Document 6BQMM3vZ2XVbygQJYjzy9x563

(L&S&ad/sl*7 1^V>;.!W} \\ ; t U/B ABBKTOSP BKSMECH COPBCH T1HJTH iOTUAL BEPCBf Kg THE TBH.TB MDWM BBcnorwia ocTOBn. itta nmtoppcnow * The Aabastosis Birnrch Counail iu establlahsd on tha 1st Ootobar 1957* This report dotal3 the aotlritiae sponsored by tha Council during tha twelfth year of it*' operation. COHSTITOTIOH Zba Constitution`waa rovlaad la August 1965 to axtsad tha flald of activities to asbaataa operations other than textile and to provids for tha adal talon of Aaaoeiato Ueabars aa vail aa full Unbars and again In Uoroabar 19ft to oarer tha aotiritisa of tba Aarlrocueatal Control Coaaittee. ` 3. She Kaabarahlp of tha Council during tha year folleost- .. Tull Uaabara - . x BBA Croup United, the Capo Asbestos Coapaxy furnar A Vooall Maitad. Boas Aaaoeiato Maabara tha Atlas Stona Conpsiy Haltod. Ball's Asbestos andTfnginoortng United. T.B. Berd United. Biehard Dinger United. Osarasas Assooiato Unbars Janos Bardie A Cqy. Bty. Eld*' Johas-tUnrille Corporation. , . the Qubboa Asbestos lining Assooistioa. the Crlfoalaad Exploration A finanoo United. a. JE3PKSJES the affairs of tha Council wore adalalatered by throe Cnlttees| tho Uanagaaant Pnnnlttoof tha Bosoarch Caanittao and tho XoTlronaantal Control Cannittaa. Tho aaabarship of those oonnittaoa during the'year vast-  Cr/oaGS-ri.t e^3 yiv '' . lev--. -3- roomci (a) Bankies irrmimi The finances of tho Counoil htn to ba adalnlstarad throv^ aooounts opmiti by tho Eoohdale Branch of-tho District look. Cb) Budget and, Expenditure Council Budget 25,600 Expenditure 1V,600 /# 6. IIAISOW B3H OTHER IHTHtBSTgD BODIES Costeet has Been neintained with the Departwsaft of Employment end Productirity (Safety, Health and Felfhro and Factory Inspectorate), and with the Ministry of Tsehnology (Varren Spring. Laboratory). The A.R.C. has ollaboreted with the Ministry of i Housing and Looal froraraaent la the production of n reooeaended Code of Practice to oorer tho and disposal of asbestos waste* Liaison has ooBtiiwed with tho Pueunooosiosis tssess Unit of the Medina! Hesearoh Connoil, Shi for a joint International Conference on "S of Asbestos" to be held in Cardiff in April 1570, harel proceeded. Tba Sub fr--lttee of tha British Ooeupatienal Hygiano Society has ooaUsned to naet to eaqplore tho possibilities of a hygisae standard for closure to onoalto asbestos dost* A one day Conference organised jointly by the T." BOBS end the A*H*C* on 18th June, 1969 In London an The Control of AObestos in the Working lurlrrwent*, was Tory well attended* A ayaten far the eiehtnge of aoiontiflo end tenbnlnel lnfomation has been established ojLth the Pneneoeonlpsis >y Beaeareh Unit of the South African Institute far Medioal . ,, Baaaareh in Johannesburg* /.* 4 Liaison has also oontlmed with tha Publio Health Serrioe and with tba Air Bygiena Connittee of the Asbeotne textile Institute. '. -''.'I C.6- face's fZ. ?ar a?"', - -A RESEARCH raQG&Aimg A summary of tha ytir'i work is given below, Tull reports appear in Appendices 2 to 6. Zt should ho tophi flsod that this* dotolled reports represent the individual views of tho researoh workers end sot necessarily the official view of tho Council. Sections from tho long term experiments involving . inhslstion of tho four osln typos of ssbostos sad of glass bows hoes examined by optical microscopy. Re* inhalation experiments on modified asbestos and on dusts other them asbestos, have been started. Collaboration with the Institut fix luf^hyglene in DSsseldorf has opntinued. Little progress has been made in the examination of human bipsy material from cases of suspected mesothelioma, due to laok of sufficient specimens, but work on the experimental production of mesotheliomas in has continued. Work on the pathogenicity of minerals other- than asbestos has continued. Electron microscope stadias on the mechanism .of asbestos body formation hare proceeded and the possible mffeets of P20if on asbestos lesions have been further e*studied. Animal experiments on the ingestion of asbestos hare sc fhr with encouraging results. Work os the breakdown' phenomena on the finding of ehcysotlla end amosits was terminated at the wad. of 3mm, 1969. work on the surfeoe properties of asbestos is being She ismunologioal study has oontinaed. Cartels eauae recognisable changes in the