Document 6Bb5Z1B7BdaBkjRGE88NR9Oqd

**o Vn *3 HWBB-0007877 6Z8/00B-88H Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Fa., January 10, 1938 . REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) Hwi Items G<X HOUSEKEEPING A'D SAFETY IN FOUNDRIES AND INDUSTRIAL CODES AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEGISLATION. Reprint No. 37-30,jAmerlcan Foundrymen'a Assoo., Ino., ^ Chioagd, (1937). 61 pp. price |1*50 V la/, r^ Thia booklet consieta of papers presented at the last meeting of the association. Among the subjects treated are eye and respiratory protection in the foundry, silicoeia, good housekeeping in the foundry, industrial codes and their applica tions, and occupational disease legislation. Abstracts of these papers will ap pear in a future bulletin. COVERED HOPPER CAR FOR GRAVITY UNLOADING. The following note wbs sent to us with the statement that it might be of interest to the members of the Foundation. The duet problem in loading and unloading raw meterials shipped by rail in bulk has long been taiom as a serious harard. In most instances fine granular products have been pulled out of a bo* ear by means of a power shovel operated by one or more men within the dust filled car. Not only is the oar itself loaded with dust, but pulling the commodity into a chute et the edge of the box car allows good percentage of the material to be blown into other near parts of the plant. problem has become so acute in industries using silica sand, powdered ersesjta, burned lime and other haeardous commodities that the General American Transportation Corporation, 135 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, have developed, billt and leased to shippers or consignees, e covered hopper car that will unload granular products by gravity. An inexpensive track hopper is usually used in a&junotion with the oar and a boot between the hopper and the ear makes the un loading operation both dust proof and economical.* (B) frtpers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrie! Hygiene. 3 DUST HAZARD AMONG FOUNDRYMEN. L. H. Osmond. Am. J. Roentgenol, and Rad. Therapy 38, 122-3 (July, 1937). (See note on final page.) The author reports roentgenological and clinical surveys of the foundry employees of a large plant in Pittsburgh. All workers undergo an annuel physical examina tion, fnd careful histories are taken showing the location of each man's work since he entered the company's service. Duet aounts are available for each loca tion. They range from 13*1 million particles per cubuc foot in the molding roam to 44.9 million in the coremaking department, but a count of 240 million was ob tained during the night shakeout. Chemical analysis of the dust showed 52^ free silica and 10.35? calcium and magnesium silicates. The incidence of simple sllV cosis in the entire group, including many who had worked less than 5 years was 5.5?!. In those with over 20 years' experience, silicotic fibrosis was found in 44^, including 32"? without infection and 127! with infection. The disability of those without infection was practically nil, while it was frequent in those w^io had oompllooting infection. Little correlation between inoldenoe and du6t concentration was observed. The death rate among ell these worker* wc# 517 per 03117794 V- s Ch ~-A- ..< References to Recent Literature - 2 100,000, ls compered with 89 per 100,000 for til males ir. Allegheny County over 30 years of age. The men now wee-r respire.tors, but tests made at the level of orane runners showed 43*6 million particles per cubic foot in the free air, 39.3 million beneath the respirator with an old cartridge and 12.2 million with a new oertridge. 4 SILICOSIS IN MODERN FOUNDRIES - STUDY OF THE - INCIDENCE. J.F,Kelly and R.C.Hall. N.Y. State J. Med. 37, 478-61 (1937). Three foundries in tftica were surveyed; two were modern plants, fitted with latest means of dust protection and employing 150-20C men each, while the other, employ ing about 50, used no special precautions. Of the 4C3 eases examined, 4 cases of first degree silicosis, 1 of silicosis with tuberculosis, and 30 of "dusty lung" were found. The term "dusty lung" was applied where an exaggerated pulmonary pattern or increased perilymphatic fibrosis was shown. Two of the cases of sili cosis were found in the small factory; Three of the cases occurred among molders and one among the "shakers-out," The authors conclude that their investigation showed a very low incidence. 5 REPORT ON TEE SIGNIFICANCE OF SANDBLASTERS' SILICOSIS IN THE FOUNDRIES OF OBERHE3SE AND HESSE-NASSAU. H.R.Buettncr. Verh* Deut. ges. f. Inn. Med. 48, l"S-82 (1936). Pneumoconiosis wns diagnosed in 20-^5 of 147 sandblasters examined, and 2 cases were classified as severe. Seven out of 53 who had worked for 1 year had definite pneumoconiosis and 5 had primary pulmonary tuberculosis, while 9 cases were found in those with occupational exposure of 5 to 24 years. The x-rny films in 18 of 28 cases of pneumoconiosis resembled those of definite miliary tuberculosis. In two large glass works investigated, 10 and 44^ of the sandblasters, respectively, had pneunoeonlosis; imperfect protection was afforded in the latter works. 6 FILTRATION OF RESPIRED AIR AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PNEUMOCONISSIS. G. Lehmann, Ergeb. d. Hyg., u. Baet. 19_, 1-87 (1937), (German). This paper is a summary and amplification of the author's work on filtering ability of the nose, some of which has been reported in these abstracts. An ap paratus for testing nasal filtration is described. The nasal mechanism for arre#ting dust is described fully. Experiments on the relation between nasal fil tration and pneumoconiosis are reported; good dust filtration is found to be a protection against the early development of severe pneumoconiosis. An investiga tion of wearability and efficiency of dust protective measures is also included. The experiments have been carried out very thoroughly and are of great interest. 7 THE EXCRETION OF SILICA IN URINE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF SILICA AND SILICATE DUSTS A:U THE SOLUBILITY OF SILIC,. AND SILICATE DUSTS IN ACID A! ALKALINE SOLU TIONS AT 37cq, A.G.R.Whitehouse, British Colliery Owners' Research Association, Royal School of Mines London, England. J. Ir.di- Hyg. i Toxicol. 19, 590-7 (December 1937), Reprints obtainable from oethor. It is known thrt silica dust taken into the stomach of a dog causes a definite in crease in urinsry output of silica, and the author made a similar human investi gation, using himself as subject, swallowing various quantities of quarts, flint, precipitated silica, and whinstor.e, a mixture of silicates containing no free silica. Various precautions were found necessary for accurate results; the input of liquids had to be kept constant, water low ir. silica, had to be used, and beer was avoided. The daily excretion of silica was definitely increased with very fine flint dust, the silicate dust and precipitated silica; in the case of silicic acid tr.-- increase was much greater. Ir. the second part of the investigation, the solubility of siliea and silicate dusts in solutions of knew, acidity and alkalinity was determined at the body temperature, 37C. This procedure was neccss-ry because the results of the feed ing experiments did net reveal whether the dusts dissolved in the gastric juice 03117795 HWBB-0007880 HW8B-0007S8I References to Recent Literature - 3 or in the alkaline body fluids. The amount of silica dissolved by 0.1 normal so dium hydroxide was greatest with flint, lower values being obtained from quartz, coel-meesure sandstones, granite and whinstone, while a sample of stone dust (about 5% free silica) gave much the lowest figure. With 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid, as solvent, the dusts arranged in order of solubility were whinstone, granite, sandstone, quartz and flint. The amount of silica dissolved ty 0.2 nor mal sodium carbonate was much greater than by 0.1 r,. sodium hydroxide, whil<- the reverse of this was the case with granite. The influence on the rate of solution of such factors as particle size and ratio cf dust to solvent are shown. In view of the facts determined, great care should be exercised in attempting to corre late urinary excretion of silica with silicosis. 8 ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROTECTION AGAINST LUNG INFLAMMATION OF TORKERS IN THOMAS SLAG MILLS. H. Gundel and H, Fischer. Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Infection. (German) 120, 66-87 (1937). Statistical data on incidence and fatal cases of pneumonia in Thomas slag workers are presented, both for early days and recent years, during which there were sev eral epidemic-like outbreaks. The authors agree with others in believing that the dust weakens resistance of lung tissue to bacteria and paves the way for inflam matory diseases of the lungs. Rieumonia of types II and III was found abundantly in workers in Thomas slag plants Therefore the case is one of real infectious disease, the frequent occurrence cf which is determined by a special ha.ard. The authors recommend elimination of all workers with catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. They have also begun active immunization of personnel of one industry against pneumonia of types I, II, and III. Animal experiments on the effect of magnesium in Thomas slag are being con ducted. 9 HINERALOGIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS AND THEIR DUSTS WITH REGARD TO THE DUST HAZARD IN STONE QUARRYING, DRESSING AND MANUFACTURING. G. Hass. Zntrlbl. f. Gewerbehyg. u. Unfall. 