Document 6RjjRGQoLLLeeG8y77zLpNLVg

uoc wuil.i : ! Re). No.: ISO/R 1 Ji. ISO international organization for standardization ISO RECOMMENDATION R 160 ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPES 19t EDlTlO N June 1960 COPYRIGHT RLSl'RVFID The copyright of ISO Recommendations and ISO Standards belongs to ISO Member Bodies. Reproduction of these documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only by the national standards organization of that country, being a member of ISO For each Individual country the only valid standard i^ the national standard of that country. Printed in Switzerland Also issued In French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations. ; ft-*.. ...j* CTD028908 BRIEF HISTORY The ISO Recommendation R i60. Asbestos Cement Pi. by Technical Committee ISO/TC 77, Products in Asbestos Cent is held by the Association Suisse de Normalisation (SNV) Pipes, was drawn up lln -relariat of which The ISO/TC 77 Secretariat prepared the first draft proposal, which it circulated, in July 1952, to the Members of the Technical Committee. In the light of the results of this consultation, the Secretariat set up a second draft proposal, which was discussed during the first meeting of ISO/TC 77, held in Zurich, in May 1954. Pursuant to decisions adopted during that meeting, the Secretariat prepared a third draft proposal, which was circulated in December 1954. The observations sent in by various Members of the Technical Committee induced the ISO/TC 77 Secretariat to put forward a fourth draft proposal/ which the Technical Committee accepted by correspondence as a Draft ISO Recommendation, in June 1956. This Draft ISO Recommendation (No. 149) was submitted on 31 October 1956 to all the ISO Member Bodies for enquiry. The results of this consultation having been deemed unsatisfactory, the Technical Committee presented a second Draft ISO Recommendation, which was submitted to all the ISO Member Bodies on 26 June 1959, and which was approved, subject to a few editorial modifications, by the following 26 Member Bodies Australia Austria Belgium Burma Chile Czechoslovakia Denmark Fi ince Germany Ireland Israel Italy Japan Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Union of South Africa United Kingdom U.S.S.R. Yugoslavia Three Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft: Brazil India Mexico The Draft ISO Recommendation was then submitted to the ISO Council, which decided, during its meeting of June I960, to accept it as an ISO RECOMMENDATION t CTD028909 ISO/* 1*0 . 1*M () CONTENTS 1. Purpose and scope......................................................................................................... 4 2. Pipes................................................................................................................................. 2.1 Composition............................................................................................................. 2.2 Finish......................................................................................................................... 2.3 Marking..................................................................................................................... 2.4 Classification anddimensions............................................................................... 2.4.1 Classification...................................................................................................... 2.4.2 Nominal diameters............................................................................................. 2.4.3 Thickness............................................................................................................. 2.4.4 Length.............................................................................................................. 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 2.5 Tolerances on the dimensions 2.5.1 Tolerances on the external diameter at finished ends................................ 2.5.2 Tolerances on the internal diameter (bore)(tolerances of ovality). . 2.5.3 Tolerances on the thickness of the wall ............................................... 2.5.4 Tolerances on the nominal length................................................................. 2.5.5 Tolerances on the straightness..................................................................... 5 5 6 6 6 6 2.6 Tests.................................................................................. ............................ 2.6.1 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test... 2.6.2 Internal hydraulic pressure bursting test.................................................... 2.6.3 Transverse crushing test................................................................................. 2.6.4 Longitudinal bending test ................................ 7 7 7 8 8 3. Joints.................................................................................................................................. 3.1 Jointing...................................................................................................................... 3.2 Jointing rings......................................................................................................... 3.3 Parts of the joints................................................................................................. 3.4 Dimensions.............................................................................................................. 3.5 Tolerances.................................................................................................................. 