Document 6BMB4pD95MxqX974wq2z9d8X6

Aftj S-170 31:5343 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS SUBPART G -- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1910, 36 FR 10466, May 29, 1971; amended at 36 FR 15104, August 13,1971; 36 FR 23208, Decem ber 7, 1971; 37 FR 332, January 11, 1972; 37 FR 6576, March 31,1972; 37 FR 11320, June 7, 1972; 37 FR 22139, October 18, 1972; 37 FR 24749, November 21, 1972; 38 FR 10929, May 3, 1973; 38 FR 20074, July 27, 1973; 39 FR 3755, January 29,1974; 39 FR 12343, April 5, 1974; 39 FR 19468, June 3, 1974; republished at 39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974; amended at 39 FR 35896, October 4,1974; 39 FR 41848, December 3,1974; 40 FR 13211, March 25, 1975; 40 FR 18426, April 28, 1975; 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975; 40 FR 24522, June 9,1975; standards revoked at 43 FR 49726, October 24,1978; Standdards Revocation Notice corrected at 43 FR 41759, November 7, 1978; amended by 46 FR 4161, January 16, 1981; 46 FR 42632, August 21, 1981) Subpart G--Occupational Health and Appendix B is stayed in its entirety. (viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A Environmental Control [Editor's note: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration August 21, 1981 (46 FR 42632) stayed the following paragraphs of the noise exposure standard (1910.95) pending administrative review: Part of appendix D. InrhuUng Table D-l. Appendix F. Part of Appendix G. The remaining provisions of the standard became effective August 22, 1981 ] system tor removing contaminated air from a space, comprising two or more of the following elements (a) enclosure or hood, <b) duct work, (c) dust collect ing equipment, <d) exhauster, and (e) discharge stack. Provisions Stayed Paragraph (d). Paragraph (e), except for part of (e)(1)* Paragraph (f). Paragraph (gj, except for part of (gX2XW). Paragraph (h). Paragraph (ifc except for part of Part of paragraph (jX^XO- Paragraph (M^XiiM*)Paragraph (JX5XUX6)* Part of paragraph (jX^X*)* Part of paragraph (j](7Xii). Part of paragraph (jX^XUi). Paragraph (j)(7)(iv). Part of paragraph (jK)Paragraph UX*) (hi) and (iv). Part of paragraph fjKhXiv) (<rj and (A). Paragraph (IK4XlvX<9* Paragraph (jX&}< Paragraph Part of paragraph (l)(2HiI* Paragraph (n)(3) {ty, (til), (ivj and (v). Paragraph (p). Part of paragraph Paragraph'(qXlKii). Part of paragraph (qK2XtiX<?)Paragraph {qX2XUK4. Paragraph (qX^XiiXfh Paragraph {q)(3Xii). Paragraph (qX*)Part of paragraph (qX^Mti)Part ofparagraph (qX5| (iii) and (hr). 1910.93-1910.93q (These sections have been recodified in Subpart Z of this part, beginning at 1910.1000). 1910,94 Ventilation. (a) Abrasive blasting--(1 Defini tions applicable to this paragraph.--(1) Abrasive. A solid substance used in an abrasive blasting operation. til) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A continuous flow air-line respirator con structed so that it will cover the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders to protect him from rebounding abrasive. (ix) Particulate-filter respirator. An air purifying respirator, commonly re ferred to as a dust or a fume respirator, which removes most of the dusi or fume from the air passing through the device. (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in. sizes capable of passing through the up per respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages. (xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays. (iii) Blast cleaning oarrel. A complete enclosure which rotates on an axis, or which has an internal moving trec,d ic tumble the parts, in order to expose vari ous surfaces of the parts to the action oi an automatic blast spray. uv; Blast cteaning room. A complete enclosure in which blasting operations are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. iv) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or Openings in the enclosure. tvi) Clean air. Air of such purity that it will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time. (xil) Abrasive blasting. The forcible application of an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pres sure, or centrifugal force. (2) Dust hazards from abrasive blast ing. (i) Abrasives and the surface cmatlngs on the materials blasted are shattered and pulverized during blasting operations and the dust formed will con tain particles of respirable size. The com position and toxicity of the dust from these sources shall be considered in mak ing an evaluation of the potential health hazards. (ii) The concentration of respirable dust or fume in the breathing zone of die abrasive blasting operator or any other worker shall be kept below the levels specified in 1910.1000. (iii) Organic abrasives which are com bustible mall be used only in automatic systems. Where flammable or explosive Part of paragraphJrX2). Part of paragraph (a)(2). Paragraph (aX4). Paragraph (a)(5). (vii) Dust collector. A device or com bination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system. dust mixtures may be present, the con struction of the equipment, Including the exhaust system and all electric wiring, shall conform to the requirements [Sec. 1910.94(a)(2)(iii)] 11-5-81 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC. WASHINGTON DC 20037 VAB 00 1 31:5344 REFERENCE FILE of American National Standard Installa- (2) Doors on blast-cleaning rooms (b) When using silica sand in manual tion of Blower and Exhaust Systems for shall be operable from both inside and blasting operations where the nozzle and Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Con- outside, except that where there is a blast are not physically separated from /V