Document 6RX5MvkB61Mg63Bx7keKkmNaR

FILE NAME: Allis Chalmers (ALL) DATE: 1946 Jan DOC#: ALL006 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Article from Trade Journal - Southern Power and Industry make thi inairiclge jj*r fi Go the whole'way by powering yoMt electnc trocks with lie amazing new P h l! ^Thirty", the " "" i " 1------ 30% longerlife! te wfll sere yoa lico"Thirty" sperificatoa easalbg, iOBfSiorage BfHybivtsion,Trenton 7,N w Jeney j*av. . FOR SO YEARS-ALEADER 1M INDUSTRIAL STORAGE BATTERY DEVELOPMENT ! Y : -- > V - *- W orbing l!nyjbrnaint is Importani 17*1 iM rrt Is a Jiiw w tim t *1 ife# w o rkb o g tw ir p n m e n i-- U x p ro b le m s, th e ir evaluation, and recom m enced rtm iro l. EVBK5T. important factor ik- B y N . ^ H e n d r l e k s fhtgnoing- our fives, and tme ; which is given little .madratifa [ is th e environment in which we Cbfel fingintor Industrial Hjndwn. mark. The general environment Stevie, Georgia Department \ dif-tatea oar requirements as to th e fPauie.Svahh .. Rothes we wear, the food w e eat, ..and to a curtain extent our moile ^ o t firing. The average individual have by these methods been re wut spend at least eight hotira a duced-to a point ol minor signi da? at. some occupation. The re- ficance. As ravilization has pro rfealnlng ptetto of the dap Is gressed with- an acdoarpanying. . Usually spenta t home. I t is obvious. coanjplerityio our living, too neces th at two dfeihuft proKtemx ait en sity for public safeguards in to e vironment exist: die home o r confr- community has been given more mnnifcy, usd the working enVlrcn- and .more consideration. It is only , m art. through these approaches that toe There ere certain safeguards proper public health measures fur thrown about tb s community as the eoromtjntiy cavlronment canhe providing side drinking water,- appUM. proper sewage disposal, collection 7or a number of years, consid and disposal a t other wastes in- eration has been given to toe de wad velopment of certain methods by ' programs. The importance of those which' toe- working environment protective procedure in a , con. of an individual may be modified nnirrity. has been long raeognlzccL or adjusted to m ore' healthful Tbefi flccomplfahaeirt is measured working conditions. Many plant op_- in term s 'd reduced death rates ' emtiona'by the very nature of the tram ' various 'communicable di- ' materials processed arid by to e scse*. Some diseases which in toe .mechanics of toa operation pro past, have' token g reat'toll of.fife duce an atmosphere -of trade' or otherwise harmful substances. The ` final objective in any. industrial, hygiene program is tbo afieviatiup'; of health hazards Incident' to in-, fiustrial .cepsratidns by th use of j scientific methods. . V Occupational Discern Jnfltstrial-ojiteattonsiaapdre to' ' tua- of many-materials; .some of wtolch ate toxic auni'Etoditotonm--;- - to ^ ^ ris-o n iH d M aiP srto fo re erpoEed-'to-toemiIhaiMtiionj toera . am certain physical conditions ; which exercise harmful efforts on ' toe worker. The deleterious effects' > produced- b y these materials and s conditions may, in a hroad|sense, be termed occupational diseases. to some slates, industry hajibeen legally responsible for th e effect . on ton worker Winch' Is thought bout freon such exposures. Where ' legal responsibility has been dedgnatod,codes r scheduleshavs beck, estnhHshed for a rate of eoniperisatftm covering occnxrarional'diseases.. Such cadis vary to m afi inclusive lem to those which cover only ' tr a m M s f t im ta u a th h at vamw , bjsib-TM < m t u m tnncc*iMe v c M a m ru t njr huaciiiby ans s v r womb. in ctaacrfeg fee potentiel de-' vlopment Of ixanjpationl disease*- aod theye^ta^M B tjr and cost in ch}cut, mma g eecB t cannot escape fee tact that fee condition of fee working environment is ait eco nomic factor expressed in terms x/t fee overall cost t `prodnctioa Proper comderotin to fee stat of th e envirom tttat, ia many cases, nizipg fesse facts, management ' tiuwdd take m a y possale means of improving .and oontroHteg fee vrariring. environrnsn.t. Star many*, octupattonat diseases there Is no towwm medicatioe and the logeai method' of control is fee adjust ment of