Document 6B63b5YLyyMOKK65DByYyp94g

Barry Castleman's DuPont File CD-ROM Document # DP DATE /? j Type of Document - published report from journal C published report from conference - published abstract from conference - unpublished report - unpublished presentation - meeting agenda minutes report - letter - memo - government report - industry warning information - book excerpt - legal deposition of_________ - notes of BC on I AE OFFICE. [Crown Copyright Reamed.] Report on Conferences between Employers and Inspectors concerning Methods for Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Textile Factories Home Office, 10th April, 1931. To the Right Hon. J. R. Cithbs. M.P., Hi* Majesty's Principal Secretary o( State (or the Home Department. Sir, In the Report by Dr. . R. A. Merewether and Mr. C. W. Price published in March, 1930,* it wu made dear that the prin cipal safeguard against the ill effects at aebeatoe duet on the lungs of the workers is to be found in unproved ventilation and dust suppression. At the same tune it was indicated that new problems in ventilation ware involved and that much experimental work would be necessary--more particularly in the textile branch of the industry--before a decision coaid be reached as to the best methods to be applied to the various mschinas used in the processes. Following on the publication of the Report, the aabeetos textile manufacturers were invited to e Conference at the Home Office to discuss these problems. At this Conference there wss complete agreement that everything possible must be done to suppress dust end the manufacturers undertook to render every possible assist ance. As an initial step, it was decided to set up a Committee con sisting of three representatives of the industry sod two of the Engineering Inspectors of Factories. This Committee wss consti tuted as follows :-- Mr. Leonard Ward, H.M. Senior Engineering Inspector of Factories (Chairman). Mr. J. Gow, The Cape Asbestos Co., Ltd. Mr. W. C. Fenton, British Belting Asbestos, Ltd. Mr. F. G. Kenyon, Turner Bros. Asbestos Co., Ltd. Mr. C. W. Price, H.M. Engineering Inspector of Factories. I now have the honour to submit the Report of this Committee. Complete agreement was reached, and a most helpful senes of recommendations (pages 9 to 36) adopted by the Committee has been subsequently confirmed by s second Conference of Manu facturer* held on 17th March, 1931. This Report has also been communicated to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress, who have made certain suggestions which will be taken into account in drafting a Code of Regulations under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, to give statutory effect to the Agreements arrived at by the Conferences. There it one matter referred to in the Committee's Report which calls perhaps for some comment. * Marts < tshwWs Das* * the Leap sad Hast Sapprsseiea ia the Artsetes Udaatry. MM.fliatteearvOJUa04-108, Priea Is. M. with pasta**). ten as 4 The Committee have pointed out (page 6; that in some textile processes, the amount of dust normally evolved appears to be too mall m the Light of present knowledge to warrant special recom mendations being made for its suppression, sod that they have therefore embodied in the Agreements their opinion in respect, of each of these processes whether or not the amount of dust calls for the application of remedial measures st the present time. This opinion is necessarily bleed on one important assumption, namely, the existence of a critical limit of dost concentration below which workers may be employed without injury to health. As the Committee rightly observe, the only working basis that can be adopted at present is a finding in the previous Report which suggests that the conditions in flyer spinning carried on without exhaust may be regarded as the " dust datum it is however desirable to that this limit is clearly provisional and ^ subject to siteraiioa in the light of further medical experience. In conclusion, I wish to record my high appreciation of the public spirit shown by the leading manufacturers in this industry, through their reedy oonaent to pool for the benefit of their industry their experiences in regard to the difficult problems to be solved, sod also of the valuable results which have only been achieved by the expenditure of much time and labour on the part of the Committee. I sm. Sir, i Your obedient Servant, QdULD BXLLHOCSX, Chief Inspector of Factories. ( i i REPORT ON CONFERENCES BETWEEN EMPLOYERS AND INSPECTORS CONCERNING METHODS FOR SUPPRESSING DUST IN ASBESTOS TEXTILE FACTORIES. The Report netted in March last on " Effect# o/ Aabeatoa Duat on the Lungs and Lust Huppreanon in the Aabeetoa Industry " * showed that, while exhaust 'ventilation had been applied with suc cess at many points in both the textile and non-textile branches of the industry, practical difficulties hindered its application to a number of processes, more particularly in the textile factories, in which dust is produced in harmful amount. An informal Confer ence of asbestos textile manufacturers and Home Office representa tives wae therefore arranged to consider theae difficulties and the best methods which oould be adopted generally for suppressing dust in insnuXactuniig and other processes. The Conference, which was fully representative of the Trade, took place at the Home Office on the 8th Jnlv, 1030, under the Chairmanship of Mr. D. R. Wilson, C.B.E., H.M. Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories. The Conference agreed unanimously that everything practically possible should be done to suppress dust and the manufacturers promised their full assistance to secure this result. It was then decided to set up a Committee oonaieting of three Trade represen tatives and two technical members of the Factory Department to consider the problem in detail and to collect all information availt' concerning dust suppressing methods. As the appointed .e representatives are connected with the larger works they have direct knowledge of the conditions under which the great majority of asbestos textile workers are employed. The Committee have reviewed the conditions in each textile process and have given special attention to those processes in which the provision of adequate remedial measures has hitherto presented many difficulties, e.g., mixing and blending (in preparatory work), card cleaning, spinning and weaving, and also to the special diffi culties appertaining to mattress making, strictly a non-textile pro cess but carried on to an important extent by several textile manu facturers. It waa therefore felt that thia Report would be incom plete unless this process were dealt with. The Committee have sought assistance from all asbestos textile manufacturers including thorn not represented at the July Confer ence. a Raiamd la thraacfcoet thia report aa " Tfca Aahaataa Baport." WJ3 A 3 1 j-ui cvucicii u> u.c Coiuimuecb deliberations, j v|-l* iu.uiu iu> Uwu ukcu by the Trade Members of the Gom- j uiiurr 10 cxjK-ntiifiii, w iheir fiU.tones, wub new or unproved Ji.