Document 6ByB7wxgQ85qvzbeNk2ZN86g4

M S L& Q lM d flUA THE SOCIETY OF HE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, INC. fl 250 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 212/687-2675 May 6, 1974 CHEMICALS RESEARCH MAY 9 1974 TO: MEMBERS OF THE VINYL MONOMERS AND PVC PRODUCERS AD HOC COMMITTEE Gentlemen: The attached questionnaire is an attempt to gather some data which could be used in a presentation at OSHA hearings on a permanent standard for vinyl chloride monomer. The basic concept is that there are many polymerization and monomer plants in which there have been no cases of angiosarcoma. We must show that significant numbers of people are involved and that these people have been exposed long enough for the disease to become evident. We must also try to show what degrees of severity of exposure occurred in these opera tions. We must at least derive the implication that TWA exposure levels were at least 50 ppm and possibly higher. Since we do not know when a permanent standard will issue, we must plan for the worst and handle this like a "crash" program. Please try to complete this form and return it to SPI offices by May 15, 1974 at the latest. Cordially, ft Thomas J. McGrath Director of Packaging Services TJM/nm att. VRD 0002007519 1GS9G PR *>::D RULES (c) The Deputy Administrator. Vet have been occupationally related. As a the level, from a ceiling of 509 p. v, t-' 50 erinary Services, upon request to him. result of this notification and after con ppm cciiing. It was expressly tvo ... t d may approve other identification systems sultation with the National Institute for that this standard limit.r.r c::i-:-' . w- to in specific cases and under such condi Occupational Safety and Health a 50 ppm level was intended lo be a ten tions as he may prescribe if he deter (NIOSH), and a joint inspection of the tative, interim standard, to bo in erect mines that- such systems provide the plant by OSIIA, NIOSH, and the Ken no longer than six months, during v.a.wii neces. try information allow for trace- tucky Department of Labor, a fact-find time the whole question ol pos.sii.'c sale back ui the sv.me to : .r herd of origin. ing hearing on possible hazards involved exposure to VC would be ivco/.: idcr-.-.i Any person who \vi:ws to submit writ with the manufacture and use of VC more fully and in the light of n.'-ro in ten data, views or aiy nnents concerning was announced cn January 30, 1974 (39 formation, especially results of experi the proposed amend. . lit may do so by Fit 3874) and livid on February 15, 1974. ments winch were known to be under film them. with Deputy Administrator, 2. Carcinogenicity of VC. Information way at that time. Vclcii.. 1 ry Services, Animal and Plant produced at this hearing demonstrated 4. Addiiio?ial information. On Ann] 13. Health Inspection Service, U.S. Depart that exposure of laboratory animals 1974, information and data viie pre ment of Agriculture, Hyattsviile, Mary (mostly Spraguc-Dawley rats) to VC by sented to representatives cf 0211/., land 20752 before August 12, 1974. inhalation at and below the then current NTOSH and the EPA by the Industrial All written submissions made pursuant OSHA standard of 500 ppm induced Bio-Test Laboratories, Nortnbiuo-:, Illi to this notice will be made available for public inspection at the Federal Build ing:. G505 Bclcrest Road, Hoorn 870, tumors, including angiosarcomas of the liver. Professor Cesare Maltom, of the Instituto U. Oncologia, Bologna, Italy, nois, concerning results of animal ex posure studies with VC, sponsored by the Manufacturing Chemists As:- r.daUon Hyattsviile, Maryland 20782, during reg reported on a series of experiments on (MCA). Although only preliminary in ular hours of business <8 a.m. to 4:30 pjn., Monday to Friday, except holidays) in a manner convenient to the public business (7 CFR 1.27(b)). Comments submitted should bear a reference to the date and page number of this issue in the Federal Register. the effect of exposure of rats, mice, and hamsters to VC at concentrations of 10,000; G,000; 2,500: 500; 250; and 50 ppm for varying period.) of time (TRr43-G3). Some of the experiments have been concluded, and others are still on going. The experimental results reported nature. thc;-e results revealed that 2 out of 200 mice exposed to VC concern, vr.: of 50 ppm for 7 hours a day, five days a week, for approximately 7 mom ns, de veloped angiosarcomas of the liver. The Industrial Bia-Tcst Lab data in dicate that exposure to VC at ZQ pi-m Done at Washington, D.C., this 7th day of May 1074. PiirrC A. Ciialoux. Acting Deputy Administrator, 'Veterinary Services, Animal ' and Plant Health Inspection Service. were that tumors have been observed in groups c; animals exposed to VC at con centrations as low as 250 ppm. No tumors were observed in the group of animals exposed to VC at a concentration of 50 ppm. It also appears that the total num ber of tu ors, as well as the numbers of angiosarcomas of the liver, decreased may well constitute a serious health haz ard to employees. A2so. the question a safe level of exposure for humans c/.'Pnot be determined at this time, and r.,: y continue as a matter for sf icnt.f.r de liberation for many years. We therefore conclude that it is now necessary to pro pose to change the 50 ppm level estab [Fit Doc-74-30832 Filed 5-0-74;8:45 am} as the concentrations of VC were reduced lished in the ETS to as low a level as can to 250 ppm. Another experiment by Pro be detected using methodologies outlined DEPARTMENT Or LASOri fessor Maltoni was reported underway in tills proposal. involving the exposure of 300 animals (5) The proposed permanent standard. Occupations! Safety and Hccftfi Administration to VC at concentrations of 50 ppm. in The requirements for a complete stand order to assess in a more definitive way ard under section 6ib) of the Occupa [29 CFR Part 1910] {Docket G3H-3C] whether that level of exposure produces tional Safety and Health Act of 1510 tumors in animals. Data reported by are much more ccmprehcn.