Document 63j2vVKrkEvXa46Gmxm00k36

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1954 DOC#: NSC076 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Transactions of the NSC - Volume 22 ir M'i*?/ ite II '"` ' *....'&"' ..?" *_raa.M i8i.l.W ...imdi\.idual,'.,.ifreni4jitlv- -- ^ Consumed .EercenrW$^}^ after only o n eaon tact. They may l u . ; , . ;::.'n-i^Hr^ '/i^'AIcoho .x-or/Jcss^'- ^ivirt.-iflood!^ Behvio< , xMM strong chemical'.,ction, such ms acids, alkalis - i^S`b7oi;.....!>Norm] ,amines, and so rforth or they may' have a ' (5?^ '^f!y 0.02 ' ;.>cctinvof w irm th sscak chemical a; non b u t,require proloaged 2 -;3V Vplcaiant.sociii bchivioc. ',0.05 ' :v-!Judgmeotblunted...;m contact to cause dermatitis. .Most petroleum ,'-tkjartfuiv'impuUrve.,'v\v.V':y. hv droenrbons arc primary iro ta n ts but are :OllOl] jy. tilj.>obc.V classed in the latter category , in that pro- ;Y..:|:ui;)b!in;:'fticrin^'KAt^.f ,:durmineJ'.siurred .spcfchiV: W.?nS^;ySrii:e x t m ^ !;/,O tciilly, jorunk^-Ke*j>ons<*. quired to cause skui irritation ; and cruxor coordnafiopy(;$ y; strongly Sensitizing agents, on the other hand, are'1 r. :0.2-\ -:: Hclplctvna usc 0.3 v-- ::SxupO,:M!'i .vV.yv.': chemicals that are innocuous to most skins 0.4 . 0.5 Com. but capable of nroducmg de m antis m a - 0.6 - 0.7; ' Paralysis of the reipratory:Si.i.:iew'.wsusceptble individuals lotlow m g re- /,-;!">vVI'^v.^^C ceriler,--.Deitb;- -!V;*pjizer Spectrum.'JANEAx.Mxdr?27/:I954 j.cated contacts over a long period ot-rnne. it*-','Sensitization n a v retpiire w eeks, 'months . Skin and B ody Contact .-or -;cvcn years voi.i-contactiuwitii -...theainiuttrinli-;' v;;;;i}^^pproximatcly y 6p..::;per^cent:KO::a!l com- beiore dermatitis develops, plaints;received bvfour; department are con> ,The vjiet raleum'';' imlust ry niswittow yhandling y, ii!! cerned .with"'dermatitis' and . sk in ' irritations: large!.quantities o f chemical; additives'!, and !f. ijv?;resulting t rom 'contact with ipetroleumkrnate- >., .! inhibitors, m a n v o i 'w hicli1an1" strong'-pri 1 !';'!.rials.;:,;, y;fyyv;yy.:!y;y;:-:y;!yysyy: rnary "jit ritarns and very act v c chemical ! i'i^By ;;far/-.iie' n'iajonty: i,f these complain!., .! 'com pound s. ;B v ;; natu r e . i nhib=tors usual Iv-dv il;.y.are "from' customers' so this is a subject that,,,!;:ha ve ' to f be ! veryy poterrstyldieinical sy.becauseffi;; . .s' .very.: unjionatu in the... marketing of pe-;: . while ;thy ..are used un -:ve.ry.Tow.-.iconcemra-.-'! if troleiunyproducts.!yy--y;;y:;y!>yy-.yyyyyy.yTyyyyy-y ' ..lions;',tlu.y.exert !a!iw;erfvi] finhueuiceijcwi !the;!; ... .characteristics orperform ance,'sofithe pr<xl- fy!|y Cases'ftaniongV; our eniployecs'iior.'yinfiounil uct,.-and-many, of. the,-.inhibitors: n rey u st as :^refineries are tew when compared with those:.? ; potent towards .,u,,-.,.-..: ..., . .- vil am ongi industrial''users' of - petroleum prod-: .;" uctsji.and it iis believed that the ; reason lor ,V;'.'.c,Qiie;:.veryj active, claislfqfsitdubitorsfare.vtht this is due mainly to the. degree or. extent 1. amines and 'substituted!, amines, ;aivd;;we!,are 'IWdrjcontact. '-'vparticularly.-'vrconccraed"ahout--'thornbecause.-,. l-thcy' -are very damaging?to .the eyes, am1 -a : lyw ylni the >etrol aim industry' skin ."coman is o -splashkcan' readily! result in b!iiKines<c::':\'Tiit-.y! n ot;.generally.-.experienced to the. extent that -:;-yamin; are -usually;!: strong smeding,; causticy y ityfis--iorv' example, in the, metal working y-liquids,.insoluble;-in water, lienee ..difficult to! T- industries: where a' "daily eight hour skin remove by washing, They can i auve,yrsanej; v-:contact'-with? cutting! oils oof ten italics'. place., e y e - burns /and ;necrosis -of .1ye -russue.'! Inj :^j.^t,|definitcly,esublished.,ihat';skin us .not,!: addition, m ost amines ?are; readilyyiab^rbro.y an impermeable barrier to chemical sub- vthrough'nhe,.;,skin.;:i'.and.j.evoi.wlow.rquanitiev '.'stancesyiand fit U s-increasingly im putan! as may cause internal damage and death. ;>ra!route absorption . for;; many materials.;:;: ;--T he follow ing .swill show ; the effect .on 0:Action o f ; chemicals on skin may;- be;-local,?;,?i-skin o f one siwh aminerdimethyl iphenyleneii ;..resulting ; in' dermatitis.: Examples,; wc, are y; diam ine' .................................................. familiar w ithfaref kerosene,! cutting oi 1s, and fryfAmount v;?M - e i^ V;f so fori::, or a chemical may !>e absorbed- O.OOlCC ' ! wi- tn'u H<( rvdn^li . through the skin and cause-damage to-blood.';!;:O-OOJcc i1' I vq. B4xi-Ur'.i'vraiwjn : .or- internal parts of the bodv 4 Occ '2 in. I&f Lead!tetraethyl a-> an illustration does not ;;; Employees .should; l>e;;:fully alerted, as-; to aliect the. skit; or cause dermatitis but can hazards of such materials, and should, W penetrate;; the sk in ;and cause internal:pois-:-y!/educated.;'-to."ahc-vuse-i-?ofv.,"protectivefgogjiies,;s gloves and aprons.when handling such .,prodyT y; ..yffi-iiyyi';. :'-vJ uctsykan -activity :within.; the,-scope of;;, the XyRegardingyexternal or! bocal -skin -effects, ,;! safety engineer ychem icalsym ay- be classified 'either as pri- Yf 'mary .';irritants for .sensitizing yagentsi,yvi'&fi!y; ,.l .The "foregoing..applies:to concentrated l:or,!;:k .undiluted - inhibitors.1,..Etmshed .? petroleum,!!;';; M M i S life f'wd |fd; -rV^^...,1:;V'.yk)vnd-f^V.;>!.v.-,v.v; SlliilIIIIiiililf 1".nviv.'iii!:;' j ''- '-rc-W'-, (K?WVW.'4v:-' * Carbon dioxide I ,i In d u strial^ Iclern aC itisaja^ 'iS Q m ey u m es^ re- ^ v c^AonrmonoMAt, 500C , rni [ r: ' suit in bizarre and erroneous conclusions as- Cirtootouichlc.ride ......;^m ................. ..... *? i'| to thfil cause o r n b\ lh o -0 who shou.d Mydrorra julSdc 30 \ t, f n f i j| knew better. , \ , (petroleum) , iOC 1 f bj 1 ^ W I itcall a case of a voting nun who Sulfur dioxide U , i , Jj " ' worked in a gasoline station and d o eloped '' a srware derntitis3#He#.wehtVdoiia.|l*jwcun v. lio made pat< h tests on bim and f-xind T o n e D m ,, t uma m J Mini ' - , , , i Mg Pe1 1 Ly >j W -- he had a sensitivity to special gasoline but i * *id fun* n ^ ^ ( , ^hi). no reaction to tegular gasoline. Apparently, Sulfuric md 1 , the physician 'had beard sitecial gasoline D*m ' _ 1 I contains a lot o f lead because the case was Su^txncr^ , SIPPC^ , i i4iauarosifciii$/^Tii>oinultinKSiifrom r?ans'exc^sSo-filfe V1-''- y Iffl I lead tetratd! in the special rga^hne. W e g nw inc ,!,c"> ! thought this strange btxausc.rvvhile we all * J>i*fc (above 30 ' , T ;,?'*. know7that`lead-tetraethyl is a violent poison jxnl can be absorbed through the skin, it j* 1 , > ^ not a primary .dun iiritani and has never These valuer are Liscil on iht be t avail , Ivea known to cause dermatitis \ rcucn a b l e i m f o n r a .t i o n ^ r o ^ y ^ ^ of records' o f gasoline shipments into the >rt>TM experimental studies, and, when po&- - J,, particular area silowed the regtsl.tr gasoline 'hie, from a combination o f flic tw o T l io , i actually contained the _a_ <*>v or soimIlet tuiHmiecs!,^.--re nowtimfixwe.da<vuauliuessTObutt;aaresTr.evyiewreed(l^aamiriouB-.a?y^y p & i J-SiCttioxreSilleetaatdl-Vtthh^annottKh*e-: spe-cialI gasoline,"c-le--a--r*lv aH>* ly t'he ' s ( proving tliat lead tetraethyl ?wasV -not^toS? for/ changes;'.?revisions, or a d d i ^ ( w & ) ; w i |f u t ^ g i ^ ^ ||| ! blame, but that some other material was ^ r information becomes available Inhalation i tsporm bk. Threshold Limits should be used as guides in' control :o f'health--'.hazards and should net O i dthe threxevraymriuesby; 'wlsichchemica.Is^v.`:;b, 'regm.rded a s `|fine;dines;;tetw njsaf^^ ' ^ 1 1, If can be taken?into;the body, inhalation prob-!C#c'jk^n.KgWerou^sf?c;'copnncceanittrraattiioonnss TThhccvv rreepprreesseenntt , I1!!1: dWfcffiir ably lu s received by far the most studyyjarn.dSAacxxvitdiittiicovmns'-:onllyy;.;w-itithhiinn''w.whhiich!*iitt^is'i:ffelrt .rtthat!!?-;n-kiV'&r''t. e,1 " H investigation btvause?aitl is The most"; imnppoorr--ijfS'*w"orkers;'';:m ay.??be??.Tepeatedly;Uixposcd,U'daijfff?:jj^ fd?;U?;'?;;:tanti ;'cqnsidcratitm';in' industrial health; after day, w ith ou t: their health Lung ad- The vast amount o f research'd ;,, verselv - i : T* 1. - r_5* - *T .......... "1""iI* 1 |f d |i:lukttk?pf{nuiteTials;has:.resulted:i ' tion iof very useful 'ddata'Voo ``S'nn*u,cijuiaiiiuig;;any,;Otd;d||;??i'3jj?||;;S1! exposuir levels known as T hreslioldi L im itS |th e ^ :|s u f e t ^ c c s J n excess of the value , Values or Maximum Allowable.-Conccntni- indicated , tions. I cannot'over emphasize, th e importance .1 i 1 This is a list o f several ';:liuml red ';c o n i - ;v the .Threshold. Limit-.-Valucs.-and; believtiithat|f=?|-|C^||^^ i^ ^ p :;nionlyVencotmle:ixd.chernicals,:.;colveiiis, dusts, every sM ety^^ fsb ould :ibe'JfM n ili35| w i t ^ i ^ ^ ^ j ^ | p | md so forth, the toxicologa'':ofv:;Vhicltihas?;?;?5:ihem/anddiavc: copies? of the?fcqmplete table, been carefulls' studied by medical research beatuseyythejc?^haye^ibeen.'S;incorporated in < > and.;industrial experience. ';':iV?;?::d?;'iVstates'? cod es; and1;have??'the??forceilof ?clawj;ini/Jd1;?:.jjd&p^ m ...... "'"The rist'isVccmtpiled annually by 'the ?Amcr- '??'?many?>states, va_n__d;__''t_h_erefore, mustb- be 3com-/;?" icanC on ference;;;of 'Ci-overmnenta! -'Indus-- : plied;with."S o far some"nineteen states ..have i m '.trialjj; Hy-gienists.^1^ $ U2-.luhUshed by the .;w-ritten??.-.Threshold L im itV a lu e s into ''thei r.V /Airierican'Medical?Association.?-: It tabulates . laivs and often management, is not. aware <if :the?maximum amount, o f; th e ;various1mate-- ' such: requirements.1but?; would?-'b ei incaiyu!-?! rials .workers can .safely -lie.'exposied. to'"for l-'ncrable position ?if trouble -resulted??;:frotn? .- anieight,?,'hour;;.working "day ;;to'health.??h;;; without injury : excessive exposure to any of the materials.;: Usually ir ft up to safety people and indus^? .i tv i;es'iSy'";yiip , fij, ; w'u iS isiili i li J>.rtC., -',VVI;;:`V:s.: i^=ct ,y 'u;.V:,v.f.;v-Jj'v,;/;.'-v, aky;;s :- j - : ^ H I * MIMM'-i ap l5l'iiSi; JmSm. trial m gicntstts to aleit management to thct , A hazard is define] as-^ the risk p f m existence' tnesc codes >and to institute jury or' illness which may be eucounlercd measures! lo r measurement ot air <,ontam during or as a result of ans rea'anabh inantsksocas tofiinsurci; co..m.. .p,l,ia.,nc,.e.