24, 193-201 (1937). A comprehensive description of silicates and minerals under the heading of "free silica* and other minerals is given. The author's view is noteworthy in that he believes eerioite may possibly be formed from feldspars by "disintegration processes* in the lungs. The author suggests, as others have previously, that the composition of a dust under certain conditions may be different from that of its parent substance. Quartz mixtures in fluorspar, barite and roofing slate are described and the role they play in dust formation is discussed. The chemical and physical properties, occurrence, importance and technioal uses of various kinds of stone are presented in a table. 10 THE EFFECTS OF COAL SMOKE OF KNOWN COMPOSITION ON THE LUNGS OF ANIMALS. Lucy Schr.urer ar.d S. R. Haythorn. Am. J. Rithol. 13_, 799-808 (Sept. 1937), Reprints are obtainable from Dr. Haythorn, Singer Memorial Lab., Allegheny General Hos pital, Pittsburgh, Pi. Ar. experimental method is described by which finely divided carbon particles in an almost pure state may be successfully introduced into the alveoli of the lungs. Immediately after exposure to the smoke inhalations the lung lesions were those of r.on-occupiticnr.l anthracosis. The animals kept under animal house conditions for several months to a year after exposure to smoke developed fibrous reactions about the- carbrr. deposits with the formation of collagen strands. The resulting lung changes were analogous to those of a milder grade of bituminous as seen in soft coal miners. The method provides a way cf experimental study of the actual relation of carbon deposits to the common respiratory infections - Author's summary. 03117796 uj)W( HiiBB-000788? References to Recent Literature - 4 11 PNEUMOCONIOSES OF THE WORKER. K. Wider. Ztschr. f# Gewerbehyg. u. Unfall, 44, 131-5 (1937). ^Tlicosia became compensable in Austria or, April 1, 1935. Since then, 2C6 cases have been reported in the Wortaen's Compensation Offices of these, 171 are miners, some from lignite mines# In the metal industry, most cases are among sandstone grinders and sandblasters. 12 PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS. IV. THE ASBESTOS BODY AND SIMILAR OBJECTS IN THE LUNG. Kenneth M. Lynch, M.D., Dept, cf Pathology, Medical College of the State of South Carolina, Charleston, S. Carolina. J.A.il.A. 109, 674-8 (Dec. 11, 1937), Re prints probably obtainable from author. The typicaj asbestos body (also called asbestosis body) is an object 10 to over 100 microns,?and 1 to 12 microns thick and is composed of a eentral translucent fiber or needle crystal of asbestos with an enveloping shiny golden or brownish gelantinous substance constructing various architectural figure*. Sometimes it is beaded or clubbed and sometimes spherical. A Prussian blue reaction for iron is given. These bodies may be found at various places in the lung, especially ir. the bronchioles, the alveoli and in the tissues along the lymphatic route; usual ly shorter at a distance from, the alveoli, but often surprisingly long, consider ing the distance they have traveled. They sometimes cause fibrosis around them, but not necessarily. They ar6 also found in the sputum of those exposed to as bestos dust, but their presence or absence in the sputum does not indicate the presence or absence of asbestosis; their presence only shows that exposure to the dust has occurred. Similar bodies have been found in persons exposed to coal dust, and in others who have died of heart failure, rheumatism and arteriosclero sis, without known heavy dust exposure. Exposure to asbestos dust does not al ways produce asbestos bodies; bare fibers have been found in the lungs of animals, fhe author has seen silica particles similarly enveloped, in cases of silicosis, not always so highly colored. It is suggested that other fibrous or crystalline dusts not yet studied may form similar bodies# 13 BLOOD EXAMINATIONS IN FJLMONARY FIBROSIS OF HEMATITE IRON ORE MINERS, J. Craw. Tubercle, 19., 8-18 (October 1937). In radiographic examinations of hematite miners in West Cumberland (England), the hematite accumulations show a definite and dense shadow, apart from any accompany ing fibrosis, and there is a tendency to diagnose silicosis when a miner complains of unfitness and his pulmonary symptoms and the x-ray of the test show generalized modulation. The silica oontent of inhaled dust, however, is low, and in spite of 20 to 30 years' work and general nodulatior. in all lung fields, the miners are perfectly fit for work end arc not short of breath. For these reasons hematolog ical work was instituted as an essential in diagnosis. Routine procedure includ ed the following determinations* (1) sedimentation rate of the red cells; (2) total white cell count; (3) differential white cell count, and (4) the polymorphonuclears count of von Bonsdorff. The findings in 6 cases are given, with case histories* Of the 50 hematite miners studied, 20 normal minors had no complaint of breathlessness and no x-ray or physical signs of pulmonary fibrosis, while, 30 complained of pulmonary disability in varying degrees, with positive x-ray find ings. Many miners develop a pure pulmonary siderosis without accompanying fibro sis, and their blood picture is r.craai. Sidero-silicosis of uncomplicated type shews a definite increase in percentage of lymphocytes, and the ratio of poly morphonuclear oells to 1 yr.phocytes becomes 1 or less. The sedimentation rate and nuclear count are normal. When infection is present, the sedimentation rate in creases, the nuclear count increases and there is a leucooytosis which may ap proach a septic count. Although the results are preliminary, the method is recom mended for aiding the differential diagnosis of siderosis without fibrosis and of sidero-silicosie, and for detecting tuberculosis or other infective agents at an early stage. 03117297 HMBB-0007883 References to Reoent Literature - S <r^ 0 14 RANGE OF ELECTROTOR METER DEMONSTRATED 3Y DARK-FIELD COUNT. S.C. Elacktln. J, lad. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 1_9, 579-89 (December 1337), The eleetrotor meter, invented by the author, is an instrument for dust determin ation on the same general principle as the Owens jet counter, but the dust-is de posited on a ciroular disk of celluloid or ebonite which rotates -as the plunger is pushed ar.d is electrified at the same time by friction. Six orifices are pro vided, one at the center of the disk and the others at varying distances from the center, and any one or any combination of orifices car. be used for the same air sample. The dust, then, is deposited at the oenter or in one or more of a series of oonoentrio rings, or both at the oenter ar.d one or more rings, each of which is 1 mm. in width. Ir. light dust concentrations, the center alone may be used; in very dusty air, several rings may be used simultaneously. Since equal quan tities of dust are deposited in the various rings and the area of the total de posit varies with the distance from the center, the number of particles per unit area decreases correspondingly, and at least one ring will be found whero the dis persion is neither too light nor too heavy to count. This construction enables the instrument to be applicable to dust concentrations varying from 5 to 1.5 million particles per cc. (14C,000 particles to 42 billion particles per cubic foot), which is a much wider range than is attainable by any other instrument. The figures given apply to darkfield under a magnification of 450. Rough es timates of dustiness may also be made by ir.spoctior. of the record. (A modifica tion by which dust deposits car. be both counted and weighed has been described in our abstract no. 536. As yet no reply has been received to our inquiry for earlier reprints and other" information.) 15 DUST CONTROL IN TEE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM REFRACTORY MATERIALS. F.Prockat, Staub. no. 4, 16-37 (January 1937) (German.) The use of water during crushing of quartz is not always sufficient fc prevent dust, as some dust arises when the stamp or hammer is actually crushing the quartz The dust hazard car. be remedied by a suitable exhaust system. Molding of re fractories can often be oarried on in open air. Rospirators should be used only when no other remedy is available. A German law of April 1, 1937 requires em ployers to pay special attention to silicosis prevention. ^IST OF RESPIRATORY IROTECTIVE DEVICES APPROVED BY THE 'J.S. BUREAU OF JTNES. K. Schrenck. U. S. Bur. Mines, Information Circular no. 6952 (August 1937). Obtainable from the Division cf Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington,DC. The list of approved respiratory devices is brought up to date in this issue. Jie present list inoludes all devices approved up to April 10, 1937, a total of jout 4C, with names and addresses of manufacturers. 17 PROCEDURE FOR TESTING SUFFLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS FOR ERKEAEILITY. U.S.Bur. Minos Schedule 19A. (Aug. 5, 1937). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 3 cents, cash. This schedule describes the present methods used by the 3uroau of Mines for test ing supplied-air respirators, the standards used, and the method of approval. (A similar schedule for filter-type respirators was issued as no. 21 in 1934.) 1= INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. RaTE OF AIR FLOW THROUGH HOODS. John L. Aider.. Heating and VXr.t. 34, 47-52 (December 1937). No reprints are available at present, but r.ay be when the series is completed. This paper is the fourth ir. the series or, the subject. (See abstracts 548, 597 : r.d 595} Th. air volume to be drawn through a hood car. be computed only after the general shape ar.d location of the hood are established. The minimum basis for the necessary nssunptic-: is a freehand sketch reasonably drawn to scale. 