Document 65MKadV7G1ybGeZdELr93GJZE

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT PROTECTION AGAINST PNEVMO- f ABATING THE DOST MENACE--The tremendous popularity of M.S.A. Cornfo Oust Respirators con tinues) Two type, now are available, differing only in the nature of the filtering medium: the Cornfo Dust and Mist Respirator (V. S. Bureau of Mine, Approval No. 2 SOI AC) forprotection against pneumoepniosisproducing or nuisance dusts and chromic add mists; the Cornfo Lead Dust Respirator t V, Bureau of Miner Approval No. 2107) for protection against meehanically*gcneited lead dust. JEach combines un usual protective ability with extremely low breathing resistance, light-weight comfort and long filter life, PROTECTION IN PAINT-SPRAYING-Now comes the new Cornfo Paint Respirator, Twin-Cartridge type, with replaceable all-metal cartridges, factory loaded for uniformity. Breathing resistance is much less than that of a single-canridge respirator; paint vapors and pigment panicles are removed more thoroughly; maintenance is easier and simpler. In addition to the types described above we have re cently perfected our Air Stream Respirator, which provides both dust and fume protection wherever clean, compressed air is available. Well be glad to demonstrate any of these units for yon. just write us. stating the nature of the hazard, MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES COMPANY Breddock, Thomas and Meade Strettt, Pittsburgh/P*. DUtrfct Representatives In Principe! Cities, M'S-A SAFETY EQUIPMENT : " ' ' '" I* m ,, ,,)ffi' , M.S.A. Products include Breathing Apparatus . . . Inhalators . . . Cornfo Respirators . . . Masks of all types . . . Gas Indicators ,Gas Detectors . . . Safety Goggles . . . Protective Hats and Caps ... Edison Electric Cap Lamps . . . Safety 1 In the cause of accident prevention, owners of fleets of fast trucks and buses must take every precaution. Many companies operating hundreds of units, have established nearly per fect safety records over long periods. Almost without exception fleet managers recognize the importance of providing protection from glare. Drivers must face hundreds of glaring headlights at night for hours on end and dur ing the day, direct and reflected sunlight. A major portion of our energy is spent through the eyes. Tired eyes cause complete physical fatigue. The tired driver is not a safe driver. If you are not familiar with the unusual powers of Willsonite, write for information to Willson Products, Inc., Reading, Pa. WILLSONITE LENSES Willsonite glass filters from any source of light the injurious infra-red rays which pain the eyes and cause fatigue and headache. Made to the same formula as Willson-Weld, the most widely used of all welding glass, Willsonite is from two to six times as effec tive as other popular colors used in sun glass manufacture. The chart below shows com parative absorption qualities. 10% 50% ,'?<!% 10% r*d% 00% 10% Vi% 110% 100% p- v,^LSON1Tl: ,,,,|H ;,jf;jV;%T.nil\K>U-rf, -j i Averadr of cnlrn iir 1 1 AMUL'It 33S. { SMOKE r 50*:. r'.'. y''' -:'.i | Sl.A FOAM y-1% AMirruvsT __>nr;% ... ...._ ............ " ~~ 10% 50% iitj% r.ofo vo5 ro% jo, i<jo% The above figures were obtained in actual tests using a standard make thermopile with a screen which transmits nothing but infra-red light WILLSON PRODUCTS Tim S A | .J. u\Euot,vrSvAAFETY N'KWs u min;iOMti-*Irm..hi mme-nTitii!i'Tl!l.\, laimt ti\uA*iifPn.aMluflW *t t Fmbiuiij\cteU<. ,t!UliSi'm, rHtl* mWm-Oir*kier?!P uArnet oOf dMcajSp"-,m .IiII- ispV*.MrhA.Mm.-nal cmr\ IToncst.>4j.*ur*ii-j.hV, o.lMumich-igan'., MAY, 1936 2 "Form-Set" has the utmost in every quality -- the toughest, most durable fatigue resisting Wire--the most minute accuracy in the sizing and fitting of the Wires--the most careful and exacting fabrication--plus precision Preforming. Try "Form-Set" on a strictly comparative basis. It has the "stuff" and its preformance will prove our every claim. Send for our Catalog just off the press. Williamsport, Pa. 122 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ills. Other Offices in All Principal Cities NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 3 Here is a REAL SAFETY SHOE that is also Stylish, Comfortable and No. H-708 -- HY-TEST Ventilator Type Black Glove Blucher Oxford, 1SCO Steel Safety Box, Weatherwear Leather Sole, \z Rubber Heel. C, d-12; D&E, 5*12. In stock for immediate delivery. THE "VENTILATOR' Xerforated for coolness, stylish in appearance, the "Ventilator" is com fortable to an unusual degree be cause of the Hy-Test safety last that allows complete freedom of the foot. And yet this Hy-Test Safety Shoe re tains all the famous Hy-Test safety features that have made the name Hy-Test so highly regarded through out the industrial world. Notable among these is the Isco steel box toe and its anchor flange that actually anchors the steel protective unit under the insole. This anchor age prevents the danger of the steel box shifting or tipping back upon the toes, in the event of an accident involving tremendous pressure. Our In-stock department will read ily supply you with detailed infor mation of the entire Hy-Test line, including the conventional heavy work types. Send for a catalogue. The famous anchor flange, which hooks under the insole. Safe, secure, preventing tip ping or shifting in the event of an accident. Were it not for this flange, an excessively heavy weight might cause a. slip or tip-back, crushing the foot be tween the insole and the steel toe. ST. LOUIS HY-TEST SAFETY SHOES DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHOE MANUFACTURER Lei's Use Our Heads To Sava Our Ft mat. sm !/ \ * & & ... -> ,, u . ?-p" *r .!,.^U` i . _^tt',n'<Cia- *in" u lo *n **,,,i.i..ti>t""^",,,;.... i`"'"'H,`'' urn) .u^ *ol w 1,r,''`r" ilt,,.ri'Uf',r i ,rt ..."ZZ -- !> lrt,'"'V ,,ni>l"'M',rt '' iuuaiwnl rrr- " ..... ,,. ->".'*,";,nltt^ -" . r^T; "x"1'""! .... ......"" '.iii-',*w,""` ln*iti& ***** U,r 11 >^' Il".. "!.'."" u>"I-- -.* '>,,, A*te'"> .w .. ....r,.rn,'.'`'- ^'-issP^r- f uv-wr"*.... '',,,a V .... "vr,,>,. .>.< > U,v.v '*' ?i` 1 . ttFv.0^r ,M.VVV Ya NATIONAL ADVERTISING in The Saturday Evening Post and Collier s is keeping the importance oi Safety Glass All-Around alive in the public mind and emphasizing the responsibility of car owners to insist on genuine Safety Glass when they replace broken lights. Everything done to extend the use and appreciation of Safety Glass All-Around in buses, taxicabs and other public carriers, as well as in privately owned passenger cars, is surely in the best interests ol greater public protection. LIBBEYOWENSFORD GLASS COMPANY.. .TOLEDO, OHIO NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 5 GENERAL ELECTRIC REDUCES PRICES ON MAZDA LAMPS Now you can have Better Lighting for less cost in your plant.. .factory... office General Electric's announcement of .substantial price reductions in the higher wattage types of Mazda, lamps t (effective .May 1st ) now makes it possible for every plant, factory, and office to enjoy the advantages of better light ing at lower cost than ever before. This is the eighteenth major reduction in Mazda lamp prices in fifteen years. In every way, these price reductions offer you great ad vantages toward bringing lighting standards up to the minimum requirements for efficient, safe seeing. Thev make your lighting costs lower than ever. i:' F' Phone or write the jobber who serves vou with Mazda lamps made by General Electric and order an ample supplv of the higher wattage sizes at these new low prices. General Electric Compain. Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio. MAY, 1936 A'N Hr, lO\v C7,,. `' _ ''% '' ,CV; tu -07;, 71 `Nr*1 1 *00 Ott 'r ' ' ` SOs M The price of M azd a, lamps has gone steadily *7-*0 # dmvn while lump efficiency, the amount of light produced per unit of current, has gone up and up ... The iOE) trade-mark on each lamp means they Stay Brighter Longer! aAJd GENERAL ELECTRIC j&r ' National Safety News Volume 33 Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and industrial health MAY, 1936 Number 5 Contents Men Against the Floods-.Carman T. Fish ................. . . . 10 Style or Safety?--Doan I. Falos .................................................. . . . . . . 11 Not Chance But W ork- 41frod P. Sloan. Jr. ............... . . .17 Safe Cities Honored in Nation-Wide Broadcast.......... .. . . .18 Protection Against Combustible Gases--P. S. ft illiams............. . . .19 Tools That Won't Spark- Jack Dolmonte .................. .. . 22 Lubricating Modern Machinery--IT. F. Schaphovst. M. E........... . . .23 It's Easy to Be Safe--H. If. Gabor ............................................. .. . A Columnist Rides the Cab............... .................................................... Industrial Dermatitis--Oscar L. Levin. M. D.................................... . 34 Skull Crackers-.Industrial Data Sheet D-Me. I . ........................... .38 Class War in Cement--George E. Sokolsky ...................................... .48 handling Freight in the Port of New York---A. J. Harvey , . . , .50 they're Going to Atlantic City................................................ .58 Contest Brings Out Limerick Fans............................................... .. . States Strengthen Safety Activities................................................ .. . 79 DEPARTMENTS Editorial ......................... ................ .. 9 The Managing Director's Page ... 16 The Safety Exchange .......... .28 Safety Instruction Cards ........ ,30 Industrial Health ............... 3 l The Bulletin Board..................... 10 The Safety Library ............ .60 Personals .................... .03 Coming Events ...................................74 The Honor Roll ................................ 74 With the Manufacturer .................. 80 Accident Barometer.......................... 88 CABMAN T. FISH, Editor S. H. KF.RSHAVT, Poster Editor C. F. SCHEER, .Woriate Editor L. H. MILLER. Advertidng Manager Copyright 1930 hv National Safety Council, Inc. Printed In i`.S A. Entered as secnnd-Hitss matter June t, 1921, at the Post. CHfleo at Chicago, IIL. untier the act of March 179 Additional entrv ,tt St, Jnvph. Mich, ^rntii.ins ami single copies on request, Subscriptions are aulUHe "nb m memiiers of the National Safety Council, Member AmiM Bureau uf Circulation, TM* ntiUDwine t* indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. The price to member* for oxtr* subscriptions tn the 'ATION'AL SAFETY NFWR i -yi.'M) per 'ear. Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for vearlv sub- Statements ind opinions .nhatimt in signed artlrles are itidi'ldttal expressions of their authors, not those uf tiie National Safety c.atnrii, f.T.OOO copieH of fhlH iNNur were printed. National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. Oilier of thr i-ldurution iiivi^inn, l Cork Avr., 'v-w York City Honorary Members ROBERT W. CAMPBELL LEW R. PALMER ARTHUR WILLIAMS ASSOCIATION OF IRON A STEEL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS O National Safety Council Officers, 1935-36 Lassies II, Watson, M. I)., President D, I), Kenneil. Vice-President for Publie Relations Hart 1C. Eisher, M. D., Vice-President lor Health John R, Girson\ Vice-P re> iden t for Safety CnuncHs Hn\\ Harold G, Hoffman, Vice-Presi dent for Public Safety Ai.Bt.HT S Hem i x, Vice-President for KiiRineerintf A, V, Rohwehlh, Vice-President for In dustrial Safety M. T, Soi.inntln, Vice-President for Membership At.uoiT W. Whitney, Vice-President for balneation William K, Worth, Vice-President for E limner and Treasurer W. II, Cameron, Managing Director Executive Committee Members at Large Tin, Above orrir.r.RS and: Humer S. Bcttenheim, Tin1 Atnrvicatt Ci hi Robert I, Catein, Aetna Casualty and Surety Co, Harry GriERUvr, The Pullman Go. Thomas H. MacDonuo. t\ S. Bureau of Public Hoads K, ,1. Mi.imu.n, Portland t.eineut Assn, !, W, Millard, Industrial Gloves C.orp. George E, H\stouo, (>n*,,,ai Electric (,<>. C, W, Smith, Standard Uil Co., ilnd.) Safety Council Representatives Gi s, John H, SncRHrnvr, Massachusetts Safety Council Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council Dovvi.ti A, hi s kbi.i sib, Toledo Safety Cmmeii Edwin A. Kvvsi it, St, Louis Safety I amticil Horj.rt L. Si ii mitt, i.ouisviite Safety Council R. B. Fortltn, Lehigh Valley Safety Council Kmes M, Strike, St. .Joseph, Mo., Safety i homed Sectional Representatives A, L. Armstrong, Chemical C, W, Dr.Mpnsv, Pond ('apt. K. W, Fiske, Jr., Marine K, E, Grant, Paper and Pulp Win.tam c, Knoit.k. Street and High way Trnifle L A. PrRDY, Wood Products ft, T. Winloar, Aut'vc & Machine Shop Past Presidents Hoarier W. Campbell \ri ii ru P, Morey l.EAV H, PALMER David Van Schaak* Ralph C. Hir.iiAnns* Charles P. Tolman Artih r H. Young \Hnrrs A, Dow Lr.wts A. DeBlois cun. H. Aunr, Cm.mills B. Scott Walter (i, King Homer E. Nils/* I.t,-Col, Henry A. Remnger C, Ktr.rvr. Petti no sn Carl W. Blrc.ouist Jamis l. Bin ash John 1`, Long 7 MODERNIZE WITH FRIGIDAIRE WATER COOLING EQUIPMENT Bring your plant up-to-date. Give it the stamp of progress and success--modernize with Frigidaire Water Cooling Equipment. Plenty of cool, refreshing water at the proper tem perature means employee comfort and good will . . . greater efficiency, more production . . . fewer accidents. And Frigidaire equipment also means a tremendous sav ing in actual dollars and cents over ice. A saving so great that Frigidaire really pays for itself in a short time and continues to earn a big investment return for years to come. This statement is backed by actual facts and figures on thousands of Frigidaire installations now in use. Frigidaire Equipment has the flexibility and capacity to meet every industrial requirement--completely, effi ciently, and economically. It will pay you to get full details and first-hand information. For Free survey and estimate, see your dealer, or write Frigidaire Corpora tion, Dept. 65-5, Dayton, Ohio. FRIGIDAIRE MADE OSU R'r GSMERAE MOTOR* M W. I'M6 8 AN EYE SAVING SERVICE ,'-V An American Optical Company industrial representative ble for safety, help locate the danger spots and determine stationed in a branch office near you-- one of the 180 which of the many types of American Optical Company branch offices located in principal industrial centers --is eye-protection equipment each man needs . . . ready to work with you to save workers' eyes and company dollars. He is prepared: To offer a definite program to prevent eye accidents and to sell the plans to foremen and workers . . . To go over your operations with the executive responsi To offer a regular and detailed check-up, safety posters, a personal service that includes every merican cooperation in keeping your eve-safety program efficient and profitable. Call your American Optical Company branch office . . . have an industrial representative call. ptical Company Manufacturers, for more than 200 years, of products to aid and preserve vision. Factories at Southbridgc, Mass, in Canada, Consolidated Optical Co., Ltd. Branch ohices in all principal industrial centers 2426 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 4 MAY, 1936 NATIONAL SAFETY HEWS 9 .................... . Published by National Safety Council, Inc. Pub! ic Service 1 TJALF a century ago the shutdown of a power plant created very little disturbance in the daily routine of a city. Modern homes were lighted by gas; others by kerosene lamps. Stores and offices which had installed electric lights still had gas to fall back on. Most of the early chandeliers were combination gas and electric fixtures. People traveled to work on the slow-moving horse cars. As a source of power, the steam engine had no serious competitor. In 1886 the Edison Illuminating Company of Detroit had 89 customers of all classes; today the Detroit Edison Com pany, its successor, has nearly 600,000. This generation takes for granted the conveniences of modern life. People seldom think of the public utility com panies except when the monthly bill is received. Only when service is interrupted by a general disaster, such as a storm or flood, does the public realize its dependence upon develop ments of the past fifty years. Within the past few weeks hundreds of communities in flooded areas have been reminded of the importance of elec tricity in their daily lives. When the huge generators stopped, normal life became impossible. Light and trans portation were cut off suddenly; hunger and disease threatened, but prompt organization of all available forces prevented these additional horrors. Among the many agencies rendering essential services to their communities, none faced greater responsibilities than the public utility companies. How they met these problems and restored service with incredible speed is one of the bright chapters in the history of American industry. There was splendid cooperation between companies, .Com panies whose power plants were down tied in with plants in unaffected areas. Men and equipment were rushed to the aid of the stricken systems. Companies furnishing equipment and supplies spared no effort in serving their customers. The heroism of employees is still another story. Extra ordinary public service is all in the day's work to these men but ne%r had they faced situations requiring more courage and endurance. Crews stuck by their plants till the waters crept up to their boilers. Many of them worked until they were "out on their feet." Hundreds risked their lives to protect the company's property and keep the public from suffering unnecessary hardship. Their courage was not the reckless, impulsive type; they knew the risks and faced them calmly and deliberately, with every precaution possible under the circumstances. Job training, which included training in safety, never showed its value more conclusively than in this ordeal of high water. Public service, as well as war, can boast of its heroes. Investigate First HE National Safety Council has no monopoly in safety Twork. The job is large enough for every legitimate or ganization that offers any constructive service. Unfortunately, however, reports have reached the Council headquarters that certain individuals are taking advantage MAY, 1936 of the growing interest in safety to promote their own profit. They may be selling an imaginary service or merely solicit ing contributions. Since the Council was organized it has received hundreds of inquiries from members regarding new enterprises to re duce accidents. Some of these movements have been sincere but unsuund; others have been fraudulent. Careful investi gation is made of each report and encouragement given to every worthy enterprise, included in which are the many reliable commercial concerns marketing services and prod ucts at a legitimate profit. Their representatives, however, do not pose as philantropists. They have something tangible to offer. Community safety organizations are sponsored by men of standing in the community. There is nothing mysterious about their operations. A community organization may be independently operated, or it may be a division of some existing institution, such as the Chamber of Commerce or the Automobile Club. It does no pussyfooting; financial drives are always heralded by the widest possible publicity. One safe plan is to ask the "salesman" for the endorse ment of the Chamber of Commerce. If his proposition is fraudulent, he will terminate the interview as quicky as possible. Investigate before you sign. And the Council will appreci ate reports on any promotional activities that look suspicious. In This Issue COMPLETE story of "men against the floods" would A cover too much territory and far too much detail for the limitations of a magazine article. This story, therefore, represents merely the observations of one writer in a limited section of widely scattered districts which felt the destruc tion of the flood waters. For the title the author acknowl edges his indebtedness to the Associated Gas & Electric Sys tem, from whose advertising it was "borrowed." (Page 10). Compared with the models of a few years ago, the current automobiles show remarkable development in safety and reliability. Whether or not the safety features have kept pace with the increase in highway speeds is a debatable ques tion. But until we read Professor Fales' article we did not realize how many safety refinements are yet to be made. They will be incorporated in future models as the public demands them. In the meantime Mr. (and particularly Mrs.) Motorist will be won by chromium-plated splendor and luxurious upholstery in the showroom, regardless of where they place safety when filling out questionnaires. (Page 14). There were 3.933 highway-grade crossing crashes in 193S with a total of 1,680 fatalities. But from the point of view of the locomotive engineer these figures are only part of the story. There are no statistics regarding the number of narrow escapes at crossings but they outnumber the actual crashes many times and they aiso add to the wear and tear on the engineer's nervous system. A noted newspaper columnist tells how it looks from the locomotive cab. (Page 27). 10 ?<*|3 USIXESS AS USUAL" was the Ij cheering headline uf the Pitts burgh Suit - Telegraph on the evening of March 30. This statement was relative, of course. Xo community could be completely normal after the 'ghtmare of the previous two weeks. x$ut conditions throughout the city in dicated that it was well on the road to recovery. The "Golden Triangle." which had felt the full force of flood waters of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers, had been opened to traffic that morning; electric light and power were again available; elevators were in oper ation. although on a reduced schedule; and the National Guard, which had ren dered such helpful service in the emerg ency, had been demobilized. Throngs of shoppers congested the downtown area that day: street cars inched their way, and automobile traffic jammed the one-way streets. The Gotham Limited of the Pennsyl vania Railroad was arriving at Pitts burgh on time for the first time since the flood, the conductor informed me as we pulled into the station on the morn ing of March 30. All along the Ohio River were evidences of the flood which at its crest had covered the tracks and wrought havoc among the homes and mills on the lowlands between the rail road and the river. In down-town Pittsburgh there were 'entv of evidences of the flood's destruc tion. Men with hip boots and the electric cap lamps familiar to miners were carry ing debris from cellars. Fire engines were still at work pumping out water. Men labored everywhere repairing pave ment where numerous craters had been left by the receding waters. But when down-town workers entered the Triangle on Monday morning, March 30, the streets once more presented a fairly respectable appearance. The pave ments had been flushed down with fire hose, and men with brooms followed. mopping up. Then big green tank trucks flushed the remaining dirt into the gut ter. and a warm sun aided the renovating process and raised everybody's spirit. Water which had been hoarded so care fully a week before, was being used lavishly. An almost war-time atmosphere was provided by the big Red Cross flag which 11 FiitprMiitti'MaJ Nett'* I'ti'd" Worker?. under tlie direction of the U. S. Bureau of Mines inspecting manholes for gas leaks. fluttered front the flagpole in front of the old City Hall Building on Smithheld Street. A volume could be written on the splendid work of the Red Cross, WPA workers, police, firemen, Xational Guard, relief agencies, physician? and nurses, and many other groups and individuals. This story, however, must be limited to the work of industry, particularly of the public utilities, upon whom our modern communities depend for their very life. On the night of Tuesday. March 17. the most memorable St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh's history, many citizens went to tied unaware of trouble. The water was high but disaster was not anticipated. By the next morning the water crept up over the tip of the Golden Triangle. By four o'clock Wednesday afternoon, the power stations supplying the city shut down. The water level reached a height of 46 feet--'21 feet be yond the flood stage. The city spent the night in darkness relieved only by the dim lights of oil lamps and candles. Down-town hotels had a decidedly spooky atmosphere with only a few hoarded candles to light their lobbies. Xnt an elevator moved in a hotel or office building. Guests and workers de pended on leg power to reach upper floors. "My legs ache yet," said the bellboy who escorted me to my room on the tenth floor of the William Penn Hotel on the first normal Monday morn ing after the flood. Those who had never given the elec tric company a thought except to com plain about the bills realized that elec tricity is the life blood of a modern com munity when the flood waters stopped the huge generators supplying factories and homes and shut down the pumping stations which supplied the city with pure water. Of water there was plenty, dark, and muddy, unfit for human con sumption and, without power to pump it, useless for extinguishing fire which, ironically enough, added to the destruc tion of the flood. The darkness which enfolded Pitts burgh on the night of March 18 created fear, but not panic. The National Guard, quickly mobilized, patroled the down town area. Boy Scouts helped to direct traffic in the outlying areas, releasing policemen for duty in the flooded dis trict. Business and industrial concerns whose premises were under water placed their facilities at the command of the Red Cross and helped to collect food, clothing and bedding for the relief of the destitute. Most of the industries report ed that comparatively few of their em ployees were living in the districts under water. Candles, flashlights and batteries, kerosene lamps and lanterns were eager ly bought. The supply was soon ex hausted. Charges of profiteering were heard in many quarters. According to reports, 25 cents was asked for candles --even 7S cents in some places. But light is only one of the many uses of electricity. In an emergency people can get along with the same sources of light as their forefathers. Nor is elec tricity's contribution limited to such ob vious uses of power as the operation of elevators and trolley cars. it operated the pumping station which supplied water for drinking and sani tary needs. It governed communication A generator from one of the rity's pumping stations being dismantled for drying at Homewood Work* of the Westinghouse Klertrir Manu* fnrtnring Company. Restoring service in tlie t ity'-i pumping stations was one of the first ta-ks attempted after the flood water receded. MAY. 1936 12 Testing a manhole with a combustible gas indicator. Courtesy Mine Safety Appliance* Co. by radio, telegraph and telephone, pas teurization of milk, and countless other daily services. The supply of gasoline was curtailed because there was no elec tricity to pump it. At some gas stations the old fashioned sucker pump was in stalled. The gas was pumped into large ans and into the cars. A clerk working by candle light in his office went to the adding machine to total a column of figures. It was dead. Automatic operation of gas and oil fur naces was interrupted because there was no electricity to operate the controls. Automatic stokers also went dead. " I don't know of anything that makes you feel so helpless as a flood." one man remarked. (Probably he had never been through a tornado or an earthquake.) "A serious fire is terrible but there is something you can do about it. But when you watch those flood waters creep ing up, you have a feeling of utter help lessness." Where would the flood stop? Would famine and disease follow the destruc tion? These thoughts were uppermost in people's minds during the anxious hours of March 18 and the following days. Those who have had the electric lights go dead at night without a spare fuse in the house or tried in vain to get a plumber to fix a burst water pipe, will have some slight appreciation of the situation. While the crest of the flood Stopped just before reaching Smithfield street, its effects were felt by all who were served hv the electric distribution lines and the city water mains. For a time the city was practically isolated from the outside world. Regu lar transportation was at a standstill. Railroad bridges were washed out in many sections, and signal systems were out of commission. Tracks were under water: trolley lines were grounded; and buses and trucks were blocked by high water and landslides. Even airplane service was curtailed by hazardous fly ing weather and the dangerous condi tion of the landing field. On Wednesday. March 18. every means of transportation in and out of the city of Pittsburgh and the Allegheny and Kiski valleys was shut off. Air transport was resumed as soon as flying conditions permitted, and extra equipment was rushed to Pittsburgh by the TWA and United Airlines. There was a long waiting list for every flight. Meanwhile men labored heroically to re store the public services. Newspapers printed limited editions in neighboring cities, minus the usual comics, features and advertising. The Why the power lines were dead. A condenser pit at Springdale Station of the West Penn Power Company after most of the water had been pumped out. dark room of the railroad company at the Pennsylvania Station was placed at the disposal of the press services and local papers, which permitted pictures of the flood scenes to be circulated promptly throughout the country. Thanks to the prompt action of the city authorities, many of the horrors which follow in the wake of a disaster were avoided. Forces for the mainte nance of law. order and health and the distribution of relief were promptly mo bilized. The flooded area was roped off and patrolled by the National Guard. Bayonets and steel helmets restrained the lawless and reassured the law-abid ing. There was no outbreak of crime and violence, although there were a few isolated cases of looting. Offenders were taken before a very informal court where a judge in a leather jacket dispensed justice by the light of a kerosene lantern. Anti-typhoid inoculation was conduct ed on a scale seldom witnessed before. Industries with well organized medical departments provided this and other health measures for their employees. From the first threat of peril from the rising waters through the trying days of digging out of the mud. there were countless examples of fortitude and heroism. Executives in overalls worked side by side with workers to restore the city to its normal routine, working long periods without rest. "It was like mobilizing an army for active service and building, up the ord nance and commissary departments on a few hours' notice." said F. K. Singer, general plant employment manager for the Bell Telephone Company of Penn sylvania in Pittsburgh area. Within a few hours the telephone headquarters building was turned into a temporary barracks, a self-sufficient community, prepared to maintain com munication on at least an emergency basis. Cots, blankets, lanterns, oil heat ers. containers for drinking water, lum ber, food and first aid supplies were collected during the ominous hours while the water was rising. The floods called for the greatest emergency shipments of telephone equip ment and supplies in the history of the country'. Never before bad a catastrophe devastated so many areas, almost simul taneously destroying so much telephone plant inside and outside. Western Elec tric factories and warehouses worked day and night. Planes carried both men and materials to the stricken areas. At the Pittsburgh warehouse, employ- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS IS Manhole covers in the flood soaked area were removed to air the sewers and permit gas leaking from damaged mains to escape. National guardsmen and city police remained on guard and traffic was barred from the area. ItUemationai i'lt> (> ees fought flood conditions while en deavoring to maintain the supply serv ice. Rising waters finally cut off power, heat and light. After 36 hours in the budding, the last of the crew was forced to leave in a rowboat from the second story window. Next day a crew of 70 struggled back and made shipments to the telephone company by boat. They continued their work during the succeed ing nights by the light of candles, lan terns and flashlights. Skilled workmen, foremen and general foremen were quickly recruited from Ohio, Michigan, Eastern and Western Pennsylvania fully equipped with tools and testing equipment. These were or ganized into large working units and quickly donning their working clothes disappeared into manholes, basements and other places coated with mud and dripping with water. Separate emergency organizations were set vp to handle supplies, emerg ency power for central offices, pumping buildings and manholes, and replacing private branch exchanges and subscrib ers' telephone equipment. The Traffic Department had the prob lem of keeping the offices fully supplied with operators for which a transporta tion system was organized. Also, food supplies, safe drinking water, beds and bedding were required. Abnormal loads were experienced as service was restored. As each unit swung into action, the effect of its work became apparent and each unit followed its allotted task through to completion. Emergency services were established for the Red Cross and many of Pitts burgh's larger business houses whose services were essential in supplying foods and materials for the work of restora tion and the alleviation of suffering. The Philadelphia Company which supplies the city with electricity, gas and transportation through its subsidi aries, the Duquesne Light Company, the Equitable Gas Company and the Pitts burgh Railways, played a conspicuous and meritorious part. Through the ener getic efforts of its working forces, the city was spared many of the hardships and dangers that might have followed a prolonged breakdown of services. Had any one been able to predict the unprecedented height of the flood, more thorough preparations could have been MAY. 1936 made. Even the U. S. Weather Bureau predicted a limit of only 34 feet. Most of the generating plants had been con structed with the great flood of 1907 in mind when the water measured 38.7 feet at Pittsburgh's point. But with the flood at 46 feet the city was helpless. It was only when the water reached that unprecedented height that the power stations and transmission cables gave way. However, the utilities were not caught entirely unprepared. "Even before the flooding of the power stations plans were under way for build ing up an organization to cope with the situation and to begin the work of re covery," said President Frank R. Phil lips of the Philadelphia Company in a radio address over stations KDKA and WCAE on March 24. "Plans were instituted to secure emergency power from surrounding utiii- C,.iiru*sy Mine Sa/oty ApplUitns i *c The electric lights were dead but this hank continued to serve its patrons with the aid of miners' cap limps. ties, and I cannot praise too highly the West Penn Power Company, which also suffered severely, and the Pennsylvania and Ohio Power Company and all other interconnected companies, which were in imminent danger, for the sacrifices they made to help the Duquesne Light Company and the people of" the Pitts burgh district in a time of dire need. "In an emergency of this character it is imperative that the health and safety of the people be given first considera tion. in response to this need the Duquesne Light Company centered its activities upon the restoration of power to communication companies, water pumping piants, food supply institutions and hospitals as far as physically pos sible, to assist in every way in the main tenance of law and order. "Let me say at this point," continued Mr. Phillips, "that it was the fine work performed*'by various health, policing and public works departments of the County, City and State, the valiant work of the Red Cross and numerous other social agencies, coordinated with the efforts of the utilities, including the tele phone company, that, in my opinion, have been largely responsible for the preservation of life, the minimization of persona! injury and the prevention of disease." At 11:30 a.m. on March 18, the 80, 000 HP turbine of the James H. Reed Power Station was shut down. This did not necessitate curtailment of service, however, because many of the large power users in low lying areas had al ready shut down. At that time the Coifax Power Station was still in operation. (Please turn to page 54J 14 NY vehicle in good condition can \ be considered safe if it is handled by a driver who knows its capanilities and limitations and drives it ac cordingly. Many of the new cars, however, are so much faster and smoother than the older cars that the driver is deceived as to his speed; and when he meets an emergency, both he and his vehicle are unable to cope with it. Several years ago a manufacturer pro duced a new model more powerful and smooth than the previous model. The accident rate on the new model trebled that of its predecessor. A plausible ex planation is that the drivers were oper ating the cars at far greater speeds than they would have dared to drive the old models and were getting into difficulty as a result. Each year this situation is repeated. One year's car is so much faster and smoother than the previous year's that the accident rate is building up in an alarming manner. And yet it is safe to say that the cars themselves are structurally safe. Many accidents are caused by the driver "over-correcting" his control. This may be aggravated by poor weight dis tribution of the vehicle, sluggish steer ' g, faulty braking, or fatigue on the t of the driver. Too Fast for Weight Some light coupes or runabouts can attain speeds at which they become di rectionally unstable and tend to wander on the road. The slightest bump or cross-wind can throw them out of con trol. No car can be driven safely at high speeds in gusty cross-winds. Reserve power is a safety factor if properly and intelligently used. It en ables quick passing, quick acceleration, and gives the operator better control of his vehicle. However, power plants have been developed to a point far in excess of the road-holding, steering and brak ing abilities of the vehicles in which they are installed. The question of speed control as a solution to the highway safety problem has often been discussed. Few operators drive with an eye on the speedometer; their attention is demanded by the road and by traffic. However, the proposal to govern all cars so that they cannot exceed 50 miles an hour is dangerous. me operators would tamper with the ernors. Others, endeavoring to pass a car whose driver did not want to be passed, would find themselves driving beside him and at the same speed. These drivers, side by side, would be more en grossed in each other than in traffic, and this would be hazardous. If governors were adopted, it would be wise to govern each car to its maximum safe speed. Some older cars become unmanageable at 50 miles an hour, while a few of the newer cars can almost double that speed in comparative safety. It would be better to apply governors to drivers than to vehicles. A meritorious idea is to build into the speedometer a switch that can be set to sound a buzzer at any predetermined speed. This warns the driver when that speed has been reached but interferes in no way with his control of the vehicle. Weight distribution that is adopted for easy riding often makes road-hold ing faulty, steering sluggish, braking erratic, and traction poor. With the vehicle weight forward, high speed braking is in some cases only 60 per cent as efficient as on cars having the power plants placed behind the front axle. Weight redistribution and the transfer of the weight from the rear of the vehicle to the front will necessitate a great improvement in brake mechan ism. While brakes have been made more reliable and efficient, the advancement to date has been only a small step in the direction of the necessary improvement. In some vehicles with the engines mounted over the front axle there is too little weight over the driving wheels to give good traction. Such a condition makes skidding easier. In an attempt to attain the ultimate in riding comfort too much reliance is placed on low pressure tires and too little on spring suspension. In turning comers low pressure tires cause the camber to change dangerously. On bumpy roads the radius of the driving wheels changes constantly and to a large degree. Tires have been developed to high standards, but unless they are properly inflated and replaced when worn, they offer one of the greatest driving hazards. It should be made compulsory for every operator to own and use an accurate tire pressure gage. Caster, camber, and toe-in of the front wheels must be controlled under all con ditions. Many mechanical layouts would accomplish their function, but tires that fold under on corners because of low pressure or faulty inflation counteract the planned function of the mechanical system. Tires should be considered from the standpoint of traction and road-hold ing ability, and the spring suspension should care for the riding comfort. Must Cushion Jolts In this connection shock absorbers have an important duty. In many in stances they could be made more robust in the interest of safety. The effort to gain the ease of opera tion that has become so popular has made steering sluggish in the modern automobile. With the present steering ratios it is impossible to correct a quick NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 15 skid, and the driver has no "feel" of his all conditions. Vehicles should be proper vehicle. These ratios make control in ly ventilated and heated. The driver's deep sand, snow or mud uncertain, since eyes should be protected from reflec the front wheels cannot be turned quick tions and glare. There should be no an ly enough to keep the car headed in the noying vibrations. A noise which in a desired direction. short ride may be only a minor annoy Low ground clearances and long, over hanging rear structures cause many parts of vehicles to be damaged on rough roads and on ramps. Higher clearances would not only eliminate much damage to ex haust systems, steering mechanisms and power plants, but would also contribute to easy riding by allowing the springs greater movement. ance may become a major hazard on a long trip. Driving seats should be com fortably upholstered, should hold the driver's body in an erect position and should be adjustable forward and back ward, up and down and also at an angle so that the seat and back cushions are fixed on the plane most suitable to the driver. There is no reason for making the driver's seat and the front passen Need Improved Exhaust ger's seat alike. They have different functions to perform. Too many seats Exhaust systems must be made more have inferior upholstery and cushions. rugged and better protected. Crank case It is as important to have an adjustable fumes must be carried off in such manner and telescoping steering post as it is to that they cannot enter the bodies. The have an adjustable driving seat. All marine practice of drawing these fumes such adjustable mechanisms must be of into the intake and providing exhaust strong construction so that they will systems that last for long periods with last the life of the car. An adjustment out leaking could well be copied in mo that becomes faulty may cause a serious tor vehicles. accident. To handle and operate the present All controls should be conveniently high speed vehicles the driver must be placed. In too many vehicles door han alert. Fatigue destroys alertness, and dles, gear shifts, levers, wind shields, the present styles are creating additional and dash boards interfere with the steer- causes of fatigue. "ing. Pedals are often so closely grouped Driving seats should place the oper that they cannot be operated quickly. ator in a comfortable, alert, command The driver should have the greatest ing position. The controls should be in possible range of vision. High. long en convenient and natural locations. The gine hoods prevent proper traffic vision. driver should be able to see dearly under I..ow roofs and rounded bodies cause MAY, 1936 blind spots at the wind shield pillars. Low roofs also make high traffic lights difficult to see. The combination of low seats and low roofs makes rear vision so limited that reversing a car becomes an adventure rather than a properly con trolled maneuver. An inside mounted mirror gives only partial vision and should be supplemented by an outside mounted mirror that enables the driver to see overtaking cars. Windshields that are steeply inclined and have no outside protecting visors cause glare and eye strain, especially when lightly coated with dust or dirt. It is practically impossible to defrost the windshield. There is no completely satis factory defroster available. "V" windshields cause confusing re flections in night driving in the rain. The vacuum ventilating systems so generally used can and do draw fumes and dust into the vehicle body. This is a far more serious hazard than is com monly realized. Many cars have danger ous and even lethal quantities of carbon monoxide in the bodies under certain driving conditions. Pressure ventilating systems can be developed that in addition will serve as heating systems and windshield defrost ing units. Ample heat is available. For every horse power used to drive a ve hicle, approximately twice as much power is wasted