Document 6BMaN8RrV9G3ebk81qKYwXaQ9

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1947 June DOC IHF101 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION IHF Report of Preliminary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute a | 6/6/6/67 /79 6/9 6/79 INDUSTRIAL EYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 Fifth Avenue - Pittsburgh 13 Pa 225 REPORT OF PRELIMINARY DUST INVESTIGATION FOR ASERSTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTES JUNE 1947 BJ H.C.L. Reme Head Engineer ne Lf H June 18. 1947 Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America Inc ^' * me By - John F. McMahon Managing Director 5-12.7 7 5-12.777 pd R 274 REPORT of PRELIMINARY DUST SURVEY for ASHESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE | June 1947 OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION This project was a preliminary investigation of the asbesto probleimn textile plents of members of the Asbestos Textile Institute with the immediate object of defining the specific nature and the rag tude of the problem in all its phases From such e definition the ch acter of a term project could be outlined An original objectiv most immediate importance was to facilitate the exchange of informati between member companies on successful methods of dust control and o wise to promote a general improvement in that field SUMMARY The facts upon which this report is based were obtained on - during the past three months to all plentosf Institute members exc one who wished the visit postponed to a later date Complete coop was extended at all plants Dr. C. Richard Walmer Medical Director Industrial Hygiene Foundation participated in visits to three plants in development of the medical concepts of this report The problem is seen to be composed of three aspects which discussed in three sections of the report and summarized herewith or ENGINEERING MEDICAL and PHYSICAL TESTING Proliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute June 1947 Weaving b One plant has a superior method of suppressing dust in weaving wet mothcda and dust count records indicate a complete suppression of dust It involves a water spray head mounted above the warp the rear of the ' harness with a mechanical screw arrangement for constant movement of the | head transversely to the warp They believe it to be more effective than system common in several plants wherein the warp is passed over wetted rela It is apparently not practical to recommend 100 per cent wet wea throughout the industry Moreover we are satisfied that it is practical w control dust in this operation by local exhaust where dry wearing is cons ed imperative special properties of the cloth One of the best exhaus arrangements includes an exhaust opening directly under the warp at the re of the harness frome with a slot exhaust opening carried by the lay beam latter connected to the stationary part of the exhaust system either by flexible hose arrangement or by an all metal swivel joint Duct Work The actual arrangement of duct work and exhaust fan present no usual problems where good practice in sheet metal fabrication is followed points are of sufficient importance to require emphasis .. Special care ab be exercised in the fabrication to avoid sharp projections on the inside create points of lodgement for fibers Secondly it must be designed to _ vide adequate transporting volocities Velocities below 2000 fm in the experience of the industry may permit settlement of material and gradual clogging Therefore allowing a margin of safety , the design should provi for velocities of 3000 fpm EO Ne Tp June 1947 ah NO WS $UAT110. dad Lid beak wh wed y The problem of distribution of planned air flows to the differe branches of the system is of importance in the design of all dust oxhaust systems The use of dampers in branches to adjust air flows is avoided in the test systems Their function in effecting balance between branches best attained in the original design Design procedures to effect this jective are available but will not be elaborated at this point Dust Collectors Five plants in the survey employ the known burlap dust bo for filtering air from various exhaust systems The favored filtering alw alw is determined on the basis of one square foot for each air flow of 2 cfm Mm1e . _ . + - - Most errangements are such as to permit cleaning by whipping with a bambo pole or a buggy whip by men who remain on the clean air side of the filte cloth In one system the men are required to enter the dust side for dai ing purposes and cleaning is carried out once weekly with the ^...ce central station vacuum cleaner Fractices in different plants are variabi to frequency with which the burlap filter is freed of its dust lead by whis whiswhis While these dust collectore work well we are not prepared to m mend them to the exclusion of some commercial types of filters haring ea shakers Several engineering olements enter into the design of a dust or system involving principally a proper estimate of pressure drop in _: ments of the system and especially that through the filter proper tack .. If the pressure drop estimate in the filter is incorrect the system will oporate properly If the basic resistance of the filter i.e. that ismeulat ismeulat ly after shaking the cloth is subject to a constant increase over a pe aye, Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto +h Juno 1947 a serious lack of information prevails generally on this aspect of the | problem The story in North Carolina is worth special mention This state instituted 10 years ago a system of periodic medical examinations for all workers in dusty industries and hence all asbestos textile workers have boen rayed and clinically examined for a longer period on a periodic ban than any other sabestos textile plant in this group If the state examine finds that workers should discontinus their employment because of rapidly developing asbestosis they have the authority to effect this change They +... see to it that workers who should receive workman's compensation due to dis abling asbestosis are processed So far as we have been able to ascertain neither event has occurred to any employee of the two North Carolina asbest plants in this group These observations suggest that there may well be a marked diver in medical procedures of asbestosis interpretations , | and attitudes respecting the . diagn There is a very urgent need for a concerted cooperative medical effort to develop improved diagnostic procedures and uniformity of interps tation 0 ee ee WN AR We Survey *-\ Preliminary Dust June 1947 Survey for AsbestoAs Assbebstoes stos Textile Institute RRR 72. APPRAISAL OF REDUCED FUST HAZARD Having reached a degree of dust control represented by the dust count limit of five million it is then proper to ask What degree of assurance is afforded by existing knowledge that asbestosis will not in fact develop in the future if dustiness is kept below that level If there are factors at present unknown that will indicate a need for still better dust control what will The information available does not that limit be permit complete assurance tha five million is thoroughly safe nor has information been developed permittin a better estimate of safe dustiness It is nevertheless of the greatest importance either that such assurances be sought or a new yardstick of accomplishment be found for acu curately measuring any remaining hazard in the dust zone below five million for the elimination of future asbestosis depends upon the degree of contre effected now Measurement of Dustiness One basis of uncertainty as to applying present conventional counting techniques to the reasurement of asbestos dust hazards below the five million level is summarized in the question -- are the fibers of aste the causative agent or the fibrous cubical particles that look like those of other industrial dusts The fibrous particles in most textile operations comprise 80-95 per cent of the total dust seen in dust counting While it is proven that asbestos dust is the cause of asbestosi there is no certain information as to what shape or size of dust is the causative factor The correlation studios of the U.S.Public Health Service 1947 ' + June 1947 Survey