Document 6R8YaRYvR0wo1JzXgDd1V8oEE

EEHYL CORPORATION Inter-Office Correspandence To: Dr, W, Be Ligett Frca: Dr. A, S. Hawkes Subject; Discussion with Dr. R. A. Kshoe (September 08, 1957) Address: Address; Date: Detroit Detroit September 195 1957 The following is a suaanery of discussions held here yesterday between Dr* Kehoe and interested personnels lc Separation of lead particles frcsa exhaust. Mr. Hirschler outlined the status and results of his study of filtration and sepruration of lead particles frcsa engine exhaust streams Q It was agreed that the study should be continued to provide data using a larger filter and using a canbimticn of the larger filter preceded by a nail pot. Dr. Kehoe urged the publication of data based on a final report of activity in 'ibis program. Such publication, insures the presentation of reliable data and shows that we are active fn a controversial field. The data may also be helpful to these working an catalytic mufflers, and may stimulate new approaches to the exhaust pollution problem,, 2. Lead in Air-Ksttering lab Work. Dr. Kehoe outlined seme of the studies in the Kettering Labs on the lcng-tena exposure to air-borne lead oxide by laboratory personnel. Individuals have been exposed for 75 hours a day, five days a week in test chambers9 for . periods exceeding a year, to air-barae FoO at lead concentrations up to 75-ipk a&crogrtms per cubic meter without ill, effect. The studies have shown that particles of substantially less than one micron are very extensively (i.e. ca 35-50$) trapped in the lung alveoli where the lead is efficiently and rapidly .assimilated. Above cncMslcroa, the particles can be trapped in the upper respiratory tract (up to 80$ efficiency) and subsequently swallowed* The studies may be extended to include inorganic lead in forms other than FhO* The allowable lead content in air (for industrial standards) has recently been raised frem 150 to 200 micrograms per cubic meter. The mnximm allowable in Ethyl's manufacturing area is 75/43*/cu and the'haemal" in high exposure areas is about half this concentration. The "normal" lead content in human blood is 0.03 ag lead/100 g. blood; a content of 0.06 mg/100 g. indicates severe exposure where toxic effects will be noted. Dr. Kehoe estimated that the odor of TEL would normally be detected at concentrations of 1-2 ppa. 3 Effect of manganese or lead particles in exhaust. It was agreed that we need data as soon as possible cn the effect of manganese fuel additives on the nature of exhaust solids. Engine tests will be 2 run to determine the composition and size distribution of exhaust solids, with fuels containing AP-3 with and without TEL. It was agreed that initially, at least, fairly high manganese contents would he used to establish gross effects. Detroit personnel will decide other fuel factors, such as scavenger, phosphorus, sulfur content, etc0, based on speculated future use. Based on data so determined. Dr. Kehoe will initiate toxicological studies of the effects of exhaust solids an animals ka Smog experiments at Midwest. Dr. Kehoe agreed that further study was not warranted now, but that the study might be reactivated only to answer the need for specific data in the future. 5. Effect of manganese cn SOa-SOg reaction. Dr. Rifkin outlined our recent interest in work of Johnstone of Illinois on the effect of manganese on the conversion in the atmosphere of SO2 to SO3 with ultimate conversion to droplets of sulfuric acid. Johnstone has referred to the effect of K^304 mists in disasters in London, Dcnora, and the Meuse areas. Eaegea-Smit of Cal. Tech, has stated that SGg cannot bo detected in the L.A. area by ordinary analytical methods. Although H2SO4 droplets in the atmosphere do not represent a :thappy situation". Dr. Kehoe does not feel such a condition is a general problem. He pointed out that there is not considered to be much difference in the toxicity of SOa and SO30 It Is generally accepted as "fact" that the nucous membranes instantaneously convert SOg to SO53, although Dr. Kehoe is net aware of how this has been (ctr could be} proved. The effect of manganese on the SO2/SO5 ratio in engine exhausts will be investigated briefly by Dr. Rifkin. 