in cooling and exhaust heat. Ventilation is Vital The present bodies with rounded roofs and tumble home windows allow dis agreeable quantities of rain to enter if the windows are open. In order to keep dry the windows are often fully closed, and with improper ventilation the driver becomes sluggish in thinking and acting. Bright ornamental work often causes reflections that temporarily blind the driver. Modern bodies have great rigidity, but in many cases are susceptible to "drumming" that in time wears on the occupants and tends to deaden the alert ness of the driver. The present trend in low bodies is largely style. In European racing cars that are driven at 200 miles an hour on ordinary roads the drivers are willing to suffer the handicap of greatly increased frontal areas to be able to sit erect and high enough to have the proper driving vision. Low bodies contribute to many minor accidents. In order to see out of the cars children who are passengers (Please turn to page 66) 16 The Managing Director's Page 'y- -iiSC . Av Laughs, Tears or Shudders? "V7HAT is the best appeal to reach all kinds of people in " our efforts to keep them from killing or injuring them selves? Probably the argument will never cease. There are only a few fundamental emotions. Two of the most powerful are fear and joy--tears and laughter. Fear is probably the most powerful single motivating influence in men's lives. But there are other factors. The safety appeal must com mand attention--perhaps through fear--but a lesson must he taught and a lasting impression made. The appeal to fear may be used because fear is a basic emotion, but to use it too intensively or continuously will defeat the end sought. When members of the National Safety Council select posters from the samples shown in miniature in the National Safety News, the tendency is to choose the types they like rather than those that might carry the most forceful message to the men in the plant. Posters with a strong emotional appeal (sometimes called ``tear jerkers" by irreverent persons) have been popular. One showing a father carrying in his extended arms the body of his little child has been reprinted and reproduced in many forms hundreds of times. Its title, "The Pity of It", %as not lost its appeal after many years of circulation. A poster showing a widow and her child sorrowing at the tomb of a father lost through a preventable accident may appeal to the sympathies, but does it go further to arouse interest in the causes that may have led to the accident-- perhaps physical hazards, failure to observe rules, lack of training in safe habits, and many other contributing causes. Gruesome posters, those showing the horrible results of accidents--the infected wound, the scene of a highway crash with the victims draped around the wreckage, and similar unpleasant subjects--have always been in demand. Some of our members will not display a repulsive poster; others use them freely. Some of the posters produced in other countries are far more lurid than those in circulation in this country. Psychologists state that while fear in small doses may be stimulating it has deadening effect when carried to excess. If a plant bulletin board displayed nothing but gory posters day after day. it would soon affect the majority of the em ployees in one of three wavs: The unimpressionable would cease to be affected: the sensitive would avoid the bulletin board; the morbidly inclined would be fascinated but not influenced in the right direction. To encourage promptness in securing first aid treatment a picture of an infected hand may be displayed to advantage but it should be balanced by positive, constructive propaganda. Comic posters are more popular than the gruesome. People enjoy a good laugh. The argument against the comic poster ;s that accidents should not be treated lightly. Some types ' comic posters are objectionable. Posters which ridicule the workers produce a negative re action immediately. The greatest danger is in the use of crude art work or absurd copy. Newspapers find that comic strips take second place in capturing reader attention. Humor has its place in safety work, but it must be used skillfully and discreetly. Ridicule must not be directed against Indi viduals. Articles like u ... , And Sudden Death" (which swept America as Uncle Tom's Cabin did eighty years ago) arouse the public, but merely arousing people is not enough. It must be followed by convincing argument for constructive accident prevention work. Now that the first shock of " . . . . And Sudden Death" has subsided we cannot help wondering what it would re quire to give the public another jolt of equal force. It seemed to us that Mr. Furnas reached the ultimate in stark realism and horror in that article. The majority of people may be shocked or titillated by appeals to their instincts or emotions, but the safety job is an analysis of causes and remedies, a matter of knowing how to change forms of behavior that may become more or less accepted habits of working and living. # INTERESTING ITEMS Ail inspirational pamphlet, "The New War on Traflic Accidents," has just been published by the Council. This pamphlet, the first of a series, presents a vivid picture of the general traffic safety problem as a national menace, and calls to arms every public spirited man and woman for organized Federal, state and com munity safety programs. This is one of the advance broadsides in the campaign to reduce traffic accidents 3S per cent by the end of 1940. One or more copies will he gladly furnished to individuals or groups without charge. A nation-wide distribution is desired. The pres* is unanimous in arrlaiming the big 24-sheet "News paper Safety Service" just released by our Publicity Division, the most comprehensvc, the most helpful and the best safety broadside ever offered to newspapers, in a very short time the country will be blanketed by this great newspaper campaign. The General Federation of Women's Clubs has just distributed to its thousands of Clubs a splendid new booklet, "Women and the War on Accidents." This is one of their first big announcements encouraging affiliated clubs to make accident prevention one of the major projects for the immediate future. The Council is expecting real action from these influential groups. We have had the pleasure of consulting and working with their safety chairman, Mrs. Edward Hammett, on this new program which lias been made possible through special funds contributed by the automotive industry. Lieut. F. M. Kremi has been appointed director, and Captain Ray Ashworth, formerly of the Wichita Police Department, assistant director, of the new Safety program of the International Associa tion of Chiefs of Police which, like the work of the National Con gress of Parents and Teachers, is being financed by the Automobile Industry. Lieut. Kremi has also been made director of the Traffic Officers' Training School at Northwestern University. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 17 Not Chance, But Work Constant, unremitting effort in the application of tested reme dies has been responsible for the achievements of the winning cities and states in the National Traffic Safety Contest that will mean success. We now know what the enemy is-- an unholy alliance of ancient and inadequate highways; automobiles that are too old for safe use--or that have been allowed to be come old before their time; antiquated and conflicting laws; drivers and pedes trians who do not know -- and all too often do not care whether they know-- how to conduct themselves safely, con siderately and courteously. By We have learned that there is no single cause of accidents, but many causes. No ALFRED P. SLOAN, JR. Prpsuii'nt, (init'itt! Motors i'>l'ltovntioit victory is to be won by debating whether the chief hazard of the highway is liquor or excessive speed, or carelessness or bad brakes: but rather by recognizing that all of these and many other hazards com URING the Richmond campaign D General Grant dashed to the world thesr inspiring words of bine to increase our casualty lists. And that not any one of these dangers, but all. must be done away with. determination! '7 purpose to tight itHappily today we do not have to out on this line if it takes all summer!" argue whether "It can be done." It has Today we are engaged in another kind of war--a struggle that parallels in many respects that mad. gruesome game the world so loves to play. The vigorous, united efforts of an entire people are now being mobilized for the attack. And the new offensive must be sustained on every sector of the accident front, not only for "all summer" but for all year been done! The cities we are honoring today have actually done it. None of them has done it completely; the safety leaders in these cities are the first to tell us that "they have only begun to light." But they have already scored a most conspicuous victory. Their records are not only an inspiration but an impetus for constructive action. -and for each succeeding year, until safety has been achieved. Then we can Lives Saved say truthfully, "here is a land of peace" --the normal and happy estate of man kind. Now to win any war we must first know just where and what the enemy is: and then we must attack him on all fronts. Surprise assaults may bring local or temporary success, it is true, yet after all. wars are won only through constant unyielding pressure all along all fronts. So it is in today`s war on traffic acci dents which i fervently believe is now entering a new and constructive phase These six cities--Evanston, Illinois; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Providence. Rhode Island: Syracuse, New York; Superior. Wisconsin; and Swissvale, Pennsylvania -- and the many other municipalities which received second and third awards and honorable men tion in the various population groups have actually saved 589 lives during the past year! There was no increase in the mortality rate here as was the trend in the country as a whole. Instead the- communities reduced their motor vehicle waTsin-lait**"!!!i;th\ iiiu ;iumii!fi'tW***Ms ikt*> ,!\'1t-JuSrmm turns -if Mu* Witmiini IJnnui .tstitur t um- |.au> on Marrh )!*:*, pan of a ._t;itn iiMiuirtnu' Mu* Minin*r< ni Hu* MM.t * tuna I Trattu* K.il`*tv deaths 17 per cent! Had the rest of the country done as well. 6,400 of nur unfortunate victims of 1935 would be alive and well today. MAY. 1936 How have they done it? Not by any sensational spurt, but by constant, un remitting effort; not by fanning the spasmodic flames of hysteria, but by the application of sane, sound and thor oughly tested remedies; not by chance but by work! Furthermore their ac complishments are due, not to the bril liant performance of any one man but to the whole-hearted cooperation of the city administration, the police, the courts and all the people. What these municipalities have done other cities can do; whole states can do; the whole country can do. The auto mobile industry, which I have the honor to represent here, believes this so thor oughly that we are supporting the splen did work of the National Safety Council, the public officials and many other bodies already active in the field. We believe in practicing cooperation as well as preaching it. We are throwing our material resources into this tight--and the personal energies of our entire in dustry. We believe that an essential part of the new war on accidents is to arouse and sustain the interest of all the people all the time. We most gratefully ac knowledge the increasing efforts of the newspapers and the radio, which are do ing so much to make the man on the street realize his individual accountabili ty for safety. But after all, there is nothing more futile than interest fanned to a fever heat which is not directed toward a defi nite objective. Words we must have, yes: but words employed as the means toward an end. They must be followed with vigorous action, intelligently direct ed. It is not sufficient that the driver and pedestrian possess the desire to be cautious on our streets; they must know what care consists of. and the specific things they must do--and not do--if they would avoid disaster. The new safety program must instruct both young and old in the simple, yet vital art of driving and walking on our streets. (Please turn to page 6$) Left to right: Mayor Bryn Ostby, Superior, Wi4.; Dr. B. L. Corbett, Milwaukee, Wis.: Mayor Charles H. Bartlett, Evanston, 111.; Dr. C. H. Watson, president, NSC. Safe Cities Honored in Nation-wide Broadcast HE story of the success that can be Commission; Providence, R. L, winner rwon in the battle against traffic in Group II, cities between 250.000 and deaths was spread to all parts of 300.000, Mayor James E. Dunne: Syra the United States on March 30, whecnuse, N. Y,, Group III, 100,000 to the presentation of awards to the win 250.000, Mayor Rolland B. Marvin; ners of the 1935 National Traffic Safety Superior, Wis., winner in Group V. 25. Contest was broadcast over a network 000 to 50,000, Mayor Bryn Ostby; of 26 stations of the National Broad Swissvale, Pa., Group VI, 10,000 to casting System. 25.000, James E. Loughran, represent Representatives of the winning com ing Burgess D. j. Madigan. munities and states were guests of honor State of Illinois, winner in Class A. at the luncheon given by the National Ernst Lieberman, state highway engi Safety Council at the Hotel Pennsyl neer, representing Governor Henry Hor vania, New York City, front which the ner: Delaware, winner in Class AAA. broadcast was conducted. Walter Dent Smith, secretary of state: Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., president of Gen Minnesota, winner in Class AA, was not eral Motors Corporation, in addressing officially represented. the gathering made a strong plea for In opening the broadcast Dr, Watson unity of action throughout the country said: in mobilizing against traffic accidents. "We learned long ago that to stop Dr. C. H. Watson, president of the accidents we must reach every human National Safety Council, presided. John activity, eve-v materia! thing, every B. Kennedy, prominent author, editor habit and custom. And we must em and speaker, served as master of cere ploy human as well as mechanical aids monies. if we are to stem the tide of destruction. The cities and states honored at the Said Mayor Bartlett: gathering, together with their repre "The most significant thing about the sentatives. were: records of Evanston and other winning Evanston, III., grand prize winner and cities is that they are not due to miracles /inner in Group IV. cities of 50.000 to nor to efforts which cannot be dupli 100,000. .Mayor Charles H. Bartlett: cated anywhere. The program of traffic Milwaukee, Wis.. winner in Group 1. accident prevention which has brought 500,000 population or more. Dr. B. L. highest honors three times in the past Corbett, secretary, Milwaukee Safety four years to Evanston, a city which was one of the most dangerous of its size ten years ago, is essentially simple. It is based upon engineering, enforcement and education, with a comprehensive accident reporting and record system to guide activities in each of the three fields." Dr. Corbett declared that the success of Milwaukee in promoting traffic safety is "due to a long-time safety program initiated by the Milwaukee Safety Com mission. which was organized by Mayor Hoan some twenty' years ago. This Commission is a non-political body con sisting of fifteen representative citizens appointed by the mayor, and 25 advisory members appointed by the Commission itself. It has been said that safety is everybody's business, but everybody's business is nobody's business unless it is properly coordinated. The Safety Commission does just exactly that. It is the coordinator, the leader and the melting pot of safety activities." Mayor Dunne stated that Providence, R. I., "had 33 fatalities in 1932, 21 in 1933, 19 in 1934, and 18 in 1935--a most wonderful reduction from the first year named. This decrease has been brought about by an intelligent, con certed effort rather than by chance. The winning of this award does not mean that we have relaxed our efforts to make Providence the safest city in the country." According to Mayor Marvin, ''there have been many factors in Syracuse's traffic safety campaign of the last eight een months, but the program can best be described by saying that it was based on honest, conscientious enforcement-- free of political interference." The simplicity of the program con ducted by the local safety council at Superior was stressed by Mayor Ostby, who said: "The strict enforcement of ordinary safety measures was demanded and ade quate publicity given. Many Superior or ganizations and individuals gave whole hearted support. In Superior we teach and plan safety. Our educational pro gram in the schools is given paramount emphasis. We find strict enforcement of traffic rules essential, but we believe the most important factor in the safety program is the teaching of traffic cour tesy." N VTTONAL SAFETY NEWS 19 Protection Against Combustible Gases By F. S. WILLIAMS Chemical Engineer, Standard Oil Company of California In the January issue of the National Safety News Mr. Williams described methods of detecting combustible gases. This article deals with methods of preventing dan gerous accumulations HE detection of combustible gases Tand the various means for protect ing against them are inseparable precautions. Detection demonstrates the need for ventilation or other protective steps, and again it must be employed as a check against the adequacy of the protection. With a satisfactory means for detection at hand, investigations are made easy where otherwise assumptions or guesses would have to suffice. Hydro gen in old acid drums has caused fatal explosions which might have been avoid ed if some thoughtful person with a handy detector available had carried out the common sense rule of checking the interior of all containers before doing "hot" work on them. Occasionally com bustible gas is being handled or ecountered without those concerned knowing it is combustible. Many people Provisions for ventilation of a *as compressor house. are surprised to learn, for instance, that ammonia gas is a combustible which forms explosive mixtures with air. Prevention of combustible gas accum ulations, where feasible, is always the best protection. This may mean either stopping the gas at its source, or pro viding enough ventilation so that the accumulations never become dangerous. Inspection of equipment handling com bustible gas or volatile flammable liquids to insure that it is maintained free from leaks is an elementary' but frequently neglected point. Careful design, correct material, intelligent instruction, and safe practices against accidental leaks and spills o a long way to protect against Portable motor-driven turbine blower for street manhole ventilation. lire and explosion hazard. Such a simple thing as a plug or cap closing the end of a vaived bent line saves many mis takes. When a tank, still, or other piece of equipment is down for cleaning, valves should not be trusted. All connections through which gas, vapors, or combus tible liquids can enter should be broken. A few years ago. before vapor indi cators came into general use, a tanker lay at the repair dock with her after com partments gas-free. Vapor from one of the forward tanks breathed through a leaky steam smothering valve. An ex plosion occurred which greatly damaged the vessel and injured several men. A steam smothering line, installed origin ally as a safety measure, was the acces sory which allowed the vapor to go where it was not suspected. Today, with the Wind sails for use in street manhole ventilation. aid of the modern combustible gas indi cator, tank ships come in for repairs with every compartment tested and the ship known to be gas-free as a unit. Ships, incidentally, are particularly well situated to employ the cheapest, simplest, and often the most effective method available of getting rid of com bustible gas--natural ventilation. When it is desired to make a tanker gas-free preparatory to repairs, cleaning of com partments, or any other reason, the crewsuspend large canvas tubes from a line swung well above the deck. These tubes run through the hatches and down close to the bottom of the space to be venti lated. The tubes are cut down for some distance below their top and the canvas spread to form a sail which will catch the breeze and force air down the tubes into the bottom of the compartments. Such devices are called "wind sails." Even though there may be little or no breeze, the compartment is usually warmer than the outside atmosphere, and a large volume of air is induced to flow down the tubes by convection, Modification of the wind sail idea may be used to solve many ventilation prob lems ashore. A sight familiar to San Franciscans is the "wind deflector venti lator" employed by the Telephone and Telegraph Company to ventilate cable man holes while men are underground splicing cables or carrying on other work. The wind sail has been successfully ap plied to tanks, and is particularly useful in ventilating through roof hatches those field tanks which have not been pro vided with a side manhole. When a side manhole is available in a tank, it may be openi'd and an improvised wind MAY, 1936 20 deflector of galvanized iron sheet or other available material erected at that manhole to best catch the breeze, thus aiding the usual natural tendency toward ventilation out through the open roof hatches. Natural ventilation has the great ad vantage of going ahead with its work many cases and getting the most dangerous part of a job completed with out such potential sources of ignition as machinery, static from steam, and human attendance. We do know that differences in density are largely re sponsible for most unaided ventilation. Hence in equipment filled with a heavy vapor, conditions will usually tend to reverse from an initial pouring out of vapor at lower openings to subsequent upward movement induced by absorp tion of the sun's heat or other tempera ture elevating environment. Street man holes which have accumulated natural or manufactured gas will tend to venti late themselves when opened as these gases are lighter than air. This all de pends on circumstances, however, and the only safe assurance is brought by checking with an indicator. If we would take an indicator and in vestigate. we would find many cases where natural ventilation does a job while preparations are being made to employ some mechanical means. There is the instance when a blower set - up was planned to prepare a very gassy 115 x 30 feet crude oil tank for cleaning, "he blower was set at the side manhole, -and the manhole and the top'hatches opened to allow the heaviest of the vapors to "pour" out the side manhole. The tank was opened at the end of the afternoon and the job left until morning. As data on the rate of ventilation was desired, the man on the job made indi cator observations the first thing in the morning preliminary to starting the blower. He found the tank atmosphere well below the limit established at which the cleaning operations were to begin and the blower was not found necessary throughout the job. It is evident that not only safety, but economy as well, may lie promoted by having the intelligent picture of gas movements afforded by a combustible gas indicator. One of many illustrations which may be cited, is the cleaning of gasoline tank e;rs in oil refineries and distributing stations. Variation of explosive range of ga?oline vapor-air mixtures with rhange in carbon dioxide concentration. Gasoline tank tars must be cleaned free of rust each time they are filled. General practice is to steam these cars upon arrival at the filling station for a period of many hours, after which they are cleaned by washing with hose streams, and often some scraping or shovelling is necessary after that This "wet" process in one refinery where a large tank car business is done averaged S4.00 per car and tied the cars up for abound 48" hours. A study of the natural ventilation which goes on when a gasoline tank car is opened top and bottom was carried out using a combustible gas indicator. It was found that the cars gas-freed themselves within 8 hours after being opened up. Any small puddles of gaso line which might be trapped in uneven bottoms are floated out by the addition of a little water. When the cars are found to be gas-free, men enter and sweep the dry rust down, and out of the bottom opening. This "dry" cleaning process costs only from $.50 to $.75 per car. as compared to -4.(JO for the steam and water, and ties up cars only about half as long. Vents on buildings are familiar to all of us. The usual form is some sort of roof vent, either at the eaves or at the apex. This is satisfactory if we are sure that the gas will rip?, !n plants handl ing heavy gases or vapors, or volatile combustible liquids such as propane, butane, ether, gasoline, carbon bi-sul phide, etc., adequate vents, or louvres, should be provided at the low points. Pipe trenches, pump kits, or other de pressions in such plants which might trap heavy vapors should be eliminated or provided with forced ventilation or with some warning device such as a con tinuous combustible gas alarm. In general, mechanical ventilation should blow air toward the space to be cleared, and any equipment which might possibly be a potential source of ignition should be placed well out of the way of the gas which is vented. Often the expense of proper ventila tion is offered as an excuse for taking chances. As an example of what can be done, it is worth while to mention an improvised ventilating tool consisting of a hand forge blower with a cheap canvas conductor tube. This forms a convenient ventilator for small containers in inac cessible locations. It has been used to dear manholes and small sumps. Be cause it is inefficient and tiring to oper ate. its application is limited. Advantage should always be taken of a situation which involves vapor spaces NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 21 normally above the explosive range as a simple means for protection. Vents from such equipment as may fall in this cate gory should be studied carefully, how ever. to insure that gas may be dis charged and disseminated safely. Heavy vapors should be discharged well up into the air so that they will diffuse to a con centration below their lower explosive of this is often successful; the tank is made gas-tight, and some foreign gas is introduced to take the place of the air. Natural gas, still vent vapors, and crack ing still gas are examples of combustible gases which have been used successfully gas are coming into prominence, some discussion of principles involved is war ranted: Explosive or ignitable mixtures result when air and combustible gases or vapors are mixed in certain proportions. The limit before reaching points where ac cumulation could take place. The pos sibility of a vent lire should always be considered, and some provision made for snuffing it out. Simply venting gas or vapor to the air is sometimes difficult to accomplish with out creating some_hazard, and usually constitutes an economic waste. These considerations combine to make attrac tive the installation of gas gathering sys tems from tank vents, still vents, dry ing processes, or filling operations whicii will bring the waste gases to some central location for appropriate recovery treat ment. Such recovery systems are in widespread use. turning into profit what would otherwise be a hazard. Valuable vapors are condensed back to a liquid form by compression or absorption proc esses, while any remaining non-condens ible gases are available for burning under boilers or process equipment. Vent fires are sometimes put to use. Waste gas in the oil fields has been burned to avoid creating a hazard. In repairing large gas lines in open country, a slight flow of gas is sometimes kept coming and allowed to burn at a cut or opening. Lines may be welded with the flicker of flame at unsealed sections of the joint giving the operators assurance that gas is flowing out and being safely disposed of while the danger of explosive gas and air mixtures inside the pipe is being avoided. Where operations, or materials han dled. preclude a normal vapor condition outside the explosive range, the ratio of oxygen to combustible can be adjusted to force this condition. In a combustible liquid tank, for instance, where the vapor concentration hovers around the explosive range, it is often possible to inter - connect the vapor space of the tank with that of some neighbor where the concentration of vapor is normally well above the upper explosive limit. Interchange of vapor between the tanks will then tend to keep them both out of the explosive range. Sometimes, if the vapor is of little value, the desired end may be accom plished most economically by removing the roof of the offending tank, or at least keeping all hatches open. The converse Boiler flue gas lias proved effective in protecting oil tankers. for this purpose in the oil industry. In some instances, an inert gas, such as boiler flue gas has proved most satis factory. A good example of protection against explosive mixtures by the use of boiler flue gas is found in the marine trans portation of petroleum products. Tankers discharge their contents so rapidly that the air drawn into the com partments does not have time to become laden with enough vapor to bring the mixture above the explosive range. Lack of convection also tends to keep vapor concentration down. As a result, the mixture formed in the compartments is nearly always an explosive one, and persists in this state until the ship is loaded again, when it is forced out amid the deck activities of the ship's person nel. Recognizing these conditions, the Standard Oil Company of California developed a flue gas system which was described by Mr. H. H. Hall in his paper. "Protecting Tankers with Flue Gas," presented before the American Petroleum Institute in 1930. Briefly, the boiler flue gases are drawn from the uptakes, forced through a cool ing and washing device, and allowed to fill the tanks in place of air. A cargo piping connection is also provided, so that in gas-freeing the ship's tanks, the compartments may be cleared of vapor by flushing with flue gas, and thus avoid explosive mixtures. All vapor is col lected during ship loading operations or gas freeing and discharged at the top of one of the hollow masts. As these systems and other applications of inert gas is the combustible and the oxygen is the supporter of combustion, while the 80 per cent of nitrogen present in the air is "inert" and serves simplv as a diluent. If a mixture contained onlv oxygen and combustible, much more violent explosions would result. If extra nitrogen be added, the violence of the explosion can be still further reduced, until a point is reached where burning will no longer take place. This is the principle on which the use of inert gas is based. Common gases other than nitrogen,which may be considered "inert" in this sense are carbon dioxide, and vapors of certain non-combustible organic liquids, such as carbon tetrachloride. The quantity of inert gas required to prevent the formation of explosive mix tures depends on the nature of the com bustible, the kind of inert gas, and the proportions in which the combustible and oxygen are present. With mixtures of petroleum vapor and air, assuming that the combustible and oxygen bear the optimum ratio one to the other, it has been found that the addition of about 40 per cent of extra nitrogen in the mixture will prevent the formation of explosive mixtures. If carbon dioxide is employed, about 2S per cent need be present in the final mixture to prevent explosion. If carbon tetrachloride vapor is employed, only 12 T< per cent need be present in the mixture to preclude explosion. Flue gas, which is a mixture of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and some oxygen, is a fairly effective inert gas. (Please turn in page pi) MAY, 1936 22 Tools That Won't Spark By JACK DELMONTE Electrical Engineer Beryllium-copper alloys have been found practical for many oper ations where sparks from steel tools would be highly hazardous X IX'CREASING demand for A sparkless working tools, to be used in industrial establishments where the vicinity of flammable materials. In these cases there is an urgent need for sparkless working implements. even the slightest spark might cause aA recently developed alloy, beryllium- serious explosion, has been evident with copper, has made available a group of in the past two years. working tools ideal for use under such In industries subject to explosion haz conditions. These tools are singular in ards no effort is insignificant which seeks two respects. They are the highest to eliminate every possibility of a mis strength non-magnetic copper alloy im hap. Plants that fall into this hazardous plements ever developed; and they do category include chemical and paint fac not give off sparks either when in use or tories, oil refineries, and places where when placed against a revolving grind explosive dust mixtures permeate the at stone. They are being manufactured by mosphere. The consequences of indus several concerns. trial explosions are well known. The toll Beryllium-copper tools, of course, are of life and equipment is unforgettable considerably more expensive than ordi There are several flammable, highly nary steel tools. Therefore there is no volatile liquids whose use must be sur advantage in purchasing them where no rounded with the utmost caution. In explosion hazard exists. this group are gasoline, turpentine, ether, The high cost of such tools is due not benzene, naphtha, varnish removers, ace to processing difficulties, but to the high tone and similar substances. Regulations cost of beryllium itself. Beryllium oc governing the handling of these materials cupies the fourth place in the periodic are necessarily strict. In some cases the classification of elements, being one of use of hobnail shoes or leather heels is the lightest metals known. As a pure forbidden in rooms where the materials metal it has not had much practical use. are kept, for the grating of an iron nail because it is very brittle and conse upon a stone surface may cause a spark quently hard to work with. However, lich will have a catastrophic effect, as an alloying medium, it has untold pos ools that may spark are also prohibited sibilities. The refinement of the metal on such locations. is a very expensive process. A few years However, a plant layout may be such ago beryllium could not be obtained for (hat tooling operations are necessary in less than $200 a pound. The present price has reached a new low of $40 a pound. Metallurgical developments in this country and abroad are responsible for the technical refinements which have lowered the cost of the metal. Alloys of beryllium - copper exhibit their most desirable mechanical charac teristics when 2.0 to 2.S per cent beryl lium (by weight) is present. The alloy is first annealed, then quenched from a temperature of 800 degrees centigrade. This is followed by heat treatment at approximately 300 degrees centigrade for two or three hours. The greatest strength is obtained by cold working, followed by further heat treatment, and an alloy with a tensile strength of 190. 000 pounds per square inch and a hard ness of 365 Brinell results. These high strength characteristics are unique for copper alloys, berylliumcopper being the strongest yet developed. It has been remarked that beryllium has an effect upon copper analogous to the effect of carbon upon iron, thus making possible a series of useful alloys. The tensile strength and the hardness of beryllium-copper are comparable to those of tool steels, and for this reason the metal has been applied to working tools. A further advantage is the absence of sparks. Care must be exercised in the tool making process, however, since the tem per will be drawn if the tools are over heated. Beryllium-copper will retain its strength and hardness only when the correct heat treatment is given. In sharpening the finished tools, care must be taken nut to overheat them, and cold water must be on hand to quench the product frequently. In the hardened state the strength and resistance of beryllium-copper alloys to wear and corrosion are evident, for the alloys have been applied successfully in hammers and blades in grinding mills, mixers, and pulpers. Hand tools, such as floor scrapers, chisels, boiler picks, pry bars, and wrenches, are also made of this special alloy. Specially designed tools of all descriptions can be manu factured on demand. The use of beryllium copper is by no means confined to the manufacture of sparkless working tools. This repre sents only one application of a highstrength non-magnetic alloy. The ma terial is proving superior to phosphorbronze in electrical devices, for example. Offering good electrical conductivity and the strength and hardness of spring steel, beryllium - copper promises to forge rapidly into the foreground as a useful and valuable industrial material. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 23 Lubricating Modem Machinery By W. F. SCHAPHORST, M.E. The principal function of a lubricant is to preserve ma chinery. The principal func tion of a lubricating system is to preserve human beings Ot' are conversing with an engi Yneer who operates a Diesel engine. You are very much interested in this type of mechanism. You ask. "In the operation of a Diesel engine, what is the most important thing? Strength? The engineer replies. "No", "Size?" "No". "Fuel?" `No". "First cost?" "No". "Name of manufacturer?" "No". Feeling that you have mentioned just about everything, you ask. "What, then?" The engineer replies. "Lubrication." Seeing that you don't quite compre hend, the engineer continues, "Attempt to operate a Diesel engine without lubri cating it. and what would happen? The cylinders would soon get hot. and the engine would stop. The wear in the cylinders, on the pistons, and on the bearings would be terrific. En a short time the engine would be ruined. Few people seem to be aware of the importance of lubrication. Manufac turers understand its importance and Enclosed silent chains, lubricated by submergence. If left exposed. the> would provide an excellent place for catching clothe?, linger? and oil can `pout?. Remember the old days when it was necessary to climb ladders to nil those lineshaft bearings? That hazardous job is no longer necessary. caution purchasers to "keep this ma chine well oiled." But in nine cases out of ten the machines suffer from lack of proper oiling. This applies even to auto mobiles. Nine automobiles out of ten are short-lived because they are insuffi ciently and improperly lubricated. But returning to Diesels, I have be fore me an interesting booklet by a prominent American manufacturer. It contains detailed instructions on oper ating Diesels. The very first injunction is: "Test the water system." This, of course, is closely related to lubrication, because a cool engine is more efficiently and economically lubricated than a hot one. Therefore, lubrication comes first. The second instruction is: "Fill the engine with lubricating oil." More space is given to lubrication than to any other subject. For instance in the section devoted to "Running the Engine," four paragraphs out of seven pertain to lubrication. How About Safety? "But wait a minute!" You could reasonably shout at the engineer who is so cocksure that lubrication is most important. "How about safety? Isn't it more important that the engine be air.' Shouldn't the engine be so de Pump?, gears and turbine. The one time lubrication problem for high ?peed pump driving has been solved effectively. signed and built that it won't explode: won't exude poisonous gases: won't catch the operators' arms, hair, or cloth ing?" Of course the engineer will have to admit that you are right. There is never any "come back" to a sane safety argu ment. It was my good fortune, some twenty years ago, to be present at a meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers when Dr. Diesel told about his experiences in the de velopment of the engine that now bears his name. At one point he nearly lost MAY, 1936 44 part is caused to siap against the sur face of a reservoir of lubricant, creating a "splash." The drops of oil that are thus splashed upward in a more or less haphazard manner ding to the moving parts and find their way to the surfaces that must be lubricated. The method usually serves the purpose very well, although in many casts it has been dis carded in favor of the more scientific pressure lubrication system. Submergence in oil is another modern way in which high speed machinery is lubricated, as, for example, chain drives. Chains, by the way. have had much to do with making industry safer bv largely taking the place of those former open gears that required oil-can lubri cation. In fact the modern so-called "silent chain" is really a gear--an "in ternal gear"--a metal belt containing his life because of incorrect design at tributable to his own ignorance. The engine was not the finished product of today. In its experimental stage it was decidedly unsafe, as is commonly true of so many important developments. The approach to perfection--which of course includes perfect safety--requires much thought, toil, and time. Although iday we have Diesels that seem really i have "arrived," a hundred years hence they will doubtless appear quite ama teurish. But here is a brief outline of the latest Diesel: Entirely enclosed; no visible external moving parts; dust cannot enter; the operator would have difficulty in hurt- A type of device which is replacing the oil can in many establishments. !t is a portable, hand-operated, highpressure lubricator, capable of de veloping a pressure of 51100 pounds per square inch. Handles practically any kind of lubricant. ing himself in any way, even if he tried to do so: entirely automatic and posi tive lubrication; if something goes wrong, the operator is warned by a noise signal. What more could one ask? If a world-wide contest should be con ducted to select the most suitable symbol representative of danger in industry, a simple sketch of an old-fashioned "oil can" would probably win the contest. The oil can has been present at number less maimings and deaths. Many oil cans, if they could talk, could relate in teresting and harrowing stories. Machine designers have given serious thought to the problem of lubrication. As a result the danger element has been rendered almost extinct, even in situa tions precluding the application of lubri cant except through the aid hand oper ated oil can. Take for example the former slowmoving, horizontal, double-acting, re frigerating ammonia compressors. They were "wide open" and required hazard ous hand oiling. They have given way to high speed single-acting vertical types, and lubrication is one of the important reasons for the change in design. The vertical type is easily oiled, automatical ly, and less oil is required. The cylinders and all bearings are cared for by auto matic indicating and pressure lubri cators. The modern compressors also are so completely enclosed that the only visible moving part is the drive shaft which is the connecting link between the driver and the compressor. Operat ing a refrigerating compressor is there fore much safer today. "Splash lubrication" of high speed machinery is now fairly common prac tice. The piston or other reciprocating ''i'.V.l' gpfe- mtrs r/i re/e M'MfMT e~/G, ///*& ( i ro cofl/reoL V.V.l -----C/PMK. c/hS CjCWA'A-CGSC I GM'S Si?,CCSJ O/i i/*> ------ -------- ---, ' rA'/eot/GA'm rej? --- How a 1110,1,-rn l.)ie-el engine i- pre>Mire lubricated. Oil is filtered ai- rap- !y as it U used. gear teeth. These chains are frequently entirely enclosed in a metal box, the sprockets partially submerged in lubri cant. This method of lubrication is satis factory for most commercial speeds. At extremely high speeds, however, the centrifugal force becomes so great that chains have been known to become "dry," even though submerged in lubri cant. Forced lubrication is then adopted --and is effective. Danger to the oper ator, in either case, is negligible. High speed machinery, as a rule, is oil lubricated. Grease lubrication, how ever, is coming into favor because of the improvement in methods of application of grease, and also improvement in the quality of greases available. I believe high speed machinery will therefore be grease-lubricated to a greater extent in the future. Unless true oil film lubri cation can be achieved, which in many cases is impossible, grease lubrication will in most such cases provide a better answer than any drip or forced oil lubri cating method. As a general rule, at the (Please turn to pas,e jj) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS It's Easy to be Safe 25 But accidents still occur with shocking frequency because simple safe guards have not been provided By H. W. GABOR .Veil' Ytirh State Insuranrr i unit rpHE profusion of mechanical safeI guards offered on the industrial market and the ingenuity of modern remodeling methods make it easier to day than ever before for an industrial plant to lie safe. Many companies have found it possible to use men and ma terials already on hand to achieve physi cal safety. Yet insurance carriers constantly re ceive reports of accidents obviously caused by faulty mechanical equipment or unsafe physical environment. In the midst of abundant opportuni ties for mechanical safety many plants have failed to take full advantage of the physical safety measures available. This is especially true in many small plants, where the employer, surveying a hazard which should he corrected, takes the position that he "can't afford it." or that it "can't be done." or that the condition actually is not hazardous "because nobody ever goes there." The program of mechanical safeguard ing must be arranged in the proper se quence to assure its success. The first important consideration is planning the layout of plant equipment. Two factors are involved here. One is the relationship of departments with re spect to operations and processes. This should lie based on the kind of work performed in each department, to assure a smooth production flow from raw ma terial to the finished product without unnecessary handling or rehandling. The second factor is location of equip ment. This should be accomplished to provide for a logical succession of oper ations within a department, to offer ade quate working space around each ma chine, to secure maximum advantage of both natural and artificial illumination without glare, and to permit adequate passageways for transit and for the handling and trucking of material. Power Transmission The importance of power transmis sion in achieving mechanical safety must not be overlooked. If the older type of equipment is used, with steam engine drive through belts, line and jack shafting with hangers, clutches, sprocket and chain drives and sears, a careful examination should be made to determine whether anyone might lie injured by any moving part. Shafting, fast-moving belts and pulleys, and couplings exposed to contact should he enclosed nr barricaded with standard rails, regardless of location. Sprockets, chains and gearing should he effectively encased. If the more modern electric motor drive to a group of machines is used, similar precautions should be taken with motor belts, pulleys and shafting. If the modern, individual machine mo tor drive is used, it will generally be found that the manufacturer has en closed all dangerous moving parts, but this should be checked to make sure. All of this is, of course, elementary. It should be obvious to anyone really interested in making plants physically safe. And yet a monotonous succession of accident reports indicates that many have failed to provide the necessary fac tor of safety in power transmission. Numerous injuries are caused by con tact with moving parts of a machine, yet oftentimes a simple precaution can eliminate the hazard. The application of mechanical belt shifters to machines with cone pulleys has not only obviated injuries formerly caused by shifting belts by hand, but has also resulted in a sav ing in time. .Most moving parts, such as gearing, chains and cams, can be neatly encased with sheet metal enclosures which will constitute protection against deteriora tion as well as a physical safeguard for the worker. A good mechanic will have little difficulty in designing, fabricating and applying effective, inexpensive ma chine guards. Take a good, long look at the points of operation of your machines, the source of the most serious and costly injuries to machine operators in industry. In certain manufacturing classifications point-of-operation accidents aggregate as much as SO per cent of the total cost ot ail injuries. At one time the application and use of safeguards at the point of operation was resisted on the grounds that it could not be done, that it would interfere with the work, that the worker would refuse to use the guard, or that the operator would become so dependent upon the guard as to be injured in the event that the guard failed. It must be admitted that some of the pioneer attempts at point-of-operation guards were more notable for their for midable size and cumbersome operation than for utilitarian value. Since that M A Y. 7*536 26 time, however, these guards have been modified that in many eases they ve become integral parts of the ma chines, and their operation has become a logical step in the job process. The mechanical safeguarding of wood working machines is highly important, because of the high operating speed of such equipment, the fast moving parts and the keen cutting action. All parts on which someone may be injured should be effectively guarded, but particularly the points of operation of such machin ery as circular saws, band saws, jointers, molders, planers, shapers and similar equipment, where one small slip may mean a serious cut or dismemberment. There are very few operations on ma chines that cannot be effectively safe guarded without interfering with the operation, if the guards are properly designed, applied and maintained, and if the operator of the machine is properly trained in their use. In many small shops that do not qualify for credits under the compensa tion insurance rating plans because of limited payroll, we find hazardous ma chinery being operated in an unguarded condition, especially at points of opera tion. The guarding of such machines in ese cases may not qualify for credits. at it is certain that unguarded punch presses and circular saws can chop off fingers just as effectively and quickly in a small shop as in the large plant, where compensation credits prevail. In many shops the employer has had machine guards constructed by his own employees. Many such appliances have been devised by foremen or employees. These are particularly effective from the psychological standpoint, for whatever the design or material, if a guard is made by an employee who is thus given an opportunity to display his own ingenuity and skill, this guard will generally be blessed with a long life of effective use because of the local pride in achievement. Hazards Classified Any program of mechanical safe guarding should be planned to encom pass all types of hazardous exposures. Here are the principal classifications: 1. Prime Movers. Boilers -- the proper operation of safety and blow-off valves and similar equipment incidental to the boiler; engines--their flywheels, shafting, cranks, mov ing governor parts and other revolving or re ciprocating units; motors--pulleys and belts, d chain drives. 