the working environ ment in- order .feat th e exposure from xjrhlcb-ccopstpnal diseases . result may he removed. B eecetsr A d Tb En-riroam ent . The wnrfcjng environmentin any plant WQ[he dpendent on fee . factors! ) m aterials, '(8) process ing method^ and (3) process equip m en t-M W of fee raw and pro*cessing materials nsfed in industry are Bpctteally- torio, and ferie compounds re often liberated as hy-pnjducts- of certain, opetalioas. n i casey th e type m aterial and its presence: in fea-mciiig'afmcphe udii determine fee datence -of a:harard..Fwrtunhtely most pro* cessing materiato a noa-toric. However, w ife ipahy Industries it. is impossible to avoid fee uso of certain spedile compounds' which fumi EMftvAt m ai ms cxhaurihc mot m u nexuss .tawre. are known to produce harm ful' affects on Individuals exposed to them. The method of processing is to partant a it w ill determine the ex tent .to which materials are dis persed into fee working, atmo sphere. Important factors associ ated -wife process methods to. Chide: CO temperatures required to r various operations, CD. agita tion and other mechanical details, and <3) specific operations where by-products are. formed and liber ated. Equipment plays an important nde in determining dspetshm sto eefee design of sud twite m ay. call to r open or closed operations, rotation at-high speed nr close or frequent observation on the part of th e operator- Specific design would determine the extent to which certain control installations safe 'as local- exhaust ventilation m ight be-applied. ' OPttATW B i m i M MC DF CTIWM BUCK IRTO BM miin tnXC* MRS ARB A ttic* UUAUAT1MI f F BUSI ASS FUSOffimVAL so n a Vf i -' - * Et.avir(coment Pr..oibaas irornely Icon. On dry into -the body it exerts on affinity far hetn- ' . SVrraes Fumes are usually assocra^ d i importune^ te induatiy is fttc . mattar .ofcontroTling duri. For- ogtobin. which la about MO tiroes ' -with'welding, cutting, or other t ' tunateiy, ihereare rdattvefcr few tahtereamffeinnidtoyuosfdteoccrye_gaesne"IrnetsfuiletianbgOini.-. teorahtiiognhstewmhpeerreamtuerteas.lsfraorme haenait! type? of t e t whldi arepecifica3 y tolde. The more teopcrtant frozn an ty of the blbofi to carry oxygen dustriait standpoint, lead, rine, i indmtrial stanapoint are Bilica, ag* and produces a reaffi&m of as- eadatiuhn are probably the beste and finely -divided salta of importani, Atmospheric fumes pi 'Cie'nvms conunonirritaate found ted e metfe, sodi ae leacL ibis type are often found around hi industry ipdude sulfur dioxide, pouring of brass, welding or bu Silica and D osi chlorine, ammonia, and. the oxides mg of galvanized metal or on 1 of nitrogen. Although these gas, terapieratee operations inv important t a t -fire standpoint of population exposed- and deserve sore extremely 'tarie; tlwy tie rof- surfaces coated with lead, bearing! fidentiy irritating so that the in-'- .print. t" dividual exposed usually has some The.physiological responseto th e f" more- cocosidcrattoii than those to' wanting aa to their presence. inhalation of these materials maty-* asbestos dost However,-asbestos Under these conditions the worker vary cwhridsrably. Theless rariotsi dost ik just as toodc as .fees-Silica. can awmaHy removehhnsrif from condition is known-as metal fume** .Wherever sand or materials .can- the. exposure before.- too much fever which carries symptoms nff tabling free sllira. are processed, _ dntnage is done. However, those tone oxide. It is of short duration1! exposure to> fhs-dHst"ia' lfeelj' to' materials do occur frequently in and no permanent tissue damage.! rteu3t .This is' especially- trite in - industry and the importance of ex is dune. The more sdrious candl-1 foundry operations, abrasivelean posures to them should not be tlons arise from ihe-exposure t o '1 - ing, blasting, m d -the like. Suffi minimized, femes or metals which, are sperifi- - cient exposure to concentrations Of. .free silica often, media in the pro - Vapors. tally toxic. duction of fibretie gruwftar in the Vapors time from organic com Physical Coadition* long of the exposed individual. pounds bote of the aBpWlc and. Physical condlfems such a s-5 Thterendition is farown s tiHooste aromatic