03117798 KiiSB-0007884 References to Rocent Literature - 6 The preparation of this sketch must take into account most of the factors treated in the former papers, which are simcmrized, Including elimination of unnecessary air contamination, oontrol of dust-dispersing ourrents by baffles or shields, and. by ourrents of greater intensity, making the exhaust velooity greater than the velocity of esoape at all points, and looating the hood so that high-speed par ticles will be thrown into it. Ho general statement oan be made as to the ve locities required to prevent the escape of dust and dusty air, and the engineer must lay his own foundation for hood design. A simple exploratory hood is de scribed and illustrated. Its volune rate of flow oan be measured and plotted against the static suction. It can be moved until the moat satisfactory location is found. Such equipaaent will pay for itself in lessened first eost of the ex haust system. Average f&ee volocitiee of 500 to 1000 foet per minute are usually sufficient for hoods partially or wholly enclosing the dust source. Most woodworking and grind ing hoods fall in this catogory. Figures are givsn for several examples. Ex periments with a mixture of stones and coffee beans showed that relatively low velocities will pick up fairly heavy particles. The coffee beans alone were picked up at 1550 f.p*m. Satisfactory pipe sizes and suction for a variety of manufacturing machinery are given in a table. Formulae ore given for calculating neoessary air volume entering the hood. The eooffioient of entry is discussed, with experimental results on. different types of orifices. Of these types, the well-rounded nozzle and the thin plate orifice, are extensively used and have been investigated thoroughly, but oooffioients of same of the others are not so well established. The loss in percent velooity head is plotted against coefficient of entry, and the method of oaloulation is given. 19 SAHTY IN THE ENAMEL HANT. E. Eckels. Coram. Forum , 4 (Dec*, 1957)* A genoral paper reporting safety precautions in use at the Erio plant of the General Eloctric Co, including mechanical safeguards and prevention of exoess pressure in spray barrels. The use of rospirators in spraying operations and intruction of operators regarding lead and silicosis hazards is urged. Spray booths have been improved and good respirators and other protective equipment are now available, and silicosis has lost its first plaoe as a hazard in the enamel plant. The present evils in the enamel plant, as elsewhere, are the small things not attended to or properly supervised. 20 SOME NOTES ON THE FROKRTIES OF CHILLED METALLIC SHOT AND GRIT USED IN SAND BLASTING. J.E.Hurst and J.H.D.Bradshaw. Foundry Trade J. 57, 447-8, 474-6, (Dec. 9 and 16, 1937), Metallic shot and grit are used extensively in Great Britain instead of sand for abrasive blasting. The term "shot" denotes more or less spherical particles, and "grit" those with sharp edges. They are used in a wide range of sizes, from 100 mesh and coarser, for various types of work. This paper is a discussion of chemical composition, performance data, nozzle wear, life of the shot and grit, strength properties, micrestructure and grading, with results of various tests. No general conclusion is reached, because the necessary properties vary widely with the exact nature of the work. Additional investigation is reoammended. 21 A NEW ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR. G.W.Penney. Elec. Eng. 56, 159-71 (1937). Reprints arc btr.inr.tie from the author, address Research laboratory, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co., East Pittsburgh, tt. The author describes a new type of plate to plate precipitator with pre-ionizing wires, and states that as a result high air cleaning efficiencies are now pos sible without the production cf objectionable concentrations of ozone or oxides of nitrogen. The precipitators have been found to give excellent results in re moving smoko, sect, pollen causing hay fever and asthma, and hazardous dusts such as silica. Tests with the impinger showed a dust collecting efficiency of 99*6^. 03117799 , Rcf-.rcr.ccs f Recent Literature - 7 22 ,,IE CONDITIONING FOR INDUSTRIAL YiORKaRS. Chrrivs L. Hubbard. Fewer Plant Eng. 41, 81-2 (November 1937). The use -fair c 'nditi- nir.g in industry is growing, net jnly for protect!':; against injury, but also for comfort end greater efficiency. The present brief paper deals exclusively with the latter aspect. Physical comfort depends large ly upen b'dily temperature, and this in turn upon the relation between the rates of heat prcducti-n and dissipationj that is, heat must be removed frwr. the tody at the same rate at which it is produced. The principal factors affecting this condition are tenporaturc, humidity, and air r.-tion, and between certain limits various c-mbinati'ns of these will give practically the sane result. The "ef fective temperature* is any ccnbinati -n of the 3 factors that give the same re sult as saturated still air at ?0'F. Tables, abridged from mere olaberate -nes published by the a.S.H.V.E. arc presented, shewing such combinations fer summer and winter c.nditi r.s, f-r still air and f"r a velocity of 200 feet per minute. It is pointed out that t' a great a contrast between indoor and outside air must net be introduced. In general it should not exceed 10CF., but in special cases mcdificati.ns are necessary. L/> oo oc r>. CD cs CD t CS cs :x 23 AIR CONDITIONING HI FACTORIES. C.7T. Price, Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 30, 1544-7 (October 1937.) The author believes that conditi ns in different industries are to1' varied to a all-w adoption of complete air-c-nditioning methods. In Great Eritair. the prob lem is mainly one of vontilati-n and adequate heating, supplemented with air cleaning where necessary. 24 alE PURIFICATION AND ALLERGIC CONDITIONS. E.M.Fraenkel. Proc Royal Soc. Med. 3C, 1547-50 (Oct. her 1937). ^ie author has devised a mask c-ntaining fine granular silica, gel and active char coal. The mask is said t' retain particles doom t.. 0.01 r.icran and to be inperraocble to ppridinc, oapr.-nio acid, scatal, tobacco smoke, ammonia, chlorine, phosgene, and sulfur dioxide. It is recommended for protection against allergens and poisonous war gases. 25 FORD 153TOR COMFANY SETS EIGH AIR CONDITIONING STANDARDS. J.J.Floreth. Heating, Piping 4 Air Cend. 9_, -729-32 (December 1937), Ihe paper is general description of air c r.ditiening in the plants of the Ford Motor Co., the largest single user of modern air conditioning. The program started many years ago with controlling of air required in several basic process es of m.onufacturc, and varied types of air c-nditicning are now used for special purposes; f-.r instance, a temperature of 30-F. and air current cf 70 miles per hour, t tost automobiles under severe c :r.diti--ns. However, the rapid extension of the program to the strictly human comfort field is mar-,, significant. Air c-.nd it i.-nir.g is r.rw used in a large section of the mair plant, offices, laboratories and a number f branch assembly plants. Returns cannot be measured directly, but must be evaluated frx. increased efficiency, mere accurate wrrk, better health, and especially increased good will. Specifications range from 80F and 46$ humidity in the hottest days tc 70rF and 30$ humidity, in severe winter weather. Experiments on various methods of dis tribution, temperature and air filtr'ti-n are undertaken by the company, and bidders are given full instruct! -r.s.an all requirements before deciding on equip ment and install-ti:r.. 26 SOME 05SLRV..TI0HS ON THE HEALTH ASPECTS OF AIR CONDITIONING. TT.J.McConnell, H.H.Fcll.ws, N.G.Fell.ws and M-G.Stephens, Bulletin issued by Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Neva Yark (1937) and -bteir.able from the Company. Ar. investigation -f a group f 5,000 clerical employees working in completely a ir-c 'r.diticr.ed offices, and ar. equal groups in offices tha.t were not air cmditi ned but cthor.viso properly heated and ventilated, sh-wed no measurable differences in the incidence or length cf absences caused by upper respiratory HW8B-0007886 References t' Recent Literature - 8 diseases or from non-respirat-ry illness, '<fher. c-mf'rt is considered, h-wever, quite satisfactory results, particularly in het weather, were obtained from oirccnditi^ning apparatus. 27 GOOD AIR IK WORKH-.CES. W. Wictfcldt. Zor.trlfcl, f. Gewerbehyg. u. Unfall. 2-i, 225-33 (October 1937) (Gernar.), Natural ventilation sh'uld be used to tr.: greatest possible extent far economical reasons. Where it is inadequate, local -r central supplementary mechanical ve.ntilati-r. should be installed. Local ventilation is cheaper, but ccatral systems have a wider range of application. Such installation should be entrusted to ex perts, s improperly made installations ray be expensive and useless. Twelve fundamental principles outlined by the German Ministry of Labor are listed. 26 REPORT OF THE CONNECTICUT STaTE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, BUREAU OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, Dr. a, S._Gray, Director, pp. 155-221 (1936). Obtainable from above Buror.u, Hartford, CcnnT ` " This report departs from the CT.venticnal type of state document in being a series of technical papers describing investigations actually made. Among those rep;rt- cd are dust hesards, their estimati r. and control, as in foundries, rock drilling as a source of dust, preventi-n of contamination by organic sclveirts and chlor inated naphthalenes, carbon monoxide surveys and various dust problems. 