Document 6BNVM5vR97oVXem0VdDn55JM6

ft OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY OPERATED BY UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION FOR THE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION ORNL/TIRC-77/3 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE I. An Overview II. A Literature Collection 1947 to 1977 H. S. Warren and B. E. Ricci APRIL 1978 miiiikm limn m ftnuiff TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION PROGRAM TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION RESPONSE CENTER SL 065413 Printed in the United States of America. Available from National Technical Information Service U S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 Printed Price: $15.00 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor any of its employees, nor any of its contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights SL 065414 ORNL/TIRC-77/3 Contract No. W-7405-eng-26 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE I. An Overview II. A Literature Collection 1947 to 1977 H. S. Warren and B. E. Ricci Toxicology Information Response Center Information Center Complex Information Division Work supported by the Toxicology Information Program, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under NLM Interagency Agreement No. 40-274-71. APRIL 1978 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 operated by UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SL 065415 Ill CONTENTS Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v I. An Overview Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 3 Toxicity.................................................................................................................................. 3 Animal Toxicity............................................................................................................. 3 Human Toxicity............................................................................................................. 5 Biochemistry and Metabolism............................................................................................. 5 Oral Administration....................................................................................................... 5 Inhalation Studies..........................................................................................................6 Mutagenicity..........................................................................................................................7 Literature Collection..............................................................................................................7 II. A Literature Collection Abbreviations......... ............................................................................................................ 10 Literature Collection............................................................................................................11 Author Index................................................................................................................ 23 Keyword Index..............................................................................................................27 Permuted Title Index.................................................................................................... 31 Addendum............................................................................................................................37 Permuted Title Index.................................................................................................... 41 **** Toxicology Information Response Center Description..................................................... 51 Publication List................................................................................................................... 52 SL 065416 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We express our appreciation for assistance in preparing this publication to H. B. Gerstner, S. A. Black, and M. R. Miles, Toxicology Information Response Center, to Dr. H. M. Kissman, TIP/NLM, and Dr. G. U. Ulrikson, ICC/ORNL, for their continuing encouragement and support, and to H. R. Witschi, M.D., Biology Division/ORNL, for professional advice. VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE I. An Overview 3 INTRODUCTION Vinylidene chloride (VDC), a clear, pleasantly sweet-smelling liquid, is related to vinyl chloride in structure, use, and reactivity and the two compounds often coexist as contaminants in workroom air. VDC was first reported by V. Regnault in 1838, but not until almost 100 years later (1930-1940) were commercial uses developed. The monomer copolymerizes readily with other vinyl monomers into latex, fiber, film, and resin forms, with outstanding resistance to chemicals and abrasion. Marketed by Dow Chemical Company under the name "Saran," these copolymers have found wide and increasing use (Dow Bulletin, 7). The monomer is characterized as follows: Chemical formula: H Cl HC=CC1 Synonyms: 1,1-dichloroethylene; 1,1-dichloroethene; DCE; VDC Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 75-35-4 Physical state: clear, colorless liquid Molecular weight: 96.95 Freezing point: -122.53C Boiling point: 31.50 C Specific gravity: 1.3 Vapor density: 3.34 (air = 1) Explosive limits in air (28): 7.3 - 16.0% Solubility: insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents VDC monomer is stored and shipped either with an inhibitor, or refrigerated under an inert gas with light and air excluded, to prevent polymerization and/or development of peroxides. TOXICITY Animal Toxicity Experimental animal studies indicate that VDC is slightly more toxic than ethylene dichloride and slightly less toxic than carbon tetrachloride. Either a single prolonged inhalation exposure or repeated short-term exposures of concentrations too low to cause anesthesia may produce organic injury to liver and kidneys (Dow Bulletin, 7). Continuous 90-day exposures and repeated daily exposures of 8 hr day, five days per week for six weeks to VDC (and other halogenated hydrocarbons) were studied in rats, guinea pigs, dogs, rabbits, and monkeys. Growth depression and significant mortality were noted in continuous exposures to VDC at 61, 101, and 189 mg/m3. Significant increases in the activities of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and liver alkaline phosphatase were found in rats and guinea pigs exposed continually to the 189 mg/m3 level; also, histopathologic study revealed liver damage. Similar liver damage was also SL 065419 4 found in those animals with repeated exposures to 395 and 515 mg/m3 (Prendergast et al.,41). Minimal but significant injury to liver and kidney at concentrations as low as 25 ppm has been shown after several months exposure (Irish, 24). Nasal irritation, retarded weight gain, and liver cell degeneration were noted in rats exposed 20 times to 500 ppm for 6 hr at each exposure, but only a slight nasal irritation was noted for the same exposures to 200 ppm (Gage, 20). Siegel et al. (48) arrived at an LCS0 of 6350 ppm for VDC in rats in a comparative toxicity test of a series of halogenated hydrocarbons. Carpenter, Smyth, and Pozzani (16) reported that four of six rats died within 14 days after a single 4-hr inhalation exposure to 32,000 ppm VDC. Rylova (45) found the lethal vapor concentration to be 15 mg/liter for white mice and also reported hyperemia of laryngeal and pulmonary mucosa in guinea pigs. A concentration of 8 mg/liter caused irritation of respiratory mucosa in white mice with death occurring within 24 hr. In rabbits, 0.2-2 mg/liter slowed reflexes within 40 min. Postmortem examination after chronic exposure to similar concentrations for 3 hr/day over a four-month period showed bronchitis, liver changes, swelling of renal tubules, and an increase in spleen follicles (Roubal, 44). Aqueous and oil extracts of VDC-based polymer administered in food and/or drinking water to mice and rats failed to produce any visible effects on viability, body weight, or organ size (Spom et al., 50). The effects of adrenalectomy on the hepatotoxicity of VDC to rats were tested in an effort to determine mechanisms of toxicity, since it is known that CC14 hepatotoxicity is affected by adrenalectomy (Jenkins, Trabulus, and Murphy, 33). Removal of the adrenals 10 to 14 days prior to oral administration of VDC drastically reduced the 24-hr LD50. A single oral dose of 400 mg/kg resulted in decreased hepatic injury as measured by serum alanine-a-ketoglutarate transaminase (AKT). The toxicity of VDC to rats was also markedly affected by the nutritional state. Prolonged fasting (45 hr) potentiated hepatic injury as measured by the 4-hr elevation of serum AKT (Jaeger, Trabulus, and Murphy, 32). Inhalation LCS0 in fed rats was between 10,000 and 15,000 ppm, while in fasted rats it ranged between 500 and 2500 ppm. The effects of adrenalectomy and fasting are outlined below: Oral LD50: Inhalation LC50: Rats, adrenalectomized - 84 mg/kg/24 hr Rats, normal - 1550 mg/kg/24 hr Rats, fed - 10,000 to 15,000 ppm/4 hr Rats, fasted - 500 to 2500 ppm/4 hr i< Ot>h &20 sv 5 Human Toxicity Very little information is available on the toxicology of VDC in humans. Because of its high volatility and lack of adequate warning properties such as odor or color, VDC presents a definite inhalation hazard. A single exposure for a few minutes to 4000 ppm may cause "drunkenness," progressing to unconsciousness if the exposure becomes prolonged. Industrial experience indicates a prompt and complete recovery from the anesthetic effects of short exposures to VDC if the patient is moved immediately to fresh air (Dow Bulletin, 7). Skin irritation, due at least partly to the polymerization inhibitor (phenol or monomethyl ether of hydroquinone), may occur on contact with inhibited VDC. The inhibited monomer is also irritating to the eyes, but permanent damage is not likely (Dow Bulletin, 7). Rylova (45) reported irritation of corneal mucosa and respiratory passages in humans at 0.1 mg/liter. Neurological symptoms of two patients who had manually cleaned a tank used in transport of an aqueous dispersion of VDC resembled the "polyneuritis cranialis" caused by trichloroethylene. Irreversible lesions of the trigeminal area of face, mouth, and tongue developed, spreading later to the second and third cervical segments. Electromyographic evaluation of the trigemino-facial reflexes indicated a functional disorder of the intemeuronal system. The toxic chemical appeared to be either VDC or mono- and/or dichloroacetylene (Broser, Henschler, and Hopf, 13; Henschler, Broser, and Hopf, 22). A long-term mortality study (Ott, Langner, and Holder, 39) of 594 employees exposed to vinyl chloride (VC) together with small amounts of VDC and other contaminants revealed no deaths due to liver malignancy, and fewer than expected deaths at all levels of exposure with the exception of the high level (over 200 ppm VC). The concomitant exposure to VDC, now a suspected toxicant, was acknowledged as a factor in the study. A threshold limit value of 10 ppm set in 1974 is believed to be low enough to avoid liver and kidney injury (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 3). Prior to that time it was generally understood by industry that the vapor concentration should be maintained below 25 ppm for repeated exposures 8 hr/day, five days per week. BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM Oral Administration Jenkins, Trabulus, and Murphy (33, 34) undertook the task of clarifying the biochemical response of rats to VDC and of comparing the influence of factors that might alter that response. Oral administration of VDC in 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg doses in com oil resulted in decreased liver alkaline phosphatase, tyrosine transaminase, plasma alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase. A definite dose-response relationship was shown. Female rats were more susceptible than males as shown by the decreased liver glucose-6-phosphatase and increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Phenobarbital pretreatment caused a reduction in response of liver SL 065421 6 glucose-6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, tyrosine transaminase, and plasma alanine transaminase. Adrenalectomized animals were more susceptible to acute lethal action indicating that the adrenals may be involved in resistance to the monomer's toxicity. These observations suggested that metabolism of VDC results in products which are less hepatotoxic than VDC itself. Studies by Jaeger, Trabulus, and Murphy (31) on dose-response and time course of hepatic injury by VDC confirmed the results reported by Jenkins. The time sequence of enzyme changes and measurements designed to detect lipid peroxidation indicated that VDC was dissimilar to CC14 in its mechanism of action. An oral dose of 400 mg/kg was shown to prolong pentobarbital sleeping time in rats (a measure of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity) probably because of altered absorption or distribution of the pentobarbital (Jaeger and Murphy, 30). Inhalation Studies In inhalation studies with rats, control animals tolerated exposures of 32,500 ppm VDC for 1 hr. Lethality was increased by pretreatment with either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, and most pretreated animals died either during the exposure period or shortly thereafter. No increase was observed in hepatotoxicity as measured in terms of serum glutamic-pyruvic and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases or liver glucose-6-phosphatase. Changes were not evident in wet or dry lung weight nor in the gross appearance of the lungs (Carlson and Fuller, 15). Since lethality in phenobarbital-treated rats was increased without apparent enhancement of hepatotoxicity or lung damage, cardiotoxic effects were suspected (Siletchnik and Carlson, 49). A dose of 4 jug/kg of epinephrine failed to produce arrhythmia in air-exposed rats, but a 0.5 Mg/kg dose produced continuous ventricular contractions in rats exposed to VDC. Cardiac sensitization by VDC was further enhanced when rats were pretreated with phenobarbital. Metabolism of VDC by hepatic microsomal enzymes may have been induced by the phenobarbital, thereby hastening the amount of cardiotoxic metabolite formed (Siletchnik and Carlson, 49). Jaeger (25) conducted research toward understanding the mechanisms by which inhalation toxicity of compounds in the rat is altered. Overnight (18 hr) fasting of rats lowered the 24-hr LC50 from 15,000 ppm for rats fed ad libitum to 600 ppm in the fasted rats. Elevation of serum AKT was found at 150 ppm in fasted rats but only at 2000 ppm and higher in the fed rats. Increased hepatic injury appeared to be related to decreased hepatic glutathione concentration associated with fasting (Jaeger, Conolly, and Murphy, 27). Diurnal variations in liver glutathione concentration were shown in both fed and fasted rats with increased sensitivity to lethal and hepatotoxic effects of foreign compounds occurring when the glutathione concentration was at the lower levels (Jaeger, Conolly, and Murphy, 26). The fasted rats which had received VDC, either by inhalation or orally, were hypoglycemic at death, while fed rats were hyperglycemic. Both groups had bloody ascites. Blood volumes were reduced and death appeared to be due to vascular collapse and shock (Jaeger, Trabulus, and Murphy, 32). 1 SL 065422 7 When VC was administered simultaneously with VDC in a molar ratio of 5:1, fasted rats appeared to be completely protected from VDC damage as judged by serum AKT activity. Only when concentrations were approximately equimolar did serum AKT activity appear and injury occur, with some degree of protection still apparent (Jaeger et al., 29). Prior administration of VC resulted in diminished glutathione and an enhanced degree of liver injury. Morphologic studies showed massive mid-zonal hepatic necrosis with hepatic thrombosis and chromatolysis within 2 hr after a 4-hr exposure of fasted rats to 200 ppm VDC (Jaeger, 25). Following formation of this mid-zonal lesion, the central portion of the lobule collapsed, accompanied by congestion, bloody ascites, and increased hematocrit. Serum transaminase and sorbital dehydrogenase were elevated after 6 hr. MUTAGENICITY A linear dose-dependent mutagenic response to 0.2-2% vol VDC in air was seen in Salmonella typhimurium TA1530 and TA100. Mutagenicity was higher in the assays mediated with mouse liver, kidney, and lung fractions than with rat fractions and was dependent on mixed function oxidase cofactors. Pretreatment of mice and rats with phenobarbitone increased the mutagenic response. The addition of sulfur-containing compounds (e.g., V-acetyl-cysteine or TV-acetyl-methionine) caused reduced mutagenic response indicating that the mutagenic VDC metabolite may be trapped by nucleophilic sulfur groups thus competing for binding sites in bacterial DNA (Bartsch et al., 12). LITERATURE COLLECTION A review of the literature by Haley (21) stresses the necessity for further study of VDC in general. References in this collection span the time period 1947 to 1977 and were drawn from: Biological Abstracts, Vols. 21:1947-64:1977 Chemical Abstracts, Vols. 41:1947-87:1977 Excerpta Medica Cancer, Vols. 25:1974-36:1977 Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vols. 18:1965-41:1977 Current Contents, 1975-1977 Current Journals, 1974-1977 MEDLINE Data System TOXLINE Data System ORNL Data Systems Search terms used for retrieval of references were vinylidene chloride; 1,1-dichloroethylene; 1,1-dichloroethene; DCE; and VDC. Si 423 VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE II. A Literature Collection 1947 to 1977 10 ABBREVIATIONS CA..........................................................Chemical Abstracts BA..........................................................Biological Abstracts SL 065*25 LITERATURE COLLECTION <i> larabovskii, Z.H.; Shiba, f.T.j bctsmnko# v.a. Sanitarv inspection of new packaging materials for food product*. Vopr. Pitan. 3: 55*59 (1974) . (BA 59( 10) : 58113). Analysis of packaqinq materials made of vinylidene chloride (VDC) and vinyl chloride (VC) polymers established the presence of free volatile soDOsers. Absorption of the mooosers by food packaged in sinilar material vms examined in wheat flour, soup concentrates, cookies, tea, and bay leaves. Negative results were obtained, exceot in cookies with a 3-month shelf life. These results stress the importance of extending the experiments beyond the recommended shelf life of food products. Fuss; Eng, Transl. PACKAGING; POOD; 1BSOPPTION; ANALYSIS <2> Allen, T.H. Spacecraft atmospheres. Part II. Contaminants. Environmental Biology. Altman, P.L.; Dittmer, D.S. (Eds.) Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. HD; OSA 326 (1966) . Forty-seven compounds mere identified as contaminants of Mercury spacecraft atmospheres after a space flight. Of these, tventy-four compounds mere quantitatively determined. Vinvlidene chloride vas detected in the concentration 0-2 ppm range. CONTAHINANT; SPACECRAFT <?> American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Vinylidene chloride Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values fer Substances in workroom Air. supplement for Those Substances Added or Changed since 1971, p. 351-2 (1971). continued exposure to vinylidene chloride (VDC) appears to cause less inlury in laboratory animals than continued exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CC14), although mortality due to Vdc may fce qreater than in those similarly exposed to CC14. Time-weighted average exposure for workers should not exceed 25 ppm* VDC threshold limit value in workroom air of 10 ppm (approx. 40 mq/3) is believed lew enough to prevent liver and kidney injury. ANIMAL; TOIICITT; THRESHOLD IIHIT <4> Anderson, w.L.; Saunders, R.A. Evolution of materials in the closed system. a symposium on Toxicity in the Closed Ecological System. Homaa, H.; Crosby, R. J, (EdB.), Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Research Lab., Palo Alto, Ca 9-16 (1963) . Data were collected and compiled during actual manned operation in confined atmospheres (submarine and spacecraft). Table 4 lists all contaminants identified in the atmospheres of Mercury Spacecraft. Vinylidene chloride was found in a concentration of 0-2 ppa. 13 SPACECRAFT; SUBMARINES; CONTAHINANT < ?> ADcnyaous vinylidene chloride. Them. Sources-`J. S. A ,, Directories Publishing Co., Flemmgton, NJ 573, 711 (19V4), Inc., Producers (manufacturers) are listed for vinylidene chloride and polyvinylidene chloride. Eroducers of vinylidene chloride monomer ace Dow ct-emical Co. and PPG Industries, Inc. Chemical 0 ivision. M A NU FACT UF E <e> Anonymous Vinylidene chloride Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials, National ?ire Protection Association, Boston, HA 5th ed. 279-260 (1972) Different hazards linked with the handling of vinylidene chloride, as well as the measures to be taken in case of fire, are described. Special care should be taken with the electrical equipment for use in atmospheres containing vinylidene cnlonde vapors. fIP3; EQUIPMENT < "> Arcnymous Vinylidene chloride monomer Bulletin, Plastics Department, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, (1966). This bulletin makes pertinent data on the safe handling of vinylidene chloride monomers (VDC) available to customers. Dow chemical Company started research and development of VDC in the early I930*s. "Saran" copolymers were first marketed in the early 1940*s. These copolymers are noted for their resistance to chemicals and solvents, low water absorption and vater vapor transmission, and excellent stability. They are odorless, tasteless, tough, and virtually non-toric. Commercial VDC consists of 1,2-dichlocoethylene (900 ppm), vinyl chloride (650 ppm), vinylidene chloride (99.6 opi) and an inhibitor, monoaethyl ether of hydroguinone, or HEHQ (200 ppm). It also contains Phenol (0.6 to 0.6 ppm) and a saall aaount of impurities (chlorinated hydrocarbons). Inhibitors are added tc vdc during manufacturing to prevent polymerization of the product. "Physical properties and constants", "Hazards and their control," and "Storage" are sections of the Bulletin which give information on safe handling and use of the monomer. PLASTIC; PROPERTIES; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE <e> Anonymous MCA undertakes monomer study. Cbemecology (Feb. 1975). The Manufacturing Chemists Association has announced plans to adainister research on the occupational health aspects of vinylidene chloride monomer (VDC) and styrene monomer, "'velve firms will sponsor the research on uT-1 14 <8> COPT. styrene, ted thirteen ill food the pock on VDC. Projects include animal tests on ingestion, inhalation, fatal dswslopnent, toxicity, and metabolisn. flAPOPlCTUFE; IEGESTIOE; TOXICITY; RBTABClISfl; TER ATOG ERICITT; AEIHAL; STYRENE <9> Anonvmous; Sociata pout la Protaction des Cultures Helanqe* ptoducteurs d'aeroscls at laurs applications. (Sited aeroicl products and thair applications.) Brevat d'Invention (Branch Patent) ?2,680 (Eeb. 15, 1949). The patented lizture consists of dichloroethylene (CC12:CE2) (i) or dinetbylsllan< (HeSiHlne) (II) ixad with active mqredients and kept under pressure in an aerosol can: an insecticidal mixture contains it crystalline rctenone and 0.5% citral; a disinfectant alxture, 4.5* pine oil and 0-5* citral; a therapeutic compound, 3* pine oil and 0.5% thyaol, and an anticryFtoqaaic compound 5* faexachlorobenzene. I and II act in two pays; as dispersive aqents for the mixture and as activators of the effect of the insecticide aoents. Pr. AEROSOL ; PATEWT; IISECTICIDZ <10> Bando, B. R.; Bosenbaus, H.J. Toxicity cells aediated by plastic wraps. Lab. 22 (1) : 26, 31 ( 1973). in Keta Fract. Cytotoxicity in tQbed Bela cell cultures was observed fros using a particular brand of plastic fils in the "sandwich" sealing technique for tissue culture tubes. Cell cultures covered with Vltafiln plastic urap (Goodyear, Ohio, O.S.A.) developed 75* cytotoxicity within 4 hrs and were destroyed in 72 hrs. "Seran wrap", "Randi-Rrap" (Dos chesical, Bichiqan, O.S.A.) and "Glad Wrap" (Onion Carbide CO* Bew Tcrk, U*S-A.) produced no cytotoxicity in testing experiments* 1.1- Dichloroethylene is used ns a sonoeer in the nanufacture of Satan traps* "Vitaliis", accord!oq to the sanufacturer doe* not contain 1.1- dichloroetbylene. Apparently the toxic substance in "Vltafili* was transferred to the cell cultare and sight be volatile. PLASTIC; CEIL CDLTOEEj TOXXCITT <11> Barr# R.F.; watts, H. Diffusion of some organic and inotqanic compounds in air. <3- Chea. tnq. Data 17(1) : 4 5-46 (1972). Diffusion coefficients in air at 298.2 degrees K and 1 atm. have been determined for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, propane, isobutane, n-pentane, dichlorodifluoronethane, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene chloride. The infrared frequency for vinylidene chloride at cs-1 was in the ranqe of 940 and 1024* The experimental value at cm2, sec-1 was 0.1144 plus or minus 0.0087. This precision cf the vinylidene chloride value is low probably because it reacts with oxyqen to fora peroxides in the diffusion cell. DIFFUSION COEFFICIEWT; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY j PIOPERTIES < 12> Bartsch, H,; lialaveille, c.; Nontesano, R.; "ewatis, L. Tissue-aediated autagenicity of vinylidene chloride and 2-chlorobutadiene in salaonella typhimunua. Nature (London) 255(5510) ! 61-6U3 (1 975) . The mutagenicity of vinylidene chloride, VDC, (I) and 2-chlorobutadiene (II) to Salaonella typhisuriun TA1530 and TA100 strains was examined by aouse and rat tissue-aediated assay systems. A dose-dependent nutaqenic response to I (0.2 to 21 to 1. in air) and XI (0.5 to 8* vol* vapour in air) was observed. Pretreating nice with pbenobarbitone (0.1* in drinking water for i days) increased the response to I and n in the presence of 9,000 g liver supernatant fractions. The autagenic response increased in both strains after exposure to up to 2% VDC in air. Exposure to 2 or 20% VDC in air for hr was used to assay rat and aouse liver, kidney, and lung fractions for their ability to produce autagenic metabolites of I. Mutagenic activity of I was highest with acuse aicrosoeal fraction* aod ainiaal with the lung fractions. Pretreataent of rats and aice with pregnenolone-16a-carbonitnle (50 ag/kg) or aminoacetonitrile (*00 ag/kq) was followed by addition of R-acetylcystei oe and R-acetyl methionine (12 u sole of each per vl) to assays containing aouse liver fractions. An 80% reduction in the autagenic response to I was observed, suggesting that autagenic metabolites of I are trapped by nucleophilic 5 groups. I and 11 are autagenic and exposure of workers to thea aust be controlled- HOTAGEWICITT; INTERACTION; SALROREILA; SH3YBE < 13> Bccser, P,; Henschler, D.; Hopf, H.C. Chlorierte Acetylene als Ursacbe einer irreparablen Trigeaiuusstoerung bei iwei Patienten. (Irreversible lesions of the trigeainal nerve caused by chlorinated acetylenes in two patients), Dent. Z. Nervenbeilk. 197: 163-170 (1970) . Two workers exhibited syaptoss of poisoning especially in the trigeainal area within 9 to 30 hr after exposure tc vinylidene chloride (I). Syeptoas were similar to "polyneuritis cranialis" associated with trichloroethylene poisoning; both patients developed sensory disturbances in face, scuth, and tongue. An electromyographic analysis showed the disorder to be of mterneurona 1 origin, I is suggested as the toxic agent. Gee- ; Eng. Suaa. occupational EXPOSURE; neurotoxicity; CASE report <14> C6EN Health hazards of aonosers probed. Eng. News 53(3): S (Jan. 20, 1975). Chea. P,L- Viola (Regina Elena Institute of Cancer Research, Bose) found liver tuaors in animals exposed to high inhalation concentrations of vinylidene chloride (VDC). Dow Chemical is five sonths along on Inhalation and feeding studies. 15 <i> com. The Hanufacturinq Chemist* Association has contracted to study the occupational health aspects of TDC aad styrene. Effects on fatal development tad netabolism alii ba investigated. Estimated total costs for both projects approximate *500,000 to $600,000. RESEARCH; TOtfOB; AURAL; HABDPACT0BE; IlGlSTlON; RET ABOLISR < 15> Carlson, g. P.; fuller, G.C. Interaction of modifiers of hepatic aicrosoaal drug letabclisa and the inhalation toxicity of 1, 1-dichloroethylene. Res. Cosmo. Chea. Pathol. Pharaaccl. 4(3): 55 3-560(1972). The inhalation lethality of 1, 1-dichlcroethylene (1,i-CC8) was increased by administration of the hepatic aicrosoaal enzyme inducino agents ohenoburfcital (PB) and 3-sethylcholaftthrene (3nc) ; no increase in henatotoxicity and no lunq damage were found. Other inhibitors, SAT 525A and Lilly 18947, also increased 1, l-DCE lethality, with shortened survival tine during inhalation. TOXICITY; ENZIH E; RAT; INHALATON <1fa> carpenter, C.P. ; Sayth, H.f. Jr.; Pozzani, U.C. The assay of acute vapor toxicity, and the qradinq and interpretation of results on ninety-six cheiical compounds. J. ind. jjyg, Toxicol. 31(6): 343-346 (194?). The response of rats to a U hr vapor exposure in a 14 dav observation period is used as a basis for grading the sinqle exposure toxicity of a chemical. A list of 96 coapoundi is tabulated accordinq to toxicity data on ingestion, skin penetration, vapor inhalation, skin irritation, and eye injury. At exposures of 32,000 ppa of 1, 1-dicbloroethylene, 2/6, 3/6 and 4/6 rats tested were killed. RAT; TOXICITY < 1 7> Chivers, C.P. Two cases of occupational leucoderaa following contact with hydroquinone aonowethvl ether. Brit. J. Ind. Red. 29: 105-107 (1972). Two out of eight process workers handling bvdroguinofie aonoaethyl ether in a vinylidene chloride plant developed depigaentation (occupational legcoderea) of the skin of the foreurns. One of thee experienced depigientation of the skin of the forehead. The process operation and case reports are described. Of the eight operators, two worked the process for aore than three years, three for between two and three years, and three for less than one year. Those affected bed the longest service: one (aged 53 years) worked for 22 years and another (aged 36 yearn) worked for 14 years. Eotb experienced deoiqmentation of the skin. Repiqsentation was hoped to be completed. LE0CODERNA; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CASE REPORT <ie> Christensen, H.E.; Luginbyhl, T.T. (Eds.) Ethylene, 1, 1-dichloro. The Toxic Substances list (1974 edition) B.S. Dep. of Health, Education and Be Ifare 352, 824, 826, ( 1974). Data on vinylidene chloride toxicity (lowest published lethal concentration) to rats, dogs, aod rabbits are: oral toxic dose for rats 400 g/kq.; inhalation toxic dose for rats : 500 ppa in 4 hr.; intravenous toxic dose for dogs; 225 g/kg; subcutaneous toxic dose fot rabbits: 3700 9/kq. TOXICITY; ANIRAL <19> Ted. Register; Kirk, J.A. food additives. Packaging aaterials for use during the irradiation of prepackaged foods. fed. Register 33(54): 4659 (1966). Several food packaging ftatenals that say be subjected to irradiation have been added to the list of food additives, Aaong thea is vinylidene chloride copolymer containing a ainnus of 85* vinylidene chloride vith one or sore of the following elastomers: acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, itaconic acid, sethyl acrylate and methyl sethacrylate. fCOD ADDITIVE; COATINGS; CONTAINERS; FOOD < 20> Gage, J.C. The subacute 109 industrial chemicals. 27 (1): 1-18 ( 1 970) . inhalation Brit. J. toxicity of I fid. Red. Rats were exposed to known concentrations of 109 cheiicals in air for periods of about three weeks. The toxic properties of the substances are reviewed in relation to the effects of sillier coapounds on aniials and on wan. five hundred ppa of 1, i-dichlotoethylene 6 hr/day for 20 days, was found to be of aoderate toxicity, producing nose irritation and liver cell degeneration effects. Two hundred ppa for the sane tiae of exposure also produced slight nose irritation but organs were noraal on autopay. RAT; TOXICITY; INHALATION < 21> Haley, T.J. Vinylidene chloride, A review of the literature. Clin. Toxicol. 9 (6): 633-643 (1515) , This review is taken fros 38 references on vinylidene chloride (VDC). Poliowing a brief introduction, the chesistry section is divided into synthesis, analysis, biochemistry, and etabolisi. A paragraph on industrial hygiene precedes the toxicity section. TOXICITY; RESEARCH; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE; REVIEW; HUNAN; ANIMAL SL 065429 16 <22> Hensehler, D. t ros*r, t.j ispf, i.C. (Polyneuritis eranialis following poisoning with chiociftBtBd BCBtylBBB* while handling vinylidene cooolvaer*). Areh. foxikol. (Translation 101-B521-1, BaIph Bclltoy Co.# auitin. Tax,) 26: 62- 75 < 19701 . Two vorkars developed cranial nary* disorder* after to attempt to clean oat tank cars containin') residues of ad agueoox dispersion of vinylidene chloride copolymer*, Primarily involved vas the trigeminal nerve. The occipital, auricular* and cervical uct*i as wall it uastication, eyw, and hypoglossus auscles vara affected. Tha poisoning agent(a) vas identified as Bonocbloroacetylene aod/cr dichloroacetylene, present a* highly toxic cootasinants in vinvlidene chloride (I) or developing froi other contaainants (such as tetrachloroethane and trichloroethylene) during production and storage of (I). Strict caution is absolute for handlihg preparations of polyvinyl chloride as sell as the above mcnomers. Gar.; Ena, Sums, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RAIDLING; IEUR0T0HCITT; CASE HE PORT <23> Huebner, V. F.; Eaton, R. G. ; Chaudet, J.H. Gas chroaatograph for tha Apcllo spacecraft. Preliminary report. J- Gas Chrotatog. 4(h): 121-125 (1966). A 3-coluen gas chroeatograph sas designed to analyze toxic costaslnauts vhich lay appear in the ataosphere of Apollo spacecraft during flight- Separation of a large ouaber of coaoounds, including l, 1-dichloroethylene, vas achieved in laboratory tests. Less than 10 ppa concentrations of practically all coipounds vere easily detectable. GAS CHBOHATOGBAPBT; COVTAHXIAIT; SPACECRAFT <2 > Irish, D.D. Vinylidene chloride. Industrial hygiene and Toxicology. Patty, F.A., (Ed.), Intarscience publishers, S.T, 2nd. ed., 2: 1305-1307 (1963). Physical and cbaaical properties of vinylidene chloride (I) are gi?en. An extensive review of the pbvsiological response to I includes acute and chronic vapor exposures, eye and skin contact, and absorption by breathing. Bygiem^ standards, flannabtlity, and odor and warning properties are also included. PHYSIOLOGY; TOXICITY; PlOPBkTIES <25> Jaeger, B.J- Vinyl chloride aonoeer: coaients on its bepatotoxicity and interaction with 1, 1-dicbloroethylane. Ann. S.Y. Acad- Sci. 2*6: 150-1 (1975). Vinyl chloride eonoeer (VCB) and 1, i-dichloroethylene (1, i-DCt) are used together m tha tanufacture of polyvinyl polymers. 1,1-DCE is tore reactive and more bepatotoxic than VCB. The aechanisis of inhalation toxicity and of interaction batwaen tha two chanicala were studied, in previous exparleenta it was demonstrated that fasted rats ware aore sensitive tc i,l-DCE induced injury than fed rats. Bfaeo fasted rats ware exposed to 0.021 (v/v), 1, 1-DCE in air, serua alanine-alpba-ketogluta ca te-tran saainaee (ART) activity was elevated about 50-fold 2 nr after a tt-hr inhalation exposure. Exposure of fasted rats to 0,1% VCB (v/v) had no effect on serua AKT. when 0.021 1, 1-DCE and 0.11 VCR were adsmistered simultaneously to fasted rats for * hr, no injury was found in the animals killed and assayed 2 hr later. It was concluded that 0,H VCB prevented 1, 1-DCE injury. These data lay prove useful for research on aechanisns of hepatotoxicity, HEPATOTOXICITY; ISTEBlCTION i RAT J VIRYL CHLORIDE ROROHEP <26> Jaeger, R.J.; conolly, R.8.; durphy, s.D. Diurnal variation of hepatic glutathione concentration and its correlation with i, i-dichloroethylane inhalation toxicity in rats. Fes* CORiun. Chea. Pathol. Pharuacol, 6(2): 65-*71 (1 973) . Lethal effects and hepatotoxicity were increased in 18-hr fasted rats after inhalation exposure to 1, 1-dichloroethylene (1, 1-DCE). Hepatic glutathione (G5H) concentrations decreased in fasted anieals. Day-night variation m hepatic GSH concentration was studied in both fed and fasted rats. The sinisus GSR concentration in fed rats occurred between 7 pa and 1 ai. The maximum hepatic GSB concentration occurred between 7 as and 1 pa. Fasted rats had less diurnal variation. In 2 groups of fed rats exposed to a concentration of 2,000 ppa of 1, 1-DCE, the aniials with an exposure time period between 10 pi and 2 as (low hepatic GSH concentration) were sore susceptible to 1, 1-DCE Induced liver injury and lethality. RAT; LIVER; TOXICITY; PASTING; INHALATION <27> Jaeger, r.j.j conolly, R.B.; Hurphy, S.D. Effect of IS hr fast and glutathione depletion on 1, l-dichloroethyiefle-induced hepatotoxicity and lethality m rats. Exp. hoi. Pathol. 