veying. Z33.1-1961 (NFPA 91-1961). and small operator access door, the large the operator in an exhaust ventilated en the National Electrical Code. NFPA 70- work access door may be closed or opened closure. or 1971; ANSI Cl-1971(Kev. of Cl-1968). The olast nozzle shall be bonded and grounded to prevent the build up of static charges. Where flammable or ex plosive dust mixtures may be present, the abrasive blasting enclosure, the ducts, and the dust collector shill be con structed with loose panels or explosion venting areas, located on sides away from anv occupied area, to provide for pres sure relief in case of explosion, follow ing the principles set forth in the Na tions? Fire Protection Association Explo sion Venting Guide. NFPA 68-1954. [1910.94(a)(2)(iii) amended at 39 FR 19468, June 3, 1974] (3) Blast-cleaning enclosures. (1) Blast-cleaning enclosures shall be ex- . haust ventilated in such a way that a continuous inward flow of air will be maintained at all openings in the en closure during the blasting operation. (a) All air inlets ana access openings shall be baffled or so arranged that by the . combination of inward air flow and baf fling the escape of abrasive or dust par* tides into an adjacent work area will be minimized and visible spurts of dust will not be observed. (b) The rate of exhaust shall be suf* fldent to provide prompt dearance of the dust-laden air within the enclosure after the cessation of blasting. -p-. (c) Before the enclosure Is opened, the )last shall be turned off and the exhaust system shall be run for a sufficient period of time to remove the dusty air within the enclosure. from the outside only. (c) Where concentrations of toxic dust (4) Exhaust ventilation systems. (1) dispersed by the abrasive blasting may The construction, Installation, inspec exceed the limits set in Sec. 1910.1000 and tion, and maintenance of exhaust sys the nozzle and blast are not physically sepa tems shall conform to the principles and rated from the operator in an exhaust- requirements set forth in American Na ventilated enclosure. tional Standard Fundamentals Govern ing the Design and Operation of Local [Sec. 1910.94(a)(5)(ii)(c) FR 23072, May 28, 1975] amended at 40 Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-19C0, and ANSI (iii) Particulate Alter respirators, com Z33.1-1961. monly referred to as dust-fllter res (a) When dust leaks are noted, re pairs shall be made as soon as possible. (b) The static pressure drop at the exhaust ducts leading from the equip ment shall be checked when the installa tion Is completed and periodically there after to assure continued satisfactory operation. Whenever an appreciable change in the pressure drop Indicates a partial blockage, the system shall be cleaned and returned to normal operat ing condition. pirators, properly fitted, may be used for short, intermittent, or occasional dust exposures such as cleanup, dumping 01 dust collectors, or unloading shipment.* of sand at a receiving point, when it is not feasible to control the dust by en closure, exhaust ventilation, or other means. Respirators used shall be ap proved (see 30 CFR Part 11) for protec tion against the specific type of dust encountered. (11) In installations where the abra (a) Dust-fllter respirators may be used sive is recirculated, the exhaust ventila to protect the operator of outside abra tion system for the blasting enclosure sive-blasting operations where nonsilica shall not be relied upon for the removal abrasives are used on materials having of lines from the spent abrasive instead low toxicitles. of an abrasive separator. An abrasive (b) Dust-fllter respirators shall not be separator shall be provided for the used for continuous protection where purpose. silica sand is used as the blasting abra (tli) The air exhausted from blast sive. or toxic materials are blasted. cleaning equipment shall be discharged through dust collecting equipment. Dust collectors shall be set up so that the ac cumulated dust can be emptied and re moved without contaminating other working areas. % (iv) A respiratory protection program as defined and described in 1910.134(a) and (b), shall be established wherever it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment. (v) Operators shall be equipped with (5) Personal protective equipment. (1) heavy canvas or leather gloves and (d) Safety glass protected by screen Only respiratory protective equipment aprons or equivalent protection to pro ing shall be used in observation windows, approved by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. tect them from the impact nf abrasives. where hard deep-cutting abrasives are Department of the Interior (see 30 CFR Safety shoes shall be worn to protect used. Part ID shell be used for protection of against foot lujury where heavy pieces to Slit abrasive-resistant baffles shall personnel against dusts produced during of work are handled. be installed in multiple sets at all small access openings where dust might escape. and shall be inspected regularly and re placed when needed. abrasive-blasting operations. (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirators shall be worn by all abrasive-blasting opera tors : (a) Safety shoes shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Foot wear, Z 11.1-1967. (2) Doors shall be flanged end tight (a) When working inside of blast (b) Equipment ior protection of the when closed. cleaning rooms, or eyes and face shall be supplied to the op- 4 Occupational Safety j, Health Reporter [Sec. 1910.94(a)(5)(vHb)J VAB.0001034152 4 ' OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH S-170 31:5357 0-16, feasible administrative or engi neering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of Table G-16, personal pro tective equipment shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table. (2) If the variations in noise level in volve maxima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be considered continuous. (3) (Deleted) [Section 1910.95(b)(3) deleted by 46 FE 4161, January 16, 1981] y difficulties in understanding normaixbnyersation in the wopEpiace when th#qpegker and the Jidfener face each other fl MS m fIfJti|t L?l J - r li r ^i :5.1: H ft ft f a # sound level maters 1 h;-' th the peoviatone laregraph i thfs section. ,L.: i I l.