29 MINES DEPARTMENT j FIFTEENTH ANNUAL DEPORT OF THE SAFETY OF MINES RESEARCH BOARD, 1937. H.M.Stationery Office, London (1937). Obtainable from British Library of Information, 270 idadison Ave., New York. Price not given. Host of the report is devoted to mine safety, including the development of an electrically driven firedamp recorder, improvement of lighting, factors relating to falls of ground, and haulage accidents, reduction of noise, protective cloth ing, and effect of radiation from '.sails on comfort in hot mines. Work on dust suppression and prevention continues. The Hay mist projector is of value where the temperature is not above 65F, and the addition of moisture tc the atmos phere has but a negligible effect on comfort. Where tho temperature is much higher other equipment is desirable. A series of"bag filters of 400 sq. ft. filtering area with a suction fan of 1200 cu. ft. per min. capacity has been found highly efficient. The study of the use of wetting agents in dust sup pression is being continued. 30 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDUSTRIE HEALTH EESEA2CH BOaRD TO JUNE 30, 1937. H.I".Stationery Office, London, 1937. Obtainable from the British Library of Information, 270 IhdisonAve., New York, Price act given. Fuller abstract in Journal cf Industrial Hygiene, December 1937. This is the latest annual summary cf the work of th6 above Board. The subjects studied include fatigue, illumination, environmental conditions, a summary of literature on toxic solvents, scale cf equivalent warmth, medical examinations f'.r Post Office service applicants, accident proneness, vocational guidance and sickness among transport workers. The effects of exposure to alumina dust have beer, studied (sec our abstract 434 ir. the September Bulletin.) In an investiga tion of silicosis in sandblasters it was not possible to conclude that sericitc is ar. Important causative factor. Silicosis has been defined fer compensation purposes in accordance with well-recognized signs of disease and states of dis ability, but there arc cases that do not present the recognised well-marked features, and arc classed as "non-certifiable Bilioosis". A large scaj. in vestigation of such cases is planned. 03117801 Ref: os t: .-.e cent Literature 9 HiiBB-0007887 32 THE PLaCE OF THE STATE IE SAFETY. August Sigurdsor.. Sofety Er..-. 74, 19-20 (Dee. 1937). " The author presents - brief account of progress made by the Industrial Corr.issi'r. of Wisconsin, particularly in securing cooperotion by employers end er.pl.yecs. The policy of selling the safety idea, rather than compulsion and prosecution, has been kept uppermost. It is often more difficult to enlist the cc-pcrati-.r. of employees than that ^'f employers, but it has been accomplished by persistent effort or. the part of safety workers. 33 SICKLE) S3 AIIOIIG ITALE INDUS TRIAL E1TL0YEES DURING THE SECND QUARTER AND FIRST HALF OF 1937. D.H.Brundoge. U.S.Pub. Health Repts. 52, 1523-6 (Oct. 29, 1337). Obtainable from Supt, of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 10 cents cash. -T^v Based on reports covering 164,000 males, the rate of sickness and r.cn-industrial accidents for the first half of the year was about 15J? higher than that for the same period in 1936 and 22% above the 5-yoar period, 1932-1936. The rate for respiratory disease ir. the first half of 1937 was 56.9 cases por 1000, -which is 36^ above that for 1936 and 49% abovo the 5-year average, ftieunonia has in creased in the last 2 years, and the 1937 influenza rate was about 70% above the 1936 figure. Tuberculosis showed n decrease, and appendicitis increased. There was little variation in ether diseases. 34 INDUSTRIAL DISEASES IN 1936 ACCORDING TO TEE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRADE AS.-OCIaTIGNS. ARBEITSSCHUT2 (German) 10, 244-51 (1937). In 1936, 5326 cases of industrial diseases were reported in Germany and 532 were compensated. Figures are also river, for each year since 1929. A report follows giving the occurrence cf industrial diseases according to groups cf industries and the measures adopted for prevention. In the stone and mining industry, x-ray ar,d medical examinations wore made by experts, but many abuses are still present. In the metallurgical and rolling mill groups there are relatively large number? of poisoning by lead and carbon noncxido ar.d injury from Thomas slag dust. r:.ser of lead poisoning still run high among painters and iron construction indust-is, as do also pneumoconiosis cases among pclishors. Introduction of silica-frce grinding wheals and substitution rf steel shot for quartz sand in sandblasting have progressed, and the medical inspection of sandblasters has improved. Benzene poisoning is frequent ir. the rubber casing industry and a fatal case occurred in a factory making printing dyes, but it is now possible to produce colors that contain little or nc aromatic hydrocarbons. Attention is called to the use of bichromates in photoengraving. 35 TEE EXPANDING ACTIVITIES OF STATE LABOR DBPaRT: ENTS. E.N.Stewart. U.S.Nonthly Labcr Rev. 45_, 529-40 (Sept. 1937). administrative agencies have beer, created in several States ar.d materially strengthened in others, in order tc build up adequate machinery for administra tion and enforcement cf the many recently enacted labcr laws. State departments have been established in most cf the Southern States, and e-xisting agencies ve beer, strengthened by unification in ethers, notably Arkansas, Indiana and Rhode Island. In Pennsylvania ar.d ether States long established labor departments have beer, reorganized ar.d expanded in order to deal with a broadened program of labor legisiati r.. RECENT ADVaNTES IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND lEDICINE. TNI.Ling. Published by P.Blakistrr.1 s Sens A Cc,, Inc., Philadelphia, 1937. 212 pages, price $3,50. The reviewer recommends this text as useful to newcomers in the field of indus trial medicine who need the major problems presented simply. The first chapters deal with medical and supervision, industrial accidents and neuroses. Dust and its effects are discussed simply and clearly, and a chapter is devoted to lead \ poisoning. The treatment of gases and solvents is very brief. 03117802 iiBBB-0007888 References to Recent Literature - 10 37 ABSOLUTE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION IN CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY. H.Kaiser (German) Angew, Chem* SO, 632 (1937). The following method for determination of the silica content of lungs is presented the sample is ashed below 500C, the ash is converted with freshly prepared soda solution, which is then diluted, filtered and neutralized with hydrochloric acid, and imde up to 100 co. Thirty cc. of the solution is dyed .according to Urbach's method, employing molybdic oxide, hydroquir.one and carbonate-sulfite solution. After dostruotion of the phosphorus-mclybden-aeid complex, the sample is measured photometrically and the silica content is calculated. o (C) Itepers on Industrial poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 38 PROBLEMS ON THE TOXICOLOGY AND CLINICAL ASIECTS OF ACUTE POISONING FROM SOLVENTS. F. Luce. Gesm&ske (German) 9_, 89-90 (1937). Solvents used in industry are usually impure substances or mixtures, and the ef fect of each component must be considered* The effects of the constituents may be additive in mixtures, but that is not always true. Hie total vapor pressure of mixed solvents is necessarily higher than that of the pure substances. In the treatment of prolonged loss of consciousness, especially if epileptic seizures occur, generous rectal or subcutaneous doses of physiological dextrose or Ringer solution are recommended. The search for detoxifying antidotes must be continued- .<=5\ The nature of the "second attack* occurring after apparent recovery, especially after carbon tetrachloride poisoning, must be studied. 39 INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY OF TODAY. D. Hunter. Hum. J. 137, 514-5, 539 (1936). The British legal aspects, symptoms and clinical treatment in cases of industrial poisoning by various inorganic and organic substances, chlorine compounds ar.d toxic gases are described. 40 PRECAUTIONARY NOTES FOR USERS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC SOLVENTS. Home Offico, F:cc^ry Department, Form 297 (London), June, 1937. Obtainable from British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., New York. Part of the danger ir. the use of organic solvents is due to their being branded with trade names that conceal their composition. Tiny product of this kind should be assumed to be injurious by inhalation or by skin contact unless it has eccn proved safe under all conditions. Some compounds which are not toxic may caus. soreness of the eyes and throat. Simple precautions car. be taken with little trouble and at comparatively low cost. They include total enclosure of the proc ess if possible, otherwise general ventilation, prevention of escape of the va pors, protective clothing, immediate washing when solvents come in contact with the skir., prohibition of smoking and open flames (whether the- solvents are in flammable or not), prohibition of eating where solvents are present, and general care, cf health of the workers. 41 BENZENE NOTICE SHEET, Arbeitsschutz (German) 10, 236 (1937). ji "benzene notice sheet" has been prepared by the German Health Office for dis tribution to workers and foremen. It is probably similar to the pamphlets issued by the U.S. Division of Labor Standards, mentioned in our earlier Bulletins. 