2. Transmission'. Shafting, pulleys, belts, dutches, couplings, gearing, sprockets and chains, set serews and um other resolving parts. 3. Machinf Drives. Belts, pulleys, chains, shafts or other fast mos ing dris'e devices. Plate glass shields are provided for these grinding wheels but the sign warns operators that goggles must be worn. -I. Machine Parts. Belts, shafting, sproc kets, chains, cams, and gearing of all kinds. 3. Points of Operation. Every dangerous operating point should be effectively guarded where there is any cutting, punching, forming, squeezing, sawing or shaping process during which the hands or fingers of the operator may be caught and injured, 6, Elevators. Whether passenger or freight, these should have safe doors or gates at the hoistway entrance; a safe enclosure for hoist way and car; a signal system; and car control. All exposed machine moving parts, including the counterweight, should be effectively safe guarded. 7, Cranes and Other Hoisting Equip ment. Dangerous parts should be enclosed or guarded. .All overhead cranes should be equip ped with a limit stop device to prevent over running. 8, Mechanical Exhaust Systems for re moval of dust, gases and fumes. These should have wire screens over fans and other moving parts with which contact might be made. Information on methods of safeguard ing equipment is available to every em ployer from his insurance carrier, who maintains a corps of trained engineers for that purpose, or from the National Safety Council, which is equipped to give the same service. Information re garding requirements uf the labor law may be obtained from state departments of labor or from industrial commissions. Manufacturers of safety equipment and devices have, through many years of careful research, developed machine guards, principally for points of opera tion, which function very efficiently when properly applied and maintained. These manufacturers have been uniform ly prompt and considerate in furnishing information when requested. No program of safeguarding is com plete without proper provision for the maintenance of the guards. These guards are subjected to considerable use and sometimes abuse. That many of them survive as long as they do is an indica tion of the durability of the material and quality of the workmanship in their construction. Such equipment, whether of wood or metal, must be given care and mainte nance equal to that expended on other mechanical devices. Indeed, unless they are properly maintained, the employer who purchased them or ordered their construction is losing money on his in vestment. The relationship of mechanical safe guarding and accident costs has not been emphasized as much as it deserves. It is universally recognized that acci dents which occur on mechanical equip ment develop a high severity, frequently are lost-time cases and may result in a schedule loss of a finger or a hand. Con sequently such accidents are among the most expensive injury cases in industry. The average direct cost of compensable accidents in New Vark State is about $400. From this it is possible to obtain some idea of the dollar value of prevent ing the occurrence of such injuries by ap plying and maintaining effective me chanical safeguards, especially at dan gerous points of operation. These safe guards should be regarded as instru ments of economy. In preparing for a program of mechan ical safeguarding it is well to give care ful consideration to the important psy chological factors involved. The most important one is the department fore man who Is held accountable for injuries to employes under his supervision and control. He may have some ideas of constructive value which he will be glad to express upon request. If the foreman has a part in the program for mechanical safeguarding, it will doubtless be suc cessful; but if he is denied the recogni tion which he thinks he should enjoy by reason of his position and responsibility, the program will be handicapped at the start and may soon founder. Many acci dent prevention programs, including those for safeguarding equipment, have languished and died principally because of the apathy of a department foreman who did not feel he was an integral part of the .safety program in the plant. Place the responsibility upon the fore man for the safety of those under his control, but also ask him for his sug gestions on accident prevention. The human element is still the most powerful force upon which a program may be founded. Given the opportunity, your foreman will doubtless rise to the emer gency. (Please turn to pa$e 32) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 27 A Columnist Rides the Cab And understands why engineers get gray before their time Howard Vincent O'Brien, whose who was at the throttle. A. C. Jungden, column, "All Things Considered," the factory representative, stood on one is one of the popular features of side of me, explaining things, and George the Chicago Daily Neivs, con fesses that he has always had a craving to blow a locomotive whistle. Recently his ambition was realized when he was invited by the Illinois Centrai_Railroad to ride its new streamliner, The Green Diamond, from Chicago to St. H. Danver, traveling engineer of the Springfield division, was helpful on the other. In practically no time at all, thanks to the counsel of these experts, I was an old-timer, pulling away at the whistle cord and bellowing "clear block" as the Louis. This description of the trip open signals flashed by. is reprinted in part from the Daily One gets some new ideas of the world .Wirs of April 7.--The Editor. from the cab of a high-speed locomotive. And one gets a little pessimistic about the human race. At least half a dozen xcept in spots it wasn't a par times during the ride motorists slipped E ticularly fast run -- not much across iust in front of us, only to halt faster, on the average, than one on the far side and gape at the passing can go in a trailer. But it was certaintlryain. cleaner and quieter and smoother than any ordinary train ride. In the Wink of an Eye This train is the all-of-a-piece type-- It became easier to understand why "articulated'' is the technical word. It it is that in something like half the grade is made of steel throughout but weighs crossing accidents the motor car hits less than the old-style equipment. It the train! It was easier to understand, cost dose to half a million dollars, but also, why an engineer's trick at the the 1,200 - horsepower Diesel engine throttle is only two or three hours, it burned only about $7 worth of fuel oil is nerve-wrecking work. on the 300-mile trip here. If automobile drivers were obliged to My fun came when I was allowed to take a ride in the cab of a locomotive go up in the cab with Jack Clarke, travel they would be more careful to stop, look ing engineer of the Chicago division, and listen. A 250 -ton mass of steel, and stand behind Tom (``Slim'') Scott, hurtling through the air at 100 miles an hour, is almost as inevitable as fate. It can be stopped, but not quickly. At that speed it covers something like ISO feet in the winking of an eye. There should, of course, be no grade crossings. But, since there are, the wise thing is to hold everything if there is a train so much as in sight. This might waste a little time, and would be bad for the hospital business; but there would be fewer widows and orphans, and fewer engineers with shattered nerves. Clear Block Ahead! A ride in a locomotive brings home the fact that we have gone far beyond de pendence on our individual senses. The engineer does not even pick his track. Signals, operated by unseen hands, tell him where to go, and how fast. Every few miles the fireman holds out his hand and picks up written orders. Not for an instant is the train out of guidance. It proceeds every foot of the way by carefully worked-out calculation. When the engineer cries "clear block ahead!" and the fireman echoes "clear block ahead," it is as nearly clear ahead as tested machinery and a great number of agile human minds can make it. When the speedometer needle.crept up to 100,1 confess that I thought some what of defective switches and broken rails, and reflected that, since this was a test run, my life insurance would carry no double benefit. But this dismal mood soon passed, and my soul grew calm in its faith in the green lights. I was sorry when I gave the crossing signal for the last time and said farewell to those cool, sturdy men. the knights of the throttle. MAY. 1936 WHAT EVERY ENGINEER DREADS An entire family of twelve, consist ing of Marion McBride, his wife and their ten children, lost their lives in this grade crossing crash at Grabill, Indiana, on the afternoon of January 24, 1936. A dirt-road crossing can be just as dangerous as one on a main highway. 28 The Safety Exchange 'A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT" Collapsible Manhole Guard Is Easily Made This collapsible man - hole guard is made of ordinary conduit piping and assembled in one piece. It can be folded flat, easily transported, and is-adjustable. The guard here shown has special feet for a particular type of man-hole: how ever, slight changes in design make the guard applicable for any man-hole. The guard was developed by the United States Kngineersat Rock Island, Illinois. The ideas presented here have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method send in a description, with illustration, if possible. These devices are home-made and are not available commercially Safety Racks Keep Quarry Cars Out of Crusher To prevent the trucks of man cars in quarries tipping and falling into the stone crusher when dumping, this safety rack was developed. Heavy angle iron extends over the truck wheels of the cars, so that when the car is tipped, there is no way in which it can fall. Before the j. E. Baker Company, York, Pa., developed this safety rack, there was constant danger that a car would fall into the crushe-, pulling a man with it. A Useful Holder for Warning Tags The "hold-off" card holder illustrated, is made of fibre and copper wire, it holds the card in an upright position, is easy to attach, and will not allow the card to be blown away. It is used by the West Penn Power Company. Blue Prints Aid Drivers In Avoiding Accidents Employees of the Nova Scotia Light and Power Company report to the Engi neering Department any accident haz ards which have become chronic along their routes. An engineer then makes a trip to the spot and sketches the situa tion. A blue-print is made of the hazard, and instructions for avoiding accidents at the particular spot are printed on the blue-print. The car operators, even though they are more or less familiar with the dangers along their route, are warned of the hazards and put more definitely on their guard. Cleaning Rack Prevents Burns To prevent burns to workers cleaning articles in chemical baths, the Corduroy Rubber Company, Grand Rapids, Mich., devised this wooden rack. .Articles to be cleaned are placed in the rack, which is raised, then lowered into the cleaning bath by a hoist. This eliminates the necessity of handling any material on which chemicals may remain. The work man can stand away from the bath while material is being submerged and is subject to little danger from splashing chemicals. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS iTt'ORwMUKmCtrK#rS':, 'At V7 / Block Prevents Round Stock Rolling Off Trucks To prevent cylindrical objects from bumping together, or rolling off trucks, set them in a notched block, such as illustrated. The objects are held firmly, and the danger of breakage is reduced. There is also less danger of an object rolling off and injuring a workman. 29 sicks Must Keep Back life Others Are Loading This warning sign is used by the ociated Oil Company at San Praniff California, to warif trucks to stop ack 100 feet from the loading platform Be other trucks are in the process of Bhg. The danger here is that a spark the truck coming up to the ioadpiattorm might ignite the vapor of oil or gasoline being put into the ick already at the loading platform, sign is of simple construction and I lasily made. The upright is made of old four-inch iron pipe, and the sign ith the lettering on it is made of scrap heet steel. # 3re Sheet Easily (ept Up to Date A safety score sheet that is easily kept tip to date has been devised by the Hudnn Coal Company, Scranton. E'a. The sheet shows the all-time record and also the number of days worked since the Hast lost time accident. It is made of heavy cardboard, and the numoeis. "Which are separate pieces, are inserted r him tabs cut into the poster. It is Now-- Third Wheel Improves Two-Wheel Truck The truck shown in the accompany ing illustration has three wheels instead of the customary two. The extra wheel makes turning easier, especially sharp turns, and takes considerable weight off the operator's hands. The barrel is held in place hy n metal strap, and rests on an iron bracket. Safety Belts Are Seamen's Friends The accompanying photograph shows a seaman using a Lykes Life Belt, de signed by the Lykes Bros., Ripley Steam ship Company. Each vessel is supplied with a suitable number of belts, and under no condition is a seaman allowed to go over the side for painting, scaling, or other work until equipped with a life belt. When a man reaches the boat swain's chair, or staging from which he is to work, the line on the belt is hauled up and made fast on deck fitting, allow ing only sufficient slack in the line to permit him freedom in his work. The life belt is also used where men are sent into deep tanks or other compartments of this nature where there is danger of Htstaining a fall. Sign Warns When Road Is Closed for Repairs This road sign is used in the refinery areas to close the roads for traffic when there may lie danger of fire or explosion while repair operations are in progress in the refinery. The sign is used by the Associated Oil Company, San Francisco, ( aiif. Working Days ,, . Since the Last | LOST TIME ` ACCIDENT in This Section , j ' Former Record-- 73 BE SAFE--NOT SORRY may, 7936 Sleeve Guards Cover Pinch Point These leather sleeve guards were de igned in the Sanford Mills. Sanford. --------w . ' ' -" -^ v", Maine, to cover up the pinch point be tween the two rolls on a warper through which the cloth passes. The leather is stitched, and cut to lit rolls of any size so Safety Instruction Cards AFETY Instruction Cards, one of S the most popular services ever of fered by the National Safety Coun cil, are being published again after a lapse of several months. Many new cards are being compiled, and several of the old cards are being revised. The list will be expanded to cover a representative number of sub jects in all industrial fields. Miniature reproductions of 12 cards added to the list during the current month are published herewith. The cards contain a wealth of practical safety information, condensed into the most compact form--clear, readable and easily understood. They cover special ized information which is so specific that it is not readily adapted to bulletin board or poster use. The cards may be distributed to ad vantage among operating executives, foremen and workmen. Members are in vited to submit suggestions for new sub jects. Subject No* Acid and caustic pipe lines, opening _ flanged joints ................................. --......... H" Acid, sulphuric--handling ..... ................... 242 Acid tanks, repairing ............................. 524 Cleaning out large tanks ............. 293 Air hoist operation ............................. --.--142 Aprons, protective ..... .................................--228 Artificial respiration ....................... ..,165 Auto tires, inflation ........................................208 Axe, how to handle ..........................................191 Babbitt, pouring ........... 139 Belt, to put on a pulley ................... S Removing from pulley .............................,,193 Bicycles ............ -............. 241 Boiler gage glasses, replacing ................. 103 Boxes and crates, shipping ........................ 206 Bricks, how to pile .......................................... 242 Broken glass, how to dispose of ...........244 Cable Clamps ....... .....-......................... ; 36 Carboys, safe handling ........................195, 224 Carpenters .............................................. --127 Carrying long materials on shoulders..., 39 Case hardening with cyanide ................... 133 Chain links, nooks, eastings--detecting flaws in ....................................*.......... ....... 3 Chains, safe loads for ....................... -....... - 63 Determining need for annealing nr normalizing ...................... -................ -~~267 Safe? use of ........ ......................................... ....151 Chemical laboratory practices . ....... ....... 207 Chemicals, protection against .................... 42 Cleaning machine parts .............................. 137 Clothing for machinists ............... 230 For cold weather ........... "69 For men ........................................................... $3 For women ................................ Cold chisel, cutter or punch head, 84 proper shape for ...................... 28 Compressed air--practical jokes .............287 Couplings, link and pin ................................ 46 Crane and hoist operators, advice to ..... 58 Crane Signals ............................. ...................... Cranes, locomotive (steam driven) ........ 295 Crushed hands, avoiding ................................. 53 Dog Bites, to avoid Drill press operators Driving long rods ............... ...... .................... . 21 Driving vehicles, attention to driving_209 Backing ...................................... ................ -198 Braking distances .............. ...................--216 Checking before starting ........................225 Choosing routes .....-- ................... .--.--.251 Courtesy in driving .......,,....... ..................275 General suggestions ......... -............ ...170 Parking .......... .235 Setting out flares ........ 292 Speed control .............................................,...186 Stopping on highway at night ....... .....260 What to do in case of accident ............ 183 Drums, handling ...................--............... 44, 132 Dust explosions, preventive measures,,..239 Electric arc welding................................. 68 Electric line work, safety lines ....------96 Electric motors, starting ........................... 60 Electric wires, safe carrying capacity.... 13 Electricians ...............................--..................-.,128 Elevators, inspection and repair .........104 Advice to operators ........................ 41 Freight elevator inspection ....................271 Eves, care of ............................ ..--............... 113 Eye protection, making goggles comfortable ........ ............................ .............162 Keeping goggle lenses clean ..................245 Explosives, storage .......-.............................. ,118 Opening dynamite case ............................. 157 Preparing blast with cap and fuse,.... 294 Explosive vapor, removing from drum,,..171 Extension cord, fastening plug to ......... 26 Falling objects ...................................................163 Falls, general ....... 161 Things to look out for ............................ 185 Fire, to put out clothing ....................... 23 What to do in case of............................ ... 122 Fire extinguisher, soda acid ...................... 17 One-quart pump type ................................. IS Checking for winter ............... ....264 Fire fighting, electrical hazards ..............247 Fire prevention, inspection check list....237 First Aid, acid and caustic burns ............. 75 Artificial respiration ............... ..--,.,...165 Burns ..... 196 Carbon Monoxide ....................................,,..115 Emergency stretchers ........... ,,..252 Fractures ................. .-...211 Frost bite ...................... .,,..145 Minor injuries ....................................... ........233 Simple tourniquet ........... 73 Transporting a patient ...........173, 261,073 Where to apply pressure to stop bleeding .............. ..149 Flammable liquids, storing ............. 226 Flash points .......... --..... .................................. 265 Fumigating with cyanides .. ,..... 217 Fuses, removing and replacing ............... 274 Garage mechanics ...................................... 82 Gas leaks ............. .... ........................... ............iso Safety Instruction Cards are printed on white card stock, 3 by 5 inches, slightly heavier than gov ernment postcards, in any quan tity the price is one cent per card (all of one kind or selection) with a minimum order of 25 cents. Stamps or cash may be sent with order, or an invoice will be ren dered. The order should specify "Safety Instruction Cards," and give the numbers of the cards selected. Gas masks, identification of canisters,...212 To test for air-tight fit ____ _______ 97 Gas welding--cylinders - 99 Gas and oil furnaces, lighting burners.,166 Gases, explosive ranges ...... ...... --............-.290 Gasoline blow torches ............... 76 Gasoline engines, cranking .........................190 Going to and from work ............................... 158 Grinding wheels, to check peripheral .speeds ......................... 10 Grinding wheels, mounting on spindles,. 50 Flange dimensions ........................-69, 66, 81 Safe operation ....................................... -...-102 Making ring test ............................ 10S Guards, use of .......................... 150 Hair, protection ................................ 238 Hammer heads, fitting to handles ........ 6 Hammer hints ..................................... 31 Hand protection, discs for .......................... 33 Hand saw, how to start ......... 123 Hand tools ............................................................ 35 Sharpening ............... 192 Hand truck, two-wheel ........ 126 Four-wheel push truck ...... 156 Health, general suggestions .................... 141 Colds ............ Headaches ,,.....--................ Vacation hints ............................. 125 152 221 Heat exhaustion ....................................... 57, 197 Home hazards ..................................................... 129 Hooks, hand ........................................................ 71 Horse, a well designed ............................ 2 Horses, suggestions for handling ........... 172 Horseplay .............................................................154 Flours of danger ................................................. 256 Housekeeping, inspection list ................. 29 Salvaging materials ................ 179 Icicles .................. 121 [ce slipping hazards ............... 107 ice tongs ........................................................ 236 Inattention ....... -...........................................177 Jacks, safe use of ............................................ 93 Janitors, sweepers and cleaners ...... 134 Kite flying .............. .............................. 40 Knives ................................................ 14.-4 Knot, underwriters .......................................... 9 Knuckle guards for truck* and wheelbarrows ..................... 24s Ladders, safe angles for .............. 16 Carrying ........ 202 Climbing ..... 51 Extension .................................... 178 Step ladders ....... -.................... ................... 262 Lathes, all-purpose metal-working ..... su Lead poisoning, protection ... ............ 116 Lifting---aafe methods ................................. 55 Linemen, care of leather equipment ......2S8 Linemen's climbers, to sharpen ......... 22 Live wires, to free person from ...... --,,ls9 Manila rope ......................................................... 72 Care when not in use ................................ 14 Care of .............................................. ...... 106, 203 Testing in the fieid ..................................... 231 Maintenance and repair men .............. 79, 259 Safe clothing ................................................... 253 Making safety suggestions ........................ 109 Masons, brick ............................ 135 Stone ............... --220 Matches ........ *......................................... -182 Monkey wrenches ............................................204 Motormen and conductors .................. 48 Nalls, how to start .......................................... 153 New employees, helping ................... lul Nitrous fumes ............................. 219 Office accident causes .................................. 77 Oil storage tanks, cleaning ....................... TO Oilers, advice to ............. 74 Oiling machinery ............ ....147 (Please turn to page 32) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS SAFETY COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN Hold regular committee meetings, see that all mombare attend, and always consider thata and athar Kami: a. Minuta* of fait meeting. b. Reports #f recant acci dents. c. Rapart* and recommen dation* of safety inspector. 4. Discussion by committao member*. 1. Committee mombon should determine |from cident report*) tho causes of all accidonts, If additional facts are noodod, tocuro thorn by poreonal interview with tho foreman of depart* mant *horo accident occurred. 3. Have accident analytes and summaries made up and from thoia determine tho outstanding heiardt of tho various deportment!. Report there findings, with your recommendation*, to tho management 4. Hove your committee discuss tho inspector's reports on unsofe conditions end proctices; if his recommendations ore approved, mate proper disposition of them. $. Encourage committeemen to report their own observations. i, All recommendations not complied with should be discussed at each meeting. No recommenda tion should bo set aside untd it has b**n decided that it is impractical, ji SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 296 MACHINE SHOP WORKERS - 1. Keen floors free of teats and unnecessary mate rials' teep o-iitt end ponageays dear. S. Pvt oily waste and oil flammable materials In the metal cant presided. J When lifting heavy ebiects, squat, Seep bach pngM, lift with tha legs, tending avir msy 4 flid.ng m crane hooht er chains, and on trucks <fA.r<NS a dangerous }, keep eu! from under all suspended troth, 4, Climbing ever piles ef material leads ta (alls $3l: SAfiTY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 299 TIPS TO THE NEW EMPLOYEE We ate flying te work tofely m 9ur plant, and < ait yen' help and ca-operetian in following s*ely suggest.ons i lefore starting ny machine, he iure you under stand its operation and how ta do the wars i. See that alt guards are in ptace 0* net rerrovo any guard er make any safety device 1. Wear goggles end the ether protective cleth-ng necenery on your tab 4 1`ovr clothing should fit inygfy. Loose er ragged garments, (tow. mg ties, and jewelry are easily caught in machinery. $, Follow safe practices You -(( never be eipected to do any job eif-ai-ng yew to danger, presid ing tha wart it dana in proper rrusnner. Coniult w.th your super nor on any job that appears ta Dare dangerous elements, 4. Deport ta your lupe'iitar any unsafe or unsanitary condition yaw may notice about the plant A* by went to removing make e.erything theCAUSHel Oscacfei dents- tow ,an help* mISAF4TY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 302 MAY. 1936 MILLING MACHINE OPERATORS Many injuries occur on meHinf machines. It s not always practical ta guard tho point of oper ation. When tho cutter is unguarded be doubly careful. 1. Keep oK guards in place when machine is running. 2. Mote sure that cutter end arbor are secure. 3. See that tho wart Is clamped securely 4. Ghect speeds and feeds. 5. Keep hands away from wart when machine k cunning, 4, Avoid cuts end ether passible injuries by using a brush ta remove chips. ?. Wear snugly fitting ciothing; loose garments are easily caught in machinery. 0, Keep Roar about the machine tieen end free from objects that might cause a faR, t. Keep your mind on the job. 10. If you are net sure about the sofa procedure, ASK YOUR FOREMAN. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 297 ELECTRIC TRUCK OPERATION 1. Before starting wort, inspect truck thoroughly*-- broket, electric controls, tires, guards, etc. 2. If ia need of repair, do not operate, report to your supervisor or Use proper repair deportment. 3. Qperote the truck with care and only for tho purpetes intended. 4. Observe ad plant traffic rules for Ike safety of employees and equipment. 5 Sound horn, reduce speed and proceed with cav* lioa when entering or leaving buildings, end when parting doorways, entrances, as.ti, corneri, and passageways. 6, P4e toads securely and so that view ahead is vnobstructed, 7, leiere storting be sure others are in Use clear, Do not start with a jerk which may spiff toad, 8, Always keep truck under centre*; bo ready to stop quietly a any emergency. 9, Use estre core when becking. 10 Permit no one to ride with you on truck or load, ff. When leaving truck, remove control handle: if yeo wdt be absent long remove cut-out plug, ;*$ OTHER DRIVERS' MISTAKES You can often prerent traffic accident by o courteous or generous action when the ether fells* has mode o mutate t When hstfin l. la prepared tor the driver who l* et to rue tho yeifew' at the Hop l-ght, 1 When o driief trie* le pass you end misjudges She space available, drop bock and tel him into If an approaching driver, in passing other cars, bus difficulty in getting bock into his en fane, stew down tor him. f--fti. Nearly but! of aft leafT-- totalities m a pedes- lyjr.t SAFErr instruction card No. 303 31 METAL PLANER OPERATORS At start of each shift, be* fare switching an power, see that all guards ore in puce. If any adjust ment or repair <s necessary, stop tho mechine. J, See that taal* and matertols ore tightly damped. 4, When removing or sotting tool, stop tho ma chine and shut off power. I, When loosening tool holders, hold tool with one hand or place a support under it. A, Hove planer idle when adjusting length of "bed" strata. Never ride tho "bod." 7, Leaving took of any hind under tho "bod" is oitremefy hasordous. 8, Use a brush (not hands) to remove chips; toep chips off "ways'1, ' Roar' and "bod" of planer. 9, Wear goggles and stand out of the lino of Dying chips. 10. Wear snugly fitting ciothing; taose garments are easily caught >o machinery. 11. If not sure about tho safe procedure, ASK (OUR FOREMAN. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 298 BUILDING WRECKERS %. Mate lure that gas. electr.dty and water art shvt off 2, In handling material tram upper fleers, ole cere ta protect alt persons btiaw. ), Never threw (imberi er ether ebiects irem upper (lean 4 St* that timbers ore lowered uv.it ee not verioad motenai chutes, place warning signs at chute ends 5, 0* net Stand neor the discharge end * er chute. 4, le watchful of failing ejects. 7, Use me mokeshift support; be sure that each (odder has alt rungs in good repair. 5. Moke sure (hot any tem porary staging or plat term N safety constructed Tor (he teed it h intended to carry 0, On net isore beards with f-retri/ding neiit oreund CsifMty piie them with 14. Wear gaggles, heavy seied shaes, heavy glares, nd sleut garments It, Piece tanfrt to pvoterf others from flying debris 1^^) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 301 CUTTING OILS and COMPOUNDS (Skin Troubles) Operators who work with cutting oils and com pounds may bo troubled with rath, pimples, or bods, ,i (hoy permit tho skin to become plugged with dirt end oil. t. Before beginning wort, both in the morning and after iufleh, wash hands and arms with soap and warm watof- 2. Whan quitting work, both ot naan and night, scrub hands ir.H arms thoroughly with coup, warm water and a soft brush, 3, After each washing, and scrubbing, rub the flesh with vasotine, tanofin, or other ointment to prevent chapping. 4. Keep an individual soft brush and soft towel for yuur own use, A*uirf hard or stiff brushes. 5. Do not wipe tho hands with -aste; motol par ticle* on tho flash or in tho waste may scratch 6. Hove your working clothes laundered of feast 7. f?et first aid promptly for all cuts and icratchas. S, Report to your foreman at the fust s-gn af skin irritation. 9. Never permit anyone to spit in the oil pans or reservoirs, or contaminate the cutting fluid *n any way. ,: SAFfTY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 304 32 CARE of GAS MASKS (Canister Type) t, Road end bs*rv* ar*fully lh* mano{a<turr * initrvctiont. 2, Any moil hot b**n ut4 null bt cfan*a, inipectad ond pr*por*d for ut# again bofero if t& tlof*4. 2, Cloen lb* moik by thoroughly wiping it with a damp doth ond l*t it dry bcforo putting it into 4. Do not fold or <raoi th* matt imprepnrly whon putting it awoy, 5. Stor* mail* in a cool dry pEac*. Rubbor doforioratti from tho oction of light and air; fabric dftrriorairi if oltowod to romain moist, 4. St* that th* now caniitor contoint oiaetty what i4 regcirtd for prottction ogoinst th* specific hoiord to bo oncounUrod, 7. N*v*r vs* a canister thot hos b*en totursf#J with moisture. I. Motts ond coimUri should bo ostomb!*d for thorough intpoction at featl one* vfy two w**ts. INSTRUCTION CARD No. 305 MACHINE OPERATORS 1- tutor* btglnninf * ny r*b |<l ip*cht (ntrudiani from yowr l*rtmon. J, $* that ad guards ar* m ptac* fcitof* itorting morhln*. 1. using hantft *r body at a Wot* I# slop moving machine port It hatattfaut, rin *hn th* p*wtr hot btn cut *ft, 4, 0 not shift moving bnill by hand. Si A**4 oiting, e^iuitirg nr rtpaoing motfontry (ho! it in motron. t, Rtpnrt otl **td*4 rtpoirt, Mat* n* rtpain yowntft unltit t*W to do to by your ior.'nan. 7, Ittor* storting repairs on any madiin*. b* * lb* power H oft, ond mat* tvr* thot ;h* power wM remom oft ond machine w*i nt iter! uti you hov* completed th* jnb. I, When chsr,|:ng such mochin* ports os tC* piotes or chwcit on iathei, it ft dngtrovi I* ti Wear snugly Pitting clothing; loos* garments or* osfty caught in machinery, Vceor gggtot end pratedir* Clothing speci fied tor the !, It In doubt but th* sot* ApSc#Kt oYdOu *U#*, fOtlMAN SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No, 306 PUNCH PRESS GUARDS funch pr*ttt can fa* guardd far ANY apratian, Th* fetfowing check list will luggait a practical guard, 1, Mechanical feeding device, with paint of oper ation iiafotcd, 2, Minimum plunger trv#t. ^ inch ar i*s, 10 that opratar t fingers cannot enter danger tone, 2. Caver, barricade ar enclosure which prevents operator from placing hands botween dins. 4, Hrnd control device, preferably two-handed devK*; replacing the foot treadle and keeping operators hands busy while the plunger it in motion, 5. A device to prevent or interrupt movement of plunger it a part of operator's boot is in danger 6, A device that iN pull or push operator's hands out of danger son# as the press is tripped. jp) N . 307(ijJ safety instruction Caro o Safety Instruction Cards (Continued from page jo) Painters, brush-- lead poisoning ............... 239 Pens and pencils 272 Personal safety check list ............... 181 Picks .................................. -................................... 176 Piling materials, general ,,...........................140 Bags of cement .............................................. 249 In process near machines ............. ......,,..266 f`ipe titters ........................................... 215 Yipe lines, blanking off ............................ --100 ?ipe wrench, safe use of ...............................188 Piping systems, identification of ............ 20 Pneumatic hammers and chisels ............ 52 Poison ivy ............... 30 Poison oak and poison sumac ................... 64 pob-w dismantliner fh tVrt ivi* 4169 Testing before climbing ....................... _232 porta me extension lamps ........... .. 07 Posture .............................................. 00 power press operators, advice to ..... 03 Power trucks, operation of ..... 43 Push tools for jointers ami saws ....... ,, 3S Rescue work, broken ice ...................... .. 25* Resuscitation, .see oriifirinl rfspiraiintt Roll scraper ffor Heuniim power- driven rolls) ......................................... -- 34 Rope knots ami hitches ............... 2'P\ 222, 246 Rope hitches and slings ......................... 1,210 Rope, protecting from chemicals .....----- 62 Rope* and block sixes ............ ...... ........ v\ Ropes, safe loads for ................ ........... 47 Rubber gloves, care oi ........ 214 To test for leaks .... ... ......... 4 hktwsj circular--don'ts ......................... (iperatmg speeds ................. .... Saws, cross-cut--how to carr\ Hand, how to use ............................ .Swing cut-off ........ Scaffold planks, identifying ... ... Safe loads for . ........... How to test .......................................... Scaffolds, suspended ............................ Screw driver ............................-............... Sheaths for sharp pointed tools .Shoes, safety .. ......... ........................ Shoring trenches ................................ Skidding cylindrical objects ......... Slings, angles ami capacity .............. Sling chain hooks .................. Snakebites ................................................ - Soldering ..... ................................ ........ Spray ennting, general precautions Prevention of tires ..................... *......... Stacking cylindrical objects ........... Scissors and shears ............................... Spiders, "black widow ` ...... .......... Stacking pipe and round bars Stairways, ramps and fixed ladders Stairways, how to use ........................ Step ladders ..... .......... .............. 54 ..254 ..194 f Pt 1 2i ..1*4 ..234 ..167 .. U .. 2 4 ..irn* ..2ul ..164 ...040 ,.114 ..146 Storerooms andstuckrooniH .......... ,...13u Suggestions, safety, making .. ......................iuu Sunburn ................ 199 Sunstroke ............................... 56 Tackle, lifting capacity of i wooden shell blocks with manila rope* 61, 69{ Mi Lifting capacity of isteel shell blocks with wire ropei ....................My 95 Tank curs, loading flammable liquids ... Su opening dome eovern ... ....... : J2 Pnloading acids ..... .... 94 Unloading tlammable liuuids ... .......105 "That tired feeling5* ....................................... ,168 Thawing frozen pipes ... 131 Timbers, setting in mines ..... 27 Toolkecpei s ...... ... 4 36 Tools, portable **leetrir .. !*! Tree foiling ............... 218 Tree trimming .................. . 205 Warning' signs, colors to use H2 Location ............................. .... ...160 Style of lettering ...................... 119 Watchmen, suggestions for ....... , 35 Water, life saving ................ 223 Weights of materials, drv materials ..138 Liquids .......... Wheelbarrow, how to bandit* 213 ..,,187 Wind force -270 Window' cleaning, safety belts .......... 92 prom ladders ..110 Window giass, carrying ... ...155 Wire rope, how to lubricate 98 Putting nii a seixlnu 268 Safe loads 2*13 f.'neoiltng and unn eliiu* 49 When to discard ...... ..... ... 