-i ri-inutai applied to the varioiu processes m whici iIm- .ti j i Jiilu-ukir, Iready referred to are met with. The <'Xja'niui'iiu ini liiilc (1) the use, in piece of head nnckiee, of e ir.iViTMu^' tminii. lilted with an exhsust connection to s portable v.i.iiiiiji plain, fur cleaning the cylinder and doffera of carding machine*; (2) the application of exhaust to mixing and blending I (m opening processes) and to nng spinning; and (3) new methods i of applying exhaust to weaving. Theee experiments, which are de senbed later in this Beport, have resulted in a gratifying measure of tooosss. A senes of Agreements ooveriog ail the processes reviewed has bean reached, in most coses embodying specific recommendations (or eecuring the suppression of dost by exhaust ventilation. In addition, the Agreements deal with such matters as ventilation. hosting, and the settling of dost extracted from the workrooms. In some textile processes, the amount of dust normally evolved appeared to the Committee to be insufficient, in the light of preeent lamwledge, to warrant special recommendations being mode for j its suppression. Tie Committee have therefore embodied in the Agreements tbeir opinion whether or not the amount of dust so i evolved calls for the application of remedial measures at the present 1 time, with the reeervation that revision may be neceesary if there 1 is variation from the working methods generally adopted. or in i the materials now used. The Committee have found valuable i guidance from Dr. Merswether's view, stated at page 12 of the ! Asbestos Beport, * that in order to prevent the full development of the disease (eebeetoeu) amongst asbestos workers within the space of an average working lifetime, it is neceesary to reduce 1 the concentration of dust in the sir of the workrooms to a figure I below that pertaining to spinning at the time over which these I cases (i.e., those dealt with in the Asbestos Beport) wen exposed." For practical purposes, the conditions arising from flyer spinning j carried on without exhaust under good general conditions may. ] it loams to tha Committee, be taken as the " dust datum ", Flyer spinning is leas dusty than ring spinning to which process exhaust ; ventilation has now been successfully applied. If, therefore, s j perticular process appears to give rise to dust iu excess of that aaso* with ouch flyer spinning, the Committee regard the need for preventive meeeuree as sstahliahod. Tbia criterion is simple to apply to prooemas mch os mixing, blinding, tod dry weaving which ore obviously more dusty than flyer spinning. But difficulties were found to shoe as regards other processes, partly become the Committee felt that they lacked ft 7 necessary information of the nature and amount of the fibre or dust in the atmosphere, produced by these processes. The assistance of r Merewether, and of Mr. McNair. Engineering Inspector of E* .ones, who has made important mvestigations on dnsty atmo spheres, was therefore aonght concerning these difficulties, which were as follows :-- (1) In certain processes on opened material from which dust has been efficiently removed, a considerable amount of floating fibre may be given off into the air by attrition of the material. The collection by hand, at carding machines, of onoondsnsed carded fibre, the recovery of side wsste from the condensers of finisher cards, sad the handling of opened material in disintegrator cham bers are cases in point. The Committee were not satisfied at first that in such esses, where there may be much visible long fibre, there is of necessity also finer dust in excess of that produced in flyer spinning, which may be roedily inhaled into the lung. From the examination of samples. Dr. Merewether hss oome to tbs conclusion that such viable floating fibre is always eesociated with finer particles invisible to the naked eye, sad these ere being continually augmented by fracture of the larger fibres. The Com mittee accept this view end hsve based some of their recommenda tions upon it. . (2) In some cases, precise determinations in individual factories may be necessary to ascertain whether tbs dust evolved in a par ticular process is in excess of the criterion suggested shove. Similarly, such determinations may also be required to show the extent of the improvement effected by the introduction of any par ticular method of dust suppression. A gravimetric method of de termining the dust oontent in the air is briefly described in the > endix, page 36. The Committee reoogniae that such inveatig as may have to be undertaken in the future, but felt that the position was such that this report ought not to be delayed on this account. Notes on each Agreement will be found in the text together with descriptions end, where necessary, drawings of the dust-suppress ing plants recommended. The Asbestos Report contained a number of Recommendations, many of which the Committee have adopted. They have concen trated on Recommendation 1 (application of efficient localised ex haust ventilation at dust-producing points) as being the prune essential. They feel confident that at any rate the majority of the difficulties attendant on carrying out this Raoommendation can be overcome, in which case other precautionary measures re commended in the Report become unnecessary. The Agreements as whole are aimed at interfering as little as possible with existing working methods or lay-out of premises, e.g., substitution of mechanical methods for handwork, separation of nn a i 8 processes and wider spacing of plant are not specifically urged and, apart from the process of hand atrickling (cleaning) of card cylinders and defiers, prohibition of any existing working methods is not suggested. The Committee reoogeise that improved con ditions for the workers might be obtained in some eases by such changes, and indicate later in the