Document 6BwnzYOM8OBGm84NB4JzKVZQE

FILE NAME: Marley (MAR) DATE: 1991 (?) DOC#: MAR023 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: CFR OSHA Standard 1910-1101 on Asbestos 910.1101 i) Tesl respirators shall be maintained In per working order and inspected for dcflides sush as cracks, missing valves and kets, etc. . Procedural Requirements, (a) When forming the initial positive or negative assure test the sampling line shall be mped closed In order to avoid air pressure kage during either of these tests, b) An abbreviated screening lsoamyl ace.e test or Irritant fume test may be utlcd in order to quickly Identify poor fitting iplrators which passed the positive and/or gatlve pressure test and thus reduce the lount of QNFT time. When performing a reening isoamyl acetate test, combination gh-efflclency organic vapor cartridges/ nisters shall be used. lc> A reasonably stable challenge agent ncentratlon shall be measured In the test lambcr prior to testing. For canopy or lower curtain type of test units the deterlnatlon of the challenge agent stability ay be established after the test subject is entered the test environment. (d) Immediately after the subject enters le test chamber, the challenge agent conntration Inside the respirator shall be leasured to ensure that the peak penetraon does not exceed 5 percent for a half lask or 1 percent for a full facepiece resplitor. (e) A stable challenge concentration shall e obtained prior to the actual start of test- ig. (f) Respirator restraining straps shall not e overtightened for testing. The straps hall be adjusted by the wearer without asIstance from other persons to give a reasonible comfortable fit typical of normal use. (g) The test shall be terminated whenever iny single peak penetration exceeds 5 perent for half masks and 1 percent for full facepiece respirators. The test subject shall oe refitted and retested. If two of the three required tests are terminated, the fit shall be deemed Inadequate. (h) In order to successfully complete a QNFT, three successful fit tests are re quired. The results of each of the three in dependent fit tests must exceed the mini mum fit factor needed for the class of respi rator <e.g.. half mask respirator, full facepleciy-esplrator). ft)calculation of fit factors. (lOThe fit factor shall be determined for the Qiantltative fit test by taking the ratio of the average chamber concentration to the Sncentratlon Inside the respirator. (2gThe average test chamber concentra tio n 's the arithmetic average of the test chamber concentration at the beginning and of the end of the test. (3) The concentration of the challenge agent Inside the respirator shall be deter mined by one of the following methods: (I) Average peak concentration 29 CFR Ch. X V II (7-1-91 Edition) (II) Maximum peak concentration (III) Integration by calculation of the area under the Individual peak for ench exercise. This Includes computerized Integration. (J) Interpretation of tesl results. The fit factor established by the quantitative fit testing shall be the lowest of the three fit factor values calculated from the three re quired fit tests. (k) The test subject shall not be permitted to wear a half mask, or full facepiece respi rator unless a minimum fit factor equivalent to at least 10 times the hazardous exposure level is obtained. (l) Filters used for quantitative ill testing shall be replaced at least weekly, or when ever Increased breathing resistance is en countered, or when the test agent has al tered the Integrity of the filter media. Or ganic vapor cartridges/canlsters shall be re placed daily (when used) or sooner if there is any indication of breakthrough by a test agent. (52 FR 46291, Dec. 4, 1987, ns amended at 53 FR 6629, Mar. 2, 1988; 53 FR 45082, Nov. 8, 1988; 53 FR 50198, Dec. 13. 1988; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989: 54 FR 29546, July 13, 1989, 54 FR 31765, Aug. 1, 1989; 55 FR 24070, June 13, 1990] Effective Date Note: At 56 FR 26909, June 12, 1991, 5 I910.1048(m)(l)(b(m)(4)(ll) was stayed until August 8, 1991. 1910.1101 Asbestos. N o t e : This section applies in lieu of the revised standards governing occupational exposure to asbestos, tremollte, anthophylllte and actinolite (29 CFR 1910.1001; 29 CFR 1926.58). during the period and to the extent that the revised standards have been partially stayed. (See 51 FR 37002, October 17. 1986, 52 FR 15722, April 30. 1987, 53 FR 27345, July 20. 