3.6 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test........................................................ 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 4. Acceptance tests.............................................................................................................. 4.1 Checking on each item of the consignment.................................................... 4.1.1 Finish --Marking--Dimensions..................... 4.1.2 Length --Delivery tolerances......................................................................... 4.1.3 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test.................................................... 4.2 Checking on samples............................................................................................. 4.2.1 Batching..................................................................... 4.2.2 Sampling............................................................. 4.2.3 Internal hydraulic pressure lightness test.................................................... 4.3 Carrying out of tests............................................................................................. 4.4 Access to the works.............................................................................................. 4.5 Costs or testing.......................................................................................................... 4.6 Period for testing...................................................................................................... 5. Acceptance or rejection of the consignment . 5.1 Checking on each item of the consignment 5.2 Checking on samples......................................... 5.3 Manufacturer'scertificate...................... 5.3.1 Orders with acceptance tests 5.3.2 Orders without acceptance tests . . ............................................ ... ............................ .. .. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 II II II II II II II II II II 12 ' 6. Drafting of orders.................................................................................................. 6.1 Fluid conveyed................................. 6.2 Class.......................................................................................................................... 6.3 Length...................................................................................................................... 6.4 Handling.................................................................................................................. 12 12 12 12 12 3-- CTD028910 ISO Recommendation R 160 ISO/ R M - IM* |E) June 1960 ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPES 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE This ISO Recommendation applies to pipes and joints in asbestos cement intended for use under pressure. It specifies certain conditions of manufacture, the classification, dimensions and acceptance tests applicable to these products. 2. PIPES 2.1 Composition Pipes should be made from a close and homogeneous mixture essentially consisting of cement, conforming to the national standards of the producing country, asbestos fibre and water, and excluding material liable to cause ultimate deterioration in the quality of the pipes. 2.2 Finish The interior surface of the pipes should be regular and smooth. Since pipes are to be laid with rubber ring joints, the surface on which the rings rest should satisfy the tolerances for the exterior diameters, set out in clause 2.5.1, for a sufficient length to suit the type of joint adopted. 2.2 Marking Pipes should be marked legibly and indelibly as follows: Manufacturer's mark, Date of manufacture. Nominal diameter, Class. The method of marking should conform to the national standards of the producing country. 2.4 Classification and dimensions 2.4.1 Classification. Pipes are classed according to the tightness test pressure:--Either of the following series of classes * may be chosen: Classes : Series Feet head kgfcm' (approsimatelv) Classes: Scries II kgfcm* Fret head (approximately) 200 6 A. 5 165 ' 400 12 ft 10 330 600 IK c. * 15 495 800 24 Vi 20 660 25 825 * The choice of the cU of the pipes i determined by the purchaser's engineer, who alone is qualified to judge the conditions r>i laying and using the pipes Nevertheless, it is recommended that a clan be selected such that the woriung pressure does nut cscccd half the tightness test pressure (see clause 2 6 1) gjsen for that class. CTD028911 ISO/It IM - MM (I) 1.4.1 Nominal diameterI. The nominal diameter of asbestos cement pipes corresponds to the internal diameter (bore), tolerances not being taken into account. The series of nominal diameters is given below. The dimensions in millimetres and in inches are considered to be "Corresponding values", although they are only approximate. Mffliswirei 50 60 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 Series of nominal diameters Inches (approximately) Millimetre* 2 350 -- 400 3 450 4 500 -- 600 6 700 8 800 10 900 12 1 000 Inche* (approximately) 14 or 15 16 18 20 or 21 24 -- -- -- -- 1.4.SThickness. The actual thickness should be at least 8 mm and be such that the tight ness test pressure defining the class gives, in relation to the bursting pressure (see clause 2.6.2), a safety factor of not less than 2 for pipes up to 100 mm diameter, 1.75 for pipes from 125 to 200 mm diameter, 1.5 for pipes of 250 mm diameter and over. NOTE: The bursting pressure (see clause 2.6.2) should be not less than the working pressure (equal to a maximum o( 50 per cent o( the tightness test pressure), multiplied by the coefficients 4. 