-l !.TiH JC|- Fi l- Tabue 0-1fl--Permissible Noise Exposures Sound level dBA slow Duration per day, hours response 8................................_._.._.. 90 6......................................_.._._... 93 4........................................_.._.._.. 96 3 .................................................._.._.._..._. 97 3......................................_._.._._. 100 102 1 106 % 110 4 or less...______________116 1 When the daUy noise exposure la com posed of two or more periods of noise ex posure of different levels, their combbced effect should be considered, rather than the individual effect of each. If the sum of the following fractions:Ci/Ti-f-Cs/TiH- Cit/Ta exceeds unity, then, the mixed exposure should be considered to exceed the limit value. Cn Indicates the total time of ex posure at a specified noise level, and Tn Indicates the total time of exposure permit ted at that level. Exposure to Impulsive or Impact noise should not exceed 140 dB peak sound pres sure level. [1910.95 Table G16 amended at 39 FR 19468, June 3, 1974] [Section 1910.95(c)--(3) and employer shall administer tinuing. effective hearing conservation program, at described in paragraphs (c) through (a) of this section whenever employee noise exposures equal or axcead an 8-hour time-weighted average sound level (TWA) of 85 decibels measured on die A scale slow response or, equivalently, a dose of fifty percent. For purposes of the hearing conservation program, employee noise exposures shall be computed accordance with Appendix A and 1 regard to any tenuation provided b>yy the use of ipersonal protective equipment. amended August 21, 1981] employer snail determine empmyhe's exposure may or exceecKan-hour time-wagmed average of 85 decftms (dB) measured on the A determination conducted pmiuaaMo~peiagrepH(d)of action indicates that any . or of 88 deeihehk the an WfnjVyuRRn n forall shall within heexposed nil HI 91 Jfcm qch roambet employee empl d e >er may of one Xnlhesecases. the taring the believed to L'rfn of employee noise El (ITl^Ni WWipiiil WMlMllyfeitial . determmSraqn conducted pupniant to paragrapntu]HUof this sajdfon or actual exposure meesunmenbymdicate that employees are iwhrairosed to a timeweighted average ofuSMecibels or greater; and whidhi ipao1 taadsqpal4oi WmflI J-! .'llT IfA' loyee shall be notified of that employee'hmeasured exposure or the representstiveu-Xpoaure that is attributed to that employee. [3] New employeesNshall be notified of SW Rj J:-i meters. Sound level shall meet the Type 11 (requirements of the American National Standarmfipecification for Srtmd Level Meters, Sl*^M71 (R1978 (2) ExposureSmasmcmients shall accurately reflecfMKrioyee exposures and shall be coiumcths^kithe following me <2 rm 'Fir l.fl ' UT^'l* * I T *:p+i microhohoe of the Ikl' ' 1 Ji ................................................. {iij/Sound level meters, (a] Soun leirel meters shall be set to the A sea Intermittent impulsive sound levels from 80 dB to 130 integrated into the f tistetweiffhled avera, appNmnqte sampling strategy ure that acanh^esults are oh The employerSqmSue the sanjpnng procedures gK&mln Appendix B: Temporal SampmmKmocedures for Use with a Sound LeMBSMfflqr, which are provided as^maelines^QSqompliance with thuLWovision. [d]J30emmicrophone of a^bdhdlevel meUpbhall be positioned not lbmhSt inches nor more than two fee and soudd3vel Ad to monitor employeenoise .ail be calibrated^ follows: after eadrtiay's an sjcodstical calibrator snail oe usedld^vegdy:he accuracy of the measuring emfnmenL (2) WhenevedRcnkstical calibration and manualamustmemsof the measuringiMfuipment chraot verify the accuracy'sthe measuringNhatrument laboratory calibration shall perlfjgmed to ensure conformantSbuvith of ANSI scale. ThisamqrminffHffnshall be based on all informatipn^jnervations, or calculations vimmraidicate that employee no>dmexh0S'Hes may be at or above thajdarel, incmdrqc the following: [i] Ap^jpmployee expqnre meaydrpments which havU^Uen taken: ]/my employee complakifhijvhich their measured^exposurhjpr the exposure attributed to them withinsbcty days of their first exposure at or aboqe a timeweighted average of 85 decibe empla^ssqMMUite htehliiliment. required b# paragraph (a}.of Ihia the ese of n Wj"ilh th (i) Observation of monitoring. (1) The employer shall provide affected employees or their representatives with Ian opportunity to observe any 'measurements of employee noise exposure which are conducted pursuanl to paragraph fe) of this section. [Sec. 1910.95(i)(2)] 11-5-81 Published bv THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC WASHINGTON DC 20037 A/Aonnmrv?5 V Ad . UUU1L 31:5358 REFERENCE FILE *) r V .. LS . ..-i' . " r/~ i.