* MsaaucUa.. f.'r--lUwiao at 3 r I f afcevo typu.* C--iMwotl-- ofa vialova tjrjwa.* I, Nl( - NH CO CO CO *Jhi a8 a4a * MRaUhJowvoai*beHwfcdwOUtyj bwa duamunwwmlmndfatmt tWwmiwbbommOodaapvaataMlr--m--aw HefaafUUahpouaam -- WatWCL * Maiftiu aMawiMa CO ymatrailiia w uH*w*dort*f ika ailnhoew at* Tba m--atUadok--laawd im itortogtMattiM. fcdtun bojoway tf It womfMti wit In Si) prt; Ulfwttw, tf Un tiwngSu, totnioc (> twt ItSs wtub,et.ra*c-r' TTwwttttwwCidHUtnMut ttntSffnt8nMlMmM,inM<i1MtshStistspelmHMb.tmsdDitwtm.tlhmen.,vet* ll ihlta nrr,lt._In, br hM w. wfwUc Ttmr. m4 uattlt wet h* e nhi fnuwd tf IS ndn IfQEtAl StOUTU. VOL 41, MO. 51--MOMOAV, MAXCM IS, W4 001112 WHAT THE LAM SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY C. KIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATORY DECISION LOGIC 1. OUTLINE 2. GOVERNMENT PRACTICE 3. UCC C&P POSITION DE 007773 WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY C. NIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATORY DECISION LOGIC 1. OUTLINE A. INTRODUCTION B. GENERAL DECISION LOGIC FLOW CHART 1. GASES OR VAPORS 2. PARTICULATES 3. COMBINATION OF GAS/VAPOR AND PARTICULATES C. SPECIFIC DECISION LOGIC CHART D. DECISION LOGIC CRITERIA f. SKIN ABSORPTION 2. POOR WARNING PROPERTIES 3. SORBERT EFFICIENCIES 4. EYE IRRITATION 5. IDLH CONCENTRATION 6. LFL AND FIREFIGHTING 7. PROTECTION FACTOR 8. VARIATIONS WITH 30 CFR II * 9. ESCAPE 10. TANK CLEANING AND ENTRY INTO CLOSED VESSELS DE 007774 0-9 ESCAPE WHERE ESCAPE RESPIRATORS ARE PROVIDED THEY SHALL BE SELECTED FROM THE ESCAPE CATEGORY IN TABLE 2. THE EMPLOYER SHALL PROVIDE AND ENSURE EMPLOYEES CARRY AN ESCAPE RESPIRATORY WHERE EXPOSURE MAY OCCUR TO EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES (AN EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCE IS OEFINEO AS A GAS OR VAPOR HAVING A RAT EXPOSURE MORTALITY LC50 OF LESS THAN 10 PPM.) THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS ADDED TO THE INTRO DUCTION TO THE RESPIRATOR TABLE FOR THESE SUB STANCES: EMPLOYERS SHALL PROVIOE EACH EMPLOYEE WORKING IN AREAS WHERE **NAME** MAY BE RELEASED INTO THE WORKPLACE AIR WITH AN APPROVED ESCAPE RESPIRATOR AS SPECIFIED IN TABLE 2. THE EMPLOYER SHALL ENSURE THAT EACH EMPLOYEE CARRY THE ESCAPE RESPIRATOR IN THE AREA WHERE **NAME** MAY BE RELEASED INTO THE WORKPLACE. f DE 007775  I - WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY C - NIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATOR OECISION LOGIC 2 - GOVERNMENT PRACTICE AUTHOR TYPE OF DOCUMENT SUBSTANCE ESCAPE RESPIRATOR PROVISIONS NIOSH tt II If If CRITERIA DOCUMENT tt ft tt ft ft ft ft tt OSHA If ORAFT TECHNICAL STANDARD tt It BENZENE INORGANIC FLUORIDE PHOSGENE SODIUM HYDROXIDE XYLENE X TOXIC SUBSTANCES; ALKYL BENZENES, CYCLOHEXANE, KETONES, ANO OZONE TOXIC SUBSTANCES; KETONES REQUIRED (t It It It REQUIRED NOT REQUIRED If PROPOSED STANOARD AMMONIA ft tt It BERYLLIUM tt tt tt LEAD <r tt tt SULFUR DIOXIDE ti tt tt TOLUENE tt ft ti TRICHLOROETHYLENE It tt It tt It ft ft ft REQUIRED NOT REQUIRED <t EXISTING STANOARD ASBESTOS ti tt tt CARCINOGENS it it tt VINYL CHLORIOE NOT REQUIRED If It ft tt DE 007776 . t yvvjnvtstf '1 *' > II. WHAT THE LAW SAYS AND/OR PROPOSES TO SAY C. NIOSH/OSHA RESPIRATORY DECISION LOGIC 3. UCC C&P POSITION A. LETTER TO NI OSH B. EXTREMELY TOXIC VS LESS THAN EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES t. DE 007777 extremely toxic substance PERSONAL PROTECTION NORMAL COMPLEMENT OF PEOPLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ESCAPE SITUATIONS OCCASIONAL SUPPORT PEOPLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ESCAPE SITUATIONS....... STANDARD RESPIRATORY YES YES NO YES & NO EQUIPMENT STRATEGICALLY POSITIONED SPECIAL ESCAPE-TYPE YES YES NO YES RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT LESS THAN EXTREMELY TOXIC SUBSTANCE NORMAL COMPLEMENT OF PEOPLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ESCAPE SITUATIONS OCCASIONAL SUPPORT PEOPLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ESCAPE SITUATIONS STANDARD RESPIRATORY YES YES NO NO EQUIPMENT STRATEGICALLY POSITIONED SPECIAL ESCAPE-TYPE NO NO NO NO RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT nt III. VIOLATIONS A. TEXAS CITY 1. VCL - NO WRITTEN RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PROGRAM B. INSTITUTE 1. MIX MATCHING 2. ESCAPE RESPIRATORS USE IDENTIFICATION TRAINING DE 007779 IV. RECOMMENDED t. H. INVOLVEMENT A. SPECIFICATIONS AND SELECTION PERSONNEL EQUIPMENT 2. SUPPLY EQUIPMENT B. TRAINING 1. LIMITATIONS 2. HAZARDS C. TESTING AND/OR FITTING 1. TECHNIQUE 2. VERIFICATION D. MONITORING 1. IDENTIFICATION 2. EVALUATION DE 007780 INDUSTRIAL I I IV/ I LiV/ 1 I Wi I 1976 LAS VEGAS, NEVADA ` Feb. 17 20 April 20 23 June 8 11 PHILADELPHIA, PA ? ni 15 2 S$ ?