Document 65R5oDnx3V2m4Dxq504MvpvQ1

physical /. properties and suggested o ^ \ applications Application data bulletin No. O-P-115 DSW 434661 STLCOPCB4087720 t j% J . i Ml k 4. 1* V# S..t ,4k. 5. \ S* VM ^kf.r^as^usj TO: JOSEPH S. TOBIN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN DEPT. ST. LOUIS 66, MO. REQUISITION FOR ADVERTISING PRODUCTION <;iiRiPr.T Corrections in "Arcelor Coapounds" booklet -- pages 10 and 11. Monsanto Chemical Company DATE - 2A6/6i---------- ----------------charge no. 2-00-352*33-350-6302 DATE WANTED 0 Layout wanted__.___ . Complete Job QUANTITY JOB NO RE RUN SIZE: (Retain This Copy In Your File} COLORS: 0 I Color 0 2 Color 0 3 Color 0 4 Color (Process or other) 0 Varnish general INSTRUCTIONS: Change plates according to attached instructions and hold for next printing. DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS: DSW 434662 V. H. OrosseSIGNED--------------------------------------------------------------_____ Organic Advertising NOTE: When changes are made which affect any of the above specifications, indicate changes on your copy of the requisition and put through in the usual way. STLCOPCB4087721 t *, / .rfj. an.rt l 4 i* ' * - \ / .f 'i'V. .*. i-* .;. .. 4% . 'v v . * j....` .1. . * - - : T, . s*v. 5 TO: JOSEPH S. TOBIN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN DEPT. ST. LOUIS 66. MO. REQUISITION FOR ADVERTISING PRODUCTION siirifpt "The Arcelor Compounds" booklet -- re-run. Monsanto Chemical Company date___ 1/30/61 charge no- 2-00-352.33-350-6302 DATE WANTED Layout wanted Q Complete Job QUANTITY 3# 000 JOB NO._ (j^RE RUN SIZE: (Retain This Copy In Your File) COLORS: I Color 2 Color rj 3 Color I ! 4 Color Qj Varnish (Process or other) GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: delivery instructions: To Literature Department, South Second Street. DSW 434663 SIGNED & Organic Advertising DEPT__________________________________________________ ;------------- :---------------------------------------- NOTE: When changes are made which affect any of the above specifications, indicate changes on your copy of the requisition and put through In the usual way. STLCOPCB4087722 FOREWORD The Aroclors*, chlorinated biphenvl and chlorinated poly-phenyls, possess unique properties which enable the fulfillment of requirements not met by other materials. This has won a prominent place for Aroclors, particularly, in the electrical insulating field and in such widely differing applications as nonflammable hydraulic media, hightemperature and high-pressure lubricants, heat-transfer and expansion media, sealing compounds, adhesives and protective coatings, including plastics, pigments, lacquers, paints and varnishes. 1'his booklet describes the properties of thirteen Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor described there is a dark-colored grade of other wise approximately the same physical and chemical char acteristics. These darker products are less pure but lower in price. The Aroclors are efficient and very economical, both when used alone to accomplish results not attainable by other materials and when used as extenders to enhance the properties of other products. They are produced exclusively by Monsanto Chemical Companv. * Registered in L. S. Patent Office. DSW 434664 STLCOPCB4087723 INDEX Page No. GENERAL PROPERTIES.................................... 3 Genera) Physical Properties of Some of the Aroclors............................................ `1--5 Resistance of Structural Materials to Aroclors ...........................................................6 Adhesiveness........................................................... 7 Specific Volume............................... 7 Average Coefficients of Expansion, Aroclor 1248 ...................................................... 7 Corrosion.................................................................... 7 Density........................................................................ 9 Electrical Properties..............................................9 Non-drying Properties......................................... 9 Nonflammability...................................................... 9 Solubility..................................................... ..... 9 Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity . 9 Electrical Properties............................................. 9 Thermal Conductivity of Aroclor 1248 . . 10 Stability..................................................................10 Toward Alkalies.............................. 10 Toward Acids.................................................... 10 Toward Heat.....................................................10 Toward Oxidation........................................... 10 Surface Tension.................................................... 10 Thermoplasticity..................... 10 Vaporization Loss . ... .. . . . . .13 Vapor Pressures.................................................... 13 APPLICATION OF AROCLORS..................... 15 Adhesives..................................................................15 Electrical Equipment............................................15 Expansion Medium................................................ 15 Page No. Hydraulic Medium................................... .... . 15 Power Transmission.......................... 15 Hydraulic Pressure Medium..................... 15 Liquid Heating Medium..............................16 Lubrication............................................................. 17 Air Compressors................................................17 Cutting Oils.....................................................17 High Temperature........................................... 17 Extreme Pressure............................... 17 Submerged Lubrication.................................. 18 Gaskets and Packing Materials......................... 18 Dermatologv and Toxicology..............................19 Suggested Uses for Aroclors in Plastics, Pig ments, Lacquers, Paints, Varnishes and Waxes................................................................. 20- Compatibility with Various Materials . . 20 Ethyl Cellulose............................................... 20 Graphic Arts.................................................... 20 Impregnation.................................................... 21 Moisture Proofing........................................... 21 Pigment...................... .......................... .... . 21 Paints and Varnishes...................................... 21 Rubber and Rubber Substitutes .... 22 Modified Rubber Finishes............................. 22 Vinyl Resins........................................................ 22 Nitrocellulose Coatings..................................23 Waxes..................................................................... 23 Diagrams Showing Practical Composi tion of Lacquers Using Aroclors 1254 . and 1262 ..............................................24-25-26 Other Literature on Aroclor Applications...........................................27 2 DSW 434665 STLCOPCB4087724 t \ i .t * i.# o'.r-- *v ;.- *w.