Document 6Rr21LggMrjgYOBKNKMyzoNem

CERAMIC ABSTRACTS Compiled by Tlie; American Ceramic Society Volume 24,1945 Rots C. Puwt. Edit* Uuy J. Cm Eiolt C. Van Schoick ZsIiA WlLUAn ) > Aitutanit J Committee an Publication!: R. L. Srom. Chairman; H. W. ftmisa, W. A- Wildon, K. C. Lyok, R, C. Fnn, ex officio F. C. Arrcoee A. A. Aran Martin Baker L. R. Barrett W. R_ Beck j A. C. Bermn' A. J. Biddulph R- G. Capcil ABSTRACTERS L. C. Chadwick M. V. Coodoide W. D. Forcer V. D. Frfchette R. A. Grerorr P. Grodsnaki Max Hanenhehn E. A. Haarer F. G. Reck R. A. Hetndl J. F. Horner M. Horeh E. E. Howe F. J. Hurlbut G. hi. Hutt G. A. Eirkendale B. B. Lane E. D. Maher R. W. McAllister E. P. Murphr. Jr. D. C. Pierce E. C. Pierce Alexis Pincm M. E. Poor Editorial Office: 2S2S North Hi(h Street, Columbus 2, Ohio Publication Office: 20th and Northampton Streets. Pa. H. E. Richardson Marfmret Roach B. C. Rupreeht A. B. Searle . L. Shattuck Hans Thumauer C. Wentworth Samuel Zerfon .0.2 1200*. nilariy at the re proridded hen it bt to t-Mgtfttr 3 3k end is eoo* 10% (Mr> sduccd O-SiOs itb ro of cnipared. iogram ucd u countpprosiU The vUjUio. Bom 1. Dee. ftm 2.367. 3-202). o.-cxuw ' (April a F. B. '>5. Jen. --The : which am the irthargr osidiztali and C in aa produet m. *0!;? DB Jan. . 1945 General 47 General Ceramic* today. Airesr. Ckem. At* (London!. 50 {1302] 550 (1944).--Ceramics are being need bjr manu* bcntB in place of plaitin. steel. sided, copper, alumi num. zinc. and robber. Present-day industrial white, ware ha* characteristic* that make it highly suitable for many industrial use*. It* resistance to abrasion is high. Almost the only materials that outwear whiteware are robber-are-tread stock and manganese Steel; for some exacting use*, such as noatles for sandblast equipment, the best ceramic noxaies will outlast manganese steel, tad for lining cote chutes, hard vitreous tile is still in good condi tion when both steel sad rubber linings are worn oat. The compressive strength of ceramics ranges from 25.000 to 30400 Cx/sq. in. This compares with 8000 to 47400 for alloys. 16300 to 45400 for thennosetting plastics. 7000 to 20400 for zinc alloys, and 55400 to 400400 far ferrous alloys. Ceramics are low in tensile --'rh OSQO.to 10400 lb./sq. in.). This deficiency can often be made up by increasing the thickness or other di mensions of the ceramic unit. Resistance to chemicals is high- -4 t -y p"*'--* eu-apt bydiufluarac acid. Is harrinrit. it exceeds most plastics and nonferreus metals: it is equal to glass and softer than alloy steels and chilled cut iron. Obstacles to the nse of ceramic parts as substitutes for metal in eomplicBted assemblies are the shrinkage and raping that take place during firing, but dimensional tolerances sufficiently fine have been obtained by-several newer molding methods. Ooe method molds a part in the --Airt--1 Mm.what rrrr-rriTr A preliminary firing shrinks the part to a certain extent but leaves it still overuse. * The first firing is stopped while the material is still soft enough to machine with standard tools. The is done to allow aa exact margin for the addi tional shrinkage that occurs during the second and final firing. Is another method, exact parts are obtained by TOf-hming rods of fused mica and glam up to 1 in. thick. Mica and glass are not fired during the forming process hfcansr. unlike true ceramics, they soften at high tempera tures. hot the mica-glass material can be need like por celain; it has the advantage of machmaUity and can be pitssuie molded like plastics. In a third method, care fully blended end moistened days ere molded under Rich heavy pleasure that warpage is practically absent, end the result is a dense high-strength product. The fired product on beheld to an tccuracy of '/. in- per inch of dimension, and further exactness can be obtained by grinding the finished article accuratdy to fixe. AJ5.S. Classification of natural organic binders. Ebwaks P. McNaxasa and Jay E. CoMsroao. Jour. A mar. Ceram. ScL. 23 (I ] 25-31 (1845).