| This count, iimd at individuals Ao have responsibility lot any poition of a respirator program. it designed to pioviik tha nsettuty intoimition to initial* ot upgrade a program to comply with tha requirements ol tha OSHA Act. Applied training it included in both Lactuta & Laboratory exercises. PREREQUISITES: Non* OBJECTIVES: At tha conclution ol tbit court*, tha train** will b* able to initial* and topatvit* an antir* ratpirator program which will meat th* minimum requirements tat forth in OSHA taction 1910.134. COURSE TOPICS INCLUDE: GOVERNING LEGISLATION: Oitcuttion, explanation and definition ol the raquiranwnts and terminology of OSHA taction 1910.134. Oiscutsion will cover methods ol compliance, minimum to ultimata, with th* regulations. RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE OEVICES: Oitcuttion on and applied training with devices. Includes impaction for defects: donning and actual use ol devices, including axtreists with air purifying devices; supplied eh respirators, wits and hoods: and tall-contamad breathing apparatus. SELECTION: Comprthantrva discussion on selection ol th* proper protection based on the haiard eesatsment. STANOARO OPERATING PROCEDURES & RECORDS: Oitcuttion ot sample SOP'S and record* required by OSHA. FITTING: Applied training with devices and fitting equipment. Includes laboratory axtreists with several ectepitbi* qualitativ* and qu- fit test methods. MAINTENANCE. STORAGE & INSPECTION: Disassembly, cleaning, disinfection, tetmttitbi and leak check of devices, including wet ol equipmem. Discussion oi sto inspection requirements, and demonstrations ol equipment used. TRAINING: Oiscutsion of methods and information necemty for the user of respiratory protective equipment to competently his person*! aquipment. WHO SHOULD ATTEND: Personnt! who have direct responsibility lot any portion ol a respiratory program. COURSE OURATION: Four (4) days. CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDIT: 3 C TUITION It FEES: S290.00 For further information or for infonnation on proup course present* Robert 4. Taft Laboratories National Institute for Occupational Safely Division ol Training l Hanpoear Developer 4678 Coluabia Parkeay Cincinnati, Ohio 45226 **n: Chief. Dfrect Tiatnu-v Application for Training U. S. Ocpertment ol Health. Education. A Welfare Public Health Service / Center for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety A Health i \o* 0* \ COPl' l*1 .ipi*' l *** NAME OF APPLICANT ___ STRUT * NUNS!* _ CITV. STATE ft 21F_________ SPONSOR OR EMPLOYER: Nam* of OromuKioA o him ,, AftftftM _______ PROFESSIONAL STATUS: Profntiort Of Occweataon PeutioA Till# ______ -_____ ____ __ __ _ . |nf (MKupnan y*tn Pfm> PuoiiA ---- . . Aim COtM Nwmoa* __ _ ______ ___________ ___ - .. ------------------- ----------- ----- , ______ _ __ ............................ PREVIOUS COURSES IN RELATED FICLOS Yl tit S tMflllO*UMHI tlWt l4d OATfS '* EDUCATION: Numb** ya*to< SocurnWy/CoMoir utmn*<otl _ .. Maiot............................................ Otaitlil ___________ ________ _____ _ Nymbai t-- Ayxt . -- . . Ch*wft________ __ *** ____ - . ___________ Matftamatgi - CHECK COURSE LOCATION ft OATE DESIRED LAS VEGAS n FUmerv UJO.lt* U Aere 70 }J. itre II Mill. I9T9 PHILADELPHIA I I Mete* 7173. HI* NOTt CtonaimarMoMoMM OKtMMty otWlM SffMbfll *Ml<AM Mootwit OHko PAYMENT tWW a oat* Q TvitfimwNiltOOI) Q Tyt*fi muM M tumM Of t#m> *<<* at >*** <*M *Mttpi*r if Hilwif**l<t *1 COMM MAKI CMCCKf tAVAKI TO NATIONAL INSTITUTE FQP OCCUFATtONAL SAftTV ft H(AlTH CnefOP* m amatop* ft marl to Robart A. Tatt laboratories National Institute for Occupational Safety l Health Oivision of Training & Nanpowar Oavaiopaant 467! Coluabia Parkway Cincinnati, Chip 45226 I I DE 007783