-- 0 ccup ati ona epor ter W^B.0001034154 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 6000 Hz may be omitted from this check. Deviations of more than 10 dB necessitate an exhaustive calibration. shall be ,WtUH ewriy two yean in accordance with sections 4.1.2; 4.1.3; 4.1.4.3; 4.4.1; 4.4.2; 4.4.3; and 4.5 of the American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6- 1969. Test frequencies below 500 Hz and above 6000 Hz may be omitted from this calibration. (Section 1910.95(k)(5)(iii) amended by 46 FR 42632, August 21, 1981] (1) Hearing protectors. (1) Employers shallmake bearing protectors available to aH employee# expoeed tea ttmewet|htedk^ftg40f5 dfecfbels or greeter at no cost to the employees. Hearing protectors shall be replaced as necessary. (B^Bmpioyess shaU ensure that homing protectors are worn by all S*17Q 31:5359 program for all employees who are exposed to noise at or above a TWA of 85 dB, and shall ensure employee participation in such program. (2) The training program shall be uapaatadi annually for each employee included in the hearing conservation program. Information provided in the training program shall be updated to be consistent with changes in protective eouioment and ensure eacnwqyyovee is informej^Mfe following: (i) The contaplitifth^mse standard includinaJlriniearing conge -- ^ec c machinery at tne joosite that uce hazardous nois exposures; (iv) The role <3 and adminis trative .cp uction of noise ex ts of any noise c 4 ot naaring! protectors, the advantages, disadvantages, and HMuitisn ef<various types, and (b)(1) offchis sootlon to wear personal dns|M selection, fitting, use. pwaoaitiwa equipment. !; ! (3) Employees shall be given the (vii) Hie puipose of audiometric opportunity to select their hearing testing, 'and an explanation of the test test requirements. Audiometric tests shall be pure tone, air conduction, hearing threshold examinations, with test frequencies including as a minimum 800,1000,2000, 3000,4000, and 0000 Hz. Teats at each frequency shall be taken separately for each ear. (2) Audiometric tests shall be conducted with equipment that meets the specifications of, and is maintained and used in accordance with, American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1909. protectors fromwvariety of suitable hamiiiig protector* provided by the employer. (4) The employer shall provide training in the use and care of all hearing protectors provided to employees. (5) The employer shall ensure proper initial fitting and supervise the correct usaolall he^ria#,protectors. uation. {!) Ite hearing pnolaotof attenuation las the specific noise environments hi which die qqfl of tjn i ccess to mformanon ana trainm materials. (1) The employer shall make available to affected employees or their representatives copies of this standard and shall also post a copy in the workplace. (2) The employer shall provide to affected employees any informational materials pertaining to this standard that are supplied to the employer by the Assistant Secretary. (3) The employer shall provide, upon request, $11 materials related to the employer's training and education (3) Pulsed-tone and self-recording in Appendix G: program pertaining to this standard to audiometers, if used, shall meet the requirements specified in Appendix C: Audiometric Measuring Instruments. (4) Audiometric examinations shall be administered in a room meeting the requirements listed in Appendix D: Audiometric Test Rooms. (5) Audiometer calibration, (i) The functional operation of the audiometer Methods for Estimating the Adequacy of Hearing Protector Attenuation. {2} Hearing protectors must attenuate emptayeeexposureat least to a time- weighted of 90 decibels as required by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) For employees who have experienced a significant threshold shift tar^a te or on tH penipnesMraH welled in which! exposed at or above a TW. (2) WamingJftgfiB snM^learly indicateihtffthe area is amgluioise areajarioishall indicate that hea: shall be checked before each day's use hearing protecions must attenuate by testing a person with known, stable employe exposures to a time-weighted hearing thresholds, and by listening to average of ePdedbels or below. fi) me empioyi the audiometer's output to make sure (4) The adequacy of hearing protector maurauav i nli l' accurate record^Tall that the output is free from distorted or attenuation shall be re-evaluated employeetexposure measdfements unwanted sounds. Deviations of more whenever employee noise exposures required b^teragrapjtffe'jaf this section, than 5 dfi shall require an acoustic increase to the extent that the hearing (li) This expHajunecord shall include: calibration. protectors provided may no longer (aj Name and^H^classifrcation of die |m shall be provide adequate attenuation. The employee measuredahdof all other it employer shall provide more effective employeeMWnose exposuhaihe E: Acoustic Calibration ofAudiometers. Test protectors where necessary. ^ l;L !-L La:iiM:,:, e-t.-: i3 j ,,^ >ram. (1} The measurement represents; [biffne date, location and reHHLof frequencies below 500 Hz and above employer sft tituteraa ttraining e (Sec. 19l0.95(q)(lKuXb)] 11-5-81 Published bv THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC WASHINGTON DC 20037 7 VAB.0001034155 * 31:5360 REFERENCE FILE JU level m ound The employer shall retain all employee audiograms obtained pursuant to paragraph (j) of this section; (ii) This record shall include: (a) Name and job classification of the employee; ^udioaram: examin" oHelof the (e) Date of the last acoustic or exhaustive calibration of the audiometer: (/) Employee's most recent noise exposure assessment ateinent of whether the so presstgw4ggels in the testjaswifm which1 the aujUo^ffriy^ritFSfmeet the levels spfifltfrClfTn TaBlfrJJ^lor Table ppendix D: Audiom&TTfoJlest test room*, (i) The employer shall maintain accurate records of the measurements of the background sound pressure levels in audiometric test roo: an include: ound sound prgsswgTevel HiimiiM'nmiiTil III nu ii ufTfir following octave ba: , 1000, fend hi Date _ audiometers. (i) empmgjsr shall maintain accurst recordsokqll acoustical andexhaustive calibrationsbQiudiometprtfrequired to be made pursuah^tojtdragraph (k) of this section; (ii) This recafcl shallThcJude: (0) Typp'di calibration: (hj Dste performed; and (^Numerical results of the acous l The employer am records required in this paragraph (q) for at least the following periods: (1) Noise exposure measurement records shall be retained for 2 ye etric test records sha retailledfor the duration of theafftcted employeeVgmployment plimj^years. (Hi) Recordn^ackmpsfid sound pressure levels infewdrdmetric test rooms shall be npafme&for a period of 5 years (iv) RepefBs of audiometer calibjarrions shall be retained fo: od of 5 years.