Document 6R6L27jNbOxYQoKeavB3NByQo

j2,11 ' fUu*> ..Huxley Development Corporation TCLephome: 212 LT 1-0660 Cable address WESTOFF new YORK .Time; & Life Building Rockefeller Center New York 20, N-'* March 18th, 1964 Mr. L. Weaver Research Department Bird & Son, Inc* East Walpole, Maas. Dear Mr. Weaver: Thank yon for the courtesy extended during my recent visit* Pursuant to our discussion, ve are forwarding you a sample of the high density chrysotile material which ve discussed as a possible additive to the asphalt roof coating areas* Ve are also attaching herewith, certain pieces of .literature which we discussed* Ve hope these pieces of literature will be of value to you, and that we will get together again in the near future Very truly yours. HUXLEY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION WID:Jj Encs cc: Mr..C. Hinds 000102 BIRD 015116 .TOSPHONCt LT 1*0660 *:*. ' `-S'' V1*.*' * * ** ;^HHXIEY' DEVELOPMENT. CORPORATION . _.* v 'T\C ' TIME A LIFE BUILDING - r- \*#* '>- : C " Rockefeller center - ,J ^NEW YORK 20. N. Y. , 5. V.V ' T-u', -tiv, * . *r 'w CMtAOOMCSa WESTOFF. NEW YORK May 3, 1962 Bird & Son, Zac. Bast Walpole, Mass. v^"- Attention: _____________ Gentlemen: Mr* H* W. Church, Assistant Purchasing Agent . .i . , ` . .*.*'*.* *' ' !('*,* , '? ' * . We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated yay lat, and are sorry to note that the literature covering the FlnnishAsbestos Fibre was inadvertently not/ included with our letter of April'28th. We are, therefore, Z attachinghereto,the Technical Bulletins which were omitted A .HOVAK :CL/eJ Ends . G0007S BIRD 015117 WJ&*4 \Ei ANTOPHYLLI . nniih'canthopiiyJlilb*hbfS2j; ^ngmfied^40^ilmeT>^}M:H* s picturev 'stews >rcIearlyii1^w'K'' -the hatch; `elastic -fibre opart*.*, .-.into extremely thin filament: J / * *fc:| The Industrial use of asbestos is continually expanding The excellent physical and chemical properties of asbes tos have not been equalled by any other known material. As the use of asbestos has increased, a better knowledge has been gained, and greater utili zation made, of the individual varieties of fibres which in the nature state occur in the form of several different " minerals. Asbestiform minerals include a class belonging to the mineral group of amphibotes. The characteristic crys talline structure of the amphiboles consists of doublechains built up of silica, oxygen and various metals. The shape of the ribbon-like crystal lattice lends itself: to the formation of long, prismatic crystals. Where . geological conditions have been ^-favourable for the formation of fibre's.-the'result has'been a fairly harsh v* . : asbestos made up of extremely thin filaments. The best \ known among the fibrous amphiboles are croddolite, or magnesium content, crystallises In the rhombic system. and is called anthophyllite. Fine-fibre anthophyli-w owing to its composition and crystal structure, tnit its own special properties which set it apart from other varieties of asbestos.. Therefore it hat its own advan tageous technical fields of use. Finnish anthophyllite.asbestos is .richer, in tnagnesijtgt^ ,.than most.known minerals In this^giioup.'vTlrejtfrgrf.* '' . ,. ' ' v 'StaS.*1** contained therein mainly occurs in the crystal lattice m-/~ the non-conductive ferrous state, replacing magnesium In the structure. These factors, combined with Jhe Jo* water content and the-well-formed and finely opeoei ` fibrous structure, _ give it several properties of value- . far manyfold technical uses. Among the most importa*. characteristics could be listed: the pure white colour... the excellent resistance to high temperatures, the excellent add resistance., and the lpw electrical con-- . dudivity. As to mechanical properties the fibre is harsh " and rather brittle, but. it has a wide surfeoe area- endjL' by thin Anthophyllite asbestos has been found In venous parts of the world but greatest use has been 'mad# of the