--14 references. 7 figures. Congress display* industry's war effort. Aitotr. Amor. Fommdrrman, t [Q| 2-3 (1844).--The 48th annual conven tion of theAmerican Foundrymen's Assn, is discussed. . MAS. Finffiag* from Foundation surveys of war plants. F.R. Hrr.arv aan W. C. L. Hsiseon. Presented at meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh. Pa., Nov.. 1844; abstracted in Safely Eng.. 8S (0)63-66 (1844).--The report discusses among other things the conversion of forms of quartz into tridymhe and cristohalite, which are mare destructive of animal tissue than quartz. Where the day-pot pnem is used in gUttmaking. the reclaiming of the diacardedpots produces a serious health hazard. Like- woe. in the glass industry, furnace and tuOle stones con tain about 15^ cristobalite. and the principal silicosis humid Brin in deportments where the days and furnace and tsiBestoncs are manufactured and handled. A survey of industrial hygiene in a portion of the ceramic industry is under way. and a report is expected in 1845 in which con- elusions will differ somewhat from prevalent ideas. The fepon gi*cs some consideration to dust control for mesons m glass and similar plants and in particular to a portable exhaust unit for e brick-cutting taw in common use. Minimizing dust around clay and Sint storage bins, etc., is tmrhtd upon. Investigations have also bees made is a sand-washing plant to determine what additional meas ures for dust control might be necessary. M3L Have you any idea what prospects want to know about your product? E. L. SpaKZS. lad. Markttiwr. 28 [121 51-52, 55 (1844).--S. discusses results of a survey made among engineering and industrial readers as to possible points to be emphasised in advertising construction equip ment and building materials. One of those submitting answers eondemni the use of hammered or frosted yi- in factory window*. He asks.' "Why don't glass manu facturers advise owners or engineers to install a line of clear glass at eye level where the bulk of the windows are ham mered or frost glass?" Another wanted physical data pertaining to glass block. S. found the men interviewed to be practical, common-sense folk and felt that their sug gestions to manufacturers and advertisers should be bcedod* Mist and dost collection. C. E. Umz Beatinr. Piping end Air Conditiouiuf. 16 (7] 410-14; (8) 46-1-60; (10) 578-81 (1844).--L. reviews the purposes of mist and' dust collecting sod summarizes the characteristics of dust. The main reasons for industrial dust collection are (1) mrisanrr climmatiou. (2) improvement of product quality, (3) reduction of equipment maintenance. (4) elimination of safety sod health hazards, and (5) recovery or collection of powdered products. To properly design industrial con trol equipment it is necessary to recognise and understand the fundamental properties and characteristics of gas a;- persoids. These include particle size (cement dust is one of the largest of common dusts), particle classification, ex plosion hararrts, and health hazards. L. then Hw-m--. the methods of measurement and the character of atmos pheric pollution. . Dust fall, use of Ringehsasn charts, unpingera. precipitators, filters, end atmospheric pollution data are included. Finally, he covers the sampling of process and ventilation gases to determine the performance of dust-collecting equipment, to evaluate the need for in stalling a system, or to obtain information for design. 43.references, 4 illustrationa. M.R. Noted engineer stresses research at meeting. H. F. Utusy. fit and Quarry, 37 (6) 70.78 (1844).