____________ records reqmroq oy tnis section shall be provided upon request to employees, former employees, representatives designated by the individual employee and the Assistant Secretary. The provisions of 29 CFR 1910.20(a)-(e) and (gHO apply to access to records under this section. leises ftHoQdOof|b|luLsinHtIess, the employer shall transfer to the successor employer all records required to be maintained by this section, and the successor employer shall retain them for the remainder of the period prescribed (ii) When the workshift noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise at different levels, the total noise dose over the work day is given by: D=100 fCi/Tj+C3/ Ta+ ... +Ca/Ta), where C,, indicates the total time of exposure at a specific . noise level, and T* indicates the reference duration for that level as given by Table G-lOa. in paragraph (q)(5) of this section. (r) Appendices. (1) Appendices A, C, D, E, G, and 1 to this section are incorporated as part of this section and the contents of these Appendices are mandate: info and to create tional ions not otherwise or to detract fron any [Sec 9$(r)(2) amen (2] The eight-hour time-weighted average sound level (TWA), in decibels, may be computed from the dose, in percent, by means of the formula: TWA=16.61 logt* (D/100)+90. For an eight-hour workshift with the noise level constant over the entire shift, the TWA is equal to the measured sound level. (3) A table relating dose and TWA is given in Section II. Table G>16a dies. u> Paragraphs (c)--(r) of this section shall become effective August 22, 1981 unless other wise noted below. [Section 1910.95(s)(l) amended by 46 FR 42632. August 21. 1981 z) Initial detferffflfStion8 an subsequent monitoring conducted pursuant to paragraphs (d) and [e] this section shall be completed b; February 22, 1982. [Section 1910.9$(r}(2) amended fc 46 FR______________________ liograms required oy paragraph qj of this section shall be competed by August 22, 1982. [Section 1910.95(s)(3) amended by 46 FR 42632, August 21, 1981 eu oiiaDie u-i of Appen bhcftgaqund sound pressure lev aummneMctest rooms may contefin to TablrQr2 ahAppendix D untjjkXpril IS, 1983. AfxbaAprilStl963,background sound presmhiq^velb^ndnaiometric test rooms shalrbqpipl$with Table D-l of Appendix *f5) Dosimeteprfrffed HHsgmpjoyee exposure mogftenng cond pursuant ts^mrfagraph (e) of tK!Sdection shall mpdpme requirements of parajrppn (g)(l)(i) of this section by Ap Xppadix Computation This Appendix is Mandatory I. Computation of Employee Noise Exposure (1) Noise dose is computed using Table G~16a as follows: (i) When the sound level, L, is 80 8t. 82 S3 84.. 85. 90. 91... 92 93.. 94 95 96 97. 99.. 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107. 108.. 109.. 110 . Ill . 112.. 114. 115 ne 117. lie. iie 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 mind lev*, L (dciM) fteftrnca duration. T (hour) 32 # 27 9 24.3 Stf 41 SSSHft * t l * 4 < *** I M a* 11 i , i . 21.1 184 16 13.9 12.1 10.6 9.2 8. 7.0 62 5.3 4.6 4 35 3.0 2.6 23 2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1 0.07 0.76 0.66 0.57 05 0.44 0.38 0.33 0.29 0.25 022 019 0,16 0.14 0.12$ Oft 0095 0062 0,072 0063 0.054 0.047 0.041 0036 -k- 0031 constant over the entire work shift, the noise dose, D, in percent, is given by: D = 100 C/T where C is the total length of the work day, in hours, and T is the reference duration corresponding to the measured sound level, L, as given in In the above table the reference duration. T, is computed by Table G-16a or by the formula shown a: a footnote to that table. Occupational Safety & Health Reporter where L is the measured A-weighted sound level* [Appendix A] V^B.0001034156 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH S-170 31:5371 11*5-81 Figure 3-10. Sanplg worksheet for computing average sound level. [Appendix B, Figure B-10] Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC WASHINGTON DC 20037 VAB.000103ll57 31:0372 REFERENCE FILE Appendix C; Audiometric Measuring Instruments This Appendix is Mandatory --v X. In the event that pulsed-tone udiometers are used, they shall have a cone cn-time of at least 200 milliseconds. 