42 HEALTH INJURY I-N PHOTOENGRAVING. J. Brachnann. Arch. f. Hyg., 118, 328-52 (1337) (German). This paper deals with the use of benzene-xylene mixtures and their toxicity. The employees of 4 plants were examined. In the beginning of work with these mixtures headache, fatigue, irritability and ether, symptoms are common, but they usually disappear later. The color index of the blood is frequently over 1, and some times there is c notable decrease of leucocytes. The lymphocyte percentage is 03117803 References to Recent literature - 13 HiiBB-0007889 leal and toxicological studies of this substance have been in connection with its use as a hygroeoopic agent in cigarettes but no conclusion has been reaohed on that point, and the effeots of prolonged inhalation are unlmown. Triethylene gly col has been little used in industry, and little is known about its effects. The studies on ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, known commercially as "eellosolve", have indicated that it has a similar toxicity to that of ethylene glycol. The same is true of the glycol ethers and ester-ethers, known under the trade names of butyl cellosolve, methyl oarbitol, carbitol, butyl earbitol, methyl oellosolve., oellosolve acetate, and carbitol acetate. Such of those as have been investigated show toxic effeots on animals in high concentrations, but the effect of low con centrations over long periods is unknown. All these substances should be used with caution until more information has been accumulated. 54 TOXICITY OF ORGANIC SILICON COMPOUNDS. I. TETRAETHYL-ORTHO-SILICATE. Joseph A. Kasper, Carey F. McCord and William G. Frederick. Ind. Med. 6, 60-4 (Dec. 1937). Reprints or multigraphed copies may be obtained from Dr. McCoFd, Dept, of Health, Detroit, Mich. S' Tetraethyl-ortho-silicate, generally known as ethyl silicate, is used industrially -5>: as a stone preservative and solvent. In experiments with 228 small animals (rab bits, guinea pigs and rats) the substance was administered intravenously, ir.tra- e peritoneally, subcutaneously, intratracheally, orally, and to a limited extent through inhalation, alone and with suitable control substances, in different amounts and at various intervals. The minimum lethal dose, when injected intra venously into rabbits, is approximately 0.2 ml. per kilo of body weight: death usually occurs within one hour. The minimum lethal dose for rats, when admin istered intraperitoneally, is approximately 0.06 ml. per 100 grams of body weight: death usually takes place within 4 days. Whatever method of introduction is used, the first action is mainly on the lungs, and consists of rupture of terminal capillaries, accompanied by pulmonary hem orrhage. This rupture may be noted within 10 minutes after peritoneal injection. In qulokly fatal cases the heart was found greatly dilated, without material changes in the microscopic structure. In animals surviving the effects of the primary action of ethyl silicate, a definite acute nephritis may be demonstrated: hemolysis, hematuria and necroses of the tubular epithelium were also found. "Although ethyl silicate possesses no proved physiologic properties of a type characteristic of the slow action of silica in producing silicosis, this organic substance, through animal experiments, displays a high degree of toxicity, acute in nature, and possibly related to the slow cction of silica." 55 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON WORKERS WITH CAP.30N DISULFIDE. J.A.N.A. (Queries and minor notes) 109, 1472 (Oct. 30, 1937). ' An inquiry was made regarding intolerance to alcohol among all workers in a chem ical plant making rubber accelerators, where there is exposure to carbon disul fide. Even after a glass of beer, the men have rapid pulses, flushing of the face and hands, and fall in blood pressure. No other results of the exposure are noted. Skin tests and feeding experiments on mice were negative. The reply refers to the literature on carbon disulfide poisoning and suggests that "the alcohol may be regarded as a provocative agent demonstrating the actuality of carbon disulfide poisoning, minor in degree but possibly constituting much more of a threat in the well exposed workers than is implied in the query." 56 I,E:'ORANDUM 01 PRECAUTIONS IN THE HANDLING, STORAGE AND USE OF LIQUID CHLORINE. Factory Department, Home Office, Form 1868, H.K.Stationery Office, London (April 1937), Obtainable from British Library of Information, 270 Uadlson Ave. New York. This memorandum describes precautions to be used in handling cylinders of liquid chlorine end first aid treatment for cases of gassing. Liquid chlorine should be handled only by experienced persons. Cylinders and drums should be stored where 03117804 HM8B-0007890 0 0 -<C = Reference* to Reoent Literature - 14 they are proteoted from heat and danger of explosion, tut where they are access ible in oase of fire. Damage to valve6, pipes and oouplinge should be avoided. Hhen leakage oocurs' the point of leakage should be turned upward to avoid leak age of liquid* Mechanical devices for handling cylinders are given. Suitable respirators and oxygen breathing apparatus should be at hand. First-aid measures inolude stimulating expectorant mixture, hot poultices, venesection, tincture of o^ium, and pituitary extract, each to be used as the symptoms indicate. 67 STUDIES RELATING TO TOXICITY OF FLUORINE COMPOUNDS. C.A.Kempf, D.A.Greenwood and V.2.Nelson. J. Lab. 4 Clin. Med. 22, 1133-7 (August 1937). sodiun The authors found no effeot from oral administration to dogs of/fluoride in quan tities up to 4*52 mg. of fluorine per kg. of body weight* Alphm-fluoronaphthalene produoed mottled enamel of the teeth, but several other organo-fluorine com pounds did not* The removal of fluorine from water by the use of aluminum sul fate is discussed. 58 INSTRUMENTAL 1TH0DS OF AIR ANALYSIS DEVELOPED FOR INDUSTRY. Samuel Moskowiti, Ri. D*, Division of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y.State Department of Labor, 00 Centre St*, New York. Ind.Bull. 1_6, 502 (November 1937), Reprints obtainable at that address. Several instruments for air examination, developed during the last few years, are desoribed. Ihey include a portable carbon monoxide indicator, a combustible gas indicator and a interferometer for comparing the refractive indices of two spec imens of gas or liquid. Small, inexpensive devices for the estimation of other impurities in air are also available. They include hydrogen sulfide indicator, and one for oarbon monoxide, smaller but less sensitive than the one first de scribed. 59 MOTI GASES AND THEIR EFFECTS. J.AK.A. (Queries and minor notes) 109, 975 (September 18, 1937), Oases ooouring in mines are divided into natural ones and those caused by dyna miting and fires. Their effects are disoussed briefly. 60 COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN AIR. K.A.Smirnov. Zavodskayu Lab. (Russian) 6, 240 (1937), A method involving the use of sodium nitroprusside and arsenious sulfide is de scribed. (An abstract in Chem. Abs. and in J. Ind. Hyg. gives details which may be sufficient for practical use.) 61 FATaL POISONING E? WELDING WITH ACETYLENE (PISSOUS GAS) Mawieh. Arboitsschutz 10, 239-42 (1937). (German). 5ne death and one case of illness occurred in workers who had been welding in a boiler. Technical experts blamed carbon monoxide, but the medical authority pronounced the death due to a lung irritating gas. Cases from the literature are cited, with decisions and discussion of other possibilities, especially that of a combined poisoning. 62 TALLI ZING. Ztschr. f. Gewerbchyg. u. Ur.fall, 44, 141-2 (1937). (German). a worker using acetylene in a zinc metallizing tank became very ill, with signs of liver injury and changes in the electrocardiogram. The gas was found to con tain 0,17 mg. phosphine end 0.25 mg. hydrogen sulfide per liter. The liver eha-ges are evidently caused by the phosphine. 03117805 HifBB-0007891 References to R,cor.t Litt.rc.turc - 15 --S'- 63 ACUTE CARBON MONOXIDE ASPHYXIA. F.F.Davis. Virginia lied. Month. 64, 337-9 (Septonber 1937), There ere 50,000 cases of asphyxia annually, and half of them are estimated to be caused by oarbon monoxide. The author feels that such cases should be treated by a physician and not left to safety squads of gas and electric companies. The recommonded treatment consists of artificial respiration and administration of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Injections and blood transfusions are prob ably useless. The value of methylene blue is questionable. Psychic disturbances sometimes result from carbon monoxide poisoning, but they are believed to be sel dom permanent. 64 VALUE OF IBTHTtEKE BLUE IK THE THERAPY OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROCYANIC ACID POISONING. Ztschr. f. Gewerbehyg, u. Unfall, 44_, 102-8 (1937). A Teviow of the literature leads the author to doubt that methylene blue is cr, antidote for oarbon monoxide poisoning; however, it has a favorable -affeot in cases of poisoning by hydrocyanic acid and cyanic compounds, 65 CYANIDE POISONING. Alfred P, Ingegno and Saverio Franco. Ind. Med. 6, 573-6 (November 1937). "" Two oases of cyanide poisoning are reported and described, one from inhalation of hydrocyanic acid, the other following the- ingestion of potassium cyanide. In both cases, intravenous injection of sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate after preliminary injection of coramine and caffein in one case and ammonia and eaffein in the other, led to complete recovery. This method has been found successful in animal experiments. Occupational sources of cyanide poisoning, mode of action of cyanides, symptoms, identification of cyanide, details of treatment and refer ences arc. included. 66 TOXIC EFTECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE. Ralph i. Waters. New Orleans Med. k Surg. J., October 1937; Ind. Med. 6_, 676-81 (Dec. 1937). . Carbon dioxide is not normally regarded as a poison, but a fow persons are hyper sensitive to it, and two cases arc described as typical, in which carbon dioxide = toxemia occurred in hospitals. In one case a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxy gen was being administered; in the other the presence of carbon dioxide resulted frcm failure of absorption apparatus during an operation. 