-,ivo then the Torkclson, Oycn and Rowe (American provisions of tlie ETS promulgated cn VINYL CHLC DE Industrial Hygiene Association J 22: 254- April 5. The following proposals are re Proposed Standard 361 (1DGD) indicate that exposure t-o sponsive to the additional information VC at concentrations of 50 ppm failed to on the carcinogenicity of VC, and tire 1. Background. Vinyl chloride (chloro- induce tumors m rats, hamsters, rabbits, requirements of the Act. ethene) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75015. is a synthetic chemi cal made by oxycbloiination of ethylene or by hydrochloi .nation of acetylene. It is the parent compound of a senes of Ihemoplastic resin polymers and co polymers which arc widely used for con tainers. wrapping him. electrical insula tion, pipe, conduit, and a variety other products. Vinyl chloride has been made commercially in this country since 1939 and present production is .in excess of seven billion pounds per year. Vinyl chloride (VC) is a gas at am bient temperature and pressure and is a chlorinated hycir. arbon which has moderate liver toxicity. The previous standard set a ceiling value of ?C0 parts per million (ppm) (23 CFR 1910.93, T.mle a-i). On January 22, 1974. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSIIA) was informed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH' mat tiic B. F. Good rich Chemical Company reported that deaths of severs] of its employee, from and dogs. The employees of the B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company who died from angio sarcoma of the liver had an average ex posure of approximately 19 years to vinyl chloride, at unknown concentrations, and variable exposures to otiv v volatile chemicals. (TR 93), Some employees of Union Carbide, Firestone Tire and Rub ber. and Goodyear were also reported in post-hearing comments to have had ex posure t-o vinyl chloride and to have died from angiosarcoma of the liver. Finally, autopsies of four deceased employees re vealed their liver angiosarcoma tumors were histologically indistinguishable from the angiosarcoma tumors observed in Professor Maltoni's experimental animals. 3. The Emergency Temporary Stand ard. On the basis of all information available at that time, and the fact that employees were being exposed at levels around the cxpCTimentally observed elfeel level of 253 ppm. an Emergency Temporary standard (ETS) was promul gated on April 5, 1914 (39 FR 12342) as A. Level of exposure. The proposed standard for employee exposure is set, at no detectable level, as determined by a. sampling and analytical method capable of detecting vinyl chloride at concentra tions of 1 ppm with an accuiacy of i ppm-50 percent. Although mo, e .scr..-,live methods may be available now or m the future, the methodological ren.uih ity proposed appears to be the most fcm.hbc and generally available. A method of 1 ppm sensitivity has been recommended to OSl-IA by NIOSI-I. To minimize the number of persons at risk, a require ment would be established for regulating areas where vinyl chloride is nuunu.n lured, reacted, stored, handled, rehv -. da repackaged, or used, including opera tions with polyvinyl chloride ConU.inhr: detectable levels of vinyl cLlcuhe. Act s to the areas would be limited to author ized employees. lh Monitoring. A program cf monitor ing would be required to cahu.h h whether there arc detectable levels :u regulated areas and to pernat tietcriuh'.:.- lion of employee exposures on an in a rare liver cancer (angiosarcoma) may 29 CFll I91U.93q. This standard reduced dividual basis. Provision would also be FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 39, NO. 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1974 VRD 0002007J20 PRO LD RULES 1GS^ rr.ade for an opportunity to observe record to an employee's physician on the (5) "Decontamination" means red' monitoring by employees or their desig employee's request. Establishments con t-ion of vinyl chloride concentrations to nated representatives, as required by sec- ducting VC operations would be required less than detectable levels. tion8<c)(3i of the Act. to identify themselves to OSHA, and to (6) "Detectable level" m -.ins an air C. Control methods. Where detectable report incidents (accidents) resulting in borne concentration of vn-yl chloride levels of VC are monitored, two pro grams would be triggered; an engineer ing and work practice program to induce levels below oetectability; and while this is on-;-' ng, a respiratory protection progran-. : ; mpJoyees in the regulated area. the release of vinyl chloride. Accordingly, pursuant to recti 'ns 6tb), Gic>. and 8(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Slat. 1593, 1596. 