1988, and 54 FR 30704. July 21, 1989, and 55 FR 50687; December 10, 1990, for a description of the stay). (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this section, (1) Asbestos includes chrysotile, amosite, crocldolite, tremollte, anthophyllite, and actinolite. (2) As bestos fibers means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. (1) The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employment may be ex posed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor 1910.1101 (2) Ceiling concentration. No em effectively the release of airborne as ployee shall be exposed at any time to bestos fibers in excess of the limits airborne concentration of asbestos prescribed In paragraph (b) of this sec fibers In excess of 10 fibers, longer tion. than 5 micrometers, per cubic centime (Ill) Spraying, demolition, or remov ter of air, as determined by the al. Employees engaged in the spraying method prescribed in paragraph (e) of of asbestos, the removal, or demolition this section. of pipes structures, or equipment cov (c) Methods of compliance--(1) Engiered or insultated with asbestos, and neering methods, (i) Engineerings con in the removal of demolition of asbes trols. Engineering controls, such as, tos insulation or coverings shall be but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, provided with respiratory equipment exhaust ventilation, and dust collec in accordance with paragraph tion, shall be used to meet exposure (d)(2)(iii) of this section and with spe limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of cial clothing in accordance with para this section. graph (d)(3) of this section. (ii) Local exhaust ventilation. (A) (d) Personal protective equipment-- local exhaust ventilation and dust col (1) Compliance with the exposure lection systems shall be designed, con limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of structed. installed, and maintained in this section may not be achieved by accordance with the American Nation the use of respirators of shift rotation al Standards Fundamentals Governing of employees, except: the Design and Operation of Local Ex (1) During the time period necessary haust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-197I, which to install the engineering controls and is Incorporated by reference herein. to institute the work practices re (B) See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail quired by paragraph (c) of this sec ability of ANSI Z90.2-1971, and the tion: maintenance of a historic file in con (ii) In work situations in which the nection therewith. The address of the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) American National Standards Institut of this section are either technically ed is given in 51910.100. not feasible or feasible to an extent in (ill) Particular tools. All hand-oper sufficient to reduce the airborne con ated and power-operated tools which centrations of asbestos fibers below may produce or release asbestos fibers the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) Vl in excess of the exposure limits pre of this section: or scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec (iii) In emergencies. tion, such as, but not limited to, saws, (iv) Where both respirators and per scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, sonnel rotation are allowed by para shall be provided with local exhasuet graphs (d)(1) (I), (11) or (ill) of this sec ventilation systems in accordance with tion, and both are practicable, person paragraph (cXIXii) of this section. nel rotation shall be preferred and (2) Work practices--CO Wet methods. used. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall (2) Where a respirator is permitted be handled, mixed, applied, removed, by paragraph (d)(1) of this section, it cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a shall be selected from among those ap wet state sufficient to prevent the proved by the Bureau of Mines, De emission of alrborn fibers in excess of partment of the Interior, or the Na the exposure limits prescribed in para tional Institute for Occupational graph (b) of this section, unless the Safety and Health, Department of usefulness of the product would be dl- Health, Education, and Welfare, under mished thereby. the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 (ii) Particular products and oper FR 6244, Mar. 25. 1972), and shall be ations. No asbestos cement, mortor, used in accordance with paragraph coating, grout, plaster, or similar ma (d)(1) (I), (11), (ill), and (iv) of this sec terial containing asbestos shall be re tion. moved from bags, cartons, or other (i) Air purifying respirators. A reus containers in which they are shipped able or single use air purifying respira without being either wetted, or en tor, or a respirator described in para closed, or ventilated so as to prevent graph (d)(2) (ii) or (ill) of this section, 347 51910.1101 2 9 CFR Ch. x v i i l y - I - y i c u m v il/ shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers In the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this sec tion, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably ex pected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. (II) Powered air purifying respira tors. A full facepiece powered air puri fying respirator, or a powered air puri fying respirator, or a respirator de scribed in paragraph (d)(2XIil) of this section, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers In the respirator below the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted average con centrations of asbestos fibers are rea sonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. (III) Type "C" supplled-air respira tors, continuous flow or pressuredemand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pressure-demand, supplied-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers In the respirator below the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the