19 Working beneath a r 25 Worry MS Wrenches, usi* of 111 Correspondence SAFETY LADDERS Chicago--`The writer has read ,ui article in the March National Safety News and found it ot much interest. There are, however, several points which contradict to some extent the rules as laid down in the American Standard Safety Code tor Construction, Care and Use or Ladders which waj, finally approved April 11, 10.48. One of these points is a comparison between open boring and blind boring ut side rails. You lay stress on the tact the ' preference seems1' to be tor the blind boring where the tenon does not extend through the side rail. There may be some good points relative to this, but there are just as many, it not more, reasons why this is detrimental. When a ladder rung goes only partially through the side rail, the rail is smooth and solid on the outside, .Although some engi neers claim that this method strengthens the side tail, the additional strength is practically negligible. The bad part of blind boring is the fact that when ladders are left outdoors or in damp storage the rungs absorb a certain amount of moisture. The ends being covered by the side tail, they have less opportunity of drying out than when the tenon extends through the side fail. You can realize that when a tenon lung Mans to decay the situation is very serious, In this article it was nor mentioned that open boring permits visual inspection at all times, Fmthermnre, with the blind boring method, a driving fit ut the tenon cannot be ob tained, In blind boring there is also the pos sibility or the tenon not extending far enough into the side tail. As for hand-split mngs being uiperioi to machine-turned rungs, we should like to ask in what manner, provided the machine-turned rung has an equally straight grain? Quite often m a hand-split rung the spacing of tread is not equal. This is not the case with a straight gram machine - turned rung. This variation may range from a very slight fraction of an inch to pretty near a full inch, Where the variation is great a hazard exists, particularly in descending. Under the paragraph of "Inspection and Maintenance," you bring out very strongly that it is hard to detect rot of tenons. This, it would seem, would leave the preference for open boring. N*. F. Borgaard, Pi ohctiie Equipment, Inc. NATIONAL SAFETY \E\YS After a thorough investigation of the evidence for and against at the eiose of the hist period of acceptance, the Council on Pharmacy and Chem istry of the American Medical Association has again reaeeepted (1935) MERCUROCHROME. H. W. & D. (Dihrom-0fUMereuri-r1uQrtsceiii`#odiutn) | me o s r*r orr. I 2% SOLUTION T M W A ft IftAHDOr | WuoHeQmU c0iIwTMsot*oCnU/Hl CEHERAl ANTISEPTIC IFOR FIRST AID I WESTCOTT & DUNNINS* Baltimore, mo IROMPT care is important in preventing infected Pwounds. Even minor wounds may become infected when antiseptic treatment is delayed. (Dibrnm-oxymercuri-flimresrem-Hodinm) is non-irritating and exerts bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in wounds. Industrial injuries are reported more promptly when Mercurochrome is the clinic antiseptic, because treatment is not painful. Be prepared with Mercurochrome for the first aid care of all minor wounds. In more serious cases, a physician shoidd be consulted. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC. u Industrial Health A Non-Technica! Symposium for Physicians and Laymen Industrial Dermatitis By OSCAR L. LEVIN, M.D. Dennutoloytst, Setu i ovk City HE most common occupational skin Tdisease is dermatitis. It may be de fined as an inflammation of the skin which is characterized by certain signs and symptoms. It has been estimated that skin re actions may be caused by more than 700 substances used in industry. Xo occu pation is exempt from dermatitis. The Industrial Bulletin of the New York State Labor Department for June. 1934, stated that of 692 claims heard on the oc cupational disease calendar in New York City during 1933. 461 were for skin diseases. According to relative frequency of occurrence, the industries listed were: (1) Food: (2) Trades, domestic and personal service; (3) Fur. leather and ivory; (4) Metals and machinery; (5) Clothing and millinery; (6) Public serv ice; (7) Building trades and chemicals. A more detailed account is contained in the Industrial Bulletin for August, 1934. Since any substance with which the skin comes in contact may be a direct or local cause, the list of possible irritants would include practically every sub stance used in all occupations. How ever, the causative agents differ greatly in their effect upon the skins of different individuals, both with regard to the type of lesion produced and to the in tensity of the reaction. The direct exciting agents may be classified as follows: t. Physical Agents. such us light, cold, thermal, actinic, roentgen and radium rays. 2. Mechanical Agents, such .is friction, pressure, pricks, abrasions, cuts and scratching. A Primary Irritants, which include the chemicals that produce eruptions in varying intensities in all skins -- gaseous poisonous vapors, acids, alkalies, alkaloids, formalin, TNT and phenol. From a paper re.ui at a invetmu ot the New York State Lmpartmunt i. Labor, Mis important paper, which is somewhat tech nical, was reprinted m full in industrial Medicine tor October, 1035, !. Specific Irritants and Sensitizing Agents. These produce reactions resembling allergy in about 70 per cent of individuals. Poison ivy, poison sumac, primrose, plants, vegetables, wood, oils, lacquers, oieoresin, tur pentine, hexamethylenetetramine, paraphenvlendiamine, iodoform, alkaloids, (morphine, quinine, atropm) benzine, aniline dyes, metals like mercury, iodine, arsenic and their deriva tives, fungi producing -ids. j, Deiiydrants and Dessicatore. winch dry the skin by taking up water. Alkalies, hypertonic solutions, salt, sugar, and glycerine, 6. Detergents and Fat solvenis. which dissolve the homy layer, soften the skin and allow penetration by other chemicals and in fectious agents: Soap, mild alkalies, water, alcohol, oils, turpentine and aniline, 7. Biologic. Bacteria and Fungi, which include vegetable and amnul organisms. Thescpioduce local and geneial eruptions by (hen growth and their toxins. The physical state of an irritant in fluences its effect on the skin. Toxic gases and vapors are most active, while fluids are less active than gases but more so than solids. The dermatologist should be familiar with the various chemical offenders, the processes employed in factories, and the conditions of the plants in which men work. He should also compile and report means to prevent and correct existing evils. Reactions Vary The difference in action of the various causative agents on the skin of different individuals is so great that substances producing a marked effect in some will have no effect at all in others. The pri mary irritants are those which affect every one in varying degrees. Some re act to a first exposure, others only after an extended time. The intensity of action in those who respond thus depends not only on the character of the offending agent, whether it is a caustic or an apparently innocent substance like a plant bulb but also upon the type of skin. This is partly due to the variations in the structures of the skin with age, sex, race, color and habits of the individual. Other factors predisposing to reaction are heat, cold, moisture, sunlight, the climate and the season of the year. The most important factor in the mechanism of the skin reactions is the degree of hypersensitiveness. It is commonly known that in chemical factories only a very few men react to weak solutions, while the number of workers respond ing increases with the increased con centration of the solution, until finally, at the highest concentrations, only an occasional individual escapes being af fected. Contact Tests It is of practical value in industry to employ the patch or contact test as a means of determining the hypersensi tivity of a worker. To perform the test, a small quantity of the suspected sub stance is applied to the skin surface. If the substance is a liquid, a small piece of gauze is soaked in the solution and applied to the back or the upper part of the arm and covered with wax paper or cellophane, which is held in place by adhesive. Solid substances may be made into a solution or mixed with water and ap plied in the same manner. The skin selected for the patch test must be free from lesions and be protected from com ing into contact with anv agent, such as hard or rough clothing, which might produce an eruption by contact. It is often desirable to perform a control test in a normal individual, using the identi cal set-up in order to compare results. The patch is kept on for 24 hours, unless there is severe itching or burning. After that time, the patch is removed and the skin is compared with the normal. The reaction may vary from a mild erythema, a one plus reaction; to a four plus re action with erythema, swelling, vesicles, and open lesions. In the reading of the test, the reaction from the adhesive should not be con fused with a possible negative result with the tested substance. Positive reactions NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 35 frBfcA me answtif7 MAY. 1936 here's something -- } Pamphlet 34-"\ndustrials EXPLOSION HAZARDS" JUST THE INFORMATION i need to forestall ) FUTURE ACCIDENTS' / More than 150 pamphlets covering operating practices of all kinds in all leading branches of industry are available in one bound, loose leaf, leatherette volume. Regardless of what your accident prevention problem may be, the chances are you will find the answer in its proper place in this helpful, practical reference handbook. An analytical index is included. A complete list of pamphlets issued to date in cluding price will be sent immediately upon request. Available to members only. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. SO N. WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO 36 ..jjiay be delayed, and may appear several 'ys after removal of the substance ,,ted. The practice of applying undiluted irritants to the skin for testing should be condemned. It has been my exper ience to observe a number of patients with keloids resulting from the use of caustics for testing purposes. Identifying the Irritants Individuals often disclose polyvalent sensitivity, and it is therefore advisable to identify the various ingredients of the substance to which a patient is found to be sensitive. Certain constitutional predisposing factors may influence the hypersensitivi ty of an individual. A seborrheic indi vidual is predisposed to dermatitis. He shows a greasy skin, a tendency to acne, baldness, and repeated attacks of boils and carbuncles. Some individuals seem predisposed to boils and carbuncles. The neurogenic patient is particularly prone to dermatitis. Such patients dis close areas of inflammation, especially in the folds of the skin, on the flexor aspects of the elbows and knees, and on the back and sides of the neck. Many the obstinate chronic cases belong to is group. It would be profitable for employers, particularly in chemical fac tories, to examine all applicants for evi dence of involuted or active lesions of this condition. Patients with an ichthvotic tendency, as characterized by abnormal dryness, thickening and parchment-like skin on the palms and the front of the tibias and follicular plugging of the outer surfaces of the upper part of the arm. suffer severely from cold and moisture. Dermal sensitivity may be increased by other abnormal systemic conditions, such as foci of infections in various parts of the body; by metabolic disease, such as diabetes, gout, nephritis; by general infections, such as tuberculosis, syphilis, diphtheria; by disfunction of the en docrine and vegetative nervous system, and by general debility and bad habits. Skin abnormalities, growths and de formities predispose to dermatitis. To prevent frequent occurrence of such skin conditions, all possible precautions should be taken. An applicant for work that might expose him to contact with an irritating substance should be sub ted to the patch test before being .mitted to work and, in case of a posi tive result, should be employed in some other occupation less dangerous to him. Every applicant should be allowed a thorough cutaneous examination, and a record of his family history, previous skin disease, and substances handled in former jobs should be kept. The habits, personal hygiene and constitutional com plaints should be noted. Occupational stigmata, like stains, pigmentation, scars, keratosis and deformities should be in vestigated. The blond, the dry, the thin, the atrophic, the seborrheic and the icthyotic skins are predisposed to der matitis. The laboratory should be used for detection of abnormalities, such as the presence of hematoporphvrin in the urine, determination of the Wasserman test and similar tests, a microscopic study of tissue, and for the presence of tenia. All susceptible individuals should be excluded as applicants. The physical and hygienic conditions under which men work should be under constant supervision of a physician. The Importance of personal hygiene must be impressed upon the employees and. where practicable, they should be peri odically examined and any skin condi tions detected immediately treated and recorded for future reference. The em ployees should be given instructions as to the dangers of the particular type of work in which they are employed, and how to protect themselves. The wearing of gloves and the use of grease safeguard against excessive mois ture and dryness. Gloves should be kept dean and free of chemicals and infectious agents and they should be washed every day. Excessive perspiration and irrita tion from the gloves themselves should be avoided. A weak vinegar solution should be applied to neutralize alkalies, and a weak alkaline solution for acids, oxidizing substances like sodium sulphite for chrome, and dilute alcohol to remove irritants like lacquer, foreign particles and infectious agents. At the end of the day, a shower with sufficient dean towels should be sup plied. R. Prosser White advised the preliminary use of sodium sulphite be fore the bath in all industries involving exposure to chemicals, dyes, drugs, color ing materials, irritating dusts or fluids. A warm solution of this chemical is also valuable in removing color stains on ' e ikin, wool, cotton, leather and wood. Treatment The external treatment differs accord ing to the exciting agent, the stage of the disease, its situation, the type of lesion. The first step is to remove the causa tive agent in a manner ns indicated above, by acids, alkalis, sodium sulphite. dilute alcohol, etc. Such topical and physical agents should then be applied as will remove the pathological tissue and hasten involution, so that there will be restitution of normal tissue. In the earlier states, dilute wet dress ings, powders and lotions are advised to promote the radiation of heat, evapora tion of the discharge, and to relieve con gestion and favor absorption. With the subsidence of the acute state and the tendency of the lesion to become dry and scaly, pastes are employed. Best results are obtained by spreading the paste on strips of unbleached muslin or gauze, which are placed upon the in flamed skin and bandaged lightly. Dress ings must be changed frequently in order to avoid irritation from discharges and infections. If the condition tends to become ob stinate, slightly astringent wet dressings combined with applications of solutions of silver nitrate and tar may prove to be of value. When the eruption is of a chronic type, more stimulating ointments are employed. Various tar products achieve excellent results. In the more infiltrated and thickened passages, the ointment should be not merely applied but rubbed in vigorously. Of the physical therapeutic agents. X-rays are the most valuable for chronic lesions and pruritus. Others, like quartz rays, ultra-violet rays front Alpine lamps, and infra-red rays, are used main ly for stimulation. At times, they are employed to convert a resistant eruption into an acute inflammatory one, so that relief may finally be obtained by sooth ing and protecting the intentionally pro duced dermatitis. Finally, the doctor turns to the worker as his chief aid. The worker in hazard ous occupations must become familiar with the hazards of his occupation and aid in avoiding them. Employers should cooperate in protecting the employee by installing the necessary' safety measures. Scorpion's Bite Is Deadly ORE lives have been lost in Ari M zona from the sting of scorpions than from the bite of any other venom ous insect or reptile, according to the records of the Arizona State Board of Health. The records disclose 35 deaths from poisonous insects and reptiles in the past 6`4 years. Of these 25 were caused by scorpions. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS MAY. 1936 3 4uleleplwne You can reach me by telephone" . .. you say it casually, but there is assurance in your voice. For you can depend on telephone service. You call a number and a voice, answers--across the street or across a continent. It's so easy to do --- you have been doing it for years. Use has dimmed the wonder of the telephone. Yet the wonder grows -- there is no ending to telephone prog ress. Service is quicker, clearer and more accurate. Improvements are made each year. Things once thought impossible are now ac complished fact. Tomorrow will sec still greater achievement. That is the pioneering spirit of American enterprise. American initiative and American resource fulness have given this country the best telephone service in the world. Obviously this did not just hap pen. It has Been brought about by the development of the Bell System over the past half-century. Time has proved the rightness of its plan of operation. Quick, de pendable, universal service makes it possible for you to talk to al most every one, everywhere, and to say confidently----"You can leach me by telephone." IVn years ago it took, on the average, 20 minutes to pul through a long distance rail between Sew York and !$an Francisco. Today it takes less than 2 minutes. The t ost of a daytime station-to-stalion call be tween these points is now 45% less than in Z926, 38 Skull Crackers (Yard Drops) Industrial Data Sheet D-Me. I A. Problem 1. What precautions should be taken in the use of skull crackers when break ing old castings and other metal scrap? B. Hazards 2. The principal hazard is the pos sibility of injury by flying fragments of metal. C. Discussion 3. A skull cracker consists of a der rick or other hoisting apparatus which lifts a heavy metal ball by mechanical or electrical means and drops it on the object to be broken. If the ball is held in place mechanically, it is released bv a pull on a long rope, one end of which is fastened to the hook carrying the ball and the other end held by a worker out side of a high enclosure, if an electro magnet is employed to raise and hold the ball in place, the ball is released by open ing a switch in the electrical circuit. D. Precautions 4. The area about every skull cracker should be entirely surrounded by a sub stantially constructed barricade or other enclosure of sufficient height to protect persons working in the vicinity and ail passers-by from injury by flying frag ments of metal. 5. Windows of derrick engine house should be provided with heavy metal screens. Roof of house should be of heavy reinforced construction. 6. "DANGER- -KEEP OUT" sign? should be posted at all openings to en closure surrounding the skull cracker. fSee Note X.) 7. If the drop ball is held in place mechanically, a safety hook should be used to prevent premature or accidental dropping of the ball. 8. The rope for releasing the drop ball should be long enough to extend outside the skull cracker enclosure. 0. Before the ball is raised, all persons should leave the skull cracker enclosure and go to a safe place of refuge. 10. Before the ball is dropped, the skull cracker operator should know defi nitely that no one is within the enclosure. He should sound a suitable signal, such as a gong or whistle, to indicate the ball is about to be dropped. 11. All gears, sprockets and other dangerous moving parts of the derrick should be enclosed with substantial metal guards. 1 2. if a skull cracker is operated elec trically, all wiring should be as specified in the National Electric Code and the Xational Electrical Safety Code. 13. Before a skull cracker is used, it should be definitely known that all parts are in good working condition. 14. Every skull cracker, whether mechanically or electrically operated, should be inspected at regular intervals to make sure all parts are maintained in good order. 13. No one should be permitted to enter the skull cracker enclosure when the drop ball is in the raised position. 16, When a piece of metal is being placed in position to be broken, the skull cracker operator should see that all pre cautions are being observed to prevent injury by the piece or the equipment used. 17. If an electromagnet is used to load broken pieces into a car or other con veyor. no one should be permitted to pass under the magnet with its load. The operator of the electromagnet should not swing the load over workmen. 18. Men handling metal to be broken or broken pieces of metal should wear heavy leather gloves or leather hand pads to protect their hands against cuts. Goggles should be worn to protect the eyes against possible injury by small flying obieets of metal or debris. (See Note Y.) S9. Men working about a skull crack er should wear safety shoes as a protec tion to their feet against injury by fall ing objects. (See Note Y.) 20, Every effort should be made to keep the area within the enclosure free from holes and pieces of metal or other obstructions which may be a stumbling hazard. 21. In case it is necessary to operate the skull cracker after dark, the area about and within the enclosure should be clearly lighted by electric flood lamps. (See Note Z.) Nun; X*. Detailed information on warning signs will be found in baft* Practices Pumphlet No. 81, "Warning SiRns, Their Use and Main tenance." Norr Y? Detailed information on suitable ieuthri gloves. hand pads and safety shoes will he found in Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 1G, "Protective i-lothmR." Detailed information on rorrIcs will he found In Sate Practices Pamphlet No, 14, "DorrIcs." Nutt, Z: Detailed information on proper artiJk-Kil JiRhtinR about skull cracker operations will be found in Safe Practices Pamphlets No. 17. "Yards," and No. 22, "Industrial Shop LiRhtinR.'* National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 YOUR SHIELD N TIME OF EMERGENCY `TABLOID'TRADE I MARK BRAND FIRST-AID FOR THE FACTORY IN THE AIR No. 754 `Tabloid* First-Aid PacKit 36 unit specially suitable for Public Utility Companies, Fire Departments, Police Depart ments, etc. List Price, $14.00 Also supplied in 10. 16 and 24 unit sizes. ROAD No 731 `Tabloid* First-Aid (Avion) In accordance with the U. S. Department of Commerce (Aeronautical Division) meets all requirements of the aeronautical industry List Price, $4.80 No. 728 `Tabloid* First-Aid (Moto Kit), for use on motor fleets, buses, trucks and by railroad section gangs. List price, $3.60 Write for quotations Burroughs Wellcome & Co. <Uj'ncA,> 9 & ii East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan MAY. 1936 Please send me descriptive N.S.N. literature regarding `Tabloid' First-Aid. Firm Name Address___ ______________________________ Individual's Nsme, Official Capacity__ to The Bulletin Board A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety Conducted by Stan Kershaw Posters in Full Color j^OR the first time in the history of the Council, the production of posters in full color is being tried. Tn the next few issues of the News there will ap pear one 0x12 inch poster of this type, selected for its forcefuiness. The first of the series is shown in miniature. Unfortunately it cannot be portion of the motoring public, and in dustry controls much of the commercial vehicle traffic. These drivers can be reached through plant bulletin boards by using traffic posters intermingled with industrial sub jects. In addition, much can be done by giving full support to the community safety program. To all who are interested in communi ty campaigns, the following paragraphs from the Council's Public Safety Memo A'o. Si may be of interest. Posters are a part of the answer to the problem of what to do quickly to arouse public interest. They are a tang ible and readily understood medium. The promiscuous display of posters should be discouraged. Their placement should be planned with due regard for the civic pride of the community. Better results will be obtained from a few post ers well placed on attractive billboards than from a great number plastered about in such a manner as to arouse the ire of civic-minded people. . Posters should not be placed where their presence will create a hazard either NATIONAL v A p 6, T Y COUNCIL by diverting attention or obstructing the view. reproduced here in the striking colors Inasmuch as the safety movement is of the original poster. non-partisan and has no commercial, Experience tells us that the idea is of political or sectarian aims, the display first importance in a poster. Next comes of safety posters is ordinarily permitted the execution of the design, and last, but in places of extraordinary value from an by no means least, is its power of attract advertising standpoint not available for ing attention. Color plays a big part in commercial purposes. This alone puts making a poster attractive, and this is a safety poster program at a decided ad the reason for the present experiment in vantage. full color posters. When locating posters, the exact loca Be sure to try these new posters on tion should be determined by a study of your bulletin boards and let us know traffic. It is quite obvious that the best how your people react to them. locations will depend upon the answers to four questions, namely: 1. How many people pass the place under Traffic Posters Will Help consideration 2. Are conditions such that they will have Save 38,000 Lives time to absorb the poster messages? y What competitive attractions are there? NDUSTRY will play a tremendous 4. Will the poster itself create a traffic I part in the national campaign to hazard ? lower the traffic accident rate. Indus Street cars and buses frequently carry try's workers off duty make up a large external bulletin boards which are par ticularly appropriate locations for safety posters, it is highly desirable, there fore, that the full cooperation of the street railway and bus companies be ob tained if their vehicles are equipped with such boards. (Frequently these places require posters of special sizes. ) Posting in indoor locations has its ad vantages. It simplifies the posting and keeps the posters out of the weather, but it should only supplement the outdoor posting. Good indoor locations are as follows: !. In the traffic court on the wall where violators and visitors may see them plainly. 2. in the traffic violations bureau where those who have curne to settle for tickets may read while waiting in line. In the corridors of public buildings, par ticularly the police department, court house, city hall, etc. 4. in schools, especially the high schools. v Large public garages where drivers wait ing for cars or settling bills may read while they wait. 6. Store windows, especially those of vacant buildings where the posters will not obscure other displays. T is a waste to locate posters where I they will not be seen plainly for several seconds. Someone should be made definitely responsible for seeing that posters are put up as suon as they are received. If only a few posters must be changed a police officer or clerk may do this in a few minutes. If a large number must be changed, and a professional bill poster is not employed, an officer or messenger may be assigned to deliver the posters and preferably to see that they are put up by the persons who have agreed to do so. Boy Scout organizations have been useful in doing this work in many cities. Each troop is made responsible for one or more boards, or for all the boards for one month. Caring for poster hoards may also be made an activity of junior safety patrols. Professional bill posters are fully equipped for this work and since they (Please turn to page 68) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS WHATEVER OUR AIMS EXPECT 3 " -rthe i i UNEXPECTED ~njh sasa / Cv When a fellow is luke warm about safety his accident SAFETY mmt- TOP THEM ALL 'IONAL 5 Af tTY COUNCIL record is not so hot -- tIPi WMIpilillife ,j.. : NATIONAL AETY COUNCIL pS?5y NATIONAL . a j f r v c <1 u N i iL 5775-8' la*H 4 wilt* " 57BD-C 25>t3S tafbto Unitt i?JfeZ3 inchtt I Let's hold our ACC' its mi! yow* bicL Ft's yourJuJgittent YOU CAN EXPECT ACCIDENTS NATIONAL SAPP. T Y ' i' U N (, It ' 1 iy. ? r* *' -T, .\v V.. f # MI totWcww mth feck osyfo, tak or pi;rtt NATIONAL * A r 1TV COUNCIL ................ S275-H I7*J3 iridfcm 4 uslfe ' S77J-J* l?M jitchn "4 untti 2434" jtf " ! *`i tmhv% 4 units gpp |||ig WHEN 5#!' iSi llfc YOU TAKE A CHANCE YOU INVITE YOUR OWN BE ON YOUR GUARD forthis S .... 5777-B RP Jl 'V& 4tO3tptJwi; , , i' v;;:;' NIT NCE AT I O N A L *; A P E T V i' O U N C i AT I O N A L SAFETY COUNCIL r4^ii^liwi "" 17*25 faith**' ' tvirtfn' 4m*B 17*23 incfcn *ww" may W jmwsliMM-J lis** N*ti>w*fct Si tj * ^munl t*w ?jf wh .( l.. i.MVH MBS. - ,,_t---- ' SPRING IS HERf A DELAY IS MORE EASILY EXPLAINED THAN AN ACCIDENT 5776-B 17x23 incite* 7*T> >> 4 unit* SO DO A RtAt JOB OF CLEANING UP " FOR SAFETY NATI O N A l NA L i, A F t T Y 4167-il 1/* \i irulm 4 unit* *-P,; K i. x2.l inchrt- i U N CiL 4 unit* I PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TOURS i A?-! 4P Oi TRAFFIC BUND SPOTS Y*hjcU* Aftprwv4ilng oo Intrae|jng Striata. Craah al th Cernrr ; j r'T"* /K ?*f A \ NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ^ s<w . '' I 1 For People Who Take Chances W.TH THE.R Lives ^ VM' UNDERTAKE II *P t NATIONAL i Af ITV COUNCIL wIS- IZxIfi melHs'i 2 unit* S774-R 17x73 iflfbtj. 4 units IAL % A f TT CO U NCi incite* ilE-lJm ...................................... .................... H A BONES 4 U n r. 3 Qzu&ed IS P"` you may _____ up for Weeks 24000 DEATHS LAST YEAR It is wise to watch your step lest you be one of the fail guys of 1936-- - - E t Y COUNCIL ** *&** 1 BAtt' Wun K* S&.r&.,,Ln^ I,r^, mom............ "tnf ' ' "*Ji llKtw*............ r iwiii' Awtoll Ifer IS sA 6W * 0PP0RTV1NVTJ TOPOVHT you - -J > OUUS----- - ^ '0l % **"* r4';'4_ ZfihJow safety, bbcord r i o n a t. F eTT < O U N r 170* 'ikia toctw* V unk !\FK'I\ .`Vlllft si, ONE HABIT YOU CANT OVER DO is the SAMkTY HABIT Don't move the injured unless absolutely neccessary * UCf. . ft Get them off the road. Stop serious bleeding. lK\eeeep them wwaarm. ,, a doctor' Handling May Make Injuries Worse 5770 0*U inches 1 unit NATIONAL ** A * t, X v <'. O U N ft I L 406Y 'I2 jntheH limit s-'60 YOU MAY ^ BE A GOOD A THOUGHT FOR TODAY PROVIDER BUT YOU CANT | li; SUPPORT YOURSELF ON A BROKEN LADDER/ N ATt a N * 1 SAff T 5-T.F *1x12 inches U N C. I C I unit BE ALERT H N AT I C N * t *- A A t t unit 54i'i.s Hxl2 inches i umt DID YOU EVER. SLIP; THROW YOUR m S HAND OUT TO tATCH YOURSELF AND FIND IT RESTING ON A GUARD AROUND SOME' PIECE OF MACHINERY ? -- IF YOU HAVE HAD THIS HAPPEN TO i VOU-JUST THINK WHAT MIGHT HAVE HAPPENED TO YOUR HAND.IF SOMEONE HAD LEFT THE GUARD OUT OF PLACE / 1 SAFETY C OMNI i l inches 5 unit" L~A~"V* * A A! lt]' ,Boctwc? I '03dS. NtVEft SMOKE or. GO NEARFLAMEMic while wearing GAS SOAKED 1111 m_ CLOTHING No passengers were Killed in collisions hi iipmi1 ments of trains in the United States m put ; BUTOVER2000TRESPASSERS ON RAHROAD PROPERTY 1QST TMEBR LIVES KUA5I children to play in > ... safe placet away from railroad . track*, cart, bridges, cranes and other railroad property ` yA 'T Avoid taking short cuts across or along railroad tracks. Never j crawl under or between cars \ tg Before crossing tracks at cross| mgs LOOK and LISTEN, j After train has passed make sure no other trams are ap j I preaching in cither direction ' gates when they arc down. Respect the warning signals of the crossing watchman and the Hashing lights or wigwag signals issi......................._ Mi Mm. irtts. i'Mi( - |oNAt |i A f f. T Y _______ .^.^.^Jpp.vtT.T^T,. t mm UHl nihi tirf it I O N A L """ i unit * S? toil kwthM i unit nib tils# Mistilki*ih.i} yjt-lif Lw ft? vook our 5&-THAT SLEEP/ FEELING I ' --ON Me, JOB 1 you MAY WAKE UP IN AN AMBULANCE , i kEEP i OUTFROM. : 4/" UNDER NATIONAL ,ArrTY - L> U N f | | ' mm ' iacbe* li win NATIONAL 5 A f t TY COUNCIL YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SEE BETTER WITH GOGGLES BUT YOU E MAY SEE A LOT LONGER TOOLS LIKE THESE SHOULD GO TO THE - REPAIR SHOP OR JUNK PILE `THEY ARE DANGEROUS1 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL t unit SOoJ unlit h I unit RG U ML B Otl: i Vjf *'1 EE RS GOOD HOUSEKEEPING IS GOOD SAFETY.... NEVER REMOVE THEM UNTIL ENTIRELY IN THE CLEAR AND OUT OF REACH OF ALL LIVE WIRES AND EQUIPMENT - - Illlp ms Vxfj? ittthr NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 uiiit ' TB3$ ' . UjiIS itKltrt' I twn *J? SWittsiiiri*#* mtm 1m ptanriuwd tram ita# Nsthnui totwir I Iw IZ wfc NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL l?SS y&lif ifeelw&i i unit" wiitiVM mm mu- F GIVI HIM 4 HAND M .........awiBppp /'"' HE JUST MISSED ! I MB1' BOV// ILL NEVER ' PULL OUT LIKE \ THAT AGAIN!! J ................ -..V SHOW THE NEW MAN HOW TO DO HIS WORK THE SAFE WAY * you were yrent once too1 m ;- w mi W?",,r, 9x14 tCb I uafi i1 it SA{ l ON A t T I -r > U N t. I $4iS feO htftm I TMIi Oiled a Machine ^ajjAUp tH^as in ^ MOTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Therddbe a heap ^ less trouble In "s this ofd worldif everyb o dy practicedSafety TELL US If you see a condition here that is dangerous, tell us about it at once. We would rather have your sugges tion now than an accident report later, s c r. s s N <t ' I <J N * l U NlIt r-rf- 'wnr 1*0 TmKw """" ` TtMEt '' 121% kr" ^nrtffht - m* 9*0 iwhtt MAY. M t unit Be Careful not to Wear Loose Clothin|| ;g ! jfc ONA N Iy ' IJ N (, I I, ' , JMS ''teOlMhnT " I" Sn&i' " S4M ' "*~9W Utch' ~ TW&I*8 fiIvetaitp p?* ls fft A# `YtttoiMl ``fctlV'H Cwtt* I fo* 12 mI& M , j' , BEAT THE GERMS TO IT WITH FIRST AID NATIONAL A f f. T Y COON* IV 9x13 ;**<ties. 1 Unit '"4899'" i~S^M4ncbiil...11'....ijinjiL'..1MM'_1......... I unit NEVER PURPOSELY EMBARRASS AWMORAKN.ATw I III T Id si lour _ It Flusters him ` and he is apt to meet u/ith an Accident. ||; .. teach " 766 .. ....... 5x13 uic!ms ||| ..._ .. . 1 ami JWi'i NAS, , A F C T V COUNCIL Mil ieh<8* 3 turn A WASTE PAPER BASKET IS NO MATCH FOR A MATCH ri-iwAL SAFrr SHi ftxtl inch** PRESERVE YOUR \JFE| S BY'CKNNING-* | CARELESS HABITS 4___ 1........- ............ -- - f^Sr . ft.. Accidents dont HAPPEN ON JOBS ^ THAT ARE HANDLED RIGHT i- SOME PEOPLE ARE f SA jj?i 4lV\, \m K jl a GETTING HURT Inm' 1 9&12 inch** bf 1 U'ftiT ` 3765' fn tlk> Skiti? iitclite " t unft It,nr- K v$th 5405 'MU inch<H *T N Ull%4l "\H l\ \J YOU_ Our CANT DEPEND ON SAFETY RULES i LBUT_ ' IMPOSE NO HARDSHIP YOU CAN ONE si: i snu NATIONAL 5 A F f. T r COUNCIL 5410 Rt' 9*1? jnrtlf* 1 unit FOR SAFETY KEEP TOOL REST PROPERLY '$ ADJUSTED TO COMPENSATE * FOR WEAR ON WHEELL j|ffe| NATIONAL SAFETY CO U N C I L VIOLATIONS' MAY NATIONAL O U NCIL r 4421 ft*}# mchts. t,wh 5029: 9x12 inchest I unit L cfrVi ooi^c USE TONGS ON KEEP THOSE FLOOR OPENINGS i COVERED/ NATIONAL S - nu ncil NO ALIBI FOR HAVING INJURED A FELLOW WORKER NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL } 4M 9*1/ inrhet* l unit 502/ 9*12 inches 1 amt ^ ; ^ O' '"'i' >**> HANDLING ICE WITH HANDS OR FELT CAUSES CUTS SLIPS ANDSTRAINS NATIONAL 1 UNC IL 'lx i/ iH-thn. 1 mat A NASTY BURN/ = may be the result if you | neqlect to keep hose in good^^condition NATIONAL 4709 9x12 {nchfe. MAY, PS* I .i 1 unit MAKE SURE YOU WHEN HAN TRIED TO CLEAN IDLER IN MOTION GET HOME SAFELY- Stop Conveyor Before Cleaning NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 441 IF` ImfitlJi' incchhSSTT ' '' "' 1 uiinntit 48S85': ' ' ' 9x12 jnch^ { unit l It mm* b+ |tun4itH4 fnw (br \iiinn! for 42 mb : 48 Class War in Cement By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY in Xetu York Herald Tribune T THE Des Moines station 1 met A A. J. R. Curtis, of the Portland ' Cement Association. You are liable to meet him anywhere. So we break fasted and talked safety. Mr. Curtis's job is to make the cement industry 100 per cent safe for the worker. He repre sents the bosses. He was to attend a regional safety meeting of cement men in "Iowa and Wisconsin and places near by. 1 thought I might look in on them during my spare time. So I sat through lots of very short speeches -- these were workmen, not bosses or professors, so the speeches were short. Also, they asked me to lunch, and a very good and manly lunch it was. None of these tearoom fripperies that men eat nowadays, but a real man's lunch with the roast beef rare. *** It is impossible to talk safety withput talking about industrial relations, nd you can't talk industrial relations without coming very close to human re lations. That is, you can't do these things if you are a worker or a foreman or a superintendent. Others can manage to talk about anything without relating either their ideas or their statistics to the realities of ordinary life. Professors and social workers are particularly gifted that way. But here was a group of simple men. There was a plant superintendent from Duluth who had come up from the ranks. I talked to him a hard line of Bourbonism, the sort of thing that a nineteenthcentury industrialist or a Stakhanovist in Russia today might really believe. He was shocked. "You can't treat men that way," he said. "It wouldn't be right. Good Lord, even if there aren't enough orders to go around, industry must give the man some kind of a living wage. "You see, it's like this. The men have to have a high wage rate because the number of hours they put in has to amount to something at the end of the week." Then I listened to a safety instructor ill the story of the man who put his ,,humb on the wrong side of a chisel and then hit the thumb instead of the chisel. He left a part of the thumb on the chisel. Reprinted M- t***nnisshm of the New York Herald Tribune, "What's wrong with you?" the worker was asked. "You've always been care ful. What's on your mind?" "Well, I don't mind telling you," the dethumbed worker explained. I've got too much on my mind. I hadn't ought to come to work today. My wife's down and there's no one to look after the baby. I tried to get a woman to come in this morning but I couldn't find one. I was thinking about home, I suppose." Then the safety instructor told how the foreman said he'd take care of things. He put up the money. They got a prac tical nurse. They got a doctor and some medicine. Safety apparently is not limited to red signs and "Follow Rule 4" signs, and things of that sort. It has also to do with discovering why a worker is all upset and doing something about it. The story also was told of a worker who got to day-dreaming to such an extent that his life was imperiled. He might day-dream himself into a broken leg or a crushed arm. It had the fore man ail worried. So the foreman got him to one side and they had a heart-to-heart talk. It seems that during the depression this worker got into debt, and all the towns people knew him for a decent fellow and the shopkeepers gave him credit. Then when he went back to work, they all knew about it and they came down on him like a ton of cement blocks. They wanted their money. Every time he walked down the main street, some one would step out of a store and ask him when he would pay up. Well, he owed too much to pay up all at once, so he never could get straight. So when he got to working he got to worrying. He wondered whether he could go to a movie show without some storekeeper feeling himself robbed. He wondered whether he couid drink a glass of beer without some one demanding an explanation of him. He was hounded. The foreman knew that story well. It was everybody's story. It was his own story. Maybe it was even the boss's story. Who couid tell? *** So he suggested to the worker that he let him handle his debts. That he give him a list of the people to whom he owed money. The foreman and may be even the boss would see if some scheme could not be worked out so that he could pay something out of each week's pay envelope. Maybe if these storekeepers knew that there were to be payments they would stop hounding him. And it was done. For hours I listened to these simple men working out their own problems. They were all employees. Apart from Mr. Curtis, no high-powered executive was present. A good part of the seats were taken by men who had lime on their boots and sand in their fingernails. Decent fellows who had jobs and wanted to keep them with surety and safety. Meetings of workers like this are al ways taking place all over the country. At such meetings no grandiloquent de mands are made. No speeches on the class struggle are delivered. Nobody threatens. Nobody strikes. The men and the foremen and superintendents get together and decide on policies, and usually what they decide is carried out. It was amusing to listen to workmen say: "This is impractical." The busi ness couldn't carry' this." They know. They' know what it costs to operate. Connecticut Sets Speed Limit at 45 Miles tpACED with the need of drastic measures to reduce the accident toll, the state of Connecticut has decided to set a speed limit of 4S miles an hour for motor vehicles using the highways. The State Highway Department has an nounced that it will proceed rapidly with the posting of all main highways, warning motorists of the speed restric tions. Existing signs which conflict with the new limit will be removed. In addition, the Highway Department is authorized by the Commission to post rates of speed lower than 45 miles an hour at congested and hazardous sec tions where the maximum speed would conflict with safe operation. Last fall, the State Traffic Commis sion issued an official "hint" to motorists that the maximum speed under the most favorable conditions should be 45 miles an hour. Much favorable comment was received on this suggestion, according to Michael A. Connor, State Motor Vehicle Commissioner. Little criticism con vinced members of the Commission that the puiic desired definite action. Violators of the new speed law, it is announced, face possible loss of their operator's licenses, as well as a court fine of $10 to $100 for conviction on the speed charge. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 49 It's no accident that Safety Engineers recommend Safetoe Shoes The fine, dependable construction of Brown&t'Zt SAFETOE W. Shoes appeals to the discerning mind of the Safety Engineer. He knows that, in a safety shoe, it is just as important to use leather in the right places as it is to use steel in the right places. He recommends SAFETOE because in this shoe every detail of construction is rigidly checked ... to provide strength and service, to provide protection from within as well as from with out. Besides that, he has these five other reasons for recommending the Brown&t7f SAFETOE HI 12-1--'"Safetoe" Men'? Black Elk Rlucher, Sled Box Toe, Riveted Sled Shank, Full Double Hex-Dry Leather Sole, Whole Rubber Heel, Well, Safe toe Last. A. B 7-12, t: <> 12, D. E S-12, 1. Fully Tested--steel toeeaps which have successfully passed the Rockwell, Impact and Compression Tests made by an impartial laboratory. ' 2. Rugged Dependability--selected materials throughout--- three kinds of soles---Oak Bend I.eather. famous Cord soles or long-wearing composition. 3. Utmost comfort --* ample loe clearance, inside finished smooth, no chafing or rubbing. 4. Puncture-Proof Sole -- Model 11-100 is made with flexible spring steel plate between insole and outsole. 5. 25 Types and Patterns--including oxfords and high shoes-- distinct types to meet the demands of every industry and every worker. IFrite or wire for information on our special Industrial Plant Selling Plan. Details gladly given, without cost or obligation. MANUFACTURERS--ST. LOUIS Also Makers of BrownZu'Z/, Buster Brown and Air Step Shoes BROWN*!