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FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1979 DOC IHF109 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Industrial Hygiene Digest - 1979 Issues - Covers TOCs & Abstracts | a 7 -:; ; oe o February 1979 ~ Volume 43 No. 2 INDUSTRIAL Se _ ~ LITERATURE i ABSTRACTS ol ENVIRONMENTAL AND | OCCUPATIONAL >. HEALTH = SAFETYNEWS HYGIENE DIGEST INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC ">. 5231 CENTRE AVENUE a PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. February 1979 Volume 43 No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS . This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 101/79 -- 199/79 News se er ttt ttt Cg ee Coming Events Legal Developments - Books and Pamphlets 6 2 Industrial Medicine . Skin Diseases And Burns ese Chemical Hazards secs Industrial Dusts and Inhalants ' Physical Hazards Environmental Problems Occupational Health Management - Safety Accident Prevention - - Analytical Methods Miscellaneous - ss cr ee er et ar . tt . index . - Addresses of Journals Abstracted . soe FEATURES . Related Cancer Industrial Bronchitis Function Testing and the Prevention of Pulmonary Disease Pulmonary Potential Hearing Compensation Cost by Race and ex of Patch Test Reactions in Allergic Histologic Aspects Contact Dermatitis and Water Loading on Urinary The Effects of Water Restriction Acid and Coproporphyr~-n Excretion of Lead Aminolevulinic Lung Cancer in New Caledonia Mesothelioma After Crocidolite a Nickel Exposure Smelting Island During Gas Mask Manufacture a - -~ -- 5 6 8 17 18 24 27 28 29 31 32 34 36 Abst Abst Abst Abst 129/79 135/79 137/79 140/79 Abst 144/79 Abst Abst Abst 148/79 152/79 167/79 Industrial Hygiene Digest February 1979 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 166/79 Asbestos Cement Dust Inhalation by Hamsters A. P. Wehner et al Environ Res 17 367-389 December 1978 20 refs i of 96 Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to respirable asbestos cement aerosol at male Two groups 5 Average fiber counts ranged week of 1 and + 10 liter respectively 3 hours concentrations divided into six subgroups of 16 animals The first fibers from 5 to about 120 Each group was randomly and the third after 15 months The sacrificed after 3 months of exposure the second after 6 months subgroup was observed for an additional 3 months and then was withdrawn from exposure after 3 months fourth subgroup after 3 and 6 months of exposure respectively and sacrificed The fifth and sixth subgroups were withdrawn of the third subgroup at which time all surviving maintained for observation up to the month exposure point were similar to those delineated in a previous animals were sacrificed All other experimental procedures animal model techniques and an exposure system for asbestos publication describing the development of an 393-407 The P. Wehner G. E. Dagle and W. C. Cannon 1978 Environ Res 16 cement dust inhalation A. of the animals Higher aerosol had no significant effect on body weight and mortality asbestos cement exposure and ferruginous bodies found in the concentration and longer exposure times increased the number of macrophages of macrophages and ferruginous animals Recovery periods had no effect on the incidence lungs of the exposed sacrificed after 15 months of exposure shows a fibrosis animals The incidence of very slight to slight in the bodies and the 1 and 10 liter dose level groups are significant P < 0.01 trend when the untreated control group of minimal fibrosis continued in animals compared indicating a response relationship Development tract and no mesotheliomas were from exposure No primary carcinomas of the lung and respiratory - Authors withdrawn --Authors abstract reprinted by permission found 167/79 Mesothelioma Environ Res After 17 Crocidolite Exposure During Gas Mask 340-346 December 1978. 11'refs 11'refs Manufacture D. McDonald and J. C. McDonald permission and handling of Canadian military gas mask canisters containing pure employed in the manufacture be traced Nine Of 199 persons end of 1975 56 had died 120 were still alive and 23 could not crocidolite 1939 to 1942 by the The risk of mesothelioma six involving the peritoneum 16 of the deaths were probably due to malignant to be many times greater than that after chrysotile mesothelioma after crocidolite exposure appears -Authors abstract reprinted by 168/79 TruCut Needle Biopsy in Asbestosis and Silicosis Correlation of Histological Changes with Radiographic Changes in 41 Patients P. Tukiafnen et al and Pulmonary Function Brit J. Ind Med 35 292-304 November 1978. 24 refs pneumoconiosis needle on 41 patients with suspected TruCut needle biopsy was performed with a A percutaneous well as questionable radiographic brief or unusual dust exposure as Patients selected for biopsy tended to have have dust dust containing quartz coal iron 13 to silica and 12 to mixed opacities Sixteen had been exposed to asbestos and most in the other two groups had reduced transfer factor asbestos and tale All patients in the asbestos group had restrictive ventilatory impairment the other patients and about 25 of Most patients in the asbestos group 24 Industrial Hygiene Digest : February 197 Chest radiographs were assessed according to standard films of the ILO C International Classification International Labour Office 1972 In 25 patients radiographic opacities were absent or scanty categories 0-1 The dominant radiographic feature of many patients exposed to asbestos was a ground appearance or a bilateral elevation of the diaphragm or both features difficult to assess according to the ILO C scheme Most histological changes were those usually seen in pneumoconiosis However in only two patients with silicosis were silicotic nodules detected The specimens of seven patients showed a granulomatous inflammation The severity of alveolar wall involvement correlated well with the transfer factor value but poorly with radiographic changes The profusion of radiographic opacities also correlated poorly with functional impairment As a diagnostic tool the needle biopsy was valuable in asbestosis and slightly less so in mixed fibrosis The biopsy specimens showed changes compatible with asbestosis in 75 of the suspected cases and in 86 of those in which asbestosis was the final diagnosis In the mixed group pneumoconiosis was confirmed in 67 and 80 respectively In the diagnosis of silicosis an open biopsy is probably more reliable than a percutaneous one particularly if radiographic changes are minimal Histological changes in the needle biopsy specimen were compatible with silicosis in only ; 36 of the suspected cases and in 63 of those in which the final diagnosis was silicosis --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 169/79 Experimental Silicosis Induced by Extra Crystalline Silicon Dust and the Effect of Polyvinyl on Its Evolution Yu N. Golodnikov Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 12 31-36 1978. 13 refs Russian 170/79 The effect of extra crystalline silicon dust on the lungs in an experiment and the possibility of treating pneumoconiosis provoked by this dust with polyvinyl were studied In the experiment a total of 96 animals divided into series were used The intensity of pneumosclerosis development was evaluated by determining the containing proteins and the lung preparations were subjected to a pathohistologica examination On the whole the pathogenic action of this dust is distinguished by a slower rate in the development of coarse silicotic nodules than occurs under the effect of quartz dust e --Author's summary in English Olivine Sand Appears to be a Winner Penn State's Small Industries Research Program Smaller Manufacturer 34 12-14 January 1979 A new molding sand for metal casting up to five times as expensive as the traditional silica sand may save money for foundries members and and help them stay in business management and workers at the If that seems contradictory Spring City Foundry PA are it is quick But three Penn State faculty to point out the advantages of olivine sand for molds And an initial large expenditure makes a lot sense if fewer molding additives bette casting quality less metal scrap less make sand to buy and less silica dust in the air are the advantages --Condensed from text 171/79 Evaluation ofa Fluorescent Dust Tracer Technique in Cotton Ginning Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 998-1008 December 1978. 18 refs M. Bethea et al A technique employing a fluorescent tracer for following the break and dispersion of cotton trash has beet developed Senescent cotton leaves were treated with a fluorescent dye pulverized to match the same particle size distribution as naturally occurring leaf in raw seed cotton and uniformly incorporated into the seed cotton mass prior to processing in a type micro A control lot was similarly processed excluding any dye Airborne samples collected from the major fugitive dust emission points by standard techniques macro trash Industrial Hygiene Digest February 1979 178/79 Brit Med J. 2 1662-1663 December 16 1978 Preventing Immersion Hypothermia Anonymous oil and production and perhaps another 5,000 or 10,000 on working in the North Sea in gas accidental immersion and About 25,000 people are number of these people suffer each year from merchant and fishing vessels An unknown survivors to a dry covered such deaths the ideal of transferring few die of hypothermia If we are to prevent of the helicopters where to stability a - including the and flotation life raft demands solutions to many problems in methods of escaping from a stricken possibly the rafts the outside of the machine and training crews on certainly important but in the past they place suits are Immersion helicopter and in the techniques of preservation attention from the wider and more important aspects of have been considered an easy solution distracting -Condensed from text preventing immersion hypothermia and drowning ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 179/79 L. Bruckman and R. A. Rubino Monitored Asbestos Concentrations in Connecticut 1978. 20 refs J. Air Poll Control Assn 28 1221-1226 December hazard ng fibers chrysotile Columbus late 1974 and early 1977 to define the magnitude of the health was conducted between An air asbestos survey of the State's proposed asbestos fibers in Connecticut prior to the promulgation posed by airborne asbestos day average A newly developed low standard i.e. 30 or 30,000 total asbestos flow rate of 4 cfm air quality continuously for 30 days at an air sampling volume particulate sampler which operates for subsequent asbestos used to collect ambient TSP samples equipped with special membrane filters was Laboratories and Walter C. McCrone Associates electron microscopic determination by the urban sites removed from selected ambient locations included typical Approximately 40 monitoring sites were to 4 industrial users of background sites stations contiguous 3 known stationary sources of asbestos emissions ammunition ammunition and molding compounds insulated wire and cable products asbestos i.e. manufacturers of friction Interstate 95 and indoors at a swimming pool at the University of situated at various points along material Ambient toll plazas with an containing insulating Connecticut the ceiling over the pool was sprayed sources in both urban and rural locations were below 10 chrysotile asbestos levels removed from asbestos emission measured near each of the industrial users of ng asbestos concentrations above 30 were to 25 m ng n However were also elevated in the 10 asbestos asbestos levels adjacent to the toll plazas of Furthermore braking lining decomposition as a significant source range implicating asbestos emissions from vehicle that the risk to public health m ng n air asbestos levels were below 1 suggesting airborne asbestos fibers Indoor applied indoors may not be as severe as previously associated with the deterioration of asbestos surface coatings abstract reprinted by permission . --Authors thought 180/79 Classification by Opposing Jets R. E. Pavlik and K. Willeke Variable Particle 1978. 17 refs Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 39 952-957 December axisymmetrically classification has been developed utilizing rates A new technique of aerodynamic particle by changing the jet flow the cut size can be varied from 0.8 to 3.6 ...m air jets For a fixed geometry Particles remain airborne after to extend the useful particle range Future designs are expected methods for analyzing the particle concentration separation permitting the use of continuous automated --Authors--Authors abstract reprinted by permission size and chemical composition 28 Fi 2 My oad a LITERATURE ' ao ABSTRACTS : ENVIRONMENTAL - AND J ofeOCCUPATIONAL Oo HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS March 1979 Volume 43 No. 3 FOUNDATION HEALTH INC .at a.- I5N23D1 UCSENTTRREIAAVLENUE 8 PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Juc4994 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST pars Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. si BLAS atta TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 200/79 -- 299/79 News Items ..-- Coming Events Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine Skin Diseases And Burns Chemical Hazards . Industrial Dusts and Inhalants 2. 0. - 6 6 ee ee ee es Physical Hazards . 6 1 6 6 ee ee ee es Environmental Problems . 1. 6 6 0 0 ee ee ee ee ee ee Preventive Engineering ' 06 - 0 6 ee ee ee ee Occupational Health Management Safety Accident Prevention Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ees . index Addresses of Journals Abstracted . et FEATURES Epidemiology of Malignant Tumors in Occupational Groups sohag il Methods and Peculiarities of Study Mortality Experience of 50 Workers with Occupational Exposures : * to the Products of Coal Hydrogenation Processes Industrial Cancer -- Whose Responsibility Application of Ultrasound in Assessing Burn Depth Lead Concentration in Single Hairs as a Monitor of Occupational Lead Exposure Psychological Dysfunctions in Exposed Workers to Biological Parameters of Exposure Relation Uptake Distribution and Elimination of Styrene in Man hte Concentration in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Clinical Features Mortality and Survival of Patients with Asbestosis March 1979 Volume 43 No. 3 Absl 223/79 Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst 260/79 266/79 Industrial Hygiene Digest penne make the workplace safe by reducing or eliminating dangerous company doctors Bingham suggested that employers to Bingham We share your concern about sex- and not by excluding certain workers Blum explained In the case of exposures In some cases however such distinctions are justifiable biased distinctions in regulatory decisions test data showing that mirex the females of childbearing age was based on Ferriamicide the decision to prohibit of treated animals EPA toxicologists effects caused adverse in the offspring principal ingredient in Ferriamicide to Ferriamicide may have abnormal women who are exposed pregnant interpreted this data as indicating that for pregnant women which would not affect children In fact we tried to find a way to provide protection those either permanently or temporarily The obvious ways such as excluding nonpregnant women employment sterile would result in impossible legal and administrative problems 79x by Children Job Safety & Health Report 9 28 February 13 1979 EPA Reports on Lead Absorption ry possibility lead inhaled and dietary lead than do adults according to a recent retain a larger portion of Institute of the Young children absorb and The study was conducted for EPA by issued by the Environmental Protection Agency a lead smelter report which studied families living near Medical Research and Occupational Health in Zagreb Yugoslavia with fathers who The Institute found that children those whose fathers were exposed to on the job did not work including levels than children whose fathers were occupationally exposed to lead had slightly higher exposure also indications that lead than their mothers There were with lead In all cases children absorbed more effect on increased lead absorption a to other metals could have a moderating simultaneous exposure of Children's Blood Levels Within being considered in an going study sponsored by EPA Copies of Study from Library Mail Drop 31 Environmental Research Families are available as EPA Report No. 1-78-067 Center Research Triangle Park N.C. 27514 e 79x Detailed Description of 70 Mesothelioma Occup Health & Safety Letter 9 3-4 Cases Provided in South February 22 1979 Africa and history of a mesothelioma series has come the clearest and most detailed information on symptoms of the South Perhaps Research Institute for Occupational Diseases Drs J. C. Cochrane and I. Webster of the National the fortunate from The detailed nature of the data is derived from African Medical Research Council Johannesburg thoracic surgeons of who had been referred to the Institute by of experience of being able to interview all 70 patients Dr. Irving J. Selikoff Mt. Sinai Medical Center New York Johannesburg and the Johannesburg General Hospital African study may be the most reaching investigation & told Occupational Health Safety Letter that the South we have done much and mesothelioma It goes far beyond anything of its kind ever conducted on asbestos exposure detailed information In only one of the investigators ability to interview the patients and get of it attibuted to not found even though the patients came from the 70 cases was a history of significant exposure to asbestos An occupational and environmental history diverse occupations This led Drs Cochrane and Webster to observe has been no asbestos before it is possible to conclude that there must be taken by a knowledgeable person 13 were in the asbestos- 11 worked in asbestos mining exposure Of the 69 patients with asbestos exposure and one was a medical officer five asbestos transport workers cement industry 16 in locomotive workshops were to asbestos but lived on or near asbestos mines in at an asbestos mine In addition 13 had no occupational exposure residence was required in a mining area on a minimum of three years category the Northern Cape For the latter where the subject had or less constantly in the air or in a town floating fiber was more of asbestos tailings during mine property where mill or on dumps of an asbestos mill or on dumps played in the grounds of an asbestos Journal last August 12 said of their who described their study in the south African Medical childhood The authors . Industrial Hygiene Digest March 1979 264/79 obtained that the local blood perfusion and the amount body fat were involved to a certain extent For this reason C. proved a somewhat less satisfactory individual parameter --Authors summary Letter to the Editor Hydrazine F. C. Roe Ann Occup Hyg 21 323-326 December 1978. 