-;,l111.i,,.,-,-l,w.l.),g i ..a..n..t.i,cipa,.'..e, d1 type of h..a..n..dling ..o..r. ust o f ai m i i u :i a a m n io n iraicrial like , gasoline substance, or during i t specified use, a an \. ihH C iSfBhW ^W n^^i^^'d ^ v h 'ihl^i^SpOj by reason of the toxicity nt the suovtance par:.;- per million. The results-of. exj*Gi.urc ' through'Ingestion^svinhalatioti'isom absorptioh to concentrations greater than 500 ppm is Yhrbughlthejslyirgyprfd^^ shown Ibydhedollqw ing i or 'irritating properties, or because o f its? flammability or cxp in snenesY ' ,, ' Gasoline Exposure ' Similar . labeling regulations ahead*". exist:; Nyi/i/iforn-rFy Headache, rritaticai of eyes and throaC'idizziness,; nausea, ' lossy osTconT :sciousness ,fdea thNiTTTkfkT'. '" Pins'Perl M i|! ion tu?? IM ixiinurn1Al!a.'iblc convent ration for .proiooftev!.exfHrc.irc .. .-. . . . . . . . . . . N fT to 0.0'. .Slight?symptoms iifte p several .hours!,;:. : iibHoooi .o.T? Maximum concentration tolerable for, i !:. 'OU; ftps?? DiUL'erous':'fsr !shon.icxixssuic' ,. :: ; ,:... sslisooo':: s Fata! for ..short ripco-ur*. ., . , . . l.dsooo'i ' s l .o u '.r cspi,tS!\r jfrrut ': .' . .!, .'. . T : 14000? ;,:in|Gahforriia,v,:Iilinois.;;Oreg'i::in,'rat)d thc'iTerci ritory o f Hawaii and ate in th e''making in N ew Jersey, New H amp'.lure, "Ohm and, Rhode Island More ran be expected For : innately, most state regulation' arc guided '.byy recommidauon$-;.fof;ithe's'AIaiuifartMring-.5 ?CJierntSt.s??A ssocia ti;cm;f,Inc:Nand Tu-itlifgorne;: i cwTYxecption s'Neon fct.rmi fy'yrfin'ijgon e:yjs-tatey-f results'inyconformitv in-ither ,staled ' - y y l y is 'revOKnizc(i-;tii:iS:;;i^;';mriUc^L iK^Ini^^ Product Labeling ;;;regulations :of.nfanv.-,pn:Klucf>s.-!^rc:r;ujv't>ribU`:- ^ P ocS iveryjam p ortan t;Ifiinction yafLtlicic iii- s s.and Tc>ulrvm.:Ki!erdd3;mdling:c.of-!th|tr'nt:xicria\'- dustrial hygienist in the fietroicumf indtisiry?' ;work.': is? precautionary label mg.. rofc.-product.'^This.t NknowiccigeV^fy-pro*]^ is receiving more.N'andc'.morc.;-' emphasise a?;: K om ntion:lto fdetcrm.ine^ks;hati-i>rcKluctiUmti>i:- istale sa tterlsfatelypasses.dal'elhip; regulations.? ,l)e'.';hvlxd<*d 'TheymostlrecentyisctheiitateiloieyXe'.s;York? ?Jn;\6iirV<;brnj>an\NS/^^ wJicrel'Attie?.Council (<:; Public Heahh pawed ywhat ? over 2.CXX) ' lxtrdi. chrinicalv or '. r;iw; ony February.' ,2b, 1954 .JiilnTing ;i;regulations'; unatcrialsyindynunuiacturcy tuiy. yvhichylbecame'; effective August. '2 - 1 ,9 5 4 l as ' fished .products)'whidi;ifin^i.sti)bc\ reviewed /dny Chapteri|iIX:A ;yof the ;,'New y Vork;7-State; |dh'iclu:UlyynYrV|^ni.--i^ Sanitaryfc-Code,??These 'lalielingi.'rcgiilaticms.; . To >:ilh.isyr^it^a t vl:a.rc:y>7 t y. y' have;:the .force and 'effect ot ktw/.aml, require? le w ;; 0\ xh c''))ai:\tdous ymaterials- 113:.t:i arc. precautionary labeling on any' product which 1 . cncountcml.-.-- in;; \*c'\njkiim''drcnncry;i;:u{)cni-.-'; entails,a hazard in a reasonably"anticipated, lions or thru might .)K::;'c{>tr.jv:undck' into? use. yN'v,.:." ,..?,v .finished prvxiucts ; . ' /l':;; 'M m n u i i Eiii0t>rncw4 V PtHeitkm R<finir) y f /'i;'R r jp iu to o ' Irritant .. Ioxic M itcruis dAcfolein '.:;v ':S;.; y ; :;;'Acct.aldehyde : . "Aluixiinum Chloride V.;-,'. ?Ammonia ;'y.v;y>n:V; ,;Asbt05 /D itertiary 'butvl para crevol i.Dusri; pti\-sioioKicl]y inert. ,O ustj. ittapui^u^ clay r Dusts, bauxite , -.'V . 'j v 1Dusts.' catalyst /. ;Form a]dthyde ;.'y. - f Fluorides K;:n. ,n: y.- rF urfunl i';::;.;' I n h i b i t o r s .\ Lime ' .'!y. Mstiogen'oNicits,'-: .-'Ozone yiV:;?:' /S ilic a y y iv ' /'=. - vSrookc:':- .:v` "-L.; kSuiiur dioxide ' Pine Oil ; W elding /unies A niiine. iiquid ,!/ -...y y - ;'^ y Aniline, dyes':- ' 'Benzol i&nzene) .Cadmium ;'k'.y'';.,.; n -Carixm Monoxadc ;Chlorij,ted bydrcrirbon.\ . : Chrome comrvounds : ' Cobalt, m rtai y :'-;;/';<::\ . HydroRtm sulbde ;;. , V Inhibitors '. y - '- - Drad, mtal A; fumes Ixad, oxide. Uthar^e ',.' . I.ead. trtraelhyl l.eith voaps .SanRancvc ...'Mercury : ;; M cthanol ',.; Radioactive /rutcrials, general ' Toluol (Tolucne) 1Xylol (Xylcne ) ; Zt'nC.. >k.in Imtar / Acids `--:yd! kinds 'Arainn''1 " ? Ikrnzo!. ; ( Bcnacnc i ''Caustioy:.;;y :-i' V. '. ChrorfiuruijSairA .N'.'dr' Coal-tar Com m and ; j.Col>*It,.m etal paurij !>>cs Inhibitofsv Nickel salts y-' vOitv.:lecncral; O ils, high' budmg iu*r: - Cat v-A; ' Steam C'racL tngV O ili ;i n vt>l ub 1eh u 11Jn g k . HherwyliL;;: j'.;-y.;>- ;;v.;dz Prti'h p.d:;,V;y;<'v:..y y "Kslvcnts -: ' VkdVj-y V- -Ultra..S'kilct KadiatK-n ..y ''.; ;.\XUx';:.'i i n t r e a r y ;d'.s 11* k:., m as other 'types o f , retsearch.' > , Toxicology: , < v , L|, ' ; > / ' ijlijl|jj ! Tlie advent of catalhytic cracking resulted , , in production arid! hand ling o r ,aromatic h\ ' ,, , It Takes. All Sorts (, ' >J hijf| j (| iii v'j}i Li f i l procartoriskan! ofkiniportance^to 'uj., h r a ! t h : | | p | ; C A f i f c a / i . I problems ..long associated; ruth the coal-tar ttous atid o ften e raspi rating Like people, 1 j M ir* industry. chemicals are o f "many types and 1 t nlnl^;-a5itipris4?Mw]tiCarsSwc<OTplauuhg3yaw^bidi.rg^,^^iI^,^if'Mt ,if ,/ iiorft.yind/other/ chemical, compounds in v o lv e ' citucns ....v...h..o......p..r..e..s..e..n..t.....n..o......s.p...e..c.i..a..l.....p..r..o..b..l.e..m.. .s. ^ 4 ' 'Tiiedaithjy;fJ^ric>ti{errri^f&hritTKchcrnicftl //industries .sSofncsArc-hinstablcZandfunprcdictablesirS&mc/iWty l i S iii ;/.irayit/faced/ior y e n f f i i f / / M are .out-and-out neurotics, nsitiiring a. sharp, . : A/cHo illustrate. lids :trend (> not'd. only Jock -at.-the.-modern tgasolines, a u d oils and motor; nils. Years ago 'motorrilswerckpractically: j&^mt/>pgt roleum :in/;nature.-.' withh-Httle,; j f /a n y y `additi ver :M >Ly 'they ;contain' ;up//tW 15 to 20 jcr cent. of chemicals, additives it*' /yuidyinhibitors. and this trend w-iil ycontiiuie :v']Ksrauscr.there.,;.i>. no quest ion that..,'additi ver yrc ;necessary ; and contribute;, .much to . im. prove..;}ieriprniaiice.'v.c,haracterisheer/-'/r:'//:/'; .Every:,step. in' ibis!direction, bowever, docs :-;and'.,obscn-ant,'...diseiphne. Others, harmless ' -Jivjcthenrselves. :.m a y ib ey inhueiicetl|;byYtadi|i|ii it is e li company.'.-':Still !.pthers,'';are',.trouhlemakersi.in'-:.i'- /solitary,-butydocile; and . helpt til - ns;tandem.,M/ i t l t /Som e; arc:;just/: plain/bad actors." , , y //r /; / dai-rua .a; CV;:7 -a y /r lg /is my tun; opinion tiv.it good ndustri.,! . hygiene On the;:.[>etrolcumr indnstry//i.s)/'de.Mii , pendent, upon' combined--skills--of-rmany>andv repuires;carnest./cooperatiuii of iiidustrial s s .physicians, -industrial ./.nurses,^tqxicplopists.t-v. i-/diemist.srk-/ieifety^ u^i^-.w^tivProblenjs.yoi health and :safety igienists W orking; together ; as ra; tcam.v AN'epk;;:;, diniong;.our plan;. iKirstaincl and our custom-. "all/have a-.very 'important part in B -the'pictunt,*;^ i-'M `.IS I (SPC Safe Handling of insecticides By F. R. W iL L S E Y Farm Safety Specialist, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. /In se cticid e s arc./', supposed to / kill 1 Of ...'..opinion.', scans to/ demand higher ;<|uality ; :course,ithey. are supjiosed-to-kill onh- insects products now that people realize such! prcxl- : but the fact that.-they are intended to kill net... can Ik7 produced. ::, anything at all should lx- enough to cause u> t o be alert. ; 2. And the government doesn't think .l>eople should cat so mans- insects. , That's ' In /one 'sen.e this problem of ' "S ale indicated by the fact that we have ,,more/ a at. 'Handling..-of Insecticides" isn't a new prob- laws and regulations governing quality,. off /lcm iaj.OalU F or years, we've,; had insecti products, hdieling o f .insecticides,' spray -.resi-.i cides ;- that could an d occasionally did kill .due, and so forth. humans.T.We have .also had, some tlsat .were less dangerous. / On. the other hand, in a lew .1. Insect* travel more, y They hitch-hike.; -lion y e a r s `Ave/ve changed l'rotri a lew old rides on the very latest transportation fa cili-; -Uuidby- to over 5,(KX). prixlucts involving ties. As a result they get snore places and ..bom 70 chem iciL : get there rpurjeer than the/ could :a ievv:, Why all this change? \ ears ago. 1. Apparently people 'don't like to eat worms as well as.th ey .did. At least: public .4, New chemicals, plus' re.searcli,'-makes* 'new-insecticides possible. In tact with .each ' Spiff IlS if# "  ers" p r e s e n t e d in se ssio n s o f th e : le c tric a l^ E q u ip m z n t & a n d u k lic M iilH ifiS !& c t io n t:.: at the 42nd National Safety Congress Ili IS I y Eiedbic! Equipment Industry , ..... Public Utilities Industries . .. . . Safety hindfimentIs of a Water System f Georg C. Sop p ) 'Accident Prevention It Good Business in an Electric Utility ( R . L B o r d ) . Safety Will Pay Premiums in Any Business ( W . B. J o h n s t o n ) ;Let's'Go U?iergTOund"-4 .et,4 Look at the Haxards (ft. H. Coleman) 22 f* n Requirements of an Adequate Safety Program ...." ( N v w i m ' W r i e m p i e ) ' 24 flS i fffi'V' ( C ot i 'a u it d on iijri pwgv) ^NATtONALi.SAFETY.;;COUNCIL:-t 425 Morti MkhigwAv*- v.ChraHp}lUIII.: ' r $ Officers o f the I 5 wyko PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION N A T I - O ' M A ' L : S . A F E T Y C O U N C.I L 1:?;#4 .5 5 jp:;- General Chairman--W. S. K IT C H E N , System Safety Supervisor, Appalachian Electric ' Power Co., Roanoke, Va. t Vice-Chairman--H. T. JA Y N E, Safety Supervisor, Philadelphia Gas W orks Div. of The | United Gas Improvement Company, Philadelphia, Pa. A Secretary--E. T. M A RSH A LL, System Safety Engineer, Pennsylvania Electric Company, 3' ./Johnstown, Pa. 'Section Program Committee--E. T. M A R S H A L L (C hairm an), System -Safety Engineer, .t ,./ /Pennsylvania Electric Company, Johnstown, P a. Electric Pow er M ember--F, G. -HARRIMAN, Safety Manager, New- England Pow er Service Co., Boston,, -Mass. Gas Member--J. M. FA LLS, A ssistant to M anager of Industrial Relations, N orthern Ac Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, Ind. W ater M ember--H A L. R O G SE, A: -Safety Engineer, Kansas City W ater Department, Kansas City, Mo. Communications ){M ember--R. S. LO W E, P lant Training .and Safety Supervisor, Northwestern Bell *' Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr. * Section Engineering Committee--JA C K A P P E L (Chairm an), Safety Engineer, CommonA.- wealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111. Vice Chairman, Electric Power-- -E. -DUNBAR, Safety ft Director, Potomac Electric Power Company, W ashington, D. C. Electric Power M em Clrbsrs~~F. J. ALIBI, Safety Director, City of Seattle, Dept, of Lighting, Seattle, W ash.;' : D a A. CAM ERON, Secretary-Treasurer - and Engineer, Electrical Employers Associa te Ation of Ontario, Toronto, O ntario,' C anada; F. J. H U G H E S , Safety Director, Pacific . tPower & Light Co., Portland, O re.; T. D. H U G H S T O N , Supervisor, .Safety arid . ' 'Training, Texas Pow er & Light Company, Dallas, Texas. Vice-Chairman, Gas-- A EA R L E. TAYLOR, Safety Engineer, Southern California Gas Co., Los Angeles, v ; Calif. Gas Members--E. E. ED M O N D SO N , JR., Safety Director, Texas Eastern Transmission Corp., ' Shreveport, La.; J. B .'H A L L , M anager of Accident Prevenrion, A. Equitable Gas System, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-Chairman, W ater--W E N D E L L R. f i L A 'D U E , . Superintendent and Chief Engineer, Bureau of W ater & Supply, Akron, A.. Ohio, Vice-Chairman,Communications---J. E. M IL L E R , Adm inistrative .Supervisor, A t W estern Union Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman,-Special Projects1-- A- 'S;-:-T. R O B ESO N , Safety Supervisor, - Carolina Telephone & Telegraph Go., Tar.toro, | f . j | , C. {Section Education-and. Training Committee--W. J. E A S T O N (C hairm an),' Director of CAAccident Prevention, Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co., Cincinnati, -Ohio. ' Vice Cliairman, %JWPosiers-- V. L. W O M E L D O R F F , Safety Director, Illinois P o w e r"Company,' Decatur, )A Til. Poster M embers--IT. K. COOK, Assistant Manager, S a fe ty Department, Philadelffgphia Electric Co., Philadelphia,: P a .; J. G. D IC K IN S O N , Supt. of Accident Preven- : 53- i i ml G ' <fu mi--'' /Wi.ihL ecIAI^-gm'DIr^p- 'l l i i i i u i ' 'WlLU U 1 Director, Asplundh Tree Exjtcrt Co & Utilities Line Const C o, Inc, Jenhintown, Pa , 1UU)yMU;MUM EH R 1X G , S a fety Supervisor, ConsumersJPublichBpweiUDistrich JColumlxiUV f JO N ES.^af^ty i Direct orv^^^.^^t^tilitis'U'of-.CSpri^fffc^i^-ijrSnirin^field^i^ii'^i^ i:]:Saction Publicity C o m iiti/i< tr~ E 3 I.iC H S E |;(.C h a irm in ),. Sact:yiiI)irctpr :CTOtra]l:iVer*b . ; Public S erv ice - Corp.jV-.Rutkind, Vt. l 'ic t-Chairman, Public R t ttions- R. R C O N K , S upervisor of UT raining & S afety, I W e r :;Statipn>l><^C|,>PtiquesneK glit Cobf: Pittsburgh, .'Pa. Public Relations M em bers-- RU M .; C U R E ,;S afctyS D itectorS iA t!antic:? ;:vCity .E lectric Co., A tla n tic 'C ity .l'X v y i; !R .lbS .S M E T Z G E R ,ylX rE otsiQ axm sirS afetyh& U Real Estate, T oledo E H isonX o., T o1<k1q, O hiol FicrC Iw innu^ aHR?ArrDri.i.iC<!'/f("r Editor- UVU.UrTO: F.A W IC K O R D .U S afciy U Supervisor, Com monwealthU iM isoaU Coy- Chicago,A lll.oi A ssis ta n t(N a c s p ^tltr'b E d it.o r s-- R .'H iv E L R S T R O M , SupenHir. of Industrial..'Sfetj; : British Columbia ; E le ctric j'Co.U Ltd.,''Vancouver,.; B. V.U C anada p Cd J C 'H O O D , ;dm.L* .'V:''riS x ip c m so r,;.AVestcm;':Unibn.;';''Telegraph.:' Co., N ew , Y ork, j N . ,*Y..;URV A,; W IL LIA M S,';'-1 - S afety D irector, A rk an sas P o w er & L ight Co., Pine Bluff, A rk. Section Statistics and Contests t Com m ittee---J. E .; HIC K M A N;; (Chatrman)p S afety Engi neer, Los Angeles .Dept, of Water k Power, Los Angeles, ;CMif^ 'Vfrwficrj^--\VL F, ; BACH M AN, .Safety Director, Omaha. Public Power District, Omaha, Nebl ; CHARLES E. H A M M O N , S afety Director, Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Co.,"Columbus,1 Ohio; P A U L W IN D S O R , Safety Director, Bureau of. Safety, 'Chicago, 111. ;;; 1Section M embership Com m ittee--L. C L A N C Y .N A N R Y : (Chairman),, Assistant Director :. of Safety, Detroit Edison Company, Detroit, Mich. .M cm bers-rJ A M E S R U B IV E X S, ; .. Assistant Director of E m ployee. Relation, .Columbia..'Gas "System'-'Service '(orp., New- York, N. Y. ; D. E. H U S K , Safety Director, New Jersey Power & Light Co., .Dover, N. J.; A. B. S H E H E E , Safety Engineer, R.E.A., U. S.' Dept, of Agriculture, W a s h ington, D. C. ; J. M. W E A V E R , Sntciy Director, Indiana and Michigan Electric Com pany, Fort W.ito c, hid. ; M e m b e r s -a t- L a r g c -- B. A. T H O R N T O N , Elkhart, Ind. ; P. A. A L B E R T Y , Columbus,;"' : Ohio; R. E. W A LT ER ,'O m aha, Neb. ; : .' Councilors (Past General C hairm en)-- 1916-17, J. B, D O U G L A S ;Ul91<U20, . W ILLISi; Maclachlan; 1925-26, ; U B." M cC U LLO C H ; 1926-27, GEORGE! OPP.'; 1927-28, .CLjUi ; R U T L A N D ; 1928-29, H. F ,. W E B B ; . 1930-31, E. S. -BEAUM O NT:; 1.I93D32, G V a| ; ' D O E L L E R ; 1932-33, C. B. B O U L E T ; 1934-35, F, JU KRE H ; 1935-36, RUM .1 G O D -f . W I N ;: 1938-39, R. S. '.M ETZGER; 1939-40, (H U A. PTOLEM Y u lW O p n p C H A R lE S S . S. B O W D E N ; *1941-42, P. -L.: G.' H A SSK A R L y.1942-43, 'D.'i.C't D U N C A N p il 943^ 1? .E . S U M IN E R ; *1944-46, :j . ;T.yO 'B R IEN ;;-944V 7,U j'.y0.iL E S L IE ;h 1V7-48, Uh PO R C H ER ; 1948-49, Eh L. FITZ G ER A L D ; - 1949-SOUJOHNdM acLELLAN, 1950-51, U ;'.E ,i-S .U H A N N A F O R D ;:. 1951-521:AV.;;Hh";ApAM S;j 1952-53,LWVT,J:RLi'1-.FFS^ Safety-ip 'UDirector; .Ebasco Services Incorporated, N ew gY orlU iN .fY . ;.:;1953-54,!tP.di[,;GENTZEL, ; ' Safety Coordinator, Oh.io Edison Company, Akron, Ohio. :.'54VU fis f .M ..v ,, .,,,. rr py 'i t, .fe f >?>KW ; ! , s v n , < - v , ..., I :,` , , ,, , t .y. ,,J , .J > 1 . lc 1 * K M JH I-L R ( U .lim an, 'Accident Prevention Committee, American |!f? 1 ^ r ^ ,UIOn)* Saict> D!rectot' n 'e I to]les N atiral Gas Company, Pittsburgh, Pa,', ; ^ ^ S D h L L K L A D U E (Representing theA\ater Unlit y, Industry ), Supenmcndent a it. ( n io f I n g m e t-r, Bureau of \ \ at. r Supplj, Akron, Ohio ` , RS 3 p |P | 3 i :liip l | '.v Deceasai fm ifl pr 1 SS M; large i i incidan to the ni.nch of tune biepv a n ?! > ' * "**!i lK>u.g uken to m ercan the tem o f diese M f f ^ p j T S T j i T ' T ; Ti e<f f^o r t s S i l .......... ..................-.................................. Control M easures , w W& Slfc;,^dSS?rUifc.;;: % sy # ' i ii^ p i| ;i. C ontrol 7 m easures ` at ;`.O ntarioj;'mincsCare!:;' uinleri tlie;jurisdiction^ ofithe^nianagem entl co n c ern ed ,"a n d in.;!-particularj th efjp p cratin g |; ilheadyoiCthe division:; or department con cerned. . 'Ui>If -;aimine docs ..not'have la .ventilation'icnglr'.? neer,;vaj.member;:of the operating:^ staff--not:i jinfrequentlyithe rsupenntendentfqpli chief? en-C gmeer--assumes these dut.es. Assistance is jrendcn^xperipdiirallyif byCengm f comrnitteeion 'iulicosis ;-:the lattcrJdq;:the::du5t;i; Ksaxnpling :in such casespiTliitsCanotherjlim - ji luting ifactor r i s h u r d l e i j j c p ? w p t i i P i r ; fifei lili V: The r^yentilatipnj:atgineerspat'|thcplarger,;:; .m ijie s^ a n d ith p s.e /'<OTployeti'jointl>o^jdigi^uj^;" rn smaller m ines- ohserve and report on control measures to their superiors, usually the superintendent or the manager of the ;: prpperty:Tpnce;raed.ipTesc; cnginccrs'ldojthei ri; ; otvnjidust;"sampling jand.sarephclpedibyl|tli'c| committee's engineers rewhere trassistanceirisi desired in special problems.':::. Periodically,:', jal^.Tarraiigem entsyarejm adejlor^allkthcsec jen gin cersto :]ointlyi discussjtheitvtechniques j 5and: pract ices, h-ip -;T i m iii litf; fferpiSK?./;; iilig ^ i iiiifc ll fifI Si f i ifef L.. gTThcii:point^:to' notc.'diowcvcrr:isphatcon-T p rollw orkr-su ch jashd ustivsam p lin gpn dcven yi: tilation surutvs--is necessary It is the onh wa> to assess conditions and improve tliem hwhere:nccessary;TItibiearsjmcntion|htoo^tha.t;5 ,'Surveys ;not infrequently, disclose:,surprising., ::results--defiaencies'::5,,that : need .'correction ; r impi overoents that should be made at cnrdosuresvanifthe' crushing plar.t pleticeteri'iirfey Depending on the purpose, carious means yhavehbeen:ilusTO latlOntariocmines,M o/collect^ ysam pleppf i aerial ::dust|:'jHowes'er,ffpr;morei jthaniaicitiatjervlof;yaIrentury4allyroutine.:and| rnostrtests1;samphngf has ;been::done :with ;the.r kommetei This little instrument, despite its shortcomings, is indeed a useful tool |i|jT T iccsupply is ^manufactured jherc, V'whercj;; y it yus i;:known h as hthe i'Gathercole ihkonitrieter. t jA n dith ereb yiih angs, ai; tale, in keeping|w ithj the rsubj^hofl'thisvpaperJ'iTTheiiGathercqle;': ms'rument was developed man} years ago through the auspices of the Technical S ili cosis Research Committee -- because dust rclerence was mude t,tht: o u iset f paper",, ,,>, , .m..wo.sit ,wo.!:, .t.hi,--c'V,;jsi.li.c.ojs.is ir. fhadlUsipriEini' fapp carjthaK ti'icram q u nt^ igT l: o th < |j d incxk Ou*K1(j;. |jgfg6.:::' ' j ildustslfranges firom:;:'l^;to1i'28Sji<;r|!cent;^apd^ cproxim atcly,.as .determined;by A f ray'di ft rac- tion patterns. Konimeter samples are heattxi to abun, 1000*F. before and after acid t reatnwrr t am, arc counted at a magnification of '..".O', ifagrriins11;af:,,tiark,Cfield.'d( i p i ? e p d i s i l i v v ; ; Tlirough the scars, v,e have come to ap predate that, in our case, hornm eter comm T if;G ih c 5 :o r d e r T o fjjlC Q |T g |3 ^ ^ :;ctibicTccntimeier,:arc5ijgp^jj|;thoseS|df||jh^|: order o! 500 to 700 or 800 a te fair, only: while those m excess ot 100!) r k c arc pour T he sms of the past base beat erased tor the most {art and the dust c<-unt :tt main installations and operations pc fected tn re cent jears approxim ate' 100 pj t,, E d ucational and O ther 4jtpctit ' of Field Service However, there still is much to do lri deed there always will be--bee uise methods and personnel change W e , combat, thesescircum stat.ces::in, a ,-\.t n ety of wa>s. The industry as a wbok, and individual mines, are guidut and stiniu Iated by the cunmu mg and mruetous ac tivities of the committee on sm cosis and m engineer-- thetr reports, papers, addrev-cv at meetings, el cc'era. Much education and Kami ig wav -and continues to be--accomplished by tiie uc ot a motion picture on dust conti ol and venti lation. Produced m 19J9, pnm anl} to help! asupervisors, Kthe-i:film. ihA be*n.ft*cratcdij,ats,w meetings of supervisors at many mines and in most mining centtrs. It ha- bent shown also to the workmen at nun erous mineat branches of the mining insutute--and at this ffaundation's conference u 1951, 1 hi ^.picture .covers stallji-opera-tionsy-andiKiswilluss.