- :) *4 4- General Properties The Aroclors range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crys tals and hard transparent resins. They are non-oxidizing, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility and non-corrosive to metals. They are not hydrolyzed by water, alkalies or acids. The viscous liquids and the resins will not support combustion when heated alone. The crystalline Aroclors are relatively insol uble, but the liquid and resinous products are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclors are insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. and Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols. Aroclor 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. The excellent electrical properties, fire resistance and inertness of the Aroclors make them useful in many applications. The properties imparted by the Aroclors and their usefulness for particular applica tions vary in regular gradients over the series so that the selection of the right Aroclor for a specific use can generally be made simply by a comparison of the physi cal properties of the several Aroclors. 3 DSW 434666 STLCOPCB4087725 ** 11,4 ' * ' i * * i- r.-T- *. ;.v ;'i ..Jtj- i.vL&jr: A.i .. i- TABU GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Form...................................................................... Aroclor 1221 Colorless mobile oil Color................................................................ .... 50 Max. (APHA) Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Arcolor 1248 Practically Practically Yellow tinted colorless mobile colorless mobile mobile oil oil oil 60 Max. 100 Max. 100 Max. (APHA) (APHA) (APHA) Aroclor 1254 Light yellow viscous oil 150 Max. (APHA) Acidity--Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gm.).. 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Average Coefficient of Expansion......................................... cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity 25/25C (77/77F).......... Pounds per Gallon--25C (77F).................. 0.00071 (15-40C) 1.182 9.85 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.266 10.55 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.380 11.50 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.445 12.04 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.538 12.82 Distillation Range--ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C........ .................................................... 275-320 Evaporation Loss--%--ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C....................................................... 5 lirs. -- 100C....................................................... 6 hrs. 1.0 to 1.5 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 325-360 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 Flash Point--Cleveland Open Cup.......... C 141-150 F 286-302 152-154 305-310 176-180 348-356 193-196 379-384 None Fire Point--Cleveland Open Cup..............C 176 F 349 Pour Point--ASTM D-97........................ C F Softening Point--ASTM E-28..................C Crystals at 1C Crystals at 34F -- F -- Refractive Index--D-line--20C.................. 1.617-1.618 Viscosity--Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) Sec. (ASTM--D-88) 13o0pi ^54 4oq 100F (37.8C) 30-31 35-37 40-42 238 460 -35.5 -32 -- -- 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 47-50 None* -19 2 -- -- 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 80-93 None --7 19.4 -- -- 1.630-1.631 36-37 69-78 185-240 None 10 50 -- -- 1.639-1.641 44--48 260-340 1800-2500 *NONE indicates--"No fire point up to boiling temperature" 4 DSW 434667 STLCOPCB4087726 V: V * * -V u *. ki v "i I- * *,-`m Xi'r J-.- A. :' - j : *l .Jt i. a -Jf .. .. i SW .i?' Ji.l [of some of the aroclors i ' Aroclor 1260 Light yellow soft sticky resin 150 Max. (APHA) 0.015 Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 150 Max. (APHA) 0.02 Aroclor 1268 White opaque resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 Aroclor 4465 Yellow trans parent brittle resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.05 Aroclor 5442 Yellow transparent sticky resin 1.5 Max. NPA 0.05 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.620 13.50 0.00064 (25-65C) 1.646 13.72 0.00067 (20-100C) 1.810 15.09 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 13.91 0.00123 (25-99C) 1.470 12.24 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 None None 31 88 -- i | 1.647-1.649 * 72-78 3200-4500 400-430 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 37 99 -- -- 1.6501-1.6517 90-103 600-850 (160F or 71C) 435-450 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 None None -- -- 135 to 160 (hold pt.) 275 to 320 (hold pt.) -- -- ---- 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0,2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None -- -- 60 to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266F or 130C) -- 215-300 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477 >350 >662 46 115 50 to 61 113 to 122 -- 300-400 Aroclor 5460 Yellow trans parent resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0,07 Aroclor 2565 Brown-black opaque resin --' 1.4 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 13.91 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 14.44 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260--5 bra.) None -- 0.2 to 0.3 -- None None -- -- 100 to 105.5 212 to 222 1.660-1.665 -- None -- -- 66 to 72 149 to 162 -- -- 5 DSW 434668 STLCOPCB4087727 . x-* - * *- ->. L H , -M " * * 4 "Vw t ) if _ ... J s. . TABLE 11--Resistance of Structural Materials to Aroclors Metals 1248 25C 125C Aluminum...................................................... ................... Copper.............................. ................................................... Magnesium......................................................................... Nickel................................................................................... Silver..................................................................................... Mild Steel............................................................................ Phosphor Bronze.............................................................. Red Brass............................................................................ Stainless Steel (Type 316)............................................. Yellow Brass...................................................................... R R RR RR R R R RR R D RR R Plastics Alkyd Resin No. 46594-12............................................ Alkyd Resin No. 46594-13A......................................... Cellulose Acetate (Fibestos)......................................... Durite Phenol Furfural Resin..................................... Formvar Highly Plasticized......................................... Formvar Low Plasticized..................................... Glyptal 1276....................................................................... Glyptal 7136...................................................................... Maleic Resin No. 46594-13B....................................... Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C....................................... Plexiglas (Methyl Methacrylate)............................... Polystyrene (Lustron B)............................................... Resinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin................. Resinox Wood Flour Filled Melamine ReBin......... Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.... Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.............. Urea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)................ *P *D D *D De PS R *D P P *D P *D *D *D *D *D *D R D R R R R R R D D RR Re P P P P T T P T P P P T *P P D P D P Aroclor Number 1254 25C 125C RR RD RR R RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RD RR RR R De *P *D D *R Pe PS D *R *P *R *D P *R *R *D *D *D *D P P P P T T P T P P P T R D D *R *D *P 4465 125C *RR D RR RR R R R R R R RR Re P P P D T T P T P P P T *P R R D *D P 5460 125C RR D *RR R R R RR RR R De RR Be P P P P T T P T P P P T *D P P P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: *--Based on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown. RR--Excellent resistance--less than 1.0 x 10-s cm/day penetration or .00014 in/yr. R--Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10-6 and 10 x 10-6 cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. D--Doubtful resistance, penetration between 10 x 10-6 cm/day and 100 x 10-6 cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. P--Poor resistance--penetration greater than 100 x 10-6 cm/day or 0.014 in/yr. PS--Poor resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance, e--Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. T--Material alone will not stand temperature. DSW 434669 STLCOPCB4087728 *. i ..A. ,, x _ *, d I .j* _ / *=<_ Mi L t fci '- ' :v t 1 '.'^k .*. i .# -- A. .v' . `i ,-i i a'-ld* -* :-* -A -> ADHESIVENESS The Aroclor resins ahdere strongly to smooth surfaces, such as glass, metal and varnished or lacquered coatings. The softer Aroclors are indicated where a flexible, non-drying, wrater-resistant strongly adhesive ma terial is required. The Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic; are readily applied hot without solvent; do not require high temperatures for easy application, and are set immediately upon cooling. SPECIFIC VOLUME The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Aroclor 1248 Specific Volume ml/gm 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 . 0.870 FIG. 1 AVERAGE COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION, AROCLOR 1248 The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F. within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was deter mined by using the simple formula Yt = Vt1 [1+a (t - ti)]. The coefficient, a, has been calcu lated at 100F increments, as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/ F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 CORROSION The Aroclors show practically no corrosive effect on metals within normal ranges of temperature. They do attack many plastics materials of con struction as shown in Table II. 7 DSW 434670 STLCOPCB4087729 >' * *' V *. ; iWVul/A FIG DIELECTRIC CONSTANT @ 1000 CYCLES 8 DSW 434671 s STLCOPCB4087730 ** - r *.#*!* '?i# DENSITY All the Aroclors are heavier than water, a valuable property for many applications. Densities are shown in Figure 1. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES The Aroclors have extremely interesting electri cal characteristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric con stant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C. and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. The dielectric constants of Aroclors 1242 and 1254 at various temperatures are shown graphically in Figure 2. The electrical properties of the Aroclors are shown in Table III. NON-DRYING PROPERTIES The Aroclors are non-drying, and when they are exposed to the air, even in thin films, no notice able oxidation or hardening takes place. How ever, when used as ingredients of lacquers, they do not retard the rate of drying of the lacquer films. Quick drying varnishes and paints may be made with Aroclor resins. NONFLAMMABILITY The viscous Aroclor oils and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points -- temperatures above 350C Most of the Aroclors flux readily with resinous and pitch-like materials to give a product hav ing a decreased fire hazard. When incorporated in nitrocellulose films and rubber foams the Aroclors retard the rate of burning. SOLUBILITY All Aroclors are insoluble in water. Solubilities of some of the Aroclors in the more common sub stances are shown in Table VI. The Aroclor oils and resins are readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline materials are in general less soluble than the Aroclor oils or softer resins. Compatibility data on Aroclors in nitrocellulose lacquers are shown on page 18. SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY The specific heat at different temperatures of several of the Aroclors is shown in Figure 3. This, together with the thermal conductivity data given in Table IV, enable calculations involved in the use of Aroclors as high-temperature, low pressure, fluid heat-transfer media. TABLE /// -- Electrical Properties Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (1) Aroclor 25C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm--cm at 100C, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 1268 5442 5454 5460 4465 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.3 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.7 4.6 4.9 Above 500xl09 Greater than 35KV 4.6 Above 500xl09 Greater than 35KV 4.3 Above 500x10 Greater than 35K.V 3.7 Above 500x10s Greater than 35KV -- 4.9 Above 500x10s 4.2 3.7 3.3 (1) ASTM D-150-47T (2) ASTM D-257-46 (3) ASTM D-149-44 (4) ASTM D-150-47T Power Factor (4) 100C, 1,000 Cycles <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% DSW 434672 STLCOPCB4087731 *' * i k > v CALORIES ( 1 5 * 0 PER GRAM PER #C FIG. 3 HEAT CAPACITY OF AROCLORS a? various femosratvres Table IV Thermal Conductivity of Arodor 1248 Temperature BTU./Hr./Sq. Ft./ Calories, gram/Sec./ C. F,F./Ft,Sq.Cm./C./Cm. 30 90 60 140 0.0680 0.0687 281 x10~6 284 x10~6 100 212 0.0697 288 x10~6 STABILITY Toward Alkalies The Aroclors are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high tem perature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids Experiments were made to determine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved during the treat ment of Aroclors with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal vol ume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pas6 through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which solution would give a pre cipitate of silver chloride if any HC1 came in con tact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treat ing flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated only a slight trace (loo 6mall for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride in the acid layer. Toward Heat Because of their stability to heat, the Aroclors are useful heat-transfer media. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated at temperatures up to 315C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and are at the same time nonflammable. Toward Oxidation When Aroclors are subjected to a bomb test at 140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch oxygen, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. SURFACE TENSION The surface tension of Aroclor 1254 in dynes per centimeter is as follows: Temperature Surface Tension--dynes/cm. 25C 80C 100C 50.3 44.0 42.0 THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclors are permanently thermoplastic. They apparently' undergo no condensation or harden ing upon repeated melting and cooling. The clear Aroclor resins are now being produced with soft ening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline solids are produced with initial melting points up to approximately 290C. 10 DSW 434673 STLCOPCB4087732 i *. Ia - MJ TABLE VI--Solubility of Arodors in 100 Milliliters of Various Solvents Aroclor Type of Solvent 1242 25C Hot 1248 25C Hot 1254 25C Hot 1270 Cold Hot Acid Acetic Acid......... ................. Oleic Acid............................. Benzoic Acid..................... .. S s 10.0 31c s s -- 10.0 32c -- Ss ss __ ---- Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde............... Furfural..................................... I VS T VS II VS vs II VS vs I1 SS SS Amine Aniline......................................... S S Pyridine....................................... 