*!! SAFETOE SHOES MAY, 1936 50 Handling Freight in the Port of New York By A. J. HARVEY Freight Agent, Sew York Central System, Weelutwken. S. J, Hanillins open tup freight from car* or dock to lighters for lighterage movement to various steamship lines HERE is probably more material age freight terminal, one that is in opera Thandled in the Port of New York and New Jersey than in any other tion 24 hours each day, Sundays, and holidays, handling freight of all descrip area in the country. With this vastiton from a package weighing IS pounds volume of business at our door it is very to one of 70 tons with its own equip necessary that at all freight terminals, ment, consisting of locomotive cranes, docks, and warehouses, we continue electric gantry cranes, and river derrick striving for safe methods of handling the cranes. various commodities. At this terminal we have handled, The direct water frontage of the Port under ground storage rules and regula of New York is 771 miles. The de tions, considerable structural steel for veloped frontage measured around piers some of the largest buildings erected in and heads of slips is ,146 miles. The New York City, also granite and marble frontage measured around piers and of various sizes and weights. Such com along shore line is 90S miles. modities are handled with wire slings Within this vast area is located a net and Lewis pins. During the continued work of 12 railroads with more than 100 extreme cold weather we handled with freight stations of the various trunk cranes many cars of steel pipe of various lines; also the many steamship lines sizes up to 55 feet in length and 10 inches with sailings to all ports of ihe world. in diameter, each pipe weighing a little One can understand, in view of such more than half a ton. facilities, why the volume and variety This pipe is handled with hooks, of domestic, coastwise, inter-coastal, im usually two pieces at a time. We have port and export tonnage handled far sur found it a safe method, even though it pass those of any other port in this is a little slower than the sling method. country. For protection against weather condi Having partially described the Port tions the pipe is covered with grease, of New York, 1 am going to give you a and men are compelled to climb open picture of the activity within a lighter top cars to cut the wire and remove the blocking. We found that if the men sanded the pipe and wrapped their feet with burlap, pipe could be handled safe ly, despite the hazards in climbing around the cars in such extreme weather. In transferring boxed automobiles front open top cars to lighters, or from cars to dock by electric cranes, we use auto grab hooks 16 inches long and 4 inches wide with 10 points on each grab hook. They have proved satisfactory and safe as well. it is felt at this terminal that equip ment must be inspected daily. Wire slings must not be used if it is thought they are not in the best possible condi tion. Hoisting falls are kept properly greased. If these precautions should not be taken, much damage to freight and many personal injuries might result. We feel that men of ordinary ability, trained in moving all kinds of heavy rough freight, will find ways to handle such commodities safely. While this gives a brief description of handling freight in open top equipment, it must be borne in mind that there is also a considerable volume of freight re ceived in box or closed cars, handled through the covered piers. This con sists of such commodities as agricultural implements, vanned goods in boxes and cartons, bagged goods, newsprint paper, refrigerators and tin plate. All these things require protection and care in handling. To handle such commodities we use the electric lift truck with "dead" and "live" skids and the usual two-wheel hand truck, the blades of which are pro tected to prevent the possibility of dam age to shipments. Considerable imports at this time of the year are offered for storage in transit, such as wood pulp, sisal, parafine wax, cocoa beans, rags and other classes of freight, some of which are placed in the lofts of the piers in order to give better protection from weather conditions. For further protection we cover such ship ments with tarpaulins when necessary. The proper stowing and handling of freight in the warehouse or on the piers is most important. f Please turn tn page s.;) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS MAY. 1936 51 TRIMO THE PIPE WRENCH THAT WORKS AS A UNIT AND GIVES YOU FAST, RYTHMIC RATCHET ACTION Flexibility is only possible with a Swinging Frame. Trimo has a swinging frame design and double acting spiral spring making it possible for jaw and frame to work as a unit. And because this is possible, Trimo has 3/32 of an inch added flexibility -- an instantaneous bite and a quick release. In other words, TRIMO gives you swift, sure, rhythmic ratchet action. It is the smoothest, fast est and safest pipe wrench sold anywhere. TRIMONT MFG. CO., INC. ROXBURY (BOSTON), MASS. MADE THROUGHOUT OF CHROME MOLYBDENUM STEEL-- HANDLE DROP FORGED -- NOT CAST ... TRICROME CUTTER WHEELS . Thitubl.de special analysis I teelt--silvered to resist rust, t Identified by red hub. TRIMO CHAIN'WRENCH . Replaceable prt*. quality steel make this giant chain, wrench eafeet and most ; serviceable. TRIMO PIPE CUTTERS Trimo. Barnes and Saunders j type. ` '; ; ,. - ,. It's Easy to Be Safe (Continued from page s6) Terminal facilities provide for the berthing of vessels at both open and covered piers to transfer cargo directly to or from vessels. Bulk shipments, in cluding such material as ore, scrap iron, etc., are handled in this manner. We have been favored this year with con siderable tonnage of this type. Stevedores use different methods in discharging cargoes. In handling sisal or wood pulp in bales some use an ordin ary hook. They place eight such hooks on the hoisting fall, each hook under the wires on bales, and hoist six to eight bales from the ship in one draft, land ing them on the dock. When this method is used, wires often break, scattering the contents. Some stevedores use a rope sling instead of hooks. With this method they can hoist six bales at a draft. We consider the latter system much safer from a persona!Jnjury standpoint, as well as a property damage angle. In handling bulk shipments magnets and ciamshell buckets are used. Loading cars properly is a very im portant matter if the lading is to reach its destination in a satisfactory condi tion. Proper bracing and chocking are vital, and care must be taken that the correct material and correct size nails are used. In loading machinery non skid plates have been used with con siderable success. In fact, it is felt by those who have made an extensive study that this is the ideal method. It has proved itself over and over again on all railroads in the Metropolitan area, car load after carload of machinery arriving at destination without damage. I have heard it said that a freight sta tion presents a greater variety of per sonal injury hazards than any other de partment of railroad operation, though these hazards do not always invite major injuries, if that is a fact, the Metro politan Area freight stations, with fogs and tidal conditions to contend with, are surely more hazardous than those located inland. This statement, however, is not used as either an excuse or an alibi for the station accidents we may have. I am quite certain that none of my col leagues in the various trunk lines use it in connection with their safety records. When the safety movement began to be emphasized among employees by the supervisory forces, the statement was often heard that the transportation com panies were doing it for their own selfish interest to prevent payment of claims. Education along safety lines has brought home to us all the fact that the move ment was a very' humane one. It is much more satisfactory to be known as a preventer of accidents than an investigator. No one will deny that investigations have their uses, but I am quite certain that there is little comfort in assuring an injured person after an accident that an investigation will be made. Unless one is absolutely sold on safety he cannot sell it to anyone else. He must actually believe that accidents and personal injuries can be prevented al most to the point of total elimination. He must have faith to bring it about. He must also take a positive stand and stick to it day after day until those he works with have caught the spirit. Keeping the persona! injuries down to the lowest possible level should be the aim of every employee at all terminals. Only constant supervision will accom plish this result. The majority of station accidents con sist of finger and hand cuts and bruises, occasional broken legs and foot injuries. The majority of foot injuries can be pre vented by wearing safety shoes. We trust that the wearing of such shoes on duty will soon be made compulsory', it is difficult to determine whether strains and hernia actually occur while on duty. Thorough pre-empioyment examinations are helpful in determining the existence of such conditions. Some years ago a small factory in Brooklyn, making sheet metal specialties which involved a great amount of power press work, had an increasingly bad acci dent experience due to dismemberments occurring at points of operation of the presses, which were entirely unguarded. The foreman of the press department had some ideas but he did not seem able t.o sell them to his employer. The insurance carrier advised the em ployer that these accidents could be pre vented, that the points of operation of the presses should be guarded as previ ously recommended, that the risk was costing the carrier considerable money for avoidable injury cases, and that the employer must take prompt action to correct the unfavorable situation. Realizing that he was faced with a possible increase in rates, the employer called in the press department foreman and asked what could be done. The fore man replied that with a little time, ma terial, and the help of a toolmaker he could devise safeguards that not only would make the presses safe, but would also increase production. The employer gave the foreman a free hand on two presses. The latter completely enclosed the points of operation on both machines. On one press a slide feed was installed, and on the other a magazine feed. The treadle rods of both presses were equip ped with disconnecting devices, inter locked with the die enclosure. An at tempt by the operator to reach inside of the die enclosure or behind it would dis connect the treadle rod, and the press could not be tripped. The result of the improvements on the two presses was an increase of SO per cent in the number of stampings a day on each press with absolute safety to the operator. The employer promptly au thorized the foreman to equip other presses in a similar way. Many employers have had similar ex periences which have made it necessary for them to develop a program of safe guarding equipment. One employer was paying nearly 40 per cent excess pre mium because of accidents, mostly the point-of-operation type. Through me chanical safeguarding, improving his op eration. and developing the cooperation of his foreman and employees, he was able over a period of years to reduce accidents sufficiently to qualify for a substantial credit. He is now saving more than ST.000 annually in compen sation insurance costs, thanks to accident NATIONAL SAFETY YEWS I -.s. SC SST :> 4 j I i a A 1 prevention through mechanical safe guarding. In these days of expanding costs the progressive and forward-looking em ployer must not miss the opportunity open to him to reduce accident expense. There is, moreover, no more effective method of developing a cooperative spirit between the executives and per sonnel in any organization than a visible earnest effort to safeguard employees. Revolutionizes. OLD IDEAS ABOUT 33 Lubrication (Continued from page 24) present time, ball and roller bearings are grease lubricated, and successfully so, with the result that grease is being more and more favorably regarded for bear ings subjected to heavy shocks and ex treme loads. Take for example the steel industry. In new mills being built today there is considerable high speed machinery, es pecially in the finishing end. Steel plants have long been concentrating on safety measures of all kinds and in nearly ail mills and departments have established regulations covering the lubrication of various machines. In some instances interruption of production is required to permit safe and proper lubrication. In the event that the lubrication operation is attempted without a complete or par tial shut-down a severe accident hazard would be encountered. The steel indus try has known many cases of injuries resulting from clothing being caught on a spindle or wabbler in connection with lubrication of roll necks while the mill has been in operation. The manual lubri cation of overhead cranes has also taken its yearly toli. Obviously, the automatic lubricating system is a decided improve ment over the old hand-oil-can method, There are a number of excellent lubri cating systems in use in present day plants involving pumping of the lubri cant through tubing from a central point, in high speed steam engines, turbines, and the like, a common practice is to maintain a continuous flow of oil from the central point and then back through a filter, the oil thereby being kept clean. There is no danger element. The "single line system," now being commonly employed for many purposes has distinctive advantages. The central grease pumps in this system can be com pared to a water pumping station. By mean? of automatic control a constant line pressure is maintained sufficient for the requirements of all the bearings to he lubricated, just as in a water system MAY. 1936 STRE SLING One of the most important chain achievements in industrial history! Tested under severe condi tions for over 3 years, the new HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated Steel Sling Chain has proved it self a "double duty" chain in both strength and endurance. And, best of all, it cuts sling chain maintenance to a new low. Check through these HERC-ALLOY superiorities: o Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY through out the entire chain to give maximum uniform strength. 0 Links are INSWELL Electric Welded by a new process fully covered by patents. CHAINS HERC-ALLOYHeatTreatedHooksgivc maximum strength at these vital points. 0 Shoit, narrow links reduce to a mini mum the danger of bending or gouging when used around sharp corners. 0 All Joiner Links are of Heat Treated HERC-ALLOY. Write for descriptive folder on this new extra-strength, low cost chain. columbus mckinnon CHAIN CORPORATION General Sates Office: TONAWANDA, N. Y. HERC-ALLOY Heat Treated Steel Chain is manufac tured from a high grade alloy steel containing nickel and molybdenum. Heat Treated under the most modern pyrometer control by an exclusive process. The result: an alloy combining in the highest degree these requisites: ductility, extreme strength and resis tance to wear. Vesiejnad and ftuili Ittj COLUMBUS-McKINNON r 54 there is sufficient pressure to furnish water to every' faucet. Distributing valves, known as self - indicating dis placement valves, are located at various points along the main header line, one for every two bearings to be lubricated. At the more vital points, such as roll stands in steel mills, these groups of valves are automatically operated at a predetermined time interval by means of a positive-operating motor drive unit and an adjustable time dock. Other groups of valves serving bearings which do not require such frequent lubrication are operated by a simple lever known as a hand tripper. Thus in one in stance 200 bearings on certain hot coders are lubricated in several groups by means of hand trippers in practically one oper ation. The operator can lubricate all of these bearings, putting a measured vol ume of grease into each, in two or three minutes5 time. By glancing at his sight indicators he can be absolutely certain that no bearing has failed to receive its allotment of grease. In all cases the self-indicating dis placement valves are located in an acces sible place where the operator can make periodic inspections or anv changes or adjustments that may be necessary with complete safety, even while the machin ery' is in operation. The operator is never exposed to danger, and in addition the machinery receives far better lubri cation than it ever did in the old days of hand-oii-can lubrication. Men* Against the Floods (Continued from fmee rj) .construction-- in the - /if -SeJectriciartB--where ----- w an aiirplcd |>nrl >if i\Wink--Public Ptilitich rhrie oafcgminl tlirir im-n lif be-l in iquipnii'iit. ( liiribfei'B--Safety Straps -:sc Hi-Iib--Grips--all carry the trademark. f- 11157" ihe.uamf Klein ^ ^n's:; equipment had fnrf ihe finest in qualify. . _r at stake there can no compromise with safety.: t* why:.invariably, the -- engineer demands Kleins, FREE tin rijinntien jobbers TMOM' 111 M!K. CHICAGO. 1M,. The river continued to rise, however, and the employees at Colfax worked frantically to erect bulkheads to pro tect the station. The water did not get as high as the top of the bulkheads but at 3:55 in the afternoon the tremendous pressure of water in the Allegheny River broke through into the basement. This left the company with no power generat ing capacity. With the recession of the flood a tre mendous job faced the company. Serious damage had been suffered by the trans mission and distribution circuits, par ticularly in the underground areas. Many of the lines were in such condition that they had to be rebuilt before power could be applied to them. Distribution lines and cables leading to less essential points were still in good condition. The public was requested by radio and through the newspapers to use electricity only for essential purposes. Many house holders after several days and nights of deprivation were inclined to use the cur rent lavishly when it again became avail able. Working against time, utility employ ees performed incredible feats in getting equipment back into service. All under ground substations, vaults, manholes and tunnels, as well as the basements in the down - town district, were filled with water and mud. Here was a tremendous pumping problem and in addition all electrical apparatus as well as cables had to be cleaned, tested and repaired before service could be restored. Within four hours after the shutdown, the Duquesne Light Company began to put power into some of its lines--thanks to the neighborly assistance of nearby power companies. Within ten hours, two carloads of equipment from the New York Edison and the Philadelphia Elec tric Companies were on the wav to Pitts burgh by special train. Motors and other electrical equipment were dried out as rapidly as possible, the Duquesne Light Company servicing its own equip ment. and Westinghouse, General Elec tric and other companies expanding their facilities to the limit to restore apparatus for industrial and commercial users. "While there wasn't any time to think about safe practices, years of safety work showed when the emergency came." said E. j. Kreh, manager of accident prevention for the Philadelphia Com pany. "The crews did the right thing automatically. More than once the men on the job corrected the men from the office who came out on the job to help. These emergency helpers knew the theory of safety, but the men on the job had been putting it into practice for years. Safe working habits stuck, even when the water was rising rapidly." The same experience was repeated from many another industry which had been carrying on safety work consistent ly year after year. The street railways suffered a relative ly small physical loss due directly to the flood, but power for the operation of cars was temporarily restricted, and traffic conditions down-town made it impossible to maintain anything approaching nor mal service. Every available bus was pressed into operation and used in a plan NATIONAL SAFETY' NEWS of coordinated service with the steam railroads. Gas supply was practically normal ex cept in the districts under water, where it was necessary to shut off the supply for reasons of safety. With courage and determination offi cials and employees of the West Penn System faced the onslaught of the flood waters. This utility group, which pro vides power and transportation for a wide territory surrounding Pittsburgh, met the emergency in a manner in keep ing with the finest traditions of public service. When the alarm sounded, the system sprang quickly into action. Supervisors were routed from their beds: day crews were called back to their posts: night turns were instructed to stay on duty. Power station crews worked like beav ers building sand bag dikes, but to no avail in the case of the Springdale Sta tion. the main source of power supply. The station was completely deadened when the relentless flow of flood waters swept over the dikes, filled the con denser pits, stopped the pumps and then the five massive turbines. Storeroom gangs worked frantically to move stores and equipment out of the reach of the rising water. Line trucks set out to locate trouble. Pumps were put in oper ation to drain flooded basements. Dis patchers remained at the switchboards through .56 and 48-hour stretches. Tele phone operators worked overtime to handle an incessant barrage of emerg ency calls. Engineers racked their brains to devise quick temporary replacements for wrecked equipment, while firemen and steam engineers worked madly to push all usable generating equipment to the maximum capacity. That, in brief, was the picture of con ditions as summarized in the Flood Edi tion of the Perm Sen's which was published before the headquarters build ing had dried out. This issue of 20 pages with numerous illustrations presents a graphic account of many angles of the flood as described by West Penn em ployees. Almost indescribable difficulties were encountered in the efforts of the West Penn crews to maintain service. Wash outs, landslides and deep water made many of the roads impassable. Line trucks were forced to travel as much as 20 miles off their route to reach a source of trouble two miles away. Sandbag dikes erected at a severe expenditure of effort by weary men sometimes went for naught when the whole bank of the river was washed out MAY. 1936 55 0 Idarge size Westinghouse Mazda Lamps are now offered at the lowest prices in history. Reductions average 20% on the most popular sized lamps for selling and manufactur ing, and for sight-saving in the home. Now, more than ever, everyone can afford Better Light--Better Sight. i l9`i6 $ .a .0 .15 1.40 .50 $ .a 1.2.0 .15 vA''llc Vs**' iro*'1' LOaiteOr- ^ vv Leo ,^e.lUl"'c~e .* ryNV? W* Vl`vC c ^ $ .ft ,-^00 -2.00 too and water gushed through basement NEW MACWHYTE THIMBLE (Patent appliedfor) walls. In other districts reconstruction was hampered by the breakdown of com munication. Telegraph and telephone lines were down: batteries were flooded, and the lines still open were swamped with calls. All through that eventful night of March 17 and far into the following Macw^yte Wire Rope Slings increases utility... speeds loading night load dispatchers used every re source at their command to secure avail able power from every source. It was rerouted around damaged lines and equipment---every possible method was used to keep the vital energy flowing in sufficient quantity for the more import ... easier to handle ant needs. Power station and emergency crews labored valiantly to keep their plants from being flooded and to get their flooded units back into service. Men worked waist deep in water to get auxili ary motors loose from their foundations so that they couid be dried and restored to operation. Some of this equipment was still in operation when the water reached it. Because of the urgent need for power it had been kept producing, and as a result it was burned out when water shorted the wiring. In many cases complete overhauling was necessary to make the equipment usable. An appalling picture of havoc con fronted the lines department. Lines were down, river crossings lost, and other high voltage connections swept away. All available men were pressed into serv ice to wrestle with the tangled mess of wires that had to be restored to service. The coal mine across the Allegheny River from the Springdale Station, which is connected with the station by way of a tunnel under the river, was saved from the flood waters through the prompt ac tion of the employees who dosed the flood gates to the mine and piled motors against them. Construction Gives Greater Flexibility Macwhyte ATLAS and DREW Simgs have a braided body -- made from endless efementsof wirerope. Extremely flexible. Unusually high safety factor. Write for descriptive folders and circulars. One station was kept in operation by welding steel doors and window sash to their frames, a measure which proved I quite effective in keeping the equipment dry. Mtacwhyte Company, Kenosha, Wisconsin Ad NO. m MACWHYTE WIRE ROPE SI. ATLAS DREW MONARCH Through the efforts of the crews and the power loaned by the Ohio Power Company, Pennsylvania Electric Com pany. and Monongahela West Penn Public Service Company, emergency neighboring cities would not suffer undue hardship. The transportation companies of the West Penn System also suffered severe ly. Miles of track and trolley lines were washed out, car barns were flooded, and all power services in the Kiski and lower Allegheny Valley were out of commis sion. Everything possible was done to maintain service on all lines and to re store interrupted service with borrowed buses and shuttle lines. The safety department of the West Penn System under the direction of Harold F. Webb, faced a tremendous task during the reconstruction period. More than 150 additional men were taken on for the dean-up operations, and they provided an additional safety problem. In the emergency the value of a working force trained in safe meth ods was again demonstrated. First aid service presented another difficulty. Most of the supplies had been ruined by water, and the danger of infection and tetanus from abrasions received while working in the muck de posited by the river was a serious men ace. Again the splendid service of the supply houses enabled the company to replenish the first aid cabinets with the minimum of delay, in spite of the diffi culties. Another hazard presented itself as the turbines in the power stations again com menced to turn. It was feared that men who had been working with "cold" equipment might forget the standard precautions when the lines again became energized. To forestall accidents men were reminded that all equipment was to be regarded as hot. and equipment was tagged and barricaded. Members of the safety department were constant ly out on the job supervising the opera tions and checking up on sanitary con ditions throughout the territory. Dur ing the two weeks following the crest of the flood no lost-time injury attributable to flood conditions was reported. The office of the safety department on the third floor of the West I'enn Building down by the .Monongahela River remained above the high water mark, although the flood waters reached a height of 14 feet in the building. The prized trophy won in the safety contest of the Public Utilities Section a few years ago was warped from prolonged immer sion, and the bronze plaque had to be remounted. The mills along the rivers also had their troubles. As the water rose, the blast furnaces had to be banked. In starting up again the mills had the prob- NATIOiXAL SAFETY YEWS lem of cleaning away the mud and dry ing out electrical equipment. Moreover, starting up a blast furnace calls for ex treme caution because of the hazard of carbon monoxide gas. Masks, inhalators and other essential equipment had been caught under water. The Carnegie Illi nois Steel Company faced this difficulty in four flooded mills, but thanks to the splendid work of the company's own men and the exceptional service rendered by the Mine Safety Appliances Com pany and the Bishinger - Kohler Com pany operation was resumed without serious mishap. At Braddock, Edgar Thomson Works of the Carnegie Illinois Company was down, with the bias! furnace, pump house and power plant under several feet of water. The testing laboratory was, of course, helpless without elec tricity, but the company made connec tions with an outside power line. Like many another firm in the inundated area, the company contributed large quanti ties of supplies to the Red Cross and the local hospitals for the relief of the flood victims. At Ford City sand bag dykes erected by employees of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company were instrumental in saving not only the plant but a large section of the town. Similar instances of men's courageous fight against the flood in defense of their homes and their jobs could be told from scores of com munities in the afflicted areas. As the waters receded, Pittsburgh still faced serious perils. Damage to gas mains resulted in leakage, and . every basement and manhole in the down town district had to be tested for com bustible gases. More than 170 volunteer mine workers under the direction of the IJ. S. Bureau of Mines and the State Department of Mines worked day and night to complete the immense task. Assisting in this work were Dr. J. B. Garner, head of the Utilities Survey Commission and N. W. Hartz of the Mine Safety Appliances Company. Elec tric cap lamps and mine safety lamps and combustible gas indicators which had proved so important in mine safety were again proving their value in pro tecting the city against further destruc tion. That water, electric power and com munication facilities were restored to Pittsburgh hours ahead of normal ex pectancy was due in large measure to the efforts put forth by the Westinghouse service division. Hours before the flood reached its crest at midnight on March (Please turn in page 8a) MAY. 1936 JUMBO 57 SAFETY POSTERS Courtesy Portland Cement Ass'n. Glens Falls Portland Cement Company at Glens Fall. N. Y. puts safety messages across in a big ivay. These billboard type posters are finding favor in many' plants because of their attention getting value. EVERY month more companies are building these new JUMBO OUTDOOR SAFETY POSTER boards. Size I I foot 8 inches by 9 foot I I inches, these effective Jumbo Posters identify, in a big way, the company's leadership in safety, both to their em ployees and to the public. For further information write NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 20 N. Wacker Drive CHICAGO 58 They're Going to Atlantic City The Reason: The 25th National Safety Congress, October 5-9, 1936 LTHOUGH the Congress is still A five months in the future, many foresighted delegates are making sure of getting the rooms they want in the most conveniently located hotels. While there will be ample accommoda tions for all delegates, it may not be possible to place late registrations in the hotels housing the sessions. Members are requested not to write direct to the hotels when making reservations. All requests for hotel rooms should be made to Xational Safety Council Housing Committee, c o Convention Bureau, Atlantic City, and should include a second and third choice of hotels. t & * Programs for ten subject sessions have been arranged and invitations sent to streakers. The subject sessions are: Fire revention. Safety Belts, Safety Train ing, Maintaining Interest in Safety, Safety Equipment, The Injured Worker, Exhaust Systems, Safety Exchange -- Round Table, Occupational Diseases, Safety Fundamentals for Beginners. The Congress Exhibit and 40 per cent of the meetings will be held in the Con vention Hall. The other meetings will be held in the Ambassador, Chelsea and Ritz-Carlton hotels. The Annual Meeting of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons will be held in Atlantic City Monday and Tuesday of Congress Week. Sessions will be held at the Travmore Hotel. ' M :4s * Two joint sessions will be held by the Street and Highway Traffic Section and the Vehicle Fleet Section. One will be on the problems of the driver and the other on the maintenance of vehicles. The 1936 New Jersey Safety Con gress Committee has been organized un der the personal supervision of Governor Harold G. Hoffman. Its membership includes many of the leaders of New HOTELS AND RATES Map No. Hotel HOARD WALK HOTK tS Single 31 AMBASSADOR ........................ 32 CHELSEA ................................. 30 K1TZ-CARLTON ................... 21 Brighton ..................................... 5 Chalfonto- .$3,00 to $6.00 . 3-00 to 5.0Q , 3,00 to 5.00 . 4.00 to 3.00 4 Haddon Hall ............................ 22 Claridge . ................................. . 3.00 to 8,00 25 Dennis .......................................... 13 Knickerbocker ........................ 24 -Marlborough-B1*nhelm ...... 10 NVw Belmont ............. ........... 33 President ................................... li Seaside .............. ........................ :? Shelburne ................................... ........... to 4.00 . 4,00 to 6,00 . 2.50 to 3.00 . 3.50 . 3.00 to 4,00 ..... . 4.08 to 6.00 20 Travmore .................................. ....... ....................... . 4.00 to lo,00 Double $6.00 to $10.00 G.00 to 8,00 6.00 to 10.00 ti.Ou to S.QO 5.00 to 6.00 to 6.00 to 3.00 to 6,00 to 4,0(1 to 3.50 to 5,00 to 6.00 to 6,00 to !0,0n 11.00 10.00 7.00 11.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 s.on 12.00 2ft Arlington ............................. <; Colton -Manor .......................... l Franklin inn ......................... 23 Giaslyn-Chatham ................ Grossman's .............................. i? Jefferson ..................................... IS Kentuekv .................................. 7 Lafayette ................................... 19 Madison ..................................... 15 Monticello ................................. 2 Morton ....................................... 12 Princess ..................................... Richfield ... 1 Senator ............................ .......... Thurbor ..................................... AVEME HOTELS . 2.50 . 3.00 to . 2.50 ................... . . 2.50 to . 3,00 to . 2.50 . 3.00 to . 3.50 to ... . 3.5ft . 2.50 . 2.00 to . 3.00 to . 2.50 5,00 . 3,50 3.50 40ii 4.0 0 ...w... 3.on 4.on 4.00 to 5,00 to 4,00 5,00 4.00 to 5.00 to 4,00 5.00 to 5,00 to 5.00 3,00 tn 4.On 4,00 to 5,00 to 4,00 5,00 $.00 6,00 6,00 7.00 T.OU 6,00 fi.OO 7.00 All moms with batn unless oth'-rwisr specified. Two rooms with connecting bath, suites consisting of a parlor and one or more bedrooms, and lower priced rooms with running water but without, hath, available in most of the listed hotels. When requesting inform ation from the Housing Committee be sure to specify the hotels of your choice as well as details of the accommodations desired. Jersey's industrial, commercial and pub lic life. *** Application forms for hotel rooms are now available at Council headquarters. These forms contain a map of the city and all necessary information about the various hotels. Their use in writing for reservations will simplify the work of handling requests. 'I' Many member companies are already making plans to send one or more em ployee delegates to the Congress. A trip to Atlantic City is a most suitable reward for employees who make outstanding contributions to the plant's safety pro gram. *^ The map reproduced below shows the location of the vast Convention Hall and the leading hotels in Atlantic City. The rooms most convenient to the meeting rooms will, of course, go to those making reservations early. ATLAN TOC COTV .. " "irrfezz nz MW pep CP..... o"1z3 cnK qouc or. u a CpCZh I----- !*!! FI ----C! CPEP OTP CP CSOLB C53 fcta n__fc- -zio CZECH i gzffatcpr pJCDlC=],i=ffiI j------iJf--R| UJ OUJ <f LAVt EH CPCZP W1IUUM - Lrrl.SPi ~___ OuWtSVSIJTOSM acPt=^Pi CAP JpAAlX ^ LvC"""^ . Q,CP up CP| QQ CZ3 ijrrinfl E3'tzn < pern rrpp r^-o WMTKUW ,u.ApVTL1.I | tovt(U>a < jjjwt MJTON______< Stvt HAATVOUO avc C3 CZJ CZ3 CZ3 *V10SNC AVfc. cm oh AllANV AVS, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I 59 WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 42-16 Bam Streat, Long Island City New York City pig SegigaBXragjl 3SHBE cSesSses^! mem LARGEST ORGANIZATION OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD Branches in 55 Principal Cities PROTECT YOUR WORKERS from the Menace of Oil Dermatitis with WESCOL WESCOL is a very powerful germicide, guaranteed to be 18.20 times as strong as carbolic acid. Because of its very high coefficient, WESCOL is an effective and economical disinfectant to use where a powerful germicide is required, and one that will not change the nature of the material in which it is used. WESCOL used in cutting oils and compounds helps keep the material sterile and safeguards the workers against the menace of Oil Dermatitis. OIL DERMATITIS is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair follicles and abrasions of the workers* skins by cutting oils and cutting compounds. Even germ-free cutting oil becomes infected during use. Factories have had epidemics of Oil Dermatitis in which almost the entire force has become infected. The disease is a serious one, which may lead to blood poisoning and is covered by compensation laws in many states. One pint of WESCOL to 50 gallons of cutting oil or cutting compound will keep the material sterile without injuring its cooling properties. Send for our Special Booklet WESCOL "DRESSTEEL" LOCUTS Real Dressy Styles on a Slightly Narrower Toe. Style, Comfort, and Added Protection of Steel Safety Toe-Boxes Goodyear Welt Bal Oxford Style 9514 SPECIFICATIONS: Fine Black Calfskin; one-piece quarter lining; invisible eyelets; oak leather soles; rubher half heels; steel arch-supports and steel boxes. Sizes, 5 to 12. Widths, C, D & E. '"Bonus Shoes OAFETY FIRST SHOES contain a ^ bonus both for the man who wears them and the company that recommends them to employees. They are full of Plus Value-- a "Bonus" with every pair! STEEL TOE BOXES FIRST QUALITY MATERIALS FINE WORKMANSHIP UNEQUALED VALUE Write for complete catalog, prices and details of merchandising plan. SAFETY FIRST SHOE CO. HOLLISTON. MASSACHUSETTS MAY. 1936 60 THE SAFETY LIBRARY By MARy M. WELLS LIBRARIAN, N. S. C. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Dust Explosives Dust Explosions During Fire Fighting. By David J. Price. Published by the ('. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1936. Free. Pam phlet. (Circular 3S5). _ Notes on Testing the Explosibility of Coal Dusts and a Proposal to Have an International 'Test .Meth od. By 0. S. Rice and H. P. Grermvald. Published by the i. S. Bureau of M ines. Washington, D. 1936. (I. C. 6878). The authors' experiences and beliefs concerning large scale tests of the explosibilitv of coal dust are summarized. Mines Methane --1xdicatixg Detectors Prove Dependable in Sampling Air in Anthracite Mines. By R. D. Cur rie. Published by the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1936. Free. (I. C. OH 74). paratus utilizing this method for field determinations." An Examination of Three Hun dred Workers on Granite and Sand stone Quarries. By Sk. F. Gudjonssnn, with the assistance of K. Becker. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, April, 1936, p. 213-221. "An investigation concerning 300 stonecutters from the rocky Danish island of Bornholm is reported. Most of them were granite cutters, but some were also sandstone cutters. They were all exposed to great amounts of stone dusts without any protection, and most of them had been employed for several years in the occupation. By far the greatest number of them worked entirely or partly in the open air except those who were employed in the crushing mills. The percentage of silicosis was greater among old men than young ones, if both had had the same length of employ ment." PERIODICALS Contests Pays 2499 to 1. Briggs Handicap Safety Sweepstakes Comes to Suc cessful Close. By C. G. Smith. In Factory Management and Maintenance, March, 1030, p. 112. All-time plant safety records broken. Real winners were 99.96 per cent of the workers, many of them engaged on hazardous jobs, who came through 60day period without accident. Health Hazards Determination of Injurious Con stituents in Industrial Atmos pheres, 11: Determination of Sol vent Vapors in Air by Means of Ac tivated Charcoal. By Warren A. Cook and Allan L. Coleman. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, April, 1036. p. 194-210. "The purpose of this paper is to pre sent a practical method for the deter mination of solvent vapors in air. A brief discussion is given of various physi cal methods, namely, the interferometer, refractive index, ami thermal conductivi ty methods. The adsorption method is described in detail together with an ap Kxperiments on the Physiologi cal Properties of Triciiloretiiylenh. By H. Taylor. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, April, 1936, P- 175-193- "A short review of the literature is given, following which experiments are reported which were devised to investi gate the chronic effects of trichlorethyiene. Preliminary experiments showed that concentrations in air of 0.S and 0,4 per cent trichlorethylene vapor produced deep anesthesia in rats, while CU per cent gave only slight narcosis. Pulmonary Asbestosis: Incidence and Prognosis. By J. Donnelly. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxi cology, April, 1936, p, 233-228. A Survey of a Group of Employees Exposed to Asbestos Dust. By S. B. McPhceters. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, April. 1936, p. 229-239. "The evidence presented in this study warrants the opinion that with the re duction of dust concentration now feas ible by available dust elimination de vices. the incidence of significant asbes tosis would in time approach the vanish ing point.'1 The Toxicity and Potential Dan gers of Crude "DuPrene". By W. F. von Octtingen and IF. Dcichmann-Gruebler. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, April, 1936, p. 271-272 It appears that crude "DuPrene'' is not likely to produce irritation of the skin in normal individuals, that it can be handled safely even at temperatures of 100 C, without causing systemic effects, and that only at temperatures of 75 C. may a moderate irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose be observed, which can easily be pre vented by proper ventilation. 2 - Cloro- Butadiene (Chloroprenei: Its Toxicity and Pathology and the Mechanism of its Action. By W. F. von Octtingen and others. In Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxi cology, April, [936, p. 240-230. The experiments indicated that chioroprene is a toxic material which should be handled with great precaution. Con tamination of the skin and of the hair should be avoided, and the inhalation of vapors as low as 0.3 mg. per liter may cause toxic symptoms. Hotels Employee Health at the Wal dorf. A large hotel, like a city, has its sanitary department, and constant watchfulness is needed to prevent house maids' knee and cuts from smashed liquor bottles. In Personnel Journal. April. 1Q3O. p. 395-371. Power Presses Guarding of Power Presses. By G. Shrosbree. In International Labour Of fice, Industrial Safety Survey, Jan.