1599; 29 U.S.C. 655. 657). Sec retary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 <36 FR measurable by a rumpling and analytical method capable of measuring concentra tions of 1 ppm, with an accuracy of 1 ppm50 percent. (7) "Director'' means the Director, Na tional Institute for Ocoupavk/uJ Safety Em.' ring controls and worl: prac B754 > and 29 CFR Part 1911. k is here and Health, or any person directed by tice;; avoir \I methods of compliance by proposed to amend 29 CFR. ''art 1910 him or the Secretary of l.t:dm. 77cuc:- beca: hey tend to avoid contamina by revising 5 1010.92q as set forth below. tion, and Welfare to act for me fifirecinr. tion l. the ambient air in the workplace. Written data, views, and arguments <8) "Emergency" mean:; an unforsecn Accordingly, it is proposed to require the concerning the proposals may be mailed circumstance or set of circunm: anccs. re institution of engineering controls and to the Docket Officer. Docket OSH-36, sulting in the release of vinyl chloride of work practice methods as soon as feasi Room 230, 1726 M Street, N.W., Occupa into areas occupied by employees. ble, . u;i to require the use of respirators tional Safety- and Health Administra (9) "Exposure" means art uni contact pending the institution of such controls, tion. Washington. D.C. 20210. post with vinyl chloride when urr >i elected by to supplement such controls where they marked not later than June 10, 1974. required personal protective equipment are insufficient- t.o reduce concentrations Pursuant to 29 CFR 1911.11 (b) and and clothing. of vinyl chloric.' below the detectable (c). interested persons may file objec (10) "Fabricated product" means a level, in specified work situations, and tions to the proposals, requesting an in finished product or part of such product, in cases of emergency. The proposal for formal hearing with, respect (-hereto, in made of polyvinyl chloride, entirely or in continuous flow and pressure demand accordance with the following condi part, including semifinished products types of respirators is based on tire rec tions; such as film, sheet, block, bar, or extru ommendations of NIOSH, which has ob (1) The objections must include the sion stock. served leakage through chemical car name arid address of the objector; (11) "OSHA Area Director" means the tridge resju tors at high concentrations (2) The objections must be post Director for the Occu. ational Safety and of VC. A requirement would also be estab lished for tire provision and use of pro tective clothing for employees in the reg ulated areas. The protective clothing would minimize skin contact with VC vapor, and would provide some m.u.sure of probation from splash of liquid in the event of a spill or rupture of equip ment. Food, beverages, and like products wuuld be prohibited in the regulated area. Written operational and emergency marked on or before June 10, 1974; (3) The objections must specify the provisions of the proposed rule to which objection is taken, and must state the grounds therefor; (4) Each objection must be separately stated and numbc.'vd: and (5) The objections must be accom panied by a summary of the evidence proposed to be addu. od at ,e requested hearing. As revised, 1910.53q would read as follows: Health Administration Area Ofi.ce hav ing jurisdiction over the gccaraphic area in which the establishment D located. (12) "Polyvinyl chloride" rnc.-ns poly vinyl chloride homopolymor or copol ymer befor - such is converted to a fab ricated product. (13> , "Protective clothing" means clothing protective against vinyl chlo ride. (14) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl chloride monomer. <151 "Waste re-in" means ar.y resin or other reaction produths removed in plans would be required, along with em ployee training in routine and emergency 1910.93q Yin} I Chloride. (a) Scope and application. (1) This the cleaning of equipment, such as ves sels and piping. duties, Specific requirements would be section applies to any area or operation (c) Reference. College of American established for emerge for routine maintenan nation operations, inc winch are known to hazards. actions and :d decontami - vessel entry, nt particular in which vinyl chloride (chloroethone), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75015, is manufactured, reacted, re leased, repackaged, stored, or used, in cluding areas and operations involving Pathologists. 21. N. Michigan Ave,, Chi cago, Illinois 60601. (4) Regulated areas. (1) A rcplcted area shall be established where (i) vinyl chloride is manufactured, reacted, re The purposes of operational and emer polyvinyl chloride where delectable leased. repackaged, stored, or usee; or gency plans and training are to apprise levels of vinyl chloride are released. (ii> polyvinyl chloride cay-able of re employees of the hazards to which, they (2)Tiiis section does not apply to the leasing detectable levels of vinyl chlo may be exposed, of the p-. cautions they handling or *use of fabricated products ride is manufactured, reacted, released, must take to avoid such .zards. and to made entirely or in part of polyvinyl repackaged, stored, or used. rehearse employees in the procedures they must follow in emergencies. chloride. (t>) Definitions. (1) "Assistant Secre (2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized cmplo;.c-es. D. Medical surveillance. Comprehen sive requirements for employee medical examinations arc proposed, including necessary tests. Some additional guid ance is included for the convenience of tary" means the As.