132.5 3'c 440 s 114 3ic 425stooc -_ -- _ --: Chloro--derivatives Amyl chlorides--mixed Carbon Tetrachloride. Chloroform.................... Dichlorethylene.......................... Ethylene Dichloride.................. Monochlorohenzene................... Orthodichlorobenzene Tetrachlorethane.... Trichlorethane............ Trichlorethylene...................... s s s -- S S s s S S s S s s s sS sS _s _S sS s _s ss ss ss _ . __ 3--.7 -- -- 3.0 -- ---- 2--.9 -- -- ---- 3.3 -- ---- Drying Oil Tung Oil.................................... Linseed Oil................................ S S s s __ s s ---- Ester Amyl Acetate........................... Butyl Acetate.......................... Cellosolve Acetate...................... Cottonseed Oil............................. Dibutyl Phthalate...................... Diethyl Phthalate...................... Ethyl Acetate... ......................... Ethyl Lactate............................... Ethylene Glycol Diacetate.. Methyl Acetate........................... Tricresyl Phosphate............... Ether: Ethyl Ether.................... S S S S S S S S S S S S s S s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s' s __ -- -- .---- ---- ---- ---- -- -- ' ---- --' -- ---- ---- ss Ss Ether Alcohol Carbitol...................................... 224 *''c 307 mc Cellosolve............................. Ss vs vs ss 173 2f'"c. 259 98c sS __ ---- Diethylene Glycol...................... -- p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether. 16.9 2I'<: ] 9 99C ss ss 8 joc 10 iooc ---- Hydrocarbon Benzene...................................... VS Gasoline..................................... VS Kerosene.................................... VS Mineral Spirits......................... VS Paraffin...................................... 2.0 2TMc Pine Oil.......................................... S Toluene...................................... VS Turpentine................................ VS Xylene........................................... VS VS vs vs vs s s vs vs vs vs vs vs vs 2.0 28C vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs VS VS vs VS vs VS v_s VS s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs 3--.5 _ -- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -- -- ---- Hydroxy--derivatives Amvl Alcohol.............................. S n-Butyl Alcohol........................... S Ethyl Alcohol (3-A) .................23.3 c Glycerine........................................ I Methvl Alcohol....................... 42.5 2*^ Phenol--90%..............................194 -wc s s 80.0 TMc I 88.5 S s s 10 22c 15 2I6C SS s s 28 25c I 22.2 *5c s _ '_ ---- ---- TT ---- ---- Ketone Acetone........................................... S ss ---- Miscellaneous Carbon Disulfide......................... Nitrobenzene................................ Water.............................................. S S 1 s s T IT sS ss _.. _ ---- 1I II I -- Insoluble S -- Soluble ss- Slishllv Soluble VS -- Verv Soluble Figures show grams of Aroclor per 100 milliliters of solvent at 25 C unless otherwise indicated. 4465 Cold Hot ss s s vs II vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s vs s vs s vs s vs vs vs vs vs ss ss s s-- ss -- sc -- ss -- vs' vs vs vs vs vs vs vs <5.0 s ss vs vs vs vs vs vs ss ss s ss -- 1I ss -- ss ss vs vs vs -- II 5460 25C ,_ -- -- _ _ 1--56 ---- -- -- -- -- -- _ -- _ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- 143 -- -- -- -- -142 -- 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- 260 -- -- -- 11 DSW 434674 STLCOPCB4087733 i .*./ . FIG. 4 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 $s TO 100 90 mTVO 80 iinn 70 60 c TmO 50 3 3 40 Zm TO O 30 c. TO< 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 12 DSW 434675 STLCOPCB4087734 *- V ' V >4 > O r,t >,; * L< /. _ ? *> *> '] ji FIG. 5 VAPORIZATION LOSS The low vaporization loss of Aroclors is indicated in the following Table VII. It is concluded that the vaporization rates of Aroclors--especially 1254 and 1260 which are the most widely used members of the Aroclor family in the plasticizer field, compare most favorably with the similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. VAPOR PRESSURES The vapor pressures of several Aroclors are indi cated in Figure 4 over the temperature range, 150 to 300C. The following estimated vapor pressures of several Aroclors at 100F shown in Table VIII were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 4. 13 DSW 434676 STLCOPCB4087735 J t4> t A. -i i j TABLE VII Vaporization Rates Sample Aroclor 1221................................ ................................ Aroclor 1232................................ . .............................. Aroclor 1242........................... .... ......................... .. Aroclor 1248................................ ................................ CIorafin-42-S............................... ......... ...................... DOP (dioctvl phthalate).... ......................... . . . Dutrex 25..................................... ................................ Aroclor 1254................................ ................................ Dutrex 20..................................... ........... .................... Aroclor 1262................................ ................................ Aroclor 1260................................ ........................... .. . Aroclor 4465................................ ................................ Aroclor 1270................................ ................................ Aroclor 5442................................ ......... ...................... Aroclor 5460................................ ................................ Tricresyl phosphate.................. ................................ Wt. Loss Gins. 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 Hours Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24. 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm2 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vaporization Kate pms. /cm.2hr./100C 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 TABLE VIII Approximate Vapor Pressures Calculated at 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232...................................0.005 Aroclor 1242...................................0.001 Aroclor 1248...................................0.00037 Aroclor 1254...................................0.00006 mm. Hg. mm. Hg. mm. Hg. mm. Hg. DSW 434677 14 STLCOPCB4087736 1* i APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES Liquid and resinous Aroclors are noted commer cially in the adhesives field for their usefulness in preparing synthetic adhesives and as additives in protective coatings to improve adhesion. This quality of the Aroclors is related to their plasti cizing action on the plastics materials commonly used in adhesives and coatings. Interesting examples are the use of Aroclors in adhesives and coatings based on polystyrene, vinyl polymers, cthyleellulose, chlorinated rubber and other plastics materials, usually polymers. Arodor adhesives are thermoplastic and can he prepared, either with or without solvents. ITotmelt Aroclor adhesives do not require high tem peratures for easy application and are set immedi ately upon cooling. Aroclors strongly resist attack by water, acids, alkalies, and other common corrosive influences as well as organisms. By proper selection of materials, adhesives utilizing Aroclors can be made to possess outstanding resistance against all of these destructive influences. The most widely used Aroclors in the adhesives field are 1254, 1260, 4465 and 5460. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Because of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength and low pow7er factor, the liquid and resinous Aroclors are extremely useful materials for the electrical industry. Aroclors are used to impregnate capacitors or condensers and transformers. Since the liquid Aroclors will absorb sufficient moisture from the atmosphere to impair the electrical characteristics, it is customary to treat Aroclor intended for this application before use with a dehydrating clay. An effective product for this purpose is Attapulgus clay 80/300 mesh dried for 4 hours at 400C. and used at the rate of 0.125% based on the weight of Aroclor, followed by filtration. Treatment is improved if the Aroclor is heated to 80-85C. Another important use of Aroclors in the electrical field is the use of Aroclors 1260, 4465 and 5460 in wire or cable coatings and as itnpregnants for cotton and asbestos braided insulation. Aroclor 5460 is useful as an impregnant for carbon radio resistors to reduce the influence of moisture. EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability under variations in temperature and freedom from gum formation from oxidation, the Aroclors are useful as expand ing media in bellows controls and in thermostats. HYDRAULIC MEDIUM Power Transmission The Aroclors are superior hydraulic media for power transmission. Because of their greater den sity and E. P. characteristics they approach more closely the theoretical transmission values for mechanical power as illustrated in Figure 6. This greater efficiency makes possible a reduction in the size of the hydraulic coupling design. In order to meet extremely low-temperature - weather conditions, it is necessary to adjust the freezing point of the Aroclor selected by the addi tion of a pour point depressant. Suitable adjust ments can be made in the composition to reach a pour point of minus 65F. The steepness of the viscosity-temperature curve of the Aroclors is a handicap to the application of Aroclors to many types of fluid transmission. This curve can be flattened to a marked degree by introduction of a viscosity-index corrector. By proper choice of viscosity modifiers and pour point depressants, the viscosity-temperature curve can be made to coincide with any standard hydro carbon oil viscosity curve. Information will be gladly furnished. Hydraulic Pressure Medium Use of D.T. Light Oil (mineral base) or other flammable oils as hydraulic media in the operation of pressurized systems in the vicinity of open flames or metallic surfaces heated to elevated temperatures has resulted in substantial properly damage and also serious burns including loss of 15 DSW 434678 STLCOPCB4087737 m <". -j. life as a result of fire. Zinc and aluminum alloy die-casting machines and hydraulic mechanisms used to operate doors and other equipment around industrial furnaces are excellent examples of operations where it is prudent to use a noncumbustible hydraulic medium for safety reasons. Some of these systems operate under pressures as high as 2000 pounds per square inch. When a line ruptures under these conditions, the hydraulic medium is emitted in the form of a spray or a fine mist over a wide area. Such a mist presents un usual requirements with reference to the non combustible qualities of the hydraulic medium. For safety under these conditions, it is essential that the oil must have a relatively high oxygen requirement in order not to support combustion when impinged on a hot metal surface or when in contact with fire. Ability to fulfill thi6 requirement is not adequately reflected merely by the factors that an oil does not possess a flash point, and a fire point in conjunction with a high spontaneous ignition temperature. Spray flammability to a large degree seems to be a separate consideration. Tests conducted by the Navy indicated that high boiling liquids requiring more than approximately 45 percent oxygen in the spray flammability tests failed to cause a fire in the incendiary firing tests also conducted by the Navy. The percent of oxygen requirement for Arocior 1248 combustion in the spray flammability limit study was established at 64 percent. This result firmly establishes the nonflammable and noncombustible qualities of Arocior 1248 and in this respect strongly recommends Arocior 1248 as an unusually safe hydraulic medium. Other desirable qualities of Arocior 1248 for this specific use are its extremely high order of stability under heating and pressure, lubricating qualities, noncorrosiveness, moisture resistance and relative freedom from odor. Arocior 1248 is used commercially in centralized zinc and aluminum die casting systems. Such installations may involve operation with as much as 2000 gallons of Arocior 1248 distributed to about 15 die-casting machines. Under proper operating conditions the Arocior make-up in the system is very low. Normal operating tempera- tures of the hydraulic medium may be in the range of 70 to 120F. Centralized systems utilize piBton-type pumps and an accumulator is used for smooth operation. In some instances, Arocior 1248 is used in combi nation with a high lubricity oil in the proportions of 20 gallons of Arocior and not more than one gallon of the oil. The hydraulic medium is kept clean and free of suspended particles by passage through a centrifugal or by filtering it through a properly prepared bed of Attapulgus earth. Arocior 1248 is also used in individual or unit die casting systems usually equipped with vane-tvpe pumps. Frequently these individual die-casting machines have built-in filters. However, if the machine is not already provided with a filter, either a portable or permanent filter should be provided in order to keep the hydraulic medium clean. Liquid Heating Medium Aroclors 1242, 1248 and 1254 are used as a circulating heating medium with great success. Good circulation and a well designed heating sys tem are necessary to prevent local overheating of the Arocior heating medium. Arocior 1248 is rec- 16 DSW 434679 STLCOPCB4087738 ;; 1 * * - ' -' * * ' *f* - ' - v * * a ' > i- vi>s k * *i .* i.* , v -^ :*.*:, .-. 4 TVi At onimended for universal use up to 315C (600F) because of its fluidity at low temperatures and its nonflammability. In processes where a cooling cycle must also be introduced, provision can be easily made for shunt ing circulating Aroclor through a water cooled heat exchanger, thus employing one medium for both heating and cooling. In special cases, Aroclors 1242 and 1254 can be substituted for the Aroclor 1248. If extremely low outside temperatures are encountered, the less vis cous Aroclor 1242 can he used, but it has the disad vantage of being flammable above 330C (626F). Higher temperatures up to 325C (617F) can be attained in the heating medium if Aroclor 1254 is used. Provision can easily be made for warm ing the Aroclor after a shut-down so that it can be pumped. Design for a simple, effective liquid Aroclor heat ing system for small unit operations is available and described in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-130. LUBRICATION Air Compressors The presence of oil, oil vapors or mixtures of oxygen and oil fractions in the discharge lines and receivers of air compressors presents a constant hazard which needs only a particle of hot carbon to create a serious explosion. This problem has been solved by engineers of one large user of this type equipment by employing Aroclor 1254 as the internal lubricant for high compression air compressors. Their experience with more than 15 high-pressure compressors of various types is reported in the American Machinists Magazine, September 28, 1944. This use of Aroclors is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. P-128. Cutting Oils Aroclors are used commercially in high quality cutting oils of the "straight" oil and "soluble" oil types. High Temperature The heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroclors make them attractive as lubricants under conditions of high temperature, as, for ex ample, in governor systems of central power sta tions. Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this application. Straight Aroclor 1254 gave excellent results on a roller bearing test operating at 255-260F wilh much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. Extreme Pressure It is a well accepted hypothesis in the lubrication industry that by the addition of certaiu elements such as chlorine, sulfur and others in the proper form to a lubricating oil, a certain chemical com bination takes place with the iron or steel inetal bearing surfaces. These surface compositions lend to prevent seizure of the rubbing surfaces under extreme loads and under which loads, if the sole lubricant were a pure mineral oil, seizure or scor ing would result at once through film failure. As an extreme pressure (E. P.) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in ainouuLs up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclors 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carry ing properties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These Aroclors repre sent one of the more adequate carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. Stability. They are 6table, even at higher temperatures, which permits neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation and should not cause continued chem ical action On metal parts except the particular chemical metal surface combination which is nec essary to effect high load-carrying capacities. 2. Non-volatile. Many other types of chlorine bearing compounds are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service because of the escape of the elements from the lubricant. The Aroclors are non-volatile at normal temperatures. 17 DSW 434680 r STLCOPCB4087739 x **, v u \J* ////*; -5 i 3. Non-oxidizing. Aroclors do not oxidize or thicken up to an objectionable degree. 4. Non-corrosive. Aroclors are non-corrosive toward metal surfaces. 5. Non-abrasive. Aroclors exert no abrasion on the machined surfaces. 6. Non-hydrolysis. Aroclors do not hydrolyze in the presence of water, thus avoiding the genera tion of hydrochloric acid. 7. Compatibility. Aroclors are completely misci ble with mineral oils. 8. Color. Aroclors do not darken or change the color of the lubricating oil. Submerged Lubrication Under conditions of lubrication subjected to expo sure to water displacement such, for example, as lubrication of bridge rollers, a heavier-thanwater lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aroclor and oil, of which the following are typical examples: Mix No. .--% by Wt.--. Aroclor Oil* 1248 Pour Point Gravity at 15.5C 1 50 50 0F 1.1263 2 25 75 +5F 1.2703 *Bright Stock: Gravity API 22-23 Approx. lbs./gal. 9.4 10.6 Viscosity 210 F--160 Say bolt Secs. Color ASTM--7-8 Flash Point--545F Pour Point--15F GASKETS AND PACKING MATERIALS Particularly in the use of Aroclors at elevated temperatures, as encountered in Aroclor heattransfer installations, and to a lesser extent in the use of Aroclors as hydraulic media careful selec tion of gasket and packing materials is required. Hot Aroclors plasticize and swell "rubber" materials including Hycar P, Koroseal, Perbunan and Neoprene. Although materials of this type are used as gaskets in certain Aroclor installa tions, careful consideration must be given them in light of expected operating condition to assure that satisfactory performance will be obtained. Thiokol is not attacked by Aroclors at ordinary temperatures but cannot be recommended for use with Aroclors at elevated temperatures. This is apparent from the following temperature ranges indicating the maximum temperature beyond which various types of Thiokol are not stable: Thiokol Type A........... .150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type FA...........150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type ST........... 250 to 300F. max. Resistoflex, polyvinyl alcohol, resists attack by Aroclors but since this polymer is soluble in water, its consideration for practical use involves drastic limitations where water or moisture must be considered. Silastic (Dow Coming's Silicone 180) is remark ably resistant to deterioration from contact with hot Aroclors and is suggested for gaskets. The following changes in physical properties were noted when Silastic was immersed in Aroclor for seventy hours at 150C. 1. Hardness wTas lowered about 20 points. 2. Elasticity was improved several points. 3. Practically no change in tensile strength. 4. An appreciable increase in the ultimate elongation. Teflon (duPont's poly tetra fluoroethylene) is not attacked by hot Aroclor (130C.) and is to be recommended as a gasket material. So far attempts to make Teflon diaphragms for valves have not been very successful in some cases because the Teflon seems to lack the desired flexibility. It is indicated that leather gaskets and leather packing compositions are satisfactory for use with Aroclors. Frequently, thin sheets of aluminum are used satisfactorily as gaskets at flanged joints. Garlock Packing Company's No. 7021, J/g inch asbestos fiber sheet is used at the flange connec tions in several of Monsanto's Aroclor heatexchange units. Garlock's braided No. 117 packing is used in the valves and Garlock's No. 234 ma terial is used for packing the Aroclor pumps. Also, Durametallic Corporation's Type B-7 Dura Plastic is used as packing for Aroclor pumps. It is also understood that Garlock No. 431 and Chevron No. 7050-C materials are satisfactory as 18 DSW 434681 STLCOPCB4087740 packing. Likewise Durametallic's Spiral Asbestos Fiber may be used. Doubtless, Johns-Manville and others have comparable packing materials which would be suitable. The following materials are being used satisfac torily as pipe thread compounds in Aroclor units: 1. Plastic Lead Seal, Durametallic Corporation. 