report the advantages resulting from the adoption of mechanical methods, but are convinced that the effect of applying exhaust ventilation on the more extended lines which they reoommend will result in such a degree of dust oontrol as to leave only minor operations in which the conditions as regards dust are in excess of the " datum " suggested. The Trade representatives on the Committee are unanimous in supporting the Agreements arrived at, as presenting s practicable solution of many of the problems confronting the industry, but desire to emphasise that they do so in their capacity as individual members and that they cannot commit the Trade as a whole. The Committee realise that provision of means for carrying out some of the recommendations most take a considerable time, and the Trade representatives expect that a sufficient period will be allowed before requirements based upon them are enforced. They have also in mind that the British factories may be subject to unfair competition if restrictive requirements enforceable in this country are not adopted in foreign countries. They hope, there fore, that some appropriate action may be possible which will lead to uniform international requirements. 8th January, 1931. W. C. Fsnton. Jambs Grow. P. Q-. Exnyon. CHABU8 W. PaiOB. L. Wabd, Chairman. 1 ; I ; ! ; j I j 9 AGREEMENTS. Cruslung,--including preliminary Sack Emptying, Rough Mixing on Floor near Crushers, Feeding and Discharging. All processes give rise to dust sad exhaust draught should be applied. Crushers of both types, i.e., fixed pan sad revolving pea, aad those of small size, e.g., bowl crushers, should be eaciosed except for the necessary working openings. Feed aad delivery lattices to be enclosed and/or exhaust applied. Tbs cruaber (Tig. 1), enclosed sad exhausted si raoomaandod iu tiiu Agreement, is fed mechanically tram the inclosed elevator which is euppiieu from the handled lsttioe. Krblurt connections ere provided at the feed ing point of the lattice sad at the elevator enclosure. Whets a roa^ mixing of different grades of asbestos is made on tha floor beside the crasher, tha exhaust dreamt applied to the crusher map be utilised, ae ihowa in Plate 1,* to control the dust evolved. The crusher (mortar mill type) is completely andneed, except for tha working opening, in a wooden structure. The enclosure is extended in frost of this opening to form a mixing chamber, which ia open in front to the extent shown in Fig. 2. The exhaust draught applied to the top of the oruahsr eaeloaurs extracts the dart produced in tha mixing thember. Work in the chamber ie reduced to e minimum. The seeks ere taken into the chamber to he hooked on the hoisting rc^e parting through tha top, bat era hoisted, turned over sad emptied upon the floor from outside. Mixing ie also secomplidied from outaido by long-handled tools. The moo enter the chamber to feed the pen after the dart prodeoed ia mixing bee base extracted. Ae ea additional precaution, respirators ere worn. The crushed material is shovelled from the pan through an opening in tha side of tho enclosure, e cover, kept closed during the crashing, being provided in the woodwork. The material falls into the fully enclosed hopper feed of s sieving machine (tee Agreement 6). 2. Mixing and Blending of Crushed Asbestos. The process is dusty and exhaust draught should be applied. Exhaust ventilation baa recently been applied, in one large factory, Plate 2. An exhaust pipe, 13 ft. long is symmetrically placed about 9 ft. C ini. above tha mixing area which may maaaura sorts U ft. x 10 ft. Extraction takas piece st a sense of ilote, A ins. x H ins., on both sides of the pipe near tha bottom. Tha avaraga duct velocity provided for is 3,000 ft. per minute corresponding to a discharge of shoot 4,000 cubic ft. of sir per minute from the mixing area. This is tha flirt application of exhaust to this hand prooaa but, although much dart it removed, it is not yet dear that this arrangement will fully meet the case. Tha Com mittee think, however, that it should ha aooopted at tha present time but it may be that enclosed meohanioal mixing machines will be developed in the future. 3. Sack Emptying and Filling, Floonoork and preliminary Hand ling Processes msdoing contact with Asbestos Fibre. These operations are dusty and exhaust draught should be applied. The Agreement is intended to apply to all manipulation of sihastru in opening processes nheiehy dost is prnflnesd. Tho tiling and emptying of * Tha Platen fallow page JA. - - 9371 AS 10 fiwinrtf flier Jw*r- 12 ucu mil ikip*. *ao*iliag, raking ud waighmg m included. Tb* method of applying vtiu exhaust will <i*p*nu upon circumctano**. Plat* 1 mow* on* invtliuu. For such manipulation u i* involved m mixing or blending {Aiiimoum 2), la* axhaust arraagaataat shown in Plata 2 can b* adopted. For manipulation work ia chamber*, a** Agraamaat 10. Tliu <ioliv*ry on tb* boor of malarial from machines, sntziUng ub**qu*nt rMollactioa, should ba dispensed with to the greatest possible extant. Bagging lattioaa, sea Agreement 7, oaa ba adopted ta many ruai. to* revenibl* type (Fig. 3) baiag of cpaoial utility where work ia ooatiauoue aad rapid. 4. Filling, of Lattice and Other Hamper*. These operation* are dusty and exhaust draught should be applied, or the hopper* *o enclosed aa to prevent eacape o/ du*t. Lattio* aad other boppaw oovered by tba igmaomat include those at crushing pleats, oawiag machine*, disintagrmton, Cbighton op*oar* aad cards. Examples of azhaaat applied at lattio* bappan u* abowa for opening plant* in Plat** 8 aad 4--Aba plant ia Plat* 4 baiag fad by (boot from aa appar floor aad tor a head-led diaintagrator (Pig. S). Safeguard* adopted in cm factory for tba feeding of oard hopper lattio** ar* rleecribed under Afnmat U. 5. Separating, to remove Iron. The prooeaa ahould ba ao snclneed aa to prevent eacape of doat. Electromagnet* oaa always b* enclosed io that doit cannot *mp Tb Agreement ia directed against tba oaa of open apparatus which may give naa to dost. ft. Sieving. (a) Jig Type.--The procaaa ia dusty. The machine ahould be affectively covered over on the top and encloaed at the aide*, and exhauat applied. (b) Rotary Type.