12 refs In a Letter to the Editor the preliminary which manufactured hydrazine are given The studies are being continued results of an epidemiological survey being conducted by a British company The results thus far do not indicate any greatly increased risk of cancer --JFB 265/79 Neurophysiological Effects of Term Exposure to a Scand J. Work Environ Health 4 304-314 December Mixture of Organic 1978 48 refs Solvents A. M. Seppalainen et al e to a mixture of organic solvents was studied among 102 cat Neurophysiological effects of term exposure in Helsinki The reference group consisted of 102 matched railronc painters from 27 car repair garages Railways engineers from the Finnish State The mean age was 35 years and the exposure time ranged from 1 to 40 to measurements the mean concentration of the solvent mixture was years mean 14.8 SD 8.5 According 31.8 of the Finnish threshold limit value TLV the range of separate relatively low in the garages namely TLVs The main components of about 20 organic solvents of components varying from 4 to 212 of the respective acetate and white spirit Electroencephalograms EEGs of all the 132 the mixture were toluene xylene butyl measurements were made of only electroneuromyographic exposed and 102 nonexposed subjects were studied but 59 car painters and 53 referents with a similar age distribution Motor MCV and CVSP and sensory conductin conductin SCV velocities as well as motor distal latencies were recorded from nerves in the upper and lower extremities and 37 referents The frequency of abnormal EEGs was in born 32 Abnormal EEGs were encountered in car painters basis of EEG literature about 10 Twenty car painters had a complex of groups higher than expected on the of disturbances in the central nervous system the same symptom complex was found 1 four common symptoms engineers Forty percent of the car painters with this symptom complex had an abnormal EEG while only 20 of those without this symptom complex had an abnormal EEG Railroad engineers did not show such a tendency motor distal latencies were found in 12 of the 59 car painters out Abnormally slow MCVs or SCVs and prolonged in none of the 53 engineers studied Other authors have stressed that many solvents primarily cause neuropsuv while objective signs of central nervous involvement have been minor if any The authors findings are similar they showed slight positive signs of slowed nerve conduction velocities among the car painters and no increase in EEG abnormalities in comparison to the reference group of railroad engineers --Authors abstract reprinted by permission . INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 266/79 a Clinical Features Mortality and Survival of Patients with Asbestosis M. S. Huuskonen Scand J. Work Environ Health 4 265-274 December 1978. 30 refs This paper describes the characteristic clinical features mortality and survival rate of 202 patients diagnosed as having asbestosis by the Institute of Occupational Health between 1934 and 1976. patients were subjected to a clinical reexamination Major findings included One hundred breathlessness and thirty in 118 88.7 23 Industrial Hygiene Digest March 1979 ; in 95 71.4 crepitations in 77 58.0 and finger clubbing in 43 32.3 Of the 95 patients persistent sputum nonsmokers Of the 174 men registered as having asbestosis 56 had died with persistent sputum 19 20.0 were Finnish general population was only 23.4 whereas the expected number of deaths among men of the same age in the figures for lung cancer were 19 observed and 2.1 expected No excess mortality was found for other The respective shorter for smokers than for non- and exsmokers malignomas Among men with asbestosis the life expectancy was -Author's abstract reprinted by permission ; Radiographic and Physiological Findings in Patients with Asbestosis A. Zitting et al Scand J. Work Environ Health 4 275-283 December 1978. 22 refs 133 for a series of Finnish patients with asbestosis Radiographic and respiratory functional findings are reported 1/0 found to have radiographically mild diffuse pulmonary fibrosis profusion 0/1 Of these patients 65 49 were 2/3 or more fibrosis 1/2 2/1 or 2/2 and 20 15 diffuse fibrosis in an advanced stage or 1/1 48 36 moderate advanced in the lower zones The type of fibrosis was mostly irregular 110 = 83 Fibrosis was typically the most calcifications The more of the lungs Of the 133 patients 88 66 showed pleural changes and 78 59 pleural severe the fibrosis as seen in the radiographs the greater the decrease in vital capacity VC and expiratory volume in s Transfer factor was generally impaired only in advanced cases of asbestosis fibrosis 2/3 or FEV ) FEV more In general obstruction was not observed in this series Pleural changes seemed to decrease VC and T when the fibrosis was mild 0/1 1/0 or 1/1 They had no effect on diffusion capacity . , reprinted --Authors abstract by permission 268/79 Huuskonen Sputum Cytology of Asbestosis Patients M. S. et al Scand J. Work Environ Health 4 284-294 December 1978 25 refs 59 of whom were chronic cigarette smokers were subjected to One hundred and fourteen patients with asbestosis examination which showed 36 workers 31.6 with squamous metaplasia 20 17.5 with a cytological sputum 5 4.4 with benign dysplasia 2 with suspicious cells for carcinoma and 1 with benign columnar cell atypia and histologically five lung cancers were verified two of which anaplastic microcellular carcinoma Clinically were chronic smokers Of the 114 were cytologically false negatives All asbestosis patients with lung cancer bodies in their sputum The workers from an asbestos quarry more asbestosis patients 49 43.0 had ferruginous patients than the other Radiographically moderate bodies frequently had ferruginous in their sputum specimens than those with radiographically slight and severe asbestosis cases showed squamous metaplasia more frequently asbestosis Most of the detected cellular atypias represented reversible alterations of the respiratory epithelium to screen the sputum of older > 40 years of age smoking asbestos workers with benign It is however important these alterations may represent the first step in the pathway to and suspicious cellular atypias regularly because of whether bronchial cancer of patients bronchogenic cancer The results of this study did not answer the question with asbestosis is curable if detected early with cytological methods --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 269/79 Effects of Asbestos and Asbestos in Intraperitoneal Tests on Rats Intl Arch Occup Environ Health 42 3-4 169-183 1979. refs German W. Weller The effects of chrysotile intraperitoneal tests with B and crocidolite rats lasting up to well as well as 6 months . of asbestos dust mixtures were studied in An assessment was made based on organ weight 24 : Industrial Hygiene Digest March 1979 determinations and pathological examinations The following results were obtained The weight of lung lymph nodes of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes and most of all the total lymph node weight obtained by addition of both values show an unequivocal correlation to dust injections Crocidolite provokes a considerable greater quantitative reaction than chrysotile If mixed with quartz chrysotile has an inhibitory effect whereas for crocidolite almost at addition of the effects of quartz and asbestos components can be observed After an injection of chrysotile and crocidolite the modifications in the omentum are rather scarce they do not occur in other organs Crocidolite however causes extensive adhesions of omentum liver spleen and diaphragm Both asbestos dusts are to bc classified as fibrogenic a progression of modifications does not take place Ferruginous bodies were only found after a test period of 6 months in the group with the highest crocidolite dose As particular pathologica modifications in all crocidolite groups ascites and ovarian cysts were observed There were no indications as to the pathogenesis of these modifications . --Author's summary in English 270/79 A Comprehensive Program in Asbestos Hazard Surveillance and Education Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 11-19 January 1979 J. S. Felton The surveillance program of asbestos workers at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard consists of a variety of cimica examinations and consultations educational efforts targeted toward individual patients and groups environmental a measurement maintenance of pertinent monographic and periodic literature and records and report maintenance ' -Author's summary reprinted by permission 271/79 The Routine Monitoring of Airborne Asbestos in an Occupational Environment Ann Occup Hyg 21 315-322 December 1978 3 refs A. L. Rickards A description is given of the techniques and strategy employed in the routine monitoring of a major asbestos text le factory employing about 1500 persons where both background and personal sampling is carried out In order to maintain a regular surveillance of the working efficiency of the many fixed ventilation systems in the factory a rapid monitoring system has been devised based on a portable Royco particle counter The instrument has bee fitted with an analogue display meter attached to a pistol sampling probe which enables an instantaneous read out of dust level In addition to the background monitoring system a personal sampling programme is carried out ri which every person working with asbestos in the factory is sampled once every 3 months Membrane filter sampler are worn for h periods i.e. approximately of a working shift while the persons concerned are carrying . out their normal job routines The entire personal sampling operation is based upon a computer data controi and recording system operating from the company payroll file The data obtained from personal monitoring are obviously important in the formulation and review of Occupational Hygiene standards and also in identifying areas which require engineering attention --Author's --Author's abstract reprinted by permission . 272/79 | Fibrous Mineral Dusts and Malignant Tumors An Epidemiological Study of Mortality B. A. Katsnelson and K. A. Mokronosova J. Occup Med 21 15-20 January 1979. 35 refs The connection between enhanced oncological risk and the exposure to fibrous mineral dusts receives a contradictory but mostly negative estimation in the literature The present authors estimated the death rate by relating the number of deaths from cancer registered at different companies during a 21- to year span to the number of years of work for all employees during the same period The death rates calculated as above were 25 APRIL 1979 VOLUME 43 NO 4 LITERATURE ABSTRACTS oy ENVIRONMENTAL ro OCCUPATIONAL ee - AND Se , HEALTH po Bo AND ' SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AVENUE 5231 CENTRE , FOUNDATION INC PA 15232 PITTSBURGH . Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 300/79 wwwww 399/79 News Items . 6. ee ee ee et Coming Events se Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets eet er Industrial Medicine b 0 6 ee Skin Diseases And Burns Chemical Hazards oss ce Industrial Dusts and Inhalants 0 eee rs beets Physical Hazards Environmental Problems '.) ee he Preventive Engineering - see ese Occupational Health Management ee ett er tet ee te tt Safety Accident Prevention Analytical Methods Miscellaneous - - 6. 6 6 ee er tom Index 2. 5 ee ee ee et Addresses of Journals Abstracted . - FEATURES o Preventive Medicine and the Bottom Line ~~ Medical Issues Presented by the Pregnant Worker -- The Control and Prevention of Dermatitis at Work Statistical Analysis of Epidemiological Data from a Chromium Chemical Manufacturing Plant ~~ Saturable Metabolism and the Acute Toxicity of Dichloroethylene Proceedings of the International Symposium on Styrene ~ Occupational and Toxicological Aspects NCTR Symposium on the Use of Inbred and Outbred Animals in Toxicological Testing of Measurements of Employee Exposure to Airborne Dust Summary -- Made Mineral Fibers and Fiber in Sixteen Facilities Producing April 1979 Volume 43 No. 4 1 4 5 14 14 15 15 23 23 27 27 31 J1 32 3 4 37 Abst Abst . Abst 321/79 325/79 336/79 Abst Abst Absl 79x Abst 79x Abst 365779 April 1979 1979 Volume 43 Number 4 : . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGLST Industrial Health Joundation Joundation 3231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15237 NEWS ITEMS 79x Mt. Sinai Investigators Report New Findings on Asbestos Exposure Occup Health & Safety Letter 9 3-4 March 22 1979 The ubiquitous nature of asbestos bodies in the general population occupational as well as occupational was emphasized by Dr. Arthur M. Langer of Mt. Sinai School of Medicine He spoke at an International Conference or Critical Current Issues in Environmental Health Hazards in Tel Aviv Israel Eleven separate occupational categories some not consecutive autopsies considered as high risk groups in asbestos were selected for analysis in at three New York City hospitals Lung parenchyma was selected from a study of 3,000 seven anatomical sites from both lungs and the tissues were processed for evaluation of their inorganic particulate content Quantification of asbestos bodies and uncoated fibers was made for each of 302 cases studied and the individual's correlated and social histories were cross with histological findings Selected occupations appear to obcecupational associated with asbestos bodies and uncoated fibers in concentrations which reflect intense asbestos exposure Dr. Langer said For example asbestos bodies in lung parenchyma were found in 100 percent of asbestos workers 85 percent of shipyard workers 75 percent of construction workers 60 percent of maintenance workers The reported bodies decrease as the percentage of exposure decreases Another induMstt.ry on asbestosis among maintenance workers in the chemical Sinai investigator Dr. Ruth Lillis She and her colleagues examined 185 maintenance workers in a chemical plant most with more than 10 years of employment Radiologic evidence of parenchymal abnormality the cases in interstitial fibrosis was found in 24 percent of the 185 workers and in 11 percent this was the only Pleural fibrosis and calcification was found in the absence of parenchymal fibrosis in 14 percent of another 14 percent both parenchymal and pleural abnormalities were detected Dr. Lillis said The incidence was significantly higher in those employed 20 or more years Pleural abnormalities were more prevalent than parenchymal changes she said The prevalence of chronic bronchitis by MRC questionnaire in smokers was very similar 19 percent to that found in present or former smokers 23 percent Plans were formulated at the meeting for establishment of an international mesothelioma registry to be located in Israel with Mt. Sinai ~ School of Medicine serving as a resource --Condensed from text 301 79x Business Roundtable Study Finds Noise Occup Safety and Health Reporter 8 Toxic Substances Rules are 1577 March 22 1979 Most Costly . A recent Business Roundtable study conducted by the accounting firm of Arthur Anderson & Company found that compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations cost 48 companies 184 million in direct measurable costs in 1977 60 million of which was spent to comply with regulations covering toxic and hazardous substances The study found compliance with noise regulations the second most costly of OSHA regulations accounting environmental control for the majority The companies all of the 30 million spent large corporations and all in the area of members of the occupational health and corporation Business Roundtable incurred a total of 2.6 billion in incremental costs to comply with rules of the six agencies more than ; Industrial Hygiene Digest 328/79 Pathophysiology of Raynaud's Disease J. L. Halperin and J. D. Coffman Arch Internal Med 139 89-92 January 1979. 38 rofs Vasospasm implies reversible vasoconstriction that may diminish blood flow to supplied tissues Initially described by Maurice Raynaud in 1862 episodic vasospastic ischemia of the digits characterizes Raynaud's phenomenon the idiopathic variety is termed Raynaud's disease The typical acute attack comprises sequential phases of digital pallor cyanosis and rubor induced by cold or emotive stimuli The demarcated pallor of a part or all of one or more digits during an episode of vasospasm presumed to derive from spastic constriction of the digital arteries or .arterioles while subsequent cyanosis is attributed to retarded blood flow in dilated capillaries and venules After a period of minutes to several hours local rubor develops as a consequence of reactive hyperemia In some paticnts only pallor or cyanosis occurs Dysesthesiac and regional diaphoresis may coincide with the ischemic phase while throbbing pain often accompanies recovery Trophic changes of selerodactyly and rarely fingertip ulcerations or gangrene may develop in severe cases The diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed --Condensed from text 329/79 Identification and Evaluation of Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measuring Techniques Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 47 193-201 February 1979. 