67 POISONING BY OXIDES OF NITROGEN. AN INVESTIGATION OF CASES AT THE RJUKAN SALT PETRE FACTORIES. O.J.Broch. Norsk. Mag. f. Laegevidenskapen (Norwegian) 98_, 370-97 (1937). The gases studied wore mainly nitric oxide and its oxidation product, nitrogen peroxide. Cases of p:isor.ing occur only ir. the "solution department", where a small number of workers conduct the operation. They are highly paid, and their desire to continue at the high vrage increases the possibility of ill effects. There were 19 workers examined, mostly with long experience, and 10 had been seriously gassed at least once. Permanent symptoms included dizziness, headache, vomiting, shortness of breath, decrease of endurance, and bad teeth; blood-stained expectoration occurred at intervals- Individual susceptibility differs % corpulent and heavily built workers suffering most. The author believes that masks would be little used if they were provided, on account of their weight, but is sure that available preventive measures would make cases of gassing very rare. 63 EFFECT OF AMMONL. ON NAN, AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES. H. Mueschonborn. Ztschr. f. Gewerbehyg. u. Ur.fall. 44, 122-5 (1937). (German). The effects of ammonia are discussed, with reports of 2 accidents. The wearing of gas rtsks with a special filter is recommended in repair work where ammonia is likely to escape. 03117806 HUB6-B0H7892 References te Recent Literature - 16 69 DETERL'IN-.TION OF IAD. D.M.Hubbard. J. Ind. Er.g. Chen. Ar.nl. Ed. 9. 493-5 (1937). The paper describes a photometric "mixed color" dithizone method for the dctermin'tion of lead in certain biological materials. Three extractions are made, the first for the removal of extraneous salts, the second for the elimination of bis muth ar.d the third for the final estimation of the lead, which is present in a state of high purity. Other metals usually found in biological material do not affect the results. The method is rapid, permitting complete analysis ir. a single day. 7C DETERjClKAIIO" OF LEAD IN BIOLOGICAL IA.TERL.L. J. ChoL&k. D.l .Hubbard, R.R.McNary -r^ and R.7.Story. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 438-90 (1937). The spoctrographio, dithizone and chemical separatory (carbezide) methods for es timation of lead in biological materials were compered experimentally. The spec- trographic and dithizone methods were found equally goad where the quantity of lead exceeds 1 r.icrogrnn, but the spectrographic method was found superior for smaller quantities. The chemical method is chiefly useful for large samples, in which a loss of approximately 0.07 mg., inherent in the method, is insignificant in either a chemical or physiological sense. 0 71 DITHIZONE, AN EXCELLENT REAGENT FOR LEAD. C.F.Miller. Chemist Analyst 26, 66 (1937). The preparation of tho dithizone reagent from phenylhydrazine is described, as is also the method of conducting the test for lead by means of a O.OljJ solution of the reagent in carbon tetrachloride. 72 METHODS OF PROTECTION IN TEE MAKING OF BEARINGS OF BRONZE-LEAD ALLOY IN THE PRINCE HOHENZOLLERN FACTORY, LAUCHERTHAL. Glaser. Zntrlbl. f. Gwwerbehyg. u. Unfall. 24, 24 (1937). (German). The paper describes the methods of protection from lead fumes in a factory pro ducing an alloy of copper and lead for bearings. Strong exhaust ventilation is provided over the furnaces and places Where the alloy is poured out for casting, and those locations can be shut off from other rooms. The exposed men wear colloid masks, which are very efficient when proper attention is giver, them. Each mask is tested after putting cn, by exposure to irritating gases; the re sistance to respiration is regularly measured, and particular attention is paid to the outlet valve. Individual supervision and instruction of the workers fora a part of the program. 73 BRASS POISONING. J.A.M.... (Queries and minor notes) 109, 972 (Sept. 18, 1937), "Brass poisoning" is an anomalous term, because any chronic disease arising in brass manufacture is probably either lead or arsenic poisoning. Copper is com paratively harmless, but zinc may cause metal fume fever at the temperature at which it is generally mixed with copper. Proper protection involves ventilation and use of respirators. Exposure to zinc sulfate may give rise to a different ar.d serious type of industrial poisoning. 74 TREATMENT OF ACUTE POISONING FROM JERCURY SALTS BY :X1NS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (STRZYZGWSKI ANTIDOTE). L. llischnud. Schweiz, med. Wchschr. 67, 818-20 (1937) (German,) A case ;f sublimate poisoning was successfully treated by the use of this reagent. A severe nephritis which followed was quickly cured by the accompanying treat ment of ingestion of alkalies, intravenous glucose ingestion and diathermy. 03117807 References tc Recent Literature - IS HiiBS-0007893 ?9 'itNGANESE. Industrie! Data Sheet D. Chen. 26. National Safety Council, Nat. Safety News 36, 60. (Dec. 1937). Supplied to members of the National Safety Council at 5 cents, fror. its headquarters. The hazards, symptoms, treatment "nd prevention of manganese poisoning are dis cussed briefly. The hazard arises from inhalation or swallowing of the dust. Manganese has its largest use as an alloy for steel and nickel, but is used also' in dry battc-ry manufacture, in coloring glass, enamels and cements, in the pro duction of aniline dyes, and as a drier for varnishes and oils. Acute cases of manganese poisoning have never been reported, and all cases of chronic poisoning have been contracted through inhalation of dust or fumes containing oxides of man ganese. Symptoms develop after 3 months and vary with the individual. They in clude languor, sleepiness, stolid appearance of the face,a low monotonous voice, muscular twitching, and cramps. There is no degeneration of tissue as in lead poisoning. The metal usually attacks a non-vitol portion of the nerves and muscle: but leaves the victim well otherwise. The best treatment in oarly stages is trans fer to dust-free atmosphere} little can be done ir. advanced oases. Preventive measures include cleanliness, change of clothing, not eating in workrooms, regular examinations, and the use of respirators where the dust cannot be removed suffi ciently. 60 TOXICITY OF SELENIUM. IV. EFI-ECIS OF EXPOSURE TO HYDROGEN SELENITE. H.C.Dudley 0 and J.W.Hiller. U.S.Pub. Health Repts. 52_, 1217-30. (Sept. 3, 1937) Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., for 5 cents, cash. Guinea pigs were exposed to hydrogen selenide in concentrations ranging from 0.57t 0.002 mg. per liter of air for single exposures of 10, 30 and 60 minutes. Ten minutes' exposure to the highest quantity was fatal to all animals in 5 days, and 40 minutes' exposure to the lowest was fatal in 25 days. The pathologic changes were fundamentally an early fatty metamorphosis of the liver and a later hyper trophy of the spleen. The apparatus is described in detail. 81 TOXICITY AND PATHOLOGY OF SELENITE.:. K.I.Smith, E.F.Stohlman and R.D.Lillie. J. Rians. Exp. Therap, 60, 449-71 (August 1937). Oic acute and chronic effects of selenium poisoning was studied in animal exper iments. About 50% of rats die when exposed to 3 mg. per kg. body weight, wh:ther selenite or sclenate is administered. Corresponding results were obtained with rabbits. However, the selenite is the more toxic when injected intravenously in rabbits. 2- x/*82 ELI!TIN..riON OF SELENIUM ..ND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE TISSUES. H.I.Smith, B.B. Westfall and E.F.Stohlman. U.S.Pub. Health Repts, 52, 1171-7 (August 27, 1937). Obtainable from Supt. cf Documents, Washington, D.C., fnr 5 rents , cash. Scdiur. selenite fed to cats was excreted in the urine' to the extent of 50 to 80%, ur.d up to 18.t in the feces. The selenium is also widely distributed in the tis sues, mostly in the liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, heart and lungs. S3 DESIGN OF PAINT SPRAYING -.ND SANDBLASTING NOZZLES. Frcudenthal. Zntrlbl. f. Gewerfcchyg. u. Unfall. 24, 03-6 (1937) (German). Nn-- The author shows how dust prevention can be secured by proper arrangement of the spraying nozzle, including widening, flattening, beveling and admission of air. The design is illustrated. 54 REPORT ON THE ACTIVITY CF THE TECHNICAL INSJtCTK OFFICE ITT 1936. Chemical In Dustry Association. Chem. Ir.d. (German) 60, supr.lonent issued with *ug. 14 number, 1-56 (1937). *" This is an extern:, ve report or. many cases cf accidents and several industrial1'dis eases, Among the latter were 2 fatal cases of dinitrocrosol poisoning, 2 cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning, several of carbon monoxide poisoning and 2 fatal cases of Weil's disease in workers who took care of rats in a biochemistry lab oratory, * 03117808 -7 J ,n 53 References tc Rocer.t Literature - 19 85 ELECTRIC ARC WELDING. J.A.i:.,,. (Queries end minor .notes) 109, 975 (Sept. 18, 1937). Two hundred feot from a welding piece is considered os a safe distance for specta tors and other workers not wearing goggles. 86 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES .JJD INJURIES OF THE EYES AND WORKMEN'S COi.3fENS.iTION. If. Gardner. Med. J. Australia 2 732-3 (October 23, 1937). The author discusses the 666 cases of occupational diseases md injury of the eyes, which he has observed in 5 years (in Australia). There were 324 cases of corneal lesions, including 230 caused by foreign bodies, and many frer. burns. A rough method for estimating percentage loss of vision is presented* In the discussion a simple tabic of suggested percentage incapacity ratings for different visual acuities of the affected eye is listed, in place of the present (Australian) sys tem of compensation of eye injuries. 