series. They 'pig? a tte> working positions, temperature, and. ia one of the primn disabling snendoutiy important part in mod- bumldlly and abnormal pressures, occupational diseases and lwn cost era production and their-number play an important part in.thc abil industry considerable Bums of and use 'is limited only, by the ity of the worker to produce. The money tor ctanpaBsatfen; ingenuity of-the chemist. They are cptreritan of meb renditions fi - Asbestos dust although specif- used widely'as degreasing agents, primarily a problem of engineerteslljr toxld, 'doest not result- in a ihtermeffiates, solvents and ctean- ing hd -whengreen prtsier consid - mnncrieally' great"nprabc*-of. ex eration w ill do murix. toward in- ; posure! -doc.to ils .infreiiuent in- Most of these materials ere ex creasing production .and low sing ctasiriali' applications. However, in cellent fat solvents, and on entry costa, through iinprovetoant' of"; flier production of asbestos aoth, into the body tend to go to the qtmliiy.of-tiie final production, re- and'ether products,"aceriousprob- nervous System. This la.true of the duction of ^oflagei and increase . lm-.-pfictast controlia presented. - aliphatic sert, including distil in the final plant safety. saCltserptarionduhceeavsypemciefticalstoaxnicd nthaeuisr- lates- and peteutetan, |W n the Evaluation .of Environment tiuna.Many industries employlead satbalnydpthoeinmt oofstpiumrpeotrotxainctitoy, p.trhoebse In order to properly evaluate end cadminut,andtbrir appUsstion material* would include benzol, fis the axpom in an todustriri to plant operation usually results homologues and the- ritibrinated , plant, detailed engineering study in the creation of an actual nr po- ' apormds. Sufficient exposure to and analysis Is required.' Such .a tentkd"exposure. Lead compounds thsacrampoundsresulte in chronic study in .the form of an industrial are particularly important In such disturbance and in some cass dis - hygiene survey is a mechanical operations as the manufacture of ability. means by which the plant. Is ob storage batteries, printing -indus served department by department tries, and the -prodbrfton of paihfe ' Mists for tee purpose of noting occups- or pigments. - Acid.and alkaline mists are-as- amSJ.ljaasriis and .unafepractires Gases Gases are usually testified as either tephyadant or irritant. In dustrially the more important m phystiants include carbon xaonox- sbctetedvrfth plating,' ripping and cleaning. -Chromic add mist is probably the most important of - this dare of material and resulta from'electroplating, anodizing-and rintibw operation. Exposure to so that they spay ty>-appraised. Such a survey should include a work-analysis, analytical procedure rating of -hazards, analyst of.the hazards and reremmmtdafions for control .. _ cysnide. Of these, carbon monoxide occurs mare frequently. This gas is associated-with the combustion of raxbontirious materials and is ex- such ntitta may result- in perfora The Svcok; analysis should be tion of' the nasal septum, and if ' xnade by noting each and every or abrasions are present on job' carried. out in the plant, the exposed parte, ulcere may de method of process, and hazardous velop. to which each worker e i M i r U t a b U f i m t i m ii. m u ip t *iw * m i . j s i s v r---------:-- ~------------- :-------- 1 COMMON PBOCESSJN6 M iim iA l-S T O H SAFS CONCENTBAMON AND P H S I- o l o k ic a x , s y w f t o m s w 8 n & u r. r a j m M .M e o rtw ^ E U p w SK nM M M D O U . BBSPOHEE Xamtn Ammtntotn M i* * ikm la . Owapooad* Bm m Iu Bm a l O rg jio sv&p k u v in tiu j (B tuun!> , * " *: . 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Ac3d ' To>uM Zfeo . iic y i; ^C itici a lte ; . A tctro-jlfaix; m u f t b u r n ; la m a ihm a O tb B o to t: u ljr. tSm o u m t m : n S A c i: toA eU ot; oarbojt tetneK taaU ,/ ifljtr. bro u d stesi; enatmei? tmHtoatbijr . s ta ; |2hi d u ra ti* * ; H i * .- ?oiTM lo!*. fcjn U t o<wwU: ir ; pta 4 i* cn c in iiu tr io . 25i*e>trfc*l eqalpM art; J*oQtM* m fr.