8 refs C. R. Hassler et al The applicability of noninvasive blood pressure devices to the rhesus monkey and beagle dog during toxicological research protocols was investigated An extensive literature survey of this subject was undertaken Newer developments in this field and blood pressure measurement in the two species of interest were noted A survey of all known manufacturers of noninvasive blood pressure measurement equipment was made From this list sample devices were selected for animal studies An acute study was performed on both dogs and monkeys to ascertain the accuracy of the selected devices The Physiometrics USM device was found to be the most accurate for measuring systolic and diastolic pressures in both dogs and monkeys In chronic studies monkeys and dogs were monitorefodr 3 weeks The Physiometries device was found to be the most satisfactory The Arteriosonde 10116016 and Infrasonde devices were found to be acceptable but not as accurate In dogs at least 50 of the animals coul be trained within 1 week to tolerate blood pressure measurement and give reasonable readings 75 could be trained in 2 weeks In monkeys approximately 60 of the animals would yield reasonable blood pressure readings and the conditioning and training periods appeared much less critical --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 330/79 A Diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma F. Caravelli and M. B. Zaman . Clin Bull 8 4 161-163 1978. 5 refs The case reported illustrates that the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma may require the services of a number of medical specialties The evaluation of this particular patient was difficult because of the childhood history of a previous pleurisy a negative biopsy and the apparent symptomatic improvement following treatment with antituberculosis medications The development of a lobulated pleural thickening on radiograph suggested a malignant process which was confirmed on needle aspiration This sequence of events ultimately led to the correct diagnosis being made and appropriate treatment being instituted --Condensed from text e Industrial Hygiene Digest April 1979 proves the existence of silicotic risk in workers duration of more than 15 years Chest radiographs showed 7 silicotic workers all with working --Author's abstract in English 367/79 Byssinosis Chronic Bronchitis and Pathology of Ventilatory Function in a Population of Workers Exposed to Flax Dust A. Rossi et al Med Lavoro 69 698-707 December 1978 48 refs Italian One hundred and seventy linen workers.were submitted to clinical examination and lung function tests At the same time a study of the airborne dust was made in the factory where an abnormally high environmental pollution had been registered ( > 1 mSymptoms were recorded using the European Coal and Steel Commission questionnaire with additional questions on byssinosis Lung function was studied by measuring lung volumes and the volume curve The incidence of chronic bronchitis was 16 while only 5 workers showed symptoms of byssinosis Both the symptoms and the alterations in lung function were related to duration of exposure --Condensed from authors abstract in English 368/79 An Experimental Study on Fibrogenicity of the Oil Absorbant Particles Made of Expanded Perlite A. Ueda et al Jap J. Ind Health 20 367-373 November 1978. refs Japanese , The authors examined the tissue reaction of the oil absorbant particles made of expanded perlite Five milligrams of perlite dust suspended in % alcohol were infused intratracheally into lungs of rats and 12 weeks after the injection tissues from the left lung of the rats were examined pathohistologically Tissue hydroxyproline in the right lung of each rat was quantitatively determined The results are summarized as follows Twelve weeks after the injection some of the alveolar ducts and alveoli were filled with particles of perlite dust and the wall of these alveoli was thickened in which phagocytes and lymphocytes were observed Giant cell granulomatous foci and infiltration of numerous mononuclear or rounded cells were found in the interstitium of the intraalveolar septa of the lung In these foci fibroblast proliferation was observed but the replacement of collagen fibers was not so great Glallet's cell proliferation was observed sporadically The amount of tissue hydroxyproline was estimated to be 3.95 -0.59 mg per dry weight for the perlite group 5.62 + 0.94 mg for the quartz sand group and 6.38 + 1.89 mg for the kaolin group The results suggest that the particles of expanded perlite do not show strong fibrogenicity to the lung tissue However the lung would have shown fibrosis slowly but steadily if a large quantity of perlite particles had been deposited for a long time in the alveoli -Authors abstract in English 369/79 Radiological Changes After Withdrawal from Asbestos Exposure Brit J. Ind Med 36 23-28 February 1979. 9 refs M. R. Becklake et al A group of 135 employees of the Quebec chrysotile production industry comprising men who were born between 1901 and 1920 who had left the industry between 1950 and 1961 and had been radiographed before leaving attended in 1972 for a medical examination and further chest radiograph This report concerns 86 men whose withdrawal film was within 12 months of leaving and who had not been exposed subsequently to asbestos or other fibrogenie dust Seven separate assessments were made of the paired radiographs side by side in known tempor order The assessments were classified as showing increase or no change In 66 pairs men with the years employment or longer at least four assessments were of parenchymal increase in six of pleural increase in 13 and of both parenchymal and pleural increase in two total 21 or 31 There was similar agreement of no change in 24 pairs 36 and evidence was equivocal in the remaining 21 pairs Parenchymal increase was not agreed in any of the 20 pairs from men with shorter employment but pleural increase was seen in four of Industrial Hygiene Digest April 1979 these men a proportion similar to that in those exposed longer The authors conclude that the parenchymal changes observed after leaving the industry most of which were attacks rather than progression were attributable to the earlier occupational exposure to chrysotile there were no important differences in age or smoking habit between those with and without parenchymal change --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 370/79 Toxicological Assessment of Potential Hazards from New Inorganic Fibres J. Soc Occup Med 29 20-21 January 1979. 4 refs G. H. Pigott and J. Ishimael An experimental programme to evaluate the potential hazard of inorganic fibres is described Model systems both in vitro and in vivo which may be used to evaluate the probable effects of fibres are critically examined and the problems inherent in interpretation of results are discussed The use of such systems both individually and in combination is illustrated by reference to results obtained from ICI experimental fibres , --Authors summary reprinted by permission 371/79 Pharmacological Alteration of Induced Lung Toxicity J. Yam and R. J. Roberts Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 47 367-375 February 1979. 44 refs The effect of eight selected drugs on induced pulmonary injury was evaluated in the rat Several drug treatments including meclofenamate 5 day aminophylline 15 day and vitamin C 20 and 50 every 12 hr were found not to alter the survival of rats in 96 to 98 oxygen Although vitamin E deficiency has repeatedly been shown to aggravate oxygen toxicity pharmacologic doses of vitamin E 20 and 50 every 12 hr in animals maintained on a normal diet did not offer protection against induced lung toxicity For the remaining drug treatments the activity of pulmonary antioxidant defense systems superoxide dimutase SOD catalase CA glutathione peroxidase GP and reduced glutathione GSH were analyzed to explore the possible mechanism of pharmacological alteration of oxygen toxicity Lungs from rats treated with dexamethasone 0.4 day were found to have greater induced lung damage and significantly lower pulmonary antioxidant activity Rats pretreated with propylthiouracil 10 day showed less induced lung damage and greater pulmonary GSH levels and CA activity Indomethacin pretreatment did not affect the course of oxygen toxicity or the activity of pulmonary antioxidant defense systems GSH levels were lower in lungs of rats pretreated with levothyroxine 16.7 day which produced an accelerated development of pulmonary oxygen toxicity It was concluded that modification of the activity of the pulmonary antioxidant defense systems provides a plausible mechanism in explaining pharmacological alteration of induced pulmonary injury --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 372/79 Histamine Release from Platelets for Assay of Byssinogenic Substances in Cotton Mill Dust and Related Materials S. K. Ainsworth et al Brit J. Ind Med 36 35-42 February 1979. 42 refs Previous reports suggest that byssinosis an asthma condition among textile workers may be mediated in part by histamine liberated following inhalation of dust A simple sensitive and reliable procedure using pig platelets which contain the unusually high concentration of 0.8-1.6 ghistamine cells has been devised for the assay of histamine factors in cotton mill dust and related materials and has yielded results generally in accordance with earlier assays using chopped lung tissue As little as 50-100 g of total extractable substances from cotton mill dust can be measured The activity of the extract is associated with the dialysable high . . 26 LITERATURE ABSTRACTS. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND " SAFETY NEWS May 1979 Volume 43 No. 5 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE : FOUNDATION INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. May 1979 Volume 43 No. 5 : TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 400/79 -- 497/79 News Items . - + + a . Coming Events .- - eee ee ree tt tS hone Legal Developments " +: - a Books Pamphlets and 6. - - 2 ere tt tt eee eee es Industrial Medicine 2. 2. 6 6 6 ee es er ws oo Skin Diseases And Burns 2. - ee ee tt ee Lee ee wee Chemical Haz6a 6 eer eed ets e ts .. Industrial Dusts and Inhalants " 6 6 6 ee ee eh et Physical Hazards ee et " se ee Radiation 2 0k ee ee ee ts Environmental Problems . - - 6 se eee eee hes Preventive Engineering - - - - 6 ete Occupational Health Management 6 ee tt ee ee et rt Safety Accident . Prevention Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . - + +--+ Index . Addresses of Journals Abstracted - - . 6 ee ee te ee et toe 1 6 6 2 11 - 15 16 25- 27 . 27 29 30 30 31 32 33 35 FEATURES Pregnancy Outcome Among Women Working in Squamous Cell Skin Cancer in the North and Its Relation to Occupation Swedish Hospitals of England 1967-69 The Duhring Chamber An Improved Technique for Epicutaneous Testing of Irritant and Allergic Reactions Lung Disorders in Aluminum Potroom Workers Lead Exposure Among Children ww A Reassessment Preventive Mechanism of Spironolactone Against Mercury : Renal Damage Role of Metallothionein Mortality Experience of Workers in a Vinyl Chloride Monomer Production Plant Occupational Chronic Exposure to Organic Solvents of Toluene in Man VII Metabolism Abst 428/79 Abst 431/79 Abst Abst Abst 438/79 441/79 447/79 Abst 452/79 Abst 461/79 Abst 465/79 May 1979 Volume 43 Number 5 Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 ' INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST NEWS ITEMS 400 Asbestos More Details Revealed in Study of San Francisco Shipyard Workers Occup Safety & Health Reporter 8 1632 April 5 1979 Results of the first asbestos surveillance study of present and former shipyard workers in the San Francisco area were made public March 24 at a meeting of government officials and concerned community members Bay The study was conducted by the Western Institute for Occupational and Environmental Sciences a Berkeley Calif organization headed by Philip Polakoff The findings generally back up those of other asbestos studies such as those compiled by Irving Selikoff of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York However the San Francisco survey for the first time documents adverse health effects suffered by longshore workers and women who worked in shipyards during World War II Polakoff said his study was not designed so much to add to the scientific literature on asbestos health effects as it was to raise the consciousness of those who have been exposed to the fibers to may persuade them to stop smoking and press for benefits to which they be entitled for disabilities suffered as a result of asbestos exposure He admitted that minimal funding for the project mostly from unions precluded giving detailed medical examinations and pulmonary function tests to each of the 2,270 persons who participated give The survey results are almost certain to new impetus to drives in California and in Congress to compensate victims of asbestos diseases Any compensation program even at Polakoff estimates that 400,000 persons have worked in shipyards in the a state level is likely to be very costly San Francisco Bay area at one time or another since 1940. Based on his survey's findings half of those appear to be at risk of developing a lung ailment associated with asbestos exposure --Condensed from text 79x Gallup Polls Show 62 of Americans Aware of Asbestos Health Hazards Occup Health & Safety Letter 9 5-6 April 8 1979 e A poll conducted for HEW's National Cancer Institute by Gallup reveals that 62 percent of adult Americans have heard or seen something recently on the health hazards of asbestos exposure Findings of the poll taken last 1,500 October represent an increase of 12 percent awareness since an earlier Gallup poll last June The two surveys of adults each were conducted in an attempt to gauge the impact of HEW's campaign to inform the public about the hazards of past asbestos exposure The identical surveys each posed eight questions designed to determine what Americans know about the health risks of past asbestos exposure and what can be done to reduce those risks The primary recollection of people who had heard about asbestos was that substance causes cancer said Dr. Arthur C. Upton NCI Director However only four percent correctly stated that quitting smoking could reduce the risks of asbestos disease in exposed persons Special target audiences in the campaign are persons over 50 and manual laborers Although the the general population in their older group is knowledge of most aware of the asbestos hazards manual laborers still lag behind the problem The majority of those who said they had heard or read something about asbestos were able to link asbestos with lung cancer and lung damage or at least to identify the substance as hazardous a cause of illness or a source of respiratory problems On the other hand many of those Industrial Hygiene Digest May 1979 surveyed incorrectly linked asbestos exposure with headaches heart attacks high blood pressure and diabetes Nevertheless said HEW this suggests an increase in general awareness linking asbestos exposure to serious disease The number of persons who know that those exposed to asbestos should see a physician is also increasing In October 31 percent of Americans stated that seeking a physician was a way to reduce the health risks of asbestos exposure whereas in June only 25 percent recognized that fact The number of people who mentioned the importance of chest rays and reguar checkups also increased Public understanding of the link between asbestos exposure and occupation improved somewhat However there was not much change with respect to specific occupations Fewer than one in three in either June or October correctly linked asbestos exposure to installing and replacing brake linings But nearly eight of ten respondents correctly linked asbestos exposure to occupational settings such as construction mining and shipbuilding that illness related to asbestos exposure may take There was substantial improvement in public understanding more than 20 years to develop However the level of understanding remains low for the total sample and for the two target groups over 50 and manual laborers Most people still do not know when symptoms related to past exposure are likely to occur HEW's public awareness program urges exposed individuals to seek further information quit smoking get medical checkups and get prompt treatment for respiratory illness The campaign explains that exposure to airborne asbestos dust increases the risk of developing asbestosis mesothelioma and lung and certain gastrointestinal cancers Note Dr. Sidney Wolfe of Ralph Nader's Health Research Group and other consumer representatives complain that the HEW campaign is remiss in not telling workers they have a right to file lawsuits seeking damages against their employers for past or present exposure --Text reprinted by permission 79x Chemical Waste Disposal Survey Begins Chem & Eng News 57 6 April 30 1979 A Congressional investigating panel has sent out highly detailed questionnaires to the 50 largest U.S. chemical manufacturers seeking information on chemical waste disposal practices since 1950. The survey is particularly concerned with abandoned or inactive chemical waste disposal sites It is the first national survey into chemical Eckhardt disposal Texas Democrat Bob chairman of the House Commerce Commitee's Investigations Swuabstceommittee insists that chemical firms are the initial target of the survey simply because the industry produces large quantities of potentially dangerous wastes and not because chemical makers are the lone producers of hazardous wastes Our objective says Eckhardt is not to assess blame or give undue publicity regarding the disposal practices of this industry or any of its component companies The chemical industry and closely related industries such as rubber and plastics account for nearly 50 of wastes considered hazardous by the Environmental Protection Agency Moreover chemical firms already have been in the hot seat at Congressional inquiries into publicized incidents of buried chemical wastes rising to the surface arousing alarm in nearby residents Eckhardt held a private briefing last week to tell chemical firms what his subcommittee is looking for Eckhardt had said before that We are soliciting their cooperation and assistance in locating sites which are now unknown but which may contain time bombs of hazardous materials ticking toward catastrophic health and property damage --Condensed from text 79x Revisions to Industrial Hygiene Manual Affect OSHA Citation Inspection Policy Occup Safety & Health Reporter 8 1692-1693 April 26 1979 Changes in inspection priority and citation procedures are among several revisions which will become effective June 4 in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual The manual has been under revision for two years by OSHA area regional and national personnel and staff from the . Industrial Hygiene Digest May 1979 477/79 Authors Corrections to An Investigation of the Use of Asbestos Cement Pipe for Public Water Supply and the Incidence of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Connecticut 1935-1973 J. M. Harrington and G. Craun Am J. Epidemiol 109 382 March 1979. refs The authors call attention to several errors in the published version of their paper which appeared in American Journal of Epidemiology 107 96-103 1078 --Condensed from text PHYSICAL HAZARDS 478/79 Industrial Humidification ... Psychrometric Considerations and Effects of Humidification Plant Eng 33 150-153 March 22 1979 A. L. Kaschub The importance of humidification is discussed in a three series The first article looks at psychrometric considerations and the effects of humidification the second part examines types of equipment and the thir describes how to make load and energy calculations --Condensed from text 479/79 Decibels Made Simple R. Merrinian Occup Health 31 116-120 March 1979 The purpose of this article is to try to help make sense out of.noise of.noise level figures by explaining the units involved It is not intended to provide detailed technical knowledge but to produce a phrasebook of some of the language used by the specialist . --Condensed from text RADIATION 480/79 Radiation Carcinogenesis and Radiological Protection G. W. Dolphin Environ Res 18 140-146 February 1979. '20 refs 481/79 With the publication of the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection several new issues have arisen The Commission arrives at its recommendations for dose limits using a theoretical or predictive method making use of the data on risks of cancer in populations who have been accidentally or iatrogenically exposed The issues of importance in this method are discussed particularly the the concept of acceptable risk An alternative method for setting dose limits a pragmatic method involves the study of the cancer incidence in radiation workers and a comparison with cancer incidence in other occupations and industries --Author's abstract reprinted by permission . Assessment and Significance of the Skeletal Doses Due to 210 in Radioactive Spa Workers G. F. Clemente et al Environ Res 18 120-126 February 1979. 