--At a meet ing hell in Los Angeles. Nov. 9.1844, Stanton Walker dis cussed the research activities of the Nations Sand and Gravel Assn, and the National Ready Mixed Concrete Aon. He devoted much time to the simplification of fixes (or coarse aggregates as well as to the research develop ments in fine aggregates. It was decided to form com mittees of producers from the northern and southern parrs of California to work jointly with committees of Govern ment engineers to facilitate reducing the large number of sizes of aggregates now being produced. 1 photograph. MJL Organization of research. A. Paxes*. Jour. Jnjt. Furl, 17 [90] 154-SS (June. 1844); abstracted in BulL Brit. Stu-Ftrrous Metal: Ratarck Am., No. 182, p. 220 (Aug., 1844).--P. characterizes organization of research in universities and colleges, special research institutes, in dividual industrial undertakings, cooperative industrial undertakings, and cooperative industrial research. The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Fuel Research Station are described, and the selection ot a research staff is discussed. Prevention of pneumoconiosis, Axox. Cltem. Art (London]. 51 (13121 180-81 (18441.--Pneumoconiosis is a group name for all lung diseases caused by dust particles / two forms of it are silicosis and asbestosis. The best methods of prevention are (li replacement of the substance producing the obnoxious dust by a harmless one. e.g., alumina in place of flint for "dusting" and bedding in pot tery manufacture and artificial abrasive materials lor sand stone in grinding; (2) preventive ol the escape of dust into the workshop atmosphere, usually by means of hoods and air suction; (3) the use oi respirators by alt workers likely to be affected; and (4) copious general ventilation. In the British Isles, the Factories' Act. 1837. requires that pro vision shall be made for rendering harmless as far as prac- I f! i l - P-1 48 Ceramic Abstracts VoL 24, No. 2 tieableafl dust, etc- that may be injurious to health; that neui shall be taken for preventing the inhalstwa of dust; aad that perasu shall be excluded from workrooms in which siliceous dust is produced during the intervals allowed for meals or rest. In additioa. various regulations have been Bade for the contra! of special industries or processes; sandblasting sap bi done only in aa enclosed chamber in which no other work is ordinarily performed and in which efficient mean are provided to prevent the escape of dust outside the chamber. Another set of regula tions applies to processes carried out in quarries in which the stone --st least SD% silica. Machines used for thecrushingand grinding of stonemust be entirely enclosed or provided with efficient arrangements to prevent the enpe of dost. In deciding the hannfuincss of dost, it is necessary to know its chemical and nuneralogical nature, its coocensstioa. and other physical characteristics, incJwffisg.thw--sacBmununtspB. Le- the weight of dust in cmt vobme of the dust cloud. the number of particles per unit volume, and the size distribution of the particles, hhasdni ahoucthesizcof the dust particles is necessary becameit h agSkriy that many particles larger than about lOmicnms reach the deeper part of the hugs. The smaller dust particles are regarded as the more dangerous. Vari ous instruments have been devised for sampling air-borne dusts. They entrap the dost particles from a known volume of air on a glass surface or in liquid. The particles are then counted under the microscope; in some cases the particle diameters are also measured, and the particle- size distribution is thus ascertained. The available in struments differ considerably in their sampling efficiencies, so that for the same dust cloud different instruments may give substantially different results. The thermal precipi tator sampling instrument is highly efficient. The dust is deposited on two microscope cover slips which are subse quently mounted on slides. The dust panicles are counted and measured under a high-power microscope. A.B.S. noa A. Stewart, founder and owner of the Stark Bride Company. Axox. Bull. Amer. Ceram. See., 24 MI 1-2 ' (1945).