--Duet ie produced at the feeding point to which exhauat ahould be applied. The machine ahould be enclosed and/or under exhauat. Tia Agreement applies to tbs aisvtag of both ends aad ni uibwi aabasto*. Hitftarto, jig uarwi bar* aot baaa ennlneed to tb* extent passible Tba si*** abowa ia Plata* 6 aad t (a) ia almost oomplataly enclosed, with exhaust draught applied to tba top of tba acloior; **cap* of dust ia greatly rwdooad. Tb* material can b* oellaetad at abort iacliaad bagging, lattice*, tbas avoiding tb* dost tosooiMsd with hand colieotMe aad floor abossUiag. Where a rotary tisra is fad msnhsninslly as from aa alevator, aad tb* teadiag point is aaalnaad by tba aievater aonaaetion (saa Plata 4), tba asbeast ia appliad to tba Basing. 7. CriyJxton Opener*. Duet ia prodneed at the feeding point and at the delivery (e.g., lattice) end both ihoold be ones' exhaust. lie exhaust applied OOP 1M198-4 13 11 to the delivery cage by the machine fen may not deal with dun produced on the outeide of the cage or lattice end en independent exhaust connection u then required. Hm Agreement appliar to openers of both types, i.e. honxontal and vertical. Exheuet draught should bo applied both to head feeding, end to open mechanical feeding, ae from an exposed lattioa. Exhaust applied to tee feeding poiate of vertieel Crightoa openera u shown in Platea S (a) eod (). Althou^i the amount of dwt prodnoed at delivery iattioaa or other delivery apparatus ooouacted with Crightoa openers veriae oonaidereoiy, the aaoant in ell aaeae ia raiment a reader epplinetion of exhaust dreogat aaeeaaarr Delivery lattioa eed hogging lattioa aay he eaeioaed at toe aida end above, and axhacat applied a in Plea 8 (b). In thie ena, Bach of the doat prodnoed within the machine ia withdrawn by a eeireoataiaad fen through ezhaoat peatga in the frsaing, aoonected to the perforated cage from which the opened material paaa a the delivery lattioa. Use draught thne applied ia washy incapable of controlling the dnat prodnoed at the delivery lattice. 8. Opening by WOUys, Tearing and rimiiar Machine*. Dust ia produced at fending tad delivery lattices gad both should be under exhaust. The exhaust applied to the delivery cages or otherwise by the mnohinn fan (if any) may not deal with dust which may ariae from feed rollen, etc., doe to overfeeding or other cause and independant exhauat ia then necessary. Opening menhinee of the villsy or teaser type* alio give rim to dart at feeding and delivery lattioa, and the Agreement aims at eaenring appli cation of exhaust, a airaady illustrated for Crightoa openen (ae Agree meat 7). The aaoant of dwt eaitted at feed rollen any be increased by overfeeding or by an oasuitahls spend, aatten which should be kept oncer eheervntion. Self-contained fane for removal of duet generated within the machina ere cruelly iaagwhle of ****l;-g with the dost at delivery lattioa. 8. Disintegrating. Duat ia produced at the feed, and exhaust should be applied if the auction draught produced by the machine does not prevent the eacape of dust. The Agreement is intraded to apply to all disintegrators. The escuse. draught prodeoed at the feed point aay ant be eofieieat to carry away all tha dwt prodnoed in feeding, ia vhiah ena exbawt it nsoassiry. MoiAteainal fending is adopted in tuny seem, bat hand feeding is etui letsissrt where diftrout grades aro treated. The dost so prodnoed is ro- aeveii, in oar factory, by the arrange**** shown ia Tig. 4. Exhaust is applied to the chamber iato whieh the Abarised material is daUverod, thne predaaiag a aaah stroogsr dreaght through the feed opening of the dis integrator. 16 Ui 10. Chambers tn connection unth DismUgruian, and Willeys, Teasing and similar Machines, and Bins for Opened Matenai. Clumbers axe aot necessary for delivery from willeys, teasers or similar opemu^ machines for textile matenai, and automatic collection can be adopted. This is also true for disintegrators working on certain classes of material and it is hoped that it will eventually prove to be the case for all. In oertain non-textile work, e.g., mattress making, a -reserve of opened bulk material must be stored and chambers are regarded as essential. Whether these are entered or not, exhaust should be applied to handling points and in addition poaaibly other safety measures, e.g., respira tors, limitation of hours worked by individuals, etc. Bins to be treated si chuobsn. T-TVnHiing includes shovelling, weighing and iiniir manipulation. The chambers dealt with ia this Agraanout ere thorn is which opened material is deposited--either hy the direct notion of the opening machinery or by being blown forward hr a fan ooanomnd to the diMharge of the opening nhianrr sad which are entered by the worker*. Bias an open storage place* to which materiel'u men and inm which it is re collected when required. In view of the tenon* risk of inhalation of dost resulting from work m chamber* and at bias, the Committee hare carefully oonudered whether it was pomible to rtoommead their prohibition bat regret that it ant ae at the present time. Alternative arrangemeate ana he weed for much chamber work. Fig 5 ahowa a ayatom now applied actoamveiy to deal with opened ----! from diaintegraton. An --k---- fan oonneotod with the delivery from the die- inlagraior blow* tha material into a large hopper container, from which it is colleeted, under prentirally doat-free oonditiona; a travelling band at tha bane of tha ooaveya it to a reversible bagging lattioe. The travelliag band ia tscioead aad " aaalad" at the delivery point by a prsmure roliar. Tha air, treed at its charge of asheotoa, ia raturned from the cowtoiaer, being tw iwroilsted through tha system to the fan inlet, grnen air aatanag the ayatom is released at a Altering " helicon " oanaeetod to a branch dost on tha retara air Una. If rdisis hers are discarded, it is important that apparatua which ia reasonably free from risk should be substituted, e.g., laUiaas fitted with axhauat as previously dsenrihsd. Stonge ohambera for mattress making can be arranged to that it ia aot necessary to enter them for tha filling of seek*, etc. The tiling ia daae from the front under tha indueno* of an eshaust draught. All chars hen which an entered should be under an ethanat dnught but it does not appear to be pomible to prevent the inhalation of dust cuhr.iently by this noons. Fending the elimination of ahemhen, other precaution should bo adopted as indicated in the Agreement. _ li. Carding. Exhaust to be applied to all cards at feed apron, licker-m. head of cylinder and each doffar comb and brush. Collection of carded fibre is duty and exhaust should be applied. Tho Agreement ie islanded to apply te all types of carding nsrhinas. DUP 1141988 17 *- 18 The diffnrent