*'-'-^''-' trated by photomicrographs of dust vunjjles, Much good is done, also, by lecturm,, eriodscjdly at the universities -because the students of today will be the operatot s of tomorrow. , ' But, ihe most valuable aid has been the development and maintenance > a commu- m m W P .m mm i.t fli: WBBaaBaa8Wtew*BaM^^ -- III :'<^ p a p H IP! S P S ! |i ......, - , , , ......,,, 111 Ut i> it is icadil} avalable to the operator ' mushing and screening 1plant and in it' ls.ee and small- at reasonable covt. assay ofhcc Would any of these things hast I i he <ost of our engineering services is 1 t>een, done as soon a.-, they were if common I?))! modest The savings cannot be estimated. :sensc;had;nQ tfte:n|usedItpf solve; difficulties' l i f e It tabes time to develop faahties of this in the .underground ventilation? tn> > '.kindsbut,f.they; are 'we!b;.W'orthw'hile.r: T h ey =.* This principle illustrated by this example 'mproveiawitlrcage, -:too, s!not,v;onlybecause;; )is)not)nefejfe^ f act That; much-1 Wil i(! l "lihe.a.engineers th u sf engaged -V`becomeV more.' can be accomplished by judicious consicicra IS cvpenfcciced, but b u a ii'e they mature with tion of all the cucumstances involved Man- 'Sill fedfeoifera tp fe lf|fe )fe | g agem cm is not cahous. W heie this ap]>e,irs A feeling ot mutual respect and conlidence to be the case, the probability is that it i is engendered through years ot dose ccin1 tact, between all parties concerned,with this unaware of actua1 conditions ;.and/or ; d oes;; not know a practical remedv. It is ujj to ii rjideavor; one which enables all the cards': ).the';;tmginr).Tq) cla ri fy ) :such ii cimimstances.T mm to be laid face up on the table, so to speak, and, the ..extent .possible,idevise vremedies;;; xnot thatiicondiuanscinajd ;1fe ck'scussed if rankly,';); in.:::ke^in^;;:vvith';;the; facti)that;the)rem cdial) !;'and)|remedialfimeasatresfeof^practicalf value, s ;m ^ u r |w ilT ;:be;; .m.necessary if operation- fimplemented where they should be. do not show a profit. fefefefew ort!p ractical". is,emphasized): Moth- ; The purpose of this paper was to discuss tm S i ug is gained if ptopcoats .uc otherw ise, '.lirniuqgAfaaorfein)jdust f control innd) vcmt.i)) )"u i.; ) ia c i^ ^ inf keeping | :.with -'-the >' lation....the kind tliat despite their impor title ot tills paper mn> be introduced. tance are. seldom,dcult iwith to an appreciable; < To illustrate: Some years ago one o le m his cassociation's kengineers surveyed 'con- ditions cat.-f a'tsmuie :,vth a t th e n s,was .several;) housind T ertid ^ cA itt'.W ^ c^ k in g ' a mod- est|profiti toJ aydailys'production of a lew hiuuhcd tons ot gold ore "Ihe survey ccS-howed .tbati!*:the-,*underground * ven trladon diuiiid be unproved During discussion ot th is cproblenvcthc ; manager took;, from ) his f ?:;iiles-ia ip ro p o ^ rip ro d cd ;:-by .a well...knownengineer whom the company ). had retained J i;in n h is|( n n e ctio n j|^ ie;;lattcri'reconitiierided that the ventilation U improved by sinking ;.extent:4in;;; thc ;')tec^iralT;literaturc 'Oti.it.tbis;) csubjcctv5i:;;i:iAp.Tha;|Tfe;'.i\;'i'v) ; .fai'TAv:;)f"ke;'t'vy:' r,;(fevfAe/;..:fefe'-'.fe; - 11 was show n: tliat many o f these a re .-humaru in, origin and 'that- unless, and until. ;;they fare..-solved An.; program;; to;; provide and . inrainUtn) good..air; conditions .will) fail.;)););)))) The responsibilities-of the man, of those i.whoTdesigrh)and consult on machines am:f ; processes,and . of ^management werec dis cussed, and ,t was iiomted out that so ccer fin a. program off this kind hinges mainly or:, lie attitude of management. Iyfij mu H i! SI 1 111 |;a)-shaft)rpm isurface AoJthejibottorn`;:lof;' the ) It was shown, too, that there is munch mine, to em ble fits h an to dchverci' to f more, tp; this problem than recognition pi; the;., iyaripnsfelferiferLSf .fthefU^ ; ,need to )dpf;th is;and that,) to; correct 'unde-). rn.'ivtior ;t''its Tciis trib11tion,:ciV.. a . firabie conchtionsi .Those vvhose' duty fitffis f J The com creation which ensued between to provide..: remedial 'measures need .'.help to ,the manager ot the mine arid this as.con.i enable them to do so and can piofit much ii!ftion'ls.icngineer^waS'!tnore;-or,--.le!s-as follows;:; "ftrciiri ;thefguickincep counsel:an d:service' oij. ililfsManagerlflSNyiiatyTkiT vonJ think of the 'a ) control;;organization w ith in ; the;industry) itselt. TTepOrt. i ;T'ii-e .1' ' Reply It is a good report r 'J he iiajier w a > hised on experiences over ' M anager: Will <the system work ? i#twwheicnht;y';; thveroaursgh;m! itsaieflfaorrgtesforfuyitnhinisgf kminddu; satnivd; issivi Reply:',1Sure, it w ill, work, The question ;; through); those ffof;-) understanding ffgoyern-;) ts,vhowever,will cthe- patient; survive. - .:. mental ..agencies, Iras .en joyedfafm easurek if; i;?i;^Manager.:|'That s|vv'hatTlJ;w'onder, ;-too. -; >uccess':;in;.;thc.;;: prevention.f'Ot .silicosis.ffA})) felllls -Kilt ^suffices *.to'.say .th a t;a/com prom ise was ' Many cor.clu:-.ions may f be ;drawn fffrom ) designed and installed, one which still gives these observations. One is : .Where there is teaiwmably.sgopd s r e s u lts to d a y );:;ten -Tyears''" i; theywill,'.'there;is a w av.: Another is f; lt d s; U e f e p t fits') worthy) of)note,);too, that sub-; : impossible to control all exposures .to harm-..'; ......i^uwtl)vttlii#sam c?ra^pO Tyidqok:-steps` lot p fu ld ust 'all the timed. A-f ''.A..:;.', f. I IS fi ft I I ii m Si iim m ff jf f! ^ .1 immmmnm,M wm0M % m t >i ! mmm Hill Sfte p p i IB S 1 1 " ' ,5 / T T O b, !P |p lP l# llllilW iS !iS il|lil iM liB i Vid,1ili'il 'i-1-'i*;'fi v!'^:if??-'A--fiXv 't'Vi i:v^ V vLi---; a o1 J he torm ei conclusion needy no fu rth er ] 1 (1 1 9 ): E-.crv, dusty p la ce1w here work i- Lommem T he latter one suggests the use C being rarricd on m a' m m >\ shall lx ade yip tv Iai uni iruim f thera py-t cvTcomba11 u n a y o id |'||fejuat clyifksuppi ied Sia it(isall Irim esfiw ;ttiil| ! (tat;! T ab le! dusting, thehuman d em en ti and ndi! water under nressurc o r o th e r upurou-c 5|.vidual|susccptibility^wiierc:;tlicriskvoDsili^4w1appliances for. layjngithew dust.cnuscd Khv icosism ay;; be appreciable. Aluminum . is drilling or blasting D eration-. bused for these purposes faCM .mostf all g o ld . yST;! 185 ) ! ! ,! n ey c r y ih ii 11! o r { p| a n t^ w h e r ^ibyij mines fin Ontario.. 'bb'fbjbb^ reaso n o r, d ry 'cruslirns.-rors. o th e r wise;: there v A p p e n d ix ``A ": is in the air of the building dustbin quantity! E xtracts; fro m th e M in in g ;A ct of O n ta rio to rb e ! inj u riotis! to! hcalthlfisu table apparatus ! v: S ection JJ60.: '(a ) The ;ventilation;'!shall be installed !ior its removal.;: !;;;!!!!! ...hr every.-nnine.. shah; befsuch, that tbeyairbini! .Section 16r: (1 ) A t cverv m ine tn c owner gall -.of;-its;-workingsv.that:--arc.'Kur'uscJ-or.sares*..or; m tinagcr(shall cnusejttbc, f ollow ing ; plans! btof in: used by w orkm en 'or others shall be ." -.1fon a scale acceptablcAto?theC hkfydnspectt! gfrceT frornP'dangerous ram o u n ts.co t n o x io u s ',to .be .kept up to;'a (iatefdot more, than six im purities and; shall contain.^sufficient o x y m onths last ;past't ,bbi((Sb,ff!!.f!!! gen to obviate danger tofthe; health of anv- ,(d) Adeqira t e ! vent at ion, plans,;show ing f 'one employed inp'any-TsucirJ^mine.iJirg'any.' the.; d ir e c t ion and .velocity c iff they m atn> air! mine w o rk in g s,;\vheresuchiconditionscan- currents,?t i r e- location .-.,of,p e rm a n e n t fartsfif -not ., be obtained by n atural ventilation '-ap-; ventilationdoors an d f stoppirigsf:and com; pro\'ed .means'- ior, mechanical 1;^ventilation.. ,lions :with adjacent mirici! f.b:b AViif:!! ..shall.be'provided, and kept-in operation .until, such ..workings'havefbeen abandoned, or u n til:; (satisfacto ry n a t u r a l v e n t ila n o th shall 'have,; .been.brought aliout ; t l i e r e i n l i : : ' ! if*)''A Statistici].' Study';of *ibei Known Cue* '-'Sa cm is -in the,f-Mmm*:-ii.ln J u s try . -of-1.O n tju 'o,*.' by! . W ~F.Puk.im <.>n..i.'Extrcuuvtbf iDt.rector .!otr .fhi<-1Or*a' u ;io Mining Associnoci Thet Unwcrtering o:-the Osceola .Lode (A Symposium) . The General Pnoject By C. A. C A M P B E L L ili.> Mgr. of M ines, Calum et. D i v., C alum et and H etcla, I n c ...C alum et, M ich inr. a'. / \' .The Calumet Division of Calumet & Hccla, m iuee was established [O; review the; various- Inc., operates seven underground mines which possibilities that e x iste d fa n d ' t o : recommend t ion arc located on the Kewecnay- peninsula in mines tiiat could'bed/K m cd.?.In analyzingthe n o rthern .Michigan!V The ; ore -deposits ' die various possibilities,' certain essentialswere; w ith in : the central portion of the Keweenaw' ' required, in a new rnineffand -tbcy^iwereyasi series.Twhich 'consists chiefly'of 1lav a'/flows.-, .follows : .;. ;':!!!;';!''.!!!'fI f f!;!!;;!! T he beds,dip'to ' the northw est at about 36 ! I. Time t.'.Tlic new minc.t'roust'fbc'ready)to: to thehorizontal, 'and .flatten slig h tly ,. at start 'o p e ra tin g , at- a b o u t. the, ,::tLnie filie fold depth..'Nativecopper,'"with -a m inor amount -mines .d o se.ff! `f::'--f",:-s;.pf.!!;;; f!!! of silver, is the ore, m ineral and is found in .:! 2. ,'.Quantity of Production t' T h e neyvfminef; the, .amygdulcs along . w ith many secondary : must be able to produce : enough copperfto: silicates' and carbonates.";!'"-' V ( f , - f b largely, offset the production"lost- from 'other'; ; In 1948, ' the m anagem ent of Calumet '& ' sources. H e d a , -Inc., could see that several 'o f their ' .3,' L o c a tio n -:T h e 'new' mine'! m u s t; bei'Sp, mines would be depleted .in the near future, located .as -to -use.'present:m illing,.smelting, and that,''if production'' and employment in power, shop and trnns[>ortatiotiffacilities!;! the area w e r e to be maintained, it w o u l d he 4 . C a p ita ! C o s t : T h e '- n e w ' m i n e ' m u s t lx, necessary'., to,.open, additional mines. A com*. capable of Ixing broiightf.inio'i'production: ; W'lJV* ';W0WnA}> lllftt k ,, , " fgl ip ^ p p i 1 1 ,' " *3 Current mrS =5'i te1 Safety Topics g fi'iKift.' !