Survey for Asbestos Textile instituto instituto IMPORTANCE OF FERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS One of the most important elements of a program of protecting heal of workers in dusty occupations is the periodic medical examination The li of scientific information regarding all aspects of asbestosis is serious This carnot be emphasized The obvious procedure to help overcome the deficiency is to employ every tool new available that will threw more light the facts The importance of the periodic redical ray examination can po^,, haps best to emphasized by stating that dust count investigations cannot j^/ the present state of knowledge give us assurance 20 to the extent of cur sud cess in eliminating the hazard : . Regular emninations cerve to protect the worker by giving early dication of health impairment due to dust and permit intelligent action to taken to avoid further serious health deterioration This is particularly true if the detection is early enough and there is no progression to late stage asbestosis More important for the long term the accumulation of factual in formation regarding the health status of exposed workers statistically int preted in relation to dustiness studies and to mechanical developments in -. control equipment will eventually indicate when the battle of asbestosis trol is being won This aspect of the problem is elaborated in the follow section The inventory provided by such medical program is just as imper aN to intelligent action in this problem as material inventories are to the propor conduct of business . A RRCR 3 0 | "! * Preliminary June 1947 Dust Survey for Asbestos AsAsbebstoes stos Textile Institute a . a II MEDICAL PRESENT MEDICAL FACILITIES AND PRACTICES Every plant has connections with a local specialist in radiolog ' who is employed for disgnostic work on an irregular basis * Three have thes own ray machines used by the local specialist but only one hasa well- established schedule of periodic medical examinations Half of the plants have no positive information as to the inciden of asbestosis among their workers The situation is these respects is in- dicated in Table II TABLE II MEDICAL PRESENT PRACTICES AND FACILITIES AS TO FACILITIES FAY EXAMIIKIIONS IN VARIOUSPLANTS Plant A B A E =: G zt I J Recent ray- Survey Made Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No You Periodic ray Examinations Made ____ No No | , No No No No _ No Yes : No No Have Own ray Machine . Yes Mi on No (4 wid | No No No am No . No : Yes No J M Yes Within last few years and results available to plant or its physician t . & Proliminary June 1947 Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute I- ENGINEERING PRESENT STATUS OF DUST CONTROL Practically Practical y all plants visited have had one or more dust count a veys made of their operations and these data were available for the preser study In addition a few samples were taken by the investigator in most .. These records were studied and a range of concentrations judged most representative selected for the summary given in Table I. Where relate ly extremo values appear it is an indication of too few data to permit a =7 . estimate | Figures in the last column are selected to indicate the magnitude readily attainable dust concentrations with dust control measures now in - uso or judged to be most typical of an operation where no special dust on measures are employed e.g. ring spinning Discussion of Concentrations The available dust count data for operations in the preparation are highly variable and reflect the poorer accuracy in sampling inherent in operations that are intermittent and miscellaneous in character These fig are therefore considered much less reliable then those for other departm The figures for carding room dustiness indicate that with reasom good enclosure exhaust of the machines concentrations well below thre million are obtainable Four of the plants visited exceed the five milla limit materially All the data for mule spinners exposure indicate a vide variation dustiness ranging from two to eight million but the volume of data are Prelinirary Dust Surve y for Asbestos Textile Institute, | June, 1947, *SUNVId SINOD LNUAdIG 2-3 NI Spinning WOULNOD ADVRAV Spining 2-4 ISAC 2-6 40 1-2 SHLVIS 2-4 INasid Teotdy,UyTA ToIzU0g [aotg we - G- i-t <-T - yoo DIFFERENT DUST DESCRIBED LUST COUNTS DESCRIBED TERMS OF AVERAGE G a - = I 08 S T) - F - Ss 1-3 H - SE - g - L-y L-G 10-25 4-12_1 3 2-4 2-3 (OT-e 30-50 d gt Ss z 2 ye G-t - a + OS 5-8 2-4 2-10 - 13-18 a #6 < 2-5 ~ 1-5 2-10 2-10 zZ FG 9. 9 - LG St-Itl - = ST)@ ' <-T G-l G-T) G-T - UY - TT - 4-2 gra eT 4-2 Buy ds Buy ds uo} eavdorg SUT BLAS Buy PuByuy PIL) ony wuyy pAL avay todspuyny Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute June 1947 Textile Institute great enough to yield a good average Concentrations for ring spinning from one to five million although there is no strong indication in the ar data of marked differences between this operation and mule spinning There is a similar wide variation in date for twisting tro to million but there is some justification in these date for the opinion w held that this is one of the dustier operations in the finishing end of ' It is believed that occasional high values in both ring spinning and twic reflect in some cases the sampling procedure If the large impinger is = tained in one location and there is a strand breakage in that immediate the resulting whipping dust will be reflected in that single sample and woul not therefore be representative of the worker's exposure Dustiness in weaving operations reflects the use of water for .. control in some plants and exhaust systems in others The lowest concent tions of one to two million obtained in Plant A reflect highly efficient weaving methods there employed Concentrations less than four to five of are readily attainable by local exhaust methods as indicated by the resw | several plants The data for spooling and winding operations are included for . pleteness but reflect miscellaneous operations and conditions The due ported is often due to the effect of other machinery in the came room considerations therefore affect the reliability of these data as in the of operations in the preparation room ' 'P* reliminary Duct Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto Instituto Juno 1947 EXISTING DUST CONTROL FRACTICES The following discussion of dust control practices in the industr is merely an outline To be useful to those who are responsible for the engineering in each plant they will need to be set forth in the form of detailed specifications describing details of construction specification for sheet Estal contractors for purchase of fans of proper capacity and i design and operation of dust collectors Prateretion Highly variable practices prevail in different plants and the mis cellaneous character of operations within a single plant makes it imprecti to formulate many general statements However it may be said that such t trol as is realized results from the use of modern equipment that is well closed and which usually incorporates pneumatic conveyors with ceiling con densers The large movement of air involved in pneumatic transport serve useful additional purpose of preventing the escape of dust from the prima equipment Discharge of stock from ceiling condensers into bins stock beor feed hoppers is a dust usually not under control The blending operats is another source which is often not satisfactorily controlled With the ception of these two common operations most of the dust control procedus quired will be moro or less specific for each plant Carding As has been noted reduction of dustiness in carding to concent tions of three million or less is easily attained by good enclosure of Y . machine and carefully designed exhaust Moreover experience of several  * f. " Proliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto June 1947 companies proves that it does not interfere seriously with manufacturing operations nor with quality of roving produced Our investigations indicate the superior advantages of having '. . walls of the enclosure of wood to facilitate small clearance by rubbing tact at the edge of the main cylinder thus avoiding excessive air infil tion at that point Wood covers have the advantage of resistance to cru which was evident in installations with sheet metal covers Connection of the enclosure to the exhaust system by means of - bers of exple dimensions 1.e. large sectional areas is of major portance to avoid localized high air velocities close to the webbing in ~ main cylindor This detail was not always observed In view of similar degrees of success judged by dust counts tween various installations the best criterion of superior design as tails of exhaust from the machine was in the relative economy respectin volume of air exhausted per machine Our observations indicated rathes treme variations as indicated in the following table of exhaust rates < carding set in five representative plants Plant Air Exhausted Per Set _ A an : B E G Bik wtf It is apparent from this 1500 cfm 2200 cfm 3800 5400 2000 cfm cfm cfm investigation that . 