proteins of blood earn eaa be demonstrated by specific tests. In a group 'of exposed to asbestos. Or. Turnar-ffarwiok has demonstrated m statistically significant increase la blood protein changes in those who show- erilenee of biological ill-effects oompared with those who do net, and also' compared to the general i' population. Zt is not yet known whether positive tests for these changes follow or accompany tho dsvelopasat of pulnonaiy fibrosis, or whether they are due to an inherent oharaoterlstin of some individuals who are sere susceptible than others to the disease. Zf the latter be the case, there is hope that we may have a means of detecting tho worker who is tho more likely to suffer from the biological ill-effects of asbestos Inhalation even before such offsets are evident. 6. POST SAMPUHC AHD ANALYSIS This work has been co-ordinated by * Working Croup of the Research Coamittoe. The method of sampling by membrane filter has remained * standard la the industry and to take aooount of recent improvements in technique s revised version of Technical Rote Ro. 1 has beam published. Method* tor oatlasting tho mm of adbeate* is * dut -'&*;-vstaple have boon studied sad shot prcelses to bo * nqf oaaaitlve toohalfao using X-ray dlffiraetloa bos boos mini* York o& tho aosssaaent of asbestos dust lorsls la the ^ vicinity of fhotorios oad la urban end rural environ--ots haT. boon hold'up by daisy* in tho delivery of spoe&olisod "t11** equip--nt. Tho report on asbestos dust levels in ooapletod hulldingo incorporating asbestos produots in their construction has booh published in tho innsls of Ooeupatlenal Hygiene. THE ASBESTOS BECTLiTIOWS 1969 Tho obserrations nsde by the Council to the Oepartnont of Employment sad Productivity on tho contents of tho Statutory Drift war* tho subject of discussion early in 1969* Tho Council, along with other interested bodies,agrasd not to press for alterations to tho draft and tho logulatloas ear* finally enacted in Key 1969- They *111 ocne into operation in Hay 1970. BtmOHMPTTJtl CCHTBOL Tho study of tho laplloatiou* of the Moo Modulations and ths giving of advioo on their 1ms Imb Mm major task of ths Mavironsontsl Control Co--itteo of tho Counoil. A full report of it* eerie appears la dppondie 1 0 The Co--itteehas prepared a aster of ^Hotos for Coidaaoe" oorering different fields of activity h*n asbestos amd asbestos products are handled, to assist asbestos users In : coping with tho iogulstions. - Mono of those have siready bean asds available In a preliminary form. Vhsre appropriate, infernal diseussiono on tho Interpretation of tho Iogulstions havs bson hsld with ths factory Inspectorate. CODES OP mcna During tho year tho Council loaned its fifth Code of Praotieo - *&eeoaaaadod Code of Praotioo for tho Handling sad pisposal of Aabeatoa Wasta Materials' OTHER PUBLICATIONS A Dust Surrey earrled sot in Muildiags inoorporatiag ' asbestos-based nsterlsls in their oenstruotion* J.C. Myron, A.A. lodgson and S. Moines, Ann. Oeeup. Hyg. Vel. 12, pp. 1A1-1A5. Two further papers have been accepted for publieation, bet have not yet appeared in the*Journal concerned. R33*: ... ... , . .0 . : .. - iPPBrpn i Import on -the work of the Mnviroanental Control Co--lttfj The first nesting of the Environmental Control Coanittee see held on Vth October 1968 and. fir# forthor nestings hart boon hall. Working Croups bars been sot up ss agreed by tho Aabestosls Seamen Council. Those were - . . I AI sbestos Pactorios ZZ Asbestos Building Xotcrialn ZZZ Asbestos .Insulating Materials17 Triotion Materials T Asbestos Textiles 71 Sprayed Asbestos Working Croup Z was required to provide basis infornatloa on various aspects of enviroanoatal control onion to all faotorlee and foreed sub nmittsea to produoe advisory notes an - Bust extreetion eqnlpnent Respiratory eqnlpiut Protective elothlng and Bisposal of Provisional Metes for Cuidanoe an Waste Disposal In tine for the BGH3/ARC Conferenee In June 1969} this provided. ` basis for the Code of Practise finally published by the JSC 1b consultation -with.