$ ii!'4!i fi1! ^ S ^ f a in' the .vfHtibL'MPHBttB M B1 ot presented in sessions of ihn Petroleum Section ax the 42nd National Safety Congress Industrial Hygiene in the Petroleum Industry ( A C. R a h d ) Safe Handling of Insecticides (F . R. W H Is ty )..................... Safe Handling of Farm Puds (Dr. Narval J. W a rd lt) , . . . . Human Side of Safety (E . C. M artin) . Safe H&ndlng of Electric! Equipment on the Farm (W . L Ulich) "the Drilling Contractor's Job in Safe Operations (Harry H. Hillman) (C o n tin u e d on ntJs i pag<t) iMtOMlfSSHt ,C0UMCIL;::425.'North ______....^isgsiisiiifBiisi I f fe J I si ' f t p i ' mm km ftmm i si . . Industrial hygiene is a field that is closely /The //typicalf i industrial:|v h y p t^ istT u su a !ly | / : interw oven /w ith/ind ust ria l-/sa fety //] ns:,fact,; .started*out ras;aschanistiv.or uch emjeal*o>gi-'-'i , it can .bet-regarded /as; a -me<Iical engineering : sneer,/.who / .became:-:: interested,/ -a n d /stu d ied phase of saietv. > ///s-ynfortim i^ whatf Industrial ;hygiene / is';and ;the functions; o f C a n ; ;in d u s t r ia l. hygienistl;-fTKe;/reasom ifor,; : this `is. that;industrial hygiene is V compara-j: ; : tiyclv: newyscience and/practically:unknow-n', twenty;'.,years;ago.-: ;;y;HV^oday::there 'are only about . 800 industrial; /hygienists'/in! the'. U nited ''Staies^and;;ai large; j;;;num her'f pf vthisj:;g rou p ;;arc / not;/in 1ndus tryT .,, but;working for :the .federal government or. |;yStote|!departrrients.&:Usuallyii:pcople5;hearing ; the./word/`'hygiene''/ recall.'they;/ had-' a sh y -' :S;giene;J course in n bhigh'l; school /which/i dealt I s wi th ;persona 1ihabi ts ;su c h 1a sb a th i ngf cl can - Conse<iuent!>, lie has a good background of chemistry.; :and . engineering combined with ' /.some medical : know-ledge~-ai/&c>rt:S of third doctor, one third engine* r and orie;iihird|cliem ist:i|H is;iobjectiyti;artf /protection ; land-im provem ent:/ ()f:lhealtlri/arid./safety^/ o f / /-workers; in ;industrial; en\iruneHtsr:frotrij;all 5 smanncr.i..of:?/.hanmul,'tsexposureS"Vrdated-ato-.. occu-'pV-atioIn'-i'Ti/:/:: C';';/' C'l-'.-C.ffefefefe;f7K'>./fefefe-r|i;-"--;,.' :;://industriar, hygienists/ and S a fe ty - engineers;^ ha\e prtltv mu h the wm i o ij e t t n e s and .should bej.reg^rdcd/as'irncm^ts o f /1the same.; team.'Act tally.' dbc-y/functions? o f each' are ' ; som dim es-so ;inter-related lit? is ,.. not pos- ss-ing 'the fingernails, teeth,;arid; i/fo r th i and i sib le;t o .'.draw-;.a.clcaritfiej/qf:;..separation be-; ;; immediately jump to the conclusion that .an tween, the ,:two elds/nor;5;,it neces'sar>'ito> industrial hygienist in industry,"' m ust. be ': do'/so: for if .a- man's 'health, is endangered ; interested ;in ' keeping employees 'cleank*/d/C: 'by, working conditions , it.' is 'an. important ; ...; In' my initial visit to many refineries, it ',,seemed that-the first place I was taken was '-to -locker rooms to inspect shower and day-' .part of his safety picture.In';many indus tries.':;; safety and industrial,.'; hygiene . are '.combined in' the./same -department.-'-',-- /"' /' X'atoryJ-facilities. In some degree, industrial /hygienists ;are interested in the employee's : ;cleanliness, but o n ly . so tar as it i s ncccs: s a r y ; to protect his health. W e arc more C /In'' the petroleum industry/' however, in dustrial hygienists: are usually attached to :the medical department and wo He .as closely as ' possible with the safety. de[iartment for interested in keeping an employee's lungs, the protection of the employees. There is skin, and other organs clean and tree from good reason why the petroleum, industrial hazardous gases, liquids, and other harmful hygienists must lean heavily upan the safety, ;; substances.-; ' : '; department. In the petroleum industry .the H ygiene is defined ns that branch of med ical science that relates to preservation of health. Therefore, industrial hygiene may be defined as .the science of prevention and : .control, o f ,.occupational 'illness.;, It resolves concept of industrial hygiene is relatively- new as compared to the chemical and oilier industries, consequently, the number of pe troleum industrial hygienists is exceedingly.: small,. '-.'/'../ '/ y;/ C ;/:/;/: ./. -; /C itself/in to the problem of finding factors or conditions i n .work - places that may cause -, or contribute,:to the illness or-serious dis comfort of employees, and of devising meth ods and means of eliminating or controlling . / such /conditions.;"Another,/term that m a y - On the other hand, safet)/departments.are;! well established, well acquainted! with and : close to every day problems of the petroleum , industry. They have considerably more cov-.: erage and manpower., /.////./-/...'j.: --';:y/; /: b e std e sc r ib e industrial /hygiene might be, .:;.To illustrate,'the.,American Petroleum Tn- industrialmedical engineering. - stitute's t roster'' o f/sa fe ty an(l.fireprotKtion/ '/'-riT he/industrial' hygienist' has done much-' personnel : list so m e, 1^!00j' itarrnrs,'/ probably; // toward; bringing medicine and safety engi- . not all, -in' this -occupation! ; Contrasted ..to./ :/ neering into close cooperation partis- because this,to tlie best of tny knowledge, there are.; /h is interests overlap these two fields. .. at p resen onlv 17 industria, hyipwiisp .a PIB1 SBISglli^l i SlliiS m ' .. ' 1 M E M r i l wnihmg tor ]x troleum com|xmtes -an nidus Z. It uin be harmful bj direct kI tr_yi r,,at,,i,,o,,;o,,fI; a^pp-r-o-x--i-m--a-teih 7m0 s.u.c.i.v ,,men .to Vwi-.t1h. .tihffe. s.1h*in o__r ____ 11 v i '? V l'V one industrial hvgianst.;vMostiof? the major;;?; i ' 3. It can 1 !i.oiL-.companievaiow h a \ c at least one indtts- o r dust. tnal Ivgiem -t i n d 'a m w h e r t ironi iff to 10Qt Ingestion -afetv men so \ou a m see it is \ c r \ inves-1' contact 'it:*arv.: for .us to w ork-w ith -andr through'ours* For innately, petroleum m aterials ate not ::: sat etc people. commonly or intentionally , taken' internally W o , 4 i and therefore, trouble from this is ra th e r';!, f ss: ,-Basicall v, the- practices'-oi industrial- ttv--- ...rare - m a. refinervy. although: itsdocsxocca-?:f | i n l i n e in the petroleum:industry is the .same :; ..-tonally .occur unknowingly.- ! arecaIIwatchWHP . aSiin anv other industry-ami .it can be b o ile d ing--.asworkcr.i'who.'-h:id-.bccn'.cotnplauungotsw|uf, - down to tour- general .principles : -tou.acn tro u b le ,w h o se duties tiu o h e d the -XX:::lc.A k n o w l e d g e o f the toxicology -of IX.comjiounding o fi litharge o r lead oxide in a 11 '! ' chemicals and materials. . ..- doctor solution. T his m anjprocccdcd to W ip ty &gjjffi ,X;2. X.-t; review of all rhcnhcal-'or .niaicrials . .hags of litharge -into 'an 'o u tio o ry m ix in g fta n k ^ f-^ used Xmd Vhow- .handled and talnihuion'-of .and because;-of. the dust a n d d n isiS g en e ra ted l l i l i l l ,y toxic -orsjw teniiallyyhazardous;Mtli.slatke.svo'- lie correctly,; w ore a resp irato r;WO f Scoursey jhis .hiuuis were; covered w ith lead oxidcy.anti I J S P 3. Measurement X.of' worker .exiw sure .in", to,rm y- am azcm ait.x ith e. .first th in g rdigyidid ".hazardous substances, ." 1 X:'" w hen he ; came down off the:;.catwalkiiSwa$ . 5.. .Ii required,,; recommendation and in- to Xtake an orange out o f -h isM im ch i box: Xstaliation oi. adequate ' control measures and w hich he started to peel and, eat---probably-: a i r ; XusvaluationV,<jf the.' effect! vcites s of -uch cor-. X o n e ;o f the: most effective .ways Ho; getklead iffrecuve steps-! p o i s o n i n g . ; ..XX,. .X"v'Xri,X,-;.TX Tonticology of Chemicals in regard, to the toxicology of chemical.-, it is usually difficult to adequately define a hazardous .material liecatisc practically any* ..xlii.ng .can l>c safe or harmful depending u p o n how it is ti-cd or where it is used. .. f o r example, air. and water arc not .re garded. as harmful, but loth are quite deadly ; /under 'certain condition---air if injected into the blood stream and water if intro duced into the hmg-. 1n the same manner, tlie u-c of earbot; tetrachloride in a' prows- having properly - designed ventilation would n o t h>e hazardous, Xwhile-the use of carUm tetrachloride for mopping floors would 1: quite dangerous. .Most safety people arc aware that carbun tetrachloride is'a hazardous chemical because , there.-has''been considerable publicity regard ing Xus toxicological '.effects, and in some . cases,-rc.-trictive- labeling requirements have retv passed, for example, in New York City. M a n y other chemicals u-ed in- the petroleum itidu-try have inherent toxic qual ities of .the same magnitude, ..vet are not so well known,' ; In regard to toxicology, there are three ways in which a substance can cause adverse effects''upon man; 1. It can Iwr ingested or swallowed. ; U nfortunately, when petroleum, products get into the hands of cuStomcrsXingesUonUs m o r e ..i requent, usually, by X-sniall,; children - whose ; parents ' carelessly iffffcsvcixproductsi ithi:; easy reach. You know tl-.at every year there are fatalities rcjiorte tlf rc m ichild dren drinking kerosene. We have had hurry: calls-from doctors involving children drink ing such products as c-uetrutini; oi! and fly sprays. '. " XXyy'm'xxX:' Some times adults are even, worse as there arc many cases o f. anti-f reeze iwisonmg,. drinking of brake fluid and one 1 recall of our rad iato r flush which contains m u r i atic acid and chlorinated hydrocartw n.-H ow ever, this product is fully labeled including poison w anting with the skull and cross Ifoncs. It should lie em phasized that hardly; a substance e x is ts 'th a t is hot .capable of .pro-., during, effects cm the human IkxIy if taken in sufficient am ounts or under the wrong circum stances. Even common table salt if used in sufficient quantities is to x ic ."? It a ? reported that many years ago the Chinese ti.