Document 5kxQ2vzRMkprQxnL2nzwmDb15

Cfrarles River Associates OUTLINE OF MAJOR POINTS Lead pigments account for less than KJi_ percent of total usage of lead during the relevant time period. Much of the lead in other uses is still in the environment and may have contributed to the exposure of the plaintiff, and the plaintiff may have been directly exposed to lead in automotive emissions, water pipes, industrial emissions, and hazardous wastes from abandoned lead-processing facilities. A number of companies in addition to the defendants were involved in manufacturing, selling, and using lea^pigmentft 3. The time period during which the lead pigments present in the plaintiffs house were manufactured is unknown, and the identities and shares of lead pigment manufacturers changed drastically over time. 4. Most of the lead pigments that may have been in the plaintiffs house probably were applied very early in the relevant time period. Information on producers of lead pigments is more } sketchy during these years than during later years. 5. A number of different lead pigments produced by a number of different companies is likely to be present in the house. White lead carbonate used in house paints accounted for only about 6(/^percent of home use of lead pigments during the relevant time period. .6 A number of non-defendants produced white lead pigments during the relevant period. This may have been particularly true in the 1916-1917 period, when the pigments used for the initial painting of the house were probably manufactured. Other non-defendants entered the business in later years and also could have been sources of lead pigments used in the house. 7. A substantial number of non-defendants produced red lead, litharge, leaded zinc oxide, and a variety of other lead pigments during the relevant time period. 8. Any market share analysis must take into account the effects of exports and imports. to S) oU*-*-'- 1I, Charles River Associates 9. The FTC findings do not support the contention that "defendants or their predecessors in interest marketed all or virtually all of the lead used in lead-based paints sold in the United States." a. The FTC findings covered a small number of years centered around 1938-1941. These years are not representative of market conditions during the years when most of the lead pigments used in the house were probably manufactured. b. The data presented on market shares by the FTC generally add to considerably less than 100 percent c. Although a large number of lead pigments were contained in products sold for house use during the relevant period, the FTC report focuses on white lead carbonate. Incomplete information is provided on red lead and litharge, and very little information is provided on other lead pigments. d. The FTC report focuses on sales of lead. As the FTC states, many paint companies may have manufactured lead pigments for their own use. 2 DRAFT Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel SUMMARY OF POINTS I. To apply the "market share" theory, the plaintiff must show that: A. Lead pigment is a generic or "fungible" product. However, the various types of lead pigments are not fungible. They vary by manufacturing process, chemical composition, lead compound, physical properties, and particle size and shape, among other factors. All these characteristics influence the toxicity of lead pigments and the pathways leading to human exposure. Lead pigments and lead-based paints varied significantly in these and other characteristics among the relevant firms and over time. It is not known what types of lead pigments were applied to the Liston Street house. B. The period of time in which the ingested pigments were manufactured is known. However, it is unknown (and unknowable?) when the lead pigments were manufactured, sold, mixed into paint, and applied to Liston Street (In fact there may be more than one lead-based paint source depending on how many times the house was painted with lead-based paint and when.) Thus, the "relevant time period" may be as broad 1917-1973 or even broader. For example, pigments in paint applied in 1917 may have been manufactured one to two years earlier; alternatively, lead pigments (if any) in products used after 1973 may have caused injury. C. The effect of lead pigments on the Plaintiffs health is unique and identical. In fact, plaintiff's condition may be attributable to many other