20: 1?7- 198 (1 =7*) . Pcur-hour inhalation exposure to 1, 1-dichloroethylene (1, 1-vinylidene chloride) was sore injurious to 18-hr fasted rats than to fed rats. The estimated 2* hr LC50 for fed rats vas 1!, 000 ppm while the same value for fasted rats vas 600 ppa. The minimus lethal concentration was 200 ppm for fasted rats and 10, 000 ppa for fed rats. Elevated serum alamne-alpha-keto-glutarate transasisase (AkT) vas seen at 150 ppm in fasted rats but only at 2, 0CC ppa in fed rats, and preceded hepatic necrosis and death, Hepatic injury was oroportional to hepatic glutathione (GHS) depletion caused by fasting. If applied to humans, these findings would suggest that GHS depletion in sight-shift workers exposed to 1, i-dichloroethylene could result in an enhanced work-related injury. TCXICITT; FAT; LIVER; FASTING SL 065430 17 <28> Jaeger, R.J.; Conolly, 1.8.; flurphy, s.C. short-term inhalation toxicity ct halogenated hydrocarbon*. Effects on fastinq rats. Arch. Environ. Health 30; 26-31 (1976). VidtI chloride monomer (VC) and 1, 1-dichloroethylene (DCE) were administered (short-tern inhalation) simultaneously to fed and fasted rats, and serum alanine-alpbm-ketoqlutarate-tra ntaminase (ART) activity determined. VC was not toxic at 1,122 cpd in fasted rats; DCS produced injury at 205 ppa. The combined exposure of 1,056 ppi VC with 195 pci DcE in a aolar ratio of 5 to 1, protected fasted rats froa DCE injury. Simultaneous exposure of fasted rats to 12,093 ppm VC and 1,97i cci vet did not increase either seruu AKT or sorbitol dehydroqenase (SDK), vinyl chloride was therefore antagonistic to the bepatctoxic effect of DCE, nrobably by a competitive interactioc. RAT; HE PATCTOXICITY; PASTING; ANTAGONlSfl <29> Jaeqer, R.J.; Cobdly, R , B.; Reynolds, E.S.; surchy, S.D. Biocheaical toxicology of unsaturated fcalogenated lonoaers. Environ. Health Perspect. 11: 121-125 (1575). Effects of inhalation exposure tc vinyl chloride monomer (VC); 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DC); or 2-chlorc-1,3-butadiene (2-C0D) were studied in fed and fasted rats. Within 2 hr after a 4 hr inhalation exposure to 200 ppa 1,1-dce, fasted rats developed distinctive norpholoqxca1 changes in liver cells. In fed rats the hepatotoxicity was qreater during the niqht, time of glutathione (GHS) depletion. Pasted rats were nore sensitive to 1,1-DCE and 2-CBD. Diethyl ualeate (DEH) , which depletes GHS in fed rats, potentiated the henatotexicity of 1,1-DCE and 2-C8D. Acetone exposure (10,000 ppa) enhanced the hepatotoxic response, while cysteine (500 aq/kg) protected the animals against lethality and serum ART elevation. Both the time course and dose response data suggested that 2-CPD was a less potent and less rapid hepatotoxic than 1, 1-DCE, No fed-fastinq difference and nc be patotoxicity were found with VC. Protection against 1,1-DCE was found in rats exposed to VC, which suggests a competitive interaction. The results of this research encourage future investigation in exposure of night shift workers to hepatotoxic cheaicals like 1,1-DCE or 2-CBD. Food intake patterns and conditions such as alcoholism and diabetes are some factors worth further study. BAT; INHALATION; LIVER; TOXICITY; PASTING <30> Jaeger, R.J.; flurphy, S.D. Alterations of barbiturate action following 1, 1-dichloroethylene, corticosterone, or acrolein. Arch. Int. Pbmrmmcodyn. 205: 281-292 ( 1973). 1, 1-Dichloroethrlene (1, 1-DCE) prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time in rats between 2 and U hr after oral administration with no liver mjurv but did not affect hexobarbital sleeping time. Corticosterone prdonged pentobarbital sleeping time only. Acrolein prolonged both pento- and hexobarbital sleeping time. The echanisw of these effects differed. 1,1Dichloroethylene altered the absorption or distribution of pentobarbital. The action of pentobarbital was sore easily altered by changes in absorption, distribution, or increased CNS sensitivity than was the action of hexobarbital. RAT; BARBITURATES; RETABOLISN < 21> Jaeger, R.J.; Trabulus, N. J. ; flurphy, S.D. Biochemical effects of 1, 1-dichloroetnylene m rats: Dissociation of its hepatotoxicity free a lipoperoxidative mechanism. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 24(3): 457-467 ( 1973). A comparison was made of the ability of 1,1-dichloroethylene (1, 1-DCE) and carbon tetrachloride (Cci4) to stimulate 1ipoperoxidation both in vivo and in vitro. The results, following oral administration of 100-600 mg 1, 1-DCE/ kg to rats, indicate that 1,1-DCE causes hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) depression, serum alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (5AKT) elevation, hepatic triglyceride (HTG) elevation and pentobarbital sleeping time (PST) prolongation. 1,1-DCE was dissimilar to CC14 in terms of a proposed 1 ipoperoxidetive mechanism. LITER; RAT J ENZTHE; LIPOPERQXIDATION <32> Jaeger, R.J.; Trabulus, n.J.; flurphy, S.D, The interaction of adrenalectomy, partial adrenal replacement therapy, and starvation with hepatotoxicity and lethality after 1, i-dichloroethylene intoxication. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 25: 491, lbs. 1 33 ( 1 973). Several stress-re la ted factors were studied in the modifications of acute lethality and hepatotoxicity in rats after 1, 1-dichloroethylene intoxication, following a single oral dose (400 mg/kg) of 1, 1-DCE, both adrenalectomized (ADX) and sham rats bad siiilar 24-hr mortalities, but ADX resulted in an apparent decrease of liver inlury. Corticosterone (CS) treatment resulted in a slight decrease of lethal effects of 1, 1-DCE in both ADX and sham rats. Prolonged (45 hr) fasting also potentiated hepatic injury. The estimated 4*hr inhalation LC5C of 1, 1-DCI in fed rats was between 10,000 and 15,000 ppm, whereas the LC50 in fasted rats was between 500 and 2500 ppm. LIVER; RAT; ADRENAL; FASTING <3 3> Jenkins, L.J., Jr.; Trabulus, J.; flurphy, S.D, Effect of adrenalectomy and phenobarbital pretreataent on the toxicity and biochemical effects of 1,1-dichlocoethylene. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 19: 391 abs, 76 (1 97 1), 1, 1-Dichloroethylene (vinylidene chloride) used in industry in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers, has been identified as a contaminant of closed atmospheres such as nuclear submarines and spacecraft, vinylidene chloride is both a CNS depressant and bemtotoxic. To clarify these biochemical effects, 500 wg/kg of 1,1-dichlocoethylene were administered orally tc ale rats, liver alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and liver tyrosine transaeinase (TT) activity were increased. Plasma alanine transaminase (AT) and plasma AP activities were also increased. A depression of liver glucose -6- phosphatase activity was noted. SL 065431 18 <33> COIT. Adreaalsetony ig-tn days prior to thm experiment and pfaeoobartital presentment fer 5 day* reduced the toxicity of 1# 1-diehloroethylene. fat; toxicity; ebzthE; amaousH <34> Jenkins, L.J., Jr.; Trabulus, H.J.; Murphy, 5.D. Biochemical effects of 1,1-dichloroethy leee in rats: Comparison with carbon tetrachloride and 1P2-dichlotoethvlenm. Tcxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(3) : `01-510 (1972) . The biochemical effects of oral administration of 1.1- dichloroethylene (1,1*DC8) in rats mere compared with the effect* of carbon tetrachloride <cc 141 and 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2-dce). Pollowinq adainistration of 1 , 1-DCS a depression of liver qlucose-6-pboaphatase (G-6-Paae) activity, and increased activities of liver alkaline phosphatase (AF), tyrosine transaminase (TT), and of nlassa AP and alanine transaiinase (AT) were observed. The effects caused by 1.1- DCS were sillier but sore pet--- than effects caused by ccltt, with feiale rats susceptible to 1,1 - ECE than sales. Altered - ts from phenobarbitel pretrsataect and a - lectoay were also studied. FAT; EEZYHE; SOLVEMT; HETABOLISH <35> Kovalev , o.A.; Blinova, T.S.; Severovoatokova, V.I.; Broitean, A.Ta. (Hygienic asseaasent of some cratinqs for concrete vats for saaerkraut). Gig. Sanit. <H?q. Sanit. ) 35 (182-104) (1970). Tests performed with aqueous extracts of Ehs-76 varnish (a copolymer of vinyl and vinylideoe chlorides, dissolved in a airfare of acetone, butyl acetate, and toluene) iheved a slow increase of weiqht for female mice and rats after 10 months, delayed excretion Of sodioa benxoate, and pronounced dystrophic lesions of tha internal organs, especially that of the liver. The copolyier had been used as a coating in concrete vats for the storage of sauerkraut. Puss.; Enq. Transl. RAT; BICE; VARRISH; COPOLIHEfi; LIT EH; TOXICITY <36> Lehsan, A.J, Chemicals in foods: A report to the Association of Food and Drug Officials on current developments. Assoc. Food Drug officials cr.s. Quart Bull. 15: 82-89 (1951) Mew pharaacoloqy data (uareported) are used to classify a nuaber of food additives as tollable or unsuitable, included in the food packaging materials, and eonsidersd suitable, in vioylidene chloride. Suitability ia based on the low solubility of the resin cosponemts of the plastic fils so as to be eonsidersd tozlcologically insiqnifleant as a food contauisant. in "ansuitable" list of chesicals in food is also given. POOD ADDITIVE; CLASSIFICATZOR <37> HcBiroey, fi.S. Trichloroethylene and dichloroethylenm poisoning. Arch. lad. Occun. Bed. 10(2); 130-133 (1954). Ryg. D ichloroet hyle ne (DCE) was used to extract oil from fish livers in vessels which contained each 25 gal. of DCE. The vessels, 24 in. in diameter, were not provided with exhaust air ventilation or a cover, which resulted in a great aaount of evaporation of the solvent into the workroom air. A 35 year old male worker, supervising the operation 9 hr a day and in constant exposure to the vessels, complained of nausea, vomited several times and appeared intoxicated within a few days after being hired. Be was taken to the hospital where he died of congestion of brain, heart, kidneys and spleen, lung emphysema and bronchopneumonia, and liver degeneration. TOXICITY; SOLVENT; LUHGS; LIVER; QCCDPATIOBIL EXPOSURE; CASE REPORT < 38> Newman, D.R., Ed. Another potential vinyl chloride-like scare... Toxic Hatenal News 1 (15): 1 13 (1 974). Attention is directed to the potential hazards vinylidene chloride, which is used in the production of Satan and other clear plastic wrappings. cf F1A5TIC; INDUSTRIAL HTGIEV' <39> ott, n.G.; Langner, R.R.; Bolder, b.b. vinyl chloride exposure in a controlled mdaatrial environment. A long-term mortality experience in 594 employees. Arch. Environ. Health 30(7); 333-339 (1 975). in a long-term study, Dow Chemical Conpany (Bedical Dept.) examined tbe mortality rate of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (I) and lesser aaounts of vinylidene chloride (IX). The analytical strategy was to ezanine the relationship between taaot incidence and the highest levels of exposure to I and II experienced by the employers. Data were initiated in 1950 and surveys of the work environment were continuously updated and recorded through 1974. Job classifications were categorized as low (< than 25 ppm), intermediate (25 to 200 ppm), or high (> 200 ppm) mxposure levels, based on estimated tine-weighted average concentrations for an eight-hour day. in the analvsis, duration of exposure was separated into two categories: <1 year exposure and 1 plus year exposure, observed deaths aaong V.C. workers were 91% of the expected deaths. Total malignant neoplasas were 13 versos 16.0. Of the 13 walignancies, 9 were observed in the higher exposure group. The distribution of the ealignant neoplasms with respect to exposure category suggests a possible dose*response rela tionshio. MORTALITY; OCCOPATIOIAL EXPOSURE; CASE REPORT; CARCER <40> Piat.t, v.R. Chenical constituents of nuclear SL 065432 19 <40> con. submarine atmosphere*. Part 1. Quantitatively identified. Environmental Biology, Altman, P. i.; Dittmet, D.S* (Sda.) Federation of American societies for Experimental Biology. HD; (05A) 327-328 (19661. Thirty-two compounds were quantitatively identified as cheeical constituents of nuclear submarine ataospheres. The highest concentration of vinylidene chloride norsally found Hi 2 ppi. CORTAHIHAMTj SOBHARIRES <41 > Prenderaast, J.A.; Jones, R.A.; Jenkins, L. J., Jr-; Siegel, J. Effects on experimental animals of long-teri inhalation cf trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, dicnlorcdifluoroaethane, and 1, i-dichloroethylene. Toiicol, Appl. Pharaacol. 10 I 23 : 270- 209 ( 1967) . Rats, quiDea pigs, doqs, rabbits, a ai acnkeys were exposed to the title compounds, inhalation exposures were either continuous (90 days), to simulate submarine conditions, cr repeated for 9 hrs/day, 5 da vs/week for 6 weeks to sisic industrial exposures. Parameters included eortalitv, toxicity, and biological changes. As a result of 1, 1-dichloroethylene repeated exposure (395 >g/s3) no annals died and no visible siqns of toxicity were observed: guinea oiq serua urea nitrogen concentration was norial. Liver dasaqe was also noticed at this concentration. Significant sortality was found in continuous exposures to 1,1-dichloroethylene at 109, 101, and 61 aq/a3. Growth depression in varying deqrees was found in all continuous exposures, serua urea nitrogen levels were in their control lints. Significant elevations of serua glutaaic-pyruvic trahsasinaae and liver alkaline phosphatase activities and liver danage was found in rats and guinea pigs with continuous exposure to 189 aq/m3 of 1,1-dichloroethyleoe. AHIHAL; INHALATIOH; fOUCITT; MORTALITY <42> Reinhardt, P.C. Chem. Eng. Sews Handling vinylidene chloride, 25(30): 2136 (1974). When vinylidene chloride (X) is stored at temperatures between ainus 40 degrees and plua 25 degrees C in the presence of air, a peroxide cob pound which is violently explosive is foraed and aay act as a polymerization catalyst. Any polyaer containing aore than 151 of the peroxide will, if dry, detonate free a slight mechanical shock or from heat. Phenol-type polymerization inhibitors are recommended for storage of I. Residues of I in industrial equipment should be destroyed by washing in hot water. Vapor exposures to I and or repeated contact with the skin should be avoided because cf its tcilcity. STORAGE; EXPLOSIVE; HAWDLlMG; TOXICITY; SAFETY <43> Reynolds, E.S.j Hosleo, H.T-; Szabo, S.; Jaeger, R.J.; Hurphy, 5.D. Hepatotoxicity of vinyl chloride and 1, 1-dichloroethylene. Role of nixed function oxidase system. Aaer. J, Pathol, 81(1) : 219-231 (1975) , A single 5-hr exposure to 5% vinyl chloride onoaer (VC) produces acute liver injury in phenobarbital-pretreated rats. Phenobarbital induces the cytochroie P-450-cemteted eultienzyee systea located in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver parenchymal cells, thus potentiating the hepatotoxicity of VC. 1,i-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and trichloroethylene (TC2) also cause hepatic injury, but different froa that caused by vc. Various xenobiotics (enzyme inducers) including phenobarbital and Aroclor, were given to rats (4 00 u aoles/kg). After 6 days rats were exposed to 200 ppa (0.02%) 1, l*DCE for 4 hr or 5C,000 opa (5%) VCH for 6 hr. Heoatic injury and necrosis were higher in the phenobarbital-pre trea ted animals exposed to VC. Exposure of pretreated aniaals to 1,i-DCE produced injury to the hepatic plasma aeabranes, litochondcia, and nuclear chronatin but spared endoplasnc reticulum. Thus, induction of cytochroae P-450 appears to protect the liver against 1, 1-DCE but not against VC. ENZYME; LIVER; TOXICITY; RAT; INTERACTION < 4U> Rcubal, J. Vinylidene chloride. Encyclopaedia of occupational Health and safety, international Labour Office, Geneva 2; 1463 (1972). Chemical and physical properties, toxicity of vapor inhalation, and skin irritation of vinylidene chloride are given. Pure vinylidene chloride between -40 degrees C end +25 degrees c in the presence of air or oxygen will fora an explosive peroxide. Vapors of vinylidene chloride are irritating to the eyes and contact of the liquid with skin should be avoided. Tieatment entails renoval froa the inhalation source or washing of contaminated skin. PROPERTIES; TOXICITY; EXPLOSIVE <45* Rylova, H.L. dichloride). aDd Toxicol.) 47, 11 5591) (Toxicity of 1,1-ethene faraakol. Toksikol. (Pharmacol. 0SSR 16( 1): 42*44 (1953). (CA At concentrations ranging froa 0.5 to 45 ag/1, 1,1-ethene dichloride is mildly narcotic to mice, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs, vinylidene chloride is highly volatile, with a lethal vapor concentration of 15 ag/1 (mice). Human corneal mucosa and respiratory passages are affected at 0.1 mg/1. In vapor fora, it causes hyperemia of laryngeal and puLmonary mucosa, and dermal erythema in 5 minutes. Russ.; Eng. Transl. VAPOR; TOXICITY < 46> Sax, if, i, vinylidene chloride. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Van Nostrand Feinhold Co., m 3rd ed., p. 1229 (1969). Vinylidene chloride is dangerous when exposed to heat or flame* The disaster hazard is rated as highly dangerous because it reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials. A list of countermeasures (ventilation control, storage and SL 065433 20 <46 > con. handling, and skipping regulations) it included. STORAGE; BAIDLIBG <7> Severs, L.w.; Skorv, L.K. Monitoring personnel exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and nethvl chloride in an industrial sort enviroment. Aser. ind. Hyg. Assoc, j. 36(9): 669-676 ( 1975). The 1974 OSHA exposure standard stated that the permissible eiqbt hoot average exposure to vinyl chloride (?C) is not over 1 pps, with a ceiling of 5 pps per sespling period* I study vas undertaken to develop a reliable sethod for long and short tern personnel saspiinq and analysis of vinyl chloride (I), vinylidene chloride (II), and ethyl chloride (III). Of the various commercially available carbona, Pittsburg PCB 12 x 30 Activated Carbon# cocoa nut carbon, vas found the tost suitable for the personnel saaolinq technique. Cne gra* in a steel tube can be used to collect (I), (II), and (III). The carbon is further desorbed vith C3, at dry ice tepperature, or by thersal desorption. AN ALT SI S; OCCOPATI0IAL BXPC50HE; MONITORING <49> Siegel, J.; Jones, B* A. j Coon, B*A,; Lyon, J.P. Effects on experimental aainls cf acute, repeated and contiououa inhalation sxposures to dichloroacetylene aixtures. Toxicol. Appl. Phareacol. 18: 168-174 (1971). The 4-hr LC50 of a dichloroacetylene'trichloroethylene nixtare (DCA-Tct) in rats vas cospared vith the LCSO of trichlocoethvlene, carbon tetrachloride, sethyl chlorofors, and vinylidene chloride. L<50 of vinylidene chloride vas detersined to be 6,350 pps for rats, vith a sortality ratio of 1/16 at 4,900 pps, and 7/16 at 6,150 pps. BAT: CHLCRIIATED HTDR0CARP0I5; MJITDRE5; TOXICITT <49> Siletchnik, L.8.; Carlson, G. P. Cardiac sensitizing effects of 1, l-dichloroethylene; Enhancesent by phenobarbital pretrsatsent. Arch- Int. Pharnacodyn. 