20 refs The high exposure due to radon and daughter products found in many Italian radioactive spas suggested a research program designed to assess the lung and skeletal doses accumulated by the subjects working in those spas The assessment of such doses will permit the evaluation of the significance of a follow of the exposed subjects with 27 > June 1979 Volume 43 No. 6 / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS : Se ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL , HEALTH AND | SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE - PITTSBURGH PA 15232 _- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST 3 Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 498/79 - 598/79 News see ee terres ra Serr ee Coming Events -. ee ee ee ett tt Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets +--+ -- * +++: eee eee ope nee aoe ses +-- r + t Industrial Medicine er - . - + + Chemical Hazards - - eee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . rt - - tte eee ttt te ea + + sr Physical Hazards seeeer tt Radiation + eee ee ee Environmental Problems ee ee Occupational Health Management ee er ret + ee ress ee ee eee Safety Accident + Prevention In " d eee eex tee eee June 1979 Volume 43 No. 6 1 . . ~~. 7 8 9 12 15 26 30 32 33 - 34 . 34 36 FEATURES Cancer Mortality in U.S. Counties with Shipyard Industries During World War II Lung Contamination Among Foundry Workers Strength and Fitness and Subsequent Back Injuries in Firefighters On the Problems of Evaluating Bronchial Exposure to Chromium Compounds Carcinoma After Service Station Attendants Exposure to Benzene and Gasoline Vapors Chronie Exposure to Organic Solvents VIII Phenolic Occupational in Man Simultaneous Compounds Metabolites of Alkylbenzenes Exposure to Ethylbenzene and Xylenes Toxicology of the Sulfur Oxides The Cost to Industry of Noise Control to Protect Employees Hearing | 11 11 1 _ - _- Abst Abst Abst 523/79 524/79 532/79 Abst Abst 536/79 555/79 Abst Abst Abst 558/79 574/79 581/79 ' Industrial Hygiene Digest June 1979 retention in the cerebellum meninges and spinal nerves indicating chloroform which showed a specific term in several organs mainly interactions with specific nervous tissue receptors Solvent metabolites appeared rapidly the liver and kidney and were excreted both via urine and bile Toluene and xylene metabolites were completely and all extractable whereas firmly bound metabolites were registered after inhalation of benzene styrene in the liver and kidney but also in the bronchi of the lung compartment chlorinated solvents notably were observed for the majority of the solvents selected for study although a compartment exhaled pharmacokinetics rate curves for styrene methylene chloride and chloroform in the model was found to fit the elimination since lower rate constants air The fat solubility of the solvents was found to influence their pharmacokinetics were generally obtained for the expiration of more fat soluble solvents -Condensed from author's abstract 565/79 Respiratory Retention and Acute Toxicity of Furan Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 310-314 April 1979. J. L. Egle Jr. and B. J. Gochberg refs : 10 : retention of furan has been studied in dogs as part of a broad investigation of compounds The respiratory tract determined in mice and rats and the LD found in the vapor phase of cigarette smoke The of furan has also been with the ventilatory rate in mice Respiratory uptake of furan was between 90 and 95 varying inversely LC but was directly related to concentration inhaled Retention was not affected by tidal volume changes LC mL values were 5.2 mg for rats and 7.0 mg for mice The for mice was 0.12 50 Intraperitoneal LD of furan and that it is readily absorbed by the inhalation route These results indicate the high toxicity --Authors abstract reprinted by permission INDUSTRIAL DUSTS INHALANTS 566/79 567/79 Historical Background to the Asbestos Problem D. H. K. Lee and I. J. Selikoff Environ Res 18 300-314 April 1979. 95 refs This review covers the history of asbestos production and use and the gradual recognition of its adverse in the development and manufacture of asbestos from 1857 health A chronological table of the events + . --JFB given U.S. consumption for 1972 is also tabulated effects on to 1972 is The Problem of Asbestosis in Spain F. Segarra J. Occup Med 21 279-280 April 1979. 9 refs described in Spain from 1948 through 1974 Since 1975 the Instituto About 50 cases of asbestosis have been Social de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo has initiated a survey of all the Territorial de Barcelona Servicio detected to date industries with an asbestosis risk in the Barcelona area Nearly 300 cases of asbestosis have been of most of the industries with an asbestosis risk and the considerably large Given the poor hygienic conditions of the disease in the it can easily be predicted that a rapid increase of the incidence number of exposed people cases in Barcelona were from two fibrocement industries Of a years to come will occur Most of the observed total of 1003 workers examined 247 about 25 had asbestosis -Author's summary reprinted by permission 26 Pw R eA EP EWE : July 1979 aR Volume 43 No. 7 _ AU hegludiog ve pt INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL 7 ; OY AND a OCCUPATIONAL | | HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC / 5231 CENTRE AVENUE PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. July 1979 Volume 43 No. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS : This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 599/79 -- 691/79 News Items . 0. 0 ee ee Coming Events 2 6 6 6 Legal Developments ' 6 ee 6 6 Books and Pamphlets 6 6 ee ee ee ee 6 6 ee eee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee et ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee es Industrial Medicine 6 6 6 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee Skin Diseases and Burns 1 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eR Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts . and 1 6 ee Inhalants ee . 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 6 ew ee eee ee ee ee ee ees Physical Hazards Radiation . 6 0 6 6 ce ee ee ee ee eye ee te ee ee ee he ee ee ee ee en ee ee ee ee Ee ee Environmental Problems 1. 6 0 ee ee 8 Safety Accident Prevention ' 6 ee pee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 1. ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee es es Index 6 6 ee ee ee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . ee 6. ee ef ee ee es FEATURES A Mortality Study of Oil Refinery Workers . Liver Carcinogenesis Guide for the Evaluation of Hearing Handicap Lead Absorption by Children of Battery Workers Longitudinal Study of Reactive IgE Antibodies in Workers Hypersensitive to TDI Lung Cancer Mortality in Aluminum Reduction Plant Workers The Biologic Classification of Insoluble Respirable Dusts Noise Abatement Zones Fixed Premises A Method for Controlling Noise from e boo } --- + --- } Abst Abst Abst Abst Abst 649/79 Abst 650/79 Abst 656/79 Abst 662/79 Industrial Hygiene Digest www eee eee eae ne . _ July 1979 and FEF during the day than did controls More of the smelter workers felt chest tightness No change in closing volumes was seen Smelter higher percentage of sputum samples with moderate and marked workers tended to have a atypia than did controls but the difference was not statistically significant --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 658/79 Nonsmoking Grain Handlers in Saskatchewan Airways Reactivity and Allergic Status J. W. Gerrard et al J. Occup Med 21 + 342-346 May 1979 14 refs This study was carried out to determine whether respiratory disease in Saskatchewan grainhandlers was or was not due to hypersensitivity to grain dust Sixty nonsmoking grainhandlers half of studied The findings whom had low FEV1 in grainhandlers FVC were ratios and half of whom had high were compared with those in 30 matched nonsmoking teachers In the group of grainhandlers with low FEV1 ratios one had developed asthma associated with exposure to grain dust The majority were healthy had FVC ratios of 70 or greater and had less evidence of allergic respiratory disease than had matched teachers The studies suggest that atopic nonsmoking men can work in grain elevators without developing respiratory disability though they may develop a small but significant increase in nonspecific bronchial reactivity to , histamine --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 659/79 Drywall Construction and Am Ind Hyg Assn J. Asbestos Exposure 40 402-407 May A. Fischbein et 1979. 3 refs al The rapid development of the drywall construction trade in the United States is de- scribed It is estimated that some 75,000 U.S. construction workers are currently employed in this to be associated trade The use of a variety of spackle with significant asbestos exposure air and taping compounds samples taken in the is shown breathing zone of drywall tapers during sanding of taping compounds show fiber concentrations exceeding by several times the maximum level permitted by United regulations These findings are given together with the result of survey of drywall construction workers demonstrating that asbestos States Government, a clinical field disease may be an important health hazard in this trade --Authors abstract reprinted by permission PHYSICAL HAZARDS 660/79 Basic R. S. Considerations Jones Plant for Controlling Vibration and Noise from Eng 33 131-135 May 17 1979 Packaged HVAC Equipment Often vibration and noise control are overlooked when packaged unitary rooftop heating ventilating and conditioniHVnAgC equipment is selected and installed Vibration and noise problems can usually be predicted and the solutions are readily available and easy to apply These are described --Condensed from text o 661/79 Industrial Humidification . . Load and Energy Calculations Plant Eng 33 83-85 May 3 1979 Ld A. L. Kaschub This article describes how to make load and energy calculations Five factors must be considered in determining the maximum humidification load 1. Heating load -- Mois- ture must be added to the heated air to attain the desired relative humidity Heating load is based on the indoor temperature at its maximum design temperature at its minimum design level 2 Cooling load -the air by condensation in conditioning and refrigeration setting and Moisture is equipment on outdoor removed from This moisture may are have to be normal and replaced Cooling load is not important when room temperature ranges relative humidity levels are below 50 percent 3. Product load -- Moisture may have to be added or removed from a product to reach its desired regain Consequently product load could be a plus or @ minus Product load is not an important consideration unless the regain is substantial 4. Process reduction -- Some plant load processes release moisture to the air This action 5. People reduction --- Employees release moisture decreasing the humidification load decreases the humidification to the air as they work --Condensed from text 20 August 1979 Volume 43 No. 8 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENEHYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS a) INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE + FOUNDATION INC _ PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. August 1979 Volume 43 No. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 79--809 a efor ft tot News Items 2 ee Coming Events 06 Legal Developments Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine ee . + er 6 + herr ee ty a sss rosrrnn ee ete ers tt . + e+ ee rr e+e et er ttt eon ee Skin Diseases and Burns ee se ee rt he a Chemical Hazards ee ee et rt tt a Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . + ee ee ee th et a Physical Hazards - 6 Environmental Problems ee . . tre 6 ee tr se te rs a sort ot tr tt ee ee rr er Safety Accident Prevention + + Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ++ str re tts Co ee ee ee ee rr HR Index sce ee Addresses of Journals ee ee Abstracted + EE Re ss +++ ce er EE nS es 1 5 6 7 9 14 15 23 29 30 31 34 30 38 FEATURES Cardiovascular Disease and Environmental Exposure Medical Effects of Combined Industrial Exposures Subacute Cadmium An Evaluation Intoxication in Jewelry Workers of Diagnostic Procedures , Toxicity of Oil A Review Shale Chemical Products Benzene Exposures During Gasoline Loading at Bulk Marketing Terminals Electrocardiographic Signs of Cor Pulmonale in Asbestosis Pulmonary Retention of Activated : Coal Dust How to Select Proper Hand Protection --- } -- -- : -- -} Abst 712/79 Abst 713/79 Abst 735/79 Abst 749/79 Abst 755/79 Abst 765/79 Abst 773/79 Abst 794/79 Industrial Hygiene Digest August 1979 764/79 Pretreatment and Heavy Metal LD50 Values M. M. Jones et al Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 49 41-44 June 15 1979. 15 refs LD50 values with Hg for intraperitoneal CuSn , ++ and without injection pretreatment with the same of salts of the ions 2+ ion have been determined in mice Ag T1 PdAu Pt and Zn2 In the case of 2+ the previously reported increase in LD50 values subsequent to pretreatment was confirmed A statistically significant increase in LD50 values for Hg ; Ag Au Cuand Snsubsequent to pretreatment was also observed --Authors abstract reprinted by permission INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS , 765/79 Electrocardiographic Signs of Cor Pulmonale in Asbestosis K. Kokkola and M. S. Huuskonen Int Arch Occup Environ Health 43 167-175 No. 3 1979. 22 refs A sectional study examining the prevalence of electrocardiographic ECG signs of cor pulmonale and their correlation with ventilatory capacity was carried out with 130 asbestosis patients and 121 referents The ventilatory function of 120 of the 130 patients was mea- reference sured 41 having a normal FEV .0 50 slight FEV1 impairment and 29 moderate or severe FEV1 impairment The cor pulmonale signs were more prevalent in the asbestosis than in the reference group the greatest differences being found in PII III aVF amplitude PV1 ampli- tude AQRS deviation to the right and shift of QRS transition to the left These differences were not however statistically significant The frequencies of electrocardiographic cor FEV o FEV1,0 1.0 pulmonale findings in the three FEV ocategories of asbestosis patients were established The atrial parameters PII eVF and PV1 correlated the best with FEV1,0 but only the relationship FEV was significant 0.05 Most of the ventricular ECG parameters FEV1,0 6 failed to show any association with FEV1,0 especially SV5 amplitude which has displayed a 0 strong positive correlation with FEV1 in many studies dealing with obstructive lung dis- eases and terminal notching of QRS The present study suggests that the atrial ECG variables are the most valuable items for ^ssessing right heart disease in patients with as- bestosis --Authors summary 766/79 Controlled Studies G. von Nieding et of Human Exposure to Single and al Int Arch Occup Environ Combined Action of NO Health 43 195-210 03 and SO2 No. 3. 1979. 