--1 photo. Symposium on the Organization. Direction, aad Support f Research: Advancement of leaning in the United States in.' the postwar world. J. B. Coxant. Proe. . Amer. fkO. Soe- <7 (4| 291-08 (Jan. 29. 1944). Or ganization, direction, and support of research in the ; physical sciences. H. S. Tenon. Ibii^ pp. 299-306. ' Discovery and interpretation of biological phenomena. D. W. Beosr. Ibid., pp. 307-12. Critique ef medical research. A. Cuoc. JW4- pp. 313-20. Political econ omy in the modem state. H. A. Ik-xh. Ibid., pp. 323-41. War and research la social science. R. F. Nicholu. Ibid., pp. 361-64; abstracted in Bull. Bril. Non-Ferrous hletais Research Attn., No. 185. p. 307 (Nov.. 1944). i sireaerz pubucatum Industry and Research. Axox. Federation ef British Industries Brochure, 24 pp. (Oct.. 1943); abstracted in Bull. Brit. Non-Ferrous hletais Research Assn., No. 174. p. 370 (Dec., 1943).--The importance and achievements of " industrial research, its present position aad organization, and suggestions for development are presented. Consider able reference is made to research associations and to the need for their increased support. Scientific Research and the Universities in Postwar' Britain- Axox. Parliamentary and Scientific Committee Brochure, 18 pp. (Oct., 1943); abstracted in Bull. Brit. Nam-Ferrous hletais Research Assn., No. 174. p. 370 (Dec.. 1943).--After a coucise demonstration of the case for s great increase in industrial and all other types of scientific research in this country, the supply and training of re search personnel an considered. A two- or three-fold expansion of university and other facilities for the training of scientists, with correspondingly increased Government finanrial support, is demanded. Fifteen "proposals" are formally stated. . TECHNICAL BOOKS REPUBLISHED The following technical volumes have been republished in the United States under licenses issued by the Alien Property Custodian and are available to the industry at the prices indicated from publisher. Edwards Brothers. Inc.. Ann Arbor, Mich. Eitel, Wilhelm (editor) Glastechnische Tabellen: Physilalische und chcmische Konstanten der Glaser. Unter Mitwirkung von H. Altenhum . ..u.a....heraasgegeben von Wilhelm Eitel.MarcelloPsaoi,und KarlSeheel. Berlin.Springer, 1933. xi-r 714 pp. Price 8*4-00. Eitel, Wilhelm Physikalisrbe Chcmic der SDikate. 2. vfflig neubearb. Aufi. Leipzig, Barth, 1941. rii 4- 826 pp. Ulus. Price $21.00 KoeppeL Clans - rvnerfesre Baustoffe siHkatisriicr und tOikathaltigg Massen. Leipzig, Hirzel. 193S. rri + 296 pp. Ulus. (Chcmie and Technil: der Gcgeswazt. 18). Price 86.00. Selmang, Hermann Die physScalischen und chrmischcn Grundlagea der Keramik. Berlin. Springer. 1933. viii 4- 229 pp. Price $5.75. Schmid, Erich CrariPplatriritfit. Berlin. Springer. 1935. 373 pp. Price $9.65. Smitz, Andrus ' Die Tbeerie der Komplexitat und der Allotropie. Berlin. Verlag Chcmie. 1938. xii -f 372 pp. Price $5.50. Strum, Hugo (editor) Mineralogischc Tabellen. tm Auftrsge der Deutschen mineralogischen Geselischaft herausgegeben. Ceipiij. AUad- "riwiw nut 2S7 pp. Price $7.35. Stuckert, Ludwig . Hie Emailfabrihation. ein Lehr- und Handbucb fur die Emailindustrie. Berlin. Springer. 1941. \-i -- ~ru. 12; pp. Price $94)0. Yalmer, Max Kiaetik der PhaxenbDdung. Drrleti. SteinkopfT. 