210: 359-164 (1974). Bats vere in lacted vith epinephrine at a dose of u uq/kq and then exposed to DCE (26,000 ppn plus or sinus 700 ops) for 10 sin* or sots. Another qroup vas exposed to DC* alone and did sot receive epinephrine. In phenobarbital (PB) nretreatnent studies, one anlsal in a pair of the same veight vas pretreated with PB (50 sq/kg ip for 4 data) and the control rmt received saline. Althonqh the dose of 4 ug/kg failed to induce cardiac atrythaias in air-exposed aniaals, 0.5 uq/kg did so io rats expesed to PCB. This cardiotoxicity vas farther enhanced in rats ere treated vith PB, vith a lover epinephrine dose required for severe aerfthnias than in controls. Since PB induces the enzysatic setabolisa of foreign substances, some netabolite of ECE say be responsible for the increased cardiotoxicity. CIRDIOTCXICITT; ARRTTHMIA; PHEBC F AB BIT AL; EPINEPHRINE; RAT < 50> Sporn, A.; Clrstea, A.; Dinu, I.; Ghizelea, L.G.; Stoenescu, L, (Contributions to investigations os the toxicity of vinylidene chloride polymer extracts). Igiena 1^(10): 597-594 (1970). Aqueous and oil extracts of vinylidene chloride copolyser vere tested in eice and rats. Adainistration of the aqueous extract in Sot drinking water for 60 days produced a decrease cf 13-171 in aldolase, glutasic oxalacetic transasinase, succinoxidaae, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, vithout affecting blood picture, succindehydrogenase activity, and the adrenal ascorbic acid content. The oil extract (8t in the food) did not have any effect on the annals. The alterations produced by the aqueous extract are attributed to the presence of chlorhydrin in the plastic mass. Ron. ; Eng. suss. COPOLYMER; TOXICITT; SAT; BICE; EXTRACT <51> Stecher, P.G., (Ed.) Vinylidene chloride. Merck index. Merck and Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ ed., 1 109 (1968) . The 8th Chenical and physical properties of vinylidene chloride are given. An iotersediate m the production of vinylidene polyner plastics such as Saran and Velon, its toxicity is reported as irritant to the sucous seibranes, narcotic in high concentrations, and the toxic agent of kidney and liver injuries in husans and experimental aninals. Vinylidene chloride polyaerizes to a plastic: uncontrolled polymerization say lead to explosion. Preservation of the sonoaer requires inhibitors. TC1ICITT; HOMAN; ANIMAL < 52> Stewart, R.D.; Dodd, H.C.; runcan, S. E.; E.E. Diagnosis of solvent poisoning. 193(13); 1 097-2000 ( 1965) . Holder, JAMA Solvent poisoning or exposure can be rapidly diagnosed by breath analysis. For identification of unknown solvents, the breath is collected in a 10-litec plastic bag and analyzed by infrared spectrometry. Once the identity of the solvent is known, breath collection and analysis techniques are simplified. Snail breath samples are collected in 10 to 50 si glass pipettes and analyzed in small aliquots by vapor phase chromatography. A table of data obtained by infrared analysis lists the solvents lost cosaonly present in the expired breath cf exposed workers (Dow Cheiical Co.) up to several weeks after exposure, and the einiaos asount which aust be present in the breath for identification. Vinylidene chloride can he identified as a concentration of 0.i ppn (vapor phase chromatographic sensitivity) and 5 ppm (ieftated sensitivity) vith an infrared analytical wavelength of 12*60 ug* The rate of excretion or "decay" of a solvent in the breath is dependent afen the rate at which the compound is metabolized; each solvent possesses a characteristic excretion or "decay" curve in breath, serial breath analyses following solvent exposure produce an excretion curve, which nay be <52> CORT. coa pared to excretion corm of known quantities ic order to dtrine if a potentially toiic a Boost of solvent has baas absorbed. S0LVE1TJ BPElTH; 1R1LYSIS <53 > von OettiLQan, W. F, 1,1-dichloroethylene The Haloqenated Aliphatic, Olefinic, cyclic, Arovetic, And Aliphatic-Aroaatic Hydrocarbons Ir.cludinq The Halogesated insecticides, Their Toxicity And Potential Dangers. O.S. Oepartsent of Health, Education and ielfare Publication No. 414 1 96-200 ( 1955) . vinylidene chloride polyserixes rapidly and is therefore the basic eonoaer used in tbe aanufacture of plastic pclyaers. If Kept at teaoetatures between -40 degree C and +25 degree C in the presence of air or oxygen it fctas a potentially explosive peroxide cospound that requires careful handling, Vinylidene chloride therefore should not be handled cr stored in the oresence of air. PEROXIDE: FINDLING; EXPLOSIVE 21 <54> essling, B.; Edvards, F.G. Vinylidene chloride. Kirk-otheer Encyclopedia of cheaical Technology, Standen, a. (Ed.), Interscience Publishers, R.Y. 2nd ed., 21: 275-303 (1970). The physical properties, aanufacture, analysis, and safety of vinylidene chloride are given. For repeated exposures (Ehr/day, 5 days a week) the vapor concentration of vinylidene chloride should be belov 25 dp*. Single exposure of 1000 ppa for up to one hr or 200 ppe for up to 6 hr will probably be safe. Single exposure to a high concentration (4,000 ppa) even for a few unutes can be dangerous and produce liver and kidoey injury. Skin and eye contact with vinylidene chloride should be avoided. Vinylidene chloride reacts with air or oxygeo to fare a peroxide ccvoound which is violently explosive. Residues of vinylidene chloride should be handled with care and peroxides destroyed by washing with water at roow teipecature. PROPERTIES; NAROFACTORE; ANALTSIS ; TOXICITY 43b SV o>^ 23 AUTHOR INDEX 25 iqr&Doraltii, z.H. 1 Allen, T.B. 2 American Conference of Gofer mental Industrial tJTgieniete 3 Anderson, w,l. 4 AnoDTions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Bando. B.H. 10 Barr, 8. P. 11 Bartsch. H. 12 Blinofa, T.. 35 Sroitaan, A,la. 35 Broser, P, 13, 22 C 9E H 14 Carlsoi, G.p. 15, 49 Carpenter, C.P. 16 Chaudet, j, h. 23 Chivers, c.p. 17 Christensen, H.E. 18 Cirstea, A. 50 Conollv, B.B. 26, 27, 28, 29 Coon, B.A. a8 Dinu, I. 50 Dodd * H.C. 52 Dotsenko, V.A. 1 Duncan, s.E. 52 Eaton, H.G. 23 ,Edvards F.G. 54 Fed. Register 19 Fuller, G.c. 15 Gaae. J*C. 20 Ghizelea, L,G. 50 Haley, T.j. 21 Henschler, D. 13, 22 Holder, B.B. 39, 52 Hopf, H.C. 13, 22 Huebnsr, . p. 23 Irish, D.0. 24 Jaeaer, B.J. 25, 26, 27, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 3 Jenkins, L.J., Jr. 33, 34 Jones, ft. A. ui , 48 Fitk, J.K. 19 KovaleT, o.A. 35 Langnec, B.B. 39 lehsan, A.J. 36 tUginbyhl, T,T. (Eds.) 19 Lyon, J.P. 48 flalateille, c. 12 HcBirney, R.S. 37 Rontesano, B. 12 Plosleb , S.T. 43 Herphy , S.D. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 31. 32 , 33 , 34 p 43 Nevaan , D.a., Ed. Ott, H. G. 39 Piatt, 7.R. 40 3 Poziani, 0. C. 16 rendergast , J.A. 41 Reinhardt, R.C. 42 Reynolds, E .S. 29, 43 Rosenbaua, I.J. Bou bal, J* 44 10 RylOTa, h.l . 45 Saunders, p . A. 4 Sax, N.I. 46 Seyero?ostoKoa, v.T. seters, L.u. 47 Shiba, 7.?. i Siegel, J. ui, 4R Siletchnik, L.8. ug Story, L. K. 47 ssyth, H.F. Jr. 16 Soeiete pour la Protection les Cultures 9 Sporn, A* 50 stecher, P.G., (Ed.) 51 Stewart, B.D. 52 Stoenescu, L. 50 Stabo, S. 43 TOiatis, L. 12 TrabQlus, j. 33 Trabulus, N.J. 31, 32, 34 tod Oettingen, s.p. 61 Watts, H. n wessling, R. 54 U'i1 0&5 27 KEYWORD INDEX 5^ I3 29 ABSORPTION 1 ADRENAL 32 AEROSOL 9 ANALYSIS 1, *7, 52, 54 ANIMAL 3, 8, 14, 18, 21, 41, 51 ANTAGONISM 28 AfiRTTHHIA 49 BARBITURATES 30 BREATH 52 CANCER 39 CARDIOTQUCITT 49 CASE SB POST 13, 17, 22. 37, 39 CELL CULTURE 10 CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS 48 CLA5SIFICATION 36 COATINGS 19 CONTAINERS 19 CONTAMINANT 2, 4, 23. 40 COPOLYMER 35, 50 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT 11 BNZTME 12, 15, 31, 33, 34, 43 FPINEPHRINE 49 EQUIPMENT 6 EXPLOSIVE 42, 44, 53 EXTRACT 50 FASTING 26, 27, 28, 29, 32 FIRE 6 FOOD 1, 19 FOOD ADDITIVE 19, 36 GAS CRBOBATOGBAPHI 23 HANDLING 22, 42, 46, 53 HEPATOTOXICITT 25, 28 ROHAN 21, 51 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 7, 21, 38 INGESTION 8, 14 INHALATION 20. 26, 29, 41 INRALATON 15 INSECTICIDE 9 INTERACTION 12, 25, 43 LEUCODERHA 17 LIPOPEBOXID ATXON 31 LIVER 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 43 LONGS 37 MANUFACTURE 5, 8, 14, 5u METABOLISM 8, 14 , 30 , 33, 34 RICE 35, 50 MIXTURES 48 MONITORING 47 MORTALITY 39, 41 MUTAGENICITY 12 NEUROTOXICITY 13, 22 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE 13, 17, 22, 37, 39, 47 PACKAGING 1 PIT ENT 9 PEROXIDE 53 PRENOBARBITAL 49 PHYSIOLOGY 24 PLASTIC 7, 10, 38 PROPERTIES 7, n, 24, 44, 54 RAT 15, 16, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 43 48,, 49,, 50 BE5EA,RCH 1"# 21 REVIE* 21 SAFETY 42 SALMONELLA 12 SOLVENT 34, 37, 52 SPACECRAFT 2, 4, 23 S PE CTROP HOTOH ETRY 11 STORAGE 42, 46 STYBENE 8 SUBMARINES 4, 40 TERATOGENICITY 8 THRESHOLD LIMIT 3 TOXICITY 3, 8, 10, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27 , 29 , 33 , 35, 37 , 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54 TUMOR 14 VAPOR 45 VABNISff 35 VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER 25 0fo^ 31 PERMUTED TITLE INDEX SL 065aa0 33 Triqeninumstoerdma bei xwei Patienten. { #Chlorierte lcetylene als Qrsache einer Irreparablen 000013 lenione of the trigeminal mct# caused by chlorinated acetylenes in tvo patients).* Patienten. (irreversible 000013 cranialis following poisoning with chlorinated acetylenes while handling vinylidene copolymers).* 000022 following 1, 1-dichloroethylene, corticosterone, or aerolelm.* Alterations of barbiturate action 000030 interpretation of results on ninety-six IThe assay of acute vapor toxicity, and the grading and 000016 dichloroacetylene Effects on experimental animals of acute, repeated and continuous inhalation exposures to 000098 irradiation of prepackaged foods,* Food additives. Packaging aaterials for use during the 000019 The interaction of adrenalectomy, partial adrenal replacement therapy, and starvation vith 000032 toxicity and biochaaical effects of 1,1- fEffect of adrenalectomy and phenobarbital pretreatment on the 000033 stareation with hepatotoxicity and fThe interaction of adrenalectomy, partial adrenal replacement therapy, and 000032 producteurs <3'aerosol* et leurs applications, (nixed aerosol products and their applications.)* Melanges 000009 and their applications.)* Melanges producteurs d* aerosols et leurs applications. (Mixed aerosol products 000009 Diffusion of soae organic and inorganic compounds in air.* 000011 zwei Patienten, (irreyersible *Chlorierte Acetylene ala Qrsache einer irreparablen Trigeminusstoerung bei 000013 dichloroethTlene# corticosterone, or acrolein,* # Alterations of barbiturate action following 1, 1 - 000030 exposures to dichloroacetylene tEffects on experimental animals of acute, repeated and continuous inhalation 000098 carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1- tEffects on expenaental aaiaals of long-term inhalation of trichloroethylene, 000041 Gas chroaatoqraph for the Apollo spacecraft, preliminary report.* 000023 interpretation of results on ninety-six chesical The assay of acute vapor toxicity, and the grading and 000016 sauerkraut).* (Hygienic assesmmeat of some cratings for concrete vats for 000035 developments.* Chemicals in foods: i report to the Association of Food and Drug Officials on current 000036 tspacecraft atmospheres, part XI. Contaainaots, * 000002 chemical constituents of nuclear submarine atmospheres, part 1. Quantitatively identified.* 000040 corticosterone, or acrolein.* Alterations of barbiturate action following 1, 1-dichloroethylene, 000030 als Orsacbe einer irreparablen Trigeninnsstoerung bei zwei Patienten. (Irreversible lesions of the 000013 and phenobarbital pretreatment on the toxicity and biochemical effects of 1,1-dichioroethylene.* 000033 Dissociation of its hepatotoxicity from a Biochemical effects of 1, 1-dichloroethylene in rats: 000031 coaoarison vith carbon tetrachloride and 1,2- Biochemical effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene in rats: 000034 onomers.* Biochemical toxicology of unsaturated halogenated 000029 of 1,1-dichlocoethylene in rats: Comparison with carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene.* effects 000034 animals of lono-ters inhalation of trichloroethylene. carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 000041 Enhancement by phenobarbital pretreataent.* Cardiac sensitizing effects of 1, 1-dichloroethylene: 000049 htdroguinone mooomethyl ether.* #Tvo cases of occupational leucoderma following contact with 000017 Toxicity in Bela cells mediated by plastic wraps.* 000010 the grading and interpretation of results on ninety-six chemical compounds.* assay of acute vapor toxicity, and 000016 Part 1. Quantitatively identified.* chemical constituents of nuclear submarine atmospheres, 000040 The subacute inhalation toxicity of 109 industrial chemicals, 000020 and Drug Officials on current developments.* Chemicals in foods: A report to the Association of Food 000036 personnel exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and aethyl chloride in an industrial work 000047 function oxidase systei.* Hepatotoxicity of vinyl chloride and 1,1-dichlotoethylene. Role of sized 000043 tvphiiurium.Tissue-mediated autagenicity of vinylidene chloride and 2-chlorobutadiene in Salmonella 000012 environment. A long-term mortality experience in ?inrl chloride exposure in a controlled industrial 000039 to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and aethyl chloride in an industrial work environment.* exposure 000047 Tinylidene chloride monomer* 000007 interaction with 1, 1-dichloroethylene.* Minyl chloride monomer: comments on its hepatotoxicity and 000025 to investigations on the toxicity of vinylidene chloride polymer extracts).* (contributions 000050 Vinylidene chloride. A review of the literature.* 000021 vinylidene chloride.* 000024 Handling vinylidene chloride.* 000042 vinylidene chloride.* 000044 vinylidene chloride.* 000051 vinylidene chloride.* 000046 vinylidene chloride.* 000005 Vinylidene chloride.* 000054 vinylidene chloride* 000006 Vinylidene chloride* 000003 Another potential vinyl chloride-like scare...* 000038 industrial work Monitoring personnel exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and aethyl chloride in an 000047 Tnqeainu&stoerang bei twei Patienten. (irreyersible Chlorlerte Acetylene als ursache einer irreparablen 000013 (irreversible lesions of the trigeainal nerve caused by chlorinated acetylenes m two patients).* Patienten. 000013 (Polyneuritis cranialis foLloving poisoning vith chlorinated acetylenes while handling vinylidene 000022 ediated mutagenicity of ?inylidne chloride and 2- chlorobutadiene in salmonella typhiauriua.* Tissue- 000012 report.* *Gas chromatograph for the Apollo spacecraft. Preliminary 000023 Evolution of materials in the domed system.* 000004 Diffusion of some organic and inorganic compounds in air.* 000011 and interpretation of results on ninety-six chesical compounds.* of acute vapor toxicity, and the grading 000016 Diurnal variation of hepatic glutathione concentration and its correlation with 1, 1- 000026 (Hygienic assessment of some cratings for conermte vats for sauerkraut).* 000035 Quantitatively identified.* Chemical constituents of nuclear submarine atmospheres. Part 1- 000040 Spacecraft atmospheres. Part II, comtamimamts. 000002 vinylidene chloride polymer extracts).* ( Contributions to investigations on the toxicity of 000050 aortality experience in *?inyl chloride exposure in a controlled industrial environment. A long-term 000039 vith chlorinated acetylenes while handling vinylidene copolymers)."polyneuritis cranialis following poisoning 000022 variation of hepatic glutathione concentration and its correlation with 1, 1-dichloroethylene inhalation 000026 of barbiturate action following 1, 1-dichloroethylene, corticosterone, or acrolein.* Alterations 000030 acetylenes while handling vinylidene (Polyneuritis cranialis following poisoning with chlorinated 000022 (Hygienic assessient of some cratings for concrete vats for sauerkraut) .* 000035 report to the Association of Food and Drug Officials on current developments.* Cheaicals in foods: A 000036 products and their applications.) `Melanges producteurs d*aerosols et leurs applications. (Mixed aerosol 000009 hepatotoxicity ^Effect of 18 hr fast and glutathione depletion on 1, 1-dichloroethylene-induced Dim^osis of solvent poisoning.* 000027 000052 (Toxicity of 1,1-ethene Bichloride).* 000095 Ethylene, 1, 1- dichioro.* acute, repeated and continuous inhalation exposures to dichloroacetylene mixtures.* on experineatal animals of carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, dlchlorodiflaorasmthane, and 1, 1-dichloroethylene.* 000018 000048 000041 tetrachloride and 1,2hepatotoxicity from a Biochemical effects of 1,1- dickloroethylene in rats: Comparison with carbon Biocheaical effects of 1, 1- diehloroethylene in rats: Dissociation of Its 000034 000031 qlutathiooe concentration and its correlation vith 1, 1- dickloroethylene inhalation toxicity in rats.* hepatic 000026 0t>5U lA 34 tatration with bepatotozicity u4 lethality after 1, 1* dichloroethylene intoxication.*replaceaent therapy, and 000032 Trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene poisoning,* 000037 * fttepatotozlcity of vinyl chloride and 1,1* dichloroethyleae. Bole of aixed function oxidase systea. 000043 i, i-tcichloroethane, diohlorodifluoroeethane, and 1, 1* dlcblotoethyleee.* carbon tetrachloride, 1, 000041 on the toxicity and biochemical effect* of 1,1- dichlotoathyla**. and phenobarbital pret rea *-nent 000033 in rata: Coaparison with carbon tetrachloride and 1,2- dlchloroethyleee. effects of 1, 1-dichiotoeth''. ene 000034 on It* hepatotoxiclty and interaction with 1, 1- dichloroethylene.* Vinyl chloride aonoaer: contents 000025 drug metabolise and the inhalation toxicity of i, i- dichloroethylene.* of modifiers of hepatic aicrosoaal 000015 *i.i- dlehloroethyleae* Effeet of 18 hr fast and qlutathione depletion on 1, 1 - dichloroethyleae-induced hepatotoxiclty and lethalitv 000053 000027 alteration* of barbitnrate action following 1, 1* dichloreathyleae, corticosterone, or acrolein.* 000030 pretreateent.* Cardiac sensitixing effect* of 1, 1- dichloroethylene: Enhancement by phenobarbital 000049 air.* Diffusion of some organic and inorganic coapounds in 0000 11 Biochemical effects of 1, 1-dichloroethylene in rats: Dissociation of its hepatotoxiclty froa a 000031 and it* correlation with 1, t-dichloroetbylene f Diunal variation of hepatic glutathione concentration 000026 Interaction of aodifinr* of hepatic aicrosoaal drag aetabolisa and the inhalation toxicity of 1, 1- 000015 in food*: A report to the Association of rood and Drog officials on current developments.* fCbemicals 000036 Patienten. ( Chlorlerte Acetylene ala Breach* eiaer irreparahlen Trigeainaastoerung bei xwei 000013 environment. A lonq-tera nortality experience in 59a employee*.*ehloride exposure in a controlled industrial 000039 Cardiac sensitizing effect* of 1, V-dichloroethylena: Bsheecehest by phenobarbital pretrestaent#* 000049 finyl chloride exposure in a controlled industrial eaviroeeeet. a long-tern nortality experience in 594 000039 chloride and lethyl chloride in an industrial work eavlreaeeat. exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene 000047 their application*.) Melange* producteurs d'aerosol* et leurs applications, (nixed aerosol products and 000009 (Toxicity of 1,1- etheee diehloride). 