2000-2500 \ \. cfm por of breaker and finisher cards is emple exhaust capacity if the system properly designed 1947 June Preliminary Dust Survey Survey for AsbeAstsosbestos Textilo Textilo Institute Institute All five of the systers described in the table serve their pure satisfactorily from the viewpoint of operation but it does not mean that they would be equally satisfactory to others Thus the plant with high -. haust capacity G has a unique interplant tunnel connection sc that ext heat from another plant supplies replacement air without added cost for o or winter discomfort spacious by Plant E controls dust roch exhausted at a rate completely housing each pair of cards of 2000 cfm Sidewells are easily rer ed for repairs Most plants would not prefer this arrangement As far as the dust count data can show the card room of Plant with 2200 cfm is equal if not superior to that of Plant E with 3800 of recently installed system The fundamental features of best card dust control systems ob | , are as follows ~ a 1. Wood enclosure with hingeing arrangement 2. Liberal clearance between worker rolls and curve of cover permitting air passage at low velocity 3 .. Large chamber connection on cover to duct 4. Duct branch not over " preferably 4 5. No blast gate dampers in branch line 6. ExhaustExhaust influence over comb either by extension of main cover or by separate hoods 7. Exhaust space under machine not over 4 duct 8. Enclosure and exhaust of food hopper not over 4 duct Two installations include en exhaust branch to prevent the en dust originating in the space between the ring doffers and the main cyl^n e t Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto aap June 1947 of weeks the system operation will suffer Apparently some of the older commercial flat bag type of collectors did exhibit that difficulty Modif cations in the design of such units have however been incorporated in m recent models and those difficulties may have been eliminatedeliminated Two plants employ commercial collectors of the flat beg or enve type . Another plant uses a cloth tube commercial collector and also one . filtering element is of paper which is replaced at intervals of several 7 A study of operating details of these commercial collectors is indicated - this study including considerations of original cost and operating cost Recirculation Several plants return air from the dust collectors to the worked conserve heat in the cold weather We are not prepareadt this point eiti to condone or to condemn this practice except in cases where there is obvi ly leakage of dust through the filter and consequent recontamination of t air inside the plant The practice is generally frowned upon where dusts that are hazardous to health are Pe circumstances where the practice being might handled We believe there are cer _ be permissible provided adequate a - guards are incorporated in operating procedures The large volumes of air involved in dust control represent a tremendous problem as to heat loss boilor capacity which cannot be passed over lightly ' - feos e. Asbestos Proliminary Dust SurveySurvey for Juno 1947 Asbestos Textile Instituto WES UA ee ESTIMATED INCIDENCE OF ASPESTOSIS The incidence of asbestosis among employees of those plants wher employees were examined in recent years shows a marked variation as indic ed by the following . A exten Ma Ma past about Plant A 20 per cent has and recorded in the cases diagnosed as asbestosis to the nine years has compensated on the aver two cases per annum Total textile employment about 400 Plent C on the basis of a recent systematic survey estimates asbestosis incidence to be about three to four per cent MantD has results from an incomplete survey in which four cas were found among those volunteering for examination with a total textile ~ ployment of around 150. Three more are pending They have compensated one case in about 10 years. | . PlantEE with a textile employment of 300 finds five or six cases annually that the physician believes show early changes due to asbestos Plant J hes counted potential cases of asbestosis amounting in numbetro about 20 por cent comparable with Plant = The other plants have conducted no systematic ray surveys of their own and have no information as to incidence among their employees None of these has had cases requiring compensation turnover While in the we have several no complete data on history plants it is apparent that of employment and late . there is at least auge ficially a marked inconsistency in this picture Also it is clear that for Preliminary Dust SurveySurvey Institute . Juno 1947 for AsbestosAsbestos Textile STATISTICAL STUDIES OF MEDICAL RECORDS There are two very important questions concerning the physiological answered nature of asbestos that have not yet been by any published investl investl a gation 1 .. What is the expectation of asbestosis in workers exposed mot than 15-20 years to low concentrations of asbestos dust Among the 500 workers who composed the subjects in the U.S. Public Health Service study there were abnormally few who had been exposed for more than 15 years and practically none over 20 years These facts seriously affected the conclu- - sions that could be drawn 2. Is there a progression to advanced asbestosis after exposur an individual has been discontinued or has been reduced to very low level. due to action of dust very great importance deposits from earlier exposure This to intelligent medical supervision of | | question is on workers in the plants It is virtually certain that statistical investigations of exi : records would throw valuable light on these questions None of the plants visited during this inquiry have sufficienti- extensive and systematic systematic records to provide satisfactory answers to these questions but the medical department of Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Life Insurance Com under Dr. A. J. Lanza have rays of a number of men obtained in the cast 1930's which could provide the nucleus of some useful information depenal on how many of the original group are available for ray Dust iy *. , Proliminary Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto ~~ 100 June 1947 4 The question as to whether a plant should purchase its own ray equipment is an economic one involving consideration of cost of local outsi medical and ray facilities and of loss of employce tire in travel etc. Diamontic Panel To further the objective of improvement and uniformity in diagno procedures , a medical section of the program is proposed in the form of a MEDICAL ASHESTOSIS PAREL to be composed of outstanding medical men in this field and of the physician designated by each company as the one responsib for its medical and diagnostic work The composition as to outside medical personnel of this panel would be determined by its objectives the assembling of the best possible medical brains and the mutual education in diagnostic procedures that comes from exchanges of scientific experiences and information The panel would meet perhaps annually and consider the si nificance of ray films and other clinical data brought to the group by es participeting physician Dr. C. Richard Walmer's services would availab for the organization and other details | for Asbetos ', Proliminary Dust SurveySurvey for June 1947 | AsAsbbestos