1939. xii + 220 pp. Price $4.75. t \ Annum ly. s Plant for the Chemical Industry Ur ACID NaUTWALItATION. CLAHlriCATION Or MQUIUa, DCWATSOINO or ILUuatCS. CrrLUINT rUmriCATION. riLTHATION AND tlUOCUUTION, riCKLINO LlOUOn TMCATAIRNT, rUMirlCATION Or THAIIB WAT*. BSDIHKNTATION ANU TIUCM- NINII, airAHAVION Or f------------------- ouua hum liquids, * ----- -- (l oua kicovnt. vrT' jMSSESD^!p J mavshial iianouno '' > Vir; Iftfiiivt IlMkiaf, , ',/ilik ST(M|k, V<il Ufkilil AQlTAt^M GAUrrtOlt* ui ournnui, clam* miMi oonvivouVi DKlVATMINa MAOIUNKI ROTARY VACUUM VIC- ( , TRRi* RAND WABflBRB, *!** Vo*mmm m*k 7W**f U aIIiU. iiDnOn B* ruurii ' H*oiU* a*-J - * * - ` tlllCIINIM, Me. UNIFLOC REAGENTS LTD. _______ -- SWANSEA -- PUai I S*MMi |li4 (SUMO) Cumis Uallac, Saw BRITISH TflR PRODUCTS LIMITED------------- Maker* of PYRIDINE oo ANTHRACENE OIL CARBOLIC CRYSTALS CRESYLIC ACID o NAPHTHALENE . ORTHO-CRESOL ( TOLUOL XYLOL sales ernes i 418*'GLOSSOP ROAD, SHEFFIELD. 10 ItlokHn 4WII4 TT.*l_rowaat CMSOL The Chemical Age A Weekly Journal Devoted to Industrial and Engineering Chemistry rouvbrib iiousr, M4 riUT imiT. London. i.ai T1mv*mmi ALLANGA* PLIIT LONDON GLASGOW i illlsHllfMl |CmIjiI|M Ttlrpbwi CENTRAL jus BIRMINGHAM i Diialir Ham*, PuJIIUnI|MI4IiU )l( i) TIIB CIIKMICAL ACB in m U *Uk Ua iSorISm *4 U *t Asp v*a Ly IMS UfMNn UaJlai _ VOL. LI Na. ijii. August iy, 1944 Aaaail m. Ihrura it* Export Research MANY lliingi arc im|mrtunl in n|ieriiling a business iun:e(ull)r. likewise lias mnde iiiaikcl icseaiih iflflii ull nml utn eiliiiu. Itiilisli lindii In trrluiicul aria, such a. Dial -nfhat thereby Inst lirnvily. fhcmiral miinufmlurc, the Irrhnical mrn A move Is aiiiiiiiiiii.e.d which will luiug air prune In consider that theirs la llic nlaiut a iIiiiiisc il it npeialea as its mnal essential pari of the undertaking. sponsors Intend. Alter several inuntlis Il la true, nl course, that unlcia prndur- of negotiation a prnjrcl is taking sliapu liim la cmcitnl, the undertaking cannul Inr setting up a scll-suppniting, non. prosper. Technical skill la Ihc lint profit-making Eapurl Itescarch Assnria- essential, without which no undertaking iinn. The project is still in tin: eniln yn inn even Impc In atari In the chemical stage, but it has been developed (at field and in many nlhrr fielda--it la enough fur the s|niiitnrs In frrl tilde in u I inn.1 iicr urate In state that aa a ask hnsiuess firms whether nr mil they Iiilivi'iaul truth ill lo-ilay's ciiiidillun*. 1 arc piepareil In ai l as godparents to suili Ilut thcic Is another pailner whnae work an association. The project in quest inn is coiiiplcinentary end equally important lias Item fathered Ity the Adcciti'ing --that ol the salesman. 'I he modern Assnriatinli; and il is linked with a plan scientific salesman must not lie contused ' for the creation at |ho same time id a with the old-time carpel-bagger. .Sale, National Overseas Advertising Setvire. technique ia specialised and employs This Is the first real iiiliinaliuu that many weapons. One uf these ia advertls'lug; another la mar ket research | a third On Other Pi(m Multi Mil (.MMCSll ... ' ... UMisIrlls llyiruytu I'rcinl- Non. / 171 179 is that somewhat in Symlkctlo OlI lu 7psts............. lit definable asset of per . An/a'y witk <!.. In Cylinder. I7U sonal rmilart lielween Iwin.trial ltn.lt ' ... ... ... IW buyer noil seller nn which Is Imilt tip an edifice nl mutual res- cl and reliance, fferorsry / TU I'ruJucliuu a/ Slyrrui ' ... Ilrlrrliny hlircuru in .Ur ... IIrr.mr ....................... ... llrnn Itrotkar.' A nnnal Mutiny 181 IP! ID* IB'i Ift-'l hear tools, aa tie firyin, f'nint by Town Cat ... IB! may term them, are Ilrynulr Ubrmlfl Uarirrlt ... IRS nl imporlaocr in (he if.A. ffriimn I'rmlnrlion ... IPtt Inline Imile ami are raaential In the espnrt market. Unfortunate ly, dislnnrr has Inn nllrit prevented iiifii- I'riiuuai Multi .......................... IH7 Ailieutl. in 7'numlrlr. ............... \H7 fail mni ll'rrd t'uutrul ... 