* p*>to; v a * reijr. Otrjpwii tfm & H te;. ta tti . M acM nri w rtor parHScatimi; G hltnitifra. ^ ,* * 7 % ^ * * "* * ** Jtrcm tr,, T3ust*Jt*r*ji; IrctrojOalj&K, ptbito p ; tasefnt-. O rgsaia. Ovattari*} lelrs& is TbJm tr i r ac ^ m st- aggi ^ u s r w s s ^ * .. w ta to d * ~ Uk*` ; * i* i J r tr r ; toeoM * * -6 fc " w *? a m p i n m r xup>! w w tw a ia Sswpv 'atom o? hall, id eatiti: instnanwsnt*, nlm cSct' rts> 1#. V o m feitt; Cdm SadasJkTi brasir oU*b- , l a t i W att**. * * ^ ta th S x .g ; c3hatase; pecprrj ftrtttu e rt;. y+G&Sxig,. expltthnNC; c*fate '. .eyirfhd; h i l k e ; te so le ; rtiittlcAl* Solvnat; pofat n& a ra ld i; orgfcab jrr*p ata&mia; ? t j n n l i h ; m bber to u tE T * M iO atgf; itlw afcrfaar, teaw t nmdrf*-- . n tU b f.- * ' O JtJW f/K 20* a o o m a ' 100 s ta t.o n r /P 1 -6 W T ra h e n o t . taL v m Iom k, aaefc M s a t'* M atte <rf (M> Jo** n w m T te l. sa u- t^if K r ta.wr a^ aic ctsa* " " ,U rtaA * H tiO telu . tttia K lu a t <cVtL- U u n te , n a t a , u n , m d fla e . Isw s& ai rw irn tau a * jmlM, e to m * . te ia lk t M I, M e l m i a <. tn im e te , w b IBuv. a M n i. S a . M m lo (ivckv ^sw rtfU tc AMMtoa S a ooaptbM , v a M f aad atravAcr *1 lim n Attuta eArfW p m M * . bUtotfoM cnph, ntwwWffe, obrenio aamt, mmI 3 VntfdbS! alawh. Bevirolii ilU to * . B in a chini*. {LI ms/M* 100 pjatt W - 10-w i# n m DO Blc/Zff1' M 3Mt/M* ' riti, iK a n ai V i *d w otaM e, perfora* of s a n i MtOnn. Sorltotbm #1 *y . * 4 m ttz tta , tu m . n m n r t i n a i H e e p tn ra 1* to d m iim *< ir a o u OOtomM . * je u i iH J ' M T r*-atautni*i U a n e a B m a l H .rr, O ra rti! . hHM hitto. itM rnM m t e t t e h , *m> n S S r a I ^ S T S m a .c tlr a r a kto. OonlmcUrtU, clin i !to n . ttSUa, p rie 1 m . rara m i O m ni; h x d u b n , e c m iU n f g u tlJto. * * l a ' t f immni, tnm or e t hh k a t o aaft.fiM e. W teoB h a * ttto ,'a n r t r t f a a ltra b . 10 w 2.0 ppm eoo ng i or/**- tfeeoefetti* ooufWnr; UryanHI, ' tet>aclismBaaioale, dlctettV t iecrf . A rd e m i oliente te*atMS%. tom eiepaea* B inili. M *y d i teelfe. 0& ih* U n, paia, dtu and oleorattfl* aerwKU rnrtese. K c ttl itane- iervm t M ioa v i ra p ira i017 t tm ciy 3*a*ek, w w i ehm*, pala la ndtKtu h'QTEs & PJ& == R utto ,e Mrtita&ft *** aniBte^ ytrt ,o jrf* U rato. W M A agUIW J *f TMMklM i l b e to n H e t * rf afe * m t/V * ra jJlIcTjrca * f su b ito li* per cable m ater J ij*. . IERN POWER A INDUSTKY fcr JANUARYH94A 75 I i exposed. Teorie m aterials when fer the production engineer, a. trolled b y means of generali present ere Investigated.from th e . means o deceasing die efficiency Infant. By this procedure a standpoint of th e liberation Snip of the particular operation. d ent am ount of -a ir is the atmosphere: physical state, The plant engineer should also into tb e .work area to dilute 'whether or not the employee is re be concerned w ith the industrial contaminant to a point below i paired to be' in the area where hygiene information because the tosto lim it This method has cer-1 this m aterial is dispersed, and tire control procedures applied w ill be tain disadvantages, suck os probable effect on. the individual. based a an analysis of these find- . handling of esceurive.amount ' Analytical procedures usually 3n- togs. The design and installation of d r , and the failure to reduce cost. 4 dnde-the cdQec&xao f field samples such, control procedures as local centratimi of the material a t it* and thair ansflyas and. th e edaspie- exhaust' ventilation should b e. point of liberation. I t is usually at ;, tiem of'other measurements when worked outw ith ttrn plant engineer' or dore to tire p rin t of liberation ' necessary. Atmospheric samples 'to antes that the final installation where real exposure occurs and me collected fro th e breathing may ,be entirely consistent w ith- general ventilation, to most eases, . zone ot 'th e exposed, worker and processing requirements. dees not correct this situation. are takas in such manner as to be Control Procedures bocal exhaust ventilation, offers representative of average working the most -effective and generally conditions,. A cted tempting' and Hazards associated with Indus*' the most efficient means of con- analysis ofthe atmosphere is. the tria l' operations can cBber be trolling individual.