factors, including exposure to lead in other forms than pigments and other non-lead related factors. D. A substantial share of the parties potentially responsible for Plaintiffs injuries are before the Court Yet, many actors involved in the manufacture, distribution, sale, and use of lead pigments and lead-based paints are not named as defendants. Even if it were determined that the injury was caused entirely by exposure to lead pigments and that only the lead pigment producers (and not, for example, the paint producers and other such actors) are liable, a number of producers of lead pigments N39082.01 DRAFT Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel used in house paints and other products used in the house are not before the Court. The plaintiff relies on findings of the FTC for the 1938-1941 time period (approximately) to support her assertion that the defendants accounted for all or virtually all of the lead used in lead-based paints during the relevant time period. However, the shares of white lead shipments or sales reported by the FTC for the defendants add up to less than 100 percent; the FTC findings did not report market share data for all defendants for red lead and litharge and present no data for other lead-containing pigments; and the time period covered by the FTC is of little relevance to the case at hand, as it is likely that most of the lead pigments used in paints for the house were manufactured several decades before the FTC study was prepared. E. Each defendant's liability must "approximate its responsibility for the injuries caused bv its own products." or that "a particular defendant's potential liability is proportional to the probability that it caused plaintiffs injury." ) A number of issues related to these points are addressed in more detail below. II. As shown in Exhibitsthrough, lead pigments account for only a fraction of the lead in the environment and of human exposure to lead, whether this is measured on a national, regional, or site-specific basis. A. Lead enters the environment in a large number of ways; exposure to lead in house paints represents only one of the many pathways for human ingestion of lead. B. Examining the United States as a whole, each of the following stages in the lead materials cycle leads to emission of lead into the atmosphere, the soil, and the water systems. 1. Mining. 2. Smelting. 3. Refining. 4. Manufacturing and fabrication. -2- DRAFT 5. Use. 6. Recycling. 7. Disposal 8. Incineration of garbage and waste. Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel C. Over the relevant time period the production and use of lead pigments represents only a small fraction of total production and use of lead and lead-containing products. 1. Present annual production of lead pigments (Exhibit__). 2. Lead pigments accounted for about 12 percent of total lead usage during the period 1921-1976. (See Exhibit___ ) D. Other important lead producing and using activities include.... 1. Present data on: a. Mining, smelting, and refining of lead. b. Use of lead by application (Exhibit__). 2. Present calculations of cumulative shares (Exhibit__). E. If lead production and use patterns are analyzed on a regional basis, the shares of particular activities change. However, in the relevant region, the use of lead pigments in paints still represents well under half of total introduction of lead into the environment 1. Present data for the relevant regions (which would include the Northeast New England, Massachusetts, and/or Boston). a. Primary Lead mining, smelting, and refining (minimal in the relevant region). b. Lead recycling. c. Production of lead-containing products. d. Consumption of lead-containing products (by use). (The latter two* categories could be developed using data by region on industrial composition, demographics, housing stock, automobile registrations, gasoline sales, etc.) (Exhibit__). -3- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel 2. Identify firms in Boston, Massachusetts, New England, and the Northeast that produce or use lead-containing products, or recycle lead (Exhibit__). F. The level of risk to human health is not proportional to throughput of lead by type of activity. For example, production of ballast may cause more exposure and emissions of lead than production of lead pipe. Similarly, usage of lead in ballast or ammunition is not as environmentally hazardous as usage of lead in gasoline. Similarly, the degree of hazard posed by different lead pigment production processes or usage patterns differs by type of pigment HI. Even if lead pigments could be shown to have accounted for all the adverse health effects, however, the plaintiff's theory and its application would not be valid. A. A number of actors were involved in the sale, distribution, and use of lead pigments and of lead-based paints during the relevant time period. These include: 1. Companies that mined, smelted, and/or refined lead. 2. Secondary lead refineries. 