188 Tkeiiliruwinr (u .V|w(i ............... IPH I'hrmlrul fndn.try in froMee ... IPH lltuttml Hew. /runt IPr.k In With INI rienlly Intimate per A'lurkr and titru ... ... IUI sonal contact and il.jlisk rh.ndr.l Crier. ... IIKI them ia lieginning In be an appreciation uf lli vital connection between market re search and commeacial efficiency. In 19H the Government set up F.a|nirl Gruii|is in nm.ti Industries which were iiilemleif In Ik the spearhead nf a glrat drive tu tthlain more eapnrls in nidri In provide ruririi' i Inr llic purchase nf ni It n I I I n n s. Tin' l.ease-l.end arruuge. men! removed the ne cessity for this drive and |iermilted u In pul nur whole imlu<- a uu I * it UlihtLM AVjfc Auouar ly, ivu' essnulla) bifnrf making nijf mmieotinM with equipment where lha ei U iu U uwl, Mnrrmrr, develop Hit liabll of u|tei<ii<|( im) vlnslug *11 vUe ilnvljr, Hear hi ndud lha perllimlar pru|H*rlles of the cim which or# Iu.iim. Among inflam* tuilile rm ir inmnuli, eralyleor, liulaot, tlltjflflin, ethyl chloride. hydrogen, methyl chloride, Kill |irv|)aiii) tliuw which ore itAtt'InflaiHMialili Intitule carlmu iliuilila, thhuiur, uifiogrn, nitrous ml sulphur dimids. Ausistlisllc effects or# produced on breathing ecstytoue, butane, alhylooo, ethyl chloride, iiislhyt ** chloride, nitrone oxide, end propane| irrl- teiit gaaee include ammonia, chlorine, end euljdinr diuiiJi The iuftemmeble rouge, Ju eiliiiiature with elr, viriea cnushlarehly | It liee between <1.5 end 60 nor cent. In the ceee of ecetylooe, U frnu#4.l to 70 |wr coot. In the ceee of hydrogen, end from 10 In 20 per cent, with ammonia. Industrial Dusts - The Prevention ol Pneumoconiosis . AIIKOHNT Iwv l Ui llullell* ol (li* Nsllnnsl Awulilbui lr Itw I'riHU- IItui *i| Tuborculoal* IIIinuIiii, IIH3) u larttrlv ilmtlnl lo *rtlclt>s ou lha various >|Wli ol |oirniuaeoniotl, or lima disessu io.nl hy ilurl (lorlfelii*. Th untmilan ' *1 imcoiooriMiln.il us. dealt with liv Ur. Uohwss llnllnrd, ol llio liKlmlilftt ItaallU ilnraidi.lloanl. Matlical ItcMsrch ('miucll. " I'uruioncanliNlt " la a group nans eorsr- loa sock illaaaaaa aa allieoal, and arlwaUial*. KillrosU la caused lijf Ilia Inhalation ol alliraoMa alnala such aa Ikoaa ol aaudaloua ami *|Uarla. II orrora. Irrllaa Ur. Ilntlord, In workers IoIIhoIhr a rarlaljr ol aci*M|* ||*>na, principal annul, which ara aaiullilaal- Ins, lurlal grlndlntf, aamlalaoa ^aanjilii| and working, alalr quarrying, potlar* aaaiiu- larturv, llio inanolaeturs ol abraana soap powders, Mtlallilrrona mlolog,* and Ilia f* tlrivlu, *! hard hrsdlnsi In coal mluaa. llio lirraUiin( ol aaliaaloa dual, u.nslly nror a Ion, period, cauaaa Ilia illaaaM konnn aa aahaalaala. Many coalmlurra oHRagad In . hr* lii, anal contract a dlaaaaa aamawhal almllar. ' firstly, any maaanrra designed to rrdnea or abolish lha Ineldaura ol potuamoooloala nl aim at wataatlna lha worker Inna broalklny olr laden with harmlul duet. The ..., .-ritual, by which protraliou Inna Bus loos '., <r ronlaiulnauU, lucludloa poruainoonloris. rodorluyt dnala, may ha achlarad are, la * wflrr ol pialarrnaa t (I) enliatlluUoa ol the ' unilouc (ulislauca by a barmlaaa our | til) tnoirullon ol Ih* rsoaps ol daaarroua dual uto lha aourral stmnsidirrr | (till copious aoooral <rulHal lout and (It) |>oraoaal pro* Irtilon ol lha wnrkrr. An raaaipta ol eiihalliutlnu can ho lakaa Irma lha imlltry iiolualrr. I'nwdcrod Biol baa Ion, beau Hard lor lha Bring ol c|ihia wart, and ilia wmkara who nnaiad tint wetr alltr Bring ares atpnard la Blul dual which la a |i*>loiit rauao ol elllonela. Mann* larhirora oanorliornlnl la Sod a aala rob* _ I'llwl, aad U apprarad lhal alumina anuld Iw used aallafactorlly In plain ol Mini. lu an Inrcstiaaliun carried nut by Ilia Modleaf lloaaarch Connell auiono man who had keen unused to alumina dual lor many yaara tie rrldeuce.ol puoumocouloala waa found. Thua by ualn, alumina in place ol flint