celling or the 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (iv) Establishment of a respirator program. (A) The employer shall es tablish a respirator program in accord ance with the requirements of the American National Standards Prac tices for Respiratory Protection, ANSI Z88.2-1969, which is incorporated by reference herein. (B) See 51910.6 concerning the availability of ANSI Z88.2-I969 and the maintenance of a historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards In stitute is given in 5 1910.100. g(C) No employee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators based upon his most recent examigation, an examining physician deter mines that the employee will be faihable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employee will be impaired by his use of a respi- rator. Such employee shall be rotated to another job or given the opportuni ty to transfer to a different position whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geographical area and with the same seniority, status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such different position is available. (3) Special clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of, special clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head cov erings, gloves, and foot coverings for any employee exposed to airborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, which exceed the celling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed i place of employment exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers i in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion, the employer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or containers for each employee, so sepa rated or isolated as to prevent con tamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (lii) Laundering: (A) Laundering of i ! asbestos contaminated clothing shall ? be done so as to prevent the release of i airborne asbestos fibers In excess of ., the exposure limits prescribed In para- j graph (b) of this section. i (B) Any employer who gives asbes- tos-contaminated clothing to another \ person for laundering shall inform | such person of the requirement in J paragraph (d)(4)(ili)(A) of thi^ section | to effectively prevent the release of | airborne asbestos fibers in excess of J the exposure limits prescribed in para* ,J| graph (b) of. this sectjon. * (C) Contaminated clothing shall be M transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable .^9 containers, and labeled in accordance a with paragraph (g) oi this section. J | (e) Method, of measurement. All de- M terminations of airborne concent - M tion of asbestos fibers shall be made ftl by the membrane filter method at -S 400-450 X (magnificatjon) (4 millime- ter objective) with phase contrast lllu- J* mlnation. 348 (f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi than 6 months for employees whose nations. Within 6 months of the publi exposures to asbestos may reasonably cation of this section, every employer be foreseen to exceed the exposure shall cause every place of employment limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of where asbestos fibers are released to this section. be monitored in such a way as to de (4) Employee observation of moni termine whether every employee's ex toring. Affected employees, or their posure to asbestos fibers is below the representatives, shall be given a rea limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of sonable opportunity to observe any this section. If the limits are exceeded, monitoring required by this paragraph the employer shall immediately under and shall have access to the records take a compliance program in accord thereof. ance with paragraph <c) of this sec (g) Caution signs and labels--(1) tion. Caution signs--(i) Posting. Caution (2) 1Personal monitoring--(i) Sam signs shall be provided and displayed ples shall be collected from within the at each location where airborne con breathing zone of the employees, on centrations of asbestos fibers may be membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer In excess of the exposure limits pre porosity mounted 1n an open-face scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec filter holder. Samples shall be'taken tion. Signs shall be posted at such a for the determination of the 8-hour distance from such a location so that time-weighted average airborne con an employee may read the signs and centrations and of the ceiling concen take necessary protective steps before trations of asbestos fibers. entering the area marked by the signs. (ii) Sampling frequency and pat Signs shall be posted at all approaches terns. After the initial determinations to areas containing excessive concen required by paragraph (f)(1) of this trations of airborne asbestos fibers. section, samples shall be of such fre 1 (ii) Sign specifications. The warning quency and pattern as to represent signs required by paragraph (g)(I)(i) with reasonable accuracy the levels of of this section shall conform to the re exposure of employees. In no case quirements of 20'xl4'' vertical format shall the sampling be done at intervals signs specified In 