000045 following contact with hydroquinone aonone thy1 ether.* tTwo eases of occupational leucoderaa Ethylene, 1, l-dichloro.* BvolQtiOe of aaterials in the closed sj9tea.* 000017 0000 18 000004 industrial enriconaent* a long-ters nortality ter* lortalitr experience in 594 inyl chloride ethrl chloride in an industrial Monitoring personnel aniaals of acute, repeated and continuous inhalation experience in 59k esployees,* exposure in a controlled 000039 exposure in a controlled industrial environment. A long- 000039 exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and 000047 exposucee to dichloroacetylene aixtures.* exparinental ooooas on the toxicity of rinylidene chloride polyaer extmets).* # (Contributions to investigations 000050 toxicity of haloqenated hydrocarbon*. Effect* on festieg rats.* Short-tec* inhalation 000028 sanitary inspection of new packaging material* for food products.* irradiation of prepackaged foods.* Pood additives, packaging aaterials for use during the chenicals in foods: A report to the Association of Pood and Drug Officials on current developments.* aaterials for use during the irradiation of prepackaged foods.* *?ood additives. Packaging Official* on current developments.* #Che*icals in foods: A report to the Association of Pood and Drug 000001 000019 000036 000019 000036 rinyl chloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene. Bole of nixed fueetiee oxidase system.* Hepatotoxiclty of 000043 Preliminary report.* Gas chromatograph for the Apollo spacecraft, 000023 dichloroethylene Diurnal variation of hepatic glutathioee concentration and its correlation with 1, 1- 000026 hepatotoxiclty and lethality tBffeet of 18 hr fast and glutathioee depletion on 1* 1-dichloroethylene-induced chesical The assay of acute rapor toxicity, and the Trading and interpretation of results on ninety-six 000027 000016 Short-tera inhalation toxicity of halogeaeted hydrocarbons. Effects on fasting rats.* 000028 Biocheaical toxicology of gnsaturated kalogeaated aonosers.* Health hatards of aonoaers probed.* 000029 000014 flealth hazards of aonoaers probed.* 000014 Toxicity in with 1, 1-dichloroethylene Diurnal variation of toxicity of 1, 1- Interaction of nodifiers of BeLe cells mediated by plastic wraps.* hepetic glutathione concentration and its correlation hepatic aicrosoaal drug aetabolisa and the inhalation 0000 10 000026 000015 Vinyl chloride nonoaet: consents on its hepatotoxiclty and interaction with 1, 1- 000025 adrenal replacesent therapy, and starration vith bepatotoxicity and lethality after 1, 1- 000032 glutathione depletion on 1, l-dlchlocoetbylene-induced bepatotoxlcity and lethality in rats.*of 19 hr fast and 000027 of 1, 1-dichloroethylene in rats; Dissociation of its bepatotezlcity froa a lipopetoxidatxve aechanisa.* dichloroethylene. Bole of nixed function oxidase Bepatotozicity of vinyl chloride and 1,1- dlchloroethylene-induced hepatotoxiclty tEffect of 18 br fast and glutathione depletion on i, 1- Short-ten inhalation toxicity of haloqenated bydrocarbSM. Effects on fasting rats.* cases of occupational laucodersa following contact with bydroqolBoee aonoiethyl ether.* ATwo for sauerkraut).* < Kyfieeic assesssent of some eratings for concrete vats nuclear subaarine atsospherea. Part 1* Quantitatively identified#* *Cheaical constituents of The subacute inhalation toxicity of 109 iadaetrial chemicals.* experience in rinrl chloride exposure in a controlled industrial environment. A long-term mortality chloride, vinylidena chloride and aethyl chloride la an Led ust riel work environment.* exposure to vinyl experiseatal aniaals of acute, repeated and continuous Isbelatioe exposures to dichloroacetylene mixtures.* ou 1, 1, 1- Effects ou axperisental aniaals of loag-tars ieheletiee of trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and its correlation with 1, 1-dichloroethylaa* Izbalatloe toxicity in rats.* glutathione concentration 000031 000043 000027 000028 000017 000035 000040 000020 000039 000047 000048 000041 000026 Effects on fasting rats.* Shott-tsra iBbalatioe toxicity of balogenated hydrocarbons, nodifiers of hepatic aicrosoaal drug aetabolisa aad the lebuiatioe toxicity of 1, 1-dichloroethylene* 000029 of 000015 The subacute labelstlae toxicity of 109 industrial cheiicals.* 000020 Diffusion of some organic and isorgaaic coapounds in air.* 000011 * sanitary laspertlna of new packaging aaterials for food products, 000001 replacement therapy, and starvation with *The ieteractioa of adrenalectoay, partial adrenal chloride eonoeer: coaaents oa its hepatotoxiclty and interaction with 1, 1-dichloroethylene.* tvinyl metabolise and the inhalation toxicity of 1, 1* Interaction of aodifiers of hepatic sicrosoaal drug The assay of acute ?epor toxicity, aad the grading and ioterpsetetioa of results on ninety-six chemical and lethality after 1, 1-dichloroethylene Lstoxicatioe.* and starvation with hepatotoxiclty Pood additive*. Packaging satarials for use during the irradiation of prepackaged foods.* lrrewersible Chlorlerte Acetylene als Drsache miner LrrepeEabl.ee Trigeainusstoerung bei xwei Patienten. ( irreparahlen Trigeainaaatoorang bei xwei Patienten. ( irreversible lesions of the trigeninal nerve caused by Trigealnusstoeruag bei xwei Patienten. (irreversible lesios* of the trigeminal nerve caused by chlorinated therapy, and starvation with hepatotoxiclty and lethality after 1, 1-dichloroethylene intoxication.* on 1, 1-dichloroethylene*induced hepatotoxiclty aad lethality in rats.*18 hr fast and glutathione depletion aoaoaethyl ether.* *7*0 casea of occupational leucedexse following contact with hydroquinone applications,)* Phalanges producteurs d'neroeols t lean applications. (Mixed aerosol products and their in rats: Dissociation of its hepstotoxicity from a Upepecexidetiv* aechanisa.* of 1, 1-dichloroethylene Tinylidene chloride. A review of the literature. * sanitary inspection of new packaging tterlal* for food products.* foods.* Pood additives. Packaging Materials for use during the irradiation of prepackaged 000032 000025 000015 000016 000032 000019 000013 000013 000013 000032 000027 000017 000009 000031 000021 000001 0000 19 SL 065442 35 Evolution of saterials in the closed systee.* Ci undertakes sonoaer study.* 000004 000008 of its hepatotoxicity froi & lipoperoxid&tive aekaila.* 1* 1-dichloroethylene in rats: Dissociation 000031 Toxicity in HeLa colls satiated by plastic wrap*.* 000010 chlorobutadieme 1b salmonella typhliurlui .* Tissue- seriated sutaganicity of vinylidene chloride and 2* 000012 Hiltd aerosol product* tod tbtlr applications.)* * Helaaqes producteurs d'aerosols et leurs applications. ( 000009 lotoraction of modifier* of hepatic aicroaomal drug setabollsa and the inhalation toxicity of 1, 1- 000015 exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylideae chloride and ethyl chloride in an industrial work environseut. * 000047 of 1, 1* tinttract Ion of todifiet* of hapatic lcrososal drug setaboliss and the inhalation toxicity 000015 of vinvl cblorldt and 1,t-dichlotoethylene. Bolt of slxed function oxidase systea.* Hepatotoxicity 000043 Htlanqts producteurs d'atrotola at lours applications. ( Mixed aerosol products and their applications*)* * 000009 continuous inhalation exposure* to dichloroacetylen* nixtures.* experimental aniaals of acute, repeated and 000048 inhalation toxicity of l, 1- tinttraction of agdlfic of hepatic licrosoeal drug setabolise and the 000015 iaylidtnt chloridt and methyl chloridt in an oaitotimg personnel exposure to vinyl chloride, 000047 hca undertakes eosoear study.* 000009 lyinylidtnt chloridt aouoeer* 000007 with 1, l-dichlorothyitn.* Vinyl chloride aoaoaet: consents on its hepatotoxicity and interaction 000025 Health hazard a of eoaoseta probed.* 000014 Blochtaleal toxicology of unsatnrattd halogenated monomer*, * 000029 leucoderne following contact with hydroquinone aoaoaetliyl ether.* Two cases of occupational 000017 in a controlled industrial environment. A long-tern mortality experience in 59u employees.* exposure 000039 chlorobutaditne in Saltonelle Tissue-mediated uteqenietty of ylnylidene chloride and 2- 0000 12 xwei patitnten. (Irreversible lesions of the trigeminal aorvm caused by chlorinated acetylenes in two patients), 000013 and the aradinq and interpretation of results on miaoty-six cheeical compound*.*of acute vapor toxicity, 000016 identified.* *Cheileal constituents of BQclear subaarine atiospheres. Part 1. Quantitatively 000040 hydrooulnone sonoiethyl ether.* tTwo cases of occupatlosal leucodersa following contact with 000017 in foods: A report to the Association of Food and Drug Officials on current developnents,* Chemicals 000036 Diffusion of soat orgaaic and inorganic cospounds in air.* 000011 and 1,1-dichloroethylene. Bole of elxtd function oxidase systee.* Hepatotoxicity of vinyl chloride 000043 sanitary inspection of nee packaging aaterials for food products.* 000001 prepackaged foods.* Wood additives, Packaging aaterials for use during the irradiation of 000019 Orsache elner irreparablen Triqesinosstoerunq bei ivei Petiantaa. (irreversible lesions of the trigesinal 000013 nerve caused by chlorinated acetylenes in two patients).* (Irreversible lesions of the trigesinal 000013 chloride and aethyl chloride in an fHonitorlnq paranasal exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene 000047 biocheaical effects of 1, 1-dEffect of adrenalectosy and pheaoberbltil pretreatsent on the toxicity end 000033 effects of 1, 1*dichlcroethylene: Enhancesent by pkaaobacbital pretceateent.* cardiac sensitizing 000049 Toxicity in HeLa cells nediated by plastic wraps.* 000010 vinylidene (Polyneuritis ctaniaiis following poisoeiag with chlorinated acetylenes while handling 000022 Diagnosis of solvent poisoaiag. * Trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene poisoning.* 000052 000037 investigations on the toxicity of vinylidene chloride polyaer extracts).* (Contributions to 000050 chlorinated acetylenes while handling vinylidene ( folyaeuciti* cranialis following poisoning with 000022 Another potential vinyl chloride-like scare...* 000038 Gas chroeatoqraph for the Apollo spacecraft. Fraiiaiaary report.* 000023 Packaqinq saterials for use during the irradiation of prepeckeqad foods.* tPood additives, 000019 1,1- Effect of adrenalectoiy and phenobarbital pretreatsent on the toxicity and biocheaical effects of 000033 of 1, 1-dichloroethvlene: Enhancesent by phenobarbital pratrastaant** Health hazards of tonosers probed.* *cardiac sensitizing effects 000049 000014 aerosol products and their applications.)* nelangss prodQcteer* d'aerosols et leurs applications. (Mixed 000009 d*aerosols et leurs applications. (Mixed aerosol products and their applications.)*#Helangcs producteurs 000009 Sanitary inspection of new peckaging ante rials for food products.* 000001 constituents of nuclear subaarine atiospheres. Part 1. Quantitatively identified,* fChelical 000040 of halogenated hydrocarbons. Effects on fasting rats.* Short-ters inhalation toxicity 000028 with 1, 1-dichloroethylene inhalation toxicity in rats.* glutathione concentration and its correlation 000026 induced hepatotoxicity and lethality in rats.* glutathione depletion on 1, 1-dichloroethylene* 000027 Biocheaical effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene in rats: Comparison with carbon tetrachloride and 1,2- 000034 Biocheaical effects of 1, 1-dichloroethylene in rata: Dissociation of its hepatotoxicity from a 000031 Effects on experinentsl aniaals of acute, repeated and continuous inhalation exposures to 000048 and #The interaction of adranalectony, partial adrenal replaceaaat therapy, and starvation with hepatotoxicity 000032 Vinylidene chloride. A review of the literature,* 000021 of ylnylidene chloride and 2-chlorobutadiene in Salmonella typhisuriua.* Tissue-sedlated eutagenicity 000012 products. * Sanitary inspection of new packaging aaterials for food 000001 assesssent of soee cratings for concrete vats for sauerkraut).* (Hygienic 000035 Another potential vinyl chloride-like scare...* 000038 Enhancesent bv phenobarbital pretreatnent.* #Cardiac sensitizing effects of 1, 1-dichloroethylene: 000049 Diagnosis of solvent poisoning.* 000052 Gas chromatograph for the Apollo spacecraft. Preliminary report,* Spacecraft atiospheres. Part It, Contasinants.* 000023 000002 adrenalectosy* partial adrenal replacement therapy* and starvatioe with hepatotoxicity and lethality after 1, 1- 000032 chesicals.* *The subacute inhalation toxicity of 109 industrial 000020 identified.* fchesical constituents of nuclear subaarine atiospheres. Part 1. Quantitatively 000040 Evolution of tutorials in the closed system.* 000004 1,1-dichloroethylene. Bole of nixed function oxidase system.* Hepatotoxicity of vinyl chloride and 000043 tetrachloride, ^Effects on expetisental aniaals of long- tern inhalation of trichloroethylene, carbon 000041 Effects on fasting rats,* Short- tern inhalation toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons, 000028 exposure in a controlled industrial environeent. A long* teru uortality experience in 59b employees.* chloride 000039 of 1,1-dichloroethvlene in rats: Coeperison with carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene.* effects 000034 of long-ters inhalation of trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 000041 of adrenalectosy, partial adrenal replaceeent therapy, and starvation with hepatotoxicity and 000032 2-chlorobutadiepe in salmonella typhimunum.* Tissue-mediated antigenicity of vinylidene chloride and 000012 of adrenalectosy and phenobarbital pretreatsent on the toxicity and biocheiical effects of 1,1- 000033 its correlation with 1, 1-dichloroethvlene inhalation toxicity in rats.*hepatic glutathione concentration and 000026 fasting rats-* Short-tern inhalation toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons. Effects on (Contributions to investigations on the toxicity of vinylidene chloride polymer extracts).* 000028 000050 hepatic eicrosoaal drug eetabolise and the inhalation toxicity of 1, 1-dichloroethylene.* of sodifiers of 000015 The subacute inhalation toxicity of 109 industrial chesicals.* 000020 on ninety-six cheeical IThe assay of acute vapor toxicity, and the grading and interpretation of results 000016 Toxicity in HeLa cells nediated by plastic wraps.* 000010 S^ 36 ( Toxicity of 1,1**theno dichloride).* lliocheaica 1 toxicology of unsaturated balogenntod aonoaers.* of trichloroethvleee, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1- triAlitiaUiM, dichlorodifluoroaethane, and 1, 1- on experiaental ihiitls of long-tera Inhalation of triehloroethyLose, carbon totrachloride, 1, 1, 1- Trichleiaitiyltae and dichlorosthylene poisoning.* bei tool Pat lenten. (Irreversible lotions of the trifeoinal nerve caused by chlorinated acetylenes in Chlorlerte Acetylene sis Orsache oinor irroparsblsn TrigeiiaassUigcoig bsi zwi Patientsn. (irreversible via vl idea# chloride sad 2-chlorobntadiene In Salaonella typhiourlee** Tlssns-aediatsd nutagenicity of iscx nelertakes aonoaer study.* tBioeheaical toxicology of aasatareted halogenated eonoaers.* Patiesten* (irreversible cklotiorto Acetylene sis Oteeehe einer icreperablen Trigeainunstoerung bei xwei result* on ninety-six chesical #Th# assay of scats vapor toxicity, and the grading and interpretation of t(Htgienic sssossssnt of sobs crstinqs for concrsts vote for sauerkraut).* function oxidase system.* Bspstotoxtcity of vinyl chloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene. Bole of nixed tAaothet potontisl viayl chloride-like scare...* in sn industrial work #Honitoring personnel eipoeare to vteyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and nethyl chloride envlronaent. A long-tera aortality sxporiooco in 59* f lay! chloride expoeure in a controlled industrial and interaction with 1, l-dichloroetbylene.* # Tieyl chloride sonoeer: consents on its hepatotoxlcity Monitoring norsonnsl exposure to vinyl chloride, vlnylideoe chloride and nethyl chloride ia an tyDbiaurius.* tTiasee-pediated eutagonicity of vieyliiooe chloride and 2-chlorobutadiene in Salaonella (Contributions to investigations on tbs toxicity of vliylHsai chloride polyeer extracts).* ffiandling viaylidea* chloride.* poixoninq with chlorinotsd scetylsnos whilo handling vlaylidese copolyeers).* Tiaylid--a chloride aonoaer* crenielin following fiaylldeee chloride. A review of the literature.* tinrlldees chloride.* * yiaylideee chloride.* Tlaylideee chloride.* t vleylideee chloride.* f TleylidiM chloride.* fieylideee chloride.* t Timylideoe chloride* * yieylideee chloride* following poisoning with chlorisntod acetylenes while handling vinylidene copolyeers).* cramalm chlor'.de and nethyl chloride in an industrial work environaent.* to vinyl chloride, vinylidene tv in Hein colls sedinted by plastic wraps.* sis Orsscbr lrrspsrsblsn ?r igeainusstoerang bsi twi Patientsn. (irreversible lesions of the ttigetinal Q0004S 000029 000041 ooooai 000037 000013 000013 000012 000008 000029 000013 0Q0Q 16 000035 000043 000038 0000U7 000039 000025 000047 000012 000050 000042 000022 000007 000021 000024 000005 000044 000046 000051 000054 000003 000006 000022 000047 000010 000013 SL 065AAA ADDENDUM SL 065445 39 55 Andersen. M. E. The onl toxicity of 1,1 -dichloroethylene in the rat: effects of sox, tfc, and fasting. Environ. Health Perspect. 2I:Dec. 1977, in pmt. 56 Andersen, M. E.; Jenkins. L. J. Jr. Some factors affecting the mortality of fasted rats intubated with 1,1-dichloroethylene. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 37(1).172-173. 1976. 57 Andersen. M, E.; Jones. R A.: Jenkins, L. J. Jr Enhancement of 1,1-dichloroethylene toxicity by pretreatment of fatted male rats with 2,3-ep0Xypropan-l-Ol. Drug and Chemical Toxicology l(l):63-74. 1977-78, 58 Anderson. D. Dominant lethal studies with the halogenated olefin* vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in male CD-I mice. Environ. Health Perspect 21:Dec. 1977. in press 59 Baden. J.: Wharton, R.; Hitt, B., Brinkenhoff. M ; Simmon. V., Mazze. R. Mutagenicity of volatile anesthetics. Fed. Proc 35 410. 1976. 60 Bansch. H.. Malaveille, C; Barbin. A.; Planche, G., Montesano. R. Alkylating and mutagenic metabolites of halogenated olefins produced by human and animal tissues. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 17-17, 1976 61 CA 85:104714. Bartsch. H.; Malaveille, C.: Montesano, R. Predictive value of tissue-mediated mutagenicity assays to ****** the carcinogenic risk of chemicals. IARC (Int. Ageno Res Cancer) Sci. Pub. 12:467-491, 1976 62 Bartsch, H.; Malaveille, C; Montesano, R. Human, rat and mouse liver-mediated mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in S. Typhimurium strains. Int. J. Cancer 15:429-437, 1975, 63 CA 86:44169s. Bert, M.; Guillot, J.; Guyot, A Thermal degradation of methyl methacrylate-vinyl chloride copolymers. Eur. Polvm. J. !2(9):651-655, 1976. (Fr.). 