77 refs Eleven healthy male subjects aged 23 to 38 years including2 smokers were exposed to puri- fied air control experiment to NO 03 and S02 alone to mixtures of NO2 + SO2 and NO + 03 in MAK concentration and to a mixture of NO + 502 +03 +03 in MAK and MIK con- centrations for 2 h Nine of these subjects underwent a bronchial challenge by inhaling in a standardized procedure an aerosol containing % % and % acetylcholine after a - expo- sure to clean air and to a mixture of NO2 + SO2 + 03 in MAK and MIK concentrations respec- tively The following results were obtained crease was observed in all series with NO in 1 MAK A significant concentration Pa02 decrease and Raw inas compared to the initial values or the behavior in the controls 2 The combinations of NO2 + 03 NO + SO2 or NO + SO2 + 03 did not show a stronger effect than NO2 alone however in the latter series recovery of PaO2 seemed to be delayed and Raw even increased in the exposure period 3 Exposure to NO2 + SO2 + 03 in MIK concentration did not show any effect on PaO2 and Raw 4 Acetylcholine challenge following exposure to a combination of NO2 + SO2 + 03 in MIK concen- tration resulted in a significantly increased reactivity to Ach as compared to the control series Increased reactivity became more pronounced after exposure to the mixture of NO2 + S02 +03 +03 in MAK concentration From the results of this study and previous data there is a special need for evaluation of the present NO MAK concentration 5ppm 9 m --Authors summary Industrial Hygiene Digest August 1979 767/79 Passive Smoking Int Arch Occup Irritating Effects of Environ Health 43 the Total 183-193 Smoke and the Gas Phase No. 3 1979. 23 refs A. Weber et al chamber 32 subjects in groups of two or three were exposed in one In a ventilated climatic and in another experiment to the gas to the total sidestream smoke of cigarettes epxhpaesreimoefntcigarette smoke which was obtained by filtering out the particuTlhaetecom ncaetntterratioTnhse of degree of air pollution corresponded to 10 ppm CO in both experiments the authors the particulate matter CO NO NO2 and HCHO were recorded With a questionnaire and throat determined the degree of annoyance and of subjective irritations of the eyes nose of measured as an objective indicator of eye irritation Both exposures eye blink rate was which indicates that the gas air pollution produced nearly the same degree of annoyance smoke On the is to a large extent responsible for the annoyance due to cigarette phase irritation was very much lower with the gas phase other hand the objective and subjeicntdiivceateesye that the particulate phase is to a very large than with the total smoke This extent responsible for the irritating effects --Authors summary 768/79 Formation of Carbon Monoxide Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 in Air Compressors 548-551 June 1979 T. M. Distler 12 refs the with carbon monoxide are said to contaminate air they compress lubricated compressors from pyrolyzed and oxidized lubricants Experiments were performed in an instrumented comwould result in less contamination The pressor to determine if synthetic oils ca os ntalmuibnraitcainotns is actually not great Published results results suggest that for all oils the oxidation of hydrocarbons support this estimate from temperature --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 769/79 Cotton Dust Sampling Efficiency of the Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 535-542 Vertical Elutriator June 1979. 32 refs K.'Q Robert Jr. . elutriator air sampler based upon the phenomenon of flow A theoretical model of the vertical were simulated by a at the inlet was developed at SRRC The model's equations separation calibrated by comparison of available experimental computer program VELUT The model was the model The calibrated model results to isokinetic sampling efficiencies calculated by of size distributions used to predict integral efficiencies for a systematic assortment model ex- was Rather than cutting off cleanly at 15 micrometers the computer of cotton dust 20 micrometers Furthermore the hibited a 50 differential efficiency at approximately in the aerodynamic size range of substantial zero collection efficiencies model predicted an objective method whereby the iso- individual cotton fibers Program VELUT represents calculated for any kinetic sampling efficiency of the vertical eluptrreisaetnotred ca tn o btehe exspalmipclietrlyat its inlet plane known or postulated ambient dust distribution --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 770/79 Evaluation of Am Ind Hyg Dust Exposure Assn J. 40 e in Asbestos Cement Manufacturing 490-495 June 1979. 10 refs Operations Y. Y. Hammad et al methods health of workers of the asbestos cement industry have demon- Previous investigations of the of asbestosis and relationships for the diffuse radiographic changes strated response of the mortality experience of past employees have pulmonary function impairment Studies excess of respiratory cancer also identified levels of cumulative exposure above which an concentrations be detected These epidemiologic studies were based on particulate could The authors attempted to develop information that might determined by the midget impinger in the industry in order that the lead to conversion of particulate to fiber concentrations Pairs of impinger could be related to the current membrane filter risk assessment taken in the various areas of the plant Personal samples and membrane filter samples were of workers The ratio of fiber concen- were also taken to determine the current exposure correlation 0.18 was obtained at tration to particle count varied from 0.63 to 2.5 Poor demonstrated in dusty areas low fiber and particle counts and good correlatiofnor0m.9T1hewacsoncentration of fibers in 80 of where asbestos and silica were handled in a dry 2 fibers and 60 were less than 0.5 fibers The the personal samples was less than be used for all areas of this type of results also show that no one conversion -fa-cAtuotrhocrasn abstract reprinted by permission operation 24 Industrial Hygiene Digest August 1979 775/79 The Effect of Carbon Monoxide upon Erythrocyte Aminolevulinicacid Dehydratase M. R. Moore and P. A. Meredith Arch Environ Health 34 158-161 June Activity 1979 11 refs of the aminolevulinic^ cid dehydratase enzyme in the second reaction of the The activity pathway has been determined in human blood in the presence of varying heme biosynthetic vitro carbon monoxide exposure causes a concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin In vivo and in At concentrations of carboxy- consistent but small significant diminution of activity influence the use of hemoglobin likely to be found in vivo it is unlikely to significantly as a measure either of lead exposure or of ethanol consumption this enzyme --Authors abstract 776/79 Effects of Asbestos and Beryllium on Arch Environ Health 34 133-140 Release of Alveolar June 1979 21 Macrophage refs Enzymes K.-Y. Kang et al alveolar macrophages were exposed in culture medium to asbestos beryllium sulfate Rabbit hydrolases acid phosphatase and beryllium oxide The specific activities of the lysosomal isom- acetylglucosaminidase and glucuronidase plus the glycolymtiitcocheonnzdyrmieal phforsapchtoihoenxsoseand were determined in the medium whole homogenates erase in the medium but not in the mito- supernatant These hydrolases increased significantly to dusts Asbestos and beryllium sulfate were highly chondrial fraction of cells exposed in vitro and the data suggested that these agents were not cytotoxic for alveolar macrophages but rather a direct cytotoxic effect at the associated with an increase in enzyme synthesis concentration of enzyme release in vitro a higher macrophage membrane level For induction with asbestos and beryllium sulfate The cyto- of beryllium oxide was needed when compared an important nonspecific toxicity and enzyme release induced by these agents may represent of fibroblasts mechanism by which they induce inflammation and perhaps local proliferation --Authors abstract . 777/79 e Conduction Velocity K. Knobloch et al in the Brit Peripheral Nerves of J. Indus Med 36 Rats with 148-152 Chronic Carbon Disulphide May 1979. 9 refs Neuropathy . . and of carbon disulphide CS2 on conduction velocity in sciatic and tibial nerve were Effects at concentrations of 0.9 mg or 1.6 mg of air investigated in rats exposed to CS vapour was measured on the day for periods of 1.5 3 6 9 and 12 months The conduction velocity the last day of ex- and again three and six months after following each exposure period rats showed a reduction in conduction velocity on the day posure The majority of exposed on the CS2 concentration and the the extent of this reduction was dependent after exposure for 1.5 months to 1.6 mg CS2 produced temporary fully duration of exposure Exposure impairment of conduction velocity Increased exposure to CS2 3 6 or 9 months at which was reversible 6 12 months at 0.9 mg CS2 in air caused a reduction in velocity 1.6 mg or --Authors abstract reprinted by permission only partially reversible 778/79 HLA Antigen Frequencies in Flax Byssinosis Patients D. Middleton et al Brit J. Indus Med 36 123-126 May 1979 14 refs flax dust contract byssinosis It is not known what determines Not all workers exposed to to establish whether the inci- susceptibility or insusceptibility This study is an attempt the disease Forty dence of histocompatibility antigens is involved in susceptibility to HLA from flax byssinosis were tissue for HLA and -B antigens patients suffering was significantly more common in the patients 22.5 than in the controls All was present 5.5 P = 0.029 in twelve patients after correction for the number of antigens compared this 30 compared with 14 in the controls after correction for the number of comparisons Because HLA though significantly more is not a statistically significant increase did not for its occurrence 77.5 of the patients common in flax byssinosis is not necessary of HLA is attributable to an have it it is possible that the increase in the frequency for association with other genes perhaps those regulating the immune response or coding --Authors abstract reprinted by permission antigens at other HLA loci , 26 Industrial Hygiene Digest Digest Digest -- - we ret - - - any aet 1979 779/79 J. Inhibition by Phospholipids of Haemolytic Haemolytic Action Action of Asbestos brit Indus Med 36 113-116 May 1979. 12 refs M. laurand et oat. asbestos fibres results from an increase in membrane permeability and net Haemolysis by on REC is at least from of red blood cells RBC The effect of chrysotile asbestos rupture if not completely attributable to lipid extraction and adsorption on to the fibres haemolytic activity of chry- partly This was suggested by the hyperbolic relationship between the and the relative concentration of both chrysotile and RBC Moreover it was shown sotile either as RBC membranes or with pure lipids in that incubation of chrysotile with lipids the form of liposomes prevents haemolysis --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 780/79 Asbestosis Asbestosis G. Berry et A Study of al Brit Response Relationships in Response Relationships in an J. Indus Med 36 98-112 May Textile Asbestos Textile 1979. 17 refs Factory per A group of 379 men who had worked at an asbestos textile factory for at least 10 years has asbestosis certified asbesto- been followed up The prevalence of crepitations possible in the chest radiograph and values of lung function have been related to dsuisst slmeavlellsopacTihteietsype of asbestos processed was predominantly chrysotile although a sub- of crocidolite had also been used in the past There was a higher prevalence stantial amount factory The presence of than had been observed previously at the same of crepitations effect of asbestos exposure and possible asbestosis a crepitations is not a specific whether a man had developed signs which might be combined judgment of two physicians on cent of men with a diagnosis of attributable to early asbestosis was preferred Fifty certified as suffering from asbestosis by the Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis Medical possible asbestosis were relate to men first employed after 1950 6-6 of Panel within 3.5 yr The most reliable data of 16 and this had possible asbestosis after an average length of follow yr men in group 5 fibre where the dust levels were determined by static area an average exposure to declined significantly with Samplers The forced expiratory.volume and forced vital capacity in the .otal lung after allowing for age and height but there was no decline exposure transfer factor also declined with exposure but not to a statistically sig- capacity The smokers and light smokers as a group had less crepitations as- nificant extent The on the chest radiograph than heavier smokers with similar ex- bestosis and small opacities the cumulative dose may not be completely Combining dust concentrations to form for elimination of cust posure and a family of measures was investigated which allows satisfactory case Because the rate of from the lungs and includes the cumulative dose as and a special cannot be estimated from the data this elimination of dust from the lungs is unknown of the data for example the approach leads to a wide range of possible interpretations % of men after 40 years concentration such that possible asbestosis fibres occurs or may in no more have to be than as low as 0.3 fibres exposure could be as high as 1.1 dust levels and a shorter period of This range is wide because the data relate to higher it will not be pos- follow Until data are available on groups exposed to lower levels with any certainty However the results sible to assess the effects of the current standard continue to reduce dust levels to values as low as of this study show that it is important to --Authors abstract reprinted by permission possible 781/79 Function Effects of Chronic Amorphous Silica Exposure on Sequential Pulmonary K. Wilson et al J. Occup Med 21 399-402 June 1979. 9 refs clinical effects of precipitated amorphous silica PAS the authors reviewed To assess and chest radiographs of 165 workers exposed serial spirograms respiratory questionnairweass graded on a 3 to 4 scale and a cumulative for mean of 8.6 years Monthly exposure for each worker from the sum of measured exposure A Ear exposure index CLI calculated total months exposed Sputur index MII was calculated by dividing the CEI by exposure correlated with CEI while cough and dyspnea correlated production and dyspnea were inversely of smoking but not PAS exposure Linear regression analysis of yearly with mean years function variables FVC FEV1 FTV1 FE1-7 showed no corre- change of all pulmonary either the dose of PAS CEI or total years of exposure Among 44 workers with a lation with of 18 range 10-35 years yearly decline of FVC and FEV were mean exposurtehe toimveerall gryoeuaprs Of 143 workers with serial radiographs and exposure to only correlate similar to had radiographic pneumoconiosis Respiratory symptoms in PAS workers PAS none while serial pulmonary function values and chest with smoking but not with PAS exposure radiographs are not adversely affected b-y-At ute hor rsm abesxtproascutrereprinted by permission 27 September 1979 Volume 43 No. 9 aenrten Rs ... INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE - LITERATURE ~ ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 5231 CENTRE AVENUE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. . . TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 79--920 News Items . 0. ee ee ee ee ee ee Coming Events 6. 6 Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets et ee ee ee eR ee 6-6 ee ee tt re tt see tr tr ee er ete 6 Industrial Medicine 6 6 6 8 8 8 2. te et et tt Skin Diseases and Burns - es ee hoe oh hor ee hr Chemical Hazards . : es + + + + + . 4 Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . 6 1 s+ + ess ta ee rr ee . a ;. er Physical Hazards .- - + + + + + Radiation 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee Ee Environmental Problems 200 ee ee te ee ee ee re ee Occupational Health Management ' 6 6 6 6 ee ee re te ts toe Safety Accident Prevention . . Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Index 6 ce ee see ' + ee ee ere see es he eee res ee ee het ar eR Re es Addresses of Journals Abstracted s+ + 4 + i a FEATURES Occupational Asthma Major Malformations In Infants Born of Women Who Worked In Laboratories While Pregnant Stresses Involved in Wearing Suits A Review PVC Supplied Toxicological Aspects of Cyclohexanone Exposure to Polybrominated Biphenyls Some Effects on Personality and Cognitive Functioning Functioning The Use of Sand Substitution to Solve the Free Silica Problem in Foundry Atmospheres Free Compressed Air Tests Nuclear Station Containment Structures Power Disposing of Hazardous Chemical Wastes . i -- -- ~-~ ---- September 1979 Volume 43 No. 9 1 6 7 8 12 12 1919 23 23 2323 2728 27 30 3230 Abst Abst Abst Abst 839/79 856/79 Abst 869/79 Abst 885/79 Abst Abst 892/79 894/79 , September 1979 Industrial Health Foundation Inc. Volume 43 5231 Centre Avenue Number 9 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DICEST NEWS ITEMS 79x Lead Industries Occup Safety & Association Publishes Results of Kehoe Experiments Health Reporter 9 221 August 2 1979 With Lead A book compiling the results of 35 years of experiments on the health effects of human ex- posure to the most lead was published by the Lead Industries Association which called the experiments extensive and intensive investigation of the physiology of lead in humans The book Oral and Inhalation Lead Exposures in Human Subjects and details the experiments performed between 1937 and 1972 as written by Stanley by Robert A. Kehoe a B. Gross leading researcher on the health effects of lead Under a contract with the Ethyl Corporation Gross performed the extensive review of Kehoe's work while an environmental toxicologist with the University of Cincinnati's Department of Environmental Health at Kettering Laboratory Gross is currently a senior level toxicologist with the Environmental Protection Agency According to LIA Gross book presents for the first time a complete review of all of Kehoe's works including the results of some studies never before published An LIA spokesman said the association published the book as a scientific resource Gross page report presents of the raw data and numerous statistical summaries which provide an overview of all of many the experiments IIA said Copies are available from LIA Inc. 292 Madison Avenue New York NY 10017 --Condensed from text 79x Transportation of Asbestos Additional Revisions of Transportation DOT Fed Reg 44 47937-47938 Amendment No. 173-123 August 16 1979 Materials These revisions to Amendment No. 173-123 44 FR 18673 March 29 1979 will permit carriage of asbestos 1 by private carrier in dust and proof bags and other rigid packaging without palletizing and unitizing 2 in dust and proof bags and other rigid pack-- within fiberboard or wooden boxes when shipped in less than pallet load quantities aThgiisngsrevision also clarifies the authority to ship leaktight hopper cars and leaktight hopper motor vehicles and provides a grandfather clause for shipments initially shipped and trans- ported prior to August 20 1979 --Summary reprinted 79x Battelle Research Finds Carcinogens in Major Synthetic Fuel Job Safety & Health Report 9 125-126 July 31 1979 Researchers at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories disclosed recently that their studies have positively identified the existence of carcinogens in second generation solvent refined coal SRC 11 a coal liquefaction process for the making of the synthetic fuel The dis- covery comes at a time when President Carter's new energy program puts heavy emphasis on synthetic fuels including SRC 11. One substance found by Battelle is beta naphthylamine which was classified as a carcinogen in 1974 The chemical was known to cause bladder cancer in workers manufacturing coal tar .dyes In a survey of the British chemical industry the probability of a worker who was exposed to the chemical developing a bladder tumor was 61 times greater than that of the population Elapsed time from exposure to first signs of cancer range from one to 35 years according to these British tests While population studies in the past have shown that there are higher probabilities of skin cancer occurring in those exposed to coal liquids Battelle's ongoing work is the first to specifically identify a known carcinogen in a coal liquid These interim results of Battelle's study which will not be released for more than a year were first presented to an house group of environmental researchers at the end of June in Research Triangle Park N.C. Concerned sources there were anxious that the discovery not be buried until the report is published especially in light of the recent interest in based synthetic fuels When first contacted in not anxious to discuss their Richland Wash Battelle officials working on the project were of such a delicate nature before the findings They cautioned against releasing findings work has been completed - --Condensed from text Industrial Hygiene Digest . . September 1979 886/79 Lung Cancer and Coal Workers Brit Med J. 2 208 July Pneumoconiosis M. 21 1979. 