Document 6K97z8aLe7NQa3yeN3gx9Kp9

'TOOMO. Aodareon. D. W.; tfldtey. I. X4 RMiwAL Kutftcs. D. F.; Chilili--n. kl- IP"*- * WBdfilb Eeofegy, 704)450 Moiilto3hf ami Residues u. of Wisconsin. Madison, Wit. 53706). Significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues 10 breeding pelicans and comwsnts. Cm. FicldNat. 83(21: 91-/12; 1969. (65 references) The levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons present in eggs and spring foods of doubla^rested cormorants (Phtkcrvcomx nuritu1) and white pelicans (Ptltcanut crythrorhynchos) arc reported and the effects of these residues on the reproductive physiology of these species are discussed. Sampling was conducted in the summer of 1965 on 19 lakes end impoundments in 10 watersheds of the prairie states and of provinces of Canada. Pesticides used locally in most of the study areas included most commonly DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, savin, toxaphcnc and mercury seed dressings. Industrial pollutants included the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCfls). A total of 329 fish were pooled for analysis and 89 cormorant and 54 pelican eggs were collected and analysed by the methods outlined by the U. S. Pood and Drug Administration U96S). Recoveries, using this procedure, from egg and tissue samples spiked with DDE, TDE, DDT or dieldrin with levels greeter then 0.05 ppm were found to be 85 to 100%. In order to separate the PCBs from the chlorinated insecticides, five extracts of eggs were randomly selected from the original series, rerun spin on the gas chromatographs in 1969. titan treated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and analytad again by gat chromatography. Results showed that there was no significant PCB interference in the determination of DDE. No fish pools spptoachad levels greater than 0.1 ppm of DDE and no ditldrin values for fish exceeded 0.013 ppm. Heptachlor epoxide, endrtn, aldrin and toxephene were not detected in any of the fish pooh. PCB residues were detectad in all Ah samples in trace amounts. The mean residues for cormorant and pelican eggs wart higher than those for fish. Diekfarin, DDE and FCBs wart universal In aU the egg pooh, whereas heptachlor apoxida (0.3 to Oi ppm) was dtttctsd In only three cormorant egg pooh. The highest cormorant and pelican egg residues were 4S.0 and 441 ppm of DOB and 28 ppm and tract amounts of PCBs. respectively. The residues were low enough to eauee no alarm from an acute toxfctty point of view. The major interspecific differences between the egg residues in pelicans and cormorants wart probably dua to dissimilar nonbreedbigtrca exposures. The correlation coefficients suggest that in both spades measurable declines In shell weight end thickness can bs relstad to tha lowest residues of DDE and PCB. Thnre dues not appssr to be a minimum effective level concerning changes in eggshell. In general, the population status of a given ootony can ba relatad to tha residues snd shell thteknsas of the eggs from that colony. Other ecological factors complicate tha situations and probably modify them. 704)450. Mestres. R. (Facuitc d* Pharmacia. U. of Montpellier, Montpellier, France). Pesticides in citrus fruits m the Pteneh market. Prvc. Intern. Citrus Symp.. 1st, Rtverskte, CM, 1968. 2:1035-42; 1969. (30 references) The pesticide residues in citrus fruits sampled at the wholesale level in France were investigated. The extraction of a weight of rind equivalent to 75 g of whole fruit was fleas performed with isopropyl alcohol followed by purified petroleum ether. The ether phase was separated, dried and concentrated to 7.5 ml. Five mi of this extract (equivalent to 50 g of whole fruit) was used lor gas chromatographic analysis of three different eiuates from s Fiorisil column (Mestres, 1967) and unactivited with 5% water before use (Moats, 1963). The first eluate given by 100 ml of petroleum ether separated sulfur and 13 commonly used chlorinated pesticides. The two following eiuates. each one obtained from 50 ml of e mixture of petroleum etherOiethyl ether (80+20) separated two other groupe of products which are tabulated. Date present tha minimum amount detected by chromatography, tha recovery and the theoretical minimum detectability. Recoveries generally averaged between 80 to 90%. The identification was achieved by three specific rtiromeregrephU detectors: nrtcrocoulometric with the silver then with dip suitor ceil and thermionic according to CiulTrida (1964) with home-made potassium carbonate fused tip. Thbty-ntef pesticides, most of which ere generally ueed for citrus production, were satisfactorily recovered. The residues in citrus fruits were low snd often nil. Smell residual of pcrathksn, ethion, fenitrothion, methyl perathion, Kelthans, lindane, dieldrin, tedion and dichfofluanid ware detected. For the determination of biphenyl and o-phenyl phenol, 12 g of dropped rinds were first treated with isoproflenol and cyclohexane and than reextracted with cyclohexane. Screening for biphenyl wee performed by gas chromatography of the cyclohexane phase. Subsequent quantitative analysis (85 to 95% recovery) wee done by ultraviolet spectrophotometry oft dichromete-oxidized cyclohexane extract. Recovery of o*phenyi phenol by a described method was 73 to 81%. Dote demonstrated that Spanish exporters do not uaa biphenyl, bin use 0phenyl phenol. Thh compound was found In a UmHad number of samples from Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Biphenyl h greatly used in Israel. Cyprus, Italy and Cloaca. Tha mean value was 33 ppm for lemons imported from Cyprus, Italy end Greece end 36 ppm for thorn from hnal. Residues over tolerance were found with increasing frequency (in 6 to 17% of the samples) in citrus fruits imported from Italy, Cyprus. Greece and Israel. o-Phenyl phenol was fouod hs very low residues from these countries, although 11 ppm was found hi one sample. See alio 704M21, 704)426, 704MJ3, 700434, 704)499. 704)508, 700504, 700524, 704)531. 704)536. 700537. 700138, 704)547, *04)548, 700549, 700550, 700553 142 HONS 083036