64 Birkel, T. J.; Roach, J. A.: Sphon, J. A. Determination of vinylidene chloride in Saran films by electron capture gas-solid chromatography and confirmation by mass spectrometry. J Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 60(5): 1210-1213, 1977 65 Bolt, H. M. Binding of halogenated olefins to macromolecules. Environ. Health Perspect 21:Dec. 1977, in press. 66 Bonse, G.; Urban, T; Reichert, D.; Henschler, D. Chemical reactivity, metabolic oxirane formation, and biological reactivity of chlorinated ethylene* in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 24(19): 1829-1834, 1975. 67 Conolly, R. Acute bepstotoxicity of ethylene and halogenated ethylene* after PCB pretreatments. Environ. Health Perspect 21.Dec 1977, in press. 68 Cornish, H. Influence of aliphatic alcohols on the hepatotoxic response to halogenated olefins. Environ. Health Perspect. 21:Dec. 1977. in press. 69 CA 85:154602. Fishbein, L. Industrial mutagens and potential mutagens. 1. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives. Mutat. Res. 32:267-308, 1976. 70 French, J. E.. Andersen, M, E.; Jenkins, L, J. Jr. Vinylidene chloride induced ultrastructural changes in rat liver. J. Cell Biol. 70(Pt. 2).361a, 1976, 71 Garro. A. J. Mutagenicity of halogenated olefin*. Environ. Health Perspect 21'Dec 1977, in press. 72 Greim, H., Bonse, G,. Radwan, Z ; Reichert, D.; Henschler. D. Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylene* as a function of metabolic oxirane formation. Biot hem Pharmacol. 24,2013-2017, 1975 73 BA 61:63814. Gronsberg, E. Sh. Determination of vinylidene Chloride in air. Gig. Sanit. 7.77-79, 1975. (Russ) 74 Hamada, N\; Peterson, R. E. Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on pancreatic electrolyte and protein secretion in rats. Pharmacologist 18(2):246. 1976. 75 Hamada. N,; Peterson, R. E. Effect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and electrolyte* by rat pancreas. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 39(2):185-194, 1977, 76 Harms, M. S.; Peterson, R. E ; Fujimoto, J. M.; Erwin, C. P. Increased bile duct pancreatic fluid flow in chlorinated hydrocarbon treated rats. Pharmacologist 17(2).204. 1975. 77 CA 84:131024t. Harms, M S ; Peterson, R. E.; Fujimoto, J. M., Erwin, C. P. Increased "bile duct-pancreatic fluid" flow in chlorinated hydrocarbon-treated rats. Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol. 35(I):41-49, 1976. 78 Hathway. D E Comparative mammalian metabolism of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides in relation to oncogenic potential. Environ. Health Perspect. 21-Dec. 1977, in press. 79 Henschler. D Metabolism and mutagenicity of halogenated olefins-a comparison of structure and activity. Environ. Health Perspect. 21'Dec 1977, in press 80 Henschler, D . Bonse. G., Greim, H. Carcinogenic potential of chlorinated etbylenes: Tentative molecular rules. IARC (Int. Agency Res. Cancer) Sci. Pub. 13.171-175. 1976 81 CA 86:134302j. Huffman. R. D., Desai-Greenway, P Health and environmental impacts: Task 1. Vinylidene chloride. A'775 PB-258855. 62 pages, 1976. 82 Jaeger. R J Mechanism of action, tissue distribution, and covalent binding of vinylidene chloride. Environ. Health Perspect. 21. Dec. 1977. in press. 83 Jaeger, R J , Conolly, R B : Murphy, S. D, Inhalation toxicity studies on halogenated hydrocarbons. Pharmacologist 16(2):229. 1974. 84 Jaeger. R J,. Conolly. R, B.; Murphy, S. D Toxicity and biochemical changes in rats after inhalation exposure to 1,1-dichloroethylene, bromobenzene, styrene, acrylonitrile, or 2-chlorobutadicne. Toxicol. Appl Pharmacol. 29(1):81, 1974, 85 Jaeger. R J.; Murphy, S. D. Duration of action distribution and metabolism of pentobarbital or hexobarbital after ut> si- 40 1,1-dichloroethylene, corticosterone, or acrolein. Fed. Prcn. 32i Pi D.320. 1973 86 Jaeger, R. J.; Szabo, S.. Coffman, L., Moslen. M. T,. Reynolds. E. S : Murphy. S. D. Hepatotoxtaty of 1,1-dichloroethylene: Influence of altered thyroid function in rati. Toxicol 4ppi Pharmacol 37( I ) 174-175. 1976. 87 Kilborn. R T Cancer fear cited for a 2D chemical. \?n iork Times p, 39. Oct. 5. 1974 88 Kilian. D J , Monitoring: A 269-4-11, 1975. Picciano. D J , Jacobson. cytogenetic approach. Ann CB S> Industrial 4,ad Sii 89 Kisaros. 3 M : Subbotin. A 1 Recovery of organic products and monomers in the production of plastic materials. Plan Mass\ 5 27-29. 1975. (Russ.) 90 Kramer, C G . Mutchler. J. E, The correlation of clinical and environmental measurements for workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Am Ind Hvg Assoc J 33(1)'19-30. 1972 91 Lee. C. C Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Environ. Health Perspect. 21 Dec. 1977. in press 92 Lee, C C : Bhandari, J. C , House, W B., Peters, P, J,, Woods. J S,. Dixon, R, L Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride orvinylidene chloride in rats and mice. Pharmacologist 18(2)-245. 1976 93 Leibman. K C Metabolism of halogenated olefins. Environ. Health Perspect. 21:Dec. 1977, in press. 94 CA 87;112333v. Malavcillc. C.; Blanche, G., Bartsch, H. Factors for efficiency of the Salmonellai microtome mutagenicity assay. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 17(2). 129-136, 1977. 95 Maltoni. C. Occupational chemical carcinogenesis; New facts, priorities and perspectives. IA RC (Ini. Agency Res. Cancerj Set Pub. 13:127-149. 1976 96 McCann, J.. Choi, E,, Yamasaki, E,; Ames, B. N. Detection of carcinogens in the Salmonella/ microtome test: Assay of 300 chemicals. Prot Satl Acad Set I..S.A. 72:5135-5139, 1975 97 McKenna, M. J. Pharmacokinetics of vinylidene chloride in the rat-comparison with vinyl chloride. Environ. Health Perspect 21 Dec 1977, m press. 98 Michal. J. Toxicity of pyrolysis and combustion products of polyfvinyl chloride). Fire Mater. l(2):57-62, 1976. 99 CA 85:160790r. Mitera, J.. Michal. J. Products of thermal degradation of chlorine-containing vinyl polymer*. Chem. Prvm 26(8)417-420, 1976, (Czech.). 100 BA 64:11392. Ott, M. G., Fishbeck, W A.. Townsend. J C; Schneider. E. .1 A health study of employees exposed to vinylidene chloride. J. Occup Med. 18(111:735-738, 1976 101 Rampy. L W Interim results of two-year toxicological studies in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking water or administered by repeated inhalation. Environ Health Perspect 21, Dec 19"". m press 102 Reichert. D: Bashti. \ Metabolism and disposition of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the isolated blood perfused liver of the rat. ifliimn-Schtmedehergs Arch. Pharmakol. 293(Suppl,I R64. !9',6 103 Resnolds, E S Damage to cellular membranes by chlorinated olefins with emphasis on synergism and antagonism. m iron Health Perspect. 21 Dec 19'". in press 104 Reynolds, E S.. Moslen. M T - Szabo. S Jaeger, R .1 Hepato cellular cytorrhexisThe initial lesion following 1,1-dichloroethylene and bromobenzene. Fed Proi 34i3V843, 1975. 105 Rowe v K Experience in industrial exposure control. Ann \ ) Acad Set 246-306-310. 1975 106 CA 86:21294q. Schmidt. D D., Jewett. G. L., Melcher, R G., Wessiing, R A Quantitatively analyzing substances containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile organic compounds. L.S. Paieni 3,967.928: July 6. 1976. Appl 454,032. March 22. 1974. 7 pages 107 Short, R. D Effect of various pretreatments on the acute lethality of inhaled vinylidene chloride. Environ. Health Perspect. 21, Dec 197'. m press, 108 Short, R. D., Minor. J. L: House, W B . Marcus. W . Lee, C C Continuous inhalation of 1,1-dichloroethylene by rats and mice during gestation. Pharmacologist 18(2).245. 1976, 109 Short. R, D., Winston. J, M . Minor. J, L,. Hong. C B : Seifter. .1 . Lee. C C Toxicity of vinylidene chloride in mice and rats and its alteration by various treatments. J. Toxicol Environ Health 3 913-921, 1977 110 Tardilf. R G.: Carlson, G. P.. Simmon. V, Halogenated organics in tap water A toxicological evaluation. Environ Impact Water Chlorination (Proc. Cunf., 1975). pp 213-227. 1976, 111 Van Duuren, B L Chemical structure, reactivity and carcinogenicity of halohydrocarbons. Environ. Health Perspea 21. Dec, 1977. in press 112 \an Dyke. R A. Dechlorination mechanisms of chlorinated olefins. Environ. Health Perspect 21`Dec 1977, in press, 113 V lola. P L Carcinogenicity studies on vinylidene chloride. Environ Health Perspect. 21-Dec, 1977, ]n press 114 Weisburger. E K Carcinogenicity studies on halogenated hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect. 21,Dec. 1977, in press. 115 CA 86;56!44t. Wessiing. R A Polymer monographs: Poly(vinylidene chloride).. 200 pp.. Gordon and Breach. New Y ork. New York, 1976 116 Williams, F W , Stone. J P . Eaton. H G. Personal atmospheric gas sampler using the critical orifice concept. Anal Chem. 4812) 442-445. 1976 117 CA 84:922m. Yamamoto. K Acute toxicity of the combustion products from various kinds of fibers. Z. Rechtsmed. 76(1). 11-26. 1975 SI- 065447 41 PERMUTED TITLE INDEX SL 065448 43 PEFHUTBD TITLE IVDEX after 1,1-diehloroethylene, cortic osterone, or acrolein,* metabolise of pantobarbital or hexobarbital ooooas 000094to 1,1-dlchloroethylene, bromobenzn styrene * acrylonitrile, or 2-chlorobutadiene." exposure of halogenated oleflns-a comparison of trurture an! activity.* Metabolise and autagenicity Iffect of various pretreat eents on the acute lithality of inhaled vinylidene chloride." ethylene* after F ZB pretteatments. " * Acuta hepatotoxicity of ethylene and halogenated 000079 000000100977 kinds of fiber*.* Acuta toxicity of the coibustion products froa various 0001 1*' chloride incorporated in the drink mg water or administered by repeated inhalation.writs of vinylidene 000701 of 1,1-dicaioroetbylene in the rat: eff acts of sax, age, and fasting. * tThe oral toxicity 0000 9 5 Deteraioation of vinylidene chloride in air. * 000073 olefins.* Tnflaence of aliphatic alcobol3 on the hepatotoxic response to halogenated 000068 halogenated olefins." Influence of aliphatic alcohols on the hepatotoxic response to 000068 sutagen* ml potential mutagens. I. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives.* industrial 000069 . * ielectrolytes by rat pancreas,* *Bffect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and olefins produce! oy human and aniaal tissue Alkvlating and sutagenic satabolitei of halogenated 00007? 0O0060 of vinylidene chloride in aloe and rats and its alteration by various treataents," IToxicity 000109 Hepatotoxicity of 1,1-dichloroethy lent: Influence of alters! thyroid function in rats." 000086 carbon* hydrogen and oxygen and ija antitatively analyzing substances containing element* other than 0001 06 Mutagenicity of volatile anesthetics.* 000059 of halogenated olefins product! by husan an! aniaal tissues.* Alkylating am 4 sitigenic metabolites 000060 by chlorinated olefins with eephasis on ynaroise and antagonist.* Danags to cellular tetbranes 000103 for efficiency of the Stlionella/eicrosose sut&genicity assay.* factors 000094 of carcinogens in the Salsonella/eic rosoie test: Assay of 300 cheticals." ^Detection 000096 Predictive value of tissue-mediated mutagenicity assays to assess the carcinogenic risk of chwsicals.* 000061 value of tiasue-aediated sutagenic ty assays to assess the carcinogenic risk of chemicals." Predictive 000061 concept.* Personal attospharic gas stapler using the critical orifice 000116 hydrocarbon treated tats** Increased bile duct pancreatic fluid flow in chlorinated 000076 hydrocarbon-treated rats.* increased " bile duct*pancreatic fluid" flow in chlorinated 000077 nechanisa of action, tissue distribution, and covalent binding of vinylidene chloride." 000082 Binding of halogenated olefins to atcrojolecules. 000065 to 1,1-dichloroethylmne, bromobenzen*, Toxicity and biocheaical changes in rats after inhalation exposure 000084 Chesical reactivity, setabolic oxirane foraation, and biological reactivity of chlorinated ethylenes in the 000066 and disposition of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the isolate! blood perfused liver of the rat.* Hetabolist 0001 02 The initial lesion following 1,i-dichloroethyiene and broeobanzene,* *Hapa toea11alar cytorrhexis: rats after inhalation exposure to 1,1-dirhloro*thylena, broaobenzene, styrene, acrylonitrile, or 2- Cancer fear cited for a 2D cheuieal.* 000000019044 000097 of vinylidena chloride in Saran files by electron capture gas-solid chromatography and conflraatlon by 000064 analyzing substances containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile organic 000106 Occupation!1 chesical carcinogenesis: Hew facta, priorities and psrspectivss.* 000095 of tissue-mediated sutageniclty assays to assess the carcinogenic risk of cheileals." Predictive value 000061 Tentative solecular rules." Carcinogenic potential of chlorinated ethylenes: 000080 of eetabolic flutegeaicity in vitro and potential Chesical structure, reactivity and carcinogenicity carcinogenicity carcinogenicity Carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of halohydrocarbons.* studies on halogenated hydrocarbons.* studies on vinylidene chloride** 000072 0001 11 000114 000113 300 chenicals.* Detect ion of carcinogens in the Saltonella/alcrosote test: Assay of 000096 vinyl chloride and vinvlidene dichlorilt in male CD-I aica." lethal studies with the halogenated olefins 000058 on synergist and antagonist.* tDamaga to cellular tetbranes by chlorinated olefins with emphasis 000103 perspectives.* *occupational chesical carcinogenesis: Dev facts* priorities and cancer fear cite! for a 2D chetical.* 000095 000087 biological reactivity of chlorinated ethylenes in the cheaical reactivity, metabolic oxirane fonation, and 000066 ha lohy droca rbon s. * Chemical structure, reactivity and carcinogenicity of ooom in the Salmonella/aicrosome test: Assay of 300 chenicals.* ^Detection of carcinogens 000096 utagenicity assays to assess the circiaogenic risk of cheticals.* iPredictivt value of tissue-mediated 000061 inhalation toxicity of vinyl chlorida and vinylidene chloride,* 000091 lethal studies with the halogenated olefins vlnvl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in tale CD-I tics.* 000056 Thertal degradation of tethyl sethacrylate-vinyl chloride copolymers.* 000063 Detereination of vinylidene chlorida m air." 000073 treatments," Toxicity of vinylidene chloride in mice and rats and its alteration by various 000109 Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in rats and mice.* 000092 Phanacokinetici of vinylidene chlorida in the rat--cotparison with vinyl chloride.* 000097 rat and aouse liver-aediated autagenicity of vinyl chloride in 5. Typhiauriua attains.* #Huaan, 000062 chrotatography and Determination of vinylidane chloride in Saran files by electron capture gas-solid 000064 of two-year toxicological studies in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking water or 000101 vinylidene chloride induced ultrastructural changes in rat liver.* 000070 Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in rats and nice.* 000092 inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride and vinvlidene chloride.* 000091 *1 health study of eaployeee exposed to vinylidene chloride.* 000100 carcinogenicity studies on vinylidene chloride.* 000113 Health and environsental iipaets: Task i. vinvlidene chloride.* vinylidene chloride in the rat--comparison with vinyl chloride.* 000081 IPharuacokinet ics of 000097 tissue distribution, and covalent binding of vinylidene chloride.* Mechanise of action, 000082 on the acute lethality of inhaled vinylidene chlorida.* #2ffect of various pretreataents 000107 envlronaental eeasuresents for workers exposed to vinyl chloride,* #?he correlatioa of clinical and 000090 Polyter aonographs: Poly(vinylidene chloride). 000115 of pyrolysis and coibustion products of polyfvinyl chloride).* *10x101x7 000098 astalian setabolist of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides in relation to oncogenic potential,* 000078 protein and electrolytes by rat pancreas.* izffect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of 000075 Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic 000072 oxirane foraation, and biological reactivitv of chlorinated ethylenes m the isolated perfused rat 000066 Carcinogenic potential of Increased bile duct pancreatic fluid flow in Increased "bile duct-pancreatic fluid" flow in protein secretion in rats." *Bffect of chlorinated ethylenes: Tentative molecular rules.* chlorinated hydrocarbon treated rats." chlorinated hydrocarbon-treated rats." chlorinated hydrocarbons on pancrsatic electrolyte and 000080 000076 000077 000074 antagonist." Damage to cellolar tetbranes by chlorinated olefins with emphasis on synergism and 000103 chloride Dechlorination mechanists of Products of thenal 5gra!ation of brosobanzene, styrene, acrylonitrile, or 2* in Saran flits by electron capture gas-solid chlorinated olefins." chlorine-containing vinyl polysera." chlorobutadiene.* exposure to 1,1-dichloroethylene, chromatography and confirmation by mass spectrometry." 000112 000099 000084 000064 065^9 si* 44 PEDiOTED TITLE IVD1X cancer fear cited for a 2D cheiical.* DODOS'* exposed to vinyl chloride.* fh* correlation of clinical and environaental measurements for workers 0000U0 Acate toxicity of the cosbostion products from various Kinds of fibers,* 000 1 *7 Toxicity of pyrolysis and coebustion products of poly(vinyl chloride).* 000098 vinylidene chlorides is relation to oncogenic * Comparative eatialiar aetabolise of vinyl and 000078 than carbon# hydrogen and oxygen and volatile organic coepounis.* substances containing eleaents other 000196 atsospherio gas saipler nsing the critical orifice concept.* ^Personal 000116 fills by electron capture gas-solid chrosatography and conflreation by aaas spectrometry.*chloride in Saran 00096U Experience in indostrial exposure control,* 000105 degradation of eethyl sethacrylate-vinyl chloride copolyeera.* *Thereal 000067 for workers exposed to vinyl chloride.* fThe correlation of clinical and environmental measurements 000090 or harobarbital after 1,1-dichloroethylene, corticosterone, or acrolein.* of pentobarbital 00009! Mechanise of action# tissue distribution, and covalent binding of vinylidene chloride.* 000092 Personal ateospheric gas saapler using the critical orifice concept.* 009116 Industrial tonitoring: a cytogenetic approach," 00009* dichloroet hyl*ne and brosobentene. * Ma patcellular cytocrhaxis: The initial lesion following i,t- 00013U with eaphasis on synergisi and antagonise.* Daeage to cellular membranes by chlorinated olefins 000103 t Dechlorination mechanisms of chlorinated olefins.* 000112 Products of thereal degradation of chlorine-containing vinyl polyiers.* 0000*9 copolystrs.* Theraal degradation of eethyl methacrylate*vinyl chloride 000063 and potential autagens. I. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives.* Industrial Mutagens 000069 test: Assay of 300 cheaicals." Detection of carcinogen! in the SalaonelLa/iicrosone 000096 the Halogenated olefins vinvl chloride and vinylidene dichlorlde in aale CD-I aice.* lethal studies vith 000058 cytorrhexis: The initial lesion following 1,1- dlchloroethylene and broeobtnxsne.* Hepatocellular 000104 tcontinuous inhalation of 1,1* dichlocoethylene by rats and nice during gestation.* 000108 of the rat,* Metabolise and disposition of lrl* dlchloroethylene in the isolated blood perfused liver 000102 fasting. * #The oral toxicitv of 1,1- dlchloroethylene in the rat: effects of sex, age, and 000055 ale rats with 2,3*ftpoxypropan-l-Oi.*?nhanctment of 1,1- dichloroathylene toxicity by pretreatient of fasted 000057 tbe mortality of fasted rats intubated vith 1,1- dlchloroethylene.* *5oie factors affecting 000956 changes in rats after inhalation exposure to 1,1- dichloroethylene, brosobentene, styrene, acrylonitrile, 00008a setaboliss of paotobarbital or hexobarbital after 1,1- dlchloroethylene, corticosterone, or acrolein,* and 000085 in rats.* ftHepatotoxicity of 1,1- dichloroethylene: Influence of altered thyroid function 000086 blood perfused liver of the rat.* Metabolise and disposition of 1,1-dichloroethyleue in the isolated 000102 hexobarbital after 1,1- Duration of action distribution and aetabolise of pentobarbital or 000085 chloride.* Mechanise of action# tissue distribution, and covalent binding of vinylidene 000082 vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in axle CD-I Doeinaat lethal studies vith the halogenated olefins 000058 in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking vater or adelnlstared by repsated inhalation.* 000101 treated rats.* Increased bile duct pancreatic fluid flov in chlorinated hydrocarbon 000076 treated rats.* tlncreased "bile duct-pancreatic fluid" flov in chlorinated hydrocarbon- 000077 pentobarbital or hexobarbital after l#i- Duratlon of action distribution and aetabolise of Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on pancreatic electrolyte and protein secretion in rats.* 000085 00007tt aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and electrolytes by rat pancreas.* fBffect of chlorinated 000075 Determination of vinylidene chloride in saran filas by electron capture gas-solid chroiatography and 00006* to cellular aeabrants by chlorinated olefins vith emphasis on synergies and antagonise.* Manage 000103 A health studv of eiploveas exposed to vinylidene chloride.* OOOMO pretreataent of fasted sale rats vith 2#3-epoxypropan* Bnhanceeent of 1,1-diehloroethylens toxicity by 000057 Health and environier.tal impacts: Task i. vinylidene chloride.* 000081 chloride.* #The correlation of clinical and environaental seasureients for workers exposed to vinyl toxicity by pretreataent of fasted tale rats vith 2,3- epoxypropan-1-Ol.* lEnhanceaent of 1,i-dlchloroethylene pretreataents.* Meats hepatotoxicity of ethylene and halogenated ethylenes after PCP 000090 000057 000067 Acute hepatotoxicity of ethylene and halogenated ethyleass after PC8 pretreatient*.* 000067 in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic oxirane foraation.* 000072 foraation, and biological reactivity of chlorinated ethylenes in the isolated perfused rat liver 000066 carcinogenic potential of chlorinated ethylaaes: Tentative solecular rule*.* 000080 Effect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and electrolyte* by rat pancreas." 9O0075 Experience in indostrial exposure control.* 000105 of clinical and environaental aeasuresents for sorters exposed to vinyl chloride.* "The correlation 000090 A health stndy of enployees exposed to vinvlidene chloride.* 000100 Experience in industrial exposure control.* 000105 and blochenical changes In rats after inhalation exposure to 1,l-dichloroethylene, broaobenxene, 00009ft occupational cheiical carcinogenesis: Hev facta, priorities and perspective*.* 000095 of 1 *1-dichlotoethylene toxicity by pretreatient of fasted sale rats vith 2,3-epoxypropan-l-01.*Enhancevent 000057 soae factors affecting the Mortality of fasted rats intubated vith 1,1-dichloroethylene. 000056 1-dichloroethylene in the rat; effects of sex* age, and fasting. * tThe oral toxicity of 1, 000055 Cancer fear cited for a 2D chemical,* 000 0 97 of the cosboction products froc various hinds of fibers, * Aeote toxicity 0001 17 Deteriination of vinylidene ehlorlde in Saran films bv electron capture gas-solid chrosatography and 00006ft Increased bile duct pancreatic fluid flov in chlorinated hydrocarbon treated rat*.* Increased "bile duet-pancreatic fluid" flov in chlorinated hydrocarbon-treated rats.* 000076 000077 increased bile duct pancreatic fluid flov ir. chlorinated hydrocarbon treated rats.* Increased "bile duct-pancreatic fluid" flov in chlorinated hydrocarbon-treated rats.* 000076 000077 ethylenes as a function of eetabollc oxirane format ion. *and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated 0000"T2 ethylenes in Cheeienl reactivity, metabolic oxirane formation, and biological reactivity of chlorinated 000066 of 1,1-dichloroethylene: influence of altered thyroid function in rats.* Hepatotoxicity 000096 potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic oxirane fonation,* in vitro and 0Q0072 Personal ataospheric gas sampler using the critical orifice concept.* 000116 vinylidene chloride in serin files by electron capture gas-solid chromatography and confirmation by sass 00006ft of 1#1-dicbloroethylene by rats and sire during Acute hepatotoxicity of ethylene and carcinoaenicitv studies or. gestation.* Continuous inhalation halogenated ethylenes after PCD pretreataent*. halogenated hydrocarbons,* 000108 000067 OOCilft Inhalation toxicity studies on tissues.* tAlkyiatmg and sutagenic setabolites of finding of dichloride in sale CD-Moeioant lethal studies vith the Mutagenicity of Metibolisi of of aliphatic alcohols on the hepatotoxic response to activity,* Metabolism and au t ager. icity of halogenated hydrocarbons.* halogenated olefins produced by huaar and animal halogenated olefins to lncrosolecules.* halogenited olefins vinyl chloride and vinylidene halogenated olefins.* halogenated olefins.* halogenated olefins.* ^Influence halogenated olefms-a comparison of structure and 000093 000060 000065 000058 000071 000093 000068 0Q0079 065*^0 SL 45 PERHOTED TITLE HDEX Indfstrlal mutagens and potential eutagens. I. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives,* evaluation.* Halogenated organics in tap water: A toxicological 030069 000110 t\cheelcal structure, reactivity and carcinogenicity of halohylracarbons.* chloride.* health study of employees exposed to vinylidene noooooiomo chloride.* Health and environmental impacts: Task 1, Vinylidene 000081 following 1,l-dichloroethylen* andbroeotoenxene,* * Hepatocellular cytorrhexis: The initial lesion oooiou Influence of aliphatic alcohols on the hepatotoxic response to halogenated olefins.* 00006B aftar FCB pretreataenta. tucute hepatotnxicity of ethylene and halogenated ethylenes 000067 altered thyroid function in rats.* I Hepatataxicity of 1,1-dlchloroethylene: Influence of 000086 action distribution and metabolism of pentobarbital or hexobarbital after 1,1-dichloroethylene, 000095 atabolitas of haloganatad olefins produced by huean and aniaal tissues,* lAlkylating and autagenic 000060 vinyl ehlotide in S. Typhlaurlus strains.* Hunan, rat and nouse liver-sediated eutagenicity of 030062 bile duct pancreatic fluid flov in chlorinated hydrocarbon treated rats.* "bile duct-pancreatic fluid" flow in chlorinated hydrocarbon-treated rats.* increased 000076 liner eased 003CH7 by rat pancreas.* tTffect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and electrolytes 00007* secretion in rats.* ^Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on pancreatic electrolyte and protein oooo7u Inhalation toiiclty studies on halogenated hydrocarbons.* 000083 "itcinogenieity studies on haloganatad hydrocarbons.* OOOlItt substances containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile efffftaic compounds.* 000106 health and environeentil inpacts: Task 1. vinylidene ctloTffi** 000091 Experience in industrial exposure control.* industrial nonitoring: a cytogenetic approach.* 000105 000088 haloganatad aliphatic derivatives.* Industrial eutagens and potential nutagens. I. 000069 Toxicity and biochesical changes in rats aftar inhalation exposure to 1,1-dlchloroethylene, 00008** during gestation.* ^continuous inhalation of 1,1-dichloroethylene by rats and alee 000108 In the dtinking eater or adiinistered by repeated inhalation.*ln rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated 000101 ehlotide.* Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride and vinylidene 000091 chloride in ratsand sice.* inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride or vinylidene 000092 * Inhalation toxicity studies on halogenated hydrocarbons, 030083 000 07of various pratreatsents on the acuta lethality of inhaled vinylidene chloride.* SBffect 1 brooobenzane, ^Hepatocellular cytorrhexis: The initial lesion following 1,1-dichloroethylene and 0001Ott rets of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the interia results of two-year toticological studies in 000101 Sosa factors affecting the eortallty of fasted rats Intubated with 1,1-dichloroethylene. 000056 end disposition of 1,1-dlchloroethylene in the Isolated blood perfused liver of the rat,* Hetabolisu 000102 biological reactivity of chlorinated ethylanes in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation.`formation, and 000066 Acute-toxicity of the cosbustion products from various kinds of fibers.* 000117 000100hepatocellular cytorrhexis: The initial lesion following 1, l-dichloroethyl*ne and broaobentene.* Chloride and vinylideae dlchloride in sale CD-I Dominant lethal studies with the halogenated olefins vinyl 000056 Effect of varices pretreateents on the acute lethality of inhaled vinylidene chloride.* 000107 of 1,l-didhloroatbylene in the isolated blood perfused liver of the rat,* *Hetaboliss and disposition 000102 of chlorinated sthylenee in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation.*foruetion, and biological reactivity 000066 Chloride induced ultrastructurel changes in rat liver. * iVinylidene 000070 ' Typhia ariai strains.* Human, rat and souse liver-mediated eutagenicity of vinyl chloride in s. 000062 Binding of halogenated olefins to eacroeolecules.* 1,1-dichloroethylene toxicity by pretreateent of fasted sale rats with 2,3-epoxypropan-1-01. * 000065 Enhancement of 000057 olefins vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in ale CD-I aice.* lethal studies with the halogenated 000058 in delation to oncogenic potential,* Comparative eassalian setaboliss of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides 000078 capture gas-solid chromatography and confiraatlon by ass spectrometry.* chloride in Saran filas by electron 00006** products and aonoaers in the production of plastic saterials.* IPecovety of organic 000089 The correlation of ellnical and environiontal ueasuraeents for workers exposed to vinyl chloride.* 000090 'binding of vlnylidone chloride.* Hechanisa of action, tissue distribution, and covalent 000082 Dechlorination techanlias of chlorinated olefins,* 000112 tiik of eheaicais.* Predictive value of tissue- ediatad eutagenicity assays to assess the carcinogenic 000061 Typhisuriue strains.* Busan, rat and nouse liver* eediated eutagenicity of vinyl chloride in 5, 000062 synotgiss and antagonise,* Daaage to cellular esbranes by chlorinated olefins vith enphasis on 000103 of chlorinated ethyleues as a function of aetabollc oxirane formation.* potential carcinogenicity 000072 of chlorinated ethylene* in the iCfcealcal reactivity, letabolic oxirane foriation, and biological reactivity 000066 dichloroethylene, SDuration of action distribution and etabollss of pentobarbital or hexobarbital after 1,1- 000085 relation to oncogenic potential.Cooperative sassallan letabolise of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides la 000078 the isolated blood perfused liver of the rat.* metabolise and disposition of 1,1-dichloroethylene in 030102 comparison of structure and activity,* HatabolLsa and sutagenicity of halogenated olefins-a Hetabolise of halogenated olefins.* 000079 000093 and aniaal tissuaa.* Alkylating and vutagenic etabolites of halogenated olefins produced by huaan 000060 Therial degradation of aethyl ethacrylate-vinyl chloride copolyxers.* 000063 Thectal degradation of ethyl eethacrylate-vinyl chloride copolymers.* 000063 Toxicity of vinylidene chloride in aice and rats and its alteration by various treatments.* 000109 inhaittion of 1,1-dichloroethylene by rats and ice during gestation.* tContlnuous 000108 Of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in rats and ice.* Slnhaletion toxicity 000092 vinyl chloride and vinylidene dlchloride in sale CD-i ice.* lethal studies with the halogenated olefins 000058 Factors for efficiency of the Sslsonella/ icrosoee eutagenicity assay.* 00009 Detaction of carcinogens in the Salionella/ lerosone test: Assay of 300 cheaicals.* 000096 potential of chlorinated ethylenes: Tentative molecular rules.* ^carcinogenic 000080 Industrial onitoring: A cytogenetic approach.* 000088 Polyaer monographs: Poly(vinyliden* chloride).* 000115 aeeovery of organic products and onouers in the production of plastic oaterials.* 000089 dichloroethylene.* ISoee factors affecting the eortallty of fasted rats intubated with 1,1- 000056 S. Typhiauriua strains.* Muaan, rat and uouse liver-mediated mutagmnicity of vinyl chloride in 000062 by huaan and aniaal tissues.* Alkylating and mutagenic uetabolites of h&logtnated olefins produced 000060 Factors for sfficiancy of the saleonella/eierosoee eutagenicity assay.* 00009*1 chenicals.* Predictive value of tissue-eediated utaganicitv assays to asstss the carcinogenic risk of 000061 structure and activity.* tRetabolist and eutagenicity of halogenated olnflns-a comparison of 000079 strains.* Hasan, rat and souse liver-sedlatai utagealcity of vinyl chloride In S. Typhiauriua 000062 chlorinated ethylenes as a function of aet&bollc Hutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of Mutagenicity of halogenated olefine.* Mutagenicity of volatile anesthetics.* 000072 000071 000059 aliphatic derivativan. flcdustrial utagens and potential autagans* I. Halogenated 000069 Industrial eutagens and potential utageas. I. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives.* 000069 priorities and perspectives.* occupational chemical carcinogenesis: Hew facts. 000095 SL 065451 46 PERHOTBD TlTL! KDEI Alkylating tad mutagenic metabolite* of halogenatad olefins produced by huaan and anisal tissues.* 00006C Binding of halogenated olefins to sacrosoleculea.* 000065 sale CD-I Dosinant lethal studies with th* halogenated olefin3 vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in 000056 Daaage to cellular aeabrmts by chlorinated Dechlorination Mechanisms of chlorinated ftutagenirltv of halogenated olefins vith emphasis on synergisa and antagonisa.* olefins. * olefins.* O00O0O1H023 OCOO^i Metabolise of halogenated olefins.* 000093 alcohol* on the hepatotoric response to halogenated olefins.* influence of aliphatic 000066 Metabolise and autagenicity of halogenated olefins-a coaparison of structure and activity,* OOOH'fq of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides in relation to oncogeiic ootential.* coaparati** aaaaalian eetaboliss I^OOTM effects of sex, age, and fasting. * #?h* oral toxicity of 1, l-4ichloroethyln* in the rat: 000055 other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile organic compounds.* substances containing eleaents 000106 plastic eaterials-* Recovery of organic products and sonoeers in the production of 000066 Halogenated organics in tap water: A toxicological evaluation.* 0001 1 0 Personal atiosphenc gas saipler using the critical orifica concept.* OOOH6 of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of aet&bolir oxirane formation.* vitro and potential carcinogenicity 000002 chlorinated ethylenes echeeical reactivity, setabolio oxirane formation, and biological reactivity of 000066 containing eleaents other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile organic compounds.* substances 000106 pretreatient of fasted aale rats with 2,3-epoxyptopan-i- 01.* #Enhance*ent of i,1-dichlotoathylene toxicity by 000067 cn excretion of protein and electrolytes by rat pancreas,Effect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons 00007* Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on pancreatic electrolyte and protein secretion in rata.* OOOOttt treated rats.* Hncreased bile duct pancreatic fluid floe in chlorinated hydrocarbon 000076 treated rats.* Increased "bile duot- pancreatic fluid" floe in chlorinated hydroearbon- 000077 000067of ethylene and halogenated ethylenes after PCB pretreataents.* *Acute hepatutoxicity Duration of action distribution and setabolita of pintobarbltal or hexobarbital after 1,1- OOOOR5 of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the isolated blood perfused liver of the rat.* Metabolism and disposition 000102 reactivity of chlorinated ethylenes in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation.* and biological 000066 orifice concept.* * Personal ateospheric gas saapler using the critical 000 1 16 chemical carcinogenesis: nee facts, priorities and persoectives.* Occupational 000095 comparison with vinyl chloride.* Pharmacokinetics of vinylidene chloride in the rat-- 000097 of organic products and aonoaers in the production of plastic materials,* Recovery 000059 Toxicity of pyrolysis and cosbustion products of poly(vinyl chloride).* 00009ft Polyaer Monographs: Poly(vinylidene chloride).* Polvaar monographs: Poly(vinylidene chloride).* 000115 000115 of theraal degradation of chlorine-containing vinyl polytera. * iProducts 000099 000072function of eetabolic Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes ae a derivatives.* rules. * 000040^Industrial mutagens and potential antigens. 2. Halogenated aliphatic 000069 carcinogenic potential of chlorinated ethylenes: Tentative aolecular vinyl and vinylidene chlorides in relation to oncogenic potential.* Comparative aaaaalian metabolise of 000076 to assess the carcinogenic risk of chemicals.* PredictLv* value of tissue-eediated autagenicity assays 000061 ,01.* fEnhanceaeQt of 1,1-diehloroethyltn* toxicity by pretreataant of fasted male rata eith 2 3-epoxypropan-1- 000057 vinylidene chloride.* Effect of various pretreataents on the acuta lethality of inhaled 000107 of ethylene and halogenated ethylenes after PCB pretreataents.* Acute hepatotoxlcity 000047 Occupational cneeical carcinogenesis: Re* facts, priorities and perspectives.