-fistant Secretary of Labor for Occu, ational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor or his designee. <2> Authorized employee" mean - an (3) A daily roster of employees enter ing regulated areas shall be made and maintained. The rosters, or summaries thereof, shall be kept for at least 20 years. physicians.. The proposed requirements have been recomr.. tided to OSHA by NIOSH as reasonably appropriate to de tect liver dysfunction which may be in dicative of. or predisposing to, the de velopment of liver angiosarcomas. E. Records and reports. Records of monitoring, medical examinations, and employee whose duties require him to be in the regulated area and who has been specifically assigned by the employer; and any employee who enters such ar. area r. a dcsigr.mc-d representative of employes to exercise an opportunity to observe monitoring and measuring of vinyl chloride. (c> Monitoring. (1) Every regulated area shall be monitored for detectable levels of vinyl chloride. (2i Trie monitoring shall assure that any exposure may be dc-'.c-rmrr.c-d for each authorized employee w;;n a confi dence level of Do percent. entry to regulated areas are proposed. (21 `'Closed container" means any <3> Employees or them dv.-icnr.ted rep w,th provision for across L; appropriate comamvr wiuch prevents tire release of resentative^ shall be a.'Tortii.u an or-bor- OSHA and NIOSH officials. .Specific pro vinyl chfi-ride to the r uvironnicnt. tuniiv to observe monitor:::.; and measur visions for employee ccccsr to monitoring t41 `'Ccntamiuat- ." means capable ing required by tiiis paragraph. records arc included, ns well ns the re of releasing a detectable level of vinyl (j> Where exercise of an opportunity quirement to furnish a copy of a medical chloride. requires entry to an area where the use No. 92--Pt. i------to FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 39, NO. 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1974 VRD 0802007521 * 1G. Roposr: rules of protective clmhing, equipment, fa (2) Tlferc shah be tests made for (J) Emergency situ . (1) A v.rit- cilities, or j-roccdur-'. is required, such process or equipment leaks and for emis ten operational pirn Uu tun rge.ay clothing, equipment, facilities, and pi\>- sion'of vinyl chloride which may result situations shall be develop.d lur cat), ccdurcs shall ;. provided to all perse, r. from workpraclices. The frequency of regulated area. entitled to exc: else the opportunity, at no these tests shall be such as to insure the <2) In the event of an cm /, an-v, ap cost to any oi them. Integrity of equipment and adherence to propriate portions of the plan shall be (ii) P( rsons exercising the opportu proper vorkpracticcs. put into operation. nity sb. ' : instructed regarding: (g) Respiratory protection. (1) A res (i) Hazardous condition:, created by (A) c xicity and fire hazard of pirator' protection program in accord tire emergency shad be chanuat. 1 ar.J vinyl chloride; and ance with 5 1910.134 shall be established the aflecled area shall bo dwoan.o.P (E) The protective steps and measures and implemented where respirators are nated prior to the rcsu;.:pth.a of i.orir.iu necessary for their protection. required to be used by this section. operations. (jii) Observers shall be permitted, without interference to the persons per forming the monitoring and measuring, to: (A) Observe a'- steps and procedures relat' ' to the collecting, processing, and evah on of particular monitoring and meat . ment samples; (E) Record quantities and results obtained; (C) Observe the condition of monitor ing and measuring equipment; (2) Respirators shall be used only in cases of emergency and where required by any other provision of this section. Respirators may not be used in lieu of feasible engineering controls or work- pi'..' tice methods. 13) Respirators or combinations of respirators for protection against vinyl chloride shall be selected from among the following: (i) A positive pressure full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus; (ii) A pressure-demand full facepiece (ii) Special medical Kur.vdlnnce by physician shall be instituted vith.n 2-1- hours for employees prer. :t in the af fected area at the l.n.e <k ti.a ; ;.;cnc.. uii) Where an employe a h; s a contact with, liquid vinyl eburiee suer, employee shall be required tower gs soon as possible, unless contr..indicated by physical injuries. (iv). An incident report on the emer gency shall be rcnwi'i'l as required ir. paragraph (q)(2) of :his vcciicn. (3) Each authorized ewy.c; (c- shod (D) Receive a demonstration of the self-contained breathing apparatus op be trained in a program leh.'