1 ref Jacobsen the results of his PhD thesis The author In a letter to the Editor the writer summarizes of 16,628 coalminers Complicated pneumoconicsis of the study reported a year mortality follow for 685 of these men at the start PMF had been diagnosed radiologically 0 initially The average standard- and 13,265 had no pneumoconiosis category PMF was about half that found for period attributed to lung cancer among those with men with ised death rate classified as category 0 Lung cancer mortality among low He studied these findings miners with radiographs was also relatively 2 or 3 simple pneumoconiosis categories more than 11,000 of the miners Those analyses to took into coalmine dust further in subgroups involving of their cumulative exposure the men's smoking habits and estimates men with no pneumoconiosis account effect of dust exposure among There was no evidence of a protective the reduced lung cancer incidence among men initially and he commented in that context that of the presence of pathology is more likely to be explicable in terms of dust exposure with pneumoconiosis associated with radiological pneumoconiosis rather than as a consequence could be misunderstood by miners and readers of per se Taken out of context this argument the very high nearly eightfold of the results he noted that studied compared with the BMJ In his discussion coalminers among the cigarette such nor excess lung cancer mortality neither coalmining as it abundantly clear that their smoking colleagues makes from the disease exposure to dust can be regarded as an eff-e-cCtoinvdeensperdotefcrtoimontext : 887/79 Asbestos Some July 1979. 7 Answers refs National Safety Council A brief review of the nature of additional information are use and listed hazards of -JFB -JFB Natl Safety News 120 occupational exposure to 51-55 asbestos Sources 888/79 Generation of Respirable Aerosols of Power Experimental Animals 0. G. Raabe et al : Plant Fly Environ Ash for Inhalation Sci Technol 13 Studies with 836-840 July 1979. 16 refs of fly ash have been developed used for the laboratory generation plants Methods and equipment in effluents from burning power aerosols that simulate respirable particles 5 in aerodynamic diameter were dispersed classified fly ash particles smaller than ...m specially built cyclone separator to mechanism and passed through a the aerosol electro- reduced with a Wright dust feed and large particles An Kr discharger aerosol was introduced remove agglomerates Boltzmann equilibrium The resulting During static charge distribution to of rodents or nonhuman primates 3.5 exposure chamber suitable for exposure electrostatic precipitation and into a samples collected by count median a day exposure period aerosol electron microscopy had an average examined by both transmission and scanning standard deviation of 1.54 0.02 geometric of 0.68 ...m 0.2 ...mSE with an average cascade impactor had an average mass diameter determined with a Aerodynamic size distributions average geometric standard SE aerodynamic diameter of 1.98 um 0.02 ...m SE with an 4.2 mg 1.4 mg SD The median of 1.65 0.02 SE The mean mass concentration was reaerosolization of deviation in laboratory studies requiring methods described are suitable for use --Author's abstract reprinted by permission collected fine particulate matter 889/79 Fibrogenic of 8 refs B. T. Velichkovsky et al Actions of Containing Dusts On Fibrogenic Actions On Containing 5 1-5 1979. 8 refs Russian Gig Trud Prof. Zabol of fibrosis development in the lungs on have indicated that the rate increases with the Experiments on rats oxidized and graphitized carbons to dusts of technical grade exposure dust particle surface The main chemical groups responsible of oxidation of the degree and phenol groups in English the process are the carboxyl --Author's summary for 22 i October 1979 Volume 43 No. 10 LITERATURE _. ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL = AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ' . SAFETY NEWS Se, FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . INC _ PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS October 1979 Volume 43 No. 10 79--1040 Numbers This Issue Contains Abstract News Items --- +s erc rt? ee ee rr ee Events rt - - + str Coming ' ee + +" Developments + Legal Books and Pamphlets Medicine +s + tcc er ee + + * - - 0 0 Industrial tt tone Industrial Skin Diseases and Burns -- eee ett Chemical Hazards Dusts s+ rst and Inhalants s**t as err Hazards + +s ttt tt re Physical Radiation et se ert ttt Environmental Problems 2. se Health Management tt re ert ttt rr - +s rr ttt tt et : Occupational Safety Accident Prevention se ee Methods Miscellaneous - ee se rrr et pr ttt Analytical te tt toe Index see eet Addresses of Journals Abstracted + s+ torr tt toe 5 5 9 17 1727 29 30 3331 33 35 35 35 FEATURES Guidelines for Use in Occupational of Routine Medicine Ray Examinations Mortality in Aluminum Reduction Plant Workers Effects of Electric Arc Welding on Ventilatory Lung Function Clinical Validation of Automated of Large Occupational Groups Spirometry Used in Comparison with Conventional Water Spirometry Surveys Antabuse Treatment of Nickel Nickel Dermatitis Dermatitis e Toluene A Toxicologic Review of Workers Exposed to Year Coronary Mortality . Carbon Disulfide Analysis of Ethylene Worker Exposure Abst 946/79 Abst 949/79 Abst Abst Abst Industrial Hygiene Digest October 1979 or illnesses But worker from suing his or her employer for related injuries prohibit a evidence which indicates Occidental knew DBCP was the attorneys for Arnett said that recent for in the drinking water supply of the plant but did nothing about it provides cause the firm for intentional and willful injury A high rate of sterility among action against first discovered in September 1977 and resulted in the workers at the Lathrop plant was and Health Administra- standard by the Occupational Safety issuance of an emergenciyn htiesmposruairty that his DBCP exposure caused his sterility which was that Arnett's tion Arnett charged ceased manufacturing the pesticide The suit alleges reversed when the plant birth included a hernia an irregularly placed hole month son's deformities which at the father's exposure to in his penis and a finger that will not straighten were caused by several chemical DBCP The complaint was filed as an amendment to an earlier suit against their research on companies and researchers which alleged the defendants Occidental failed to publicize Chemical Co. said they had not yer the harmful effects of DBCP Spokesmen for been informed of the suit and therefore had no comment --Text reprinted by permission 79x Pittsburgh Job Safety Corning Workers & Health Report Sue 9 Over Asbestos 148 September 11 Disease 1979 Anon intentionally exposed its workers to asbestos Charging that Pittsburgh Corning Corpor3a1 ticounrrent or former employees and 25 of their wives Works knowing of its dangerous properties Industries Corning Glass the firm its parent companies PPG have filed suit against and firms that supplied asbestos to Pittsburgh Corning The suit seeks full money damages contract asbestosis for its role in allegedly causing the workers to against each company that the firm misrepresented the health between 1964 and 1972. The suit further charges its workers and in several respects failed to provide dangers posed by asbestos exposure Workers involved were diagnosed as having adequate protection against asbestos exMpeodsicuarle Center in New York City . asbestosis by doctors at the Mt. Sinai --Text reprinted by permission 79x Congress Sued Over Chem & Eng News Clean Air Violations Anon 57 18 September 1979 legal center has filed suit against the U.S. The Capital Legal Foundation a interest Air Act in its operation of the Capitol Power to force it to comply with the Clean office Congress which supplies heat and air conditioning to the that Capitol and to Congressional unless within 60 days the plant com- Plant buildings The foundation warned Congress in May would be sued The suit of the act Congress plied with the visual emission requirements immediately plant operations that result in seeks a court order directing Congress to cease within a reasonable time and to install the latest pollution abatement equipment reason violations under the laws it passes but for some Congress usually exempts itself from coverage --Text reprinted by permission didn't do so in the Clean Air Act , 79x e OSHA News Refers Alabama U.S. Dept. of and Ohio Labor Job Fatality Cases to p 1 September 12 Justice 1979 Department Anon Safety and Health Administration announced it is The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational two cases involving to the Justice Department for possible criminal prosecution Childress referring On February 27 1979 Jimmy Dale Parker and Lenas deaths of three employees Incorporated in Curry Alabama were killed when employees of the Brown Steel Contractors incident arose when the men were riding a steel water storage tank The engaged in erecting derrick by a guyless The load fell killing them both On on a load which was being hoisted of the Complete General Construction Company December 22 1978 James F. Pribble an employee killed when one wall of a foot deep unshored trench in Washington Court House Ohio was leveling gravel in the trench at a sewer occurred while Pribble was that Any employ- fatality Act of 1970 provides collapsed The site The Occupational Safety and Health violation construction er who willfully violates any promulgated conviction under this Act and be punished by a fine that of not more than caused death to any employee shall upon both The deaths were for not more than six months or by or by imprisonment no further details 10,000 Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigated by the federal review be disclosed pending Justice Department of the cases can --Text reprinted Industrial Hygiene Digest . October 1979 1008/79 Asbestos and Smoking I. J. Selikoff and J. Am Med Assn 242 458-459 August E. C. Hammond 1979. 4 refs New data are cited on the relationship between asbestos and up of 12,051 asbestos insulation workers from January 1 ex19p6o7surtehrough luDnegcemcbaenrce3r1 A197f6ollow- showed death rates for lung cancer per 100,000 years standardized for 11.3 for men who neither worked with asbestos nor smoked cigarettes 58.4 age as for men follows who worked with asbestos but did not smoke 122.6 for cigarette smokers who had not worked with and 601.6 for those unfortunate enough to have had both asbestos By itself does asbestos increase the risk of lung cancerciThg e a anr swe ertit s e yes s anBdut ae sv beenstfoosur or five times the risk when the base risk is low ( as it is for nonsmokers in not result in many cases Clearly any excess is undesirable general does On the other hand smoking itself causes a major increase and when that high risk is then multiplied manyfold an immense to lung increase cancer is found among asbestos workers The newest data the unhappily one in every five deaths is due carry asbestos interaction a step further increased risk of death of asbestosis Again asbestos exposure of fatal progressive pulmonary fibrosis In this series five by itself who carries the risk died of asbestosis But the men never smoked cigarettes asbestosis mortality for men who smoked a pack or more a day was 2.8 times as high as the asbestosis mortality for men who never smoked with its own bronchitis emphysema and fibrosis adds an undesirable anrdegsuolmaertliymesSmoking portable burden to the asbestos pneumoconiosis unsup- --Condensed from text 1009/79 Automatic Detection and Counting of Vickers Instruments Inc. Am Ind Asbestos Fibers Hyg Assn J. 40 -- July 1979 Two new techniques developed in Britain will enable hazards due to airborne asbestos fibers to be assessed more quickly more reproducibly and more accurately than by current manual counting methods One is suitable for the immediate analysis of samples collected from working environments the other lation as well as research into to evaluations of other fibrous is intended to aid compliance with health and safety legisimproved safety standards Both techniques can be extended materials --Condensed from text 1010/79 Mesothelioma and Exposure to Mixtures of E. D. Acheson and M. J. Gardner Arch 16 refs Chrysotile and Amphibole Asbestos Environ Health 34 240-242 August . 1979 This paper provides a new analysis of previously published work and draws attention to the possibility that mixtures of amphiboles and chrysotile appear more commonly in the lungs of mesothelioma patients compared controls than do either of the main types of fiber alone The possibility that these results may indicate a synergistic interaction between and the amphiboles is discussed in the light of the epidemiological data chrysotile --Authors abstract 1011/79 Numbers of Asbestos Bodies in Urban Patients and in Matched Controls A. M. Churg and M. Chest 76 143-149 August 1979. 25 refs with Lung Cancer L. Warnock and Gastrointestinal Cancer The authors compared the numbers of asbestos bodies extracted from the lungs of 103 patients with lung cancer and 50 patients with gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms to the numbers of bodies extracted from lungs of control patients matched for age sex smoking habits and in some cases occupation All patients were urban dwellers over the age of 40 years and none was a primary asbestos worker No differences in the counts of asbestos bodies were observed between the tested and control populations The numbers of asbestos bodies did correlate well with occupation the highest counts were found in male manual laborers The authors conclude that in the urban population studied herein the numbers of asbestos bodies alone do not correlate with the presence of pulmonary or gastrointestinal carcinoma however uncoated asbestos fibers are also known to be present in the lung and the possibility that such tumors may be related to the numbers of these fibers in lungs remains to be explored --Authors abstract reprinted by permission i Industrial Hygiene Digest oo _ ee October 1979 _ 1012/79 Determination of Inorganic Fiber Density in Human Lung Tissue by Scanning . After Low Temperature Ashing Scand J. Work Environ Health B. Gylseth et 5 151-157 al June 1979. 