estos Textile Institute Institute Institute The most outstanding store of information is in the records of the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the North Carolina Department of Heali who in accordance with state law have rayed workers in this and other dusty industries almost annually for the past 10 years A study of these records would undoubtedly cast much light on the question of progression Through officials of the company members in North Carolina we already haw assurances of their full cooperation in any investigations and although w have not discussed the matter with them directly as to details there is every reason to suppose that the desired information would be made availabl to us for the purposes described In addition a general ray and medical survey of workers in on or two plants with a long history of high order of dust control would be a great value for this purpose tute habostos '- Proliminary Dust Survey for June 1947 habhaboostosstos Toxtile Institute \ employed conventional dust count techniques which in effect related incide of asbestosis to the number of fibrous particles of a size ranging from to five 10 microns or | For illustration illustration suppose the causative dust element is something different c.g. fiters that less than 50-60 microns long and less the count method 1-2 microns in diemeter The conventional dust B would to satis factory only if there were a fairly constant ratio between the two types of dust it would in that case provide an adequate index Preliminary Studies on Qualities of Aoteatos Dust With a view to eventual development of supplementary methods for measuring asbestos dust concentrations on a weight basis we have conducted some preliminary studies directed to the colorimetric determination of tota silics in the minute quantities of asbestos dust obtained in a typical atmos pheric sample This requires development since it could provide a valuable tool for further investigation microscopic particles and fibers * Another aspect of the dust examination problem on which prelimina work has been done involved studies with the electron microscope We poses the two following questions . 1. Ordinary dust particles , one three microns in diameter ou prise most of the particles in the dust count They look like ordinary industrial dust and we refer to them as cubical as distinguished from fibre particles The question is are these particles in fact fibrous or aut they bundles of fibers . - 4, Preliminary Dust Survey Survey June 1947 for Asbestos Textile Institute Awnmrnan III - PEYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DUST COUNTS Correlation between development of asbestosis and some pertinent measure of dustiness e.g. dust counts can be developed by periodically | serving and recording data on both aspects -- periodic medical examination of exposed workers together with the periodically measured dust exposure of ench Ecwever to be useful for preventive purposes , theseprocedures have to be ext^dedinto the past whorever data is available This was the procede ure employed in the studies of the U.S.Public Health Service in North Carol plants Public Health Bulletin No. 241 1938 The main value of dust counts in asbestos plants is to obtain date on duct concentrations that can be compared with that study and thus lead conclusions as to probability of development of asbestosis in the particul plant being studied In that study dustiness of different occupations was measured in the usual manner and also the incidence of asbestosis by medical and ray examinations of the men employed A statistical comparison of the two set data led the investigators to the conclusion that new cases of asbestosis would probably not occur if dust control measures were undertaken ensure that no dust exposures exceeded five million particles per cubic foot measured in the same manner Preliminary Dust Survoy for Asbestos Textile Instituto , June 1947 Soinring Mankin Mankin One plant has installed ventilation for their ring spinning fr which management believes has reduced dust in this operation It consist in a series of exhaust openings under the frame near the floor running the length of each frame Tire did not permit demonstrating to our cum satisfaction whether a measurable improvement had been effected or not This should be done by a series of dust reasurements with exhaust on end off The volume of air exhaust is insufficient to effect a true local s haust action and if it is effective it Eust therefore be an effect of simple dilution Twisting Interest in control of dust from twisters is widespread in the dustry and Plants A and B have installed an exhaust system like the one scribed for the spinning frames in Plant A Here again the operators de a marked improvement has resulted Dust count data is needed that will measure the degree of improvement Cop winders have been exhausted in Plants A and B with report beneficial reduction in dustiness We do not have quantitative data on point The exhaust arrangement for Foster winders was developed many yo ago and is well know The tendency to elimination of this machine make the problem one of little practical interest now In ost plant dust from other equipment such as spinning- twisting which are commonly in the same room is of greater importance ~that from winding operations Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute Institute June 1947 yardstick because it is suggested that when control below five million i attained present dust count methods may not properly measure the remainin hazard A detailed sumary of recomendations for a long investige is given at the end of this report June 1947 Engineering << Mechanical methods were seen in use in one or t plants which effected practical dust control in all operations bringing concentrations down to five million or lower with one or two exceptions is proposed to prepare formal detailed descriptions of these methods for al distribution to members of Asbestos Textile Institute _ Medical Suvervision of Workers -- Only five plants have had an medical ray surveys of employees In the others therefore there is a serious lack of information as to the incidence of asbestosis The lick serious sense more in a because in most of these plants no compensable . of asbestosis have occurred to draw attention of top management to the pat While the medical survey conducted by one plant recently shows only about per cent of the employees with asbestosis two other plants appear to hav 20 per cent of their employees affected Medical supervision of workers in this industry industry is of utmost in portance for the protection of both employee and employer not to mention considerations Therefore it is strongly recommended that each plant in tute a prograomf medical and ray examinations of all exposed workers 2: early as practical . Physical Testing Dust Counts etc. -- The maximum permissib dustiness for asbestos is commonly taken to be five million particles p foot This represents good attainment in the dust control program It . phasized however that dust elimination to this extent does not positive be sure that no asbestosis will develop in some workers after a long worldng . ss greater than 20-25 years Scientific evidence is obscure on this point = : recommended therefore that studies be initiated aimed to develop anothe Se atm Om CY LUD BU UC BS Ae Varad cob bd Vee wn ere oom : 2. Secondly -- since the limit of resolution of the microscope lenses used in dust counting does not permit seeing particles very much sm than one micron one my ask if there are many fibers of great length but . such small width that they are invisible - Samples of atmospheric dust were obtained for examination examination by the electron microscope by mounting the small specimen slide used with this instrument the dust collecting zone of the electric precipitator In or to eliminate very large fibers the air being sampled was caused to pess fix- through a glass spiral coated with adhesive on its interior This subjected the dust particles to centrifugal force and the largest ones would be pre- cipitated out much as they might be in the nasal passages of man Studies with other industrial dusts employing this spiral indicate that very rarely do cubical particles larger ceed in passing through the several turns of than three to the spiral five microns suc In samples obtainedwith this apparatus in a card room having a . good dust control we obtained pictures some of which are reproduced in the attached Figure They demonstrate first that the cubical particles seen by a low power microscope are in fact bundles of fiber resembling a life size handful of partially opened fibers The picture further demonstrated that there are many fibers of no siderable length some fully 50 microns whose other dimmmsion is on a frection of a micron the fiber is therefore invisible in the dust counting microscope a _: >" @: \. a 4: 4 i Wrw) an - tere : iuione aer ey Se a a -3 ne | . ~ 7, ye Rn a - ~ . ow : ee J G : J + . . \ . oe . ay ad 4 " fi <cer . 