87 S..LT TABLETS FOR HEAT - FOSSIBIE OVERDOSE. J.,..H.A. (Queries and minor notes) 109, 972 (Sept. 18, 1937). The question is raised as to whether there is danger of overdosage of salt tablets in cases of arteriosclerosis or nephritis with potential edema. The reply is that the use of 5 to 10 tablets daily does not exceed the replacement basis in hot in dustries cr during hot weather, and should cause no ill effects. 88 LOSS OF MINERALS THROUGH THE SKIN OF NORMAL HUMANS WEEN SWEATING IS AVO ICED. R.H. Frc-ybcrg and R.L.GRant. J. Clin. Invest. 16_, 729-31 (Sept. 1937). The loss of certain inorganic elements through the skin of two healthy men was in vestigated, with precautions to prevent sweating. No calcium or phosphorus was found. The 24' hour eliminations of sodium, calcium, chloride and sulfate sulfur were found to be large enough to be of importance in the accurate determination of the exchange of those elements as commonly done in mineral "balance" studies, and corrections should be made in those studies for losses through the skin. 69 AFTER-CARE .JTD RE-EMH.OYTENT OF THE TUBERCULOUS PATIENT. E.t.Sandiland. J. Roy. Inst. Pub. Health and Hyg. 1, 46-56 (Oct., 1937). Attompts to find cnployner.t~for non disabled by tuberculosis in Groat Britain have teen made ir. three directions: (l) the establishment of workshops in the outside world under After-Care Committees or Local Authorities! (2) employment of ex patients on the staffs of sanatoria, and (3) the establishment of village settle ments, with industries attached. The first plan has not been very successful, mainly on account of lack of financial help. The author concludes that settle ments constitute one of the most economical methods of dealing with certain types of the tuberculous population. 90 INDUSTRLiL C.iNCER WITH SIECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PREVENTION .,ND ACCIDENT LEGISLA TION. 0. Teuschlaendcr. Med. Welt (German) 11_, 1267-72 (1937). The paper is a critical review and general discussion of industrial cancer, in cluding the industries concerned, tho active agents and the localisations ob served, In most ensos it is impossible to render the injury harmless or neutral ize its carcinogenicity; all th: t remains is to diminish the exposure. Cleanli ness, medical supervision and change of work are suggested; compensation problems arc discussed. 91 SHIN IRRITATION AND CI^CER IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY. S. Pcllor and C.S.Stephen son. An. J. Med. Sci. 194, 326 (Sept. 1937). The prolonged exposure to the sun's rays, open air and salt water, to which Navymen are subjected, is associated with a frequency of cancer of the lip and skin 8 times the normal and a greatly diminished morbidity and mortality from all other cancers. In about four-tenths cf the men who would be expected to die from an inner malignant manifestation there developed instead a curable tumor of the lip and skin. The mortality from cancer of the skin and lip is about 3 03117809 , HWBB-0007894 J^faj)v/C(j3:ii,tiii|!otfj);i,U ^ : j ) HtfBfi-000789*> References to Recent Literature - 20 times higher in the Navy than in the average population of the same age group. Apparently a tumor in the inner organs develops later in only a small part of the patients in whom cancer of the lip and skin has been ourod. This problem must be studied on a large scale, as this situation suggests a possible preventive treat ment* Statistics of incidence cf the forms of candor considered are included* 92 CHEMOTHERAPY OF BLADDER CARCINOMAS IfITS AMINO BODIES. Hens chon. ^rch. f. klin. Chlr# 139, 19-20 (1937). (German). Bladder cancer has been produced in rabbits by the inhalation of naphthylamine vapor. Experiments by Schaer on resorption and excretion by the bladder in an aniline worker showed that there are several ways in which naphthylftmine can come in contact with bladder tissue, from the general circulation and through the bladder vessels. Preconcerous and warning stages are local hyperemias, ystitis cystica, and subepithelial hemorrhages^ The possibility of anticancerous action of seme r.rom-tio amido compounds, administered orally, is being studied. 93 TURPENTINE ECZEMA IN SWEDISH PAINTERS. AN OCCUPATIONAL DISEaSE INVESTIGATION. G- Rundborg. Hygiea (Swedish) 99_, 209-49 (1937). a paper on the chemical aspects of this subject was abstracted in our last bulle tin (Abst. no. 690). This paper decls with results of occupational ejq>osure. The author conductod inquiries among 450 painters in Stockholm and carried out skim sensitisation tests with French turpentine, Swedish sulfate turpentine, Swedish charcoal turpentine and a petroleum derivative sold as dilutin. It was found that 110 of the painters suffered from eczema, and 5S others showed changes that may in sono cases be pr elimir.ary symptoms of ec2>w. Various general symp toms were found in many cases. Both the clinical examine cic-".e "nd '.'he skin tests suggested that the Swedish preparations were more to blame ui.'.n the French. The producers of Swedish turpentine have undertaken tc revise thoir chemical process es so as to eliminate or reduce the impurities. 94 EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLE FRCTEC',,tve AGENTS AGaINST ECZE:A. I. LUPOCID AND BOROLAN. E, Finkenrath* Zntrlbl. f. Geworbehyg. u. Unfall. (G-..rr/.r.; 24_, 205-8 (1937). Lupocid salve and borolan (apparently proprietary ren^ii c taut are ~n the German market at least) were found to fall short of the claim r.sc.o by their makers. The former has an irritating effect on the skin and the latter does not prevent an occurrence of eczema. 95 LEaF OF ALOE VERa IN TREATMENT OF ROENTGEN RAY ULCERS. REPORT OF TWO ADDITIONAL CASES. ...B.Lovcmnn. Arch. Dermatol. 4 Syphil. 36, 836-43 (Oct. 1937). The author reports success in the treatment of roentgen ray ulcers with leaves of aloe vera, but only after a long period, definite signs of improvement appearing after 5 weeks. He attributes the slow healing to the fact that only contain parts cf the ulcer are capable of regenerating the epithelium. The whole leaf was fourd tc be much more efficaceous than the ointment. 96 DERMATITIS ACT II 1CA DUE TC ROENTGEN RAY TREATED WITH THE LEAF OF ALOE VERA. H. Fox. Arch. Dermatol. 4 Syphil. (Society transactions) 36, 891-2 (Oct. 1937). The author ar.d several others obtained no success v.lth the aloe vera treatme-nt. In the author's case it ".'as discontinued after weeks on account of the pein. In view cf the results in the preceding abstract, it is possible that the treat ment was not continued long enough. 03117810 KiiBB-0007896 x-v CTs St .0 References to Recent Literature - 21 9? PROTECTION OF THE SKIN AGAINST LIIE. G. C. Pether. Brit. Med. J. , 792-3 (October 9, 1937). ~ Exposure to burnt line injures the skin end eyes. Respirators for the noso and goggles for the eyes are worn by workers in line kilns, but the question of skin protection remains. Some men, but not all, acquire a tolerance to the dust. The skin becomes dry and hardened, and severe ulcers nay follow. Washing gives no protection, but talc dust shaken over the skin, lessens sweating and forms a protective filn. It is also cf value as a dressing for ulcers. Strips of lint worn under the collar protect the skin of the neck from abrasion. W received the following information or. reprints too late to insert it in the headings: .No. 8 (DUST HAZARD IN FOUNDRYIEN) is obtainable from the author. Dr. Leslie K. Osmond, St. Francis Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pc.. ABSTRACT #63 was ommitted in its regular turn, and is given below: 53 TOXICITY OF MATERIALS USED IN LINING BEER CANS. J.A.M.A. (Queries and minor notes) 109, 891 (Sept. 11, 1937). The toxicity of chemicals used in lining beer cans is discussed, in reply to the report of a case of secondary anemia in a nan engaged in thac work. The solvents are methyl-ethyl-ketone, known as nMEK" and LAC X21B, probably a vinyloid syn thetic resin. References are given, and no defiuico nor.elusion is stated, ex cept that the substances mentioned are not generally considered very toxic. < 03117811 HWB8-0007897 References tc Recent Literature - 17 75 A STUDY OF CHRONIC '.'ERCURIALISK IN THE HATTERS'' FUR CUTTING INDUSTRY. P.a.Neal, R.R.Jones, J,J.Bloor.field, J.M.DallaVolle and T.I.Edwards. U.S.Pub, Health Bull, no. 234 (?&y, 1937). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C. 15 cents* cash. A survey was rftde of all fur cutting factories operating between February and May 1935, 36 in number, including physical examinations of 529 men and women, constitut ing 26.4?S of the fur cutters in the United States. The plants ere larger than in n the average industry but the provision of medical care is more limited. Estima tions of mercury vapor in the air and dust counts in 5 factories showed frem a trace to 1.04 mg. mercury as vapor and dust per cubio meter of air. The workers most exposed are shippers, followed by pilers, blowers, cutters and sorters. /T^ Carrotters who apply the mercuric nitrate to the pelts are not exposed to mercury vapors. The amount of dust is not high enough to be injurious. Forty-three of the workers were found to be suffering from chronic merculialism, but there mr-y have been subclir.ical cases not included. Psychotic end neurotic symptoms and those of digestive disturbance increase with increasing quantities of mercury in the air. Psychic disturbances and fine intention tremor present in 34 out of 43 cutters, are much higher in incidence than in other industries in -My vestigated by the Public Health Service. The picture of chronic ncreurialism corresponds to the classical one in all im Jo* portant respects. Slight salivation was found in only 10, all of whom had worlnd in high concentrations {0,25 mg. per ou. m.) of air. The incidence of other dis eases is not high. Practical sugge-stions include the use of local exhausts and segregation of occupations not involving exposure to mercury* 76 DETECTION OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF lERCURY II' AIR. K. Grosskopf. Drcegcrhcft. No. 19, 3689-91 (1937). (Gernm). A sampling tube for mercury has been developed by the Dracgcr firm in connection with its apparatus for determining traces of gas. Gold chloride is fixed on pure silica gel, which is then dried in vaipuo at high temperatures, activated and put into the test tube. On drawing air through the tube after preliminary washing, a sharply defined ring of colloidal gold "with definite color variations is seer, in the tube. With increasing amounts of mercury..the color of the ring deepens, then the zone of reduction widens, and an approximate quantitative estimation may be made with the aid of comparison tubes, A concentration of 0.001 mg. per liter of air may be detected. ~ f-j AtT TEE TOXICITY OF ORALLY INGESTED ARSENIC, SELENIUM, TELLURIUM, 'VANADIUM AMD MOLYRD2NUM. K.W.Franke and A.L. Koxon. J. Pham. Exp. Iherap. 