2. Ordinary white lead. 3. Glyptal No. 2, General Electric Company. DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Skin patch tests with a polyvinylchloride free film plasticized with 11.5 percent by weight of Aroclor 1254 (about 25 per cent based on the weight of the vinyl resin) and a similar amount of dioctyl phtlialate showed that this film was not a pri mary irritant or a sensitizer. Also, skin patch tests on Aroclor 1254 alone applied to gauze and placed in contact with the skin showed no primary irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the Aroclor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17 percent by wreight of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately seven percent by weight of Aroclor 5460 showed that this painted fabric did not produce primary irritancy or sen sitization of the skin. If Aroclors are spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual manner with soap solu tions. If accidental burns occur from contact with hot Aroclors, the burn should be treated the same as any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately unless treatment of the burn demands it, in which case use soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil. At ordinary temperatures Aroclors have not pre sented industrial toxicological problems. If Aroclors are used at elevated temperatures such as 200or 300 C. in open systems, methods must be designed to exhaust any vapors arising from these open systems. This applies especially to lower chlorinated Aroclors where experimental work on animals indicates that the maximum safe concentration of vapors in workrooms is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligrams per cubic meter of air. In the case of more highly chlorinated Aroclors such as Aroclor 1268, the allow'able limit is about 10 milligrams per cubic meter of air and accord ingly, Aroclors of this type are believed to be of a much lower order of toxicity. Where Aroclor vapors may be encountered in workrooms, local exhaust ventilation together with gOeneral workroom exhaust is recommended. I 19 DSW 434682 STLCOPCB4087741  5-"S fc k ti ' 1\ i .* */*k. 'XL* 1 ____ i j*.\. &* ^lAt SUGGESTED USES FOR AROCLORS m PLASTICS, PIGMENTS, LACQUERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES and WAXES Tbe Aroclors are compatible with most of the common plastics materials (see compatibility table on this page). The degree of flexibility imparted by the Aroclors diminishes progressively in the order of liquid Aroclor -- soft resin -- hard resin. The hardness of the resulting compositions increases in the same order. Usually a satisfactory balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selecting the Aroclor of proper physical characteristics or by using a mixture of two or more Aroclors. Compatibility With Various Materials Asphalt..................................................................... C Benzyl Cellulose............................................. C CarnaubaWax....................................................... C Cellulose Acetate.................................................. I Cellulose Aceto Butyrate................................... C Chlorinated Rubber............................................. G Coumarone and Indene Resins....................... C Dammar Resin...................................................... C Ester Gum............................................................... C Ethyl Cellulose................................................ C Manila Gum........................................................... I Nitrocellulose....................................................... C Paraffin..................................................................... C Phenolic Resins...................................................Varies.* Polystyrene Resins............................................... Polyiso-Butylene............................................ C C Rosin......................................................................... C Rubber.................................................... Sulfur........................................................................ C Styrene-Butadiene Co-polymers..................... C Vinyl Resins........................................................ C C -- Indicates compatibility to a degree sufficient to be of value. I -- Indicates incompatibility. * Not compatible in final stage. ETHYL CELLULOSE The Aroclors are very compatible with ethyl cel lulose, the liquids imparting great flexibility and the resinous products great hardness. 75 parts by weight of Aroclor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces great flexibility and just a slight tackiness. Aroclor 5460 in the same propor tion produces a very hard and somewhat brittle composition. Aroclor 4465 produces hard films which are not brittle at ordinary temperature. For coatings of high gloss and exceptional weath ering qualities to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are suggested. If greater flexibility is required, one of the softer Aroclors should be used, either alone or as a replacement for part of the Aroclor 5460 and the proportion of Aroclor should be decreased. A typical formula is as follows: Ethyl Cellulose............. ............................... Aroclor 1260................................................... Toluene..................................................... Butanol............................................................ 15% 15% 56% 14% GRAPHIC ARTS 100% TChe Aroclors are used as vehicles for carrying pigments employed in glass decoration. When the decorations have been applied and the glass is fired, the Aroclors volatilize without carboniza tion and thus avoid discoloration of the glass. Aroclors 1254 and 4465 are used. Aroclor 4465 is a useful resin for compounding rotogravure inks. 20 DSW 434683 STLCOPCB4087742 * "' ^ ' i*v t f * 1 /# ^ /#Jr.:J. A ?jr *, ,.- i. ^A\itlf,.4-A'Ji.l A mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper eontains the following ingredients: Aroclor 4465.............................................. 40% Lubricating Oil (SUV 1200 @ 100F).. 35% Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 @ 100F).............. 20% Carbon Black.............................. 4% Oil Soluble Dye.......................................... 1% Aroclor 4465 may also be used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. A thin coating of the Aroclor is applied hot to one side of paper. While it is still hot, bronze powder is spread upon the coating. The bronze powder adheres to the Aroclor completely covering the paper. This product is used in making the "gold leaf" letters on books, etc. The paper treated with Aroclor and bronze powder is placed upon the hook binding. A hot die is pressed upon it. The Aroclor softens and sticks the bronze to the binding and forms a coat ing over it to protect it from tarnishing. IMPREGNATION The Aroclors may be used to impregnate cloth, paper, wood or asbestos in order to impart mois ture and gas resistance, adhesion, insulating prop erties, alkali or other chemical resistance, flame resistance, or lubricating qualities. For this type of work they are used in combinations with other materials such as waxes, inorganic pigments, asphalt, tars, aluminum stearate, sulphur, etc., in order to obtain exactly the physical character istics desired for the specific purpose. Aroclors 1254, 4465 and 5460, or the corresponding darkcolored products, are suggested as most applicable. Wood impregnated by vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Aroclor 4465............ 70% Microcrystalline Wax........................... 20% Sulfur.......................................................... 10% is definitely tougher, harder and more moisture resistant than untreated wood. This coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies but will be attacked by aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The surface is not appreciably dis colored and can be painted. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion can be obtained by vary ing the Aroclor: wax: sulfur ratio. MOISTURE PROOFING For use as moisture proof coatings on wood, paper, concrete and brick, the Aroclors are best com bined with tvaxes, especially paraffin or carnauba, oils such as mineral oil or drying oils, and syn thetic resins including modified alkyds, phenolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrene-buta diene co-polymers, ethylcellulose, cellulose aceto butyrate, benzyl cellulose or vinyl resins. Selec tion of materials for use in combination with Aroclors will depend on the end use requirements of the specific application. The simplest compositions contain only Aroclor and paraffin. A moisture proofing compound com posed of 96% (by weight) of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin (melting point 54C) has an ASTM soft ening point of about 82 C and is very efficient. Substituting Aroclor 4465 for Aroclor 5460 pro duces a compound with a softening point of about 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted may be further decreased by using mixtures of Aroclors. For example, a composition containing 40% of Aroclor 1260, 56% of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin will be very soft at ordinary temperatures. Increased proportions of paraffin will also pro duce softer compounds. PIGMENT Aroclor 1270 is a hard, white crystalline product of high melting point, insoluble in most solvents, resistant to chemicals and to oxidation. When ground to a fine powder it makes an excellent organic pigment for use with the various plastics. It may be used alone or with conventional pigments. PAINTS AND VARNISHES The Aroclors are soluble in paint and varnish oils and impart properties corresponding to the phys ical character of the particular Aroclor. The hard resinous Aroclors tend to give increased hardness to the films while the viscous resins impart flexibilily 21 DSW 434684 f Ii i i li STLCOPCB4087743 V4 The Aroclors do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They are best added as a ''chill back" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. As far as incorporation of the Aroclors is con cerned, the only reason for heating is to make the Aroclors liquid so that they can be readily mixed with the oils. Aroclors 4465 and 5460 will produce paints that are very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. The weight of Aroclor used should be from 30% to 50% of the weight of the oils. Aroclor 1260 is best for short oil varnishes that are required at the same time to be flexible. The Aroclor may be considered to play the same role as oil, with the difference that it does not oxidize and lose it6 flexibility on exposure. Resins of the alkyd, phenolic or ester gum type, or a harder Aroclor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. It is suggested that for two parts by weight of oil, one part of Aroclor 1260 and one part of other resin be used. These pro portions can be varied as required. The Aroclors impart water and alkali resistance and in these qualities enhance the value of the other resins used in the varnish. Aroclors are excellent grinding and dispersing media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form which can be incorporated easily into paints and varnishes. The Aroclor imparts excellent leafing qualities, brightness or luster and does not tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreover, the composition does not support com bustion. RUBBER AND RUBBER SUBSTITUTES The liquid Aroclors, 1221, 1232, 1242 and 1248 have a strong plasticizing action on rubber, both natural and synthetic. Aroclors 1254 and 1260 are milled into rubber in order to impart perma nent tackiness and adhesion. A small amount of Aroclor 1260 added to hard rubber acts as a plasticizer and reduces the brittleness. Aroclor 1270, being a hard crystalline material of high melting point, can be ground to a powder and then milled into rubber. The milling tem- perature being below the melting point of the Aroclor, the latter is dispersed through the mass of rubber and acts as an efficient flame reducer. This same procedure can be used with synthetic rubbers to impart fireproofness. From 5% to 25% of Aroclor 1270 based on the weight of the resin is required. Aroclor 1262 is recommended as a plasticizer for crepe rubber resin in paint compositions. Used in concentrations of 5% to 50%, based on the weight of the rubber resin, it increases the gloss and alkali resistance of the film and increases its ad hesiveness toward steel. Aroclor 1268 used at a level of about three pounds per 200 pounds of Neoprene has excellent working qualities as a plasticizer at 225-325F. in injec tion moldings. MODIFIED RUBBER FINISHES Chlorinated rubber (Parlon) and copolymers of styrene-butadiene (Pliolite S-5) are used widely as protective and decorative coatings for concrete and masonry structures, steel structures, railway tank and gondola cars, wood and metal maritime equipment. Aroclor 1254 is used as a plasticizer and Aroclor 5460 is used as a resin fortifier in these coatings which are used where flame resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, i.e., resistance to acids, alkalies and water and good electrical insu lating properties are required. The use of Aroclors in making these protective coatings is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. P-124, "Aroclors as Used in Chlorinated Rubber," and Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-126, "Aroclors as Used in Pliolite S-5." VINYL RESINS The Aroclors are compatible with all the vinyl resins and are used mainly as co-plasticizers with tricresyl phosphate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and other plasticizers for vinyls to im part good plasticizing action, chemical and corro sion resistance and excellent electrical properties at a substantial reduction in cost. This use of Aroclors is described in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-131, "Aroclors as Co Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride" and Technical Bulletin No. P-134, "Aroclor 1254 Co-Plasticizer with DOP for Vinyl Organosols and Pastes." 22 DSW 434685 STLCOPCB4087744 m **-.'* <, * >i - i..t Other Literature on Aroclor Applications Monsanto Technical Bulletin O-P-115 THE AROCLORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-124 AROCLORS AS USED IN CHLORINATED RUBBER Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-126 AROCLORS AS USED IN PLIOLITE S-5 Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-128 AROCLOR -- INCOMBUSTIBLE LUBRICANTS USED IN HIGHPRESSURE COMPRESSORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-130 AN INDIRECT AROCLOR HEATER FOR UNIT CHEMICAL OPERATIONS Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-131 AROCLORS AS CO-PLASTICIZERS FOR POLYVINYLCHLORIDE Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-132 AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-134 AROCLOR 1254 CO-PLASTICIZER WITH DOP FOR VINYL ORGANOSOLS AND PASTES Monsanto Technical Bulletin 0-137 AROCLOR--A NONFLAMMABLE HYDRAULIC FLUID FOR DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS 2-196-01157-71 27 Printed iu U. S. A. DSW 434686 STLCOPCB4087745 ' *. ; ..ft, . ' V iyJ .rtf., ' UVI\ */. '.i.#/.,; i The information contained in this booklet has been obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and dependable, but we cannot guarantee the correctness of the same or be responsible for any loss or damage that results from the use of such information. : i. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPAN Y ST. LOUIS, MO. DSW 434687 STLCOPCB4087746 s MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY, ORGANIC CHEMICALS DIVISION P. O. BOX 478, SAINT LOUIS 3, MISSOURI DSW 434688 STLCOPCB4087747