6. Toxicity of AP-3 and AP3 Dr. Kehoe stated that we should maintain the working principle that A?3 has the same order of toxicity as has TEL. He has no data yet on the "chronic" toxicity of AP-3, but AP-3 is absorbed by the body by the same avenues as is TEL. He presented seme LD50 data, which supported these relationships. A complete report of available data will be issued within a couple of weeks. There are no data yet on the accumulative effect of AP-3* or its distribution in body tissues. It is not yet known whether the pathological results are attributable to manganese per se or to AP-3 Dr. Kehoe pointed out that manganese toxicological data are meager, and previous industrial experience is based an mining and milling operations. Dr. Kehoe was informed of our possible increased interest in AP-30 because of the hydrocarbon supply situation. He will take this into account in his studies. 7. APR-.6 as a cutting fluid. Mr. Chalk informed Dr. Kehoe that ve had no insnediate needs for further help on AiR-6 toxicity to permit the evaluation of APR-6 as a cutting fluid additive. Should eaaasrcial prospects for this application appear later, Dr. Kehoe will be so informed, and further studies or recommendations may be Indicated. 0;Vo < i 6r5 O 0 -3 80 Organaaetallics as wear additives in oils, Dr,, Kehoe offered to send us an old report on the toxicity of TEL in lube oil solvents. These data would serve as a guide as to whether this and other organcmetallies could be reasonably acceptable in such applications. If not, we should reconsider our research efforts in this direction*, 9,, Toxicity of AN Compounds, Dr, Kehoe provided toxicity data for a series of AN compounds, taken fTcm a forthcoming report. He also dictated a toxicity statement for these compounds to be used in brochures. This statement has been already forwarded to those concerned, 10, Work ca use of aluminum alfyls. Dr, Kehoe recognizes that the toxicity of TEA and- Mi in concentrated form need not be of concern, because of their spontaneous flanmabllity. He does have same apprehensions on two other counts, however: (a) Are we taking due precautions against fire hazard in the storage and handling of these compounds? Do we have adequate regulations as to containers (type and size), personnel protection equipment, amount of laboratory storage, designated storage areas, etc,? (b) Should Ethyl accept the responsibility for providing toxicity information for solutions of these alkyls where spontaneous flammability is not a problem? Dr, Kehoe feels that if we or our customers use such solutions In future operations, probably we, as suppliers, should be obtaining toxicity information. He would like a statement of policy and reccgnmendations frcea responsible persons (Drs, Beatty andKeher), 11, Absorption of TEL by Gunite liners. Dr. Kehoe has a request from Humble for information regarding the absorption of TEL from gasoline stored In Gunite-lined tanks (lined on sides and top, but not on bottaa). The request asks for advice regarding hazards and pre cautions to be used during entry of such tanks for maintenance and repair, including welding. Dr, Kehoe should be advised of any data we have in Detroit, 12, Toxicity of phosphorus compounds. Dr. Kehoe advised continued precautions in the preparation and famflUng of all phosphorus compounds, especially in exploratory research, The toxicity of such cexpounds varies widely with structure and cannot be reliably anticipated in new compounds. ASH/bbm Distribution H, A, Beatty S. M. Blitzer B. D, Cloason E, G. DeWitt E. J, Gibson i/r . A, Kehoe KE ii: Ca On 6 6 R, V. Kerley G. E. Kirby W, G. Lovell C. M, Neher S. B. Rifkin R, K, Scales A. S. Havkes Fo J. Schroeter C, J. Sprunk R. Sugiaoto T* S, Taylor P, E. Weimer Ho E, HesseOberg ETHYL CORPORATION INTER-OFFICE TO MTo Ro Ko Scales FROM Wo Go Lovell SUBJECT Discussions with Dr0 R0 A* Kehoe ADDRESS Detroit ADDRESS Detroit DATE September 4, 1957 Some of the subjects that might be discussed with Dr, Kehoe on his proposed visit to Detroit about September 18 include: Filtration or separation of lead particles from exhaust Effect of manganese on lead particles in exhaust Manganese particles in exhaust Experiments on lead absorption at Cincinnati Toxicity of AP-3 and AP-3U ^.Johnstone paper on SO? atmospheric pollution 3., APR-6 as cutting fluid \ Effect of manganese on S0p-S03 reaction ; Smog experiments at Midwest f^Work on use of aluminum alkyls S. JToxiclty of AN series of phenols AL Do Ao Hirschler Do A. Hirschler Do Ao Hirschler E0 Bo Rifkin Ho Chalk Eo Bo Rifkin Ho Eo Hesselberg H. Ao Beatty E. Go DeWftrt The names after the subjects indicate the men here who may wish to participate in the discussion0 WGL:deb Distribution: H. Ao Beatty H. Chalk Ro Do Closson E. G. DeWitt Ho Jo Gibson A. So Hawkes Ho E. Hesselberg D. Ao Hirschler Ro A. Kehoe W. Bo Ligeti Eo Bo Rifkin Wo Go Lovell N13340.01 KB 0U i c?307 I ... nil 1 l.u.ui