-Feb.. 1936, p. 1-5. Vocational Education Vocational Training in Industrial Plants. In V. S. Bureau of Labor Sta tistics, Monthly Labor Review, March, to <u, p. 050-654. "After 2 days' consideration of vari ous piiases of the problems arising from the use of Federal funds in vocational training in industrial plants (commonly referred to as "plant training"). a special advisory committee on February t, 1016, recommended to the United States Commissioner of Education the adop tion of a set of special standards and NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 61 1 91,676 KILLED BY FALLS IN TEN YEARS* Accidental injuries caused by falls are usually severe. This is proved by the New York Department of Labor Reports for 1933. They show that falls were responsible for 22 percent of all compensated industrial accidents and for 29 percent of the compensation paid. Stonehouse Falling Hazard Signs are attractive, forceful warn ings . . . reminders to be careful. Made on steel, in standard Accident Prevention colors and designs, with brief, to-the-poiut wording, furnished from stock. They will help materially to reduce your Falling accidents. Send for complete list of "Falling Hazard'' signs and prices. "Signs since 1863" *10 year period 1923 to 1934 Tfw#'* * Stooehouse Accident Prevention Sign for every industrial pur pose. SIGNS. INC Manufacturers 9th at Larimer Denver, Colorado ACCIDENT PREVENTION Steefr SIGNS IN STANDARD COLORS AND DESIGNS BULB VALVE TyPE NO. 4 This DUPOR respirator has a clear entrance filter aperture of 7 Ms sq. in. It uses special felt filter pads 5/16" thick. Extra pads 4c each. The exhalation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made in soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and revers ible. The DUPOR Respirator No. 16 has a much enlarged area of the filter chambers with the screw cap threaded clear over the edge thus saving much space; and has a THUMB REST, on the side (patent applied for) making possible this light weight construction. Total weight only 5 ounces. This new inven tion makes possible a superior respirator that provides a large filter area, as small dead air space as possible, low breathing resistance and comfort. Write today for additional information! THOUSANDS OF DUPOR RESPIRATORS NOW IN USE Used for all kinds of dusts, smoke, light fumes, vapors and paint spray that are free from harmful gases. BASIC PATENT NO. 2,000,064 DETAIL PATENTS PENDING AND ALLOWED BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 16 This DUPOR has enlarged ad justable filter chambers of screw cap type and the very large aperture of 16 sq. in. Extra Va" thick pads 4c each. The ex halation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made of soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and reversible. Price S18.00 per doz. Sample postpaid SI.50 CHIPPEWA-A manufactured only by H.5.COVER Price $24.00 per doz. Sample postpaid $2.00 SOUTH BEND, 1ND., U.S.A. MAY. 19.36 62 DUST CONTROL .. Suppression ... Collection.. .Disposal safeguards to cover this type of program. __ The commissioner accepted the recom mendations and announced that he would place them in effect at once as official policies. He also retained the advisory committee to serve indefinitely in connection with various problems of trade and industrial education as they may arise in the future. `The report, and the standards recom mended by the committee as to the `con ditions under which a public-school systern may or may not be justified in establishing training programs within a private industrial plant during the work ing day at public expense for which Federal reimbursement may be granted' are given in part." BE YOUR DUST PROBLEM SMALL OR LARGE, IF IT INVOLVES TEMPERATURE CONSIDERATIONS OR Asked and Answered REQUIRES Wet or Dry * TREATMENT Consult BLAW-KNOX for a prompt economical solution BLAW-KNOX COMPANY HUFARMERS BANK BUILDING PITTSBURGH, PA. Offices in Principal Cities Close Hopper-Bottom Car Doors with EASE and SAFETY with the Prescott Safety Tool This special tool will close hopperbottom car doors. Prevent smashed fingers, strained backs, ruptures and other serious injuries. Saves time--Is inexpensive. The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Warren Y Ohio STERILIZING OIL Question: Will you kindly send us in formation on germicides used in disinfecting cutting oils and emulsions? Answer: Paragraph 32 of National Safety T' Council's Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 4-t. ' Safe Use of Cutting Tools and Emulsions," reads in part: "Numerous attempts have been . made to sterilize cutting oils by the addition of germicides instead of by heat. At the outset it was found that,mosLgcrmiddes, if used in suf- . ' fidently strong solutions to be effective, cor- * roded the metal or interfered with the lubri cating properties of the oils and emulsions, or irritated the skin of the workers,. During the past few years, however, several Council mem bers repott excellent results from the use of __ germicides with a relatively high phenol co efficient." __ This statement is in accord with those made _ by Dr. William J. McConnell, past assistant surgeon. United States Public Health Service, ~ Treasury Department, in United States Public Health Service Report ',-T0. "Dermatosis Fol lowing the Use of Cutting Oils and Lubricating Compounds," in which he states, "The sterili-_ zation of oil is accomplished in two ways. The first, hy means of heat, is perhaps the most efficient and at the same time the cheapest method available ... A second method is that of chemical sterilization. The chemicals generally used for sterilization are phenol, eresol and other coal tar derivatives. These, how ever, are expensive, and used in concentrations sufficient to be efficacious, not infrequently cause a dermatitis themselves. The use of in- . organic and metallic germicides, such as mer- ~ curie chloride, copper sulphate, silver nitrate, and ferrous sulphate, is restricted because of their corrosive action on the metals with which they come in contact . . . The concentration ,_i of the chemic`1 to he ired depend a great - NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS _ deal upon the character of the oil or com pound. In the report of the Commission of the English Ministry of Munitions, phenol or other coal tar antiseptics, to one per cent, is recom mended as an effective aid in reducing bacterial content of oil ... It appears that the ideal method for sterilizing the oil would be to com bine the heat and the chemical methods. /This would afford a constant sterilizing process by the chemical as well as an intermittent one by the heat." In Paragraphs 29 and 30 of Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 41, methods of sterilizing cut ting oils by means of heat are described in de tail. Figure 6 of that pamphlet illustrates graphically a cutting oil filter and sterilizer used by one large manufacturer. In the pam phlet will also be found valuable information on the filtration of oil, hygienic practices-for workers, and skin troubles due to the use of cutting oils. 63 STEEL TOE < PLATER'S SHOE Wooden Sole* This Improved Steel Toe--High -- Roomy--Strong -- Combined with the "Perfect Rocker" Wooden Sole----- Lightweight-- E.Z. Walking--Provides Com plete--FOOT PR( ITECTIQN-- at a priee. If rite today REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE Co., Inc. Columbus. Nebraska Personals NOWis the time to Equip your Men FOR THE UNEXPECTED DEADLY BITE OF A SNAKE Herman J. Spoerer, since 1923 safety inspector at the Evanston, Illinois, works of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Com pany, has been transferred to the com pany's Indiana Harbor Works to fill a similar position at the larger plant left vacant by the death of Arthur Berquist. Mr. Spoerer's service with the com pany dates back to 1918 when he en tered the transportation department at South Chicago Works and was later, pro moted to the position of safety inspector. In 1923 he was transferred to Evanston. He was one of the organizers of the Evanston Safety Council, serving three years as its president, and was also active in the Kiwanis Club, Chamber of Com merce, and other civic activities. Harry Barsantee. associate editor of Pvbt.ic Safety and member of the National Safety Council staff for more than six years, has resigned to accept the position of director of the News Bureau of the Travelers' Insurance Com pany. Hartford. Connecticut. A gradu ate of the University of Wisconsin School of Journalism, he had several years of practical newspaper experience on Wis consin papers before joining the Council staff in 1929. He has a thorough knowl- POSITION WANTED AS SAFETY director in mining company. South America preferred. Ten years' ex perience, excellent record. Speaks and writes Spanish fluently. Has taught first aid, mine rescue and organized safety committees. Address P. O'Callaghan, Perez Canto 239, Nunoa, Santiago, Chile. MAY. 1936 THE Davis Snake Bite Kit contains an unbreak able syringe which is always "on the job" to suck the venom from the fang holes. An ordinary syringe of fragile material which broke when dropped on a rock might be the indirect cause of the loss of life. For men who work independently along pipe lines, etc., you will find a first aid kit combined with the Snake Bite Kit a valuable addition. The Davis Combination Kit contains in one convenient carrying case a complete Pocket First Aid Kit as well as the Snake Bite Kit. Have your men fully protected and you will be more sure of their health and work. Give them a Davis Combination Kit. The low cost, adaptabil ity and convenience will please you. jujp~ --1s2a21f.ety ffiyslse--ftyfc' E'L-jS| SNAKE BITE ~^ fo? an. s POOHST IMOTHF. A DAVIS S RlWrtWK.N.'f sscojnc. ifI*fCM. , Contains;*-Tourniquet, Sca/pe/, Unbreakable syringe, Iodine swab. Ammonia inhalants, Drybak adhe sive compresses. F0'u' AO (FMtnr: DAVIS {^V^COJNC.; -ji --------- 1 saw Contains: -- Bandage Compresses, Drybak adhesive compresses. Ammonia inhalants. Iodine swabs. Tubes of Tannoid burn treatment. Use coupon now to sond without obli gation for a com plete description of the self-con tained Davis Combi nation Kit for men who work outdoors. The Davis Combination Kit--Snake Bite and First Aid Kit in one con venient carrying case. DAVIS CO., INC. Chicago, III, New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Snake Bites to Name__ Address- City_____ FAIRWAY METAL HOPPER ThileiDepositor j2ocwkaithn,d Keif Wipe Out the MENACE OF HEAT SICKNESS edge of publicity work, a fine under' standing of safety, and is a capabll writer. " Mr. Barsantee succeeds G. D. Newton who becomes agency assistant in casual ty lines for The Travelers. Install this modem industrial safeguard against the liability of Cramps, Extreme Muscular Fatigue, Nausea, and other ill effects common to hot work in industry. Keep your workmen on their feet in the hottest weather--keep them in that nor mal state of muscular energy and mental alertness that protects production. Ernest X. Smith, executive vice! president of the American Automobile Association, died at his home in Wash ington, D. C., on April 10 following if brief illness. He was 51 years old. Mr. Smith had been in charge of the!, national headquarters of the American! Automobile Association since 1924 and! had previously been in charge of the Department of Resolutions on Refer enda of the United States Chamber of Commerce. For several years he had been prominent in the field of public safety and was joint author with J. C. Furnas of the recently published book, "Sudden Death." Surviving are the widow, a daughter,_ and two sisters. "Fairway" Tablets of pure sodium chloride have proven themselves over seven years in all types of hot work. Give the workmen this protection at an insig nificant cost. Your choice of these two practical dispens ers--extra tablets in reserve cartons--fully described in booklet "Prevention Of Heat Sickness" sent free on request. FAIRWAY LABORATORIES, Inc. Belleville Illinois SANKEY FOOT GUARDS Protect your workers feet be fore an accident happens and save compensation, medical and other costs. These guards are made of 16 gauge steel or Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy. Designed to give the utmost in foot protection and also to provide comfort and free and easy foot move ment. Light in weight but exceptionally strong. Will withstand an impact of 300 foot pounds. Send for sample and details. --- ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. ' --Riiwnnn CITY, pf.nmsyt.vama-- ... Public Safety Division Increases Staff James G. Hayden, formerly of the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and the Michigan State Highway Department, has joined the staff of the National Safe ty Council as an assistant traffic engineer in the Public Safety division. He re places James Stannard Baker, who is now doing field work for the Council in the East. Mr. Hayden was graduated in mechanical engineering at Michigan State College. Since that time he has had wide experience in traffic survey work. Donald S. Berry has been added to the staff as assistant traffic engineer. He is a graduate of the South Dakota School of Mines, where he received a B. S. de gree; he has an M. S. degree from Iowa State College; and he will receive the I'h. D. degree from the University of Michigan shortly. He has had broad. INSURANCE DEPARTMENT MANAGER Will set up and operate insurance department for large manufacturer. Experienced on self insurance. Safety engineering work. I am a licensed insuranee broker with 21 years insure ance work: seven years with present employer whose annual saving on insurance is 8100,000. Married and under 40. Address Box 298, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 'CO ' !!~ J; . '"' J _ ___ __ ' ~" .. __Z _ 65 experience in highway research work Everythinq with the South Dakota State Highway Department, the Iowa Engineering Ex NATION WIDE kSIRVICE in Safety periment Station, and the Michigan State Highway Department. Raymond G. Ross has been placed in charge of home safety work in the Public Safety Division. The work was formerly conducted by Howard Seehausen, who is now devoting his full time to the Na tional Traffic Safety Contest as an as sistant to Paul Strieker, director of the Public Safety field forces. Mr. Ross has been assistant advertising manager of the homes division of Montgomery, EAST NEW YORK W.S. Wilson Corp. 123 Varick St. PITTSBURGH Safety First Supply Co. Brady Building PHILADELPHIA ]. A. Hunt Co. 2036 Sansome Sr. BRAINTREE, MASS. Direct Sales Co. 108 President Hoad There are 22 Species of Rattlesnakes in the United States Ward and Company, sales promotion manager for the Chicago branch of Pierce' Arrow, advertising representative for Henri, Hunt, McDonald Company, SOUTH CHATTANOOGA, C. D. Genter Company Chattanooga Bank Bldg. and sales representative for the Manz Company. - MID-WEST DETROIT C,H.Dockson Company 2883 E. Grand Blvd. Canton Holds Safety and Fire Prevention Campaign ORE than 25,000 persons were con CHICAGO E. D. Bullard Company 215 South Letvitc Se. GREEN BAY, WIS. Safety Service Company 108 No. Quincy St. M tacted through 105 meetings held DULUTH during the Sixth Annual Safety and Fire W. P. & R. S. Mars Co. 324 W. Michigan St. Prevention Campaign in Canton, Ohio. HOUSTON The campaign was sponsored by the E. D. Bullard Company Safety and Fire Prevention Committee 1 Main Street of the Canton Chamber of Commerce, with the Industrial Commission of Ohio and the Foremen's Clubs of Stark Coun ty cooperating. The program included WEST SAN FRANCISCO E. D. Bullard Company 275 Eighth Street industrial, home and school fire preven tion and street and highway safety. The campaign lasted through the week of March 23 to 28. On Thursday evening, March 26th, LOS ANGELES E. D. Bullard Company 1229 South Olive St. SALT LAKE CITY E. D. Bullard Company 1620 Yalccrest Avenue more than 200 drivers attended a meet The venom of .nil species of rattlesnakes is sufficient to kill a man. Fortunately, medical science has recom mended first aid treatment of snake bites which saves lives. The treatment is based on the. extraction of venom deposited by the snake. The Bullard Venex Snake Bite Kit is built to conform to medical recommendations and contains everuthing necessary for effective first aid treatment. The outfit is packed in a pocket size metal box and is non-breakable and will not deteriorate with time or under any weather conditions. Outfit consists of One non-broaknble suction tube, for extraction of venom. Sterile lancet for opening bite. U. S. Army tourniquet for controlling flow of blood. Antiseptic for painting skin around bite. Aromatic spirits of Ammonia and paper drink ing cup for shock treatment. Complete, simple, first aid instruction sheet. This first aid treatment is now used by the U. S. Forest Service, many of the large construction companies and wherever there is hazard from snake bites. A Venex First Aid Kit will be mailed postpaid to anv address in the United States on receipt of 2.50/ Mail orders will be given prompt and careful attention. For industrial users, the Venex* Kit map be exarntned at an// office listed here. Descriptive cataloti sent on reauest. . . ing which was addressed by Harry L. Sain, special representative. Division of Safety and Hygiene, Ohio Industrial Commission, R. B. Criswell, Ohio In spection Bureau, and F. M. VanDevanter. Cities Service Oil Company, New BULLARD ii York City, who is a widely known authority on carbon monoxide. Recognition cards from the Stark County Safety Council were awarded to 275 commercial drivers in the city who operated without accident during 1935. Included in the meeting were 42 in dustrial meetings of factories, eleven store meetings of employees. 20 public school demonstrations on fire preven tion, five evening meetings on fire pre vention, three carbon monoxide demon strations, one convention Northeast Ohio Parent-Teachers' Association, eight Parent - Teacher Associations. Granges, churches, four service clubs, and twelve For exhausting fumes, dust, odors, for safer working conditions--and at a lower cost titan any other propeller-type fan. THOUSANDS OFPROBLl LIKE YOURS Write for Free illustrated literature and interesting 'di-page catalog. addresses over Station WHBC. MAY, 1936 66 DI S IN E G TAN T 3 OIL DERMATITIS costs plant owners millions of dollars each year. A single germ of this serious skin disease--carried from worker to worker by infected cutting lubricants--can put your entire force under doctor's care... cripple production... cause compensation payments. Protect your men from oil infections by , using Derma-San. Pour one pint of Derma-San into 35 gallons of cutting lubricant and keep Oil Dermatitis out of your plant. Derma-San is ideal for all general plant sanitation DCI1VCR HunnnGTon.inomnn T0RQI1T0 BUHRSff Safetq Industrial Harness There are many industrial operations where Safety Belts or Harness should be worn. Buhrke equipment is made of selected steer hide harness leather or a variety of fabrics as may be required for the particular job. Equipped with forged steel hardware, but where conditions re quire non-sparking equipment, forged brass will be furnished. Our experience is available to assist you in designing special equipment, if necessary, for your requirements. R. H. BUHRKE CO. 4538 Fullerton Ave. Chicago, 111. Style or Safety? (Continued from page 15) must stand or kneel in the seats.- They often obstruct the driver's view in part, and in sudden stops they frequently are thrown to the floor or against the sides of the body. Low seats and small windows dis courage the use of hand signals. The use of automatic semaphore types of signals, such as are compulsory in some European countries, would do much to correct this problem. The current styles in rounded and sagging running boards present a slip pery and dangerous surface when wet or icy. A nonskid type of running board cover would improve safety conditions for entering and leaving a vehicle. A driver who has been bruised in getting into his car thinks more about his pain than about his driving. On vehicles where headlights offer the most convenient means of pushing the car when stalled, these lights must be firmly mounted so that they cannot easily be thrown out of adjustment. In too many cars the use of tire chains is discouraged by the construction of the mud guards and the wheel housings. Bumpers of flimsy construction or bumpers that are not mounted at a standard height may be a source of danger rather than protection. The European sports cars to which previous reference was made do not measure up to American standards of easy riding at more moderate speeds, but they can be handled with safety and assurance at' 100 miles an hour. In America we are producing cars that give the easy riding desired at moderate speeds, and while some of our cars are capable of speeds approaching 100 miles an hour, their road-holding and steer ing characteristics are unpleasant and sometimes dangerous at top speeds. In judging the safety of vehicles we must consider it not only from the new car standpoint, but we must also visual ize what it will be when the car is five to seven years old and has had little maintenance. Some of our present vehicles with flimsy exhaust systems (placed where they can be damaged on bad roads and ramps and of such light material that they will rust through quickly) and vacuum ventilating sys tems can be expected to become decided ly dangerous in a few years. If the highways are to be made safer, drivers must be educated in high speed NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 67 driving. Vehicles must be kept in the best of condition by compulsory inspec tion and by owner education. If the present style trend continues, automobiles are going to be increasingly dangerous to drive. If safer automo biles are to be built, more consideration must be given to the requirements of the driver. An investigation of all causes of driver fatigue should be made by properly qualified experts. From such an investigation would come recom mendations that might be used as stand ards for driving seat positions, adjust ments and cushions; control positions, adjustments, and effort required to oper ate; minimum areas.of the vision (front, side, and rear), wind shield wipers and mirrors; ventilation, wind shield defrost ing and heating; allowable amount of noise and vibration.' It is admitted that style has a power ful sales value, but when style in any way adversely affects the safe operation of such a potentially dangerous weapon as a fast motor car, that style must be curbed. If cars are produced that in time become unsafe, the industry at that later date will suffer for its present haste and lack of attention to safety features. Lehigli Safety Oxfords for Work, Dress and Office Wear Registered U. S. Patent Office There are many industrial occupations where the Lehigh Safety Oxford can be worn with the assurance of adequate protection and also give the wearer complete comfort and style. Especially desirable for superintendants, foremen, workers on assembly lines and where chips or loose material is not apt to fall in the top of the oxford. All our Oxfords are fitted with the improved steel box toe. Complete details gladly sent on request. Safe Drivers Overcome Unusual Road Hazards rpHIRTY drivers of the Keystone Express System, a Southern California motor truck company, were presented with National Safety Council no-accident driver medals and certi- cates at a recent meeting held in the company's motor freight terminal in Los Angeles. Ten of the drivers operated Keystone Express trucks without an accident for a period of one year; eleven drivers maintained a no-accident record for two years; and nine operators for three years. ' Many of the men have to their credit 100,000 miles and more of safe driving. They are sub jected to many hazards, particularly in the winter and spring, when heavy fogs hang over the roads in the early morning. On exception ally cold mornings, in the citrus belt, they must contend with "smudging"--as dangerous to drive through as heavy fog. Heavy rains con stitute another problem. In addition to this there are all the ordinary hazards of driving in n;urov alleyways and congested city streets and also on the open highway. - Drivers receiving one-year awards included Henry Breeher, Thomas M. Dunbar, Leonard C. Eiflcr, John L. Kerr, Billie Hayes, Henry Earl Cockrell, William P. Jeffs, Arnold Smal ley. Roland Farmer, and Archie H. Davidson. Two-year awards were given Hugh C. Hinds, Donald A. Berry, Charles I. Ardinger, Carl Liebig, Earl Roser, William H. Dixon, Roy E. Lacey, Emmert Guyer, Joe L. Orr, Paul Zim merman and Lyle W. Keiser. ~ Three-year awards were made to James W. McGregor, Orris W. Payne. L. E. Dyke. George A. Cary, Cyril F. Weigand, Fred E. Hoover, William Peters, Clarence B. SmeaJ and Russell Payne. FOR OFFICE WEAR 001--Black Calf Bal Oxford, 0 Iron Oak Leather Sole, Rubber Heel, Sizes A G-12, B 0-12, C .1-12, D 1-12, K 5-12. DRESS OXFORD 000 -Gun Metal Blucher Oxford, 9 Iron Oak Leather Sole, Rubber Heel. Sizes, C 5-12, D 5-12, E 5-12. WORK OXFORD 91.1--Black Elk Blucher Oxford, 9 Iron Oak Leather Sole, Rubber Heel. Sizes, D 5-12, E 5-12. 1 LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC. 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. KEEP machinery CLEAN - --and you keep It SAFE--in better running order. THIS Blower drives dry air, free from oil, at terrific velocity but low pressure. Convertible to suction cleaner, i models. CLEMENTS --CADILLAC "/BLOWER BLOW, SPRAY, SUCTION CLEAN: -----Generators . Motors . Control Boards The Most . Power Belt Lines Looms Useful . Milling Machinery Gins Tool itt . Bake Ovens . Stock Bins . A tty Shop . Any Intricate Machinery CLEMENTS MFG. CO. NumHUiSKOasn.sdt Chicago, III MAY. 2936 The Bulletin Board (Continued from page 40) When you look behind the scenes of those companies that have the best safety records invariably you will find a good deal of attention has been given to the proper safeguarding of all machine hazards. H 8C K Guard Accessories are the answer to this important phase of an accident prevention program. Easily assembled in your own plant to meet your specifications. Economical in cost and long lived. Write for prices and details. All H & K Guard Accessories are under inspection service of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. THE HARRINGTON & KING PERFORATING CO. 5645 Fillmore Street--CHICAGO 114 Liberty Street--NEW YORK CITY --ALUMINUM LADDERS Safety, durability and economy are all combined in one when aluminum ladders are used. In addition, are the important features of ease in handling, extreme lightness, strength, fire proofness and cleanliness. Not an experiment--tested under actual use for 5 years before being offered for general use. Illustrated to the left is our Platform Step Ladder that can be furnished in 4-6-8-10 foot sizes. Rigid in construction. Ideal for many uses in all industrial plants. For complete information on single wall, extension, roof, folding and step ladders send for catalog. Aluminum Ladder Company -- --=121 Fifth Avenue, Tarentum, Penna.== operate on definite schedules, arrange ments can nearly always be made with them to handle the entire posting job at reasonable rates. The National Safety Council publishes one special traffic poster monthly in two or three colors. The size is 25x38 inches: (8 units). In addition, there are pub lished other 17x23-inch posters (4 units) and 9x12 inch posters (1 unit) which are suitable for traffic use. Many of the most popular traffic posters published in the past are kept in stock. Forth coming special traffic posters are illus trated in Public Safety the month previous to publication, and in the Na tional Safety News for the month of issue. The other small posters appear in the News each month. Members of the National Safety Council may receive traffic posters as part of the allotment to which they are entitled. Public Safety members are en titled to 300 units per year. If poster orders are placed early enough, the Council can have the imprinting of the member's name done at a lower price when the posters are being printed. The Council will also imprint orders from _ stock at cost, but this is naturally more expensive. Prices of posters in addi tion to membership allotments and prices of imprinting will be furnished upon re quest and arrangements can be made to supply a quantity each month on a standing order. It is often desirable to connect news paper publicity with the posters being displayed at the same time. One of the most successful ways to do this is to use in the newspapers miniature repro ductions of these posters, with short comments. The National Safety Council^ is prepared to furnish electrotype minia ture reproductions of all its posters at $2.00 each. Not Chance But Work (Continued from page 17) The need of education is imperative, of course, but we must not forget for one instant that the shock troops in this war are the public officials who are charged with building, maintaining and policing our highways. The automobile industry joins the National Safety Coun cil in standing squarely behind these authorities and giving them maximum encouragement and assistance in build ing and maintaining an adequate street and highway system, enacting uniform NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 69 standard laws, and enforcing these laws impartially and intelligently. To our distinguished guests, to the official heads of the cities and states which you represent, and to those offi cials of 51 other communities in widely scattered sections of our country who are participating in this program through the magic of radio, I extend the most heartfelt congratulations on behalf of all of us who are banded together in the new war on accidents. You have saved scores, yes hundreds of lives. You have kept thousands of people free from the tragic effects of crippling injuries. These lives saved, these injuries prevented are in themselves the most eloquent praise that could be conferred. The recogni tion we extend to you at this time is meagre indeed compared with the real rewards of your efforts. You sought for, found and identified a most serious emergency in your re spective communities. You recognized clearly the danger signals of traffic acci dents. And you drew the enemy out into the open, and by your courageous, con sistent fight you are driving him from your midst. You have set an example to every other city and every other state. You have proved that it can be done. On behalf of all the allies in the ranks of safety I thank you and congratulate you from the bottom of mv heart. Eye Magnet Is Dangerous For Laymen's Use nPHE old adage about fools rushing in where angels fear to tread is nowhere better exemplified than in first aid for eye injuries. Many physicians in gen eral practice hesitate to use a magnet to extract an iron or steel particle from an injured eye. yet one member of the Na tional Safety Council recently reported an advertisement for such a magnet di rected to laymen. Much damage can be done to an eye if the operator is unskilled in the use of the device, and the American Medical Association has declared that putting such a magnet into the hands of laymen is almost criminally dangerous. Sure Footing IN ALL WALKS o^f* LIFE pn 30 Bn B? 13 0 i m inJ! m El All FACTORY Safety Engineers are primarily interested in preventing acci dents while people are under their supervision, during working hours in factory and office. However, it is a known fact that workers must come to work prepared to prevent as many acci dents as possible if the Safety program is to be successful. Shoes equipped with GRO-CORD or RAW-CORD Soles and Heels when worn by your workers will help to prevent acci dents not only while they are on the job, but at other times as well. Because of its CORD-ON-END construction GRO-CORDS and RAW-CORDS provide the greatest NON SLIP. Good workers are Safe workers; ask them to protect their jobs by wearing GRO-CORD or RAW-CORD Soles and Heels. These soles and heels are made for work shoes--dress shoes--sport shoes, and children's play shoes--providing "sure footing in all walks of Life". OFFICE GRO-CORD and RAW-CORD soles and heels are used exten sively in dairies, on farms, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, gas and electric plants, ice and fuel sta tions, stone quarries, mines, general warehouses--where Safety is an important factor, also street and office. PLAY The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, O. Fully Protected by Patcnts-*Any Infringements Will Be Prosecuted NON-SLIP SOLES AND HEELS FERALUN (JlnthSlip Treads )Also Bronzalun Alumalun and Nicalun PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A New Simile He looked like the kind of man who would pass the car ahead of him on a curve, drop a match in a kerosene can to see if it was empty, try to beat the train to the crossing, or put his fingers in a lion's mouth to see how many teeth it had. --R.ll.L. in Chicago Tribune. A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond, assuring dura bility and anti-slip efficiency. Specify Feralim and Be Sure AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington. New Jersey MAY. 1936 70 Combustible Gases ivtANAGEMENT And Accident Prevention! COSTS mount rapidly when the regu lar man on the turn is replaced because of injury. ~ Costs drop and production leaps ahead when workers are equipped with personal safety equipment tnat permits their "digging in" with no fear of injury. Hundreds of industrial concerns through out the United States employ-time study and efficiency experts in an effort to find ways and means of cutting costs and speeding up production . . . yet many executives frequently overlook the fact that one sure way to reduce costs in op eration is to apply scientific manage- lent to accident prevention. -rsonal safety equipment is more than just any glove or any legging ... it is the proper glove for the job. Why not employ outside advice on these safety problems just as you employ efficiency experts? This service is available . . . and what,is., more, it costs nothing to have your plant inspected for its danger sources by a STEEL-GRIP man. MAY WE SERVE YOU! INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL. Chicago Newark Detroit (Continued, from page 21) With flue gas of ordinary composition, a mixture of somewhat over SO per cent of flue gas with air will be incapable of supporting combustion. Steam is probably the most widely used inert gas. Its advantages and dis advantages have been argued many times. Wet steam has been shown to be a prolific source of static, and for this reason may introduce a source of igni tion. Few large storage tanks have enough steam supply available to bring the entire interior of the tank up to the temperature of about 170 F. necessary to preclude the existence of explosive mixtures. To turn steam into a gasoline tank which is equipped with gas-tight appurtenances, and normally contains vapor too rich to explode, seems an illogical method of fire protection. The result of such treatment is that great volumes of vapor are expelled to create hazard in the vicinity, and subsequently explosive mixtures are formed in the tank when the condensing steam sucks in air. On the other hand, a tank warmed by steam ventilates more quickly than a cold tank, and there is no question that in cleaning small containers an ample steam supply is very effective. The general conclusion is that each case in which steam may be used should be considered individually. While oxygen-lean gas has great value in substituting for air where combustible gas cannot be eliminated, or in displac ing combustible gas prior to admitting air, it should not be relied upon where ventilation will bring unqualified safety. For instance, the recent suggestions that carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen be introduced into small tanks and certain other types of containers which have contained combustibles are not recommended. These attempted "cure-alls" tend to minimize the importance of proper clean ing. Without confirmatory tests in each instance, there is always a chance for misapplication of the process. Liquid carbon tetrachloride in contact with hot metal breaks down into the highly toxic gases, phosgene and chlorine. Further more, any one of the suggested inerts is expensive. The American Petroleum Institute has published a manual on "Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks" developing sound principles which will serve as a safe guide under most cir cumstances involving combustible gas hazards in cleaning equipment. Under certain conditions, substances termed "pyrophoric compounds" are formed which glow or even burst into flame when exposed to the air. One of the best examples of a pyrophoric com pound is the iron sulphide formed in equipment handling those crude oils, petroleum distillates, or cracked petro leums which contain considerable hydro gen sulphide. Ventilation with air in this case is inherently dangerous, so that special methods must be employed. The simplest method, and one frequently used, is to completely fill the equipment in question with water before opening it to the air. Steaming provides a means for venti lating and eliminating oil residues par ticularly well adapted to small equip ment subject to pyrophoric accumula tions. The job must be done thoroughly before admitting air, however, as the steaming leaves any residues warm, and, unless the volatile constituents have been evaporated, more ready to give off vapor than before steaming. Rapid vapor ac cumulations following steaming is not an unusual history. Flue gas has been used with good success in driving out combustible gas without incurring danger from explosive mixtures. A portable flue gas generator for such service in oil refineries has found limited application. After displacement of the combustible gas, washing down of the interior may be done from man holes or hatches as flue gas ventilation continues, or an internal rotating nozzle, such as the Butterworth System pro vides, may be used. In every problem of protection against combustible gas, assurance of success is gained only by making adequate tests. Simple indicator means are available to check all steps of the various methods of protection. It is necessary where dealing with inert gas mixtures, or with vapor concentrations above the lower explosive limit, to mix additional air with the samples tested by a combustible gas indicator. This is done without alter ing the operation of the indicator by placing in the sampling system a device known as a "range multiplier." The additional air introduced insures suffi cient oxygen for reaction with the com bustible present. The resulting reading is then multiplied by a fixed factor, usually 10. to arrive at the concentration of combustible in the original sample. In checking the efficacy of inert gas NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 71 protection, either the oxygen content of the mixture or the inert gas content may be used as an index. With flue gas pro tection, a check for carbon dioxide furnishes the correct and most rapid method for estimating what degree of dilution of the oxygen content has been accomplished. Summing up the subject of controlling combustible gas hazards, greatest em phasis must be placed on the necessity for knowing the condition of every situ ation as it actually exists. To attempt protection without the intelligence af forded by an appropriate indicator is to work blindly. With the problem illuminated by defi nite data, plans~may be laid to avoid or mitigate hazards. In every case con sidered, the primary assumption should be made that a potential source of igni tion exists. Hence, where combustible gas is normally and unavoidably present, protective measures must attempt to make it a safe neighbor for fire by pre venting it from forming flammable mix tures, and then keep the two as well separated as possible. Where gas is in cidental, protection must be directed toward its elimination, and continual vigilance maintained to prevent its en croachment into an area in which a source of ignition is assumed. Small portable turbine blowers are available either with a direct connected electric drive or belt driven. Since it is sometimes difficult to get the blower in a place where no vapor can reach it, an explosion-proof motor is recommended. A gasoline engine driven generator placed in a safe location is used as a source of power where necessary. Several designs of propeller type blower are available. Such devices are remarkably portable considering the amount of air delivered, and installation cost is a minimum. Briefly, they are simply a motor-driven propeller of the airplane type mounted directly in the pipe or duct used for ventilation. Ventilation is only one of several methods of protection against combust ible gas. As a matter of fact, in any case where the normal concentration of gas or vapor is above the explosive range, ventilation would introduce a hazard which did not exist before. Gasoline tanks are kept free from ventilation by building the roofs gas tight and equip ping them with positive acting breathers which allow flow of air inward only to prevent vacuum from collapsing the structure. As a result, the vapor space has explosive mixtures in it over a mini mum period of time and in minimum amount. MAY. 1936 There is DANGER in DUST A Plant with a DUST hazard is not 100'/c "SAFETY FIRST". DUST is a dangerous element that should be controlled. It not only impairs health but is also destructive to equipment and reduces Plant effi ciency. DRACCO Engineers with many years experience in solving DUST problems of every descrip tion, may be able to render you in valuable service. No cost or obliga tion. The NEW DRACCO MULTI-BAG FILTER Write for Bulletin No. 301 DRACCO CORPORATION Successors to The Dust Recovering BC Conveying Co. 4073 E. 116th St. Cleveland, Ohio DON'T let your men SUFFER FROM BURNS! UseTannoid--the"Pain Killer"--to bring last ing relief from the pain of a burn. Tannoid reduces the suffering of your men. You will appreciate also these important advan tages of using Tannoid: 1--Tannoid lessens the toxic effect of a burn. By pre venting the absorption of poisonous substances, which gather around a burn--Tannoid saves lives formerly lost. 2--Local astringent effect of Tannoid prevents loss of body fluids. 3--Secondary infection is markedly limited. 4 --Scar tissue formation is less after the use of Tannoid than observed after ordinary treatments. J0J Tannoid is tvater soluble and greaseless--"No painful scrubbing up" Davis Burn Kit contains: 6--5 or. tubes of Tannoid 10--Bandage Compresses 10--Bandages 6--Applicators Convenient and compact, the Davis Burn Kit provides all necessary materials for quick easy relief for treatment of burns. Use coupon to send i Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. without obligation J 55 Van Dam Street, New York City for full particulars i Please send my copy of your Bulletin on on Tannoid and the j Tannoid to Davis Burn Kit. j Name_____ ________ ___________ ____ ^........... DAVIS ISur,?m^ CO., INC. [ Address_________________________ Chicago, III. New York City Houston, Tex. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., ltd. * San Francisco ! City_______________________________________ 72 SUPERIOR Contest Brings Out Limerick Fans CESCO STYLE NO. 22j0 WIDE VISION GOGGLE Regardless of the goggles you are now using today, this Cesco No. 220 Wide Vision Goggle will appeal to you. This general utility goggle is now available with Super Safety Lenses (optically ground! that not only afford maximum protection against flying objects but also the glass does not change direc tion of the light rays passing through the lens--there is no deviation in the line of sight --eye strain is eliminated. Other features include wide vision, comfort for the wearer and adequate ventilation. One trial of this product and you'll know you have met a goggle you must have. The features are no more spec tacular than its moderate price. Use coupon for de scriptive folder. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD 2323 Warren Blvd. Chicaco, III. Chicago Eye Shield Co.. 2323 Warren Blvd.. Chicago. 111. CO. a 1 PVleisai.osno Osic'giugUl *.me f-ilder slmwititj the N i. Wide NAME. COMPANY I STREET.. j CITY I ( T'S seldom an easy matter to finish Pearl M. Rebinun, 1502 Lunt Ave., Chicago, I a job someone else has started, but 111. Calendar from Western Electric Company. Alfred Leistiko, Vaughn, Mont. Calendar those who took part in the March Safety from Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Great Calendar Contest had little trouble findFalls, 'Mont. ing suitable last lines to finish the limer Harold Jenkins, 206 Front St., Minersville, Pa. Calendar from Hill Coal Co., Minersville. ick on which the competition was based. Mrs. Abbie Conley, 312 Park Ave., Nevada The flood of entries proved that the City, Calif. Calendar from Empire Star Mines limerick fan is a thriving species not only in the United States but also in foreign lands. Co., Ltd., Nevada City. C. A. Kelly, 2929 Fourth Ave., Hibbing, Minn. Calendar from Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Virginia, Minn. The completed limerick which won the first prize of $20 for Harris Brightly, 4568 Carter Avenue, St. Louis, Mo., who received a calendar from Bemis Bro. Bag Company, St. Louis, was: Many entries were eliminated from the competition because they failed to conform to the ryhthm or rhyme scheme of the published limerick. Judges of the contest were Dr. C. H. Joe went for a spin yesterday And whizzed through the streets, so they say-- At sixty per hour Some gadget went sour Now, on Safety, Joe's "harping" away. C. Krackenberger, Southern Natural Gas Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama, who received his calendar from that com pany, won the second prize of $10. His offering was: "Of course, a `nut' would act that way!" Winner of the third prize of $5 was J. F. Jeffreys, Arkansas City, Kansas, Watson, president of the National Safe ty Council: Harry Guilbert, director of the Bureau of Safety and Compensation, The Pullman Company; and L. J. McEnnis. Jr., Publicity Division, National Safety Council. Those who failed to win in one of the first three contests are urged not to be discouraged. The remaining con tests offer sufficient variety to appeal to diversified talents. Realizing the value of the contest plan in promoting safety consciousness, several plants are conducting their own contests in connection with that spon who received a calendar from the Kano- sored by the Council, thus arousing tex Refinery. His last line was: "Have added interest and giving their employ you seen scraps of Joe out your way?" ees a double chance to share in the re- Winners of the fifteen $1 awards were: wards. C. A. Dodds, 4419 East Ninth St., Kansas City, Mo, Gtlendar from Wabash Railway. Mrs. Anne Fry Bailey, 417 Elm Ave., River ton, N. J. Calendar from The Kieckhefer Con Among these are the American Hide and Leather Company, Lowell, Mass.; the Kendall Refining Company, Brad ford, Pa.; the Louisville Car Wheel and tainer Company, Dclair, N. J. Lester B. Lawrence, 512 Holmes Ave., Lima, Ohio. Calendar from The Ohio Power Com pany. Mrs. J. M. Hampton, 429*/2 Woodworth Boul., Port Arthur, Texas. Calendar from The Railway Supply Company; and the Union Steel Products Company, Albion, Mich. Walter Gleason, of the Hammermill Paper Company, Erie, Pa., writes that Texas Company. Joseph H. Clements, 33 Rhode Island Ave., East Orange, N. J. Calendar from Koppers Gas and Coke Co., Kearny, N. J. Arthur G. Keefe, 1016 S. E. Hawthorne the calendar contest is one of the finest things the Council has ever done to stir up home folks on safety. He submits the fact that his own household was up Boul., Portland, Ore. Calendar from The Pull set for several weeks while his son was man Company. working on the January' contest. Margaret L. O'Connell, 52 Lincoln St., Chi copee Falls, Mass. Calendar from The Chico pee Electric Light Dept. Chris P. Skilton, c/o The Delaware & Hud son Railroad Company, Carbondale, Penn. Cal endar from D. & H. R, R. Co. Mrs. M. K, Partenhcimer, 148 Wayne Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. Calendar from Eavenson & Levering Co., Camden, N, J. Irene F. Smith, 1408 Riverview Ave., Wil mington, Del. Calendar from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. M. Wile & Co. Winners in N. y. Endurance Contest HE third no-accident endurance con Ttest of the Associated Industries of New York State, Tnc., came to a close March 26. when an employee of the Du Pont Cellophane Company at Buffalo NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS suffered an arm injury, thus eliminating his company and leaving the firm of M. Wile and Co., Inc., Buffalo, as the win ner of the elimination contest which started October 1, 1934. Ten firms were entered. The contest had run nearly 18 months. With its record still unbroken, the Wile Company had 1,887,036 man-hours to its credit at the time the report was filed. Records of the other nine firms follow: Dunn and McCarthy, Inc., Bingham ton, 1,748,364.75 man-hours in a 13month period; The Pullman Company, Buffalo shops, 1,567,656 man-hours in 8 months; International Business Ma chines Corporation, Binghamton, 1,483, 966 man-hours in 4 months; DuPont Cellophane Company, Buffalo, 1,440,257 man-hours in 17 months and 26 days; Dunn and McCarthy, Inc., Auburn, 1,057,248 man-hours in 9 months; Inter national Paper Company, Fort Edward, 889,590.80 man-hours in 11 months; Procter and Gamble Manufacturing Co., Mariner's Harbor, S. I., 651,264 man hours in 7 months; Washburn Crosby Company, Inc., Buffalo, 587,837 man hours in 7 months; Aeolian American Corporation. East Rochester, 498,421 man-hours in 7 months. A special trophy will be awarded the management and employees of the Wile Company at the Western New York Safety Conference to be held at the Hotel Statler, Buffalo, on May 27 and 28. A fourth no-accident endurance con test will be started at the conclusion of the 1936 State-Wide Accident Preven tion Campaign of the Associated Indus tries. All firms which complete the 1936 campaign with' perfect scores and an ex posure of 200,000 man-hours or more will be eligible to compete in the endur ance contest. No-Accident Awards to 38 Drivers TV!0-ACCIDENT driver awards, issued by the ' National Safety Council, were presented recently to 38 bus and truck operators of the Santa Fe Trail System and the Southern Kansas Stage lines. The presentation meetings were addressed by Roy E. Mason, superintendent of operators in the Wichita Division, and F. A. Hobble, safety supervisor for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. The latter pointed out that safety precautions practiced by the railroad are also applicable to bus and truck operation. Operators who drove buses and trucks one. two and three years, without accident, covering distances ranging from 60.000 to 230,000 miles, were honored at the meetings and presented with safe driver emblems. MAY. 1936 73 lOO uses for VACUUM in industry Here are a few Spencer applications: Cleaning barrels, box cars, shipping rooms and products before shipment; keeping work rooms clean in tea, spice, watch and radio factories. Removing excess sand, soap, starch, lead, fertilizer, wood and paper that accumulates during the process of production. Holding lithographic negatives, lifting paper for sorting, cleaning brass sheets, removing sand from doors, color ma terials from machines, armature chips and coal dust. If your dirt or dust problem is not mentioned above, we would like to hear from you. Spencer Central and Portable Vacuum Cleaning Systems are solving scores of new problems every year. Also they re duce industrial floor cleaning costs. Bulletin on request. SPEncer CENTRAL AND PORTABLE l*"* . HARTFORD VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEMS 1V THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. Only Halsey Taylor Coolers give you ALL these advantages .... Two-stream projector, auto matic stream control, maxi mum health-safety! Heavy cork-insulated walls, bottom and cover --- maxi mum cooling capacity, min.mum icc consumption. Drinking water cannot come in contact with ice or melted water--sanitary! The most sturdy construc tion throughout, troubleproof service, low maintenance costs. Electric The fact is that Halsey Taylor combination coolers and drtnktng fountains have been standard with industry every where for years and have become recognized as without comparison for efficiency and economy. Write for~tatest folder illustrating and describing Halsey Taylor ice and electric coolers as well as wall and pedestal fountains for office or factory! No. 2800 Ice Cooler THE HALSEY W. TAYLOR CO., WARREN, O. Largest Manufacturers of Drinking Fountains Halsey Taylor Cooler Fountains 74 LINEMAN'S INSULATED TOOL BAG Style L For hoisting and lowering tools, insulators and supplies. Manufactured of heavyweight, hard woven canvas and specially designed, flexible, waterproof leather bottom. Collapsible--No metal parts. 