-ed table salt as a means of committing, suicide. Evcqjy -chemical substance,1 th ere fore, has a non toxic dose, for man and a toxic dose tor man. This can'be well, illus trated by the following slide on a widely, used com ruoditv: X v.X'XX'X Si-Si IIfo tS ig llj 1Sdiety&Council (Board of Directors, continued) M a s x in R on s in g . Chief engineer, Pow er Mactimerv D iv., M m ntap- oii&-Moliiie Co., M inneapolis, M inn; 'L L 1 : .. /L;.,.. R oklki T R oss, M anages, Employee Servn c. In-lust rial Relations, :.Ford M otor Co., D earborn, Mich. P . L,, SlEUlt-Jjnst, G e n o a ! V ice-President, International Association of .Machinists,- Chicago, HI- L ee L. S icixl, Chief Justice, C ourt of Appeals ot O h io ; E ighth Appellate D istrict, Cleveland, Ohio. 1!OBhJrt R. S ngdusass, P resident, All is A uto I inane e Co , Atlanta, (,a L eslie J. Sor.nson", C ity Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago. H . J. S hoexex, D irecto r of Industrial Relations, H ie Y oungstow n Sheet & Tube i s , Youngstown, Ohio . C. S n K M H , \ i a i u g t i , Accident and F ire P resen tio t. Dept., N ational Asmi of M utual Casualty Cotnpantt s, Chicago, II) R. S. 'S tevenson,- E xecu tiv e V ice-President, A llis-C haltners M anu facturing Co., M ilwaukee, Wis. 'A-. A. SrtWAisr. President, A m erican Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. Randall. C. S w anson, F arm S afety Specialist. U niversity of W is er-cousin, Madison, Wis. Col. W . L. T ubes, A ssistant for G round Safety, D C S /Personnel, ; H Q U. S. A ir Force, W ashington, D. C. .Ykxolu H . V ey, D irector, Bureau of Traffic S afety, Dept, of Law and Public Safety, Trenton, N. J. ArnrHUR W . W allandee, A ssistant to the P resident, Consolidated Edison Co. of New Y ork. M iss J udith W aujek, D irector of Public A d airs and Education, N ational B roadcasting Co., Chicago. M bs. G eowge W ku.es, J r., D uluth, M inn, -D u. G eokce M. W heatley, 3rd V ice-P resident, M etropolitan L ife Insurance Co., N ew York, N. It'. ' E. L. W heeler, President, W heeler Protective Apparel, Inc., Chi cago, ' 111.' D a,W illiam P. Yant, D irector of Research and Development, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Ill ! | mu m S ! S i! ht'S-i fiStlltHfei wt i l 111 _ ** li m%\ i US !ii*hvII llM S 111 iilil I-.I t JLlSLLL:L clakriU.LfL-iiv.1;ilckaL L;;?;; ... .....^Eurr^Sri iiliififS B I^ . 'oisill....... ^ S I l i ! sfi l l ! ! i$$M $5$ Sii K;W'i"` SSPalK M P illit i l|f f * presented in sections of&tht ;Mning Section ni th 42nd National Safety Congress Limitine} Foetors in .Dust Control and Ventilation fC . S. GtitionJ 5 l l u Unwatering of the Osceola Lode (A Symposium) IO .;'!TWs ; General Project {C. A. Compiuti!)....................................... . ; ......... IO Character ut tire Water dritti Allicciateci Problemi (k. j. MorcotteJ 12 : fcngifMsetmjj Hroblitmt (P, H. Q itUndur)............. . . ... 17 Use of the Gumera in Accident Prevention (Seymour B. Fleming) 21 Notw (M . C. -M. Bollard) 23 Practical Noise Control in Quarries and Mines ( . B. H oH leter) 25 Safety Pioetiteis in Sinking the Peterson " A " Shaft (Peter F. Tormano) ................. : . . . . . ......................... 27 ( Coitiitiutd on et p ay ej iM I0 M M |S M ^ . O ste r i t i l i . i e m ^'in; li a mm* ,11 III m p illi 11P p ip s iili# l l S I I is I @111 fil p p m p m p m M I ......... W M pi $4' "idil'A f ^ J l ' 1' ' Ml " Ijjxung Factors m Dust Control and Ventilation By C S. GIBSON Safely Dir , Chscf En*., and Sec'y*. Comm, on Sihcotus, Mmes Accident Prevention As^'n of Ontario, Timmins,'O nt, Canada ';:-:- ih e o rd iiu l requisite fo r prevention/of. a // M ostof Tthc/mmcs /are/.muiti-lcvel ,/und i hi Oils the p, ovisior and n .unteu.m^e ot. ; ground /.operations, in '.steeply/ dipping, veins/ /a d e q u a te !m ta n s to, avoid 'exposure; to harm - The/veins,' vary u n /w id th /from /a foot or./so ;'; f u l/d u s ts T :///.//./"/^^^ //.T to several hundred feet, .and tnav or. may not ' Eitpnw act is a g reat S teadier Ain. this, -rc- lx: branching systems!" .The/ depth of thc.se /. s p T |( i tsj greatest lessonis,yihat;;h. 'is better 'operadons//,.ranges / from / a,/few ,,hundred//to //i o /b e / s u r e /th a n /s o r r y / T F o r /tb is / and other ' 8,000//. feet,//approximately, .//below;!//surface. / reasons!^of econom ic.,significance;'/?'industry /T he/prim ary products -of / the; underground ,;t<xiayS!is';igfving:;i:w M ler/-recognition to ; the group are gold, silver,' cobalt,/copper, nickel,' fact - that "good .'dust tcontrol, and ventilation iron,- talc, Zfluorspar!/and /gypsum. ;///T !/!/;i/; /i rare; assets,'. w hatever .:thc;:nature/o/ the./ex-' .//OrSUre/J/Jy!^ //i/:// .///M ost/dust/can be/ontroH ed.'xAppreciasiott //pf/ '.th is/p o in t/ isv .im jw rta n tca lt - m eans ehat' //m ost ]!:.silicosis can Ik prevented, or: /the job.' T h e w .v s to do so have Ix-en descritied in /;,://There are a ;few / open-pit//mines.'These are temi>or;iry in type/, because as die out crops are .removed, the mining is done be'ow surface.it Primary .-products of the open oits are .asbestos, copper, nickel, iron, magnesium and nephcline syenite. .technical v.-bteraturerT/dApplications z'.can.jjbc t;jlW'')t^ > ^ T h o ru tirity ' is. known. ` /However,m>t' unlike other pursuits, the /path o f/p ro g re s s in , preventing, undesirable /.expo,,s-ures..;...i.s. ". ..s.t.u.d.ded /w ithob-.stacles, /T h,e se in?effect -are,,limiting factors :lie-cause u n le ss, Daily production:of ore rangrs from `ev* than ,100 to 15.000 tons .'.though it is 'consid erably''more at some, open pits. T he-O re is.,/,///, crushed, 'screened and trea ted .by appropriate./.! -////flifillilfi.. m etallurgical processes, /to rec o v erthe via1u -!/!/.//?/:T/T; I . i r r , :./ /./;. .//:::!//T/;/!!i/lf& and until.'i/they/are ever come , the desired " --".ults'/will/not -.be. obtained./..'/; ' ", iim iung;' 'iactors':.m aydbe segregated into iwo groups/.First,/there are the engineering ' _'.- /,.///'" . !/// Tiz"' .'.'.--.-i-';-';.:'!- th e risk ot silicosis obtains mainly in : underground operations and in crushing a n d / //// /T '1 scrccning/plants on surface./ T //////."/./// . ,, V| /a n d operational ,problems- of one /type and /'another.Z/iMost o f'th e m .are not, too `difficult / / to!/o^'ercorrK///;Thcre: :'are,'- however, aspects T his general picture m ay be concluded byref erring to fo u r parts of T he M ining -Act of O n tario th at are appended 'hereto./-/The. /in ifthU/* co n n ectio n ' that" ju stify p articular essence o f them is that the law requires wet co n sid eratio n '/fo r example, the dissemina mining methods underground, and suitable tion o f knowledge, prom otion of interest .in ventilation' to avoid exposure to harm ful ./.'this subject/./and means to help those who dusts and gases.. These legal precautions, "..need/help./////://.;/ .././' ' /// !//,-/Second,/-there,are//limiting. factors which ;///a re TOtttly,human in origin. /-That is .to say, // th e , results'/to/sbe; had a re re la te d . prim arily // to /th e /d e d sio n s/a n d actions of -persons;! for and ..compensation for silicosis, /,w ere re quested by the mining industry many years ago and have contributed in no, small meas- ,ure to achievem ents in the prevention of this disease."! '! / / 1 ///.y. / exam ple,",the attitude of /m anagem ent is vi/ / tally im portant because so much depends on it. //:// T h is /p a p e r - deals m ain ly / w ith / kinds of .Organisation to 'Prevent and ; ';/ '/ Suppress Dust 7 / //! faators.Tmdicated /above.' /T h e text is based The organization for dust prevention and ./ / on observations and experiences in a m ining suppression throughout the in d u stry as a i .//industry that .hasenjoyed a m e asu re'o f sue-. / : cess!in;the/preyeritiiiri o f/sllicosis.1"1 whole-- in fact, fo r all aspects o f, theypreventipn of silicosis-- is guided in /a : general / / / ' ),jV ( a -/X to ' of; Q atari / way by a voluntary arrangem ent under ;.aus-./4 pices of - the Mines :A ccident Prevention / The / industry! a s a " whole employs about Association of Ontario. The w ord "volun- ! ! '-35,000; p erso n s,'-/a b o u ttw o -th ird s of whom tary " is em phasized.: So, too, is the fact', have dust-exposure occupations. / that silicosis cannot be prevented solely by / ' '" /:/./!"'/: ..,:/://-! . / / ./ .. \c a rs They elect their own chairman an- plants, assay ofiices, ' et celci a. Similarly, tmally. The committee meets for one day t1 committee itself has aecumul ited such : , ' three* times a vcai ^ |i||S g tg p ir & tq r a tis i..!............ tion..Association; report and such' others as circumstances dt- .... ,, ,,.ri merits associated herewith, ..... ,,,, mand Minutes o f meetings are recorded Almost all work done at m ines by the :p|i||ThevTecoiM sSof,:. thisy-rommittJ.:mdJof/;;;its;;; T.committers*en gin e^ ^ predecesspr.liheiTechnicaliSilicosisiResearch quests by m anagem ent; this ss indeed an p p ik ... Ip W llll^ Sm imi i ii 'i : Jijl* wmim P m 8 i i S :i il -- Committee o f the Ontario Mining Associa- encouraging situation. A ll reports on oper- >tipn,r;;date\back;toil91Mlv: ations at mines, or designs 'or sar.se, arc i .i-'c'Fhe committee`on silicosis''emplot's a :chief -; confidential. Complete copies are provided enginee*- and two ventilation engineers, all' to the management of the .om(ULri\ ton .vipp.wHom,haveTgraduatdyfrem a recognized ; cemed, the committee on sdi o sis and the uruversitv o f this pros nice and are members:! secretary of this association of the Association of Professional Pngi- U ntil lately, thtre was no f> e for service in eersoof | Ontario. iiT T e lch ic fe n g in M ria r tsi by the committee's engineers, the costs be : as the committee's secretary, and is 'the Acci-,;; ing borne bv the industry .is a w hole Sim i !;dent .Prevention ^-Association's,;?.safety f.direc-:i August, 1953, there has b ei a inode-M. l:tor.;nX!ocated-.in a'principal'm ining: district,;; charge lor designs. A s m the s t, howevei, '''Porcupine, they cover all mining and metal-1- no fees are collected fo>- surveys of an : lurgical operations of 'OntarioC:.&:''C'v ';'C 'i' ;; exploratory natuie nor for cm istilutious of any kmcL 'TThe larger mines maintain ventilation en- gineersH oni.theiristaffs.T But, i w-hat-'. of', the There are irmimerablc exai ipies to show 'Strallerimines.vXhis .diffiCTilty-- this-.limiting . that this service has done n uch good, h factor--vsas solved in part by groups o f; alleviates and removes defies rscits that in : . sm a lle rm in es ; jom tly semploying yengineers effect are limiting factors ii dust control i i;fpr.ithis;ipurppse.;:'|lMost'fOf ; t h e .dust,.control . .and ventilation. , ' ;and rventilation'-at ;these* properties Pis ide- \s most students of hyilrau ics and allied : sighed by mine personnel. ; Engineers -of the subjects will recall, the :m echanicsof..venti-.; Mines Accident Prevention Association train. lation may l>e confusing. La. ge companies ;and /assist..; mine 1'personnel ; as occasion de have enough woi k on dust a id ventilation mands ; keep in close ; contact /with them to keep at least one engineer basy and prae- : ''and/.help /t o ; solve' their ' problems, as :'need' ticed in this fidd.'