-the Ministry of Housing end Local Cerement. Draft notes have been prepared end will shortly be published on Xshaust Ventilation end on Proteotive lyipnent (the* letter will eover respiratory equipment end protective elothLag). Worldag Croupe XI to undertook the task of oarrylag out a preliminary survey e. the principal pro&oota, proceasea and of use of tho produoU covered by each group and then establishing as far as posslbla ths dost concentrations likely to be eneounteiod In these aituetione. The Croupe were else asked to review the draft Asbestos Segalstione in tbe light of their effect on* thair product groups end to forwulate suitable advisory doeuaents which .would take the place of the ABC Cedes of Practice. Provisional Motes for buldanoe have been produoed far four of tho flvo working groups and will shortly ho subaittsd far approval and final publieatlon to the Asbestosia Saaaaroh Counoil. Through tbe Asbestos Znforeatioo Coanittae the availability of advice ffoa the InviroBneatel Control Coanitteo bee been publicised and, as a result of this end of tbs BOHS/ARC conference, considerable see has been node of tbe services of this Csnalttee either by means -f.V-- ^--------------- e&: J>. . C. & /aa-t r/T-nsr -1 - . ,, . ,?S.>OW - - ' . . I ._ of tho provisional Iotas for Cuidanot or by poroooal sdvios ftopalttas aaobsrs. Individual asobsi km is etui oot op tbolr own advisory urriou boro booi tj tho Cooaittoo* VerUai Croup 2l (asbsstoa building attoriali) aouplstai $ . tho dust survsy oarrisd out in tho laoorporatlag oihootoo aatsrisls la tholr oonatruotion, vbieh had hooa put la hand by tho Asbastosis Bsssareh Counoll prior to tho fomatloa of tho Control Coomittss. A roport of tho survey bos rooootly hooa yp;.; publlshod la tbo Annals of Oooqpatioaal ^)|Ubo Tho osoonfl stops of tho survsy covering onesHtranona arising zroa standard oporotlaao osrrlod out on osbostos bssoA astariols Is approaching ooaplotloo^ oaA slallsr surreys sro being cndortskoa by tho other working groups* . . . .. . / Tho Cooaittoo iu oskoA to uniortsko oa lavostlgotiaa lato tho ' possibility of narking ssbostos-bssoA boards, la response to a 5 roquost ttoa tho T.U.C. rsfsrroA to tho A^*C. by tho Sopsrtaoat of SuployBont sad Productivity. This oso rsfsrroA to Vcrldaig troop IX sad o roport has aov booa suhsdttoA to tho Kanagmant Cooaittoo of . . tho A.K.C. - Informal discussions hovo taken plooo with tho Paetosy Znspootorato to provido tho opportunity ^ joist stagy aspects of control and tho requirement* of " far thosa dloeuosloao boro oororod Asst and protoetiro SA' ' r Tho laTirosaaatal Control Cooaittoo has hooa Ohio to oArl various othor latoraotoA organiaationa la tholr oonsldoratloa offaota of tho Ashooteo Isolations sad la-tho vottlag of thd advlsosy documents. provisional Kotos for Culdahno oa th of aohoatoo flhro by goaoral naoro hao hooa proporoA for tho fibre laportaro Coemittse. %A w jVAl t*part o f - Dr. P.F. Holt . the interpretation of tho results of espsrl--ts started throo yeirs-ago has oontlausd and a picture of tho offooto of four varietit# of asbestos, class fibre aad-glass powder os: ths lung is being built op. fbsa sagr of these tests is 1whaled hy s guinea-pig, ths laac usaa several aothoAs to got rid of U. ths heavier partiolss that ars dopositod la tho larger air veosele * ars removed by dlls, thoss shieh got bs~*"* ths eilists epitbaliaa aad ars dsposltsd ars found ia ths bronchlolae, a littls is doposltsl directly ia ths alveoli. ths goblet esiis of the bronchioles see activated to ssersts aueus which helps to eerzy ths dost lato tho larger air vesssls from, sbsaes it is op. Seas of tho test acres farther Into ths lung, possibly because of ths sarflseo aotirs substance, surfaetaa, vhioh la secreted ia the broeehiolee aad ia absorbed la ths alrsoll. Za ths alrsoli this dust is rapidly Ingested bj phagocytlo oslls (uacrophagss) hut also eausos a lsibwga of red blood oslls from ths alrsolsr capillaries. this leakage of red oslls is produesd (la difforlas aacuuto) by all firs dnfta. Bed oslls or ths haemoglobin of soas derivative, ars lacsstod by aaerophages. Soas aacrophagss containing dust and/or ha--oglobIn-products ars .shed frou ths slrsolsr sells aad aero outwards .fire* tho alveoli into tea bronchioles, sad saqy of these oslls ars tmtedb ooughed up. In this sagr gibes powder Is rapidly rauorat tram the luags. ths iaasdisto raaoval of sous dust fibres is snueM-- pres--did by two fhotorst (a) so-- fibres penetrate the slrsolar sell, aad (b) sous aacrophsgss oontainiag dust partiolss fuss to tom gloat