1910 145(d)(4), and greater than 6 months for employees to this subdivision. The signs shall dis whose exposure to asbestos may rea play the following legend in the lower sonably be foreseen to exceed the panel, with letter sizes and styles of a limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of visibility at least equal to that speci this section. fied In this subdivision. (3) Environmental monitoring, (i) Samples shall be collected from areas of a Work environment which are rep Legend Notation resentative of the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers which may f S a n a Serif, G oth ic or Block. reach the breathing zone of employ S a n s Sorif, ees. Samples shall be collected on a Gothic or Block, membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer po y* Gothic. W e a r A s s ig n e d Protective Equipm ent.. y` Gothic, rosity mounted in an open-face filter D o N ot R e m a in tn A rea U n le ss Y o u r y* Gothic. holder. Samples shall be taken for the W ork R equires It. determination of the 8-hour time- B re ath in g A sb e st o s D u st M a y B e 14 point Gothic. weighted average airborne concentra H azard ou s To Y o u r Health.. tions and of the celling concentrations of asbestos fibers. Spacing between lines shall be at least (ii) Sampling frequencey and pat equal to the height of the upper of terns. After the initial determinations any two lines. required by paragraph (f)(1) of this (2) Caution labels--(i) Labeling. Cau lection, pamples shall be of such fre tion labels shall be affixed to all raw quency and pattern as to represent materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, with reasonable accuracy the levels of debris, and other products containing exposure of the employees. In no case asbestos fibers, or to their containers, hall sampling be at Intervals greater except that no label is required where 349  1910.1101 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-91 Edition) asbestos fibers have modified by a (3) Employee notification. Any em bonding agent, coating, binder, or ployee found to have been exposed at other material so that during any rea any time to airborne concentration of sonably foreseeable use, handling, asbestos fibers in excess of the limits storage disposal, processing, or trans prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec portation, no airborne concentrations tion shall be notified In writing of the of asbestos fibers In excess of the ex exposure as soon as practidable but posure limits prescribed in paragraph not later than 5 days of the finding, (b) of this section will be released. The employee shall also be timely no (ii) Label specifications. The caution tified of the corrective action being labels requied by paragraph (g)(2Xi) taken. of this section shall be printed in let (j) Medical examinations--(1) Gen ters of sufficient size and contrast as eral The employer shall provide or to be readily visible and legible. The make available at his cost, medical ex label shall state: aminations relative to exposure to as Caution--Contains Asbestos F ibers, bestos required by this paragraph., (2) Preplacement. The employer Avoid Creating D ust, B reathing shall provide or make available to Asbestos D ust M ay Cause S eri each of his employees, within 30 calen ous B odily H arm dar days following his first employ (h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All ment in an occupation exposed to air external surfaces in any place of em borne concentrations of asbestos, fiber, ployment shall be maintained free of a comprehensive medical examination, accumulations of asbestos fibers if, which shall include, as a minimum a with their dispersion, there would be chest roentgenogram (posterior-anteri an excessive concentration. or 14x17 inches), a history to elicit (2) Waste disposal Asbestos waste, symptomatology of respiratory dis scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ease, and pulmonary function tests to ment, and asbestos-contaminated include forced vital capacity (FVC) clothing, consigned for disposal, which and forced expiratory volume at 1 may produce in any reasonably fore second (FEV,.o). seeable use, handling, storage, process (3) Annual examinations. On or ing, disposal, or transportation air before January 31, 1973, and at least borne concentrations of asbestos fibers annually thereafter, every employer in excess of the exposure limits pre shall provide, or make available, com scribed in paragraph (b) cf this section prehensive medical examinations to shall be collected and disposed of in each of his employees engaged in occu sealed impermeable bags, or other pations exposed to airborne concentra closed, Impermeable containers. tions of asbestos fibers. Such annual (1) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure examination shall Include, as mini records. Every employer shall main mum, a chest roentgenogram (posteri tain records of any personal or envi or-anterior 14x17 inches), a history to ronmental monitoring required by this elicit symptomatology of respiratory section. Records shall be maintained disease, and pulmonary function tests for a period of at least 20 years and to include