2. Self-recording audiometers shall comply with the following requirements: (A) The chart upon which the audiogram is traced shall have lines at positions corresponding to all multiples of 10 dB hearing level within the intensity range spanned by the audiometer. The lines shall be equally spaced and shall be separated by at least 1/4 inch. Additional increments are optional. The audiogram pen tracings shall not exceed 2 dB in width. (B) It shall be possible to set the stylus manually at the 10-dB increment lines for calibration purposes. (C) The slewing rate for the audiometer attenuator shall not be more than 8 dB/sec except that an initial slewing rate greater than 6 dB/sec is permitted at the beginning of each new test frequency, but only until the second subject response. (D) The audiometer shall remain at each required test frequency for 30 seconds (3 seconds). The audiogram shall be clearly marked at each change frequency and the actual frequency lange of the audiometer shall not deviate from the frequency boundaries marked on the audiogram by more than 3 seconds. (E) It must be possible at each test frequency to place a horizontal line segment parallel to the time axis on the audiogram, such that the audiometric tracing crosses the line segment at least six times at that test frequency. At each test frequency the threshold shall be the average of the midpoints of the tracing excursions. Appendix D: Audiometric Test Rooms This Appendix is Mandatory After April 15,1983, rooms used for audiometric testing shall not have background sound pressure levels exceeding those in Table D-l when measured by equipment conforming at least to the Type 2 requirements of American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters, Sl.4--1971 {R1976), and to the Class II requirements of American National Standard Specification for Octave. HalfOctave, and Third-Octave Band Filter Sets, Si. 11-1971 (R1978). Table D-2 may used until April 15,1983. Table D-2.--Maximum Allowable Octave- Band Sound Pressure Levels tor Audto- metric Test Rooms (May be used in Heu of TSbto D-1 wMlm * f 1 "jiii PI =! (3) Tolerances When any of the measured sound levels deviate from the levels in Table E-l or Table E-2 by 3 dB at any test frequency between 500 and 3000 Hz, 4 dB at 4000 Hz, or 5 dB at 8000 Hz, an exhaustive calibration is advised. An exhaustive calibration is required if the deviations are greater than 10 dB at any test frequency. Table E-1.--Reference Threshold Levels for Telephonies--TDH-39 Earphones MO ft+4is o *-* MwM* *00 1000 2000 4000 40 40 r 57 Frequency, Hz Reference threshold level for TDH-39 earphones, dB Sound level meter readtao, dB Appendix E: Acoustic Calibration of Audiometers * This Appendix is Mandatory 500................................. 1000.............................. 2000.............................. 3000.............................. 4000............. ............... 6000......... .................... 11.5 81.S 7 77 9 79 10 60 9.5 79,5 15,5 65.5 Audiometercalibration shall be checked acoustically, at least annually, according to the procedures described in this Appendix. The equipment necessary to perform these measurements is a sound level meter, octave-band filter set, and a National Bureau of Standards 9A coupler. In making these measurements, the accuracy of the calibrating equipment shall be sufficient to determine that the audiometer is within the tolerances permitted by American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1969. Table E-2.--Reference Threshold Levels tor Telephonies--TDH-49 Earphones PraqiMney, Hz ftotarane* thrwhold taval tar TDH-4S MrphonM. dS Sound level meter readina dB 500......... 1000................................ 2000................................ 3000.................. ............. 6000................................ 13.5 7.5 11 9.5 105 13.5 63-5 77.5 61.0 79.5 00.5 83.5 [Appendix E, Table E-2 corrected by 46 FR 42632, August 21, 1981] (1) Sound Pressure Output Check A. Place the earphone coupler over the microphone of the sound level meter and place the earphone on the coupler. B. Set the audiometer's hearing threshold level (HTL) dial to 70 6B. C. Measure the sound pressure level of the tones at each test frequency from 500 Hz through 6000 Hz for each earphone. D. At each frequency the readout on the sound level meter should correspond to the levels in Table E-l or Table E-2, as appropriate, for the type of earphone, in the column entitled "sound level meter reading." (2) Linearity Check A. With the earphone in place, set the frequency to 1000 Hz and the HTL dial on the audiometer to 70 dB. B. Measure the sound levels in the coupler at each 10-dB decrement from 70 dB to 10 dB, noting the sound level meter reading at each setting. C. For each 10-dB decrement on the audiometer the sound level meter should indicate a corresponding 10 dB decrease. D. This measurement may be made electrically with a voltmeter connected to the earphone terminals. Appendix F: Cal tioDs and Application of Corrections to Audiograms This AppendixSqNon-Mondatory In determining whether a significant threshold shift has occurred, allowance may be made for the contribution of aging to the change in hearing level by adjusting the mint recent audiogram. If the employer cHooses to adjust the audiogram, the employer shall follow the procedure described below. This procedure and the an correction tables were developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the criteria document entitled "Criteria for a Recommended Standard . . . Occupational Exposure to Noise," (HSNfit-11001). For each audio trie test frequency; (i) Determine from able F-l or F-2 the age correction es for the employee by: (A) finding the a at which the most recent audiogra as taken and recording the corresponding values of age corrections |t 1000 Hz through 6000 Hz; (B) finding the agkat which the baseline audiogram was taken and recording the corresponding values of Occupational Safety & Health Reporter [Appendix Fl - io VAB.0001034158 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH S-170 31:5373 age correctional 1000 Hz through 8000 Hz. (ii) Subtract the values found in step (i)(A) from found in step (i)(B). (tii) The differences calculated in step (iij represented thal portion of the change in hearing^hat may be due to aging. Example: Emphwee is a 32-year-old male The audiometric history for his right ear is shown in decibels b Empalopyeee'* 26.... 