3. Paint companies using lead pigments to manufacture residential paint They decide whether to use lead in paint, how much, for what type of paint, and what if any, label to put on a product 4. Stores and distributors selling lead pigments and paints. 5. Professional painters who bought lead pigments and mixed their own lead based paint 6. Property owners who bought lead pigments and mixed their own lead based paint 7. Importers of lead pigment and lead-based paint (Possible exhibit: lists of actors in each category) B. Another named defendant is Lead Industries Association, Inc. (LIA). Yet membership in'the LIA changed significantly over time. provide detail -4- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel C. Even if the potentially responsible parties are limited to lead pigment suppliers, a number of companies in addition to the Defendants supplied lead pigments during the relevant time period. The identities of these firms and the shares of individual firms changed over the time period. 1. It is likely that most of the lead pigments used in the house were manufactured in the early years of the relevant time period, when information about relative market shares of individual companies is more scanty and when more independent producers may have existed than in later years, a. Exhibitshows that white lead pigment production peaked in 1922. Production fell sharply during the Depression years of 1930-1932, increased modestly but to levels far below 1920's levels, during the 1933-1937 period, and declined steadily thereafter. (1) Exhibitshows that over half of the lead pigments produced in the 1916-1976 period were produced before 1930, nearly a decade before the period examined by the FTC. About two-thirds of the total production during the relevant period occurred before 1938. b. It is impossible to know exactly how much lead contained in lead pigments was applied to the house or when it was applied. However, on a probabilistic basis, most of the lead was probably applied to the house in the early years of its existence. (1) As Exhibitshows, the average white lead content of all paints declined rapidly throughout most of the period 1917-1976, computed from data on white lead production and shipments of paint, varnish, and lacquer.1 As the amount of paint used per painting of the house can be expected to be fairly constant over time, this implies that the lead content per painting declined rapidly over time. (2) It is unknown how often the house was painted. Exhibitshows one possible time profile of lead usage, assuming that the house was painted every eight years and that the quantity of paint used each time This series to be replaced by a series on paint only. -5- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel was constant. As this exhibit shows, under these assumptions about 40 percent of the lead pigments used on or in the house during the 1917-1976 period were applied in 1917. Additional amounts of about 30 percent and 15 percent were used in 1925 and 1933. The conclusion that a very high percentage of the lead pigments present in the house was applied in the very early years of the relevant time period is not affected if other reasonable assumptions about painting frequency are used. (3) It is likely that more paint was used the first time the house was painted than during later times (a good primer coat needs to be applied the first time; later paintings can to some extent be applied using remaining earlier coats as a base). As Exhibitshows, if the first painting used twice the amount of paint as later paintings, nearly 60 percent of the lead was applied in 1917, over 20 percent was applied in 1925, and about 10 percent in 1933. (4) The latter estimate overstates the percentage of lead still remaining in 1973 that was applied in 1917, as weathering, sanding, and stripping would have removed some of the original lead. Nevertheless, it appears likely that a very substantial portion of the lead present in the house in 1973 was applied in the year of construction, 1917. 