3.J and 3 respectively., 1.4.4 Length. The nominal length (length between extremities for pipes with plain ends, effective length for pipes with sockets) should be not less than 3 m for pipes of nominal diameter of 100 mm or less. 4 m for pipes of nominal diameter greater than 100 mm. The nominal length should preferably be a multiple of 0.50 m. t.l Tolerances on the dimensions 1.1.1 Tolerances on the external diameter at finished ends Noalwl diameter* quel to and over equal to and under 50 300 350 500 600 700 700 1 000 Dimensions in millimetres Tokraacea J- 0.6 1- 0 8 1.0 1.2 NOTE: Should the tightness of certain types of joints necessitate more severe tolerances, these tolerances should be specified, when ordering, by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. --5-- '.Hr*. CTD028912 iso/r m. im re 1.1.2 Tolerances on the internal diameter (bore) (tolerances of ovality), (optional test). The regularity of the internal diameter should be checked by means of a sphere or a disc, of a material unaffected by water, which should pass freely along the pipe. The disc should be kept perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The diameter of the sphere or the disc should be less than the internal diameter of the pipe by the following value, expressed in millimetres'. 2.5 + 0.01 d d being the internal diameter, in millimetres. Note: In the acceptance conditions it should be made clear that this test will only be applied oa the special request of the purchaser, to which attention is called in the title by the mention of "optional test". 1.5.1 Tolerances on the thickness of the wall 2.5.1.1 TOLERANCES AT FINISHED ENDS NoaiMl (fcicfcWM * over under or equal to _ 10 10 20 20 30 30 Dimensions in millimetres Tolttum 1.5 + 2.0 i 2.5 3.0 ' Indicated by the manufacturer. The above tolerances are also subject to the provision that the difference between any two internal diameters should never be greater than 10 per cent of the nomi nal internal diameter. rtpt.1.5.1.1 Tolerances on the barrel of the The thickness at any point should be not less than that laid down by the application of the tolerances given in clause 2.5.3.1. NOTE: The wall thickness of a pipe should be not less than 8 mm after application of the tolerance in order to comply with clause 2.4.3. 1.5.4 Tolerances on the nominal length Upper deviation: -f 5 mm for all lengths. Lower deviation: -- 20 mm 1.5.1 Tolerances on the straightness/Tbe deviation j is determined by rolling the pipe under examination on two parallel runners placed at a distance apart equal to two thirds ofits length /(see Fig. 1 .page 7). The deviation should not exceed the following values: equal to or over NouimI diameter equal to or under Dimensions in millimetres MtiWi deviation ) 50 60 5.5/* 80 200 4.5/* 250 500 3.5/* 600 1 000 2.5/* / -- length of the pipe, eapreaaed io metre* I --6-- CTD028913 ISOf R (M . IMt (E) Fig. I 1.1 Tests Any acceptance tests are carried out at the manufacturer's works on pipes which the manufacturer guarantees to be sufficiently matured. There are two sorts of tests: (a) Compulsory tests 1. Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test on all pipes (method as specified in clause 2.6.1). 2. Internal hydraulic pressure bursting test (method as specified in clause 2.6.2; number of tests as specified in clause 4.2.2). (b) Optional tests at purchaser's request 3. Transverse crushing test (method as specified in clause 2.6.3; number of tests as specified in clause 4.2.2). 4. Longitudinal bending test (method as specified in clause 2.6 4; number of tests as specified in clause 4.2.2). 1.4.1 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test. The pipes are placed in a hydraulic press, the tightness of the ends being ensured by an appropriate device. The internal pressure is measured by a pressure gauge calibrated to give accurate readings. The internal hydraulic pressure is raised gradually until the gauge registers a figurecorresponding loathe class. This pressure is maintained for 30 seconds to check that there is no loss or visible sweating on the outside surface of the pipe. The test time may be reduced to 10 seconds without modification of the class, provided that the internal pressure is increased by 10 per cent.. 2.1.2 Internal hydraulic pressure bursting test. A piece not less than 50 cm long is taken from the end of a pipe and immersed i n water for 48 hours. It is put under pressure by a device based on the method of jointing used in actual practice and avoiding as far as possible any axial compression of the pipe, the distance between the sealing rings being not less than 45 cm. measured between the centres of the rings. The piece is submitted to a pressure which is raised gradually and regularly to breaking point. The rate of increase of the pressure is I to 2 kgf/cm* per second. The unit bursting stress /?,. expressed in kilogrammes-force per square centimetre, is given by the conventional formula : R, =^i&l 2e CTD028914 where p -- internal hydraulic pressure, expressed in kilogrammes-force per square centimetre, d = actual internal diameter of the pipe, expressed in centimetres, e = actual thickness of the pipe in the broken section, expressed in centimetres. 