4 LA 3 \ vo Sa. N a 4. ^' YY e fy PHOTMICROGAPHS raat a f c t PHOTOMICROGRAPHS . ; aa \ cf 4, 4 . (an 2 THIS c ? 8 . ) c cf ~ aan : r i | Je aard % . - maryEN * an er rm L ; ae \ Te 2 3 O . e i a. Ps oat a ow mall * - . w oe, 4 ? Co oyr wed cy oD yoo . ee es ew 1G . ee Reg .: .,.+} ' , o a 9, yr ne . A 4 ' 4 * { ; |4 ) M : i = wf . 4 Z . . S t - e / le, fh KF M . Ney ee\ ". eeaa a. : af fem a > , : - Se ar yo . 3 : "s . e Ct: baked3 . a T ASBESTOS sf o> BORNE . . e PA . + . 4 DIAMETER MICRON J x, 2 a , . MAGNIFICATION QQQ f *y . X 00SS NOILVANO ) ~ Iso ~ SOLIASVY VALNVIG ANVOE-YIV { NOYIM AO AIOVID Sz SHAVUDOIWLHA NOvLOaT . Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute June 1947 n-- -- They also showed some fibero a few microns in length whose diemel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 - fibers about 0.1 micron in width | ' In addition to the light these observarions throw on the sub- microscope character of acbestos dust they are cited to indicate the othe qualities that might be pertinent to evaluation of dust exposure to suppl rent the duct count technique now in use *,', * q Juno Juno ime 1947 EF ok A ey Oe bh iS ee Ont tn INREFENT DUSTINESS OF STOCK considered In investigations of the type being presently | a prim to ain must be develop improvements in dust control with the minimum of vas motion and expensive experimentation on a plant scale At the stage of ' obvious development of the industry causes of dust are very often not a | exmination of dust count records made available to us combined with the .. _ tests we performed ourselves provide numerous instances of variation the cause of which is not apparent We undertook recently to measure the amount of dust in the roving different manufacturers by suspending a measured quantity of roving in alo then making a dust count in the same manner as with air samples The resul would be expressed in millions of particles per yard of roving er per gram and would be of great advantage in relating differences in dustiness to the causative factor Such a measurement technique would be essential in appre ing the actual value of oil We do not have sufficient data on this effort on which to draw co clusions There are difficulties to be overcome and the solution depends more laboratory experimentation Another test method which would be of value is a standardized =: anical abuse of roving in a small vessel while sucking a stream of air wit resulting dust as in the sampling for ordinary dust counts A test of this kind in conjunction with the dustiness index would be of value in evaluat the oiling practice or it might take the place entirely of the procedure previously outlined * yy a. Preliminary Dust Survey for hobectos Textile Institute June 1947 OUTLINE OF RECCENDED PROCEDURES FOR ASBESTOSIS DIVESTICATIONS ; . X. ENGINEERING A. Dissemination of Existing Information . Provide factual information to Institute members with least possi delay prepare bulletins with design sketches on some or all or several subjects listed below to be distributed singly as read Additional field observations required in many cases . 1. Carding dust control for various makes of machines 2. Dust in preparation Hiscellaneous operations 3. Wet weaving equipment 4. Exhaust for Dry weaving 5. Exhaust for winders etc. 6. Design of duct work 7. Design of dust house B. Develoment of New Techniques for Dust Control this category the problems for which there are no present answers like twisting spinning appraisal of operation efficiency and cost of commercial dust collectors etc. e Institute Institute Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile , June 1947 i. 8 8 II MEDICAL A. Institution of Periodic Medical Examinations This is urgently recommended to all as to organizations procedures will upon request companies be given by Medical advico the Foundation B. Ormanication of a Diagnostic Panel for Asbesto is Arranged by the Foundation's Medical Director and organized to meet in Pittsburgh at suitable intervals for scientific review of diagnostic problems reading of ray films etc. Panel to consist of individual company physician or medical consultants together with other medical authoritics to be determined C. Statistical Study of Existing Madical Records . Designed to find answers to important questions concerning medical and physical nature of asbestosis especially concerned with records of State of North Carolina Metropolitar Life Insurance Company etc. . PHYSICAL TESTING -- Further Dust Studies Studies of physical and chemical characteristics of asbestos dust designed in conjunction with medical studies to provide more significant information concerning the nature of the dust exposure to develop supplementary techniques for measuring remaining asbestosis hazard after reduction of dust to set the present standard to insure that effective control of dust has been attained * This is a step by step program aimed at the elimination of asbestosis cases from the plants of Asbestos Textile Institute members ELCTAON THIS PHOTNICRGAPHS CIRCLE OF 1 MICRON AIR-BUANE DIAMETR ASBETOS - DUST - ' days a : aR wa ASG LS Loan d oa y eewhe peer Vue . MAGNIFCTO 5500 X -_ V"] ~ Le Sivjay te RATAL 1 JHM33018 * Preilainarybust Zanketten Zanketten Iemerandre on 3.3.Asbestos Inc. Supplementing the Manhein Plant of Raybestos 4 gation for Asbestos Ganarul facort Textile Institute of June 1947 Sumber Bareed ise 1 10 Sine, Location General air in finisher card room at Dust Const 2.6 2 6 Tips M Mies, 4 -* 12Stns. , 10 ttas. - Statler to Xo. 1, mut at secaines 6 and Ly. = General air taxes while down aisles of walking up and spioning frames Z air takan General shile walking up and down tales of twistine auchines _ A& operator of loom to. WW, a sachias zeae distant from twisters 2.9 2.0 5.8 2.1 Dust Control Practions the tabulation In concerning this plant is shown to affect good Sovever in of of any plant dustiness about -tib 50 per cont greater air flow capacity to llary branedes). carding zachine exhaust systems results with the lowest rate extanat plant 5 ts autornIdy or the extra distributed auri- Yatton} survey This plant has been included among those even though not especially systematic with having had a recent cay respect to time because Of the podtcy of volantary ezaainaticns. . - The incidence of asbestosis indicated by company records are ground , Galled by one other plant, tat la the cage of the latter tnrere ts diagnosis for doubt as to the accuracy of the according to the present medical director . JHM3.3020 - COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 Namorandum on U.S. Lebestos ilanhela Plant of Baybestoantanbattan, Tac. Supplementing The | Prekininary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute ., OF Jane19,47 Dustinean ' annimmtd < the General Asport ma nngs of concentration Matad in C lumaA, Table 1, was fixed by on examination. of the dust count data ef recent years in company fllee vith a little vetebt civea to car owa taken at the time of our visit Dust count data for the preparation departamt vore not adequats for estimating average exposures Cust control in carding is equalled by several planta but is better we believe in the Charleston plant of this company industry Destiness in weaving is believed to be the Lowest in the as Our om dust counts sede on March 19 are follower JHM33019 os a . Tenerendum on General Asbestos and Rubber Plant of Preliminary Eunhattan Inc. Supplementing the General Report Dust Investigation for lxbestos Textile Institute of June 1947 2 Low and so would advise that arrangements be made with ^/rFehnel for a without theruughly complete survey _ waiting for such changes & liberal mumber of samples in sach operation is required to establish average | , figures East counts aude by us are as fellowes Number 1 : Tine Ains Location __ Count 10 Genarai air near take and of card 0.2 machines distant from formman's office 2 10 10 In breathing some of opera 0.6 tort following his during sa 3 10 In breathing zone of operator of Foster 0.6 vinar About 1/4 of dusk branches almered by bobbia ' ' 4 10 General air taken while following with 0.5 8a 6 to 7 fect of operator of ring spinning from ' n 10 General air in vicinity of & exhausted 0.6 loons dry a 10 In breathing some of operator of one 0.3 Loan . 