colls. Sous gisat oslls ars also shed fTea tho slrsolar sails sad loors the alrsoli, hut ethers- got 'trapped st ths Junction of ths alveolus aud alrsolsr duet aad, at least toupararily, sloso these alrsoli ao that they are ao loager arallahls for respiration. When s trapped cell contains asbestos or glass fibres aad hasaoglCbin dseoapositiaa products, iron owitelirtng aatsrial la dopositod oa tho longest fibre sad morphologies! changes taka pises site tea forastioa sad dovslopasat of aa asbestos or glass (ttn body. Xventually, asbestos or glass fibre bodies heoeao beaded sad tee* firagaant late tijy globules, these globules era ingested by uacrophagss aad ars rsuorsd. So far aa eaa ho fudged the-- fragposto of asbestos or glass fibre bodies produce as pathological effects; certainly ao fibrosis has been fouad.. tho fibre body fomatlaa Is apparently ths final asthod by which ths luag attempts to rid itself of fibrous ustsrial. that process is iarolrsd in ths tejutUtfw of fii-va bodies ss asaaot lasfins; tbs srplsnsticns teloh huts be-- given for asbestos sosa inapplicable to glass fibre. Vo oridsaoo has beau fouad that posdorod glass partiolss hoesao seated, as ths eostiag process appears to depend oa ths shape of ths phagoeytosed notarial. ths general sequence that has been described applies te all ths fibrous dusts areal ned. Vo iaportsat features worn fewd that differentiated one trm another. What does dlxfer rsmarksbly is ths rata at which ssbostos bodies fora, develop and fragment. y\i -h ^ .Cr/00&/2. /? -2- i/. r m* . 9"-i Xb each group of animals tho final mlili wort after tho dust had boon la tho lungs for 18 sooths. As stag* that amosite sad erooldolito bodios had roaobod after that tlae mas roaohod by aothophylllto aft^r 6-9 months, ohrysotlle after shoot 6 months, sad-glass fibre after 3*6 months. Most ohrysotlle sad glass fibres, then,ores If they ere mot cleared from the long 1 the incus, or by.phagocytosis, will disappear through the mn-'nsnl-- of asbestos body foraatloo and fragmentation. Aaosito sad erodicwlits will remain such longer. Dust, aqy dust, produces changes la the lung. Xa particular, there is a proliferation of oells and thickening of th alveolar sells and alveolar septa. This, together with the aoouaulatioa of aribllo cells such as mauropU^.s and giant cells, tends to block off seas alveoli. Then glass fibre was Inhaled, soae thickening of the alveolar walls remained even after 18 sooths but the changes ware not gross, and the majority of air vessels were mot blocked. longs containing aaoslte sad crooidolite were much sore severely eongsstsd. Crooidolite , Experiments in whioh batches of guinea-pigs were heavily dosed with orocidolite from Koegas and Transvaal respectively, started at the beginning of the year. These are long-term eo there Is nothing yet to report except that both groups of guinea-pigs have been- depleted by death. One batch of rate also received Koegas eroddplitet nobs has died. Treated chrvsotile A few animals (21*) have Inhaled chrysotile dust whioh was pretreated In- several ways - extracted with eater, extracted with acid, treated with P20t and with V-propylpyridina 1-oxide. There is nothing yet to report. ' Asbestos in tbs rat lung behaves differently from what It does la the guinea-pig lung, particularly la that asbestos bodies are rarely formed. It.has been found that the rat is able to get rid of ssbestoe more efficiently but there is also lass leakage of red oells from capillaries and consequently less ferritin produced. The small amount of ferritin la a cell seems to remain separate from any asbestos fibres that may be present | it is not adsorbed. Calcium Silicate Two groups of guinea pigs inhaled air containing a high concentration of oaleiua silicate, ess far 50 hours and the other for 100 hours. Ssotions of the lungs have not yet been studied and th* experiment is continuing. As animals appeared to bo eooplotely unaffected by the dust) there were mo eigne ef saute toxicity. the Joint experiments with Dr. Seek have continued on the effects of asbestos and modiflsd asbestos on oells. There have been eonfliotlng reports on the toxicity of asbestos to cello In culture, but these experiments suggest the conclusions given below:- Measurements on the of dust to oells are usually carried & 6r ma t?