12" diameter--15" deep. Side rope loop for placing over pin, holding bag at correct working position. Handle holes and loop holes leather reinforced inside and outside. PREVENT ACCIDENTS Equip your line crews with this serviceable product. Other products purposely de signed for the Electrical Indus try include glove bags, line hose bags, portable danger signs, danger flags, insulated brushes, solder catch pans, pike pole guards, fuse pullers, portable hand lamps, linemen's belts and climbers. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W. Somerset St. PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. Coming Events Of Interest to Safety Men May 5-7, Chicago Fourteenth Annual Midwest Safety Confer ence. (Stevens Hotel.) George G. Traver, manager, Chicago Safety Council, 222 North Bank Drive, Chicago. May 8, Allentown, Pa. Eastern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. (Americus Hotel.) Secretary, M. E. Rice, c/o Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa. May 11-14, Atlantic City, N. J. National Fire Protection Association, Annual Meeting. Franklin H, Wentworth, managing director, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass. May 11-15, Cincinnati, O. Thirteenth Annual Coal Mining Convention and Exposition. Julian D. Conover, secretary, American Mining Congress, Munsey Bldg., Washington, D. C. May 14-15, Charlotte, N. C. Seventh Annual North Carolina Industrial Safety Conference. T. A. Wilson, Commission er, North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, N. C June 4, Nekoosa, Wis. . Wisconsin River Valley Safety Conference. F. H. Rosebush, c/o Nekoosa Edwards Paper Co., Port Edwards, Wis. June 18, Chippewa Falls, Wis. First Annual Upper Mississippi River Valley Safety Conference. William J. Melville, secre tary-manager, Chippewa County Safety Council, Chippewa Falls, Wis. Sept. 23-24, Augusta, Me. State-wide Safety Conference. W. J. Brennan, safety engineer, Department of Labor & In dustry, Augusta, Me. Oct. 5-9, Atlantic City, N. J. National Safety Council, 25th Annual Safety Congress. W. H. Cameron, managing director, 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago. October 26-30, Atlantic City, N. J. American Gas Association, Annual Conven tion. Alexander Forward, managing director, American Gas Association, 420 Lexington Ave., New York City. Nov. 12-13, Pittsburgh, Pa. Thirteenth Annual Safety Engineering Con ference. (William Penn Hotel.) G. E. Clark son, manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, 2409 First National Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. May 16-23, Tulsa, Okla International Petroleum Exposition. The In ternational Petroleum Exposition Safety Con ference will be held May 21 and a first aid meet May 22. Honor Roll May 20-21, Asbury Park, N. J. Twelfth Annual Eastern Safety Conference. Fred M. Rosseland, secretary-manager, Newark Safety Council, 24 Branford Place, Newark, N. J. Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man hours, or 300 working days, May 20-22, London, Eng. National "Safety First" Association. Annual Safety Congress. Lieut.-Col. J. A. A. Pickard. D. S.O., general secretary, 52 Grosvenor Gar dens, I.ondon, S.W. 1, England. are invited for this department* 31 E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. May 21, Erie, Pa. Eleventh Annual Northwestern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. W. E. Dean, secretary, Erie Safety Council, Commerce Bldg., Erie, Pa. May 21, Manitowoc, Wis. Ninth Annual Fox River Valley and Lake Shore Safety Conference. A. L. Nimtz, secre tary, c/o Manitowoc Vocational School, Mani towoc, Wis. May 21-22, Richmond, Va. Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference. (Jef ferson Hotel.) William M. Myers, managing director, Richmond Safety Council, 30 Allison Bldg., Richmond, Va. May 27-28, Buffalo, N. Y. Western New York Safety Conference. Frank E. Redmond, general chairman, 406 Root Bldg., or Wdliam J. Guilbert, executive secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Buffalo, N. Y. June 2-4, Columbus, O. All-Ohio Safety Congress. (Deshler-Wallick Hotel.) Thomas P. Kearns, superintendent, Division of Safety and Hygiene. The Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, O. On March 25 the Power Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Dye Works, Deepwater, N. J., established a record of 1,570, 362 man-hours without a disabling injury. Medusa Portland Cement Co. Two plants of the Medusa Portland Cement Company, located at York, Pa., have worked more than 800,000 man-hours each without a disabling injury accident. The Gray Cement Plant, employing an average of 93 men, re ported 809,949 safe man-hours as of March 31, 1936, at which time the record was still unbroken. The record began Feb. 16, 1931. The White Cement Plant, with an average of 80 employees, has gone 918,091 man-hours --since September 13, 1929--without a dis abling injury'. This record, too, was unbroken at the time of reporting, March 31, 1936. Missouri Portland Cement Co. The Thousand-Day Club, a unique organiza tion of the Cement Section, welcomed its twelfth member on January 22--the Kansas City Mill of the Missouri Portland Cement Co. The mill has operated more than one thousand days without a chargeable injury. The mill celebrated its entrance into the dub NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS with a meeting of all employees, addressed by R. G. Uhlig, general operating manager, John W. Mather, counsel and personnel manager, and other officials. Norfolk & Western Railroad The Portsmouth, Ohio, Shops of the Nor folk & Western Railroad worked from August 23, 1934, to January 24, 1936, for 519 con secutive days, without a reportable (three-day) accident. The number of man-hours recorded during this time was 3,519,789. Roxboro Cotton Mills The Roxboro, North Carolina, plant of the Roxboro Cotton Mills completed the year 1935 without a single disabling injury accident. The 300 employees of the plant averaged 250 eight hour days, or a total of 600,000 man-hours, without a mishap. Texas Electric Service Co. Despite the difficulties of supervision, with employees scattered in 16 localities over a wide area of west Texas, the transmission section of the Texas Electric Service Company has com pleted a five-year period without a disablinginjury accident -- 835,201 safe man-hours -- covering the years 1931 to 1935, inclusive. The record was still unbroken at the date of reporting, April 4, 1936. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. On January 1, 1936, the South Chicago Works of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. completed three years without a disabling in jury accident--a total of 2,663,509 safe man hours, with an average of 466 men working per day. The record began January 2, 1933, and is still unbroken. OS tc </> BROOM SWEEPING MERELY SCATTERS THE FlNfjiuST Old-fashioned floor sweeping stirs up " clouds of fine powdery dust that re-' mains suspended in the air--a to health--a source of costly damage to the semi-finished product. { ' HOFFMAN VACUUM CLEANING REMOVES AND COLLECTS IT Hoffman systems clean thoroughly, scatter no dust. No swept-up piles pfCJ dirt to be re-handled. Coarse fithjr and fine dust alike are col!ecfed"?or. easy disposal. End dust hazards;3^ cleaning costs. Investigate! 75 U. $. HOFFMAN AIR APPLIANCE DIVISION, 111 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK Make Record Despite Shipyard Hazards | Welders9 Protective Garments V^HEN a crew of 70 L men, engaged in a. = particularly hazardous industry' such as shipbuilding, can work 2,390,802 man-hours over a period of two years with only 19 lost time accidents -- the safety organization in charge may well feel that it is approaching its goal. The record cited is that of the Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bath, Maine. During the record period, extending throughout 1934 and 1933, not a single amputation was suffered nor an eye lost, despite unusual hazards encountered daily. Only ten fractures were sustained. I Neither permanent nor partial disability re* I suited to any man in this organization during the period. The lost time involved amounted j to only 365 days. This accomplishment is | believed to be a record for safety' in the ship building industry. For the past six years, accidents have been declining rapidly in the Bath Iron Works. The ratio of hours lost to hours worked has de creased more than 95 per cent since 1930, In 1930 the ratio of hours lost to hours worked was 1.018 per cent; in 1931 it was .905; in 1932, .638; in 1933. .14"; in 1934, .110; and in 1935. .048 per cent. Those who are familiar with the hazards of shipbuilding can appreciate this performance. Although it is classified as metal trades w'ork. shipbuilding is far more hazardous than the ordinary indoor metal trades occupation. The MAY. 1936 No. 1523 -Per fect Welders Sleeve.23 inches 1 o n g covering the entire arm up to the shoulder. Fastened with neck strap fit ted with ad justable snap buckle. Also furnished in 14 and IS inch lengths. Holcomb Welders Garments tff Chrome Leather Sleeves Chrome Luther Gloves Special Chrome 0rte*Fingered Mitts Pigskin Gauntlet Gloves Non-Burnable Heavy Pigskin Gloves Chrome Leather and Fireproofed Duck Bib Aprons Chrome Leather Aprons (Silt Type) Chrome Luther Bibs Chrome Leather, Asbestos and Fireproofed Duck Spats and Leggings Fireproof Blankets ant! Curtains Chrome Leather Coat'. Pants and Jumper Suits The Holcomb Safety Garment Com pany has made a special study of pro tective garments for welders. This has made it possible for them to de velop a complete line of products that will provide maximum protec tion, comfort and dependability. For complete information on these gar ments and a wide variety of safety clothing for all purposes write for a copy of catalog No. ioo. ;= No. 051-Chrome Leather Weld ers' Bibs. A re cent Holcomb innovation that insures com plete protection against burns to the neck, chest and waist from arc weld ing. HOLCOMB SAFETY GARMENT CO. 118 N. Jefferson St. Chicago, III. An Exclusive Holcomb Dcv)0|.r,ent 76 BRESENTING tfew Justus Safety Cans/ Waste f Can JUSTRI T E'S Automatic oily Waste O.ms give you safety, ei-uitiniy, cfllcletu'y. Opens with foot, doses autonutlcally. Leaves lioth hands free --a great feature! Reduces Insur ance rate, ra pacity: 0. 8. 10. It Ballons, JUSTRITE presents a New Im provement in the 2, 3 and 5 gallon Safety Cans. The carrying handle has been redesigned. This permits "Easier Carrying" and `More Accurate Pouring." Large Spout--easily filled direct from filling station hose--no funnels required. See how easy it pours--the most efficient can for the workman. Automatic spring controlled spout cap. Natural Hand Grip--^ opens in one operation -- closes automatically. A safe container for carrying explosive and vola tile liquids--no leakage or evapo ration. Labeled by the VnuerwrHers* Laboratories, Inc., and Approved bv the Associated Fac tories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. LESSENS INSURANCE ' rates rioted your plant --your employees -- hiwrr your insurance rate premiums--hy installing ilio latent Improved and ap proved JCSTRITE Safety Devices TO DAY'. See your dealers or write us for interesting prices and literature. SIZES l pint to S Gallons Opens with Foot Closes automatically r Justrite Mfg. Co. 20S7 Southport Avenue CHICAGO. ILLINOIS The Improved Lincoln Twin Disc Combination Scrubbing and Polish ing Machine V *.- NEGLECTED FLOORS .. Afe-'TC.-eL- r ''H. work is done on staging, through winter and summer months. During the time covered by the report of the Bath Iron Works, the U. S. S. Dewey was built, launched and delivered, and two other vessels of similar design were practically com pleted and ready for launching. A complicat ing factor in the problem of building these ships was the fact that they were atc-welded for the most part instead of riveted. A great part of the success in attaining this record is attributed to housekeeping, for scrupu lous cleanliness marks the operations. At the weekly safety meetings management and men sit side by side to work out safety problems. No-Accident Awards Won by 86 Drivers T'JESPITE the hazards of congested Brooklyn traffic, 86 salesmen drivers of the Larsen Baking Company, Inc., of that city, completed the last fiscal year without an accident. In recognition of this extraordinary record, the salesmen were awarded no - accident driver medals issued by the National Safety Council. The presentation took place April 4 at a meet ing of the company's entire sales force. Five-year awards were given to three drivers; 15 drivers won four-year awards; 16 were given three-year awards; 22, two-year awards; and the remainder one-year awards. In making the presentation Charles E. Larsen, president of the company, said: "The record of these drivers is plain proof of what can be accomplished with care. If trucks such as these can he operated all day on the streets of a congested city in complete safety to pedestrians and vehicles, what excuse has the driver of a pleasure car for being in volved in an accident? Utter disregard for traffic regulations and lack of consideration for the rights of others characterize too much of the average driving everywhere. If all motor ists exercised caution and good common sense, the terrific life toll would be greatly reduced." A gift of the company's .stock was presented to each of the drivers winning a safety award. E. S. Rutter, director of safety, reviewed the company's safety record. He also called atten tion to the National Safety Council's Five-Year Program to reduce accidents 35 per cent or more, urging cooperation in this move. A congratulatory message from VC\ H. Cameron, managing director of the National Safety Council, was read. EXACT AN APPALLING TOLL IN OUTPUT AND PROFITS THIS frequently overlooked barrier to efficient plant operation handicaps workers--delays the movement of materials and creates a safetv hazard that frequently proves fatal. Lack of proper floor cleaning equipment is mainly responsible for this alarming condition. Alert to this fact, hundreds of industrial execu tives have solved their floor maintenance problem with a LINCOLN Twin-Disc. These miracle floor machines quickly remove heavy accumulations of grease, dirt, steel chips and other extraneous mat ter and leave a safe, sanitary floor. Let us demon strate this to vmi at our expense. Write for com plete details on our FREE demonstration offer. LINCOLN-SCHLUETER OR MACHINERY COMPANY, INC. W. Grand Ave. Chicago, III. 1 7he LINCOLN Twin Disc * SCRUBS - WAXES -- P OLISHES 7 Employees Honored For Safety Record '"pHE second best safety experience in the company's history was recorded by the Edi son Company of Boston during the past year, during which both the frequency and the severi ty rates of lost time accidents were exceptional ly low. There was not a single fatality and only 40 disabling injury* accidents. As a reward for their cooperation in making this record possible, more than 700 employees of the company were guests at recent dinner meetings. Employees in the generating, dis tribution, laboratory, general service, supply and meter reading departments were included. Sidney Hosmer, vice president and general manager, and Leavitt L. Edgar, operating vice president, spoke of the importance of con tinued individual effort for safety. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 77 Robert E. Dillon, generating superintendent, was presented with a bronze plaque marking the victory of the Boston Edison Company power station employees in the 1935 competi* tion with employees of the Duquesne Light Company of Pittsburgh. - THE Awards Won by Van Drivers rl^EN van drivers of the Neptune Storage, ** New Rochelle, New York, were presented with National Safety Council Safe Driver Awards recently for driving an aggregate of 190,000 miles without accident. Two-year awards were made to John Des mond (55,000 miles); Frank Jorge (30,000 miles) ; John White (20,000 miles) ; Edward Hane (20,000 miles); Harry Olson (15,000 miles) ; John W. Brown (10,000 miles). One-year safe driving medals, were awarded to William Troisi X*0,000 miles); Robert McClellan (8,000 miles) ; John Clark (8,000 miles) ; and Lawrence Geisel (4,000 miles). Ben F. Kirschcnbaum, vice president of Neptune, presided. William J. Fleming, safety engineer for the Globe Indemnity Company, who spoke before the presentation of awards, commended the men for maintaining a perfect record despite the hazardous driving conditions prevailing this winter Hold Training School for Factory Inspectors A COURSE in factory inspection training, sponsored by the Division of Labor Stand ards in cooperation with the School of .Hygiene of Johns Hopkins University, was inaugurated in Baltimore on February 10, with a registra tion of 27 inspectors from Maryland, North Carolina, West Virginia and Tennessee. The sessions of the school lasted 10 days, during this period the common problems which confront all factor)* inspectors in the adminis tration of safety and health laws were thor oughly discussed. A portion of each day was devoted to the Inspection of selected factories and industrial units in the Baltimore area. Morning sessions were given over to a discus sion of such problems as protective devices, fighting, ventilation, and kindred subjects. Following the Baltimore sessions, the in spectors visited the Division of Labor Standards where conferences were held with officials o1* the Department of Labor, including the Chil dren's Bureau. Women's Bureau, etc. VVILU6 EVER LEARN HANDIEST AND BEST AMPOULE ON THE MARKET With handy rubber screw cap, which prevents evaporation, leakage and deterioration. MULTI PLE FILLED ECONOMICAL With your choice of any of the followingOIL of SALT Iodine Mercurochrome (H.W.D.) Methaphen Ferric Chloride Merthiolate Packed 2 cc in wood container 10 cc in cardboard sleeves SAFE--CONVENIENT These applicators are not only convenient and safe but are also economical. The solu tion feeds direct to the wound through the smooth glass tip, thus avoiding the usual use of cotton that absorbs the solution causing considerable waste. A profitable item for Jobbers and First Aid Supply Houses. Write for Samples and Quotations C. A. MOSSO Laboratories ,215 So. Leavitt St., Chicago, 111. New and Improved GAS TIGHT GOGGLE BECAUSE the new Davis Gas Tight Goggle is completely moulded in one piece, head strap and eye cups, there is a direct saving to you in replacement costs as compared with a goggle with a garter elastic head band which soon loses its elasticity and becomes useless. Extremely light of weight, this goggle is considerably more com fortable to wear than a heavier goggle which is annoying on the face. Your men will also be pleased with the wider vision of the Davis Gas Tight Goggle as well as the feature of "non-fogging." Use coupon to send now, with out obligation, for circular con taining more detailed information. MAY. 1936 Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on Davis Gas Tight Goggle to DAVIS ISEu1?^Svr CO., INC. Chicago, III. Nftw York City Houston, Tex. Dovis Emergency Equipment Co., Lid. San Francisco Name Address____________________________________ City_____ _________________________ _NO-1 78 jSiypyard Establishes Frequency Rate A NEW safety record in shipyard work has been set by the Federal Ship building and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N. J., which completed the past year with an accident frequency rate of 3.9 per million man-hours worked. Only 17 men out of an average work ing force of more than 2,200 lost time during the year through accidents, and none of these was seriously injured. The Federal's nearest competitor among ship yards along the Atlantic Coast had a frequency rate of 8.24. Rates of other yards for 1935 were 9.53, 9.68, 16.07, 19.65 and 49.86. A well coordinated safety program, which places direct responsibility on a maximum number of employees, is given credit for Federal's achievement. The organization is headed by a central safe ty committee, meeting monthly, and con sisting of four representatives of the em ployees and four of the management. The employee members are chosen by employee - representatives in the plant. 3461 PANGBORN DUST COLLECTORS are now CONTROLLING .......... DUST One of the members is elected from the employee-representative group, but the remaining three may or may not be em ployee-representatives, according to the discretion of the electors. The management members of the cen tral committee include the manager of industrial relations, who acts as chair man, and three assistant superintend ents. In addition to the central committee there is a safety committee in each shop, consisting of three to seven members, according to the size of the shop force. These groups meet at least once a month in the offices of the foremen, who serve as chairmen. At the end of a threemonths' period the men are excused from attending further meetings, though they are still considered members of the shop safety committees, and new members are chosen to meet with the foremen. In this way more and more employees are being added to the safety organiza tion, and eventually the majority of men in the plant will be members. Contests Aid Railroad in Accident Reduction More and more, day by day, Industry learns (to its sor row) of the power Dust has to destroy property. But looking on the bright side, more and more manufac turers, engineers and industrialists are learning that Pangborn modern Steel Frame, Cloth Screen Collectors efficiently and economically CONTROL DUST--stop ping its destructiveness and converting it into useful and profitable by-products. What is being done for others can be done for you. Let's talk it over now. Write for information PANGBORN CORPORATION The World's Largest Manufacturer of Blast Cleaning and Dust Collecting Equlpntent HAGERSTOWN * * MARYLAND /TT* KH TEI * Have all of th ese Protection Features! CTEF.L or Composition Safety Toe Optional on All Styles. --Wire Staple Stitching (not nails) of Uppers to Selected Maple Wood Soles. --Full Gusset that keeps out dust. --All seams sewed tightly with Wax Thread of High Ten sile Strength. -Soft Pliable Sole Leather Counters (not hard irritat ing composition). . -c--High Quality Soft Felt Insole. There is no greater foot protective shoe at any price. Write for our low quantity prices.' F. J. STAHMER SHOE COMPANY, DAVENPORT .......... IOWA A T THE end of eight years of organ ized safety contests the Pennsyl vania Railroad System looks with satis faction upon a reduction of more than 73 per cent in accident frequency. Summarizing the results of the 1935 employees' safety contest, officials of the railroad report an average of 5.1 accidents to employees per million man hours worked. Before the contest plan was inaugurated in 1927, there had been 19.1 casualties per million man-hours. In the competition among the major regional units of the System, the New York Zone won first place with 4.20 reportable (three-day) accidents per million man-hours in all departments. In the Equipment Maintenance Divi sion the Altoona Works won first place among the major units, establishing the remarkably low record of 1.83 accidents per million man-hours. Altoona Works is a large industrial plant, producing some of the heaviest units manufactured, including electric and steam locomotives, freight and passenger cars, and parts for both locomotives and cars. Heavy equipment repair work is also done there. During the period of the record a con siderable part of the construction work on the Pennsylvania's new streamline electric and steam locomotives was com pleted at Altoona, as well as a large order for new freight cars, much of the work being done under rush conditions. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Nineteen operating units of the rail road participating in the contest made perfect records in one or more depart ments. Not all of them, however, were counted as winners, because the contest rules declare that where two or more units in a single group have perfect records, the award is given to the one working the largest number of man hours. 79 He socks 'em a mile BUT HE THREE-PUTTS EVERY GREEN States Strengthen Safety Activities HE war on traffic accidents, spon drivers. Plans are being worked out for Tsored and directed by the National an expanded driving test. Safety Council in an effort to re Mainc -- The Maine highway safety duce the slaughter on the streets ancdampaign organization is planning a highways 35 per cent or more by the ensdtate-wide highway safety conference for of 1940, is rapidly crystalizing and tatkhe middle of June. ing form. Local safety councils, state New Mexico--A state highway safety safety councils already in existence and conference was held April 20 in Santa public officials are working in close co Fe. operation with the eight field men re Minnesota -- An attendance of 800 cently sent out by the Council. state, county, and city officials and citi In many areas existing organizations zens from all parts of the state marked are broadening and strengthening their the Minnesota Public Safety Committee activities to synchronize them with the award presentation dinner, held in St. tempo of the five year plan. In other Paul April 14. The State Safety Coun sections working organizations are being cil is working vigorously to improve its set up. traffic accident prevention work. The movement of the campaign is in Michigan -- Four committees have dicated in reports from various centers been named to direct the four-point pro of activity. gram consisting of legislation, educa Arizona--Governor B. B. Moeur has tion, enforcement and engineering. issued a proclamation asking complete New Jersey--The New Jersey Safety cooperation in the campaign and calling Council adopted a constitution and by for a meeting in Phoenix to organize a laws at a state conference March 25. state safety council which will be charged The articles provide for the organization with the responsibility of making the of local and county safety councils campaign a success. throughout the state, in addition to state Kansas--One of the many new ac wide committees. tivities undertaken by the Kansas Safety Council is the preparation, by the super intendent of education, of a course in Pennsylvania--The Governor's High way Safety Council, together with an executive board composed of public of safety education for the grade schools. ficials, is working energetically on a pro A 100-day campaign with a "Safety gram which contemplates the organiza Caravan" is being undertaken by the tion of county, city, township and bor Kansas American Legion under the ough committees throughout the state. leadership of Earl Todd, State Safety Utah--Salt Lake City, through the Chairman and Highway Commissioner. State Industrial Commission, has invited Iowa---The Iowa State Safety Council the Pacific Coast Safety Conference to has organized nearly a score of county meet there in September. safety councils and is having difficulty in keeping up with the demands for organization from practically all coun Question Asker: "Do you drink?" ties in the state. Nebraska -- The Nebraska Safety Council is also busy organizing local groups. The Council plans to sponsor a uniform state traffic law and a drivers' license law. New York -- The Bureau of Motor Vehicles is adopting a more rigid and thorough examination of automobile Man: "No." Asker: "Why don't you drink?" Man: "My boss forbids it, my cus tomers won't allow it and it goes against my conscience." Asker: "`Those are surely good rea sons. What business are you in?" Man: "I'm a bartender.'' BE SURE YOUR FIRE EXTINGUISHER HAS NONE... I uliLJKJL. o no competition like in dustry. Second-raters don't fit in . . . especially fire extinguishers that can't do a complete job. Can the extinguishers in vour plant come through in emergencies? Can they handle paint or gasoline blazes? Short-circuited electrical equipment fires? Do they leave a mess, create dangerous fumes? The safe answer to all these ques tions lies in one and only one ex tinguisher-- LUX. Safety engineers rely on LUX to kill all kinds of fires . . . snuff them out with a fire-killing blizzard of carbon dioxide snow. LUX is clean, dry and harmless to man or materials. It leaves no mess, no gas. Yet it is the fastest known extin guishing agent. __ Fire extinguishers that do their jobs as efficiently as LUX have a definite place in thousands ofindustrial plants. A new booklet describes the value of LUX to you. Write for your copy of "Instant Death to Any Fire." Walter Kidde & Company 51 Weit Street, Bloomfield, N. J. For Ail Electrical and Flammable Liquid Fires MAY. 1936 80 With the manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published Over the Shoe Boot A new style of boot to serve outdoor workers in wet weather is announced by the Industrial Products Company, 800 W. Somerset Street, Philadelphia, Pa. It fits right over regular shoes and is said to be ards of water, ice, oil, etc. The large area of the contact plates also provides a safe footing on soft ground. The shoes arc self-aligning to assure a solid footing for the ladder on uneven surfaces and a stop prevents the ladder front being set at un safe angles. Xo drilling of ladder rails is necessary as the design of the saddle acts as a ferrule for rail ends and takes the wear and tear off the swivel bolt. This ladder shoe is made of a strong light weight aluminum alloy. Safety Belt for Window Cleaners A new departure in construction of a bolt-type window cleaners' belt is an nounced by the Rose Manufacturing Com pany, 2265 South Logan Street, Denver, Colo. They state the Safe-Hi Bolt Belt is Pyro Optical Pyrometer The Pyrometer Instrument Company. 10S Lafayette Street, Xcw York, an nounces the Pyro optical pyrometer for accurately measuring temperatures in processes involving the production or ap plication of high heat. With this instru ment high temperatures are measured by comparing and balancing the brightness of the hot body with that of a calibrated electric lamp. It is used for measuring temperatures from 1-400 degrees F. to the restful as the shoes take the weight. It is easy to put on or take of?. Made of rubber with net lining and provided with strap and buckle at the top for holding securely around the leg. It is serviceable for a variety of uses. . Halco Sweat Band A new accessory for wearers of goggles is announced by the A. H. Halperin Com pany, Inc., 267 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Mass. It is designed to prevent foggy lenses and do away with faulty vision, an noyance and danger. It is worn on the forehead and snaps on and off easily. It has replaceable sterile gauze bands. The Halco Sweat Band can be washed many times. Safety and efficiency are aided by keeping goggles free from sweat and fog. Non-Skid Ladder Shoe The American Allsafe Company. Inc., 210 Franklin Street, Buffalo. N. Y., an nounces a new non-skid ladder shoe. Large carborundum grits provide a non-skid, grip on all surface? such as steel, wood, con crete and other types of floor? under haz highest known temperatures attainable in industrial or scientific work. It requires only a very small surface on which to sight and there is practically no limit to the distance at which the object may be observed. It is further claimed the rapid increase of the photometric intensity of the light emitted by a hot body in comparison with the temperature is shown by the fact that the visual effect of red radiation at 2500 degrees F. varies twelve times as fast as the temperature. A small change in the temperature, therefore, results in a great variation in brightness, and measurements made this way provide a means for deter mining temperatures with precision and accuracy. Each instrument is furnished in a strong leather covered steel carrying case. The inside cover contains a spare service lamp and a red tip master lamp, besides . the service lamp in the instrument. It weighs about three pounds. made to withstand any fall with only one side of the belt attached. This type of fall puts a great strain on the equipment. A 200 pound weight dropped eight feet ithe customary length of such belts) ex pends 1.600 foot-pounds of energy, the same as a 1.600 pound weight dropped one foot. Some of the new and exclusive features claimed, for this belt are: new waist belt of linen webbing with 5,600 pounds tensile strength and with special stainless steel tongueless buckle: aluminum bronze ter minals testing over 70,000 pounds per square inch and over five tons on each terminal: new, safe, and convenient lock ing device: new bronze rope eyes, through which both the waist belt and the ropes are inserted: new adjustment loop of stain less steel, welded into the terminal; a new rope produced especially for this belt, it is soft, pliable,, waterproof yacht manila used double, giving a total strength of 5,600 pounds: a new and safe method of "adjusting and fastening ropes; a new ter minal which fits both single and double anchors and is so designed as to put the minimum strain on the anchors either in leaning back or in falling: a very light belt, approximately five pounds, with a specially designed back rest to protect the wearer from rubbing, chafing and pinching. Floor Truck for Fragile Products A new floor truck listed as Xo. 1595 "Q" type is announced by the Lewis-Shepard Company. Watertown Station, Boston, Mass. The manufacturer states this truck has a one piece steel frame, arc - welded throughout: a smooth flush hardwood top, steel bound all around: roller bearings in all wheels and castors: and is equipped with new type, easy rolling, industrial bal loon tires to save floors, make less noise, do less damage to the load and to more safely han-hc fragile products. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 81 Circulating Fan A new line of circulating fans is an nounced by Propellair, Inc., Springfield, < )hio. They state this new fan, which can be operated at either of two speeds, Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY A Service For Our Readers Now is the time to devote more study to all types of equipment and products which can lower production costs through factors of safety. Find out now what the market offers. The publications listed below will be sent free and without obligation to readers of National Safety News. Indicate on coupon the publication you desire. is distinguished by the amount of air flow it supplies and by its thrifty use of cur rent. Special construction has so reduced the hum that it can be used in all rooms where a minimum of noise is desirable. It is furnished with a pearl grey baked enamel finish to harmonize with any in terior. It is available in four different mountings, floor, wall, ceiling and bench, making it adaptable to all uses. Safety Overturn Switch This device is designed to minimize the risk of fire by automatically breaking the ignition circuit when a motor vehicle over turns. It contains two specially designed mercury switches set at a carefully prede termined angle. The manufacturer claims the construction of these switches is such 1. Aluminum Ladder. Catalog No. i. This catalog illustrates and describes a number of ladders of all aluminum con struction adaptable to many industrial uses. Aluminum Ladder Company. 7. The Pyroil News. The March issue of this interesting publication tells about the manufacturer of Pyroil and gives a pic ture story of how and where it originates. Pyroil Company. 2. Are You Protected Against Toe Accidents? Interesting folder cov ering safety shoes, oxfords and rubber foot wear for foot protection for all industrial operations. Lehigh Safety Shoe Company, Inc. 8. Play Safe. This interesting little fold er shows how perforated metal together with other guard accessories can be used to make guards to protect against machine haz ards. The Harrington and King Perforating Company, 3. Fractional Size Couplers. Folder illustrates and describes fractional size automatic couplers for mine and industrial cars. Have all the features of full size standard railway couplers. American Steel Foundries. 9. Anti-Slip Products, a four page folder dealing with anti-slip products for all walkway surfaces. Included are a number of dimensional drawings showing various applications. American Abrasive Metals Company. 4. Instant Death to Any Fire. This interesting pamphlet illustrates and de scribes all sizes of carbon dioxide portable fire extinguishing equipment. Included is a rew model recently placed on the market. Walter Kidde and Company, Inc. 5. Combination Surface and Needle Pyrometers. Literature il lustrates and describes this set of instruments adaptable for use in die casting, plastic mold ing, rubber processing, paper, textile, elec trical, pottery and many other industries. The Pyrometer Instrument Company. 10. Non-Tamp Plug Fuses. Folder covers these new fuses that fit all stand ard or ordinary porcelain cut-out blocks, panel board receptacles, etc. Also illustrates and describes the non-tamp cut-out fuse cabinet panels. National Electric Products Corporation. I I. Handy Data Book on Chains. Catalog No. 7. An interesting book on all kinds of chain, both welded and weldless. More than a catalog as it contains valuable data compiled in handy reference form dealing with chain wear, stress, etc. Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corporation. that no amount of bouncing or jarring can break the circuit, but as soon as the switch is tipped beyond the angle at which the vehicle will overturn, the mercury flows to the opposite end of the tube. This opens the circuit ami kills the motor. It is a small compact unit of molded plastic, ruggedly built, requires no service or ad justment and draws no current. . Manu factured by the Pines Winterfront Com pany, 11.35 W Cicero Avenue, Chicago. Stiipublished on this pane are { !based on the claims of the manufac turer. While the National Safety News cannot guarantee these statements, they are believed to he accurate. MAY, 1936 6. Pallet Handling Equipment. Four page folder illustrating, specifying and describing equipment designed solely for the handling of the new low 3 l/z inch clear ance pallets on which tin plate, strip steel, etc., is being shipped by manufacturers. Barrett-Cravens Company. 12. Megolite Safe Flashlight. This folder gives an interesting description of a new flashlight designed for dependable safe use in oil and gas plants, ships, mines and all places where fire, gas, explosion, chemical or electrical hazards are present. Inertia Devices, Inc. ^ NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. Please have sent to me the publications I have checked: Name................... .................................................................................. Title.................................... ............................ ............................ Company.......................................... ................................................. .. Address................... ........................................... ................................... 82 DIFFERENT IN COLOR--GREATER IN BENEFIT AND RESULTS --Yet essentially the same product used for many years throughout tho field of industry, engineering and maintenance. Accredited laboratory and field tests show Pyroil to markedly Increaso power; reduce wear; cut friction: speed production; provide unusual protec tion against fire hazards and common damage dangers to frictional areas of equipment. Pyroil is not Just a "graphite oil" although it con tains a suitably balanced quantity of truly colloidal graphite. It is not Just a "break-in" oil: it docs not accelerate wear. Its new color is dark wine red. FREE, INTERESTING ANO IMPORTANT CHARTS. PHOTOMICROGRAPHS. REPORTS. . WRITE FOR THESE. NO OBLIGATION. Manufactured and Guar anteed by Pyroil Company. W. V. Kidder. Founder, 933 LaFollette Ave.. LaCrosse. Wis., U.S.A. Evcry-Containcr Bears this Signature Founder i*. EmERGEflCIES HALCO; KITS Complete Unit Type Fint Aid Service for all plants, public utilities, contractors, etc. Refills according to individual specifications--20 gauge steel container -- con> venient, economical units for individual use, insuring positive stertl* ballon--note open kit for contents. /Sofcfyfake /WHITE FDR SAMPLES ON APPROVAL atu PRICES A.E.HALPERTfTrn.