7 10 Ceneral air taken while walking up 0.9 and down alales of twisters Exhaustad Exhaustad 6 Same so Xo 7 but ezhanat system shut 1.8 off 3 JHH3300 3 , Xemorandus on General isbastos and Rubber Plant of WaytestosManhattan Inc. Supalmunting the General Resort rella^>nery fast Ynrestigation far dabeatos Textile Inatitutefi of Juno, 1947. Rust Central Practices It is suspected that the unique fiber treatment in the preparation process say do such to reduce destiness in subsequent textile operations The tests described under Taherent Dustiness of Stack > 26 general resort) would illuatnnte this polat vbea fully cevelozed. Carding . ceceral Ts tee tabulation of card exhaust cates (pare 8, _, Poet) this plant has we believe somewhat better central than Plant & requiring about per cent creater air flow per machine All of the eight good features listed on page 9 vero absorvad an these cards Ze ate of the sainisa teat t:e 2 iccr cucts arranged to exhaast the space between ring deffere and cain cylinder is not fully offective dus to rapid plugging but are coare that the objective is worthwhile The plugging is caused by ineffective distribution of planned air flow which in tien, fa the rreult of cross alfferences in retetion Lose betzeen the szali diazster and larger diznetar brezchse referred to under Cuct Surt top page 12). ThereLs seme tacicatians fram Sast ecant data af velue ts the aalat= ing exhaust syston but the data are fragmentary and inconclusive Te rould Lixze to see several, onand off testa nade alternately in seme day for con- fi epetion. JHH33023 he desorandum on Generi Asbestos and fubber Plant of Raybestos- Hanbattan, Suce, Sugplesanting the Genorn) fanoct Prelisisery Cust Investigation for labertos Textile Institute of June 1947 Secical . teins Tuts plact ts one of these vitheut adequate isforeation as ta ths incidence or absence of asbestosis and we strongly recommend the institu- aenm ip tice of a system af sedicel savervision es Locleated la this cectica af the general report I ht < / / par t wan in sont part to tats company The information that could be gained from a stutis- <= sical study of the incidence of asbestosis as related to working history faa hank with tkLa record would de of very yreat yaluss Head Kurincer JHE33024 JHE3 024 COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13 Pa, July 11 1947 Kemorandum on Plant of. . Philadelphia Asbestos Company Supplementing The Textile Preliminary Just Investigation for Asbestos | Institute Of June 1947 | | | . This plant is designated as C in the general report and the quatizons summarized in that column of Table 1. For reasons outlined in the seral report the values for preparation are probably not very repre- , sentative in any of the plants and only approximate comparisons therefore . can to nade The data . for carling and saving confirm the . observable fact of high mustiness in this clant Only one other plant in the group is con- parable to it Our own dust counts which supplement those in the company files are as followes JHM33025 TIRANA AAS . 4 . 2. Plant Philadelphia Philadelphia Asbestos Report _ Memorandum on Plant of sear. santing the General Company Susple Susple for Asbestos Textile institute of JuPrneliminaery Du1s9t47Investigation ; Xumber 1 N eb . os 4 3 Elapsed Mine Zina ) Location Cust Count S General air near wule apinner Located 5.7 nearest to office Judged that no dust from any adjointer department 5 At Loom So. 94 dry weaving Judged 26.6 . that most just from weaving although . possible contribution from sicker room 5. 5. At high speed & cards at delivery 17.0 and Exposure of operator Considerable dust contribution from older cards in edjoining room , . ' General air in old card room Ineffect tive abent zatal canopy boods over caris 10 Conural air sample obtained while walk ing up and down aisles between twisting sachines . 66 Dust Control Practices Control of dust from the & carum cannot be very satisfactory while that from the older cards is uncontrolled If their use is to be contimed isswilate steps should be takes to provide proper enclosuria for contimed Bitimate exhaust of the P & S cards will will doubtless differ in come details from other sakes but for the present the following points are to be notad The existing arrangesents differ from best practies listed on pago 9 general report a to tome , 4 6 7 and 8. Especially diandrue- tageous is the large diameter 8 inch brauch unet from the top of the hous- ing in combination with the carree slot connection to the neasfax \Z SUMME . . woe %. Yenorandma on Plant of Philacelile isdastss sonsany, Susgle~ seating the Ganural decort Preliminary Dust Investigatiun for nebestos Textile Instituta of June 1947 The practice of roeireumtos air air the runt collector is . azustionsable alttsues it sap sopear that Less 4tffleulty still be axpartene- ed with this type of collector than some others in use In order to follow any changes in pressure drop & simple water tube should be instell instell that will indicate this value and can be frequently observed na gratat ad Aust from carding menious '" cout This woule be covered by the program cutiized cutiized in tue geaerad report for the wa; tars project. Medical ~~ The ray survey of this plant made recently showing only 1 to 4 r ' sharp contrast to the experience we we other . " Lacking information as to detail vork history of the employses no azpiana- tion can be offered now but the discrepancy soould be investigatal Seveie eseua Head insincer JHH33027 ' COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC _ 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA -. July 11 1947 Iemorandus on Plant of Kanabey ^ attison Company Supplementing The Institute Preliminary bust Investigation For Asbestos Textile . a of June 1947 This plant is designated as D in the general report and an - praisal of its dustiness in summarized in that colum of Table 1. Por reasons outlined in that report the values for the preparation department are not considered truly representative of any one plant and therefore only proximate comparisons can be sade Our own just count in the carding room vas zaterially lower then those in the company's lise reported by the Stute in 1944 but so have sive little weight to our values because they are single samples and therefore abject to sameling linitations de assumen trat no cajor soil- fleations oute bena sade f^rLaproved quat control since tha tias Os q , , C7 teesranden og Float of Leng) somery} tamarandam Severs Predistsucy tamarandam J & oust fethisog Le, Thvestivatt co CUP platen blag the af Tralissary Investigation "OO toe bas tos below be Wwrrretas by Steps tite COmSany ras taxen train currsetn^> steps train sea to this this work steps Counts ace given *ork, Elapsed Elapsed _ Location i pF) In alslse betveen waetons operatica Csust 1.20 Yresun's General of zachinas end of all 4,5,6 and down aschines sit About 3 down 5 Seteeen 2 loons at POSi tian 312 ) 2.5 ~. 