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"FREON11 PRODUCTS LABORATORY E. I, du Pont de Nemours & Company
TECHNICAL REPORT
Report Number: Subject:
Comp any : Bv: Object:
KSS-43B6A
Flammability Properties of PRopellent Blends
"Freon" Products Division
P. A. Sanders
Date: August 13, 1963
To report miscellaneous flammability data for various propellent blends. These data were obtained since the last report (KSS-4386) on the flammability properties of propellent
blends.
Results:
The following data were obtained:
1. The flammability limit curves in air of the following propellent blends :
a. "Freon" 12/isobutane blends
b. "Freon" 12/"Freon" 11 (50/50)/isobutane blends
c. "Fre on"12/propane blends
2. The lower flammability limits in air of "Freon" 12/"Freon" 11/ ethyl chloride blends.
3. The flash point of some common propellent blends.
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I. Flammability Limits in Air of "Freon" Propellent/ Hydrocarbon Blends
A. Procedure and Apparatus
The flammability limits in air of the various "Freon" propellent/hydrocarbon blends were determined with the modified closed drum apparatus using match ignition. This apparatus has been described in a previous report (Reference 1).
In order to obtain sufficient data to construct a f1ammability limit curve for the blends , varying concentrations of- "Freon" propellent/hydrocarbon blends and also the hydrocarbons alone were discharged into the drum. The gas mixture in the drum was sampled for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis, after thorough mixing, and then tested for flammability using match ignition. If no explosion occurred, the drum was aired thoroughly and a larger quantity of the "Freon" prope 11ent1nydrocarbon mixture was discharged
into the drum and the mixture again tested for flammability. This procedure was repeated until an explosion was obtained. Only two gas samples were analyzed for each propellent blend - the mixture that exploded and the mixture immediately preceding that did not explode. This procedure has been described in detail in Reference 2.
By using a.variety of blends having different "Freon" propellent/hydrocarbon ratios, it was possible to obtain a number of different concentrations of the mixtures in air that were both explosive and nonexplosive. These data were used to construct flammability limit curves in air.
B. Construction and Significance of the Flammability Limit
Curves
_________________________________
In order to construct the flammability limit curves in air, it is also necessary to have both the lower and upper flammability limits of the hydrocarbons alone. The lower limits were determined using the modified closed.drum as dexcribed above. The published values for the upper limits were used in the curves (Reference 3). A comparison of the published values of the lower flammability limits of the hydrocarbons (Reference 3) with the limits that were obtained with the closed drum is shown in Table I and indicates that the agreement between the two sets of data is quite good.
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ydrocarbon
TABLE
Flammability Limits of Hydrocarbons in Air
Lower Flammability Limit (Vol $ in Air)_________ _
Modified Closed Drum Published Nonsxolosive Explosive Data
U~.t>er Flammability
An.AX.zl
Published Data
rope
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soourane
.7 8,4
The data are illustrated graphically for the following ''Freon'5 prcpellent/hydrocarbon blends:
1. ,!Freon-12!'/isobutane--------- Figure 1
2. "Freon-12V"Freon-11" (50/50}/isobutane ------- Figure 2
3. "Freon-12"/propane ------- Figure 3
On each graph, two different "Freon" prcpellent/hydro-
carbon blends are shown. in which the ratios are shown in wt fo. The concentrations of the hydrocarbon in the blends differ by lf0. The
blend with the higher concentration of hydrocarbon was found to explode in the drum while that with the lower concentration did not explode at any concentration in air. This is the lower flammability limit of the "Freon" propel1ent/hydrocarbon blend and these data have been reported, previously (Reference 1). Since the blend with the lower concentration of hydrocarbon did not explode in air, the flammability limit curve cannot intersect this line since the line represents nonexplosive mixtures. In drawing the flammability limit curves, therefore, the lower limit was drawn to a point close to the lower flarmnability limit line and then curved and extended to the upper flammability limit of the hydrocarbon alone.
A line is also drawn on the charts which indicates the
compositions of blends having a concentration of 13 volume % in
air. The reason for this is that it indicates which particular blends may be shipped as nonflammable. According to Agent. ?. C. George!s Tariff No. 13* Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations* paragraph 73.300. a compressed gas is classified as a flammable compressed gas if:1 2
(1) A mixture of 13$ or less (by volume) with air forms a flammable mixture or.
(2) the flammability range with air is greater than 12 per cent regardless of the lower limit.
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Volume P c e n t Is o b u ta n e
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Volume Per cent :,Freon-12'
Volume P er c e n t Is o b u ta n e
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Volume Per cent "F-12"/"F-ll" (50/50)
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References.
- U O Om. O.... -fi-/
o KSS-iSyoi q Matheson Gas Data Booh, The Ma'thescn
Company . Incr, IS61 , <. < Bureau of Mines Repcrc RI 4502
5- U'13-5' T ; 334 - I Memo, BTh o.ecl to ?A.Sanders, 1,319/33
Period Covered by '> Chemist!s' Time; Technician-* s Tima: l Total Cost: District:
Class: Investment Account: Classification: MSS Dace: Date Typed:
Wo ram o faUs
2/14/63 - 7/12/63 10 hours 4-2 hours
/ ): : Wilmington 11
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Ore hem, W i lmingt on Jr. - Ore hem, Wilmington R. Wright - Orehem, Wilmington
nFRED'S* PRODUCTS LABORATORY CHESTNUT RUN
January 29. 963
TO /. A. SANDERS FROM: / F. T. REED
FLASH POINT OF NONFLAMMABLE PROPELLENT BLENDS
At the Ponte Vedra sales meeting I mentioned that I was concerned about the flash point of the so-called nonflammable - propellent blends v;hen the flash-point method prescribed by the New York City Fire Department is used. Would you please select a few blends which are near the borderline of being nonflammable both as.gases and liquids and run flash points on these blends starting at -50F.
Our data implies that these blends would have no flash point but we cannot be certain of this when the flash point is started at -50F. In developing our data on flammable fractions I believe the starting temperatures were much higher than -50F; therefore, it is possible that a flammable fraction could be produced at a lower starting temperature. If this is so, the blend would be considered flammable or extremely flammable by the proposed New York City Fire Department Regulations.
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