method* of applying exhaust adopted up to the present tiiu an not equally aunciamful. The Oommittee hove oome to the oouelusion that the moot successful method ywt devmsd of applying exhaust vantiUtion to carding machines u that la an at Moan. Turner Broa. Asbastoe Co.. Ltd., Bochdala. Thu firm hers adopted a standard arraageBMSt which la fitted o aooh saw carding maccma installed (Fig. 8). Tha following description has hoaa prepared is tha main from sotaa supplied by tha firm: -- Five machines an a maximum are exhausted by one main; tha fas discharg ing to its independent settling plant, ditar inctailauon, extension* and alterations an not permitted. Not more than one oard on each eat it per mitted to be olstnsd at one time. During cleaning a Urge auxiliary branch connection, which at other timac is taut off by a alida damper, is brought into use at tha hand of the syliadar to increase the air ramorai from that ;' ' I Applied at: (a) Cylinder head. (hi Feed Apron. (c) Fly Combs. (d) Lichar-m. machine by a dadnita amount pponded for is the design, aa described below. No slide dampers are pponded except those on the branch ooenaction end tha distribution of tbt draught cannot ba interfered with. No filtering mntenai is seed is the settling system (described intar); the resistance sad the sir volume remain constant. fahanet la applied at tha following points;--hand of cylinder, feed apron, iy combs, and lichsr-ia, at all of mtuoh cover hoods are fitted. Brantei ducts are tenanted to hath sides of the oover hoods, except at tha hood for tha hekor-is to which a single data only is connected at on# sad, directed to oostrol the duet across the entire width of card (Fig. 7). Pyramidal bonds with oaatomi branch date connections have boon entirely discarded. The cover head for the cylinder heed which is speaially designed is symtestiioally supported 4 ins. above aa opening in the top at tha cylinder sever, a gap of this depth, to saaa from the feeding or lielur-im aide of the machine, being left for anfisar of air from the room (Plata T). The open ing in the cylinder oover is 40( inn. long (for a sard 80 ins. wida) and IS ins. 19 Fro Anon Ooraa Hooo in Ixunt Oenaonoaa. Cmu rrmas Coro How worn Tamru-m m bunt Comnwnoa. Vote AManotivo to (dX Fta. 7. JET . . ! ` ! ' 1 - i i ! i '20 . wide. Tha bach and aidan of the ooror hood an eeeled off daring cording by the swirei wooden dap " rales " shows. Tb# eflect of tint arrangement in that don ruing from tho cylinder hood in cnnght by thn air entering the system from thn room through thn front gap, and oarrind away with thn draught. Whan hooda an hand directly to an opamug in thn oyUader oorar, thin satisfactory ranoit cannot ha ohtamad. Tha wooden flap, when turned bach, parmita tha cylmdar oorar to ba rainad whan prwpanng for cleaning. Tha average duct velocity throughout tha lyatem should ba 3,000 faat par nunnta. An efleetive ana of 152 aquam inchaa in provided in tha main duct for aach sard, 18 inn. to 60 inn. wide, aooountad for an follows:-- (a) /or Cordtap. 3j. Jtu. CyUnder bead: two 1-ineh connartiont.................................... 25 Faad apron and Liskar-ia: oaa Ifdaoh oonaeetion.............. 16 Fly ooaaha: two 24-inch oonaaotioaa .................................... 10 (approx.) ... 61 . (h) For Coid Claaatag and Onmdutp. Am additional 100 eqaan inohaa, for tha spamal 11 in. auxiliary branch nonnartinn (araaa taction 86 aq. ina.), hrooght into naa aa nqnmd, aa ptw> Ttooaly axpltnad. Allowing for oaa grinding oomnaetion haiag in oaa, efleetive main doot diameters for tha ant of 6 cards an 11, 164, 17, 184, and 30 lnohat. Tha uniformity of diatnbntion throughout tha ayvtem ia fnrthar aaonnd by aanfnl daaigmng, a.g. -- Badncuoca of diamctar in tha main dnet an mada on tha top, Mooring a honsoatei ban Una, and to treading any tattiamaat of doat ia tha main dnet. Branches aatar tha main at aa aagia of not more than 30 to tha Una of flonr. Jnnctiona am naoothiy flniahed internally. Tiaaad iron ia naad to minimise friction. SUding and oiaaning doom an not nintaatry hat and oapa an pro- ridad for anamination purpneaa - * Mofl ooopliagt an prowidad for tha aoamaelioaa which hara to bo hrokaa and ro-mado for oiaaning pnrpona. Pipa aada tarmiaatmg in anfl cooplingt an wind urtarnaily and ftauheri smooth; mad oonplmgt an wind externally. Cordad /thrt.--Aa prewionaly rafarrad to, tho collection by hand of ssrdod flhro raaults ia attrition of tho matonal which may anbiset tha workan to risk. Suitable precaution* an aaoaaaary ineioding tha application of aAcieat askance draaght, which tha Ooaaittaa raoogniaa may ba dificoit. Thu oaa bo avoided by adopting automatic oollaotKin at tha maehiaa, aa found in cartaia faelonaa, aa iaalinad lattioa (Tig. 8) haiag prowidad ia front of tha doflar, to which exhaust is applied aa in Fig. 6. "Sootoh " faad and other lemon, for fending botwaaa braahar and oaeda, may giro naa to some anout of floating flbn. The move- mant ia alow and the motohal, in tho form of a flaaoa, is bat Uttla dis turbed. Tha Ooaunitiaa regard the amount of floating flbn aa likely to ho ao amaU, prowidad tho Ultima an maittainod im aAoiaat order, aa to raadar apaoial prooantioaa naTureaaary. Aa Ooauaittaa'i raoommandatiniw to deal with dart ia tha fllliag of lattioa happen (see Ign--iat 1) are iataodail to apply to hopper faad lattioaa at eardiag manhinaa. Ia oaa Ibtm worha, tha apanad material ia breught ia haga of rabbar-proafed fabric; tha month ia aamowkat larger j : . ' , ( I J 21 22 than lit* bottom. Tbeae bags givs rise to much lam doit thus the ordinary tack, u shaking oat is not rnqouvd to ioaaan dinging material. They are being brought into am tor all transport o< asbaetoe within tho factory. At thia factory, all tha lattioaa ara fried with motal ooven kept doaad during tha prooaai axoapt whan faading is aaoamary. For thia operation, tha bag is intoned in tha faad opamng prwndad in tha cover. Soma faad hoppera ara provided with doth ooran, bat thaaa cannot ba recommended. 