7.1S The unit bursting stress R, should be not less than 299 kgf/cm*. I.I.J Transverse crushing test. The test is carried out on a piece of pipe 20 cm long after immersion for 48 hours in water. Strips of felt or soft fibre not more than I cm thick are interposed between the press plates and the test piece. The load transmitted by the press is raised gradually so as to increase the stresses at the rate of 40 to 60 kgf/cm* per second up to breaking point. The unit transverse crushing stress Rf, expressed in kilogrammes-force per square centimetre, is given by the conventional formula. where M R, w M - r^- P(d + e) Z ft P -- breaking load, expressed in kilogrammes-force, d = actual internal diameter of the pipe, expressed in centimetres, e = actual thickness of the pipe in the broken section, expressed in centimetres, g -- actual length of the loaded specimen depending on the section of potential rupture, expressed in centimetres. The unit transverse crushing stress R, should be not less than 450 kgf/cm*. ** Note: The value Rt may be derived from the formula: P(d+e) R. = 0.955 g: c* the values being expressed in the same units. 2.1.4 Longitudinal bending test. Taking into account the practical possibilities ofcarrying out the test and the nature of the bending stresses, this test should be called for only on pipes of 150 mm diameter and less. The test is carried out on a pipe or part of a pipe (test piece) at least 2.20 m long which has been immersed in water for 48 hours. The test piece is placed on two metal supports. The supports are V-shaped with an opening of 120, presenting * face 5 cm wide to the pipe and are free to move in the plane of bending on two horizontal axes 2 m apart (see Fig. 2, page 9). An^ tolerancei on a similar burtiinf stress requirement, when specified by national standards, should not lead to the acceptance of values lower than the minimum indicated in this ISO Recommendation. When national standards specify tests on non-immersed pipes, the unit bunting stress should be not less than 225 Any tokriocei oa i crushing stmt, when specified by national standards, should not lead to the acceptance of values lower than the minimum indicated in this ISO Recommendation. Wbco national standards specify testa on non-irarocraed pipes, the unit crushing mess should be not Was than 500 kgf-an*. --8 .v , v- CTD028915 Dimensions in millimetres P ISO/R IN - !M (K) The pipe is loaded at the centre of the distance between the supports by means of a metal pad having the same shape as the supports, but with a width of 10 cm. Strips of felt or soft fibre not more than 1 cm thick are interposed between the supports and the pipe, and the pad and the pipe. The applied load is raised gradually so as to increase the maximum stresses at the rate of 8 to 12 kgf/cm* per second up to breaking point. The unit longitudinal breaking stress Rlt expressed in kilogrammes-force per square centimetre, is given by the conventional formula: where PJ M= 4 W it (d + 2e)' dl expressed in cubic centimetres, 32 d + 2e P = breaking load, expressed in kilogrammes-force, I = distance between centres of supports, expressed in centimetres, d = actual internal diameter of the pipe, expressed in centimetres, e = actual thickness of the pipe in the broken part, expressed in centimetres. The unit longitudinal breakingjtress R; should be not less than 250 kgf/cm*.* NOTE: The value Rf may be derived from the formula: R, = 2.547 P h(d + 2e) (d + 2e)` - d*' the values being expressed in the same units. 3. JOINTS 1.1 Jointing Pipes are jointed by means of natural or synthetic rubber rings held in place by a suitable device. 1.1 Jointing rings The jointing rings should be suitable for the type of joint selected. If the pipes are to be used to convey drinking water, the rings should not affect the quality of the water. 1.1 Parts of the joints The parts of the joints, other than those made in asbestos cement, should conform to the national standards for the materials of the producing country. * Any tolerances on a bendin* suets, when specified by national standards, should not lead to the acceptance of values lower thaa the minimum indicated in this ISO Recommendation Whan national standards Specify tests on non-4mmersed pipes, the unit benduse stress should be not Ju than 275 Lff'cm1. r* 9 CTD028916 1.4 Dimensions The dimensions of all parts of the joints are those indicated by the manufacturer. 1.1 Tolerances The tolerances on the internal diameter of the joints should be agreed with the manufacturer, taking account of the tolerances of (he rubber rings and the tolerances permitted by clause 2.5.1 for the external diameter of the pipes. I.( Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test The assembled joints should be capable of withstanding (he specified tightness test pressure (see clause 2.6.1) of the pipes on which they are to be used, when the pipes arc set at the maximum angular deviation indicated by the manufacturer of the joints. 4. ACCEPTANCE TESTS Enquiries and orders should state whether the consignment is to be delivered with or without acceptance tests. Failing this statement in the order, the latter is presumed to be with acceptance tests, if agreements on the date of the tests or the nature of the optional tests have been reached between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Otherwise, the consignment is presumed to be without acceptance tests. 4.1 Checking on each item of the consignment 4.1.1 Finish- Marking- Dimensions 4.1.1.1 The finish (see clause 2.2), the marking (see clause 2.3), the dimensions (see clauses 2.4.2,2.4.3 and 2.4.4) and the tolerances on pipes and joints (see clauses 2.5.1,2.5.3, 2.5.4. 2.5.5 and 3.5) may be verified on each item of the consignment. 4.1.1.1 The test on the regularity of the internal diameter (see clause 2.5.2) should be carried out only when required by the order. 