27.. 28 . 29.... 30.. 31.. .. *32- Audfometnc Mt frequency (Hz) 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 10 5 10 5 0008 5 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 5 15 5 0 5 10 20 10 5 10 20 15 15 5 10 25 20 Table F-l tion Values in Males The audiogram at adk 27 is considered the baseline since it mows the best hearing threshold lwels* Asterisks have been used to idermiy the baseline and most recent audiogram, A threshold shift of 20 dB exists ft 4000 Hz between the audiograms talcn at ages 27 and 32, (The threshold Mift is computed by subtracting the muring threshold at age 27* which was 5, frota the hearing threshold at age 32* wtoch is 25), A retest audiogram has confirmed this shift. The contribution if aging to this change in hearing maybe estimated in the following mann Go to Table F~tnd find the age correction valuesflin dB) for 4000 " age 27 and age 1000 Frequency (Hz) _____ 3000 4000 ooo Age 32.--.......... Age 27................... Difference.... 6 5 I 7 6 10 7 14 32 1, --------- The difference^presents the amount or hearing loss jjiat may be attributed to aging in the ti period between the baseline audi ram and the most recent audiogram. In is example, the difference at Hz is 3 dB. This value is subtracted fronwthe hearing level at 4000 Hz, which in\e most recent audiogram is 25, yillding 22after adjustment. Then Jne hearingthreshold in the baseline ayfiiogram at 4000 Hz (5) is subtracted frdm theadjusted annual ng threshold at 4000 Hz (22). Thus the 4ge-corrected threshold shift would be l^dB (as opposed to a threshold shift ofao dB without age correction), 1 20 or younger....... 21........................... 17 22................... I 7 23............................ 1 7 24........................... V7 25................... 26................... 27............................. 8 22Q9..................................... 31...Z.ZZZ...... otZZZZZZ! 34ZZZZZZL ................ - 37ZZZZZZ! 39.................. 4o!ZZ"Z.ZZ! 41.................. 43;Z!!!".""Z"ZZ 44...................... Je.ZZZZZZ'. 47................... .................. 50 ZZZZIZ .................. 53ZZZZZ Z 54.................. 55............................. 56........................... 57............................... 50.................. 8 e I 9 9 1 10 11 n 11 11 12 J* 1 |3 1 14 Table F-2. 'tion Values in Females--Continued Ymts Audiomtric fit IHqyocii (Hz) 2000 3000 4000 6000 16 16 21 16 17 22 Appendix Adequacy of Attenuatio! s for Estimating the Protector This AppenJl. 'andalory For emp! ho have experienced a significant old shift, hearing protector atte Hon must be sufficient to reduce em royee exposure to a TWA of 85 dB. Em oyers must select one of the following thods by which to estimate the ade cy of hearing protector attenuati The most convenient method is the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) developed by thUElnvironmental Protection Agexray (EPA). According to EPA regulation,[the NRR must be shown on the hearing pmtector package. The NRR is then relatnUo an individual worker's noise environment in order to assess the adequacy the attenuation of a given hearing protector. This Appendix describe/four methods of using the NRR to4etermine whether a particular heariiR protector provides adequate protection within a given exposure environment. Selection among the four procedurebos dependent upon the employer's nois^neasoring instruments. Instead of using the NRR, employers may evaluate the adequacy of hearing protector attenuation by using one of the three methods developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which are described in me "List of Personal Hearing Protectors and Attenuation Data," HEW PubUSirtion No. 76-120, 1975, pages 21-37. Trapse methods are known as NIOSH mamods #1, #2 and #3. The NRR described below is a simplification of NIOSH method #2. The most complex method is NIOSH method #1, which is pr/bably the most accurate method since it uses the largest amount of spectral information from the individual employee's noise environment. As in the case of the NRR method described beloly, if one of the NIOSH methods is useti, the selected method must be applied to an individual's noiseuenvironment to assess the adequacy ojjdne attenuation. Employers sho/ld be careful to take a sufficient numur of measurements in order to achieveS^epresentative sample for each time segment. 11-5-81 [Appendix G] Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC WASHINGTON DC 20037 11 VAB.0001034159 * 31:52f74 REFERENCE FILE Note.--The employer must remember that calculated attestation values reflect realistic values only tofixe extent that the protectors ^"0$ properly 1J jVhen using the NRR to assess hearing protector ade^acy, one of the following methods must bemused: (i) When using 1 dosimeter that is capable of C-weianted measurements: (A) Obtain theimployee's C-weighted dose for the entwe workshift, and TWil (see Appendix A, II). (B) Subtract e NRR from the C- weighted TW to obtain the estimated A-weighted A under the ear protector. (ii) When usin dosimeter that is not capable of C-weigh :d measurements, the following metho ay be used: (A) Convert the A- sighted dose to TWA (see Appendix ). (B) Subtract 7 dB m the NRR. (C) Subtract the r ainder from the A-weishted TWA obtain the d TWA ear protector. (iii) When usirf; a sound level meter set to the A-weilhting network: (A) Obtain theumployee'a A-weighted TWA in accordaiTtewith a procedure such as the one recohimended in Appendix B. (B) Subtract 7 dB fro ie NRR, and subtract the remainder m the A- righted TWA to the estimated weighted TWA