- Smaller-, operations , d o : ParisesrTTlius,'':another;''limiting .'factor ..was,-; not, and, unless the latter jois dy eanptoy an ; yrnet/and; solved. T"- engineer for this, duties in tin s regard must pW hcn ,'theI work; in 'silicosis. was /consoli-; be delegated to persons on tlie staffs having, ;dated :ini l934, as indicated, the mining, com- ; ':as'''a;:raI^';:othcripriinary,tintcrcsts..!i:!rhirei-:is; ; panics ; generously ! offered ' to cooperate in therefore a handicap to be ot rreome .every; way---by admitting the committee's The solution t fleeted bv t mining in- engineers.' to : their : properties,', permitting :dustry o f ;Ontario---that; h,;-'therproyiskm';of3 them; to survey air conditions at operations rngineeiing services-- is a k-^ical rim tdy . . underground and on surface,' making avail- : . It benefits all empk>yrs';:in;.m m y .ways.iyet;' .able to; them data m this regard, and . by leaves r e s p o n s i b i l i t y whet it belongs. ..d o in g . or participating in various research. namely, with - the ;operator.T A ' .'service; of- i&Mfc miiiii il& q w litK ci'triu sclq ifsilit^^ non is ai valid todas is t was h en f.rn q hc (lcslgIlcrs 0 f mming <im] othei pro, von ed many Years ago Dust control--that i-, t <pics, ,lIKj thc coisultants retaini-eLd-i m these aM.ttyiito/irestrictBithe.^amquntyofrdust.saT;:;::;:^ , 0` ` i ; - : - ^ jyc-ir^rv^STi:^-*iwr5i ^ >` ton ed to escap e into tm unding; a;; g iv en ' o p e ra tio n ^ e ic te n riin e s i i :extm^oiKyeittilatipn low risk from this disease, ' Three factors maj he consider!', in ..this" connection the man, the machine, or proc ess, and management 1 If workmen arc yi-uught^totdothing-SYpn)pcrly,v.aijd/:are.;;pn>-. "rided rthea means >toj do `so ,;exposure? will -.-bcj; the other hand, theic are many to show fh.it insofar as dust is concerned thee 1, J m tell down--in the d ^ s t h a t t h ^ l ( f i d f b r ^ i r y ' ; ^ ^ i W W d.i.d.....n..o..t....u..n..d..e..r..t.a..k..e....f..o..r....i.h.. =is1i ll^ n i ^ ^ ' a n ^ w l l i ^ ' f e ^ ^ ^ ^ P I i i l the. provviissiioonnieofyeertain features of corstruct ion tin t would ''falacliliittaatte subsequent 1 ' Jfcj, i.l ? 1 11 /f f c p application of pood dust control a..n..^d v. e.n.ti.la.- . ...i..-.' ' !ithatirit;dsJ:hec$ary;D ?precautions;;; Tto!;be itakauby.;the/m dividual,;the more sue-:; V i i p y * 3 ;i'.in ;d u st'control.;:;;The'; ififartriremainsythowever, tlraththerc^'arc ' nu-h muxHis simple hut inqiorunt practices which |'ithose;engaged.;inany process, can and should;' apply, to minimric thc risk to them selves ;;sand,others;The main one in m ining'pertains; :i to 'the; use;:ofs vrater,yConstant attcmion.'.to, prooedurescoOtherindividual is .a 'basic* re-'-'- '*aimmnent'--in&ihe-):prevcauon of silicosis and it should ibcithe- d utyof'every supervisor to . vsv that they aie the projicr ones. .'.y?,*T1e'omacHinci o r process is an -im portan t.? bomddeiahoriiiThe tempo of industry is in-" creasing yearby i/year r drills are - drilling, .f a s te r ;; the 'm e th o d s. o f mining and moving ^tauck^areibeing;sjm eeckd u p ; new and -im-> proved processes are being used in plants. @ TheIpurposeyisvcpfiscm trse,; to - raise,; prodnetmty.anddecrease. -cb stsT flt; b e a rs;a n |f :phiastSy.howeyer;; that increased exposure to 1dust m ay be a costly by-product--one that may be diinuilt, it riot impossible, to correct Hiate^T-unless-lmeastrres to guard, against this ' tion. Too often these a s p e c t* f a r e |^ '? a f t u ^ f^ |ii^ ^ ^ g thought, cast in the lap': of; th c T y e n U la ti6 n i$ ^ f.-3 !| ^ '''' engineer. He, could do much more j!g;c>o<litt'i:':'Avf':'j..:: theiputset^'and; a td css'u b s.tyiyT ^ The third factor, the attitude of m anage ment, is a most important one because it is 1 ; ; management ;:that: decides 'policy,;' It 'calls theyT, shot, so to speak; and it should, for the ;;yv ;problem; i s ; its :resp>onsibtlity.- /T 'T h ti outcome/of,/anv.iprogram to/control ;fT;-. - exposure to dust hinge1 on the attitude ot '-j., Ssiiii imtmagcmcnt./If `this attitude, is af/Iive.`.'.deri; sire ,to have good air -conditions, thereiivill bey>$*:%)v"" freedom from exposure-.to the extent, that, is practicable.; If it is n ot,.undesirable.; and un necessary exposures ..will be experienced. Management in many instances has done much:; to stop thc dispersal of dusti,i.n given operations and processes. It is suggested |1 .'1 ! that ;progress in these respects would be tn- fumced if every operator,. .`'y. '. 1. Insisted that suppliers take more inter est in; the reduction of exposure incident to . the . operation o f equipment produced by them. ';':i ''T /' T.;. Tcwtcome are dealt w ith in thc planning stage. .2, Required ,liiat those who design and igS T lielranedv fo r' this kind lof"lim iting f a c - ? consult on layouts for processes---mining and T tO fhm S.dust i coiitrol &and |V m tiIation sta rts ' other--heed the voice, of..exp erien ce'. ,;! s Nf-i th e d ra ftin g Ib w d ^ 'In ifth e -'-rn a in T three . 3. P ursued at all times good practices in yi:;K `-p a rties' are;.:involved: :tlie. m anufacturer: of./ his own o;x:nitic:is. : , y/TtT/vi'iri'' ;/equipment ;\those who design and consult on ;processts,yinc:luding mining ;;;tnd 'the user Thc .wining industry of Ontario has had minor success in respect..-of Item Oneand i;: that Lri/management.'^^ '; y fair-"success in regard ;to Item sTw o; and?;;.; i; It seems logical ito, presume that the maker Three. : It is a joy to see a company plan- i - .of ;a ` p i e ? o f equipment^ whose operation ning its' d u st. control and ventilation`before : entails a h a za rd to health .should be inter- a .shaft is sunk, a new orebody. attacked, a ;?; estwl ^thev correction of sam e; yet, this crushing plant erected. W e in Ontario are' does not seem to be. so in mtin.y instances, . well into that . stage,. particularly in' the . ...............:i i 1 V, < It > i if I i?i'.'i.-iitirt^ s4ii oifej f, iiWv,',M+ ill SllilSlllllllilli!IMiMI||lfti| Sa*V O L U M E :im m iim w w w m m w m w im w iim m w w im sim irom w w *eeE iM tt i% Pil %A[I ******** U'Afelm ; k . A i n I j i a -h r tm ir if tiii t 1 ," ^ J ,'!iu't :affilili' .-. t b 42nd National Safety Congress plfi4l ( f u l f i l ' tw i$itfk t$ off a ll S e c tfo rn ii ,.:4 ':' ... . ' li.. 'Officers, Trustees and Board of Directors Annual Council Meeting Minutes ........................... ................ I I fhtt Sin C s (N ed H . Deoth o rn ) . IS Jr ;. Address (H enry L H e a ld )........................................................... 17 Get Everyfoody Into the A ct ( Jean W ade Mhdltrub) 21 Banquet Address (C noWard H. Gieenewalt) ... . . . 2& The C riu A w a rd ........................................ 31 Women's; A ctivities ............. . ..................... 35 Satiety fotposition Exhibitors 40 Iriditu ................... 49 ,\; ! II ii'tit li/f m V(f' (' ,44:\ t fi flP ! ;$$tm p \ k fe,pft r'T.i' VriR IjTl ft t?,k ,1'fiapt !iii 425 North Midinetti kv$m Chicago II, III. S i> PLAINTIFFS 3 EcAXHnIiBtJIiT ! 7 1 What's the big picture in the field of safety? Each edition of the N ational Safety Congress Transactions is a comprehensive collection of the ideas and experiences of many of the country's top safety men. These ideas and experiences form the big picture. In the pages of the T ransactions may be found new methods, new devices, answers to both old and new problems, and suggested im provements of some of our standard safety procedures. Progressive safety people everywhere have found the contents of th e 'T ra n s a c tio n s to be useful in their accident prevention program s. T h e C ongress T ransactions are published in volumes, each covering a phase of the safety picture, along with a General Sessions an;I D etailed Index to all volumes. T he 30 volumes of the 1954 Congress T ransactions are listed on the last page of this volume. In preparing these Transactions, the proceedings of the Congress have been condensed and diter! for reference purjroscs Complete original manuscripts, with any charts or Unitrations which were used, are available in N ational S afety Council hies. Views expressed at the Congress or in this record are those of the Congress p artici pants and are not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. N a tio n a l v Society Council I j 3 -ts OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: F,, f . DU P ont, D irector. Employee Relations Dept., E. I. du Pont dc Nemours & Co., Inc., W ilm ing ton, Del. President: N n > H. D ea r b o rn , President, National S afety Council, Chicago. Cue-President For Farms: G uy L. N oble, .Managing D irector, N a tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club W ork, Chicago. Vice-President For Finance and Treasurer; W illiam H. Low e, T reasurer, Inland S le d Co., Chicago. Vice-President fo r H om es: W. A. S tew.u t , President. A merican Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. F ice-President f o r Industry: H , J. S eoerlk, D irector of Industrial Relations, T he Youngstow n Sheet & T ube Co., Y oungstow n, Ohio. V i e e - P r e n d m t fo r Local S a f e t y Organisations: Robebt K. S nod grass, P resident, A tlas A uto Finance Co., A tlanta, Ga. I 'ice-P resident f o r M embership: R obert T . R oss, M anager, Employee Service, Industrial Relations, F ord M otor Co.. D earborn, Mich. l-'ice-President fo r Public I n fo r m a tio n : Boyd L e w is , V ice-President and Executive Editor, X fiA .S'm i'.v, Inc., New York. Vice-President f o r Schools and Colleges: Dk. L owell U. F is h e r , State Chairm an, N orth Central Association of Colleges and Secon dary Schools, U niversity of Illinois, U rbana, 111. I 'ice-President f o r Traffic and 7'riiru/,ortatiem: F k a n k m .v M. K kem l, D irector,' Traffic Division, International AssiK-iaiion of Chiefs o f| Police, Evanston, III Pice-President f o r IP om en's .1 c t h i t i e s : Mis.