/t. 7& -*: -rrf- -5- out by three setho&a (a) lMb|t of a dye into tho oolla threap tbo (b) leakage of aa anayae fkes tho ooll throat tho damaged aaabrsaa, and (o) tho setabolio rato (lactats >radaption). With toxie dusts like quarts tho throo i|m t7 vail; (a) aad (b) aro increased, and (o) is decreased* Whan ohr7sotilo is tastod, taata (a) aad (b) indioato a alight toxicity, bul tzst (o) does not. If tho chryaotila is axtractad with acid, taata (a) aad (b) show a oonaldarably toxioitytmt (e) shows boos. Coastal at WBssdldhrf baa sheas qdirts haaaolyses rad calls; chrysotile does so to a sxtant, but aoid axtraotad chrysotile prodooas alaost as soOh haemolysis as quarts. ' # The rasuits say be explained by tho foot that tests (a) aad (b) aaasura the parasability of sell membranes whlah iaoraasas BJ uoh whas a oall dies, but while asbestos is being takas up, psrwaability of tbo call meabrane is also increased. this does sot kill .the oall, however, so tho aatabeliss (tost ()) is set (it is, la fact iaoraasad because the oall is eorHag harder pbagocytose the dust partioles). She inoraasa Ip sartraws permeability is sot tea to puncturing of thi oall wall| If : washing tho asbestos eith sold would haws so offset* 1 oust be due to the adsorption of tho meobrai chsysetllo surface* * Zt has baas shoes that oaa of tho first offsets asbestos la tho loaf is to produce a leak of rod ooll eaplllarioa. la alienation of this could bo that anpisaa frcs tho aaorophage offset tho capillary sail* Class fibre also jrodnees a leakage of red calls but so to a bm lass powder. This fits the theory wall elans ooour only while the ftrelgn body is passing through the a spherical partible will be engulfed rapidly bot.a fibre takes s long tiaa. C <Sr /go gr/2 7? Report op Boeoarch at the Pnlreraltr *f f- Jr. Parle Publications i- Werk <m ferruginous bodies, sad calcification la asbestos lsslo&s iu ooopleted during this jrur. S<ns upsets of this work nrt inoorporstsd lata two papers* Zhsss wsrss- (s) The fins structure of 'Perruglaous bodies' produced oxpsrlaontslly la Golaoo pli from aiaerals other then esoeetw*. This hss been soeepted for publication la the 'Arohiiroe of Pathology'. (b) Asbestos dust ss a auolestloa oestre la the eelolfloetloa of old fibrous tissue lesions, sad the possible eseooletloi of this process to the formation of asbestos bodies. This has been aeoepted for publication la 'Xsperlasatal and Koleoular Pathology* Research Topios ' (a) The olootron-nlorosoopo ereuinetlon of hnasa aesothellonas During the pear, three biopsy speelaeas were Obtained, bat none of these was finally confined as a aesothelioas. Work oa this field is still Halted by laok of aatorlol aad has aot edvaaoed during the eurreat year. (b) Production of Mesothelioaaa la dalaale ualne asbestos duet These experlaesta hare eontlnued *lth both Owl nee pigs aad alee Originally aaaplee of ehrysotlle aad orodleollte dust were supplied by Dr. Solt, but bow the U.I.C.C. World Beak aaaplee are need. Bo aesothelioaas hare beea Obtained la ftilnee pigs although sane mini hare now eurrlreA for aoro than three years after duet lajeotisa. Two definite assottutlioeas hare, howsrer, been found la aloe aad oloetron-oieroeeopo exsslaatioa la now la progress. Slaee nearly 100 alee here so far beea used la these studies, end died without producing tuaours, a total of two aoaotholionaa la atlll a rsrynsl percentage aad la no way ooeparoa with the hl^i figures produced by Wagoer. (o) toeriaonts on the oathoatnloltr of other These tests using intrapleural injection hare continued throughout the eurreat year, and it la now passible to dirlde the teat staples late three eetegories. C, <& /*a >&/SLfra /`Us -2- : .v . ' ` Thaso are i- 1. Minarala which produo* an initial foreign body reaction, hut which dissolve with or without toxic effects, With dissolution th* foreign body r--otlon d*olin*a and may completely raaolT*. In this elnss arm Brueite, .Torsterite (produced by hasting chrysotile), silicate, ami probably synthetic chrysotile. 2* Minerals which prodno* a foreign body reaction that results la the fornation of large granuloses which enclose th* dost* These granulomas lie loose in th* pleural cavity, do not fens adhesions, and appear to oauaa the aaiaal no dlsoonfUrt at all* The minerals in this class do not appear fnVwSfl* and the granulomas do not decrease la sis* with ago. Tibrosis ooouts within the granalomaa, but not elsewhere in the pleural cavity. In this class are Tale, Serpentine, Magnetite, Pyroxene, Olivine, Chlorite, Chromite end glass fibre that has bean machine ground. 