2. A variety of lead pigments produced by a large number of companies at different times during the relevant period were in products sold for home use. White lead carbonate represents only one category of lead pigments used in paints, varnishes, and other products commonly present in houses during the relevant time period. For example: a. Litharge was used as a drier for paint, and varnishes and as a raw material in the manufacture of linoleum. Litharge was also used as a raw material for red lead and for lead acetate, which was in turn the raw material for a number of lead pigments. b. Red lead was used to provide protection for metal surfaces; in home use, red lead-based paint may have been used on the prime coating for radiators, gutters and down spouts, railings, and other metal surfaces. -6- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel c. Basic lead sulphate (manufactured from ore) was used directly in paints or as an intermediate product in the manufacture of leaded zinc oxide. d. Blue basic lead sulphate (manufactured from ore) was used as a primer for iron and steel. e. Various lead chromates (yellow, red and green) were manufactured from lead acetate, lead nitrate, or white lead. Orange mineral (orange lead) was manufactured from white lead. f. Leaded zinc oxide was made from basic lead sulfate ore in combination with zinc oxide, and was a substitute for white lead. As Exhibitillustrates, available but incomplete data on these other products show that they accounted for a significant percentage of total use of lead in lead pigments in products primarily sold for home use. During the period 1929-1976 these products accounted for aboutpercent of total lead pigment use in the home. These data do not include litharge used as driers for paints other than white lead carbonate paints and certain pigments not made from litharge. 3. A number of known producers of white lead pigments during the 1916-1976 period were not owned or later acquired by defendants or any of their predecessor entities. a. Exhibit showing production plants, capacity, and ownership by year. b. Identify all "independents" and "unknowns." c. The identities of operating plants owned by defendants and by independents changed greatly during the 1916-1976 period. For example:2 (1) A number of independent plants were operating in the 1907-1911 period and may have still been operating in the 1916-1917 period, including the Rowley plant (Detroit, MI), Graves Lead Company (Camden, NJ), Nevin Lead Company (Pittsburgh, PA), Lewis Lead Works (San Francisco, CA), and Pioneer Lead Works (San Francisco, CA). (2) Two other independent plants were operating in 1916-1917: Harrison Brothers of Philadelphia (acquired by DuPont in 1919) was operating in 'Note: all dates identified for production of individual plants and companies are approximate. -7- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel the 1916-1917 period but was closed in 1926; W.P. Fuller and Co. (San Francisco, CA) was also operating in the 1916-1917 period, and substantially increased capacity in 1923. It operated at least until the late 1950s. (3) Another independent, John R. MacGregor Lead Co., entered about or before 1940. MacGregor is known to have bid on military contracts during World War II and was still in production in the late 1950s. (4) Euston Lead (acquired by Glidden in 1924) and International Smelting and Refining are known to have been in production in 1919, but it is not known if they were producing in the 1916-1917 period. (5) National Lead closed or consolidated a number of plants during the early years of the relevant time period, including Chadwick Lead Co. (Boston, MA) in 1921, Anchor White Lead Co. (Cincinnati, OH) in 1932, Perm White Lead Works (Pittsburgh, PA) in 1931, and Sterling Lead Works (Pittsburgh, PA) in 1934. (6) The defendants exited the business at different times. National Lead continued to close plants in the 1940s and into the 1950s. Sherwin Williams exited in 1947, Eagle Picher in 1950 (after closing two plants in 1932 and 1946), and Glidden in 1958. Thus, the shares of total white lead capacity -- and by inference production - of the defendants as a whole, and of each separately, changed