In Ibla polUrr proccaa Ilia rlak ol putiiinnccaiaalc can at auy rata ba greatly reduced. An* oilier loalaoca ol suhaUluliou la lha ailrnaiaa chauga-ovar from arlodalonaa made ol aandalnna lo srlifielil ahraalr, wlirrla In Ilia grinding ol melala. Wliotf tin harmlul auhalanco mwd nacaa- aarlly Im uaod Uia eaca|>a of dint lulq lha ganaral almoaplicra almuld lie praaantad II at all pneeihla. Aa near aa pinalbla lo ilia point of origin of lha dual a eullahly da* elgecd hood la placed, and from Ilia bond a melel duct leads In a praaaura Ian which a made to pull air kilo lha band. The chap* aad hicatlon ol Ilia hood, llir alia, id the duet, ami the power ol Ilia Ian ara an arranged that Uia air-flow near Ilia |ni|nl al Whhli lha dual la generated la auch aa will uaura lhal the dual la drawn siralibi Inlo Ikr duct anil traoaporlad to a aullelila ml*1 looting darlca. local aihaual hoods arc commonly uard with many typaa ol rotary machinery, enek aa Krlnnsionasi they ara aliio used in a variety ol oilier processes such al, lef Clauipla, alnua drossIn,, rock crush* Ink, cull come opcralinua In Uic pottery Industry, ' HninCtluica II la practicable lor ihc |>ra* riwa IA hr cauiph-li'ly rucbwrd. Ollcn, aa la lidk*illllling and amor nuilal grliulinu pro* traara, Ilia lormailon nr dla|ieraloa of dual van lit Uiucli reduced hy Uia uaa ol walar. lu a(tile ol precautions such aa Ihoac dra* prllunl, ll ollcn happens that eunllgh dual In ronatltule a liasartl In heallh racaprs lubi Ilia air. lu curb oases gnnemlia vanlllalhm Must Im provided, an that tltr aiiaprndad dual la dlaparaad In a largo aunngh volume id olr to ensure lhal Its conranlrallou dnea not rrarli a harmlol lord. 1'liara ara nlhrr prncraara lu wlilrh nolle ul |he luellmda will \s\ 1 tkft.ilM iy, me uitiiiv,/a /\i>L it>i In Miainliti M (* fclmuBjiliffn, mill liu n *r nilirr brcaUiing Ito imiiaI hr worn by I hr oiirriliiiB, tml |hr * jiMi i'KN iiiUhl he urgrrpeleu hi d'ih* |iBrl(ii<ii|ii. HemlliUnh^g U such |ir*HriMi. Slalulory IlcquIrcmctiU Thcro err sletiiinry reqitircuifiiU cniicrrn* lug dust ruiilrul hi luiliulry. Thr Kechirira Act. IU*17, rri|iiiri)l lhal a|ial| hr itiatlr fur rendering liftrmleM au far % llcaiih* all dual, etc., lhal may ho iujiirfoiis In Imlth; Btinlltrr fl i|lrt'a lhal iiu aiM ultall ha lakai* fur |>n*vriilhig I hr inhalath* *d dtiM, ami a fmthrr arethm rh|iiirra lha cxduahm of |Kramia fnim work* riMtiwa hi whlcii alliramia dual la |irMhiml during lha hilertala alhmnl fur uirata nr real. In addiUnn, varlmii regulaUnHa have bevw inadr far Ilia control nf p|HK'U( lndii< Irica nr pruccaara. Thna, hriufly, aaiidhlarl* lug may niily be dMie in an omdnaed chain* her In wlihdi am nllirr wnrk l nrdinarily |M!if<iiMi*l. and in wtdrli cfliiiiiii iiiaaua aa (imvidvd In |imanl Ihc aarape of dual mil* eld* the chainbar s lha aaudblaalcr wurklug in llir chamber uma| wear uvcralla and a auitahia |imleullira lidmel and gauullelai lha brhncl muiI ba provided will* a ru|i|dy nf |>tirv air and a way nf cacapr fur eshautl air, and miial laar tha mark of lha |trm uaiiig II. Aunlhar act of regiilathma appliaa lu pruceaara carried mil lu quarrlra In ulilrli Ilia almm cnufaliia al laaal 60 |*r caul. *4 , silica. Itachiiirs uard fur Ilia crualilug and grinding if sbuit must l# sutlrsly aiirbised, nr lie pmvhled with amdaul arraugcuicida lo nrrvfliil llir eaca|m nf dust. These rxamyitea if nOtclal regulathuia ara enough lu imltcula Ilia care lltal la requlreil In priileit industrial wurksrs. ' Dual Sampling siii* ill hi i ihiti inn for a Isrgi* gi>n|i of hbmi |4c* Islttn in line snihrsi'iis tuinr sitov.vd Hist 01 |H*r trnl, nf I lie ihi.