forced vital capacity (FVC) shall be made available upon request and forced expiratory volume at 1 to the Assistant Secretary of Laborifor second (FEVi.o), , Occupational Safety and Health, the (4) Termination of employment. The Director of the National Institute for employer shall provide or make avail C&jcupational Safety and Health, and able, within 30 calendar days before or t authorized representatives of after the termination of employment eBher. of any employee engaged in an occu- 2) Access. Employee exposure patjlon exposed to airborne concentra records required by this paragraph tion of asbestos fibers, a comprehen shall be provided upon request to em sive medical examination which shall ployees, designated representatives, include, as a minimum, a chest roent and the Assistant Secretary In accord genogram (posterior-anterior 14x17 ance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (a) through inches), a history to elicit symptoma Ce) and (g) through (1). tology of respiratory disease, and pul- 350 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor 1910.1200 monary function tests to include 8 1910.1200 Hazard communication. forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced (a) Purpose. (1) The purpose of this expiratory volume at 1 second section is to ensure that the hazards (PEVi.o). j of all chemicals produced or Imported (5) Recent examinations. No medical are evaluated, and that information examination is required of any em concerning their hazards is transmit ployee, if adequate records show that ted to employers and employees, Tills the employee has been examined In transmittal of information is to be ac accordance with this paragraph within complished by means of comprehen the past 1-year period. sive hazard communication programs, (6) Medical records--ti) Mainte which are to include container label nance. Employers of employees exam ing and other forms of warning, mate ined pursuant to this paragraph shall rial safety data sheets and employee cause to be maintained complete and training. accurate records of all such medical (2) This occupational safety and examinations. Records shall be re health standard is intended to address tained by employers for at least 20 comprehensively the issue of evaluat years. ing the potential hazards of chemicals, (ii) .access, Records of the medical and communicating information con examinations required by this para cerning hazards and appropriate pro graph shall provide upon request to tective measures to employees, and to employees, designated representatives, preempt any legal requirements of a and the Assistant Secretary in accord state, or political subdivision of a ance with 29 CPR 1910.20 (a) through state, pertaining to the subject. Evalu (e) and (g) through (1). These records ating the potential hazards of chemi shall also be provided upon the re cals, and communicating information quest to the Director of NIOSH. Any concerning hazards and appropriate physician who conducts a medical ex protective measures to employees, may amination required by this paragraph include, for example, but Is not limited shall furnish to the employer of the to. provisions for: developing and examined employee all the informa maintaining a written hazard commu tion specifically required by this para nication program for the workplace, graph, and any other medical informa including lists of hazardous chemicals tion related to occupational exposure present; labeling of containers of to asbestos fibers. chemicals in the workplace, as well as of containers of chemicals being Ta b le 1.-- R e s p ir a t o r Pr o t e c t io n fo r shipped to other workplaces; prepara Airborne Concentrations of A sb e st o s tion and distribution of material safety data sheets to employees and Airborne concentration ol Required respirator1 ( downstream employers; and develop asbestos (TWA) ment and implementation of employee Not In eJcess ol 5 f/cc (10 x Rousabte or single use air training programs regarding hazards PEL). purifying respirator. of chemicals and protective measures. Not In excess ol 50 f/cc Full facepiece air purifying Under section 18 of the Act, no state (100 x PEL). respirator, or a powered air or political subdivision of a state may purifying respirator. A type " C " continuous How adopt or enforce, through any court or or pressure demand, sup agency, any requirement relating to plied air respirator. the issue addressed by this Federal 1Respirators specified for high concentrations may be standard, except pursuant to a Feder uaed at lower concentrations ol asbestos. ally-approved state plan. (Approved by the Office of Management (b) Scope and application. (1) This section requires chemical manufactur and Budget under control number 12180133) ers or importers to assess the hazards [51 FR 37004, Oct. 17, 1986, as amended at of chemicals which they produce or Import, and all employers to provide 52 FR 15723, Apr. 30. 1987; 53 FR 27346, July 20, 1988; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989; 54 information to their employees about FR 30705, July 21. 1989; 55 FR 50687, Dec. the hazardous chemicals to which IQ, 1990] they are exposed, by means of a 351