significantly over time. In particular, in the early years of the relevant time period a number of independent firms may have been producing white lead. 4. A number of known producers of red lead, litharge, leaded zinc oxide, and other lead pigments other than white lead were not owned, or later acquired by, defendants or any of their predecessor entities. a. As shown in Exhibit___ , a total of___ plants have been identified as producing red lead, orange lead, or litharge during the 1919-1970 period. Data are not available for years prior to 1919. (1) A total of at least___ plants that produced during this period were never owned by any of the defendants. In particular, DuPont, Lead Products -8- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel Co., Pennsylvania Smelting Co., and W.P. Fuller and Co. were all in production in 1919. Other companies that produced these pigments in the 1920s and 1930s included Franklin Lead Oxide Co.; Gould Battery (probably for internal use); Grasselli Chemical Co.; Harshaw, Fuller and Goodwin Co.; Andrews Lead Co.; Hammond Lead Products Co.; and United Color and Pigment Co. In 1938, one of the years examined by the FTC, non-defendant producers of red lead, litharge, and orange mineral included Andrews Lead Co., Dupont, Hammond Lead Products, Inc., possibly John R. MacGregor Co., United Color and Pigment Co., and W.P. Fuller and Co. (2) Of the defendants. International Smelting and Refining never produced litharge, red lead, or orange mineral. Glidden did not begin production until 1927. National Lead and Sherwin Williams both had plants in operation in 1919. b. Base lead sulfate production is reported for four plants controlled by Eagle Picher and National Lead. In addition, a number of other non-defendant producers, including New Jersey Zinc and St Joseph Lead, produced basic lead sulphate as an intermediate product (in the production of leaded zinc oxide) and possibly for sale. c. As Exhibit___ shows, all the defendants probably produced leaded zinc oxide in portions of the relevant period. In addition, a large number of non defendants probably produced leaded zinc oxide, including American Chemet, American Smelting and Refining Co., Empire Zinc Co., Federated Metals, Mineral Point Zinc Co., Missouri Oxide and Chemical Co., New Jersey Zinc Co., Ohio Zinc Co., River Smelting and Refining Co., St Joseph Lead Co., U.S. Zinc Co., Utah Zinc Co., and Western Zinc Oxide Co. A number of other companies may have also produced leaded zinc oxide. 5. The Bureau of Mines reports more lead pigments production than does the Lead Industries Association during the years 1932-1949 (Exhibits). Furthermore, the Bureau of Mines data represent a lower bound estimate of actual production, as companies are not required to report data to the Bureau of Mines. As the defendants' production of lead pigments (for most years? is Anaconda included?) -9- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at die Request of Counsel is included in the LIA data, these facts support the conclusion that defendants did not produce -- all or virtually all -- of the lead pigments during the relevant time period. 6. During the relevant time period, U.S. imports of lead pigments and leadcontaining paints varied from______topercent of total lead pigments consumption (Exhibit). Imports into the port of Boston accounted for a larger share of consumption of lead pigments in the (Boston, Massachusetts, New England, Northeast) region (Exhibit). 7. Exports of lead pigments fluctuated greatly during the relevant period, varying betweenandpercent of total shipments (see Exhibit). As different pigment producers may have accounted for different shares of exports at different times, using shares based on capacity or the FTC shares based on total sales or shipments would be a very inaccurate method for determining share of liability in the case at hand. 8. The composition of production by type of pigment of each defendant was different a. As the distribution of use of each type of pigment is different the health effects of different lead products differ from one another. Therefore, using shares of total pigment production, shipments, or capacity to determine liability would be inaccurate. b. Furthermore, the FTC report excludes market shares for some lead pigment types [give examples]. 