deposits, known for their excellent quality, which are . found in -the heart of Finland at Paakklla in the lakedotted province of Save. Asbestos has been mined there since as far back as the beginning of this century.' The reserves of ore have been found to be sufficient for several decades to come end them is a mill which has recently bean modernized and brought fully up-to date. Production in;the mines end shipment from' the"c harbours in Southern Finland continues ell the year round, despite the heavy snowfalls during the winter The owners of the deposits, a private company called . Rnske Mineral Ab -- asbestos producers since 1917.;.'' -- operate the mine-end market the products through^-; their head office in'Helsinki. Asbestos from Paakklla '' Is exported regularly to many countries. Including most m of the countries of Europe. 000079 BIRD 015118 ~. fj&lrs'd-- ' Stfc V*<&^0 - ;:-tr-.-'` :- ^ r" ri-- -a** .2. *0,"^**q,^.;icm. ... , -.; To wiptww Mw : v v: .'-j i*', thi* filler ,s yELOidcicf A ir. - Uae :o Antiiophyllite-Asbeatps.a.s filler;fqr plastics ronwc: ;c.t of vitivl floo.or :iT:frf : Asbestos ranks amongst the mbat commonly;used fillers in the plastics^ ^ 'industry. Apart from-the generally-kaown-f tounorganidJiJefc. we* 'SjSv. ---------- - i. - ^"TnnpnyiuiB-iB -me maHcaciQ-reiuatant*aaoeatos^-HDreTapaafl itharelor -v..... .-i, ..- ' hiturr,: rntcsuitablel^or^aU.plMt^ftwhlchsmuat haveihlghiChemi.cal,resi^tsmce,^?E; ine roanis;t.r:uip^5^^7;-va ;oi.xne-xeftis'r:an t?*e manutaeture-of lire* ;crma.2dahydi 'X. - 4. Since anthophyllite has a low magnetite iron content, its electrical' bar ic --nesnPertid that tnis-wiJ} rivt toieraie .s-ikaiim- a*icitives;.ior-this reason '. processes. .^ ____ iti* f.'r >-? if---ltcafw7a^jS'k<moI"mrm 4>1ia **!* A* M A*l 4a aW BAt *M vrV^w-r4..-W.-M-M..aA.A..M.?a..M*-oC.,l.L.4.l * -*' ", .-."i :v-s~sV ------- if the rA:.:i^ l'<7txh9n^^!^n^ePient *,^^^^f**:^e}-^Q^.Si'PPea-^ in'anthophyllite fibres.; Lumps in the fibres open up^ more easily than in chrysotile. . ' .3- ;-\ ' zc:v' Li'f>i^L&uis>.v' -! - i- 8. The price of anthophyllite-.is^most competitive owing to the yield per- centage of the products. W000080 For use in plastic products standard qualities PT. 1; PT 3 and MT.',1-are ' w-......................... - ^ w-v v *: ..V. '* recommended. In addition there are many special qualities which either alreadv BIRD 015119 Finnish Anthophyllito Asbestos Technical Bulletin HM> 6 exist or can be developed when required. The mixing of asbestos in plastic binders is usually carried out during the process of manufacturing the plastic itself, since the production of homogenous molding compounds is then easiest. In some cases, however, the filler is added at * the time of the manufacutre of the product, as e. g. in the production of vinyl floor tiles or of such usually cold-moulded thermosetting plastics which, owing to difficulitea in storing the moulding compound, necessitate the mixing and manufactur< of the product in the same factory. . The main field of application for asbestos fillers is in the various kinds of thermoplastics. Cold-moulded thermoplastics, in which the binder maybe different bitumens, pitches, polymerizable"oils and phenol resins, often contain,up to 80-85% asbestos. Asbestos1 adds Considerably*to theirvmechanical strength as-well as to- heat and flame resistance. In'hot-moulded plastics, - too, the use of asbestos is - , common. The most usual'binders in this group are- different phenol -resins and furan resin, melamine and urea formaldehyde.* The'quantity and quality of the. asbestos varies according to.the desired use. Mixing is usually done at the Qf the manufacturing process of.the- resin; -' In the manufacture .of urea formaldehyde it has to be remembered that this will not tolerate alkaline * additive s; for this reason anthophyllite asbestos is particularly suitable for this purpose.-... .