.a.g io tire calibration and function tests of the erating in the pressure-demand mode; hazards of vinyl chloride and tr.e pre monitoring and measuring equipment (iii) A combination type *'C" pressure- cautions for safe use. performed or. site; and demand full facepiece respirator oper (i) Tire program shell include: (E) Examine mstnr-';ons and docu ating in the pressure-demand mode and (A) The nature of the hazard, and ments related to the procedures and equipment for monitoring and measur ing. a pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus operating in the pressure-demand mode; or the necessary protectiw :;yr; (B) The nature of the tonic hazard, including local ar.d sysioruie elite;--, (4) Accurate and complete records of all required monitoring shall be made and mair.vined for not less than 20 years. Such a recc ' shall (i) state the <...te of such moiu.cring and the levels detenu...id; and tin identify the instru ments and methods u. U. <f) Engineering controls and workpractice methods. (11 Where detectable levels of vinyl chloride are measured, immediate protection shall be provided against exisosure to vinyl chloride by the use of engineering controls, workpracticc methods, and respirators as follows: (iv) A combination type "C" continu ous flow respirator and a pressuredemand self-contained breath. .- ap paratus operating in the pressu: e-de mand mode. (h) Protective clothing. (1) Employee;; entering regulated areas shall be pro vided full-body protective clothing, foot wear or shoe covers, and gloves, at no cost to them, and required to wear it while in the regulated area. (2) Where polyvinyl cldoride powder containing detectable levels of vinyl chloride is handled, employees shall acute and chronic effects includin* specifically trie carcinogenic hazard: (C) The specific nature of operatic:--which could result in exposure to v.:.;h chloride, and necessary protective stciru (D) The purpose for arid ap^ijcaur.:. of the medical .surveillance pro ;r,- m; (E) The purpose- for and .v.phcatn:. of decontamination practices; <1'') Tlie purpose icr and riymncar.ci of emergency pract.cc-s and pioccd'..rci; (G> The employee's specific rcle unctr normal operating or emergency condi tions; (H> S, -:c:f ?. information to aid th: (i) Feasible engineering controls and also be: employee in recognirion and cvaluaiicz. workpractice methods shall immediately u) Provided and required to wear of conditions and .situations which ' be used to reduce airborne concentra hcadv crings;- result in tlie release of vir.yl ehlc-rk. , tions of vinyl chloride below the detect able- level; (ii) Required to remove all protective clothing at each exit from the regulated (1) The purpose for and appkcauor of specific first aid procedures and prac (ii) Wherever feasible engineering area; and tices; controls and workpracticc methods which can be instituted immediately are not sufficient to reduce concentrations of vinyl chloride below the detectable level, they shall nonetheless be used to reduce the concentrations to the lowest prac (iii) Required to shower after the last exit of the day. (3) Clean protective clothing shall be provided whenever contaminated or soiled, but not less frequently than (J) A review of this standard at th; employee's first training and indre;:;- nation program and annually theivaiicr (ii) All materials relating to the pro gram shall be provided upon request ' authorized representatives of tlie As.-i-:- ticable level, and shall be supplemented by means of respirators in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section; weekly. Contaminated clothing shall be decontaminated be -c reuse by removal for laundering or ;osal. ant Secretary ar.c the Director. (k) Signs cr.d 'abets. <1> Entrances h regulated areas shall be posted with sig.v (iii) Wherever no feasible engineering (i) Hygiene /ac.ii.tics and practices. bearing the legend: control or workpructice mclhml can be instituted immediately, immediate res piratory protection shall be provided in accordance v.it-li paragraph <gi of this i.l) Where employees are required by tins section to wear protective clothing and equipment, change rooms shall be provided in accordance with CANCEP-SrgPT'CT /.CU'N'T AT:LA AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY (2) Areas containing operations cov section; and 1910.141 *e). ered in paragraph of this sc.- (iv) In any case covered by paragraph (f)(1) (ii) or (i;i> of this section, tire <2) Where employees are required by this section to shower, shower facilities tion shall be posted with signs bearm. the legend: employer shall aho undertake as soon as shall be provided in accordance with CAKcrn-STShrcr agknt in Tins aut-. practicable a pre-ram to reduce: airborne concentrations of vinyl chloride below the detectable level, or to the greatest 1910.KlUl) <o). <3) Storage or consumption of food or beverage:', Movanc or use of smoking FULL IRll'lill VI OU:> .'hl'.-yy i'i Hi.D I.dU'lxMt.NT Ih.QUiJ.T.D AUTHORIZED PlEoSONNEL ONLY extent feasible, solely bj' means of cm i- or non-food chewing products, and the <3) Containers of waste or other rat nccring controls and wcrkpractice meth storage or application of cosmetics are ional.1; contaminated with vin;.l chririd. ods and as soon as feasible. prohibited in regulated areas. sliall be labeled: FEDERAL RCGIS7CR, VOL 39, NO. 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10. 