-exposures. A ' only .scientSQe- means by which eliminated or reduced to harmless hood or sim ilar'type o f effecting a known exposure may be ae> lim its b y the application,of public device is located as dose as pos curately evaluated. Sometoxtema.- engineering methods. Procedures sible to the point o f liberation of . terinlg make,ihfeir presence known for the control of such exposures the-contaminant and sufficient ate by odor and other properties, but usually consists of one of the fol handled' to order to remove fids these do not offer a means of de lowing: . aatearfed to such a manner -thati t is term ining-their ccnceatrations. , bwlafiou of ib a process, fre not dispersed into, the write area ' . Th* rating ttS a hazard or ex quently job which is productive This type control should remove posure is a measurement to de- of dust or tends to iBsperse other the m aterialbefor* it has an oppor tennm e the degree of a condition materials into the work area can tunity to. come tote the breathing and th e effectiveness, of cxisiing be removed and located a t a.pmnt zone of -cither th e worker oh the control methods. Mndh work has so tin t the liberation .of such ma individual job or the workers to been-done to establishing safe per terial-m il not coritonunatetha gen the rrrondtog area. ' ' % m issible concentrationa fccr some eral working atmosphere, li is oc to considering the mattes -of - of the more common tonic ma casionally possible to close off In local exhaust ventilation,Stis high terials These threshold values of dividual operations so as to isolate ly essential tent trese tostaBatoos fer a means of determining the ex them: from other areas and control be ' properly designed and engi- . teat of Jhcfividaal;eapoBares. By an the exposure. neerccL h i to many cases hoods , awdyriiiof processing methods, ra t * Substitution o f non-tojdc ma and thp. entire exhaust systems ore ' ing of hazards and study of ef terial occasionally offers a good installed by mechanics o r other ficiency of existing, corrective method of alleviating specific ex individuals to the plant and no measures, a baqeKnd for adequate posures. 'Where toxic materials are thought.to-given to their design or conlrol procedures may he estate used and it Is possible to -replace the principi on which they should tithed. *Xu m tet cases protesting them w ith nan-toadc substitutes, operate. Unless such- systems ore methods w in determine lire type th e exposure can be removed to basici on good engineertog design control indicated. . the earnest possible way. there to no assurance that the to- Application of Date We*`methods'can sometimes be slaitotioR win operate to sodi man applied. These are frequently used, 'When the industrial- .hygiene to tife'atana industry to drilling, ner as tb control the exposure. study has been completed and ob croaking, end grifading. Where ma rke n txt article of tWc series wfll servations and date analyzed, It is. terials being processed most be a n le r orctm ie o to o rti e n d thnSU tr to r dustrisl ;usterittt> {heir properties necessary to tm ritete this infor kept in the dry State, this method axd-wet m then Influence the <n~ mtroaltipornoicnetdourteesn.nUs nolfesssptehdefsiet dcoanta is Poebrvsioonuasll-y pdroomteicntaivteed.-equipment -uvstmingmSKtnrtoe, nd health of the worker finally- result to corrective meas- offers an AreeHent control pro ures, a great waste of tim e and ef cedure where the exposure is in fort w ill take place. A tihoueh the frequent or of a short duration. plant or process engineer may not Where th is type of equipment is 1945 INDEX be prim arily concerned with sc- used; care shouldhe exercised m ite A vailable to Subscribe tivities other than strictly process selection in -order that th e equips ing, tins individual shorid. take ad vantage of Information' obtained through the industrial hygiene sur vey. to many .cases, a study of meat used h e ` designed for the particular' exposure. Only equip ment which bears the stamp of approval, of the XT-.S. Bureau of If you keep ycnarbackissues --write tbe editors for a free copy of tins Index. environmental conditions under Mines should be purchased, Bee Pase cc which a Job is carried out w ill - * Some exposures may 'be con. 7S .. 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