-. In thermoplastics the use of filler-is usually less. The addition of .asbestos is possible, however,"when it is :desired to-improve 'the hardness,, heat resistance,- burning rate, compressive strength or arcing resistance of the product. Such plastics include ethyl cellulose, vinyl chloride acetate,-- vinyl chloride and polyethylene. The largest field of application for anthophyllite asbestos within this group is vinyl-baBed floor tiles and covering. The mixing of asbestos in thermoplastics may take place either with the dry binder using suitable mixers, or by laminating it in hot rolls with the plastic binder sheet. 000081 BIRD 015120 c 1 Rnnish y Anthophylfite Asbestos Tachnlcaf Ruliatl C iC C rr 220.2.59 1 To >;! tk9 Use of anthophyllite in acid-resiatant cements, compounds and_ jalastics. Acid-resistant cements, compounds and plastics contain, in addition to the binder proper, various acid-resisting mineral additives such as quartz, diathomaeeous earth, andesite, and asbestos. The pur pose of asbestos fibre is to strengthen the material and to prevent crack ing. It is of utmost importance that the asbestos used in such compounds and cements is acid-resistant, since otherwise the acid will, by corrosion penetrate the entire thickness of the material through capillary passages. The active surface of the acid is thus considerably extended, resulting in greater danger of corrosion and penetration. Equally dangerous are the minute capillary cracks which occur easily if the compound or cement con tains no reinforcing component. For these reasons, acid-resistant anthophyllite asbestos - e.g. grades A 1 and PT 1 - are chiefly used as rein forcing additives in such products. BIRD 015121 i ^ Finnish 4 l Anthophyllite Asbestos Technical Bulletin C (I. 4 <C i< C, 3. ZO.2.59 1 T. To Use of Anthophyllite Asbestos in floor tiles and flooring compounds The purpose of asbestos fibres used in vinyl and other plastic floor coverings is to increase the mechanical strength and resistance to wear of the tiles. Best suitable for this purpose are short, well ope ned fibre products with a loose volume weight of 300 kgs/m^ or less. Suitable anthophyllite fibres are PT 1, PT 3 and MT 1. The hardness of anthophyllite asbestos, about 5.5 (Mohs's scale) is somewhat greater than that of chrysotile (3-4), and therefore its use as filler will give greater resistance to wear. Anthophyllite asbestos i3 particularly well suited as a binder for so-called sarel cement flooring. Sorei cement is formed through a reaction of magnesium chloride with magnesium oxide. Since sorei cement, particularly in the moulding stage or when wetted, shows acid reaction, the use of an acid-- resistant asbestos is most appropriate. Shorter, well opened grades give sorei cement a softish warm lustre; short harsher fibre types such as AA 1 are excellent fillers which con siderably reduce material costs, as well as increasing wear resistance and lessening the danger of cracking. Anthophyllite asbestos fibre can also be successfully used in plastic-based flooring compounds (so-cailed Spachtelbelag)`which are manufactured from plastic emulsions and mineral filler and dyeing materials. A suitable quantity of anthophyllite asbestos fibre will in crease *he strength and wear resistance of such flooring compounds and prevent them from cracking. 00008 3 BIRD 015122 Finnish tf'irrCit Cor- l Use of Anthophyllite Asbestos in foundries The use of asbestos as a foundry sand additive has been described in detail in the September, 1948, issue of "The American Foundryman". In an american non-ferrous foundry (The Slack-Homer Brass Mfg Co., Denver, Colo.), the use of.asbestos.as a foundry sand additive has proved advantageous to the extent .that the foundry regularly uses an addition of about 10 % asbestos in all sands. The benefits thus gained are primarily the- following: 1) Shrink cracks in complex castings of varying thicknesses have been eliminated. The metal remained molten in the risers twice as long as when ordinary sand was used. 2) The moulds retained their shape better. Also large, smooth surfaces, which previously had to be skin-dryed, remained straight without drying. This was ascribed to the reinforcing effect of asbestos on sand. 3) The refractory quality of the moulds was improved and "burning in" prevented. 