1974 lU L B B U H (in? PR >SED RULES f insofi VINYL CHLORIDE CONTAMINATED (ii) When vessels arc to he entered, all <i< Alcohol intake; MATERIAL CANCF-R-SUaPECT AGENT DISPOSE OF OR DECONTAMINATE USING AUTHORIZED 1'^KOEOURES piping to such vessel shall be; (A) Opened, blanked and tagged: or (B) Where welded piping is m use. not less than 2 valves in series, which isolate (iii iv.st history of he pq'ith; (iii> Past exposure to pmem! he;>ntotoxic agents, includmg dn;;;s and chemicals: (4) Container.: of polyvinyl chloride the vessel from any other connection to <iv> Past history of blood liansfu- containing detectable levels of vinyl such line, must be closed and secured. sions; and chloi. Jeshall belauded: (iiii No employee shall enter a vessel, (v) Past history of hoapitah/ahans. POLYVINYL Cir. TR1DE CONTAINS VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL CHLORIDE IS A except when another employee properly (3> At the time of initial anv,laymen;., trained and equipped for entry is pres or upon in ".tution of su cer.ing, a serum ent and is observing the employee in the specimen a,mil be obtained far . cm.-mr,;: CANCER-SL'SPEC" AGENT ABSORBED BY BRi. '.THING AND THROUGH SfcHN vessel. The observer shall have mean:; with reaped to the following bio-chemi for signalling for help in the event (he cal determinations of livcrfuncticm: employee experiences problems. Under (ri Total bilirubin: (5) Container of vinyl chloride shall be labeled; VINYL CHLORIDE DANGER EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE GAS UNDER PI. SURE MAY folym: ns with EXPLOSIVE morce such conditions, the observer shall sig nal for help, and shall not enter to assist the employee until another person is present to observe. (ml Transportation loading and un loading. (1) Facilities for the loading and unloading of vinyl chloride to and from containers shall have each transfer (ii' Alkaline phosphatase: (iijj Serum glutamic oxmucelic trans aminase (SGOT) ; (ivj Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SGPT); and (v> Gamma glurtr.my] Uanspeptidr.se (GGTP). (4) Additional tests that r..cy option POISON line and vapor-equalizing line equipped ally be considered for use in screening CANCER SUSrECT AGENT AND ANESTHETIC ABSORBED BY BREATHING AND THROUGH SHIN with vent connections, and shall havean inert gas purging system. Vent and purge effluent shall be returned to a proc ess stream or flared m a safe location. include: (iiLacticdehydrogena.se: (ii) Serum proeein determination.':: (iii) Serum protein electrophoresis; (6) No statement shall appear on or (2) Procedures shall be developed and and ncvvf any required sign, label or instruc implemented for the transfer of vinyl uv> Platelet count. tion, whic!. contradicts or detracts from chloride. Written copies of such proce (5> Laboratory analyse- for ah biolcri- the effect of any required warning, in dures shall be provided employees en cal specimens included in meckcai exam formation or instruction. gaged in such operations, and such em inations shall be perion.rcd in labora (1) Maintenance and decontamina ployees shall be fully trained and re tories accredited by tuc* Cc'.lr-ge of tion. (11 Empha shall be placed upon hearse. in all procedures. American Pathologists or hcer. d under immediate clean up of spills, periodic in (3) Employees engaged in transfer op 43 CFR Part 74. spection, prompt repair of equipment and erations shall be provided with and (G) If the re. alts of screenin'' required leaks, and proper handling, storage and rcqui.cd to wear respirators in accord in paragraph <o)<m t,,r oinit icctia are dispo:.. '. or decontamination of mutandis to pr.vent airborne contamination and accidental skin contact with vinyl chlo ride. Waste materials, equipment, and other sources of vinyl chloride in closed containers, may not be placed in areas of excessive temperature or sunlight .since build-up of interna] pressure may result in rupture of the container, fire or explosion. (2) Waste resins or other materials contaminated with vinyl chloride shall bo placed in clos'd containers pending dis posal or decor.1 amination. (3) Appropriate procedures shall be developed and implemented for the de contamination or disposal of all such waste material. (4) In maintenance or repair opera tions on contaminated--systems or equipment, including vessel entry, em ployees engaged in such operations shall be (i> provider with and required to wear and use a whole-body air-supplied suit impervious to vinyl chloride, and a respirator in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section; and (ii) required to shower after removing protective equip ment. (5) Protective clotliing and equipment shall be clean and dry for each use. (G) When vessels or piping systems arc opened local exhaust ventilation shall lie provided to remove the escaping vapor from all occupied areas. ance with paragraph (g) of this section., (ni Polinncr handling operations. <. 