22 refs Electron Microscopy fibers in lung tissue may give information about previous The concentration of asbestos asbestos exposure A procedure for the preparation quantification and iden- is in this report The procedure occupational in human tissue is presented tification of asbestos fibers of the ash by scanning based on temperature plasma ashing of dry tismsiuceroeaxnaamliynsaitsion The advantages and disadvan- electron microscopy and energy dispersive ray tages of this method are also discussed b-r-iAeuftlhyors abstract reprinted by permission 1013/79 Oil Mists D. L. Costa and M. 0. Andur Respiratory Response of Guinea67P3i-g6s79to August 1979 29 refs Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 a for one hour to submicrometer oil function was measured in guinea pigs exposed Respiratory medicinal grade mineral oil laboratory grade paraffin oil also mists Five oils were used oil and used motor oil The last three oils were light lubricating oil unused motor No alterations were produced by studied after having been reacted with sulfur dioxide of 10 or 40 mg At concentrations above 200 exposure to any of the oils at concentrationlsubricating oil caused a decrease in compliance mg both the reacted and unreacted light the average resistance of which remained throughout the exposuruenuspeedrimoodtorAlotilhouagnhd by the reacted used motor oil the group was increased by the unreacted statistically significant The the variation in response was too great to make this response dioxide did not increase irritant action indicates fact that reaction of the oils with sulfur not acutely irritant that the reaction products with sulfur dio-x-iAduethaorres abstract reprinted by permission 1014/79 of Oil Mists on the Irritancy of Sulfur Dioxide-- Effect Oil D. L. Costa and M. O. Amdur 1 Mineral Oils and Light Lubricating Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 680-685 August 1979 19 refs in unanesthetized guinea pigs was used to assess The increase in pulmonary flow resistance sulfur dioxide At a concen- effect of micrometer oil aerosols on the response to lubricating oil the medicinal grade mineral oil nor a light mg tration of about 10 neither a with 1 or 10 ppm sulfur dioxide The naph- altered the response when given simfualitlaendeotuoslpyrotect against 50 ppm sulfur dioxide when ad- mg thenic medicinal oil at 100 however conferred complete protection ministered simultaneously A minute exposure when given simultaneously but laboratory grade mineral oil conferred protection A paraffinic when the exposure protocol was used Authors was less effective abstract reprinted by permission 1015/79 S. J. Romano and J. A. Renner Analysis of Ethylene Worker Exposure 6 refs Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 742-745 August 1979. personal individual worker exposure to ethylene oxide has A air sampling method for assessing oxide in dilute sulfuric acid where been developed The method is based on trapping etghlyylcoelne is determined by gas chromatography The ethylene column produces linear it is converted to ethylene wgiltyhco% l Igepal 990 on Teflon T This using a glass column packed The method has been shown to recover 94.2 ethylene calibration curves and symmetrical peaks is independent of flow in the 1 to 8 ppm concentration range The sampling technique oxide the NIOSH method are discussed and sample size Advantages over --Authors abstract reprinted by permission + 1016/79 Pollution of B. Dahlgren Ward Air by Nitrous Methoxyflurane Delivery Air Nitrous et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 666-672 August 1979 25 refs and vapors has not been studied as Pollution of delivery ward atmosphere by analgesicThigsasesstudy shows that delivery room atmos- extensively as pollution of operating0.t5h-e0a.t8erpspm and nitrous oxide 300-540 ppm and that a phere is polluted by methorxeydfulcuersantehe concentration by half local gas exhaust system --Authors abstract reprinted by permission .26 .26 NOVEMBER 1979 VOLUME 43 NO 11 . ce ABSTRACTS ae ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL _ HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS oo er FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH . 5231 CENTRE AVENUE INC - PITTSBURGH PA 15232 mtit ... ... ... mtit ... ... ... pina mep mep mep Osai LTO yh - 6 Ae LO Editor Jane F. BrislL.iSn. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 1041/79 ~- 1165/79 November 1979 Vol4u 3 m No.e 11 News Items Coming Events 2. ww ee 2 ete) ge ee ke ee ee te ee ee we te ee th ek kk kt Legal Developments 2... 1 6 1 we ee ee te ee Books and Pamphlets . . 1. 1 ep ee ee ee ee te et Industrial Medicine 2... 1. eu ee ee ee ke kk Skin Diseases and Burns . . 1. 1 ee ee eee ete kt kt Chemical Hazards . 2. 1 we ee et et te tt tk Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . 0... 0 ee eee ee ee es Physical Hazards . 6 6 up he ee wt we eh ee we he ee te Radiation 2... ke ee ee ee ee ek tk tk hk kkk Environmental Problems . 1... ewe ee ee ee te th et Occupational Health Management 2... 6. 1 ee ee ee te th Safety Accident Prevention ......-...08 2.24.86. 2 a ee a 0 cee Analytical Index 2 6 Methods Miscellaneous . 1... 4 1 ew we ee ee ee we eee ue ee ee ew et kt eeae kk Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . 4. 2 2 ee ae ew wt es . coe rrr oo. : oo soe + oa oo 1 5 6 7 9 15 15 FEATURES : FEATURES Adjusting Occupational Exposure Limits for Moonlighting Overtime and Environmental Exposures Racial Patterns of Heart Rate in an Employed Adult Population Mortality Among Workers Employed in the Pharmaceutical Industry Comparison Between Three Methods of Measurement Skin Carcinogenicity of Synthetic and Natural Petroleums A Retrospective Epidemiological Study of Morbidity at a Large Western Copper Smelter Short Mutagenicity Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens Mortality in Gold and Coal Miners With Special Reference to Lung in Western Cancer Australia : Thickening of Pulmonary Interlobar Fissures ExposureResponse Relationship in Crocidolite and Amosite Miners a A Critical Evaluation of the Protection Provided by Common Safety Classes from Ultraviolet Emissions in Welding Operations . 1063/79 1073/79 1083/79 1088/79 1090/79 1097/79 1117/79 1125/79 1140/79 , ves November 1979 Volume 43 Number 11 Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Inc. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST ' NEWS ITEMS 1041 Synthetic Fuels Occup Safety & Derived from Coal May Be Potent Carcinogens Exxon Health Reporter 9 434-435 October 4 1979 Says A variety of synthetic fuel oils derived from coal show evidence of high carcinogenic potency in tests on mice according to Exxon Corporation The company reported its findings to the Environmental Protection Agency September 19 as a notification of substantial risk under Section e of the Toxic Substances Control Act Four derived fuels are being tested for carcinogenesis on mouse skin Progress reports indicate that all four produced tumors in some test mice after only 92 days of testing the company said Exxon said test results are consistent with the known carcinogenic potential of boiling derived materials The specific materials being tested are 1 A distillate derived from direct liquefaction of Wyoming bituminous coal using the malignant tumor and one benign tumor from Exxon among donor solvent process Researchers found the 50 male test mice exposed to the test one sample 2 A heavy fuel oil derived from direct liquefaction of Illinois bituminous coal using the Exxon donor solvent process Researchers found two benign tumors from among the 49 surviving male mice 3 A fuel oil fraction derived from pyrolysis of Arkansas lignite Researchers found 11 benign tumors and one malignant tumor mice and one benign tumor from among the 38 mice that died from among during the the 12 test surviving test 4 A fuel oil fraction from gasification of East Texas lignite Researchers found 18 benign tumors and three malignant tumors from among the 50 mice tested Exxon said the tested materials were untreated experimental scale products not finished products --Condensed from text 1042 Electrical Standards Proposed Rulemaking Fed Reg 44 55274-55299 September 25 Occupational 1979 Safety and Health Administration This proposes the amendment of the electrical safety standards in Subpart S of Part 1910. The proposed revision is intended to simplify clarify and update those standards Additionally the proposal places relevant requirements of the National Electrical Code NEC into the text of the regulations making it unnecessary for employers to refer to the NEC to determine their obligations and unnecessary to continue to incorporate the NEC by reference The resultant simplification is reflected in the fact that the proposed standard contains less than 10 of the words contained in the currently incorporated NEC --Summary 1043 Smoking History Occup Health & Called Safety of Little Relative Value in Letter 9 3-4 September Asbestos Risk 22 1979 Dr. Philip E. Enterline Chairman of the Department of Biostatistics at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health told the Asbestos Information Association's annual meeting that smoking history is of no relative he emphasizes relative in determining causes of lung cancer deaths among asbestos workers The terms are relative not absolute since relatively few cigarette smokers die of lung cancer according to a consensus of statisticians What Dr. Enterline said was that the risk of lung cancer deaths among asbestos workers who smoke and did not smoke was three times greater than for the general population of comparable demographic values Thus whether the risk was 10 vs. 30 for non- smoking asbestos workers vs. smoking asbestos workers or 50 vs. 150 for smoking non- asbestos workers or smoking asbestos workers the relative high risk is three in either case Dr. Enterline said the evidence also indicated that asbestos was a promoter of a carcino- gen already in the body rather than a primary carcinogen itself That he said was in contrast to arsenic which he declared was a primary carcinogen based on studies of a copper smelter in Washington State --Condensed from text Industrial Hygiene Digest November 1979 1044 Consumer Consumer Products Containing Asbestos Advance Product Safety Commission Fed Reg Notice of Proposed 44 60057-60061 Rulemaking October 17 1979 The Consumer Product Safety Commission is concerned that consumer exposure to asbestos from consumer products may present an unreasonable risk of injury and that some consumer products containing asbestos may present a substantial product hazard CPSC will begin its formal investigation of the use of asbestos in consumer products by publishing this notice soliri- ting general information iting information on the on the use of use of asbestos in consumer products In addition to solic- asbestos in consumer products this notice describes CPSC's proposed regulatory approach to asbestos in consumer products and solicits public comment on the approach The Commission will consider the comments during the development of any pro- posed regulation or other remedial action to protect consumers -Summary 1045 Commercial and Industrial Use of Asbestos Office of Toxic Substances Environmental October 17 1979 Fibers Advance Notice of Proposed Protection Agency Fed Reg 44 Rulemaking 60061-60068 EPA is concerned that many sources of human exposure to asbestos may present an unreasonable health risk Exposure to asbestos fibers has been shown to contribute to increased risk of lung damage asbestosis and cancer of several anatomic sites in humans Asbestos is a generic name for several naturally occurring mineral fibers Since the beginning of the century approximately 30 million tons of asbestos fibers have used in the United States to produce thousands of commercial and industrial products The inventory of asbestos products is growing since products introduced into commerce represent about 750,000 tons of asbestos per year Some fibers used in these products are inevitably released as a result of fiber processing product manufacturing distribution in commerce product use and Much of this asbestos remains in the biosphere as a ubiquitous pollutant because of disposal the fibers mobility and resistance to chemical and physical decomposition Humans may be expos- ed to these fibers from the aforementioned direct and indirect sources Certain exposures to asbestos are controlled under various Federal and State authorities However because of limited mandates i.e. focused on specific populations or exposure sources technical difficulties e.g. available fiber measurement techniques and other analytical constraints these authorities are not able to deal with the total asbestos problem As a result many population segments remain fuse sources of asbestos exposed to and inadequately The comprehensive mandate of protected from both direct and the TSCA enables EPA to reduce difhealth risk from sources which are difficult to control through specific or specific regulation authorized under other Federal authorities Under TSCA EPA is currently investi- gating the cumulative effects of exposure to asbestos throughout its life cycle ir and industrial products i.e. from mining milling through processing product commercial manufac- turing sure of use and disposal millions of people Their to the preliminary studies indicate substantial continuing expoever growing inventory of asbestos sources As a result of this study the Agency expects to promulgate rules to prevent and reduce any unreasonable risks that are identified --Condensed from summary 1046 OSHA Clarifies Extent of Medical Removal Protection Under its Technical Notes Occupational Safety & Health Administration New Lead Standard 1-2 September 25 1979 Medical removal protection covers employees who were already temporarily removed from their jobs because of high blood lead levels on and after last March , the effective date of OSHA's new lead standard the agency's officials say Under medical removal protection in OSHA's new lead standard workers with high blood lead levels must posed jobs at no loss in pay seniority or other employment rights levels fall to acceptable levels Dr. Bingham said that under the be placed in other unex- until their blood lead new standard any employee who was removed prior to March , 1979 due to the effects of lead exposure and continues to be so removed on March ... entitled for up to 18 months of MRP benefits beginning on Maren , 1979. She said this would be the case whether the employer's removal criteria vere equal to or more stringent than the OSHA standard and regardless of what benefits or insurance the employee received prior to March 1 In her letters sent earlier this summer Dr. also said 1 Local and international union representatives when representing a Bingham given group of affected employees for bargaining purposes are among those authorized to inspect and copy the monitoring and medical removal records required by the standard She said the employee representative may himself initiate a request and copy such from affected employees and that there is no requirement for records without each individual prior approval record to be individually requested record for each employee 2 Employers are required to establish and maintain an removed from exposure to lead even though such removals accurate or limitations are not specifically required by the standard Coder d rom Le . ; Industrial Hygiene Digest November 1979 1123/79 Mortality of Chrysotile Asbestos Workers G. F. Rubino et al Brit J. Ind Med at the Balangero Mine 36 187-194 August Northern Italy 1979. 16 refs The mortality from 1946 to 1975 of over 900 North Italian chrysotile asbestos workers first employed between 1930 and 1965 has been studied Nine deaths were certified as attributable to asbestosis and eleven to lung cancer One death was attributed to mesothelioma of pleura but this diagnosis was not supported by histological examination Comparison with the national figures for all Italy did not reveal an excess of deaths from lung cancer but during the last quinquennium of observation the SMR for lung cancer rose to 206 Simulation experiments enabled a dust index in years to be attached to each man in the cohort All but two of the deaths from lung cancer occurred in the higher exposure group The relative risk of lung cancer in this group was 2.89 The eleven workers who died from lung cancer were all cigarette smokers A further period of observation is required to monitor the mortality of the surviving workers --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1124/79 Visceral Environ Pleural Plaque Formation in Res 19 258-264 August Asbestosis A. 1979. 8 refs Solomon et al Visceral pleural demonstration of plaques calcium are seldom recorded in a localized area radiologically in asbestosis However the of interlobar thickening is considered accept- able evidence of a visceral pleural asbestotic plaque kilovolt and xeroradiographic of techniques were used in two patients to substantiate the presence of calcium in visceral pleural plaque formation Autopsy evidence a plaque was present in a third case --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1125/79 Thickening of Pulmonary and Amosite Miners A. in Interlobar Fissures Response Relationship Crocidolite Solomon et al Brit J. Ind Med 36 195-198 August 1979 9 refs In a sectional study of all white and mixed men employed at South African crocidolite and amosite mines data on duration of asbestos exposure and radiological findings were available for 1692 men 94 of the total population anterior radiographs were read by three experienced readers Abnormality was regarded as present if reported by at least two of them The reading included an assessment of whether interlobar fissures were not visible were visible but not thickened or were thickened according thickened criteria shown in a were seen in almost half reference radiograph Fissures which were visible but not the men and were not more common in men with longer asbestos exposure On the other hand thickened fissures increased in prevalence from about % in those who had worked with asbestos for 7 years or less to 25 in those with more than 15 years asbestos in 69 exposure Some other of men with thickened associated pleural or parenchymal abnormality occurred fissures The prevalence of thickened fissures as an isolated abnormality was also related to the duration of asbestos exposure Because its prevalence is related to duration of and its recognition is not subject to excessive observer variation the eauxtphoosrusresuggest that thickening of the fissures is a valuable sign in the radiological assess- ment of workers exposed to asbestos --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1126/79 Cyclic Nucleotide R. H. Stevens et Concentrations in Asbestos al Environ Res 19 442-448 e Rat Peritoneal Mesothelioma August 1979. 20 refs Peritoneal mesotheliomas were induced through the intraperitoneal administration of Rhodesian A to weanling male Holtzman rats The intracellular concentrations of adenosine chrysotile 3 cyclic monophosphate and guanosine cyclic monophosphate control tissues were found to obtained from be signifmatched icantly less than the levels measured in comparable The calculated animals that had been similarly administered charcoal instead of the asbestos ratio of CAMP to cGMP was identical in tumors and control tissue implying that the two molar tissue However if cyclic nucleotides were diminished by a constant factor in the tumor is related to cGMP balance within the cancer cell then in these appar- tumorigenesis exists as is found in cells of normal mesentery ently noninvasive lesions such an equilibriummesotheliomas are similar to other cancerous These results indicate that asbestos in that they contain less of the adenosine cyclic nucleotide tissues of the digestive tract than the normal tissue The findings of this study suggest the possible loss of important cellular regulatory mechanisms in tumors induced by an important environmental carcinogen --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 24 Industrial Hygiene Digest November 1979 1127/79 Environmental Exposure to Asbestos A Factor in the Rising Rate of Cancer in the Industrial World M. R. Becklake Chest 76 245-247 September 1979. 