4) In aluminium castings as smoother surface was achieved than when using sand alone. 5) Asbestos sand can contract a little without cracking. This is of value in the casting of thin, hollow objects. A too rigid core may cause cracking in the casting, especially in aluminium. 6) The useful life of the foundry sand was prolonged when, asbes tos was used. Asbestos also made possible the use of a chea per local sand. Without asbestos the service life of this sand was not sufficiently long, but with a small addition of asbestos itcould be prolonged four-fold. 7) la the manufacture of cores, too, good results were obtained in some cases with asbestos. These include their great strength, light weight, absence of minute fissures, and collapsibility. G000S4 * C Finnish ^ Anthophyltlte Asbestos Technical Bullotin 10 11.3.59 1 / Use of Anthogh'^Uite Asbestos in the paint industry. Anthophyllite asbestos is used as a filler in various paints, putties and adhesives. The fibrous structure of the filler is of considerable ad vantage since it improves the toughness and elasticity of the product and prevents excessive solidification and, by improving suspension, sedi mentation. In addition, anthophyllite asbestos, owing to its non-combus tibility and good heat insulation properties, is a valuable filler in fireres is tant paints. In adhesives, its fibres lower viscosity, resulting in better spreading properties and consequently in lower consumption. The fibrous filler also improves the drying of the adhesive by making the ad hesive film to some extent porous. Infilling paints, putties, adhesives and similar products, short grades, such as PT 1, PT 3, MT 1, AA 1 and AAA 1 are used. In priming paints, filling paints and mat finish paints anthophyllite asbestos is also used in a micro-ground form (about 5 The fibre then improves the structure of the product and lends it a mat finish. 0000S5 BIRD C` c Finnish Anthophyilite Asbestos Technical Bulletin i: <. * c:; ( C i< c oM i*aas .11 27.4.59 1. To oomplal* nm To repfoco M*o Use ofAnthophyllite Asbestos Jn drilling mud The purpose of the mud used in drilling through soft stone and soils is to carry drilling cuttings up* to the surface, to cool the bit and to keep the hole open through blocking up leaks and preventing the walls from collapsing and getting washed away. The mud must be of the cor rect viscosity, it must not cause wear of the pipes and equipment, and it must be re-usable after removing the drilling cuttings through sieving. Asbestos is used in drilling mud because, owing to its fibrous structure, it remains very well suspended and effectively plasters up cracks and leaks. Anthophyilite asbestos is suitable for this purpose, and compared to other asbestos varieties it has the advantage of having considerably higher resistance to corrosive materials. Drilling mud is principally used in rotary drilling for oil; Also in core drilling and churn drilling mud containing asbestos can be used for cementing cracks and blocking up leaks. For drilling muds the anthophyilite grade MT 31 is recommended. 