1) Containers of polyvinyl chloride releas ing detectable levels of vinyl chloride shall be opened and transferred only under local exhaust ventilation winch reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the detectable level. (2) Hot operations, such as but not limited to milling, calenderin' and ex truding. which rclc.ne detectable levels of vinyl chloride, sh.,11 be carried on only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the delectable level. (0) Medical surveillance. Not later than _______________ 1974. a program of medical surveillance shall be insti tuted, and shall provide each authorized employee with an opportunity for ex aminations in accordance with this para graph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or imder the supervision of a licensed Doctor of Medicine (MDi or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO). All medical examina tions end tests shall be provided without cost to the employee. (1) At the time of initial employme nt, or upon institution of screening, a physi cal examination shall be performed with specific attention to detecting enlarge ment of liver or spleen- by abdominal palpation. normal, screening ' berc^eruox: (i) Every six n. .nhs fer employees who have been employed in vinyl chlo ride related operations for 10 years or moie; and uri. Annually for all other employees entering regulated arc- s. (7) If one or more liver function tests performed are abnormal, scrum testing shall be repeated as soon as possible, preferably within two lour weeks. If no abnormalities are p: -mt upon re- screoning. serum testing shall be re pealed in three months. (8) If abnormalities persist upon re screening. the employee shall be wi:k- drawn from areas where contact v;,: 1. vinyl {'blonde is possible, and ait individ ualized medical workshop shall be in stituted. Suggested as iimir.l steps are a complete physical examination and vari ous special procedures such a- hepatitis 13 antigen determination and hi scan ning. If liver function abnormmmcs are determined to be unrelated to liver dis ease. the employee may be- permitted to return to vinyl chloride-:oh.ted employ ment. subject to individual .medical evaluation. (9) A complete and nroura::- record of the rc-sulix of medical tx.v.rkn.vnon.s shall be made and maintained for the dura tion of employment plus five years, or for 20 \cors, whichever is lancer. ()>) Jtecords. (1) nccord:-, of monitor (7) (i) Vcsnels be entered shall first be ventilated and monitored so that the concentration of vinyl chloride is reduced to a level within the protection factor (2i At Lite lime of initial employment or upon institution of screening, and an nually th-rcafter, a medical hj.sU>1. y checklist i.null be completed by the em ployee. This list shall include qucM ions ing and measuring, medical recorda, ana regulated area cniry rc-xers- am. sum maries, shall be made avail..bio for ex amination and copying upon rcqv.c.-'t to authorized representatives of the Assist capability of the protective cquipm t. concerning: ant Secretary and the Director. FEOERAl REGISTER, VOL 39, NO. 92- RiDAY, WAY 10, 1974  tJi0 0 Z 0 0 AHA 1G0M -IMPOSED RULES * (2> In the event that the employer ceases to do business and there is no : ueccssor to receive mid retain htr, records for the prescribed period, these records shall be transmitted by registered mail to the Director, and each employee indi vidually notified in writing of this transfer. (3) Employees and their designated representatives sliu'. l>e provided access to examine and co; , ecord;; of monitor ing and mcr.suruy (4) Former er. >yces shall be pro vided aeces to examine and copy records reflecting their own exposures. (5) Upon written request <f any em ployee, a copy of the medical record of such employee shall be .furnished to a physician be., .rated by the employee in such request. (q) Reports. (1) Not later than______ _______tlr- following information shall be report;- io the OSKA Area Director. Any chanlx in such information shall be reported to the OSIIA Area Director within 15 days of such change. ii< "he address and locution of each cstab, mcnl which has one or more rcgul.: .; areas; and (ii) The number of employees each regulated area during normal operations, including maintenance. (2) Incidents wiilcii result in the re lease of vinvl chic' "e into any area where emplcr s n.;, -c exposed shall be reported in a. ..ordar.ee with this para graph. (i) A : art of the occurrence of the incident ; ..d the facts obtainable at that lime including a report on any medical tre;. .uicni of affected employees shall be made within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Director. (iij A written report shall be filed with the OSHA Area Director within 15 calendar days tl. eaftev and shall in clude: (A) A r ocification of the amount of material rei.vised; (B) A description of the area involved and the extent of known and potential employee exposure an-.: area affected; (C) A report on any medical treat ment of affected employees and any medical surveillance program imple mented; and (D) An analysis of the circumstances of the incident, and measures taken or to be taken, with specific completion daU , io avoid further similar releases. Vi> Upon completion of any monitoring and measuring which discloses that any employee has actually been exposed to detectable levels of vinyl chloride, each such employee shall be individually noti fied in writing. The notice shall: (i) Be delivered not later than 10 working days after completion of the monitoring and measuring; <ii) State the actual exposure in terms of concentration and time; and (hi) State the steps which have been taken, arc being taken, and will bo taken, with specific co. plction dates, to termi nate the exposure and prevent r. recur rence. (Sec;. Ctb), C(c). and 8{c), 64 Sint. J593, 1SM1. IS I'D (ZO U2S.C. CS5, CS7); Secretwy of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (3C