12. Card Stripping (Cleaning). Hand (trickling, or other hand *iae"j"g proceee before gnadieg, give* rue to vary dotty oooditiou and ahould be prohibited. Tha Asbootee Expert draw ipaual attention to tha astramaly dotty opera tion of card and defer cleaning with hand atneklaa, and to tha inadequate tanHard of duat suppression iwaebad. Ike Report alao roferrad to tha poaaibility that a manbininlly-cparatad broah might ba danaad which, with aahaust appliad, would bo afbotiaa in radocug tha duat. Tha Committee Sad that a bruah of thia danenptiou (Plata 8) daaignad by lfaasrs. Bntuh Bolting * Aabaatna Ltd., Olankbaatnn, baa boon on trial far tnma ttma and baa givan much aatiafaetion both for nlnnning and for duat suppreanou, tha Oomaittaa ara glad to raport that tha firm have no objection to older aaboatoa Anna adopting thia appliaaaa. Tfa following partioolan have baan praparad from notaa supplied by tha Arm. A revolving cylindrical brnte, faoad with card slothing, ia almoat oompiataiy anclamd within a ooaar, sonaeo-ed by flexible armoured boaa to a portable vacuum plant. Tbo axpoaad pcinon of tba bruab sdecte tha dean' ing, tha duat erected being lamaaed by tha drought. Tha broah ia menntad on a " Dronafwid " travorm wheel grinder maohaniam (No. 130) by which it is movod aiswiy to and fro aoroaa tho cylinder or dofer as required. Tha mechanism is ast up in tha grinding brackets and ia driven in tha manner adopted in many textile works for cross traverse card finding. Wbao tha card has run dear and all redan, alaarwn, fancies, sic. have baan re moved, tha two dsffan are drawn back f in. from tha cylinder, suitable distance piaaae, a.*, waahan, being inaartad between tha doffer onmags and tha main frame. A " DrnnrtsIH " alow motion drive is flttad to tho bottom doffsr shaft (Pig. 9), thia giving tho mcnry motion, from tha opposite sido of tho machine, to tha upper doflar and tha cylinder (Tig. 10). Tba x-y~s- m* earn y/^AstjaW Pu. 9. J- Hmy bawl -a Tie. 10. 23 diameters of venous pulley* required re u marked; that of the eard cylinder ihown la 50 iaa. Hu pulley B (fit- 9), which u normally a faat nulley, mult ba convertible mto a looaa pallay. For this purpoaa, a lock jolt kaa bean prondad aa aaad ia lathas. Tha orarall diameter of tba bruab, i.a. orar tha Wrapping wire, abouid ba tha same aa that of tba finding rollar. Tba brush aaad baa an outside diamatar of 7 ina. and a apaad of 400 revolutions par aisuu. A lUrfaca apaad of tba card ciothing of about 90 ft. par aunuta baa prorad satisfactory. Tba apaad of tbo traverse ia ao arraagad that for ona oompiata revolution of tha eylindar or doffar, tba broth, 3 ina. wida, moves slightly laaa than tba width of tba wire tkaraon; ia tha proaant inoteno* tba movement ia Si iaa Tbo pitch of tba travaraa acraar ia 1( iaa. and a furtbar moani of adjust* maat it provided by tba twin pnUay drive shown ia Plata S. Tha polity A on tba taba drive* tba daobla jockey awiagiog pallay B by matat of a bait. A aacoad bait dnraa polity C, which ia lxad oa tba travaru* screw aad uda ao that it aaa ba aiigbtly aapaadad, allowing tba rata of troTana to ba adjoatad aa required. A Stortaaoat No. 4 tarbiao vacuum dotnor ia aaad for oollactiag tba dart. Tba Coauaittaa fad that, ia view of tba aoaeaaa achieved with tbia maobaaical ciaaaing broab, tba Trada aboold at oaoa taka atapa to adept it aad that tha haad praoam aboold ba probikitad. IS. Card Grinding. Card grinding may be productive of aabsstos duit and efficient exhaust should then be applied. Tba Agraamant appiiaa to tba gnndiag of eylindar aad doffan; vary littia motallic daat ia predated aad if pralimiaary alaamag ia efficiently dona, u with tbo maobaaical braab daaenbed oadar Agraamant 12, tba amount of aabaatoa daat should alto bo tmall aad tbo ordinary azhanat arraagamanta proridad at tba manhina oapabU of affostlag ita ramorai. 14. Grinding of tmall Card Roden at Grinding Machine. This process ia dusty and efficient exhaust should be applied. Efficient aabaaat ia readily applicabla (Plato 9) to tba grinding frama or machine normally aaad. Tba enclosure of the machine abouid bo aa oompiata aa practicable. Tba praaant method of onllacting the heavy debria which falla within tba machine, by raking tba material to the chop door, givaa rise to much dost which would bo obviated if shallow ooatauaan, a.g. trays, ware proridad, to receive tha material as prodaead. IS. Card Watte End Machines. The delivery of the fibre by blowing it upon open perforated cages produoea dusty conditions and efficient exhaust should be applied. Waits ends aboold bo oollaotod only oadar " aoctioa '* aaaditioos (Pig. 11). Where a maohiaa of tba type aboa a ia Pig. IS ia adopted, tha ltoe beiag blows opoo porforotad ayiindan to whiab aabaoat ia sot applied, doaty ooaditiona era inevitable, Tha Agreamaart, ia affect, mould prohibit tbs oaa of inch a manbioa a \ LMjh ,*/ \ 3 )) x aZVrf--t wmh Zm Tie. IX --Cap Wiin Sue Kaoxibs. 25 I DUP 1141997 I 36 16. Derby Doubler Machinet, Tbe 11 dust " oonditions do not appear to call far special sction t present. Derby doublers at* bat litUs need tad only firs rut to t until amount at doit. ' 17. Spinning, including Doubling, Plaiting, and Braiding. Ring spuming is dusty and efficient exhaust should be applied. The amount of dust produoed in flyer spinning, doubling, plaiting and braiding is apparently not inch as to necessitate provision of exhaust arrangements. Bias spinning is ohvinimly smw dotty tats flynr spinning. at tbs Ctpt asbestos Co., Ltd., Barking, sshaust veatilatioa has rnanatly boss iuoosss- (ally uppiisd to ring spinning, ts ihcwn ia Tig. IS, tad tbs ooaditioaa ui coasogiiemw greatly improved, dost aot being visible st brettbiag level, a ttrtm of beads, aonaoetod to bsriaoettl eshsnst duets above the tin rollon, ua fltted behind the spindlm oa each ode of the frame, eeeh heed dealing with tbs dost (ram 4, S er 4 spindlm. Tbs lower parte of the fre met tad the eads bare beee oleeed ia with weed panelling, to eoaoeatrete the flow of air to the eriuest hoods mere completely at the spiadle bae. The total volume of air moved from oeeh spinning frame is estimated at 4,400 eabie feet par minute. The arreagsamate do aoa obstruct tbe process. The Onawnittae have asplaiaad at an earlier Hags of this Report that flyer spinning earned on without draught may ba piednotive of so little dust that exhaust ventilation for its suppression doss aot, in the light of present knowledge, appear to be sooasaary. They have therefore not suggested preoantioaary measures for flyer spinning, bnt it may be that tome spinning of this kind is earned oe under Ism satisfactory conditions thaa those indicated aad ia that csee precautions will be aeoaesary. is exhaart ventilation has aow bean aoenasfniiy applied to ring spinning, it appears that it oonld also be adopted for flyer spinning if aeomaary. 