3* Minerals which prodnes large spreading granalomaa. These lesions adhere firmly to the .chest contents .and may onus* massive adhesions between the lung lobes, tbs and th* ohest well. These granulomas are often replaced by fibrous tisane, and in extreme oases the cheat content* can appear as s solid ansa of . fibrous tissue in which are embedded the heart and <mpT. In this olass are ill types of asbestos and glass fibre that has bten prepared by gentle grinding. The g that the method of preparation of glass fibre saayloa oan greatly alter the pathogenic effects of this oust, represents the most interesting results of the year. The glass samples used oontalm many small fibres of 25<M00QA in diameter mhioh is within ths also rang# of asbsstos crystals. Contis preparation aethods leave those small fibres undamaged and samples so treated prodno* fibrosis with adhesions. Machine grinding appears to break up the fin* filament* fhster than th* large and these samples prodno* os3y grsisalona* without Those experiments indicate that the Shape of the particle nay bo important in fibrosis than its chemical nature. Indications at are that the dangerous partiele may be a fibre several mierooa la length, but only 250 - 10001 la diameter. So fkr la Industrial prooaaeea aabastoa is the only materiel that haa given suoh particles, but ths use of very fins glass fibre may provide another smtoo of these partiele*. Work in th* cooing year will be foeusod on this point* Ths results tram ths plsural cavity seta definite. It rewelm to sea if th* me results are obtained firon lung tissue* ' (d) Experiments on th* method of production of asbestos bodies During this year a series of experiments has beta completed which give new information on aabastoa body formation. These results may be summarised as follows:- Aabastoa body production does not occur actually inside sells as . w* used to think, but between closely apposed macrophages as they fusing to AM giant valid. Late* then glint Veil fluloa it tha bodiii ara found biU tha Mila. Si haa alao boat found that tha flrat ooatia< laid (on on tha aabaatoa flhra la not *Ibrrltla? tat worn fora of aeld aoopolyaaooharlda. tha iron **,i**<"4*i grauolaa latar inprajnata thia ooat to fan a aataro Pari poaitira aabaatoa (a) ftcoarinagta ualiys P20h Thaaa axparlnaata hara ooatlnuad throughout tha paat roar and hara baan axtasdad to rata. Sha rasolts, hogOTar, ara atUl tha aaaa aa thaa obtalnad with Culaaa plfs. P20t aa oa hara oaad it *aa far Aoaa not- altar tha aabaatoa laaiaa la aqp nagr. It haa boon luuitttd hooarar, that doaaga nagr hara to bo ealoulatad nora earafolly in ralatioa to tha anount of aabaatoa teat (iron. Chla rill ha eonaldarad during iht naxt yaar.  />& Sp/<z g jl >? /^r :: E&-. szmk Import on Work t 3t. Jim1 Hospital twdi - Pr. gwjjfcuraa fry4-*1 T--lxpartaanta Batches Of rata Bara Bata followed for 18 aoatha after tko ingestion of a eouraa of erocldollta duat at too Aoaa lorala. So far, aoaa of thoao animal a baa developed any uatoeard effects. k noabar vara aaorlfioad early and ottsxslatar tot ao duet vaa traoad la the aatarial so far evanlned either bv light aloroaoay or adore incineration. three of the ooatrol (roup 'an died or been aaerifiea& baeauaa of aatoral *<"* - m uterine and two with nephritia. Similar groups .-s reoolrlng cfcrjraotils duat but Sa avoid contamination, this axparlaont vaa starved latar. no tuaoura han resulted. Aabastoa in Pleural Tloida Macrophages containing aabastoa fibraa and carbon vara * found in pleural fluid ftoa eao of Dr. Bolt's la th light of this finding, plaural aad peritoneal vaahlnga than rata ftroa tha above experiments ha-ra baaa aaaxchad. Hut ao fbr with ao raaulta. Plaids ftroa two patiasta have alao baaa this work la balag extended by atudplaw mat* samples fksi patiasta aith auapaotad aabaatoaia or marly aeaothalloaee and aatarial la balag collected ftroa aaak patients to tay aad dataraiaa Aether aaaothaUoaaa orbiaatad diffusely daa to a "field change" or la a iooalliad ir nultlfooel' uey. VI-1 i;: w ,-vr-| irraron % loport on Imtrch la Ud - l.l, Crlaahaw. iuM, Harris An inrestlgatiaa of tho breakdown phenoasna on grinding ehrysotile hat boon oouplsted* tbs roloato of aagaiilai hat prorod noat intonating, hot It la dapoadost on jS conditions* to ororeono thin problon, tho free aagnoeisn roloato has boon aaaoaaod by titration to noutral pi conditions in all oases* tho results on ono Canadian ehryeotUo typlQr tha general patterns- Panplo .troatnonl ^ .aa^iina roloaaod % allies roloaaod Shredded only Hilled for 24 hou*a Milled for 72 hours 2*0 50*5 (3*0 0.5 t3 2.2 tho produota of tho Billing haro boon separated into carefully alaod fraction* and tho roloato phonoaona inroatigatod as a fUnotioa of partiolo also, tho roaulta of tho f1* nillod for 24 hours nay bo oospared as follows:- ' Site rants (by sottXaaaat) % aoanoatun roloaao % naanoolna retained 100 - 64 niorons 50*0 30*0 64- -15 morons 484 51*6 15 morons 574 {i24 , A oloao analysis- of tho roaulta has roroolod that a distortod layor is developed on tho aaboatos fibres by tho grinding process* fltidi this layor tho aagnoaiuB is free and oon readily bo roloaaod into solution enlist tha ailioa ronaina as part of tho lattice, tha thickness of tho distorted layer say bo laAepeodeat of particle also but is related to tha intenaibr of grinding* |* tha oonoept of tha distorted layer is exactly parallelled by studios of silicosis mare a highly reactive layer surrounding ground quarts groins bos boon postulated as a prlao fbature* Associated with tho release of aognoalna is tha absorption of organic oouponsnta sueh as iwl no-acids, that those ora ohsorbad has been oatabliahad ooncluaiToly hut tha anouat and ^jpe of Shaorption appears to bo dependent on tho pi and buffering oonflltlona within tha aolstioa* APPBCPn 6 Report on Immunology Study - Dr. Turnar-farwiOk It is now known that oertain ohronle diiiuii of the thryroli, touch, adrenal gland tad other organs aro related to tho development of <mmi raaetioss vhioh in simple tons oauses tho patioat to reject his own tissue*. York in this laboratory was originally Assigned to investigate tha possibility of aatibMles, specific to lung is oortain chromic fibrosing lung diseases of unknown cause and which hare histological similarities with other so called autoimmune diseases* The ellmioel syndrome of Cryptogenio fibrosing Alveolitis was the subject of oar first study* The results of this study showed that although lung reactive antibodies could be demonstrated in sou eases these invariably cross- reacted with other tissues: in other worAs they were non-organ specific tissue antibodies. It has been established hr other workers that there is a group of autoimmune diseases particularly eharseterleed by such antibodies and usually a number of different non-organ specific antibodies oan be Identified la the seme patient. Antibodies reaoting with cell nuclei (anti-nuclear factor or ART) and those reacting to denatured JT globulin (Sheuutoid factors or IT) ere tms of the most oomaon types found* | Against this background of information. It was encouraging to find that in Czyptogenio fibrosing Alveolitis JDIT and ST were found la about a third of tho easts, particularly in ths mare acute phases of the disease* ( Ye believe that Tibrosing Alveolitis Is not dot to only one oanse, but represents final common path of pathologloal change in the lung due to mazy different agents* The ol 1 nl oal syndrome found in asbestos workers characterised by finger elnbbing, widespread crepitations in ths lung, videsprsad radiographic shadows, a rsstriotivs type of ventilatory defect without airways obstruction and fibrosis of ths alvsolar wells ere identical With the features of Cryptogenio fibrosing Alveolitis found in patients without asbestos exposure. The next logical step wee therefore to study tissue antibodies particularly ths non-organ spscifie group in ths ssrwm ef esbestosis patients. Xf they oould be Identified it would suggest that seme types of lmmuoologloal host reactivity played a part in tha development of thisdisorder (in aone or ell eases), although the exact neobanisa of tissue damage would still have to bo worked out* Pur+he'-moi't It might be possible to identify those patients who were more liable to develop lung changes sad sxolads thsm from exposure before lung changes have occurred. Design of the Initial Study Sera from patients, with the classical features of asbestosis were eolleoted from as wids a oatohmsnt arts as possible to eover different I-&-. I I I I /a*>6S/3L&3- /?