-, M arion El M artin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me, General M anager: G eorge C. S tew a rt, G enera1 M anager, N ational Safety Council, Chicago. 111. i Secretary: R. L. Foknev, Secretary, National Safety Council, Chi cago, 111. issistant Treasurers: B umjrd B. M cC u u /X'H, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, III. H, H. Grlenwald. D ircctot, A ccounting Division. N ational Safety Council, Chicago, 111. ;.lu 1.7 W I *lrT'-J S^-wivw:-;4i^`i!f';''S'ifJiliifiifiiSEiloHi^S,"fjii:hi^VBiS;{tsi if; Motional IS a f e t y T G o n d l ; :: ,-'.SsSs ' ; 's ': TRUSTEES Chairman o f the T rustees: AV. S. S Rooc.ers, F orm er..Chairman, The Texas' Co.., N ew York,- X. 'Y. 'ice-Clunrm an o f the T rustees: J ohn SrtLwtxt., Y onkers, K.' Y;; ; Secretary o f the Trustees: N ed H. Dv.arhokn, P resident, Xatiorud S afety Council, Chicago, 111. . ; ' ;M e m j b i B : : ..e .' M elvin: H . B ak er, C hairm an of the Board, N ational Gypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y, Cason J. Callaway,. Blue S pring F a rm s,' H am ilton, 'G a. ' Clbo F. Craio, President, A m erican Telephone ,C .T eleg rap h Co. N ew Y ork, N. Y. ' l-REDEJUCK G. C rawford, C hairm an, .Thompson Products, Inc., C leve land, Ohio. R ichard R. :D eupree, C hainnan, Board of -D irectors,. '-Procter '& Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. G ustav M etzm an, C hainnan, 'Am erican Railway ,C a r Institute, New York, N. Y. - Thomas I. P arkinson', Chairm an, Etjuitable Life A ssurance .Cxaesty of the U nited States, N ew York. N. Y. Du. J ohn F. T hom pson, Chairm an, International N ickel Co. of Canada, Ltd., N ew York, X. Y. . C E. W ilson, T he S ecretary of D efense, W ashington, D. C. J ames B. B lack, P resident, Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 'S a n . F ra n cisco, Calif. S. Bruce Black, {`resident, Lilxrny M utual Insurance Co., B oston, Mass. Mori",an B. B r a i.varu. President, A etna L ife Insurance C o..' H a r t ford, Conn. ' J o h n W . Cari'e n ter, C hainnan, Board o f. D irectors, T ex as Pow er & Light Co., Dallas, Tex. W illiam G. C handler, P resident, S cripps-H ow ard Supple Co., New York, X. Y. . U # 8BISSI Js i l i 3;i n isi . Lo^UnicagoryUltp^-^.:#^ ) { iklow H . C i'utue, President, General Motors Corp, IM roit, M m . \ jjj H D kajujoks, President, National S atet\ Caxinril, Chicago, >1l t,o ^ . , h F Dtr P okt, Director, Employee Relations Dept., L I. tlu Pont tie NTeotouirs & Ce_ Wilmington, Del. E x Officio. ` , Uu n ja u in E. Paule-Ss, Q m n a in , Board of Directors, United St.itts Steel Corp , Pittsburgh, Pa. Falsi1 Pt'o.Tsrss Jcl, Prem icut, \lK t ite In<um ;* < j -m W ' " , !~ i i1 {" ,* ^ c p M8 n PS^!ilSS!Il! HI l l l lil ll lll w 'rtftiy5GVw:ilv,u>:A,, .LPi-'i.tia ;VPresiden.Dt,;-;-V?:;\';e"-s!u-n,g:,hoyuyse yEylmecvtr.-ic;,, ( o;rp: , Pitts i I F i : v l - i 11;S:.=:iC; ; ;F,1f;HiivC.:.;F:'>.-, Vt rui i R n 'tHUi, President, Congress ot In d im m i O ig.m ua \V S S kmn.tiis 1 orvner (.lwtntLin Tlu Texas C o, New 'tori., X Y ;:Ci 1il5mi!T;:'E.t;S MiTH.YMeealier.., B1o.. ard ol Directors a.nd P(..u...r..m...tr Chair man. United States Rubber:; Co.TNexC Y ork,1T'icvNUYiFv OtilSiiSi T i P ^ ; P Ik e n * * H o d c iY I o T ^ T K C o :"c-X;";v:; ;:-Y':F'';F:DiFiTt|ii;F;:s A kthoi r Stobcuj, Picxiden:. Union Pauhc Railroad C o, Omaha, ' T s . : v i !; i! ity f j iff#' !" h " I 'l |j [|pl;Milffiilii!!^lf '! HH!i)^HOMAsYn!ffi;WTSOK|CDrT[ttniYk)ard o ;? K r w to r E /id iH e n u itio n a l,i|iH ^ ^ fiM ,^ i I Ruwjtr VC W ooaun-n Chairman, P xecutne Committee, The Coca- i ^5 .i ,A Y; <,yYm m . ............................................................... ;%\S;.' m ISiiS1llI' ilSI HrMi s ! till 1 F iic : ...................................... . C-iBivviV m. 1 i f 'H 1 I...1' 11  IfllliP IfiS lB iS g i g i | i g * t e jag K ag ag |e N ational A Y fA E illS fS i trvif1-i;/i ' :t,^f.^i-'VjiV.i-./.["-; Safety C oundl i l 7'.V4: 0W*P1-'^'3 J1"* ! iSHSlIlsIiliill |WTO.?!ff: -'t ,, << BOARD O F DIRECTORS ^ ia iT O w ^ c > a r g o /J0 iric ilo r i : | ;E:*Fg'iua^i^JN T/iD irectorggE m ^o)W g Relations D e p t, E I du P ont eie N em ours fi- C o , W im m g' >n, D d ;' !J{ici'-Ohairman;*.Board :of iD ircctors; ~Kv.K Fox;/JCditox^gS`wrri/t/-;j g FanHiHgyMcredith ^Publishing Co.. Des Moines, ow.t M em b er :M ks.:A lm er :Arm STiRNcADirectorA H om e' D epartm ent/ tlndijuw./Fam fi; A/ B ureau; C ooperative; Association. -.Inc.;-:Idiana polis^lnd.;,*-,.tp (.-.; James A shton,-..-Manager, D ela w are. a te tv C ouncil,A Vilnim gtixi,'; \VnxiAM,ABg;i;BARTON,i:General ` CovmselggChamber.' oilfCoimnTercelaofg :AthEUnited.'States,/Vashington, D. CT.'gV ^ ; r ^iivISi'SiP;i^a- T., \ ' ; r:BOATailanager'; :::ccidaat PrcA-anioti i &jKirtmoet'! Associasionl Z of Casualts fi. Suret', C o s , New York, X Y Norm a n ;;.'Ei//Borgersox,"D ep uty/S u p e r in te n d s f/S ta te /D e p A ,Wni.-E,'%-BROWN,7i,Safcty-.Director.vCon!Sohdated -rEdison zCoa- o i ' New * g/,.YorkA 1nc,;:New iYo rk r isYlYSglSiYiA/S 'AiAC gfi:Av:gS;gsp.fgi ilPsgY'AY;:S'Sfi E. J. gB u kxerE C hairm an.;of- the .Board. .S ilv er gfleetvlfifotor .Expri.''i;: Z'f luci!;jttL-piiisvili i'SK vi i sih;::o'EivxgiiP; S^v^ ; A rth UR: .C. B Utlek,: D irector, 'N atio n al H iglm -av A jscrs (aw territreA A W ashington,'.' DC C A A /C C f YAk :.;A, 'w f /A 'Cg - gg/S>Sgfggggf;'A; vg,ggfgf Ray ark,/A dvertising Counsel, .Portland, O re.S--- . . esse Clark, Grand -P resid en t,/ B rotherhood ;.of./ R ailroad Sigmihnet; of Am erica, Chicago 111 I.Ir. E en as /R.! Ci.akk, A dm inistrative A ssistant, '.W ilm in g to n ..PublicC / ''S chools,/W ilm ington, iDel Cf % A A ''': ' A f f f/Aif f // / A A- f fC/fC-A ff R eginald J M. A Cleveland, P resident.f:.G rcater A.Xew-'fYork'E Sa fer y:v a -Council, New 'S ork, X. A'. John Al, Co n very, -,Employee /R elatio n s Div., N ational '-'Association;* of: M anufacturers, NAw-Yorkf.XA Y. . . f f f f.-y AAfA' .GHAK1.ESAR. f .G ) x ,- P resident, .Kennecolt .Copper A fo rp ./fN evA;York,'Z SARA :va.-,*CA-;/:/-- ' Interstate Commerce Commission,''W ash in g to n ,; D C ' A fff A f/A A ffA ;//;''/./ gfSA /.A AAA/AA:-s A A 'A'/-YVCf:-:-;/-.'SY -yY /V;. -y/ry:A A:A-: /i fCCf ffA / AC : u,w $ is m il0 ! 0 ^ S iS S ilil Safety ^Council a iip i* s iii!* i p ip p ia i ............ ). ,. . i,,, . .., i .. ,.. .1 w . . ...ii i . J..if/f (Hoard <rf Directors, continued} S tj) 11. DfARflu&x, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111 !-_ E DU P ont, Director, bm plojee Relations I>ept-, de Nemours &. C o , Wilmington, Del A ' It';;- -1;- AVAUyscAFAiATY,APresidait, Massachusetts Bonding Co., Boston, Mass. E. I. du Pont;,, and Insurance A R. H.a Fjekguson, Assistant Director, Industrial Relations, .Republic.: ;. VSteeP Corp.A Cleveland, O h i o . , " C CrS' :AG:AivsGG/:-;Aj;;My Dr Ijivulu. B. i-isiim . State Chairman, North Central Association <l Colleges and Secondary Schools, University of Illinois, Urharu, CC; vI C SC.:C.rC; K iuk Fox, Editor. Sw.essful Farming, Meredith Publishing C o, D es Moines, la P aul P. G ukski, 1'iirector, Bureau ot Lalvot standards, U S Dept o f Labor, W ashington, P C. Lm>v.u> H nxAbk, Dirrrto'-, 7rdim c.il Service and R cacucli Dept., National A ssotiation of Horne Builders, Washington, I) C w M4' it Si!. i a tte " f ill IS t l i 111!j\<Jl/r (J. R. PiAJErwic, Consulting Safety Engineer. Crown Zellerbach Corp.?. ami other companies, Portland, Ore. -D an;^.H ollingsworth, M anafrer, Oklahoma City Saiet> (. ouncil, Oklahoma Ci tv, Okla. li| D k. , iiA gu>, K. J a c k , Supervisor, Health and Physical .Education,-; S afety and Recreation, Slate Board of Education, Richmond, Yu, Geouge A. Jacxibv, D irtctor of Personnel Services, (7e-nc-r.il Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. .- :' . ; Joslj-h M. Ka W-AX', Secretatv-M anagcr, (irealer lx Angeles Chap ter, National Safety Council, Los Angeles, Calif - ft, \V. K t n n u s , A ssistant Vice President, Industrial R ektiom .JA U nited S tates Steel Co., P ittsb u rg h , Pa.A ^ 1 M a s.;F reb W , K n ig h t, C a m rsv ille , Ga. M ekwyw GAG; Kjraft,';D irector,' D e p t.'o f Personnel and Accident.' Prey'-/ venbon, A m erican T ran sit Assn.. Nevv York, NVY. ....'iiiVr.h Fu k k u M /'/K kekl, Director, Traffic hv.. International AssnG of ;j AGAG-; Chiefs of Police, Evanston, li. /GA-AAc , -7;'!/A;GttAAlAtffi^ri A:Vr'Vvy'Jiki'h; W alteb.G .'..Legge,' P .resid au , W alter G. Legge..C.;i:N e w :'Vork,"N.'3fift!Mf: i ^ |i i ; Council ( Hoard `Ot^Directors,'.crttiliiturdiy Boyd Lewis., \'ic<_ President and Kxn u m t Lditor, A/ I. I S in n e r , Ini , New York. X V W illiam H. Lowe:, T re a su re r, Inland Steel C o .,:Chicago, III. V C McF a d w s , V iu President, Te\a< Lmplovt-i s' Insurance t s s n , Dallas, Texas. . M is s ;M arion K. M artin, ; Com m issioner ot L ab o r and IndustryState of Maine. Augusta, Me. . ,1 . M. M artin, President, Lion Oil -Co.. LL Dorado, Ark.. ; , I.' W .`M illard, '.C hairm an o f the Board; Industrial Gloves Co., D an-' . v-ille,-IlL-;T>C'Xv^-:;.>:-V-'v '-v.' ' W W C V C ' W alter L, M oniuomlry, S atctv D irector, Quebec Asbestos Aiming \ssn , Montreal, Quebec, Canada C.CC'C v^-yi-rliV :-,v:. 'V ':. yCp-C ` ; ''Vvv'v 'CV :\v C ;' H arry M. M oses, 'P re s id e n t,' Bitum inous Coal Operators, .sssn., W ashington, I). C. I). L. M um pout). M anager ot Safety. .New Y ork C entral Svite*n, N ew York. N. Y. : C uy L. N oble. M anaging D irector, N ational Com m ittee on Bovs ami G irls Club W ork, Chicago, 111. H enry K. N orth, V ice-P resident, M etropolitan L ife Insurance Co.. San Francisco, Calif. ,, ' .V W esley I. N u n n , M anager, .A dvertising Dept., S tandard Oil Co. (In d ia n a ), Chicago, 111. Clifton W . P h a len , P resident. M ichigan Bell Telephone Co.. Detroit, Nfich. H arry L. I'ow eu.. M anager, 'M anufacturers Sales, Goodyear T ire & Rubber Co., Milwaukee,- Wis. M rs. Ivy Baker P riest. T reasurer., of the United. .States,';.W ashing-' ton, I.). C. :C.W '-C C C iT '-A W H arry R ead, E xecutive A ssistant to the S ecretary -T reasu rer, Con- : gress of Industrial O rganizations, W ashington, D... C. : M rs. J ean W ade K indlaub. V ice-President, Batten, B arton, Durntm & O sborn, N ew York, N. Y. A. V. R ohweder, .S upervisor of S afety and W elfare, Duluth, i.riissabe & Iron Range Railw ay Co., D uluth, Mirm.