<*l |urlilrs iirrn hnluw fi microns In sixr, "iU per ii'itl, urn* Ii'ma Ihuu 2 Mili'rmiB soil ritoghly ffi |n:r (.nil. urrr sinallrr Hum I mirnni. Various iuKlrinuruU lisia lirru drtisrif for sanipliug airdiornr dusls. (Irunslit, Ihoso u*cd for aainidtiig puruuioi'iiniosi* prmlucing Unsli aro iinsigurtl In cnirsp lh<* iiusl parlklr* from known vuluum d sir mi a glaas surface nr lu a loom! Tint pur* tides arc llitu eouulril undrr the miernand hi ennie cauiT llir parlielo dis- tnrlrrs r slat utr**urr| ami (Its psitoli* sisr distribution thus as>f|slni*i|. Sampling Inalrumcnta Dr. Ihullonl cuusidara it uufortuuato lht lha varhnia svsiliMf dust sampihig inslru- Micula differ cnnshterahlv In their sampling rflldriicies* an tint for Ilia ssima iliigl rlmnl different hulruiuaiils may give snhlsntiaH> difTrreiit rrsidls. (A dUcusnioii of tlm nU* |h# merits of such histruiuaiifs tiai prrMui<<;d hy llr. H. O. Mlscklin lu Tun CmcmIcai. Amc. Illf.l, p. 676.) Tlirnfoir, in i-niiMiih'r> lug a stated dust cuiicoiilralluii mia should have regard In lha methnda of sampling cm- ptuvmt. Ona of tha aaiopllug iustruuimt* designed In Great JlriUitt, (hr thrrmsl pre cipitator, Is highly efllcirtit, lint dust i mi luu niicrusitipr cnvnr slipi tihirli aro suharqneiitly luoimtrd on stidm*. f^iooting ami mraaMiruient of fltr iIiinJ p* tides ara dmm Islnr umh*r a lugh-|sw-r microCM|M*. While, as lisa lirru indicated, anina nf Ilia iliiat-saiupliug lna|ri|iucu|s mow In use do uni glia aalraiiiely accurate in furmafirm fumrulii|( dual i*KTidralioiis, (hay have urverlheh'ss been nl luesUiusIds vatu# hi cmitri|||ug lha dust Imsard In many iuiiualrUa. If uaa la lu iimu tha risk of pacnuine tsuiiali, nr In dec(tie oh Uia efficacy of dual control meaaurea, out must know aninaUiliig about the nature and quantity nf the dual presrui lu Uia air* In urdcr la dcflua ait alr*biruc lul cnmplaUly ll It ncusssarv lo ktuiw ilia chamlcal and wlucraluglcal uaUira nf Ilia dust, ila uuutuiiftiite, and nlhrr phy* leal diiridtridlot. Tltasa pbyatcal charae* larlrllca luclmla t lha nut concmilratlon be., lha weight nl dust In unit volume nf Ike dual cloud i Ilia nuinlitr of |iarllrle pee unit vnluuiai ami Mia alia distribution n| ilia nart Idea, tufurmailim about lha alsa nf if dual part idea 1* vary naceasary because II la unlikely that uiauy parllelaa Ursar<lliaii ftbntil If) uiicruiia (I micron equal# one* IliQuaaiuUli uf a udllimeUCy or slmut l/23,000lli of an inch) read) the deeper iiaria uf Ilia Inuga. Tlta wnillst dual par* ildca aro regarded aa Ilia inure dangerous, Utuerally. lu Industrial dual atmids pracll* tally all Ilia parllrlaa ara much amaller than 16 microns. Thus, lor aiamplc, the avaraga O RECOVERY OP TIN * A* a rasull f special research work on fin ree*very, Induced by Uia loss nf Malayan tin sunpliss, lha Ausltaltan t'.nmicll for Hclsuliflo and Industrial Research lias dc* . vrhi|ad a uaw urnccsa for estrsctlng tin fmiu lode urea. It Is reported that the new process promises to make possihte ttis a^qarefhm, ffum " lalllugs," uf a large pm |Mirlicu of the tin not previously recover* tile. Pltilalhiii rrptarra Ilia gravllalion 'mellmd now ciisliuuarily rmploycii. Lahore* tury I(rats liavi* Bt'liittivd Ilia nrovi-iy of a high iro|kOillon of uudallir I in fmiu oi uhh'h were iliMnili in treat. It Is now plailffHl tu afUhlieh an MporimeiiUl plan!, and Mr. \V. ll, Witltams, dircctnr nf the TeawiRiilsu Mluaa Deiiarliuaiil, has nlfered his dspsrimtnVa aid In tha ronimcrelal ds* vclojimeol nf lha process, (fnduifr/uf Auf tr*Ua* aad Nisls) Jfaadsrd.) ( \) ( The American Ceramic , Society i February 15,1993 I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume 24,1945, are true and accurate copies, which maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. I cannot verify the accuracy of copies from Chemical Age, Volume 51,1944. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic Information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081-8720 614 890 4700 TWX: 7101109409