18. Warping and Winding. The " dust " oonditions at those marJiinoe do not appear to call for action at present. The Committee have formed tbe opinion that tha conditions in those proeeeeas are, in general, probably aot lam eatiafaetory than those ia flyer spinning which the Committee have taken as tha " dost datum." It may bo, hewaver, that dost determinations will shorn that in certain eiroomstaaeas more dusty conditions prevail, in which case remedial mcccnieg should be adopted, e.g. by applying Wmaiissri exhaust. 19. Wearing. Dry weaving is necessary for rtain r)lf-- of y*m and apparontly cannot be discontinued. Dry weaving (uxcopt flna yarn listing*) and much social lad wat weaving is dusty and sxhaust i I 27 should be applied at least (a) between the fell of the cloth end the heelds and (b) between the heelda end the beck reat. The method of applying the draught cannot be standardised at preaent owing to the varying type* of looma in uae. Sinoe the issue of the Asbastoe Beport, the pomibiiity of applying localised axhaust vsntilaiion more effectively at loome has bees investigated at the works with which tho Trade representatives ara ooanaotad. The rasuiu ohtaioed on that it is p****'1*1^ by exhaust ventilation to reader conditions ia tha praoaas as satisfactory as in flyer ginning, but the oast is onnsifierahls The lass dusty oonditions have bssa obtained by applying tha draught under the warp. Inverted --IL~*11*g hoods are planed both in front of and behind the bealds sod as oioae to them as oan oonvemantly be arranged (Fig. 14). The mouth of seed hood should bo os olsss so possible to the 'warp threads. For srido looms, two hoods in lias should be uaed instead of a single hood, to ensure a store uniform draaght over the entire width of tho loom. Tho hoods must bo arraagsd ao as to aflord aooaaa to tho bottom >acks or tappets. The under eurp ethaust may be luppiaoeoted by an additional axhaost hood, of tapsvod form, fitted ahova tha breast, oonoested at its largor ead with a branch dust at tha side of tho loom. Ex amples are aboaru in Fig. IS. Bus piwvimen is mads to romnva dost pro duced in boating up. Tha forward movement of tho sley may provost soma of the dust from baisg draws to tbs hood under tha warp, in which ease it is desirable that the breast hood should bo fitted. The exhaust hoods sad doom ara muoh larger than those hitherto adopted and tha volume of air removed is considerably greater. 29 Plata 10 Aon 4 recant application of aliaoat m which hood* in fitted abort tha warp threadi behind the hatlda, tad at the baating-np point. Tbia motbod followa the okltr pracuct, bat the boodi art of large dimannont md tha roinma of air removed par minnu la oneh graatar than previouaiy. Tha oonaidarabla coat involved in providing exhauat ventilation on thaaa liberal linaa will inevitably lead tha Trade to adopt wet method* wherever poaaibia. Such methoda hitherto have not, in many caeae, jwdnoad tha dual to tha low oonoantration required. Damping haa baas dona in a more or laaa haphaaard manner, a.g. by vat brsahing of tha warp or by dipping the ehuttle oop m water. The Oommittaa do not think any aret method ehouId be aocaptad nnlaaa it can be shown, by actual tact, that tha naoaaaary reduction of dnat haa boon aohiavad. Fla. IS.--axnaneuujn or Warn Tsar in Iau *'<" mi War Waavara. new method haa recently bans adopted which ii apparently more affective than thoaa referred to. Aa idle relkr, partly immcried in a shallow tray of water, ia providad andar tha warp. (Fig. 10). AH tha warp threeda in tarn amhe ooataet with thia wet foliar. Tha Oammittee feel that thia method, and ethara which sappraae dnat, may ha foand to ha aatiafactory. Tha ftaa liatiaga referred to ia tha igiaamaal are vary narrow " tanaa " which grre riao to little or no daat. ** ' 30 TO. Processes tubtequent to Weavtng, Cloth Examining, Prueing, Calendering, etc. The conditions as to dust do not appear to call for special action at present. Tbs final prooM* on woven febnas are not entirely fra* from duat, but it appears that tbs eoneentrstion is less thsn m dyer spinning. 21. Mattrue Making. Mattress making gives rise to much dust. Fibre-filled mat tresses should be effectively damped and, if this is not sufficient to suppress the dust, exhaust should be applied. Such exhaust may be by cross ventilation of the room. Benches and floors should be water sprayed. Efficient respirators should be worn during filling, besting or levelling. Ioralissd srrhanet ventilation has not jet, so far as the Committee are ware, been applied to mattress --Ttio prohion prsasnts esoeptioaal difloulty, ssporially as records large mattresses. The OuamiWoe beiiere, hoereeer, that precautions can be taken which should reduce the dust in the air to s low ooncoatration (eseopt daring tho mtorreis required for filling aed for boating or levelling out) but little different from that found in fijer spinning. The precautions reoonunended era: -- (a) Directional cross ventilation applied in each workroom aa in Fig. 17. This ventilation effected is equivalent to about IS changes of air par hoar. Tho freed air supplj, suitably warmed in col 1 wastear, is admitted on one aide of tho room at about 4 ft. above the low, at a senes of openings on tho inclined upper fuse of the air trunk, so being directed slightly upwards. Othsr openings, e.g. windows, are kept dosed. The dust-laden air ie ex tracted at the other tide of the room through an opening in a large duet, which is exhausted by a propeller fan, discharging to tha atmosphere. Tbs benebaa are planed parallel to tho lino of air flow. (b) Division of workroom by f~lul partitions into two, three or more similar oompartmenta, as shown. During filling, wkiah is dona by one or two workers, tha other workers art withdrawn to adjoining oompartmenta to work on filled mattramea. A continuous passage-way is loft along tha extraction tide at the oompartmante, doom being provided in tho partitions on this side. (c) Wide spacing of benches Over-crowding of metTrim making work rooms with benches, materials, ate. is particularly undesirable. (d) Damping of floors, workbenches and mattress covers. Tha Committee attach special importance to this precaution which, when dons cAciently, rapprcmec tho dost appreciably. Effective means for spraying floors and benches should bo provided. Floors and benches should bo kept damp during working hoars. The covers for fibre filled msttrawsa should be thoroughly sprayed previous to filling, and tha asms precaution adopted as far as possible for mittnsa coven generally. Most of tho matteeaaae made in textile factories era filled with asbestos fibre, " magnesia " or other compositions which contain a proportion of aahaitas not being sand. Tha Agreement has baas drawn ap with special regard to tha conditions nndar which fibra filled mnttrmaaa (tho making of etith is deehtiom atteodsd with tho greater risk) are manufactured. Tha Oewmilln feel, however, that thair laaoweiaeristions, with certain ex ceptions, oaa and theold bo applied to tha Making at all insolation mnttrstssa prodeotive at ssbsslss dust. 81 Tia. 17.