4 General ater in operation weave faces 3 te 4 looes C.Y operations tssity ose Stecussiog Recirculation Recirculation of from the Small tag house not operations is practics , and this coze theory Lactave of sust throush the turis, Pilteeta, ty seaecal report, ouge 47.) is obvious oper {9 ( ce eiexzent, (See Xodical Securtes because because voluntary Claracter, Ye the wre sztarsive sow survey . | | 3 Namorandum on Plant of Keasbey & attimo Co. Supplementing the quart Prelistuary Best Investigation for habestos Tastika Institute of June 1947 planned for May 1947 shone the same incidence as indicated in the past 100 pare 15 plant :) some explanation ste ste sucht is the work history of othervise for the spectacular discrepancy between trean figures sad these for plants h d and J. B.C.b. B.C.b. B.C.b. B.C.b. Henson dead sexinver oo gt H733030 H733030 . COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE . . PITTSBURGH 13. Pa July 11 1947 e . ' Memorandus on Plant of . Carolina Asbestos Company Sappinu,, ntingthe . General deport Preliminary ust Investigation for Asbestos Asbestos Textile Tactitute Tactitute of June 1947 Distinces Tais plant is designated as in the general report and an a praisal of its dustiness is summarizsummearizedd in that column of Table 1 Hr Terry's Just count date carry heavier zeight than the imple ones made by us because they were more userous and therefore provide a katier avarage The values given in the table therefore are bavily velibted velibted by these figures The figures laticate that Jest control in equal to that in the avera^e good plants of the croup Elight ifferences betreen planta planta should not be taken too literally since normal variations of wee j tule sccur . mn , ... ~~ . Kemorandum on Pleat of Caroline isbestos Co. Eupplementing the Hanural_famnet Hanural_famnet Preliminary bust Investigation for Lebastos Institute of June 1347 Pestile Our own single lust counts are given telaws Tumber z 2 2 . & The Litna Operatione Operatione a ^' 6 6 5 preparation room At outside doorway of Visible dust from nearby bag house slawing in this tirsation Taran to seusure degree of possible recontamination General air around eards 1,2,7,6,5 and 6 General air armed cards 17,14 and 15 Flailla must aucu n from 3o 14 bronzer General air stile zakala ap and down - sisles between tristara tristara Counts 3.5 0.3 3.3 2.2 Fuel Central Central Erections caring The new exhaust system is good except that considaeable not notab tust vas meaping si cards 16 and 15 the cause of which we id | Lish The sheet metal unclosures may eventually aned to ba re lacedc a to rearing of holes in the sides at the ria of the zela eyilmer and to | crushing of NOTERS before this bases serious initial staps about to will taken to make the conversion gradually since considerable time sup repair to effect the change for ali menima Medical Ta Table II pre 14 general raport se bave latii tuis company as not having kan any ray survey because of the fict that the state's JHM33032 ^' - Caroline demoradus on Plant of ' ' ? ' ' Labertos Labertos Ch Supplementier ae Lvsatientia the Kustimate of June ? oriabanos oriabanos . 3, ? " " findings are amilable only in a negative say The fast is that no informa- ties is avetiahle ts ths GUSSANF <8 %3 Lacicence of sabestautz Toe minarts fathts sectian of thy Faraet Lance of the zerlottc setical exenlcatloc soot tee sertlenlsr prozrus of She State of ores Felatiwn & ti, lapore th te vissea in ) Larohias, sfare #zecific advice on this conli practices postciea of the State point we would to see what want to explore the Be worded cut fey ertanding and tie. Tha axe . aloestion sonld te mart of the naliced ead sf the antained ta the general long=turn report. OOrPan,Ag 3 od eneoer od n wsIaAAD INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. Pa July 11 1947 Memorandum on Plant of . Southern Asbestos Company . Supplementing The General Recort Preliminary bust Investigation For Asbestos Textile Institute"Institute" _ 02 June 1947 This plant is designated by the Letter F in the general report . and our ap risalof its castiness summarized in that column in Table 1 Cur own dust counts were much lower then those recorded in the company's files Since they however were only single samples great . relianen cannot be placed on them To have therefore not weighted them heavily in selecting figures to represent typical dustiness good figures The indicate that dust control is equal to plant of the group Olffermoes that may appear from the averaja a superficial comparison should not be taken too literally Thus there is no reason twisting to believe that is any less amaty in this plant them la may ather JHM33034 ae Our dust counts are given below , Glapsed Dunt operator I At breathin wne of of locas 0.4 5 and 6. Dry wea butrlai y ben an g 13 hausted by 2 to 4 inch branches and extaust under wire at floor level Thermoid Isoma and 16 and in = 2 $s it breathing veeving 15 one of operator Dang 0.5 3 . 0 General air while walking up and dows 2 aislas between twisting frames Only& machines rumiar 4 " General air while walking up and down 0.5 aislas between soimisz Dust Control Practices The company plans for installation of new sarding zachizes will afford an opportunity for installation of a first class modern extaust system It also means that it will be of great importance to Eave specific test data anabling us to free accurate specifications for the sont effective and economical exhaust system for the particular nage of care installed This is contemplated as a part of the proposed long term project The discussion on dust collectors page 12 is pertinent to this plant The long project incluies as cas of its earliest objectives the developsant of rational specifications for either construction or purchase of appropriate mat collectors JHH33035 3 the Kemorandum on Plant of Southern Asbestos Co. Supplementing General Resort Preliminary Cunt Investigation for Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos Textlia Instituta of Jum 1947 Nutical In Table II page 14 general report se bave listed this commoy as not having had any ray findings are available only survey because of in a negative say the fact that the state's The fact is that no inform nation is available to the company is to Incidence of eastoals eastoals The remarks in this section of the report relative to the impor- tance of the periodic medical axasization shat te vissed in the light of ne perticular program of the State of specific specific advice on this print ve mid policies of the State to see what will extma'ng North Carolina Before rest to explore the prections and be worked out with them This ex- ploration would to a part of the medical end of the long prostas as outlined in the general report F.C.L. Escon quad Engineer | JHM33036 COPY - INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 M^ THAVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 Zemorandum on Plant of The Garlock Packing Company Supplementing The General Report Preliminary Just Investigation For Arteston Textile Institute Of June 1947 Costiness This plant is designated as G in the general report and an ap praisal of its dustiness is summarized in that column of Table 1 page 5 The differences between these values and those of other ood plants are on the shole not significant and we rate this plant as aver- ag good However this does not use that sust control is entirely sat- isfactory in all respects as inticated in the general report There is an insufficient suster of cust counts in the company files to constitute an adequate record of dusticess Tornal variations enquire a manber of counts at each operation to provide a mefil avomge _ JHM33037 Karerandum on Plant of The Garlock Packing Co. Supplementing the Connral Report Fralinicary iust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute of June 1947 Cur own single dust counts taken at the time of the visit are given below Member i ' Massed Tize ins . ' Operations Counts " At operator and of 4 carding sachings . .: 2 ae 3 - , 4 . 