9. The percentage composition of production and Shipments of different types of lead pigments changed over time during the relevant period (Exhibit). As the shares of each Defendant in different types of pigments varied, using aggregate measures of market share would yield inaccurate estimates of liability. 10. The FTC data relied on by Plaintiff are for the United States as a whole. Although data on market shares for individual regions are unavailable, it is -10- DRAFT Charles River Associates Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel extremely unlikely that each defendant's share of lead pigment use in Boston (or other local markets) was equal to its share of national pigment shipments. C. The FTC findings do not support the contention that "defendants or their predecessors in interest marketed all or virtually all of the lead used in lead-based paints sold in the United States." 1. The FTC findings covered a small number of years during the late 1930s and early 1940s. These years are not representative of lead pigments production during the relevant time period. a. Over 50 percent of total lead pigments were produced before 1930, well before the time period addressed by the FTC. b. Well over half -- and possible as much as 90 percent -- of the lead pigments used in the house were probably applied in 1917, about two decades before the paint examined by the FTC. c. The identities of lead pigment producers and their respective maiket shares changed radically over the relevant time period. This was particularly true for the early years, when most of the lead pigments were applied. 2. The data on shares presented in the FTC report are ranges for a span of years that differs for each company, but which are centered about the 1938-1941 period. The shares generally add to considerably less than 100 percent For example, the total of the shares reported for the five companies are 88-101% for white lead in oil, 59-83% for dry white lead, and 55-59% for red lead and litharge (see Exhibit). 3. The FTC report focuses on white lead carbonate. Incomplete information is provided on red lead and litharge. Very little information is provided on other lead pigments. 4. The FTC report focuses on sales of lead. As the FTC states, many paint companies may have manufactured lead pigments for their own use. 5. The FTC data are for the United States as a whole, and there is no reason to believe that they are representative of market shares in Boston. -11- S3 =JF3 c=Q TJ ZD o -n o o CD ZD mm r-- O BUREAU OF MINES LEAD CONTENT OF LEAD PIGMENTS (SHORT TONS) WHITE RED LEAD LEAD BASIC ORANGE LEAD BLACK LITHARGE MINERAL SULPHATE OXIDE PREPARED AT REQUEST OF COUNSEL ManLEADED ZINC ZINC OXIDE OXIDE 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 .1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 120046 87329 78374 53784 60469 63593 83079 89779 90791 75115 78593 69535 86750 73757 49056 61143 39742 49825 57791 35011 21504 35897 27409 22287 20634 20670 20888 19560 18219 14646 15114 14019 12997 12457 11198 10077 9232 9839 8098 7549 8396 7500 7042 6492 5682 4724 2705 1312 39375 30493 23005 17569 20060 24972 25173 31517 32986 26608 35977 38905 47615 45228 48499 48411 43685 27084 32675 26924 23900 30884 30880 29570 29016 24390 26304 25937 24561 19883 19974 20491 20664 22570 23370 25212 27027 28174 24357 21589 21378 18416 21346 21908 15718 18021 17629 17775 82670 67510 60446 52877 56469 66690 74724 81883 79704 60509 83935 85005 112099 86667 103993 136353 131116 123698 161823 148038 114314 165428 141215 134445 145890 131016 133511 123373 98870 85625 98288 96810 91900 95704 87381 93214 98240 100531 88890 106857 114757 123252 128592 130014 162905 142813 124181 122920 702 11759 222 7217 5823 4746 256 6717 3962 147 4936 3199 136 7801 5023 142 4686 296 6503 5128 7628 249 6268 10400 237 6532 12201 91 3569 9948 120 3847 13089 180 6141 13338 172 7648 19031 81 5587 14254 3 5172 11584 254 3419 17392 196 3134 16419 113 NA 19016 0 NA 21024 17900 9390 14667 12818 9633 9553 7969 109023 6546 102494 6395 124109 4484 115499 3402 147066 3905 133638 3022 140973 3788 153819 2487 175005 2424 170394 1991 184774 1906 190931 1775 194909 1310 208067 1474 233312 571 236514 515 270097 W 292492 W 326580 W 392421 W 351171 W 374761 W SOURCE: MINERALS YEARBOOK, BOM, 1930-1976, LEAD CHAPTER AND LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALTS C W=Wm-iHELD N39082.03 ISSaiF! PREPARED Ai ncuoi--, OF COUNSEL CUMULATIVE LEAD USE IN PIGMENTS (1921-1976) VS CUMULATIVE USE