--Caoai Vnrm^noji ltd Bn-imiioii ot Miraiai Kiim Book. I 32 22. Sep Dus: should charge: any wc The a ins pl' fine dui Dust xhaus to tSet The C inatal p particu; require! particul The u but the may be etruetui some di and we inclined weather larger f Aj fii maint a to a la haa aba targe o oollecii chaxnbe lu aff Cleanir wearini eficien: laden < t Eac l operai air ac necesi The ecale t But tt caaaa thu o intend arrang thu ah aa 22. Separation oj Dust Collecting Apparatus from Workrooms. Dust collecting and separating plants, including balloons, hould be effectively separated from workrooms and the air dis.iiarged from such plants should not be allowed to escape mto any workroom. The Agreement ia directed against the practioe of installing duet collect ing plsnta, end particularly those provided with filtering fabrics to arrest fine dust, in the workrooms. 28. Dust Filtering Apparatus. Dust filtering apparatus provided in connection with a system of exhaust ventilation should be so designed and maintained as not to affect the efficiency of the exhaust side of the system. The Committee recognias that the Trade geosrail? mast be prepared to instel plant of the highest affisiawcy and so to maintain it. Seem of the particulars given ia vnrione Agresesente ere intended to suggest minimal requirements for various details of such pleats, and these and other particular! will afford, ths Committee hope, useful guidance to designers. The usual pracSwe in the Trade is te nee titering fnbric for duet settling, but the overall tree of each material is often insufficient. Lack of room mar he the reason tor #1. Vtg. IB shewn an external dost filtering structure used ia one large works. The material, a ooarse rabne, permits some dost to paae into the atmosphere, bat tba structure is in the open sir and wall separated from all the factory buildings. The deep eaves end ths inclined shields nadsr them prevent the fabric becoming wet in rainy weather. The deep rectangular cantina made in all the aides afford a much largar filtering area than would otherwise be possible on an equivalent space. As filtering fabrics become dirty, the dust removal cannot be constantly maintained at the highast efficiency. Automstio cleaning apparatus might, to a larga extant, remedy this but it has not yet bean adopted. Ons firm has sbandonsd filtering fabric in favour of a dust settler which consists of a large chamber into which tbs fan discharges and where the heavier dust collects, end a cyclone for settling finer dust, connected directly to the tsmber (Tig. 19). This settling plant taken ap a larga cubic space. -s effoct on the dust removal plant doss not vary--en important advantage. Cleaning is only necessary once every few months, the men ooncernsd thon wearing respirators. A cyclone need in this way appears to be s more efficient apparatus for settling fine dust than whan used for reomving dustladsn sir direct from the fen. 24. Factory Ventilation and Heating. Each workroom should be ventilated so as to ensure the efficient operation at all times of all dust removal plants therein. The air admitted for ventilation ahoold be sufficiently wanned, when necessary. The dost removal plants ia eahmtee textile works sra on saeb a large scale that inadequate ventilation of the factories need net be anticipated. Bot the arrangements for the supply of fresh air may be taadaqaete in soma caaas to ensue the oeeamery air meveaeeat te the sstnetioa points. Should this oocnr, the efficiency ef the hat removal will fall. The Agreaamnt is intended to obviate this. Ia many factories, piennm ventilation, with arrangements for heating the air enpply in sold weather, era installed, end this should be the general practice. V" 34 35 25. Precautionary Leaflet for Worker*. Precautionary leaflet for the guidance of workers m the industry should be prepared by the Home Office. The Committee think mooh good would result and apprabansioa bs allayed by distributing to all workers id tbs industry and to no* workers sntaring it, a leaflet giving tbam laiormatioo in umple tarnu 9I the nak ittaedant upon inhalation of ihar*nt dust, and bow bast tbit risk can ba aroidod. They mndaratand that tha leaflets iasuad in otbar indnstnaa lor sack pur ports bava baan prodoetira of nudi good. Note on Factory Cleaning.--The Trade members have made careful trials of various systems of vacuum cleaning and the Committee are disappointed with the results. The Committee think that when the improvements recommended above in this Report are effective, the danger attendant on dry cleaning will not be so greet ee was anticipated. I I 1I DUP 1142007 36 APPENDIX. GtiToanig CanucDunoit or Doit. Tk* duet im amatod in a email quantity of aafar piaoed ia a Gooch crambio, tee auger being afterwarda diaeolred in vator and filtered through a tarad filter paper which ia afterwarda dried and ra-weighed. (If prafarrad, an oaterad filter paper may Jm uaad and afterwarda barn* to aah and weighed.) " Tia arrangement of tha apparataa ia ahown ia tha drawing boiow. The Goook enable (1) ia fitted ia tea ml faabioa iato tea aaek of a filter kottla (, white ia annaaatail by rubber taking tbroagb a " T " band (3) to aa axbaaat band ptuap (4). Tha " T " bead dipt late water ia aa otbarwiaa oloaad boteia (fi). At each etroke of tea pomp tea water ia drawn sp tea nrtionl toba aad Maintained throughout at tea mark () aa teat aacb auwke ia anteaaatad aadar tee aaate prateoio ooaditioae. Tha poiap taunt be calibrated: teia May ba dam by attaching it wbaa act up, aa if far aaa. to water Mater pteaad bayaad tea Goate armihie. A large gitaa raaail ahoold bo nteipaaari batwaaa tea Mater aad tea ialat to tea Oaacb crwmbla to praraot aadaa fiactoatiaa of premia. Tha taiatea agaitaiaot of aaob atraka ia teaa aaaartaiaad. - 037.' 0373 U DUP I M ? 0 0 <J DUP IM 7 0 I0 "i t o r i ' l l d n a ( in '-'.I t DUP 1142014 Pun DUP 1142015