3 5 General air in aisles of telating machines , Omeral air along row of loons . most window open along the working atale General'air General'air in siales of spinning frames 3.0 3.1 1.7 , Dust Central Practices Carding dust contral is discussed on pages 7 and 9 of the general report Reference is made to the exhaust system in this plant which sc- - complishes as good dust control as almost all the other good plants but at exhaust rates that would not be practical for other northern plants The dust collectors in use at this leat are of coasterable in- tareet because they include two types not la sue in any other plant ^ir Get and Parama because commonly thought to be impractical Test data ow these mits would therefore be valuable JHH33038 e decorandum on Plant of the Garlock Packing Co. Supplementing Supplementing the General Resort Preliminary Cust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute of June 1947 Engineering studies placed for the long term investigation of particular interest to this plant and outlined in the general report aret dust contral in preparation twisting and weaving and efficiency of dust collectors Zedical In the medical section of the general report reference is ande to the several companies who have no information as to the incidence of patential bestosiisn their plant This company is one of those and we there- fore wish to underscore here the recommendations concerning pariocic ra5 examinations discissed particularly on pages 14 to 13 F.C.L. F.C.L. Nemen Head Engineer JHM33039 _ COPY ; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1747 Xemorentum on Plant of Union Asbestos & Rubber Company Supplementing The Preliminary Just Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute | | Of June 1947 Mastiness general This company is designated as 8 in the report and an ap- praisal of its dustiness is summarized in that column of Tatlo 1 files There is complete lack and these taken by us are of previous dust count data in the company's too few to number to provide a good aver- ago Bo had & definite impression at the time of sampling of markedly greater dustiness than the final count results allowed but we have no ere planation at tais tise The results are as followes JHM33040 General Ancert demerandum on Plant of Union Asbestos & Rubber , Eupalamenting the Preliminary Dust Investigations Co. Textiis instituts of June 1947 Investigations for Asbestos Sazber Alapsed Counts Mae Zins . ; Operations - 6 Ceneral air in aisles of spinning- Dent Counts . 7.7 twistinn frames 3 3 - . 6 4 Greonom era as l air in mision of vinders sane 5.3 spinning tslating On operating platforms of several trake lining loomG 403 : Near operator of one broad loam on _ site side of room from Sampla 3. appo- Open winnow beblod 6.2 , it roving and of 4 enclosed carcing = 2.5 machines 4 At far and of card room where visible dust escaping from enclosure at top $.3 . 7 5 brushing and of single rope cards U.L Buat Control Practioss Practioss The carding dust control system appears appears effective as the average of other good glants ferior que to operator carelesscase in failing to to be fundamentally as In practice it is in- replace portions of the enclosure designed Most important is the panel on top to reduce the space through which the driving balls peas to other Spioning and triating present a problem plants because of the unique combination not directly of functions comparable comparable in one machine JHN133041JHN13041 JHN13041 Union Investigations Investigations Supplementing June Vecorandum on Plant of Asbestos^ the General demort Preliminary Dust Textile Lumtibute Lumtibute of 1947 moter Co. for latestos latestos bumidifierbumidifier The spray at nearing does not machines inte employed olther of our categories of damp or wet voving and leaves thing to be desired in the way of improved dust control fall sans- of air from dust practical in this employed Recirculation reportcollectors plant commercial is discussed in the general on page 12. The filters here are unicubtedly more efficient time the burlap bag bouse in Common 146 and would be the nunu udjoet of tests < < -" -<tam -tam ' vestigations outlined gria dence This is the only companywith a systematic ray examination pro The estimate of5 to 6 cases of warly notatoris is a larger inci- than in any other plant It seems that croat contributions could be made to the proposed diagnostic panel age 18 general report by this company and that it would also profit greatly - Sand Engineer CHH33042 COPY . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE ele A tale PITTSBURGH 13. PA NS SER OA July 11 1947 TNO Seacrendua on Flust of . 3.7 Burza and Company Sappledenting The Jenatul Nerort preliminary bust Investigation for Lebestos Textile Institute Institute of Juna 1947 Eustinesa This company is designated by the letter I in the zeneral report and yuanary of {ts dustinesss given in that coluan of Trole f. The figures are bread on some just counts made by the State but it is believed that acse redaction tis Sean aflectad, at least ta catulag, since coat tise. me iuro tndicat "/ by our stbar . ' of particular interest is the high degree of dustiness in spinning and tsisting Ta wil but two plaats these operations are practically identical so that counts are comparable The flgarna snow ? to . tlses es suck iust e '" The oxplanat this oa sot ' Nt me rosayreater rosayreater rosayreater amount of cust in the stock due to differences in precaution set oda Wuoalty co abtetites ty evaluate tn a pfelialsacy se; {ree tage migrate001.5 hl AS JHM33043 nba an) | Nemorandum on Plant of J.F. burks and Co. Suplementing the Soneral Pesort Preliminary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Asbestos _ Textile Kantitate of June 1947 Suat Control Practicna Several points in dust contral in penparation and at carding machines vere discussed briefly with r Williams Jr. at the time of the visit The long tm . investigations oo, however would oy . include systematic , guldanes in the stalls of dust control execially with respect to preserg- | tion carding machines the cause of ofuassive nst mid ita remony in spinning and twisting and selection of dust collectors It is to be " pacosalion that Sucause of the climate this plant has a particular stu e in the development of information that will pornit safe rocirculation of air from a dust collecter _ B.C.L. B.C.L. Homeca Read Engineer - | COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 Hesrandum on Plant of anville Corporation General Report Preliminary bust Investigation Investigation for bustos Textile Institute . Justinese This plant is designated I in the general report The summary - of dustiness in column 3 of Table 1 may be compared with all except plants C and I. There is a consistantly higher la all operations in spite of the fact that large suas of soner buve been expented for cust . | control equipment The dust count data do indicate satisfactory control of hist | . in reaving operations . He suspect that the major cause of the poor dust conditions results from the practice of returning air from the bug house to the more reas This should be investigated see discussion of recirculation ph-a . 17 general report JHH33045 a Zemorandus on Plant of nville Corp. Supplementing the Canecal Report Preliminary Enst June Investigation Textile Institute of 1747 for Asbestos Control Practices Eata from this plant are not included in the tabulation of exhuuat rates for cards one 8,2meral report because the single cards would not = to comparable and the control of dust in this department is not mood as judged by dust counts Observations of duct connections on hitin cards original indicate an exhaust capacity of over 4,000 to 5,000 efa Sust control arrangements in the new Chitin cards diverge from the best practices listed on page 9 general report as to items 2,2,6 2,2,6 and 7 The best combination of exhaust for ca"rd be worked sut in the engineering phases of the long investigation priposed in the general report see page 27 I und ) decirculation of air from dust collectors has been touched apon above The comments on page 13 are pertiment To do not believe that the efficiency of a burlap dust couse la squate to permit recirculation of air from it back to the workroom k^' is the present practice To to not rule out the palibinity text safeguards can be sevised sevised that will peralt the recovery of heat represented thereby Fedical The incidence of asbestusis in this plant is comble to only one other alent A The medical problem of zanosis is complicated la * this plant by the fact that any sores 599e ' n saployed in interscite coal mines and some shoe svidence of siliccala The panel ivity referred to on page l^ should be especially valuable in these circumstances JHM33046 + ae: ... naom Yecd scar ew