0000SG BIRD 015125 C Finnish c C c 4 t < < < c t , 0*4* 14 27.4.59 2 To mqI Use of Anthophvllite Asbestos in bitumen products Fillers for bitumen products fulfil a variety of purposes. They are used for lowering the viscosity of bitumens to make them solid even at high temperatures and within considerably wider temperature limits than, for instance, bitumen hardened by distillation. In addition fillers slow down the ageing of bitumen and increase its adhesive surface. Further, they can shorten the drying time of bitumens applied by brush. Through the use of fibrous asbestos fillers, a significantly higher degree of toughness and strength is achieved, particularly against tension, bending and impacts. Thus capillary cracks, from which the decay of bi tumen products begins, can be avoided. Bitumen products are also to a large extent used for various acid resistant purposes, and here the use of acid resistant fillers is of paramount importance. Among the anthophyllite fibre grades suitable for various bitumen products the following could be mentioned: Bitumen putties, used in concrete constructions for filling in ex pansion seams, cracks and caverns, for sealing window and door frames of steel, for chassis protection of motor vehicles etc. are usually made from asphalt, short asbestos filler and longer, reinforcing asbestos fibres. Suitable grades for fillers are MT 3 and AAA 1, and for reinforcing A 1. FT 1 or AA 1. Bitumen lacquers contain as additives chiefly short dust grades such as MT 3 and PT 3. Bitumen lacquers are used for corrosion protec tion of iron structures and steel pipes to be buried underground, and for making concrete surfaces acid resistant. Bitumen products made by pressing, such as battery boxes, floor tiles and various brake and gasket articles, contain a relatively large amount of reinforcing fibre. For this purpose the grades A 1. AA 1 and PT 1 can be used. 00.0.087 BIRD 015126 Finnish Anthophylllt* Asbaatos TaChntoai KuiUtln 14 2 In moulded asphalt, e. g. in roof cdatings and the outer coating in roof felt, short filler-type fibre grades are U3.ed, such as MT 3 and AAA 1 On the upper and lower surfaces of roof felt coarse or fine powdered as bestos is often sprinkled, e.g. HJ, HJHJ or AAA 1. Such a coating facili tates handling of the felt, increases its weather resistance and reduces fire risk. 0000S8 BIRD 015127 -1 Finnish 't> c afi 16. 18.8.59 3 To oomp/i Mn> To ropt* Mio Classification, Quality Control and Samglingjof Finnish Anthophyllite Asbestos Commercial classification The classification of asbestos fibres according to the length is generally carried out by sieving in the Quebec Standard Testing Machine;'' v For short grades the Rotap-Testing Machine is also often used. A sieve test is a relatively quick method of analysis- and,if carried out.correctly, can be reproducedireasonably well. Its value.as.a measure: o vthe^abso- .o,`.^ lute fibre lengths is, .however, highly questionable, since the sieving re sults greatly depend on the special characteristics of the fibre, such as the way in which the fibres form balls, how easily they "dive" through the sieve mesh', to:what extent longer fibres carry wittT them shorter ones and dust, etc. ' The: test conditions/ too; such as humidity, the conditionr' of the machine and the sieves etc.', can have a considerable influence on the sieving result's. The true ieagths of asbestos fibres'can be measured with reasonable degree of accuracy only by very laborious scientific methods. In the classification and quality control of Finnish anthophyllite asbestos the Quebec Standard Testing Machine is used. The producer endeavours by all possible means-to maintain his'own machines so as to conform the test results-as accurately as possible with the standards ofthe Quebec Asbestos Mining Association. In comparing the sieving results for anthophyllite with, for instance, those for chrysotile, it must be noted that the anthophyllite fibre has a greater tendency to "dive" -through the sieve mesh. Shipping test. The shipping test for each shipment of fibre to the customer is the average of the tests of the composite samples of the shipment. 