* 000096 materials,* Becovsrv of organic products and aonoaers in the production of plastic Acute toxicity of the cosbustion products from various kinds of fibars.* 000009 000117 Toxicity of pyrolysis and cosbustion products of poly(vinyl chloride).* 00009ft vinyl polymers.* Products of theraal degradation of chlorine-containing 000099 0 00 0 7 5of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons on excretion of protein and electrolytes by rat pancreas.* Itffect chlorinated hydrocarbons on pancreatic electrolyte and proteia secretion in rats,* Effect of 000074 chloride).* iToxicity of pyrolysis and cosbustion products of poly (vinyl 000098 other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile Quantitatively analyzing substances containi&g eleaents 000106 chloride in S. Typhisurius strains.* Busan, rat and aouse liver-mediated autagenicity of vinyl 000062 of chlorinated ethylenes In the isolated perfused rat livar preparation.* ind biological reactivity 000066 vinylidene chloride induced ultrastructural changes in rat liver.* 000070 on excretion of protein and electrolytes by in th isolated blood perfused liver of the PhareacoJtinetics of vinylidene chloride in the rat pancreas.* of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons rat.*1stabolisa and disposition of 1,1-dichloroethylene rat--cosparison with vinyl chloride.* 000000100725 000097 The oral toxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the rat: effects of sex, age, and fasting. * 000055 broeobenzene, IToxicity and biochemical changes In rats after inhalation exposure to 1,1-dichloroethylene, 000084 Toxicity of vinylidene chloride in sice and rats and its alteration by various treatments.* 000109 Tontinuous inhalation of 1,1-lichloroethylene by rats and alee during gestation,* 000108 toxicity of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in rata and sice.* Inhalation 000092 Sose factors affecting the sortality of fasted rats intubated with 1,1-dichloroethylene.* 000056 Interie results of tvo-year toxicological studies in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the 000101 toxicity by pretreatient of fasted sale rats vith 2,3-epoxypropan-l -01, *of 1,1-dichloroethylene 0000 57 fluid floe in chlorinated hydrocarbon treated fluid* floe in chlorinated hydrocarbon-treated on pancreatic electrolyte and protein secretion in rats.* rats.* rats.* ^Increased bile duct pancreatic O00Q76 Hncreased "bile duct-pancreatic 000077 Effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons 00007U Influence of altered thyroid function in rats.* *Hepatotoxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene: 000096 Chemical structure, reactivity and carcinogenicity of halohydtocarbous.* ooom reactivity, metabolic ozlrane formation, and biological reactintv of chlorinated ethylenes in the isolated 000066 reactivity of chlorinated ethylenes in the Cheslcal reactivity, metabolic oxirane formation, and biological 000066 incorporated m the drinking eater or administered by repeated inhalation.* in rats of vinylidene chloride 000101 Influence of aliphatic alcohols on the hepatotoxic response to halogenated olefins.* 000066 mediated mutagenicity assays to assess *h* carcinogenic risk of chemicals.* Predictive value of tissue- 000061 potential of chlorinated ethylenes: Tentative molecular rules. * carcinogenic 000080 souse liver-sedisted autagenicity of vinyl chloride in S. Typhiauriua strains.* Human, rat and 000062 factors for efficiency of the Salaoaalla/sicrosome autagenicity assay.* 00009a Detection of carcinogens in the Salmon alla/sicrosoee test: Assay of 300 chenicals.* 000096 Personal ateospheric gas chromatography Determination of vinylidene chloride in hydrocarbons on pancreatic electrolyte and protein sampler using the critical orifice concept.* Saran files by electron capture gas-solid secretion in rats.* Effect of chlorinated 000116 00006a 00007a toxicity of 1,1-iichloroethylena in the rat: effects of sex, age, and fasting. * l?he oral chloride in saran files by electron capture gas- solid chromatography and confirmation by aass gas-solid chromatography and confirmation by mass spectroaetry.* in Saran filas by electron capture 000055 OOOOfiu 000064 autagenicity of vinyl chloride in S. Tvphiauriua strains.* Busan, rat and aouse liver-eediated 000062 and autagenicity of halogenated oleins-a coaparison of structure and activity.* Metabolise 000079 065^ S^ 47 PBliOTBD TITLE XVDIX halohydroeacboft*- Cbesieal structure, reactivity and carcinogenicity of 000111 exposure to 1,1-dd.ehloroethyiene, broeobenzeae, styrane, acrylonitrile, or 2-chlorobutadiene.* 000784 hydrogen sad oxygen and iQuantitativaiy analyzing substances containing slssents other than carbon, 000106 seebranea by chlorinated olefins with esphasis on ynergisn and antagonism.* iDasage to cellular 000103 Halogenated organics in tap water: A toxicological evaluation.* 000110 Health and environmental inpacta: Task 1. vinylidene chloride.* 0000*1 carclaogaaic potential of chlcrinetad sthylents: Tentative molecular rules.* polymsr*.* ^Product* of thersal degradation of chlorine-containing vinyl 000080 oooonn chlcride copolymers.* Thersal degradation of methyl methacrylate-vinyl 000063 of 1,1-dichloroethylans: Influence of altered thyroid function in rats.* tHepatotoxicity 000086 chloride.* Mechanise of action, tissue distribution, and covalent binding of vinylidene 000082 carcinogenic risk of chemicals.* *Pr*dictive value of tissue-iwdiated mutagenicity assays to assess the 000061 of halogenated olefins produced by buean and aninal tissues.* Alkylating and autagenic eetabolitws 000060 epoxypropan-1-01. * Enhancement of 1,1-dichloroetbylene toxicity by pretreatment of famted male rats vith 2,3- 000087 of fiber*.* Mcutt toxicity of the combustion products fros various kinds 000117 Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.* 000091 rats and sics** flnhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride or vinyllienm chloride in 000092 sst, age, and fasting. * *Th# oral toxicity of i, l-diehloromthyle&e ia itie rat: effects of 000055 Inhalation toxicity stadias on halogenated hftflifjearbons. * 000083 inhalation szpossrs to 1,i-dichloroethylen*f Toxicity and biocheeical changes iftjfits after 00008U inyl chloride) .* f Toxicitv of pyrolysis and coabustitWfproducts of paly( 000098 ita alt *r at ion by various treatments.* Toxicity of vinylidsne chloride in sics and rats and 000109 Halogenated organics in tap water: A toxicological evaluation.* 0001 in incorporated in tbs tlntsris rssnlta of two-vsar toxicological studies in rats of vinylidene chloride 000101 chloride in sics and rats and its alteration by ration* treatsents.* #Tozicity of vinylidene 000109 liver-mediited sutsgsnlcity of vinyl chloride in s. Typhiaucins strains.* Homan, rat and mouse 000062 tvinylidsne ehlorlde induced ulttastructural changes in rat liver.* 000070 tht carcinogenic risk of chemicals.* ^Predictive value of tissoe-eediated eutageniclty assays to assess 000061 potential.* Coapsrstlve sassalian sstabolisa of vinyl and vinylidene chlorides in relation to oncogenic 000078 inhalation toxicity of vinyl chlorids and vinylidene chloride.* 000091 Dominant lethal studies with the halogenated olefins vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in sale CD-I 000058 Theraal degradation of aethyl sethacrylate* vinyl chloride copolymers.* 000063 Busan, tat sal sous* liver-sediatsd eutaganicity of vinyl chlorid* in S. Typhisurium strains.* 000062 inhalation toxicitv of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in rats and nice.* 000092 of vinylidene chlorids in the rat--coiparison with vinyl chloride,* Pharmacokinetics 000097 and environmental aaaaureients for workers exposed to vinyl chloride.* The correlation of clinical 000090 Toxicity of pyrolyeis and cos butt ion products of poly< vinyl chloride),* 000098 Produeta of thersal degradation of chlorine-containing vinyl polymers.* 000099 Determination of vinylidene chloride in air.* 000073 by various treatments.* Toxicity of vinylidene chloride in sice and rats and its alteration 000109 Inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride in rats and mice,* 000092 chloride.* Fharaacokinetics of vinvlldene chloride in the rat-*cosparison with vinyl 000097 gas-solid chromatography and Determination of vinvlidene chlorids in Sar&n filas by electron capture 000064 rssults of two-year toxicological stadias in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking water 000101 A health study of enployses exposed to vinylidene chloride.* 000100 Zahalatioo toxicity of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.* 000091 Carcinogenicity studies on vinylidene chloride.* 000113 various pretreatsauts on the acute lethality of inhaled vinylidene chloride.* ipffect of 000107 of action, tisaua distribution, and covalant binding of vinylidene chloride.* Mechanism 000082 Polyser aonographs: Pgly( vinylidene chloride).* 000H5 * Comparative sessalian setsbolise of Tinvl and vinylidene chlorides in relation to oncogenic potential, 000078 studies with the halogenated olefins vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in sale TD-1 sice.* lethal 000058 f rat liver.* inylidene chloride induced ultrastructural changes in Health and environmental impacts: Task 1, vinylidene chloride.* 000070 000081 ethylene* as a function of metabolic Mutagenicity In vitro mi potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated 000072 Mutagenicity of volatile anesthetics.* 000059 2 eleeents other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and volatile organic coepounds.* substances containing 000106 of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking water or administered by repeated inhalation.* in rats 000101 Halogenated organics in tap vater: A toxicological evaluation.* 000110 of clinical and environiental measurements for workers exposed to vinyl chloride.* *The correlation 000090 51 TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION RESPONSE CENTER TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION PROGRAM The Toxicology Information Response Center (TIRC) was founded in 1971 to establish a national and international center for toxicology information. TIRC provides information to all individuals on a variety of chemicals such as food additives, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, environmental pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides; and other topics of toxicologic concern. ORGANIZATION--TIRC is sponsored by the National Library of Medicine's Toxicology Information Program. Located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TIRC is part of the Information Center Complex, a major scientific and technical unit within the Information Diviaion. This Complex coordinates the functions and activities of several information units at the Laboratory. These associations provide a unique opportunity for scientific and technical interactions. INFORMATION SERVICES-As an information analysts center, TIRC acquires, selects, stores, retrieves, evaluates, analyses, and synthesizes comprehensive literature packages according to a user's specific request or a current need. TIRC provides extensive toxicology information assistance and reference services to the scientific, administrative, and public communities--health science studente, educators, practitioners, scientists, and administrators. Interested persons may request: (1) specific published toxicology data, (2) individualized literature searches, (3) topical bibliographies, (4) annotated and/or \ r' -key-worded bibliographies, (5) state-of-the-art overviews, . OS) custom searches of computerized data bases, (7) SDI service, (8) access to over 650 bibliographic collections generated annually, (9) in-Center use of the toxicology reference library, and (10) selected reports available from the National Technical Information Service. INFORMATION RESOURCES--TIRC utilizes a variety of information sources. On-line access is available to several computerized data systems: MEDLINE and TOXLINE, RECON, and the diversified files of commercially available data systems such as DIALOG (Lockheed), ORBIT (Systems Development Corporation), and BRS (Bibliographic Retrieval Services, Inc.). The ORNL data files are searchable in batch mode and also provide SDI service. Hard copy secondary sources used by TIRC include Biological Abstracts, BioResearch Index, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, ATOMINDEX, Science Citation Index, Energy Research Abstracts, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Air Pollution Abstracts, and others. In addition, the ORNL library system provides an abundance of valuable resources with more than 200,000 bound volumes and 600,000 reports. Of the 3,500 subscription journals, about 1,200 are biologically or environmentally oriented. As part of the Information Center Complex, TIRC maintains ready access to consultation and information exchange with other distinct, discipline-oriented entities which specialize in: (1) preparing evaluative multimedia monographs, state-of-the-art reviews and overviews, (2) building an interactive computerized Toxicology Data Bank, (3) constructing and maintaining computerized reference and data files oil Mutagens and teratogens, (4) compiling environmentally anttted data files, and (5) collecting and diBtributmftjjflRished energy information as well as ongoing researwBl development data. SEARCH REQUEST INFORMATION--Literature searches are initiated after receiving from the requester certain background information: (1) definition of the search request in detail, (2) subject, scope, time and literature coverage, languages, suggested completion date, and (3) agreement on the cost estimate of the completed search. COST--Searches are accomplished for requesters under a direct full-cost recovery system. The rate is $30/hour with a minimum charge of $35 for domestic search requests. Charges for search requests from foreign countries are $35/hour with a $40 minimum charge. Computer-associated charges, reproduction costs, as well as use fees for copyrighted materials, are assessed in addition to the hourly rate. Following agreement between TIRC and the requester, a thorough literature search is conducted utilizing on-line computerized data bases and traditional library sources. Scope, time coverage, and search parameters determine the overall search cost. Payment is collected by the National Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia 22161, either by direct billing or through deposit accounts. Work for government agencies can be accomplished through interagency agreements. SEARCH COMPLETION TIME--Response times vary from an immediate telephone answer to eight to twelve days for computerized data base searching to three to four weeks for detailed literature searches. PERSONNEL--TIRC's professional staff members possess multidisciplinary scientific backgrounds covering chemistry, biology and medicine, pharmacology and toxicology, microbiology, bacterial physiology, information sciences, and administration, Tile staff specializes in bibliographic literature compilation!, state-of-the-art overviews, and consultations. Scientific interaction occurs with personnel from the other information centers within the Information Center Complex as well as with the multidisciplinary Laboratory research staff. CONTACT THE CENTER--Telephone inquiriee can be made by direct dialing (615)483-8611, extension 3-0211. For those who have access to the Federal Telecommunications System (FTS), the number is 850-0211. Written requests for information or searches should be mailed to: Toxicology Information Response Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory Post Office Box X Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 52 RECENT TIRC PUBLICATIONS* ORNL/TIRC-76/1 Toxicology Information Response Center Literature Search Index. I, 101 to 2100. Toxicology Information Response Center Staff. 205 pages, 2,000 references, $7.50. ORNL/TIRC-76/2 Trichloroethylene: I, An Impact Overview. E. M Waters, H. B. Gerstner, and J. E. Huff. II, An Abstracted Literature Collection, 1907-1976. E. M. Waters and S. A. Black, 265 pages, 1,673 references, $20.00. ORNL/TIRC-76/3 Kepone I. A Literature Summary. J. E. Huff and H. B. Gerstner. II. An Abstracted Literature Collection, 1952-1977, S. A. Black. 52 pages, 175 references, $15.00 ORNL/TIRC-76/4 Mirex. 1. An Overview, E, M. Waters. II. An Abstracted Literature Collection, 1947-1976. E. M. Waters. 98 pages, 325 references, $10.00. ORNL/TIRC-76/5 Toxicology Information Response Center Literature Search Index. II. 2101-2600. Toxicology Information Response Center Staff. 99 pages, 500 references, $7.50. ORNL/TIRC-76/6 Lead Analysis; Literature Collection, 1966-1976. S. A. Black and K. C. Miller. 214 pages, 1,552 references, $18.00. ORNL/TIRC-77/1 Selected Case Histories and Epidemiological Examples of Human Mercury Poisoning. I, State-of-the-Art Review Herbert B. Gerstner and J. E. Huff. II. An Abstracted Literature Collection, 1947-1976. S. A. Black. 101 pages, 566 references, $20.00. ORNL/TIRC-77/2 Methoxyflurane. I. An Overview. E. M. Waters and B. E. Ricci. II. An Abstracted Literature Collection, 1947-1976 B. E. Ricci and E. M. Waters. 120 pages, 1,071 references, $22.50. ORNL/TIRC-77/3 Vinylidene Chloride I. An Overview. II. A Literature Collection, 1947 to 1977 H, S, Warren and B. E Ricci 52 pages. 117 references, $15.00. ORNL/TIRC-77/4 Health Aspects of Chloroform--A Review S. G. Winslow and H. B. Gerstner. An Abstracted Literature Collection. 1907 to 1977, S. G. Winslow 252 pages, 1,387 references, $28.00. ORNL/TIRC-77/5 Asbestos: A Perspective. I. An Overview. J E. Huff. II. An Annotated Literature Collection, 1960-1974. J. E Huff. A S. Hammons, C, Y. Dinger. B. W. Kline, and B L. Whitfield. III. An Abstracted Literature Compilation, 1974-1977. S. A. Black. 214 pages, 867 references, $28 00 ORNL/TIRC-77/6 Toxicology Information Response Center Literature Search Index. III. 2601-3100. Toxicology Information Response Center Staff. 77 pages, 500 references, $7.50. ORNL/TIRC-78/1 Toxicology Information Response Center literature Search Index. IV. 3101-3600. Toxicology Information Response Center Staff. 69 pages, 500 references, $9.00. ORNL/TIRC-78/2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Polybrominated Biphenyls, and Their Contaminants, Literature Compilation, 1965-1977. S. G. Winslow and H. B. Gerstner. 374 pages, 2,068 references, $25.00, ORNL/TIR&78/3 Vinyl Chloride. H. S. Warren, ORNL/TIRC-78/4 Leptophos. E. M. Waters, PUBLICATIONS IN PREPARATION ORNL/TIRC-78/5 Toxicology Information Response Center Literature Search Index, V, 3601-4100. Toxicology Information Response Center Staff. 500 references. Acrylonitrile. N. P. Drago. 'Available from the National Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia 22161.