Fit 8734)) Signed at Washington, D.C. this 6th day of May, 1974. Joiin Stender. Assistant Secretary oj Labi [FR Doc.74--10748 Filed 5-9-74:8:45 nm] DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration [ 14 CFR Part 25 ] [Docket No. 13CK.; Notice 74--1D] TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Typo A Passenger Emergency Exit Capacity The FAA is considering rule making to revise the pn.r .uer seating configura tion limit that m applicable to Type A exits on transport category airplanes. Sections 25.8G7(.c) (2) and <3) of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) currently provide that for each pair of Type A exits (ronristing of one on each side of the fuselage) the airplane may have r. maximum passenger seating c: ::figuration of ICj. This advui. c notice of proposed rule making is b-ir.g issued in accordance with the FAA's policy for early institu tion of public proceedings in actions re lated to rule making. An "advance" no tice is issued to invite early public par ticipation in the identification and se lection of a course or alternate courses of action v.ith respect to a particular rulemaking problem. Interested persons are invited to par ticipate in the rule making by submitting such win ten data, views, or arguments as they may dc.sirc. Communication's should identify the regulatory docket or notice number and be submitted in duplicate to: Federal Aviation Administration. Of fice of the Chief Counsel, Attention; Rules Docket, AGC-24, COO Independence Avenue, S\V.. Washington, D.C. 20501. Communications should be received on or before July 9. 1974. to assure proper consideration. All comments submitted will be available, both before and after the closing date for comments, for ex amination by interested persons. The regulatory provisions relating to Type A exits that are contained in S 25.807 of the Federal Aviation Regulations were adopted by Amendment 25-15, ef fective October 24. 1907. That amend ment also cfbnblu-hcd the provision, in 5 25.803(c), that manufacturers show by demonstration that . he maximum scal ing capacity of an airplane having a ca pacity of more than 44 passengers can be evacuated to the ground within 90 seconds, under conditions prescribed in the regulation. As discussed in the pre amble to Amendment 25-15. the allow able passenger scaling limit of 100 that was established for each pair of Typo A cxNu was less than the evacuation ca pacity that hod bren demonstrated by test. As a result of receiving data and information tending to Indicate that some of the considerations leading to the conservative limitation m: y no longer be applicable, the FAA ha* in.-.'.iiuted a regulatory study project to reevaluate the limitation. The study will i; elude the factors original'v tonskhr. ' jn ( lishtng the limitation as woli: . o.iy m.lier factors found to be ptrtmenl. ' Those factors originally considered kmlure per tinent evacuation tuts rud <: .: ou:.t.a- tions, exterior slide . th- noi.-.i.- r, lecation. and size of aioie-c and p,.~ ev/.v.'s, and evacuation system rch.'hTuy. Data avaiiablo to ike It'. ,,n h-.-yti-vico evacuations, slide rb;,. -.r-.;. evacuation demorutimtious more than 100 passengers hr \ _ ; -rr. evacuated through a Ty...-e a c.u 90 seconds. The data further rk.ck? that Type A exit systems n.i.y have higher in-service air.bibly than w-.m, an ticipated at the time the limitni .op was established in the regulations. : jv.ever, tlie FAA believes it is imiv-kmi. to re view all relevant data or. sal- :y cost considerations that may be r mhcablc: to any proposed charge in the Type A c: it passenger seating limitation. To ibis cr.d, the FAA solicits o. te, view;:, cad argu ments from ail interested r-v-rsm or. tuc- questions sc: forth lylotr. Data .v:.,.ar;- ing an an.r.ar should be sub; knd or identified ruhiciently that the Ikk may obtain or develop it. 1. Do the data available on evucuatir.g tests and in-service incidents tl: t relate to the evacuation rapacity of Type A exits under emergency conditions indi cate that tU 100 parse? m limitations may safely be increased? 2. What reliability lu.r. been demon strated for Type A exit systems by serv ice experience and test*? 3. What relationship-- may be estab lished between reliability and pr.o;cnr;cr emergency evacuation capability of Type A exits? 4. How would the emerge? ay evacua tion capability of Type A exits be af fected by specific increases in na.-.j-mv:cr seating capacity and by specific passen ger seating configuration eersideratior. 5. If there are other factors ih . should be considered, how should ike : t! evant data be related to the emergency evacuation capability of T\;;c A c-.n;:. ? 6. If the co;i'.mcn;y..r rcccmi.c.s specific passenger cap;.. .lie1-: for ecu :-.:oration, what economic ar.d safety bene fits or penalties would be associated vith them? Issued in Washington. D.C or. Mr.v 2 1974. C. R. Mratrcix, Jr., Actin'/ D:re< tor. Flight St(n:Lurds Service. [TR &SC.74-1C7..7 Filed C-9-74:8:4f. 1 f 14 CFR Part 3C ] (Docket No. 74-NV,'--*-AD] AIRWORTHINESS SIRECTiVES Boeing JActlcl 737-1CO/2G2 Series Air,.lanes Tlie Federal Aviation Admiv.i . ..lie.-, is considering amending Part 39 ol tit. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 37. NO. 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1*74