000089 BIRD 015128  II =* Mill! lUMlIJf""' ^i---J--/ ews 16 *" 2 The composite samples are to be taken as follows: Composite samples and tests *1` iircMC'is; a) Long grades (1^ and corresponding or longer fibres): Out of each and every lot of 100 sacks, a handful of fibre is-taken, from every .fifth sack. The sample thus obtained (20 handfuls) is mixed and divided up, and the test is carried out. b) Medium and short grades (A 11 and corresponding of shorter): Out of each and every lot of 200 sacks, a handful of fibre is taken from every tenth sack. The sample thus obtained (20 handfuls) is mixed and divided up, and the test is carried out. Whenever possible the sample has to be taken from the middle of the sack. The samples must.be well mixed, the lumps broken up, the samples halved and allowed to adapt themselves to the temperature and humidity in the testing room before the test is made. -M----i-n--i-m----u--m-----s--h---ip--p----ing6--t-e---s--t-s- i.;u -i; >i :r .. . ''The producer of Finnish- anthophyllite controls each shipment .by comparing1 it with the minimum specifications of the Quebec Standard Test which have been set out, separately for each grade, in Bulletin No 18. The sampling is presumed to have been carried out as explained above. The minimum grade requirement consists of the minimum value of the sieve fraction which remains on the first and second test sieve, and the maximum value of the fraction which remains on the bottom of the series of sieves. Special teats The producer carries out several special tests at the mill. The mill quality control has been,extended beyond the minimum requirements for each shipment mentioned above, since a sample is taken from every sack, and the composite sample of 20 sacks is tested. For customers using fibres in small quantities such detailed control is of great value. It is natural, however, that the sieving results cannot be obtained for every sack separa tely. In addition to the Quebec Standard Test, a 15 min., 100 gr. Rotap test is made for each shipment. This is particularly used for checking the quantity of the powdery matter which has penetrated all sieve meshes. If 000090 BIRD 015129 Finnish inlosU desired by the customer, the Rotap test caa be more widely applied for W (. i# ' selecting of producing the correct product according, to the.-requirements of the customer. ........................- * . For each batch to be delivered, the internal quality control sys tem of the mine further comprises testing bf the fallowing properties: Grit content Density Wet volyme Settling speed Colour and in special cases: ; ' -O .* filtering properties-,. -1 - -hen the sample* sieving results ttiriiAcd ?.-'.Aci<i -, solubility ............... - ***: various .:cc c. -. Opexmess. . ... i-oti* J- "y- > * l i The .rejeultflipf-theses test are for internal control, and their publication without detailed test specifications serves no useful purpose.- The mill is, however, prepared to carry out on behalf of its customers various checks on fibre properties, naturally provided the costs of these remain* within reasonable limits. , . .jjorytis1** r-*.-- anthc-pt--.tr" , .? ' VV*? l- .- ``tus l^ur-d to be coi.< 000091 BIRD 015130 ' * ^ Finnish * O ^ Bt1 Ant_hop' h ylllto Asbestos "... v * f '1''^ 0- ' `r^^^SSSHB^ Sect". ;'?SfiSISte*' 5 ' rt <$ fiin* To To ... ,-. Report on Moisture Absorption by Chryaotile . ' "and ' Anthopfayilite Asbestos . # '; ..?.. r- -.r .`v.1*.> . - For the teat chryaotile asbeatoa grade 5 and Finnish anthophyilite eradeA 1 ** * I'tt ***,{ *.* .v- i`, dy "*, . "** J ' , 1 ^ ; t were used. When the samples had passed through a drying oven, they were stored over various saturated, solutions of salt. The temperature was <>* a*t* a**c---o--n--s--tant +4*2200 C# The moisture absorption was measuredj-^--' remained unchranged. ...................r-. Technical data; Salt Relative humidity kno3* Mg{N03)2 96 7* 55 % Moisture content of chrysotiie 2.53 % l.oi 7o Moisture content " ' of A 1 .: ' o. % 0.38 % - W ^ ' =.- Li Cl* 21^0 14 7a 0.72 7a- 0# 32 % c * tv.*; " m The moisture absorption for anthophyilite asbestos was thus found to be con-! siderably smaller than for chrysotiie asbestos. 000092 BIRD 015131 000093 BIRD 015132 BIRD 015133 25 BIRD 015115