17 refs Second only to a smoking history and of comparable importance an occupational history remains a most powerful and yet singularly utilized tool Thus though the present discussion centers on asbestos it is not inappropriate to remind ourselves as clinicians that there are of the order of 30 other recognized human carcinogens some of the more common being nickel arsenic chrome uranium and the chlormethyl ethers all of which may be encoun- tered at the workplace and all of which should be integrated into the physician's schema for a systematic and complete work history --Condensed from text 1128/79 Pneumoconiosis and Chronic Med Lavoro 70 195-202 Bronchitis June in a Group of Cement Workers 1979. 16 refs Italian P. Maestrelli et al An examination of 318 cement workers was carried out to evaluate the prevalence rate of pneu- moconiosis and chronic bronchitis In 7.2 of the exposed workers there was radiological evidence of pneumoconiosis irregular opacities were less common than category 2 There were positive cases in all departments but only in workers with over 10 years exposure The prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis was related to the job and the length of exposure taking into account smoking habits The clinical classification of chronic bronchitis met the criteria of the E.C.C.S. definition 23.5 of the exposed group gave positive answers to the questionnaire on chronic bronchitis The respiratory symptoms were related to the job and the length of exposure In smokers there was a higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis than in smokers Statistical analysis showed that exposure and smoking habits have a potentiating effect on respiratory tract disease in the more severely exposed group Functional ventilatory changes were classified as obstructive in type and were well related to the symptoms of chronic bronchitis --Authors abstract in English 1129/79 Bronchoconstriction in P^troomWorkers M. Saric et al Brit J. Ind Med 36 211-215 August 1979. 19 refs The effect on airway responsiveness of an oral dose of a adrenergic blocker 80 mg propranolol) given before work was studied in 15 potroom workers who complained of dyspnoea chest tightness and wheezing after they had started to work in potrooms The same study was performed in a group of 10 potroom workers selected at random who had not complained of such symptoms In addition another group of 12 potroom workers with respiratory symptoms were given 1 mg atropine subcutaneously Ventilatory function was assessed from forced expiratory curves by means of a waterless spirometer and from maximum expiratory volume curves by means of a digital pneumotachograph Bronchoconstriction during the first few hours work was significantly potentiated by propranolol in the group of potroom workers with respiratory complaints Propranolol did not produce this effect in workers who had not complained of respiratory symptoms Atropine sulphate abolished the fall in ventilatory volumes which occurred during the first few hours of work These findings suggest that acute bronchoconstriction particularly in small airways and respiratory symptoms occurring in certain potroom workers may be based on an alteration in autonomic balance with vagal preponderance --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1130/79 Acute A. P. and Subchronic Wehner et al Inhalation Exposures Environ Res 19 of Hamsters to Enriched Fly 355-370 August 1979. 19 refs Ash One hr inhalation exposure of hamsters to enriched fly ash NEFA aerosol respirable aerosol concentration ~ 200 liter deposited about 80 g in the deep lung of which 75 ug was still present 30 days postexposure The animals tolerated the exposure well during the day postexposure observation period month exposures of hamsters to NEFA or fly ash FA aerosols ( - 185 liter resulted in a deep lung burden of about 5.7 mg dark discoloration of lungs heavily laden macrophages and significantly higher lung weights than in controls but only minimal inflammatory reaction and no deaths There was no difference between NEFA and FA effects The NEFA contained % Ni FA contained 0.03 Ni The results of this study indicate low acute and subchronic toxicity and slow lung clearance of NEFA and FA --Authors abstract reprinted by permission . . " " " "" " " " "" " " "" " " " " " " " " Es . . a December 1979 - Volume 43 No. 12 FOIE, Fae MAES ASRS OREOTR OAD GENI LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND = * OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND | SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . FOUNDATION INC . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Editor Jane F. Brislin L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 79--1293 News Items .- + + Coming Events + - Legal Developments oof Books and Pamphlets oe ee eon . cr Pr ee er oF ee #8 ek Pe ee eo. Pr ee ee a Industrial Medicine Skin Diseases and Burns . aoe oe soe #8 ' 8 oe eo oo Pr er Chemical Hazards . Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . - Physical Hazards 6. 6 Environmental Problems . ey eons 1 es + Safety Accident Prevention Prevention Analytical Methods Miscellancons Index o . howe oe Abstracted Addresses of Journals Abstracted a a . Foe Pe ee Pr . . * Pn Cr ee ee ee . oo. . . Pr ee ee so 8 a 6 fr Pr ee . Pe ee ee Pr FEATURES Studies of the Bealth of Welders in Naval Dockyards The Seciopolitical e Climate Surrounding Low Back Pain Spirometric Testing Number of Tests Required and Selection f Data Biochemical Abnormalities Abnormalities in Corkers Exposed to Molybdenum Dust Dust Lung Cancer Among Pesticide Workers Exposed to Inorgani Arsonicals Arsonicals to Toluene and Urinary Hippuric Acid Excretion Exposure workers in a Group of Heliorotagravure Printing : of Assessment of the Respirable Underground and Surface Dust Coal Levels in the Nation's Mining Operations a Organic Chemical Contaminarts in Drinking Water and Cancer December 1979 Volume 43 No. 12 oe toe Loe . : oo 24 me 5 oe a7 i the Aust Abst Abst 1234/79 Abst Aust December 1979 Volume 43 Number 12 Industrial Health Foundation Inc. 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST . NEWS ITEMS 1166 Occupational Safety and Health Standard Occupational Exposure to Lead Apperdices to Standard Occupational Safety and Health Administration DO~ Fed Reg 44 60980-60995 October 23 1979 The new standard for occupational exposure to lead 29 CFR 19.10.1025 published in the Federal register on November 14 1978 43 FR 52952 included provisions for appendices to the final use The regulations These appendices are now available for publication and for public information provided by these appendices includes substance identification health hazard information an employee standard summary and medical surveillance guidelines which contain detailed discussions of the medical surveillance requirements of the standard the clinical toxicities of lead enzymatic pathways in the synthesis of hemoglobin the adverse health effects on male and female reproductive capacity and on the fetus and recommended procedures as to medical history physical examination and laboratory tests The appendices are intended to provide information and are not intended by themselves to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed by the standard nor detract standard Use of these appendices as required by the standard from any obligations in the shall commence by December 24 1979 . --Summary ^' 1167 Asbestos Dangers to Job Safety & Health Shipyard Workers Will Continue GAO Report 9 170 October 23 1979 Report Says Asbestos hazards experienced by naval shipyard workers will continue for years to come ur~ cording to a General Accounting Anderson Calif who noted Office report that asbestos issued October 19 and released by Rep use was a serious matter a tter of Clem life and death The GAO report noted that the Navy decided against attempting to remove all bestes materials from older Mac ships since the cost would be an estimated billion bus shipyard employees will continue to work with or near asbestos for nan years as ships are repaired and evern the report added The Navy has made considerable efforts to protect workers from asbestos but safe work practices practices are not always followed The Stat Jong study conducted for the report focused on the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in California California and the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Virginia Meanwhile a Navy seaman in Long Beach charged that enlisted personnel were requireLdo remove asbestos with no protection ther than cotton gauze masks --Text reprinted by permission 1168/79 NIOSH Develops Simple Procedure Occup Safety & Health Reporter for Detectioonf Asbestos in 9 520 November 1 1979 Buildings An inexpensive screening procedure for the detection of asbestos in the atmosphere of hi.Jd- hi.Jd- ings is in the final stages of development according to Bruce A. Hollett or industrial industrial hygienist for the Natio Institute for Occupational Safety and Ecalth 1 test which is a simple colorimetric spot rest based the formation of color complexes with magnesium and iron released from asbestos is not specific for asbestos but does indicate the possi- bility of its presence according to Hollett A sample containing more than 1 percent asbest tos gives a positive color reaction according to test procedures developed by NIOSH research- ers Walter S. Kim James W. Carter 11 and Richard E. Kupel A total of 198 field samples indicated 126 positive and 72 negative results Later laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of asbestos in 78 of samples The laboratory also Hollett stated that since the the positive samples confirmed the absence but found no traces in 48 of the positive of asbestos in the 72 negative samples laboratory detected no false negative sample results the screening procedure theoretically could have saved 70 needless laboratory analysts --Condensed from text eee ee ae DARCOL DARCOL __ December 1979 1169 Company Says It Has Developed Asbestos Substitute Job Safety & Health Report 9 183 November 6 1979 Edwin Neckermann President of American Fillers and Abrasives Inc. Bangor Maine claims that his firm has developed a toxic substitute for asbestos The product called Kay consists of kaolin clay and cellulose and according to Neckermann exhibits the same Cel qualities as asbestos without any of the dangers He claims that Kay insulator can withstand Although workers temperatures of up to 1,200 F and that the product makes a good are warned not to inhale the new product because that precaution should apply to any finely divided material Neckermann said there are no indications that the substance is dangerous --Text reprinted by permission 1170 Endangered Species Small Electroplaters Industry Week 203 46 48 October 15 1979 The Environmental Protection Agency admits that the economics of water pollution control may force as many as 20 of the nation's small independent electroplating shops out of business by 1982 the year electroplaters must meet pretreatment standards for discharges into publicrules control discharges ly owned treatment systems EPA published its final pretreatment of toxic chemicals month And the National Association of Metal Finishers NAMF which has shown little hesitancy in the about challenging the agency in court wasted little time in filing a petition for review of the standards in the U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia Hardest hit by the debated and criticized standards will be smaller job shops employing ten to fifteen workers Less impact will be felt by manufacturers and captive shops which perform electroplating as part printed that small of the manufacturing process NAMF legal counsel Theodore Garrett argues will be overwhelmed by fantastic capital requirements that could range from 100,000 owners in will surpass the total plant investment in small to outlays that many cases he adds shops And many urban shops lack the space to install required control technology will have three years to achieve the standards which EPA says will prevent up Etolec1t4r0opmlialtleirosn lb a year of toxic substances from entering the nation's public treatment systems and subsequently the nation's waterways EPA granted an exemption for shops disthem to control only charging less than 10,000 gallons of wastewater per requiring cyanide cadmium and lead Larger dischargers must also limit copper nickel zinc silver --Condensed from text and chromium 1171 Proposal Shortens Period for Reporting Job Fatalities Washington Regulatory Report p 2 October 31 1979 OSHA As Occupational Safety and Health Administration rules stand an employer has 48 hours to a workplace calamity that results in the death of an employee If this report is made report is aware of the occurrence Very often in writing it may be as long as a week before OSHA of those workers before OSHA can begin an investigation both the accident site and memory involved have changed making a simple conclusive inspection impossible But now in an its effectiveness in identifying and controlling the hazards responsible effort to improve fatalities and multiple hospitalization accidents the Agency has proposed to reduce 8 hours to notify for job the allowable reporting time Under the proposal an employer would have only OSHA of 1 An accident resulting in the death of one or more employees and 2 An accident 3 The death of resulting in the hospitalization of as many a asccifdievnet or andmor aettreimbpultoaybelees to that mishap The a worker occurring within 6 months after an to the nearest OSHA Area Director A toll free report could be made orally or by tworirteicnegive reports during night hours weekends and holidays phone number would be established of the circumstances surrounding Basically the report would have to contain an explacnoantcieornning the severity of any injuries the accident the number of deaths and information additional information to be submitted in writing or However an Area Director could require --Condensed from t^'xt other manner Industrial Hygiene Digest December 1979 1266/79 Latency Period for Mesothelioma A. Chovil and C. Stewart Lancet 2 853 October 20 1979. 3 refs ^' Some texts and published papers leave the impression that mesothelioma due to asbestos is a tumour that develops in old age a very long time after exposure In Ontario this is by no means always true The Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario has since 1970 been compensating cases of mesothelioma attributable to occupational asbestos exposure Claims have been accepted for 26 cases that had occurred between 1958 and 1978. Most have been workers in industries with high potential exposures mainly to chrysotile fibres The age at diagnosis or death has ranged from 37 to 78 years with a mean of 56.0 Latency defined as the period from first known exposure to diagnosis has ranged from 6 to 44 years with a mean of 26.9 the authors cannot rule out additional earlier occupational exposure 19 of the cases were pleural in origin and 7 peritoneal The series is small but certainly does not fit the textbook picture Elmes and Simpson have suggested that latency for this tumour may be a function of dose This may account for the authors observations --Condensed from text 1267/79 A Study of Pulmonary Deposition and the Elimination of Some Constituent Metals from Welding Fume in Laboratory Animals H. F. Lam et al Ann Occup Hyg 21 363-373 1979. 24 refs The deposition of particulates from welding fumes produced by two different welding modes manual are using flux coated electrodes and automatic metal gas MIC using stainless steel wires has been studied in the rat and guinea pig The removal of certain metallic components of bility of the the fume specific deposit occurred at different metal but common early phase rates dependent on the in elimination mechanisms were vivo soluidentified for all metals studied --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1268/79 a Immunoallergic Shifts in Experimental Animals Exposed to Wool Dust and Its Components S. S. Baizakova Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 7 36-40 1979. 14 refs Russian Sensitization to wool dust is mainly attributable to mold fungi and bacteria In the present experiments on animals immunologic shifts in the leukocytic system under the effect of wool dust and its components occurred before the manifestation of a positive allergic response by the skin so leukocyte agglomeration tests and leukocytolysis may be suitable for an early detection of dust and microbial allergies Apart from a specific allergy animals developed humoral and cellular autosensitization to a homologous pulmonary antigen Bacteria and fungi caused a more marked autoallergic process than did other dust components The autoallergic reactions of leukocytes agglomeration and damage reflected immune process Specific immunity processes and autoimmune shifts the dynamics of occurred in the the autopresence of an altered immunobiologic reactivity At first during the establishment of specific allergy the cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific immunity were on the increase later with the development of autoimmunization to the pulmonary antigen the body defenses became pro- gressively weaker --Author's summary in English a 1269/79 Inhibition of Dependent Chemiluminescence of Alveolar Macrophages by Possible Etiological Agents of Byssinosis G. Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 40 860-865 A. Greenblatt and R. L. Ziprin October 1979. 16 refs Aqueous extracts of cotton bracts inhibited dependent chemiluminescence of phagocytosing alveolar macrophages The inhibitory compounds were partitioned into organic solvents Chromotographic analysis indicated that these compounds were either lacinilene C or its methyl ether and scopoletin The fact that the inhibitory activity of these compounds was always less than that of the total extract suggests synergistic action These compounds may function as etiological agents of byssinosis --Authors abstract abstract i reprinted by permission