61_, 89-102 (Sept. l?37)f" Salts of the acids of these elements were fed albino rrts at levels of 25 and 57 p.p.m. of the elements in their diets. Toxicity was determined by effect on growth, food consumption, mortality and hematopoietic system of the animals, and the results are presented in charts and tables. The relative toxicitic? in in creasing order are as follows: arsenic, molybdenum, tellurium, vanadium, cm I selenium. At the 50 p.p.m. level selenium was very toxic, tellurium ar.d vanadium moderately so, and the other two slightly toxic. Selenium was the only ore that caused a distinct disturbance of the hematopoietic system. Tellurium caused loss of hair. 78 TOXICITY OF GREEN ROUGE OR CHROME GREEN. J.A.U.A. (Queries and minor notes) 109, 813 (Sept. 4, 1937), The inquiry concerns the toxicity of the above substances which arc used ir. polish ing ar.d coloring electrical fixtures. Green rouge is chronic oxide, quite widely used as an abrasive. Its use may lead to "chrome holes," Chromic acids, its salts and chromium oxides attack unbroken skin, and r.asal perforation or inflammation may be caused by inhalation of the dust of the oxide. 03117812 HWBB-00H7898 References tc Recent Literature - II usually increased* The number of granulocytes was usually found below normal. '5\ An industrial disease is undoubtedly present when the neutrophylic granulocytic ) count is below 2000 and the total leucocytic count is below 4000, ever, with fair general condition* However, there is great variation in the ratio of blood' find ings and symptoms; if the s^iptor.s arc severe with no marked blood changes, in dustrial disease must be considered present. In plants where benzine is used instead of benzene and xylene, the -.workers' health was much better than ir. the others, and the use of benzine should be encouraged. Ventilation and local ex haust systems should be provided. *(and slight subjective symptoms). -'^ S' rv :>: 43 ^HSTENE AS A NOXIOUS GAS. G.R.Cameron and A.Neuberger. J. Fbth. Bact. 45, 653-60 -- - \f (November 1937). / i\ The toxicity of ketene has been suspected, but not previously fully investigated. ^ *' In concentrations of less than 100 parts per million, ketene was proved fatal to mice. It rosombles phosgene in its mode of action, which is mainly in tho al veolar and capillary tissues. Gas masks with canisters containing soda lime give efficient protection. 44 EXPOSURE TO TRICHLORETHYLENE,. Ind. Bull. 16, 437-8 (I'ov. 1937). Obtainable from Division of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y. State-Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre 3t., Not/ York, N.Y. The Division of Industrial Hygiene is undertaking an extensive investigation of possible toxic effects of exposure to triehlorethylene, and this paper is a pre liminary review of the present status of the subject. The work of von Oettingen (our abstract no. 563) and the earlier vrork of Stubcr are reviewed briefly. An assiduous search, of American literature has failed to reveal a single case of in dustrial poisoning due to trichlorethylar.e; whether this Is due to unreported cases or to actual absence of cases, wc do not know. It Is suggested that the discrepancy between this lack of cases and the number reported in Europe is due to the greater stability of the American product, which point is being investi gated. Throe eases of workers under exposure to triehlorethylene are being studied. A list of their symptoms is presented* but the symptoms do not as yet offer a definite conclusion as to whether they are the result of exposure. A full report of these cases end other findings will appear when the investigations are completed. Classification of irichlohethylens. K. Triiiat. Ann. d. Hyg, pub. 15, 434-41 1937). (French). . ,c author states that the belief that triehlorethylene is dangerous is unground ed so far as the present product is concerned. .No ease of acute poisoning has appeared since 1930, and earlier eases were due to the impure product. Quoting tor. the Cor.seil d' Hygiene, he says: "The-listing of triehlorethylene with azardous substances thus is unjustified." (The abstractor objects to this con clusion on the ground that the chronic effect is disregarded and that there are many recent reported cases of acute poisoning, a fair estimate of the toxicity cf triehlorethylene car. be obtained from the preceding abstract, also no. 652 in December Bulletin or.d the original paper of no. 563, in the November Bulletin.) ^K46 fHE^LTH EAZaRDS' IK THE USE OF CaRBON TETRACHLORIDE. G.'.V.Daubenspeck. 111. Med. J. \ 72, 274-5 (Sept. 1937). t "?he industrial uses of carter, tetrachloride are listed and symptoms of acute -- poisoning are giver.. For constant exposure, 100 parts per million is considered the maximum, safe concentration. Its decomposition products (phosgene, and hy drogen chloride c-sps cially) are very toxic ar.d contact with an open flame in a closed room should be avoided. Carbon tetrachloride should be handled only in ff, closed systems or under forced draft, and special precautions must be taken when other substances like chlorinated waxes, alcohol, etc,, are also used. 03117813 HM6B-0007899 References to decent Literature - 12 47 TOXICITY OF BALOTAX AND CHLORINATED KAPTHALENES. J.A.M.A. (Queries end minor notes) 109, 1386 (Oct. 23, 1937). The inquirer reports that ell workers'exposed to halowax in a plant have developed an acne, in spite of protective measures. The face and arms, are chiefly attackedThe reply refers to Special Bulletin No. 43 of the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry (obtainable on application to that Department), but deals es pecially with the systemic effects. 48 GLYCERIN, ETHYLENE GLYCOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND DIETHYLENE GLYCOL. H.G.O.Hoick J.A.109, 1517-20 (Nov. 6, 1937). On account of the substitution of diethylene glycol for glycerin as a hygroscopic agent, the toxicity of the 2 substances was studied in feeding experiments on rats. High concentrations of glycerin appear harmless, but Sjt of diethylene glycol was found distinctly injurious, judgiag by mortality, stunted growth and impaired reproductive capacity. When administered in water it was even more toxic 0.25?? in water seemed to hinder growth. 49 RENAL LESIONS DUE TO DIETHYLENE GLYCOL. H.D.Kesten, U.G.Mulinos and L Pomerants J.A.l'.A. 109, 1509-11 (Nov. 6, 1937). a Diethylene glycol administered orally to rats and intravenously to rabbits caused extensive injury to the epithelium of the renal convoluted tubules, leading to urinary obstruction and uremia. The liver and adrenals were less regularly in volved. Three per sent dlethylenc glycol in the drinking water killed about half of the rats in 2 months Other details are given. 50 Propylene glycol: rate of metabolism, absorption and excretion, with method for v! I Lie-ffl ESTIMATION IN BODY JLUIDS. A.J.Lehman and E.W.Newman. J. Pharmaool. 4 Exp. Therap. 60, 312-22 (July 1937). An experimental study of the effects of injected and ingested propylene glycol on animals showed that in intravenous injection, the acute toxicity was less than half that of ethyl alcohol, and the narcotic action about one-third as groat. ^ estimated in body fluids by oxidation with sodium neriodate after precipltation of glucose by barium hydroxide in alcoholic solution. 51 THE GLYCOLS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. L.J.Goldwater, Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y.State Dept, of Labor, 80 Center St., New York. Ind. Bull. 16, 308-9 (Aug. 1937). Reprints obtainable at above address. The Division of Industrial Hygiene is making a study of some of the glycols and their derivatives, which are becoming more widely used in industry. In a brief review of the literature, the author states that no cases of industrial poison ing from ethylene glycol have been reported, but urges reasonable precaution in handling glycol until further observations have freed the substance from any sus picion of toxicity under industrial conditions. 52 TEE GLYCOLS AND TKEIR DERIVATIVES. II and III. Leonard J. Goldwater. Ind. Bull. 16, 438-9 (Nov, 1937) and 504-5 (Dec. 1937). Reprints obtainable as per pre coding abstract. The review of the literature or. glycols -na derivatives is extended to consider ation of prop^laeie glycol, diethlynne glycol, triethlyene glycol, "cellosolve" and ether ethers, and glycol esters. Industrial poisoning due to propylene gly col has net as yet beer, reported. The animal experiments that have been made (including abstract 50) indicate a relatively low toxiolty, but the results so far obtained canr.ct bo interpreted ir. terms of industrial exposure. Diethylene glycol has been giver, publicity as a result of fatalities resulting from its use as a solvent, and such an occurrence should warn all who contemplate using newly developed substances for any purpose whatsoever. Nearly all of the pharmocolog- 03117814