/y x->- "t- : " ".r^S ;y^y,i. . durations sad types of asbestos exposure. Zt was at this point that tho link with ths Pneumoconiosis Medical PsaoX booaao partloularl/ valuable* By tho oad of tho first poor 116 sora had toon oollsotod and studiod (soo llavanth Annual Ispart)* Our rasults shewed that both AH? and SV woxo found significantly aoro firegaently than is raaien populations with an inoidonoo strikingly to that found la Cryptogonio fibrosing ilTooolitis. further dotailod study was thsrofhro indicated* - (a) To obtain farther oridoneo of Innnnnloglnil hyperactivity. (b) So asoartain whether tissue antibodies ooourrod as a resalt of all types of ehronio fibrosing condition as a noaspeoiflo reaction to tissue daaege. (o) Whether detection of tissuo sstibodies oould IdentiQr those patients at spools! risk to derelop lung fibrosis. farther Brldenoe of Ingunolosiosl HesotjritT lung resotire antibodies were studied by three different tonharl geest 1 Conrentionsl complement fixation tests, using hoaogonatos of human lung as substrate. 2. She antiglobulin consumption test'using tits substrate. 5. An indirect lamnnoflnoaresoent tost using H 38 Sang fibroblasts* Our results shew that in aabestoals, lung roaetiro antibodies are only Tory occasionally found using say of those throe aystems, and this is in contrast to tho -pattern of antibodies seen in lystenie Lupus and - flbrosislng Alveolitis, chore these typos of tissuo antibodies ore met unoommon* Severer, this oontrasts with tho too other conditions in whichAHT'and ST are nrwnnly found, namely Systealo Lupus Bythwntodi and fibrosing Alveolitis share cytoplaamio satibodios osi detested in complement fixation and anti gv*a*v consumption tjsi On the' other hand study of tissue antibodies la ether ehronio fibrosing tiaiei suggests that AH? sad If do uet result non-spoolfinally from any typo of ehronio Inflasmatcry ohange in tho laag and It lochs therefore as if AH? and If are associated with the development of swteln force of fibrosing diseases only, including aabestoals. further evidence supporting 'the suggestion of immunologiosl lyporfcacti vitv la patients with ssbestosis in found is nor results of quantitative Immunoglobulin assay whore increases in Individual immunoglobulins arc not infrequently found occurring in a .. propox-tlea cf eases and in similar patterns to that found in Cryptogenic fibrosing Alveolitis* Survey of Patients with Asbestos Ixpoturt To answer tho question whether antibodies develop before lung fibrosis will have to be answered by surveying exposed subjects withset X-ray changes* We have therefore devised a program to survey patients C, &/00 C, rSJL *6 f./9 r?*rv^-^l . ~ -3- wSe& '-?'VI*; .pA.m'Ssft.f-c" 9iit uintliUjr to ubutoi la too mtmtUi m| om fbotoxy population ml tbo otbor aaplqjrod 1* tho 1notation tho loyal Iiotm Dool^arl, Plymouth. to fax' 127 Mr* from tj (roup out about 75 frao Plywouth boro i^os oollootad. So-- UO aura will bo oollootod boforo tho dotallsA analysis lo --to. Tbo initial laproatioa is that o^oaod but waaffoctal oubjooto Toa affeor aaaar yoaro oxpoauro to aaboatol *iaro aa laoldonoo of circulating antibodiaa slaliar to tbo aonul population, lo. about 3/t, tbo problaa aov arlaaa aa to whothur it la tbia *--11y wbo art at opoeial riak to dovalop aaboatoola or whotbor lung tonothor with tlaauo antibodies appoara la previously negative Our data porhapa boat flto with tbo suggestion that tbooo aubjoota bo particularly pro-- to dovalop aaboatoola ao that tbo laoldonaa of";; tlaauo oatibodioo rise* fra ST to X/t aa tbia group boooaoa aolootod out. but that otbar factors aro also involved aoooustiag for tbo Mrs of affbotod pationta who bar# -- tlaauo astlbodioo* Further Work Tbo insunologioal survey of aaboatoa oapoauro baa to bo . : - * ooapletod in tbo laboratoz7 and thaa analysed. Tha datallod oorrelatiea botwaaa tho ollnloal radiographic, physiological fOaturos aad lgBunologioal status la patisats with aaboatoola --at bo' Tbia data la already btiig handlod. Tbo radiographs aro being classified aeoerdiag to tbo UZCC olaaalfloatloa and tbo physioXoflobl data tabulated. j