4.1.1 Length-Delivery tolerances. At least 95 per cent of the pipes supplied should be of the nominal length (subject to the tolerances given in clause 2.5.4). and the remain der may be shorter by not more than one metre. However, the total length of the pipes supplied should be not less than the length ordered. 4.1.1 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test. The internal hydraulic pressure tight ness test (see clause 2.6.1) should be carried out by the manufacturer on all pipes. The purchaser, if he so desires, may be present while the tests are being carried out. 4.2 Checking on samples 4.2.1 Batching. The consignment is divided by the manufacturer before testing into batches. A batch should include only items of the same diameter and class. The batches are of 200 units. Any homogeneous consignment smaller than this number or any remaining fraction form a batch when they are greater than 100 units 4.2.2 Sampling. The purchaser selects at random the pipes or joints for testing in the ratio of one unit for each batch constituted according to clause 4.2.1. For fractions of batches smaller than 100 units, no sampling is carried out. -- JO-- .. 1 - >,. v CTD028917 ISO/ R tM . 1IM (I| I 4.1.1Internal hydraulic pressure lightness test. If the purchaser does not witness the compulsory internal hydraulic pressure tightness test (see clause 4.1.3), he may. for checking purposes and after giving notice, ask for an additional internal hydraulic pressure tightness test (see clause 2.6.1) to be carried out, but only on a number of pipes selected in accordance with clause 4.2.2. In this instance, the pressure appropriate to the class should be maintained for S minutes. 4.1 Carrying out of teats The tests are carried out on a date fixed by agreement. For the tightness test the purchaser should observe the needs of the manufacturing programme. Unless otherwise agreed the purchaser should inform the manufacturer, when ordering or not later than one month before dispatch, of the other tests (see clause 2.6) he wishes to have carried out. 4.4 Access to the works The purchaser may have free access at any reasonable lime to the place of testing and to the stocks for the sole purpose of inspecting and testing the materials which he has ordered. 4.1 Costs of testing The following tests only are to be carried out at the expense of the manufacturer -- the compulsory tests, -- any optional tests, called for when ordering, -- any optional tests, asked for after ordering, when a test results in rejection of the batch. By preliminary agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser when ordering, additional tests may be carried out at the purchaser's expense, at the works or in an independent laboratory designated by agreement. The manufacturer has the right to be represented. 4.4 Period for testing All tests should be completed before dispatch of the consignment and at the latest four weeks after the date of sampling for the tests provided for in clauses 2.6 2. 2.6.3 and 2.6.4. S. ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION OF THE CONSIGNMENT 4.1 Checking on rack item of the consignment Any pipes and joints which fail to satisfy any of the requirements specified in clause 4.1 may be rejected. 1.2 Checking on samples If any pipe or joint fails to satisfy any of the tests specified in clause 2.6, the tests in question are to be repealed on two further specimens selected from the same batch (see clause 4.2.1), and should either of these further specimens fail any of the tests, the batch may be rejected. 1.1 Manufacturer's certificate 4.1.1 Orders with acceptance tests. If the purchaser or his representative is not present at all or part of the tests, the manufacturer should supply the purchaser w ith a certifi cate showing that the pipes and joints satisfied the tests he was unable to witness. CTD028918 1*0/11 1*0 10*0 (E) 1.1.1 Orders without acceptance tests. For orders without acceptance tests, the manu facturer is considered to have discharged his obligations by effecting dispatch, provided that the pipes have passed the tightness test (see clause 2.6.1) and comply with the requirements of clauses 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. 6. DKAKTINC OK ORDERS The purchaser's engineer alone is qualified to judge the conditions of installation and use of the pipes, therefore the following advice is given solely as guidance when drafting the order. 1.1 Fluid conveyed Because of the special requirements (particularly as regards the rings of the joints), which may arise if certain fluids arc to be conveyed, it is necessary that the nature of the fluid be stated beforehand to the manufacturer. If necessary, the conditions of test for resistance to chemical agents should be, for each case, the subject of special technical directions. (.1 Class It is recommended that a class be selected such that the working pressure does not exceed half the tightness test pressure given for lhat class (see clause 2.4.1). 1.1 Length It is recommended lhat those pipe lengths arc selected which best suit the installation and soil requirements. (.4 Handling 1I t If the consignment is to be shipped overseas or to undergo rough handling, which would subject the pipes to stresses tj which they are not normally exposed, the purchaser's engineer should agree with the manufacturer on the most suitable method for reducing the risk of deterioration to a minimum. For example, a higher class, t giving a greater thickness, might be used, or other special requirements for condition ing included in the order i i I Dale of (he second printing September 1961 Price: S. fr. 6 CTD028919