r the ear protector. (iv) When using sound level meter set on the C-weig ing network: (A) Obtain a re sentative sample of the C-weighted sould levels in the employee's envirojpnent for each identified time s&ment.1 (B) If there is more than one identified time segment, compute the 8-hour time- weighted averagb of the C-weighted sound levels using Figure B-5 and Table G-16a or an equralent method. (C) Subtract tip NRR from the C- weighted average sound level to obtain the estimated A-weiszhted TWA the ear protecto Appendix H: Availability of Referenced Documents Paragraphs (c) through (s) of 29 CFR 1910.95 and the accompanying appendices contain provisions which incorporate publications by reference. Generally, the publications provide criteria for instruments to be used in monitoring and audiometric testing. LTime segments should be identified according to a procedure such as the one recommended in ^-^'Appendix B, but the same number of measurements lay not be necessary to achieve a representative sample. These criteria are intended to be mandatory when so indicated in the applicable paragraphs of Section 1910.95 and appendices. It should be noted that OSHA does not require that employers purchase a copy of the referenced publications. Employers, however, may desire to obtain a copy of the referenced publications for their own information. p The designation of the paragraph of the standard in which the referenced publications appear, the titles of the publications, and the availability of the publications are as follows: Paragraph designation 1910 9SfgK 1 )<i) $ I910 95(g)(l)(). S 1910 95{k)<2), appendix fe Appendix D............................. Appendix G Referenced publication Available from-- "Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters," ANSI $1-25-1978* (ASA 25-1978).. "Specification for Sound-Level Metars," $1 4-1971 (R 1976).. "Specifications for Audiometers," $3.6-1969 "Specification for Octve. Half Octave and Third-Octave Band Filter Sets*" St n- 1971 (R1976).. "List of Persona) Hearing rTQMdQfl VOaaieiieA fflnvnui amlifoinn Data * HEW Pi* No 76120, 1976.. Back Numbers Department, Dept. STD, American Institute of Physics 333 E, 45th St , New York, NY 10017; American Na tional Standards Institute, Inc. 1430 Broadway. New York. N Y. 10016. American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. Back Numbers Department, Dept. STD* American Institute of Physics 333 E 45th St.. New York, NY T0017; American Na tional Standards institute. Inc., 1430 Broadway. New York, N Y. 10018 Superintendent of Documents. U S. Gov* eminent Printing Office. Washington, D C 20402. [Appendix H, table corrected by 46 FR 42632, August 21, 1981] The referenced publications (or a microfiche of the publications) are available for review at many universities and public libraries throughout the country. These publications may also be examined at the OSHA Technical Data Center, Room N2439, United States Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210, (202) 523-9700 or at any OSHA Regional Office (see telephone directories under United States Government--Labor Department). Appendix I: Definitions These definitions apply to the following terms as used in paragraphs (c) through (r) of 29 CFR 1910.95. Audiogram--A chart, graph, or table resulting from an audiometric test showing an individual's hearing threshold levels as a function of frequency. Audiologist--A professional, specializing in the study and habilitation of hearing, who is certified by the American Speech, Hearing, and Language Association or licensed by a state board of examiners. Baseline audiogram--The audiogram against which future audiograms are compared. Crest factor--Absolute value of the ratio of the peak value and the root-mean-square value measured over a specified time interval where both values are measured in reference to the arithmetic mean value of the wave. Criterion sound level.--A sound level of 90 decibels. Decibel (dB)--Unit of measurement of sound level. Hertz (Hz)--Unit of measurement of frequency, numerically equal to cycles per second. Medical pathology--A disorder or disease. For purposes of this regulation, a condition or disease affecting the ear. which should be treated by a physician specialist. Noise dose--The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of (1) the time integral, over a stated time or event, of the 0.6 power of the measured SLOW exponential timeaveraged, squared A-weighted sound pressure and (2) the product of the criterion duration (8 hours) and the 0.6 power of the squared sound pressure corresponding to the criterion sound level (90 dB). Noise dosimeter--An instrument that integrates a function of sound pressure over a period of time in such a manner that it directly indicates a noise dose. Otolaryngologist--A physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose and throat. Representative exposure^--Measurements of an employee's noise dose or 8-hour timeweighted average sound level that the employers deems to be representative of the exposures of other employees in the workplace. Sound level--Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the square of the measured A-weighted sound pressure to the square of the standard reference pressure of 20 micropascals. Unit: decibels (dB). For use with this regulation. SLOW time response, in accordance with ANSI Sl.4-1971 (R1976), is required. Sound level meter--An instrument for the measurement of sound level. Time-weighted average sound level--That sound level, which if constant over an 8hour exposure, would result in the same noise dose as is measured. Occupational Safety & Health Reporter {Appendix I] VAB20001034160