&r Home, of;HaJlcoSafety rAodudA 267 ATLANTIC AVE. BOSTON,MASS. Men Against the Floods (Continued jront page 57) 18, preparations had been made by Superintendent S. C. Hoey and Service Manager Elmer Simpson. Nine drying ovens were constructed by candle light, a repair schedule for large utilities and industrial plants was formulated, 450 trained employees were organized in twelve-hour shifts and a simplified cleri cal system was arranged for emergency repair work. Then came the flood of damaged equipment. During a three-day period (the week end of March 21) about 1,500 units ar rived for repair. Rapid delivery was made possible by 17 special drying ovens, some electrically heated and others heat ed by steam. Special vacuum type ovens maintaining 95-110 C. temperature dry out 25 stators and 25 rotors in six hours as compared to 16 hours in conventional repair shop ovens. Where it was impos sible to bring equipment to the shop, experts were sent out to service it on location. To aid the hard-pressed local forces, technicians'were rushed by trucks from the Westinghouse Philadelphia plant. The General Electric Service shop at Pittsburgh had a maximum of ten feet of water on the first floor at the height of the flood. By Friday, March 20. the flood had receded, and the operation of ovens had been started. Experienced repair men were sent from other plants to aid in the reconstruction. One of the interesting services was in connection with a short wave radio ap peal, asking for a 125-HP induction mo tor for the pumping station at Tarentum. Pa. A G-E employee at his home in Schenectady heard the call Saturday afternoon. He notified the company office; contact was established with Tar entum and the need confirmed, and the motor was sent from Schenectady by truck. Countless other instances might be cited of how companies, sorely pressed by the flood themselves, managed to serve their customers with essential needs in spite of incredible difficulties. If there is any comfort to be salvaged from a disaster which claimed some fifty lives and caused property damage of a quarter of a billion dollars, it is the re moval of many hazards from the base ments of down-town Pittsburgh. There was the usual proportion of bad house keeping to be found in such quarters, the usual collection of combustible rub bish. and a large amount of questionable electrical wiring which had to be cut out. replaced and inspected before service was restored. The Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, shut off from its headquarters on the twenty-fourth floor of the First National Bank Building, established temporary offices at the home of the manager, George E. Clarkson. Contact with members was maintained and some of the more important activities carried on, including the industrial safety school meetings at points in the Greater Pitts burgh area which were high and dry. A committee meeting by candle light de cided to postpone the Annual Safety Engineering Conference, originally scheduled for April, until November 13. Pittsburgh refused to be discouraged by the ordeal of high water. The river had scarcely returned to its normal chan nels before the familiar smoke pail again hung over the mills along the Ohio and its tributaries. The city is making up for lost production. American tourists are staying away from the war zone in Europe, much to the regret of the shipping companies. Many will avoid danger by taking their vacations on American highways where 36.400 non-combatants were killed last year.--The Houghton Line. Slippery walking surfaces in your plant breed accidents and injuries, which add to operating costs. Stop these haz ards with PLASTIC FUT-SURE. Economi cal to buy--easy to apply, it makes floors, stairs and ramps safe. Write for folder. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. 2068 College Ave. Niagara Falls, N. y. PIASTIC FUT-SIJRE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 83 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Mason Abrasive Iron, Bronze, Alvminom and Nickel Safety Treads Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers' Section .............. 84-85-86 Aluminum Ladder Co....................................68 American Abrasive Metals Co.................. 69 American Mason Safety Tread Co........... 83 American Optical Co..................................... 8 American Telephone & Telegraph Co. .37 Blaw-Knox Company .................................. 62 Brown Shoe Company ............................... 49 Buhrke Company, R. H.................................66 Bullard Company, E. D............................... 65 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc..................................................39 A CAST safety stair tread in which aluminous abrasive is Chicago Eye Shield Co................................. 72 imbedded in the wearing surface Clements Mfg. Co............................................ 67 effectively preventing slipping Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp............53 whether wet or dry. Treads are Cover, H. S........................................................61 easily and ^quickly installed on new or old work. For use with concrete, wood, marble, slate and other types of stairs. Furnished in three surfaces, Fluted, Diamond Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc...........................................................63-71-77 Dayton Safety Ladder Co........................... 83 Dracco Corporation .................................... 71 Hatched and Plain. Over 40 years* Experience is Ellwood Safety Appliance .Co.................... 64 at your service for the asking. Fairway Laboratories ..............................--64 AMERICAN MASONj Frigidaire Corporation ............................... 7 SAFETY TREAD CO. LOWELL, MASS. General Abrasive Co...................................... 82 General Electric Co....................................... 5 IN STOCK AT TEN PLANTS RYERSON STEEL-SERVICE Halperin Co., Inc., A. E. ............................82 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ... 68 Holcomb Safety Garment Co...................... 75 Huntington Laboratories, Inc.................... 66 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. ., ,33 Saves Falls The man on a Day ton Safety Ladder has no fear of fall ing. He works fast er and better, saves your time and money. The Dayton does not tip or wabble, has wide platform with protecting guard rail. Made of airplane spruce --light and strong--in sizes 3 to 16 feet. Moderately priced. Write Dept. NSN-5 for details. The DAYTON SAFETY LADDER Co- 121-123 West 3rd St. Cincinnati, Ohio BAYTON Safety Ladder (Patented) , . rfiuok carried in Pacific Coast by E,, D. Bullard Co., Los Angeles and San Francisco, and by ICO oilier distributors from o ast to coast. Made and distributed in .Canada l.v Safety Supply Co.. Toronto. _-- 11 Chicago Jersey City Industrial Gloves Corp..................................70 Industrial Products Co..................................74 International Shoe Co................................... 3 Justrite Mfg. Co.............................................76 Kidde & Co., Inc., Walter ......................... 79 Klein & Sons, Mathias ............................. 54 HEAT CRAMPS Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc...................... 67 Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co...................... 4 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co........................ 69 Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. ...76 We are able to give you com plete informa Save Time and Money Macwhyte Company ....................................56 McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Co.............. 83 Mine Safety Appliances Co....................... .. Inside Front Cover Mosso Laboratories, C. A........................... 77 tion on the j effective treat- I ment and pre vention of In Handling Boiler Plate T'S expensive to handle boiler plate National Safety Council, Inc................35-57 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co................ ...83 Heat Cramps, through the use of C.P. I with old-fashioned chains or hooks, Pangborn Corporation ................... 78 which have a tendency to slip, causing Propellair, Inc................................................... 65 accidents. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp............. .................Inside Back Cover The use of Never Slip Safety L'lamps Pyroil Co. 82 will reduce these expenses, because Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co.................... 63 these clamps do not slip. Two clamps and chains will do the work of four Safety Equipment Sodium Chlor ide. The expense is small and results are convincingly satisfactory. bent hooks and chains, and do it with out harming the plate. Even at an angle. Never Slip Clamps will hold work without slipping. Made in two styles for lifting plates horizontally and vertically. Write for details Safety First Shoe Co................ 59 Spencer Turbine Co...................................... 73 Stahmer Shoe Co., F. J............................... 78 Stonehouse Signs, Inc................................... 61 Taylor Co., Halsey W..................................73 Trimont Manufacturing Co.........................51 Trumbull Manufacturing Co...................... 62 U. S. Hoffman Machinery Corp................75 McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Division McKesson & Robbins, incorporated 1382 West 9th Street Cleveland, Ohio Please send additional information on pre vention of Heat Cramps. Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 Grand CentrafAnnex, New York, N.Y. West Disinfecting Co..................................... 59 Westinghouse Lamp Company ,,,,,,, ,55 Williamsport Wire Rope Co........................ 2 Willson Products, Inc.................................. 1 Name ____________ ________ _ . . . Street....,....... .......... ........................- City...................--.............................. - _. Sta te_________________________- . - - MAY, 1936 The Buyers' Service See Advertisers' Index, Page 83--When writing, please mention National Safety News A Accident Prevention Service National Safety Council. Inc Abrasives American Abrasive Metals Co. American Foundry Equipment Co. General Abrasive Co. Adhesive Tape and Plaster Komovor Alarms, Fire Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ampoules, First Aid Bernhard, Robert A. Mosso Laboratories. A. Anemometers Bullard Company, E. D. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Aprons Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment C. Pangborn Corporation Industrial Gloves Corp, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pangborn Corporation Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. fety Equipment Service Co., The afetv First Supply Co. tandard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. The Arresters, Dost American Foundry Equipment Co. Blaw-Knox Co. Bullard Company. E. D. Dracco Corporation Pangborn Corporation Surty Mfg. Co., The Awards, Prize Mine Safety Appliances Co. 13 Undoes and Buttons Bullard Company. E. D. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hags. Tool, Linemen Buhrke Company, R. H. Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., Tho Salisbury Sc Co.. \V. II. Strauss Company. The Belts, Linemen Buhrke Company. K. U, Bullard Company. E. I). Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein Sc Sons, Mathias Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Servico Co.. Tho Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. The Beits, Safety Buhrke Company. R. H. Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Bmergency Equipment Co., Ine. dustrial Products Co. In St Sons. Mathias *in Safety Appliances Co. *?*ulraosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company, The Belts, Tree Trimming Rultrkc Company, U. 11. Bullard Company, E. 1), Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company, The Belts, Window Cleaning Buhrke Company. R. El. Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Blowers, Hose MnNk Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Blowers. Portable, Electric Clements Mfg. Co. . Pangborn Corporation Spencer Turbine Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The l*. S. Hoffman Machinery Corp, In Safety, There Is No Place for 77Just as Good77 Justrite Mfg, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protecloieal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. S*felv Equipment Service Co., Tho Standard Safety Equipment Co. Chain, Factory American Chain Co., Inc, Columbus-Mctvinnou Chain Corp, McKay Company Talk SAFETY Co.. Inc. .- Holcomb Safety Garment " Industrial Gloves Corn ' Industrial Products Corp. Mine Safety Appliances Co Pulmosan Safety Equipment L orp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. Tho - Safety First Supply Co. . StandardI Safety Equipment i Strauss Company, The Clothing, Weatherproof Bullard Company, E. D. ..J Darls Emergency Equipment Lo,, Inc. I Industrial Gloves Corp ~ Industrial Products Co. , Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. We are all accustomed to having a store cleric say "why not try so and so, it's just as good". This practice may cause no harm for general products, but where safety equipment is con cerned it may prove fatal to take a chance with an inferior product or one not designed for the job in hand. There are many conscientious manu facturers and distributors of safety products who take pride in recom mending only the equipment they feel sure will give maximum safety. To be safe, buy safe. American Co. Foundry Equipment. Blaw-Knox Co. Dracco Corporation PanglMirn Corporation 'jbirty Mfg. Co.. Tho t . S. Hoffman Machinery Corn. Compounds, Cleaning Safety Clothing Co., Tho Compounds, Floor and Stair, Non-slip Containers. Explosive Liquid Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co. Inc, Industrial Products Co. Justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protcctoseal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co,. Tiio Strauss Company, The D Detectors, (ins Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Cu., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company, The Blackboards Blankets. Fireproof Bullard Company, E. I> Davit Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Hnh-umit Safety Garment Cn. Industrial Products Co. _ Mine Safely Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Sendee Co.. Tho Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment <'. Blockers, Mine Car Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Blockers, Railroad car Bullard Company, E. D, Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment co. Box Car Door Opener Pash'de Company Bankets, Hoisting Buhrko Company, it. il, Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Bulletin Boards Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Elliott Service Co. Mine Safety Appliances Cn. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safely Equipment Service Co.. The Rarely First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Cans, Oil Bullard Compaivv. il D, Industrial Products Co, Mina Safety Appliances Cn. Protectnseal Company Safety Equipment Service C.. The ( nits, WitHte Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Chairs, Safety, Boatswain Bullard Company. E. 1). Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulnn san Safety Equlpon-m Corn. Strauss Company. The Clamps, Rail Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety First Supply Co. ('lamps and Sockets Never Slip Safety Clamp t Williams Si Co.. J. H. Detectors, Indicators. Recorders, Carbon Monoxide Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Defectors, Pyrotnnnle Mine Safely Appliances Co. Disinfectants a n d De odorants Abbott Laboratories Huntington Laboratories. Inc. West Disinfecting Co. Cleaning Equipment Abrasive . American Foundry Equipment Co. ('leaning Systems, Vacuum Plenums Mfg. r* Spencer Turbine Co. Surty Mfg Co.. The P, S. Il'.tfiiian Marini.m P.irp. ( lothlng for Industrial \\ orkers --See Aprons, (loves. Hand Leathers. Leggings, Shoes Clothing, Aeid proof Dust Camera Dusters, Rock Mine Safety Appliances Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. E Emblems, Safety Mine Safety Appliances Co. Exhausts, Grinding Wheel i Surty Mfg. Co.. The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS m 85 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 83--When writing, please mention National Safety News Exterminator, Rodent West Disinfecting Corapanj Extinguishers, Fire Bullard Company, E, D, Barker Mfg. Co. KUlde & Co.. Inc.. Walter Mlno Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Pyrene Mfg, Company F Fans, Exhaust American Foundry Equipment Co. Blaw-Knox Co, Dracco Corporation __ i'angborn Corporation I'lopellalr, Inc. Surly Mfg. Co., The Fasteners or Laeers, Kelt Clipper Belt Lacer Co. Films or Slides. Safety, for Rent and Sale National Safety Council. Inc. First Aid Equipment Abbott Lalvoratorles Bauer & Black Bernhard. Robert A. Biahinger-Koehler Mfg. < o,. Inc. Bullard Company. E. IK Burroughs-Wellcome Ok. trS.A.) Inc. ' Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Ualperln Co.. Inc.. A. E. Hynson. Westcnit & Dunning. Inc, Industrial Pr dncts Co. Jolmson A* Johnson Merck & Company Mosiu Lai oratories. C. A. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Flags, Danger Ruhrke Company. R. II. Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Stonehouso. Signs. Tnr. Flashlights. Permissible Butlard Company. E. D. Floor Cleaning Machines, Electric* Lincoln-Sehlueter Floor Michy. Ce. Flooring; Material, Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co. General Abrasive Co. Industrial Products Co. Inland Steel Co. Safety First Supply "o. Surly Mfg. Co.. The Footwear, Rubber Bullard Company. E D. Industrial l'r ducts Co. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Fountains, Drinking, Factory Frigi laire Corp- i alien Bradley Washfcmmaln Co. ibuiend Electric Co Taylor Co., Halsey W. ___ Fumigants Bauer & Blaik g (Germicides Abbott Laboratories (Germicides. Cutting oil Huntington Laboratories, Inc. Merck and Company West Disinfecting Company (Glass. Safety American Optical Company Bullard Compani E. IK MAY. 1936 Chicago Eye Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Llbboy-Owens-Ford Class Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co*. The Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co,. The Willson Products. Inc. Gloves mid Mittens Bullard Company. E, D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Uolcoiub Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Coin. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safely Appliances Co. Gratings, Safety Blaw-Knox Co. (U7trdfl, Chip and Spark Bullard Company, E. D. Chicago Eyo Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., Tito Standard Safety Equipment Co. Guards for Edged Tools Btihrke Co.. R. H. Guards, Portable Lamp Guards, Power press Chicago Eye Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Guards, Safety Bullard Company, E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Harrington St King Perforating uu. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Strauss Company. Inc.. The Think Always Keep Dangerous Sub SAFETY stances In Special Containers Often too little thought is given to the handling or storage of hazardous substances. Acid has been found in milk bottles, gasoline in unmarked tin cans, hazardous powdered chemicals in old boxes, etc. Serious injuries, ex plosions and fires are caused by such unsafe practices. One worker nearly died from drinking a small quantity of penetrating oil (nitrated benzine) that was in the bottom of a tin cup he used to take a drink of water. Safe containers can be supplied from a number of reliable sources. Be sure your plant has a plentiful supply on hand. Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section of the National Safety Council Industrial Products Co. Mine Safcy Appliances Co. Panglmrn < `orpnrat Urn Pulmosan Safety equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Civ., Tilt* Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury A' Co.. W. H. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Goggles American Optical Company Bullard t'ompany. E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Cover, IT, S. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mlno Safoty Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corn, Safety Equipment Service CaM_Tle Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment t'o, Willson Products. Inr. Gongs, SI rt*ns. Horns anil other Signaling Devices Bullard Company. E, D. Guards, Flywheel (o.Harrington St King Perforating Industrial Products Co. Surty Mfg. Co.. The Guards, Foot and Toe Bullard Company, D. 1), Elhvood Safety Appliance Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulraosau Safety Equllpmcnt t orp. Safely Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. SUamndard fSa"fe`ty "Equi'p* ment Co. Strauss Company, Tito Gourds, Gear Surty Mfg. Co., The Guards, Grinding W heel Surty Mfg. Co,, The Guards, Jointer Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service C.k, The , ,, Standard Safety Equipment i.i. Surty Mfg. Co.. The (Guards. Kick Press Surty Mfg Co., The Smty Mfg. Co.. The Wiesnun Mfg. Co. Guards, .Saw Bullard Company, E. I). Industrial Products Co. Safety' Equipment Service Co.. The Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Guards, Shaper Industrial Products Co. Standard Safely Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Guards. Treadle Surty Mfg. Co.. The II Hand Cream Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mlno Safety Appliances Co. Hals, Safely Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety First Supply Co. Strauss Company, The Heads Safety, Explosion McKesson-Hall-Van Gorder Co. Helmets, Safety American Optical Company Bishlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Bullard Company, E, D Chicago Eye Shield Co* _ Dayls Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co Pangborn Corporation Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. _ Safety Equipment Service ,, Co., Tito . Safoty First Supply Co. 7 Standard Safety Equipment Co. mm?,08* Company. Inc., The Willson Product*,`Inc. Holsts, Electrle Holders, Tool Williams & Co., J. II. 1 Hooks, Safety Relt Bulirke Company. It. II. Bullard Company. E. D. _ Davis Emergency Equipment < o.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. _ Mine Safety Appliances Co. * ortable Lamp & Equipment I^mosan Safety Equipment Safety Equipment Service Co.. Tito _ Strauss Company, The Hooks, Safety, Hoisting Industrial Products Co Williams & Co.. J. H. Hospital Equipment Bullard Company, E. D Burroughs-Wellcome Co.. fU.S.A.) Inc. __ Davis Emergency. Equipment Co.. Inc. . . ;__ Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. __ Safety Equipment Service Co.. The _ Safety First Supply Co. I Inellnators, Carboy Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co,. The . _ Indicators, Flammable Vapor Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. ~ Inhulators BIshinger-Koehler Mfg. Co_ Inc. __ Bullard Company, E. D. _ Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. __ _ Mine Safety Appliances Co. Insurance _ American Mutual Liability Insurance Co. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. _ . " _ Interlock Systems Union Switch & signal Co. T J I, Ladder Shoes or Feet American Abrasive Metals Co. Amorican Mason Safety Tread Co. ___ Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. _ Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Industrial Products Co. __ Mine Safety Appliances Co. Patent Scaffolding Co.. The Pulmosan Safety Equipment . Corp. - Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg, Co., The 86 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 83--When writing, please mention National Safety News l.udtkrN, Safety Aluminum Ladder Co. Bullard Company, E. 1). Dayton Safety Ladder Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Patent Scaffolding Co., The Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety First Supply Co. Lumps, Safety Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co. Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Ine. ,, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Lanterns, Carbide Bullard Company, E. I>. La uterus. Eleetrie Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Products (o. Justrlte Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Leathers, Hand Bullard Company. E. D. Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. ,, . Safety Equipment Service Co.. The ,_ Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Cn. Strauss Company. The Lcgffinjs;* Bullard Company. E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. ^ luitrlal Gloves Corp. jstrial Products Co. e Safety Appliances Co. . mosan Safety Equipment Yrp. ,,, lYety Equipment Service Co.. The ,_ Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. The Llulitintr Equipment. Industrial Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co. General Electric Company Westlnghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Lockers and Hausers for C'lothlntr Industrial Products Co. Locks. Lanin ,, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Lubrication Pyroll Company M Machine*. Floor Cieanlnr, Eleetrie Uncolu-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. Markers, Traffic Safetv Equipment Service Co., Tlie Musks American Optical Company Bishlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc, ,, _ Bullard C ompany. E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. dustrlal Products Co. io Safety Appliances Co. .lgborn Corporation .imosan Safety Equipment 'Corp. ,,, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The _ Safety ^rst Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company, Inc,, The Willson Products. Inc. Mots, Standing, Safely Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. .Metal, Expanded Surty Mfg. Co., The Metal, Perforated Harrington & King Perforat ing Co. Meters, Light Testing General Electric Co. Strauss (ompany. Inc., The Wheeler Mfg Co.. F. II. Poster Ser\ ice Elliott Service Co. National Safety Council, Inc, Bullard Company, E. I). Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectors, Vrm Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company. lm\. The PttbliontiouN, Safety National Safely' Council, Inc. Safety Magazine Publishing Corp, Powers, Fuse Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Mlue Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. Tito A Few of the Many Instances . Proving the Value of Safety Equipment Practice SAFETY GOGGLES. One firm reports the replacement of 350 lenses during one year.- Welding lenses or cover glasses are not included. FIRST AID. Linewalker was struck on right leg by cotton mouth. Gave him self first aid treatment from snake bite kit. Recovery was rapid. Hope, Wire Mai'Wliytc Company Williamsport Wire Hope Co. Scaffolding, Safety Patent Scaffolding Co., The Sorew Drivers, Non Skid Industrial Products Co. Surty Mfg. Co., The Seats, Toilet, Sanitary Shades, Eye, Non- breaknble Bullard Company, E. D. Chicago Eyo Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Cn., Inc, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Shade*. Window, Industrial Shoe*, Safety, Factory and Foundry Brown Shoe Company Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. International Shoe Co. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., Tiie Safety First Shoe Co. Safety First Supply Co. Shoe*. Wooden So?e Industrial Products Co. Hm'e Wooden Sole Shoe Ine. Submcr Shoe Co.. F. J. Co., SIkuk, Accident Prevention Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Equipment Service To.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Stonehousc Signs. Tnc. SAFETY HATS. A brick fell 20 feet, landing on the head of a workman. Safety hat prevented serious injury. Sirens and Signals Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Siliurs, Chain American Chain Co.. Inc. Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp. SAFETY SHOES. A slab weighing 1190 pounds fell on laborer's foot. No injury because of safety shoe pro tection. SHiikh, Safety, Wire Rope MacnTiytc Company Williamsport Wire Rope Co. Soap Huntington Laboratories. Inc. West Disinfecting Co. . . Sole*. Shoe, Non-slip Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co. Sterilizing Equipment Industrial Products Co. Movers, Railway Car Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Standard Safety Equipment Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Blshinger-Koehler Mfg. Co.. Inc.. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pars, Miners* Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. _ Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Pads, Knee Bullard Company. K. D. Holcomb Safety Garmem Co. Industrial Gloves Corp Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Holrmnh Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Products Co. Mlue Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauss Company, Inc., The Protectors, Finprer Bauer & Black Industrial Gloves Corp Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Strauss Company, Inc., The Protectors for Linemen Bullard Company. E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Gloves Corn. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puim-san Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The ^ Safety First SuppJv Co. Salisbury & Co., W. H. I'ltmiiH, Oxygen Blahhtger-Koehlcr Mfg. Co., Inc. Mlno Safety Appliances to. R Respirator* American Optical Company BlslUnger-Kochlcr Mfg, Co,. Inc. Bullard Company. E. D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Cover. II. S. . Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Pruducts Co. Mine Safely Appliances Co. Pangborn Corporation Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co, .Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products. Inc. Resuscitation Equlpmerit Blshlngcr-Ivod.hu' Mfg. C*., Inc. Bullard Company. E. I). Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Straps, Safety Buhrke Company. R. H. Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. . , Industrial Products Co. Klein & Sons. Mathias Strauss Company, Inc., The Stretcher Units Sweat Bands for Gopfcries Ilalperln Co.. Inc., A. E. Systems. Dust Control American Foundry Equipment Co. Blaw-Knox Co. Draeco Corporation Panglmrn Corporation Surt.v Mfg, Co., The T\ S. Hoffman Machinery Corp. T 'l'ents. Pneumonia BUhlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Testers, Fuse Tools, Linemen Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein & Sons, Mathias NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 87 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' index, Page 83--When writing, please mention National Safety News Tonis, Marking or Stamping: Tools, Non-sparking Ampce Metal, Inc.. Bullard Company, E. D. Darla Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Torchon, Blow Klein <fc Sons. MathJaa Trend*, Safety American Abraslvo Metals Co. American Mason Safety i'o. Industrial Products Co. Inland Steel ( o. Surty Mfg, Co.. Tlte Tread TrcNtles, Safety, K\ten.Nion Industrial Products Co. Patent Scaffolding Co., Tha Safety First Supply Co. Trophies V Valves, Oxyueii BishltiEcr-Kuchler Mfg, Co., Mina* Safety Appliances Co. Vending Machines, Sanitary Ventilating equipment American Foundry Equipment Co. Blaw-Knox Co. Dricco Corporation Patittlxmt Corporation \V Washers, Safety for (Grinding Wheels Industrial Products Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Washroom Equipment, Industrial Bradley XVuhtounttln Co. Welding Equipment Wreuehes, Hopper Car Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., Tlte Safety First Supply Co. Trumbull Mfg. Co., Tlte Wrenches, Non-sparking Wrenches, Open End Trlmont Mfg. Co. Wrenches, Pipe Trlmont Mfg. Co. Wrenches. Socket The following companies are those whose names appear under the various headings contained in this Buyers' Service Abbott Laboratories ........ ......................... North Chicago, III. Aluminum Ladder Co. ....................Tamitum. Pa. American Abrasive Metals Co................Irvington, N. J. American Chain Co., Inc.......................... New* York. X. Y. American Foundry Equipment Co. .......... Mishawaka, Ind. American Mason Safety Tread Co.................. Lowell, Mass. American Mutual Liability Insurance Co. ...Boston, Mass. American Optical Co. V ,. JSnuthbrTdge, Mass, American Tel, Ss Tel, Cn, .................... New York, N. Y. Ampco Metals Inc. ........................ .......... ..Milwaukee. Wis. Bauer & Black ...................................................... Chicago, III. Benjamin Electric & Mfg. Co.....................Des Plaines. III. Bernhard. Robert A.................. .......... .....Rochester. N. V Blihlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co, .......................... Pittsburgh, P*. Blaw-knor Co..................................................Pittsburgh, Pa. Bradley Washfountain Co. .................... ...Milwaukee, Wis. Rrown Shoe Company .....................St. Louis. Mo. Buhrka Co.. R. If.......................... .........................Chicago. 111. Bullard Co.. E. D.......... ............ .San Francisco. Calif. Burroughs*Wel!como & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc., New York. N.Y. Chicago Eye Shield Co...................................... ..Chicago, 111. Clements Mfg, Co. ................................................Chicago, Ill, Clipper Belt Lacer Co. .................... Grand Rapids. Mich, Columbus-McKInnon Chain ('orp, ..Tonavvamla, N. Y, Cover. H. S...................... .............................. South Bend, Ind. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., tm\ ...New York. N. Y. Dayton Safety Ladder Co,. The .... .Cincinnati. Ohio Dracco Corp. ............ .......... ................... ...Cleveland, Ohio Ellwood Safety Appliance Co..................... Elivvood City. Pa. IBliott Service Co , .......................... ....New York. N, Y. Fairway Laboratories, Inc. ..................... ....BelieriHe, 111. Frlgidalre Corporation ................. .payton. Ohm General Abrasive Co. ...........................Niagara Falls, X, i. General Electric Co. .......................................Cleveland, Ohio Galperin Co., Inc., A. E. ............................ .Boston. Mass. Barker Mfg. Co......................................................... Dayton. Ohio Harrington & King Perforating Co...................Chicago, 111. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. .......................... .Chicago, III. Huntington laboratories Co. .................. .Huntington, Ind. Hynson. Westcou & Dunning, Inc. ........ .Baltimore, Md. Industrial Gloves Corp........... =.......................... Danville. III. Industrial Products Co....................................Philadelphia, Pa, Inland Steel Co. Chicago. III. International Shoo Co. ............................ ...St. Louis, Mo. Johnson Ss Johnson .......................... New Brunswick, N. J. Justrito Mfg. Co..........................................................Chicago. III. Kidde Ss Co.. Inc., Walter ...........New York, N. V Klein & Sons. Mathias ................................ ...Chicago, 111. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co...................................... Allentown, Pa. I.ibbcy-Owens-Ford Glass Co. ............Toledo, Ohio Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Tlte .......................Lima, Ohio Mncoln*Sehluetor Floor Mclty. C. .........Chicago, III, MeKesson*Hail*VanGorder Co...................... .Cleveland. Ohio "McKay Co............................ ............................ Pittsburgh, Pa. Manvhyte Company ................ ......................... Ken*sha. Wis. Merck & Co., Inc.............................. .............New York, N. Y. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. .......... ..New York, N. s. Mine Safety Appliances Co..........................Pittsburgh. Pa. Mosso Lalnnatorles. C. A. ...Hdrago, III. National Safety Council. Tne. ......................... .Chicago, III. Xcrer Sill) Safely Clamp Co...................Now York. N. Y. Patent Scaffolding Co.. Tile .........................CMciiso, 111. Plttaliurah Plate Glass Co._......................... .Pttlsbursh Pa. Pioiiollalr, Inc...................................................SllrlneHcia, Ohio Protretojcal Co...................................................,,,,ChlcS8o.; 111. Plllmoaan Safety Equipment Corp............... Brooklyn, N. Y. Pyreno Mfg. Co...................................................Newark, N. J. Pyroll Co ........ ...........................................LaCrosse, Wis. Koeco Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Inc.............. Columbus, Nebr. Safety Equipment Serrlco Co., The ........ .Cleveland, Ohio Safety First Shoe Co......... -........................ Ho listen. Mass. Safety Flrat Supply Co.............................. ...Plttsbursh Pa. Safety Magazine Publishing Corp............ New York. N. Y. Sallsbuty * Co.. Inc.. W. H........................ ...Chicago 111. Spencer Turbin Co.. Tho.......... ........ ^.Hartford. Conn. Stahmcr Shoo Co.. F, J.................................Davenport,_Iowa Standard Safety Equipment Co.......................Chicago. HI. Stuttehousa Signs. Inc. .......................................................... 0, Stiausa Co., fne. ............................................Plttsbursh Pa. Surty Mfg. Co.. The .................................. .... Chfeago 111. Taylor Co.. Halsey IV....................................... ..Warren Ohio Trlmont Mfa. Co. ..............................................Boston, Maas. Trumbull Mfa. Co., The.................................. W'arien. l0 Cnton Switch & Signal Co............................Swimale. Pa. C. S. Hoffman Machinery Com, .............-.New Yolk, N. Y. West Disinfecting Company ..... Una Island City. N. Y. Westinghouse Electric & Mfa. Co. ...East Pittsburgh, Pa. Williamsport Wire Hope Co........................WUIIammort. Pa. Willson Products. Inc.............................. .......... Reading, Pa. Industrial Safety Market A S A SERVICE to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a com ' plete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate- rial to meet your requirements. National Safety News 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) MAY, 1936 Company . Address . , Your Name 88 "The Accident Barometer Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council THESE items summarise briefly the Commissions in 18 states numbered 634 monthly reports collected by the compared with 602 for March 1935, an National Safety Council to show current increase of 5 per cent. accident trends. Certain reports are Steam railroad accidents in De analyzed more fully in other monthly publications of the Council, devoted to industrial, traffic, commercial vehicle, home, and school safety. In addition, the Council's annual statistical report cember resulted in 440 deaths and 2,720 persons injured. This is an increase of 13.1 per cent in fatalities and 4.4 per cent in injuries. Most of the advance "Accident Facts," contains detailed in in deaths came from grade crossing acci formation on all types of accidents. dents. while the increase in injuries was shared by employees on duty and per sons involved in grade crossing acci ccidental deaths in February dents. There were substantial decreases A numbered 7,500, according to in both deaths and injuries of trespassers. present estimates. This is an in The annual total of injuries was 1.9 per crease of 5.7 per cent from the Februacreynt below the comparable total for 1934. 1935 total of 7,100. This advance oc but deaths went up 4.7 per cent. The curred in the face of a sharp reduction details of the death totals for 1935 and in motor vehicle deaths. Compared with 1934 are as follows: January, however, the February total represents a decrease amounting to 600 deaths. Motor vehicle fatalities dropped about 800, while both other public and icupational fatalities each increased Passengers on trains .... ........ IN Travelers not on trains , Employees on duty ......... ......... 555 Other non-trespassers ... ...... ,.1.S1 4 Trespassers ................ ,,....... ,_2,712 Total ...........* ......... 5.107 I1KM 12 520 1.000 2.054 4.S79 .bout 100. The home total remained It should be noted that most of the unchanged. The January-Fehruary total grade crossing deaths come under the of all accidental deaths is now placed at title "other nontrespassers.'' 15,560 compared with 14,730 for the Motor vehicle deaths in February first two months of 1935, an increase of decreased sharply, both from January nearly 7 per cent. and from February. 1935. The total is Occupational accidental deaths estimated to be 1,880 or 15.5 per cent totaled approximately 1,300 in Febru less than last year's February total of ary, or about the same number as esti 2.230. This change is especially welcome mated for February, 1935. For the first because the January reports indicated two months of the year the total was an increase of 7.6 per cent over January 2,600, or 100 deaths more than occurred 1935. The two months' total is now in the first two months of 1935. The placed at 4.580 compared with 4,740 for inter-plant contests of community safety the same months of 1935. This is a net councils showed an average frequency decrease of 3.3 per cent. Although this rate per million man-hours of 9.87 for is only about half of the 7 per cent de February compared with 15.57 for Feb crease which has been set as a goal for ruary 1935, and a severity rate per thou safety efforts this year, a March record sand man-hours of 0.85 against 0.81 for as good as February's will be sufficient the same month last year. The January- February average frequency rate was 10.66, or 32 per cent under last year, while the severity rate was 0.62--a drop of 33 per cent from 1935. In the six All Accidental Deaths January-February sectional contests conducted by the Na tional Safety Council the February fre quency rate averaged 10.74, an advance 1936 .......................... 15,560 1935 .......................... 14,730 of 7 per cent over the comparable rate 1934 .......................... 15,271 or last year. This offsets the January improvement, and makes the Januarv- (U.S. Census Bureau total for 1934; February average rate about the same National Safety Council estimates as last year's comparable figure. Deaths for 1935 and 1936.) reported during March to Industrial to bring the three months' total down to the desired level. Commercial vehicle fleets in the National Fleet Safety Contest had 5.11 accidents per 100,000 vehicle miles dur ing February. This is an increase of 61 per cent over the rate for February 1935. All types of fleets shared in the advance. The rate for buses was 1.54 compared with 1.37 for February last year: for passenger cars, it rose from 2.40 to 3.32. Trucks had the greatest increase- from 4.67 to 8.05. This bad experience goes far to offset the improve ment made in earlier months of the Con test, but the eight months' average fo: buses is still only 1.09 compared with 1.30 for the same eight months of the preceding Contest. Passenger cars now have an average rate 3 per cent higher than in the 1934-35 Contest, and the average for trucks is 15 per cent higher. _ Public (not motor vehicle) deaths numbered approximately 1,200 in Feb ruary, or about 100 more than occurred in the same month last year. This ad vance was distributed fairly evenly over several types of accidents and age groups, so there is no significant change from last year in individual totals. Deaths occurring in the first two months of the year are estimated at 2.300, or 9 per cent above last year. Home accidents resulted in about 3,300 deaths during February, accord ing to present reports. This is an in crease of 22 per cent over the comparable total for February. 1935. The largest advance was in deaths from falls, which went up 31 per cent. Deaths from burns or explosions increased 12 per cent. Most of the added deaths were of persons 65 years or more old, although children un der five years had a slightly poorer ex perience. The two months' total of home deaths is now placed at 6,500, compared with 5.S00 in the same period of 1935. Looking ahead..............There will probably be an increase of about 500 in the accidental death total from April to May. This amounts to an advance of 7 per cent. The increases will be in mo tor vehicle accidents, in falls, and in drowning*. Fatal burns and asphyxiations will continue their seasonal de crease. However, all these changes will be relatively small in extent. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Combat Breathing Hazards in Yo ur Plant with PULMOSAN RESPIRATORS Protect Your Workers Against Dusts, Fumes, Gases, Smoke, Spray Mists Breathing hazards in industry are a serious health menace to unprotected workers. If such conditions exist in your plant, the danger to your workers can he eliminated, by supplying Pulmosan Respirators. There are more than 30 types of Pulmosan Respi rators, each specifically designed to meet a definite hazard. You can depend upon Pulmosan Respirators for high safety, wearing comfort, ease of breathing and light weight. Outline your condition. We shall be glad to sug gest the proper Pulmosan Respirator for your need. Write for Big, New Catalog! In addition to respirators, depend upon Pulmosan for "everything for industrial safety". Send coupon below for complete catalog, illustrating and describ ing masks, hoods, helmets, goggles, first aid', safety clothing, ladders, etc. A valuable safety guide. PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP. 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NON-RUBBER HEADBAND--because it contains no rubber, maintains a uniform tension indefinitely and provides real comfort to the wearer. SELF-ADJUSTING NOSE BRIDGE--because it auto matically adjusts itself comfortably to any width or shape of nose. Furthermore, Super-Drednaut goggles provide wide angle vision, extra ventilation, a high degree of com fort and may be sterilized without removing the head band. Then, too, they are backed by the broad SuperDrednaut Guarantee, which agrees to replace or re pair, without charge, any Drednaut or Super-Dred naut goggle that may become broken while in service, which SAVES DOLLARS. Send for a Super-Drednaut TODAY and inspect these vital improvements. Super-Drednaut 50-S Goggle (Patented) New Drednaut Non-Rubber Headband Write TODAY for your copy of this valuable catalog THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE CO. Buell W. Nutt, President 1228 St. Clair Avenue, Cleveland, O. Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Accident-Prevention Equipment