Document 6BZgEE6QKdxBpJBy6VyagB3wm

Accident Prevention Manual FOR INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS 1955 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL CHICAGO U. S. A. rrni LTR.'.r.v /Zrzs: ZO.-Llii, UO. A<<? /v7/ :ing material which >/ die stomach uud hemoglobin, tad However, am of inf are rare, solid compounds oi i bosky voice and the natal seprvnn, sa of hair and nails, kin antes which ad sot very maiigibiei are all severe practically never ! /mutative poison, the tissues of the utics are found in There are also eoothe hair and aaila selected about two lg ai exposure and* -Ha and sometimes e It terminated, r to a considerseya and" can be thin a fear hours of re and for a long ait a 0.3 rng/m' ia accumulation ot a muc in the body. (2, 5-dIthao-prhpe. aa an amidote for Ir ia' effective in g front otherwise ease compounds in luncat of asiaiing uu industrial poit likely to be the sine, produced setsbaa been generated rial which contain* rn reported in the tea, in the handling ht metals plane -- a which have held adds, in the dra^ cootaminated with ltioo of cadmiu* in other drew*- the ted ceils. After signs are thtwe some time the damaged red irk or biooJv INDUSTRIAL POISONS 40.7 urine. The kidneys may then become too dogged to operate at ail: The possibility of arsioc formation should always be considered when there is hydro gen formation around the active metals or around ores of the heavy metals, since ar senic is sviddy distributed in small amounts and only a trace of it is required to pro duce enough arsine to be troublesome. One of the more common sources of arsine inddents in recent years has been the han dling of dross from the aluminum refining of metais.* Probably the moat significant observation about these cases, aside from the fact that the moisnare in the atmosphere is enough to form arsine, is the fact that the people involved in them have not been aware of the garlic-tike odor which is supposed to be a warning of the presence of arsine. The extremely high acute toxicity is re flected in the threshold concentration of 0.03 ppm. Arsine, in very small amounts, is also capable of producing a chronic type of poisoning, but it is more typically a source of acute episodes. Asbestos is a hydrated magnesium silicate found in the minerals chrysotile. amianthus, ictinolite sod tremolitc. Practically ail the commercial asbestos is either chrysotile or amianthus, and shout 90 per cent of that used is this country is chrysotile. It is used almost cxdusivciy for heat insulation or for textiles which must resist high temperature, such as heat-resistant dothing and brake linings. Inhalation of excessive quantities of tv bestot fiber can produce a fibrosis ia the longs similar to that found in silicosis but somewhat milder and usually not to rapidly progressive. Like silicosis, the condition de velops slowly tod advances slowly and is equally resistant to treatment. . Prevention is essentially dust control. A maximum dust cooctntratioo of 3 million particles per cubic foot has been suggested, predsefy as for pure free silio. Barium, io the form of its soluble nits, is both toxic on ingestion and inhalation and highly caustic when applied to the skin. The carbonate and sulfide are sufficiently *"Arsine. Poisoning. Epidemiologic Stud ies of an Outbreak Following Exposure to Gases from Metallic Dross." Louis W. Spotyr, R. N. Harger, Archives of Induttriel Hygiene red Occupational Medicine, S : 419-- <Jd (1930). soluble to be toxic, although aot very caus tic The sulfite, which is used as a contrast medium in X-ray work, is too insoluble to show any toxicity, sod soluble suilites are specific antidotes for ingested barium salts. Since these salts produce violent stimula tion of all muscle, upoa ingestion they pro duce severe disturbances of the digestive system. After absorption, the barium salts produce an increase of biood pressure by constriction of the arterial muscle, a slow heart beat by an action similar to that of digitalis on the heart, and first excitation and then paralysis of the central nervous sys tem. In spite of the high inherent toxicity, there are few macs of iodustrial poisooing with barium. - Barium is a heavy meat, sod the dust of the insoluble salts w-ill collect in the lungs sod give rise to the condition known as baritosis. Its nodular appmrance on X-ray film may be mistaken for that of silicosis. Men showing the sign of baritosis are ap parently not disabled or inconvenienced in any way. Bentene is s colorless, flammable, volatile liquid with a rather pleasant aromatic odor. Its fire hazard is between that of ethyl sico- hoi snd that of ether. Tie greeter/ hazard il that of chronic potsoning by Inhalation of comparatively email amounts over * long pa rted of time. U is ont of tbt ture or tbrtt matt dangerous organic solvents in com mercial use. ' The action is primarily on the blood forming organs, producing severe anemia, bleeding under the skin, and great reduc tion in the ability of the biood to clot. The extent of chroaic exposure to benzene may be determined qualitatively by measure ment of the ratio of organic to inorganic sulfates in (he urine. The most convenient measurement of damage is given by a blood count. People who may be exposed to benzene vapor should have blood counts at regular intervals. Consistent change in the blood couot should be closely investigated. Par ticularly significant changes are diminution in the toul numbers of red cells, platelets, or white cells. Headaches, ditxinrss, fatigue, loss of ap petite, irritability, ocrvoutoest, nosebleed, and other signs of abnormalities of the blood may or may not be present in chrome poisoning. .