OF LEAD (1921-1976) SUM OF CUMULATIVE LEAD USE LEAD USE /SHORTTONS) /SHQRT70NS) SUM OF CUMULATIVE LEAD USE LEAD USE IN PIGMENTS IN PIGMENTS /SHORT TONS) (SHORTTONS) 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 520,550 683,150 768,000 812,150 856,000 901,000 841,000 931,000 972,000 769,000 568,000 417,000 450,000 488,000 539,000 634,000 679,000 546,000 667,000 782,000 1,050,000 1,043,000 1,113,000 1,119,000 1,052,000 956,000 1,172,000 1,134,000 958,000 1,238,000 1,185,000 1,131,000 1,202,000 1,095,000 1,213,000 1,210,000 1,138,115 986,387 1,091,149 1,021,172 1,027216 1,109,635 1,163,358 1,202,138 1241,482 1,323,877 1,260,516 1,328,790 1,389,356 1,360,552 1,431,514 1,485,254 1,541,209. 1,599,427 1,297,098 1,490,072 520,550 1203,700 1,971,700 2,783,850 3,639,850 4,540,850 5,381,850 6,312,850 7,284,850 8,053,850 8,621,850 9,038,850 9,488,850 9,976,850 10,515,850 11,149,850 11,828,850 12,374,850 13,041,850 13,823,850 14,873,850 15,916,850 17,029,850 18,148,850 19200.850 20,156,850 21,328,850 22,462,850 23,420,850 24,658,850 25,843,850 26,974,850 28,176,850 29,271,850 30,484,850 31,694,850 32,832,965 33,819,352 34,910,501 35,931,673 36,958,889 38,068,524 39231,882 40,434,020 41,675,502 42,999,379 44,259,895 45,588,685 46,978,043 48238,595 49,770,109 51255,363 52,796,572 54,395,999 55,693,097 57,183,169 159,500 159,500 186,000 345,500 176,000 521,500 184,000 705,500 173,000 878,500 156,000 1,034,500 164,000 1,198,500 154,000 1,352,500 150,000 1,502,500 116,000 1,618,500 95,000 1,713,500 86,000 1,799,500 97,000 1,896,500 106,000 2,002,500 127,000 2,129,500 139,000 2268,500 143.000 2,411,500 114.000 2,525,500 132,000 2,657,500 125,000 2,782,500 174,000 2,956,500 143,000 3,099,500 129,000 3,228,500 140,000 3,368,500 109,000 3,477,500 109,000 3,586,500 121,000 3,707,500 142,000 3,849,500 107,000 3,956,500 166,000 4,122,500 140,000 4,262,500 122,000 4,384,500 130,000 4,514,500 116,000 4,630,500 131,000 4,761,500 120,000 4,881,500 115,361 4,996,861 95,901 5,092,762 103,671 5,196,433 98,541 5294,974 95293 5,390267 102,968 5,493,235 99,OTC 5,592,310 103,636 5,695,946 108,883 5,804,829 119,888 5,924,717 103,190 6,027,907 109,734 6,137,641 102,386 6,240,027 98,736 6,338,763 81258 6,420,021 89214 6,509,235 108,766 6,618,001 116,213 6,734214 79,072 6,813286 105,591 6,918,877 CUMULATIVE PIGMENT USE (1921-1976)/CUMULATlVE LEAD USE (1921-1976) 12.10% N39082.04 N39082.05 1916 1922 1928 1934 1919 1925 1931 1937 NOTE: 1916-1928 LEAD CONTENT IS ESTIMATED USING PIGMENT PRODUCTION VALUES AND CONVERTING, ALL OTHER FIGURES ARE ACTUAL LEAD CONTENT. 1940 UJ ., 5 fe CL. c= EH1=> eg ("1 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 197 PHfcPAKtU A i tttuucai OF COUNSEL BUREAU OF MINES LEAD CONTENT OF LEAD PIGMENTS (SHORT TONS) WHITE LEAD RED LEAP BAStC ORANGE LEAD SLACK LITHARGE MINERAL SULPHATE QXIQfi LEADED ZINC OXIDE ZINC 1913 1914 1919 1919 1917 1919 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1929 1929 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1939 1938 1937 1939 193S 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1948 1947 1948 1949 1960 1991 1992 1993 1994 1966 1956 1997 1996 1999 I960 1981 1982 1963 1964 1969 1966 1967 1968 1966 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1979 1976 119,606 117,076 96,734 86,400 77,166 104,318 109,271 127,712 146,243 122,199 140,621 122,929 112,360 118,271 119,479 120,046 87,329 78,374 93,764 60,469 63,593 83,079 89,779 90,791 75,119 76,993 69,939 86,790 73,797 49,056 61,143 39,742 48,829 97,791 35,011 21,904 35,897 27,409 22,267 20,934 20,670 20,688 19,560 18,219 14,646 15,114 14,019 12,997 12,457 11,196 10,077 9,232 9,839 6,096 7,549 8,386 7,900 7,042 6,492 9,682 4,724 2,709 1,312 14,578 17,278 18,100 22,582 24,272 25,823 16,354 22,882 28,528 27,810 31,2*2 31,913 29,300 30,373 39,370 30,483 23,005 17,569 20,080 24,972 25,173 31,517 32,986 28,808 35,977 38,905 47,515 45,228 48,499 48,411 43,685 27,084 32,875 26,924 23,900 30,884 30,880 28,870 28,018 24,380 26,304 20,337 24,561 19,883 19,974 20,491 20,694 22.570 23,370 25,212 27,027 28,174 24,357 21,569 21,378 18,419 21,348 21,908 15,718 18,021 17,829 17,775 27,345 19,589 28304 33,077 38,856 35,054 49,747 31,432 43,898 56330 56,043 84,810 81,908 81241 84,178 82,870 87310 60,448 52,877 58,466 66,890 74,724 81,883 79,704 80,500 83,935 86,005 112,099 86,667 103,993 136383 131,116 123,989 161,823 148,038 114314 130,428 141218 134,448 148,890 131,016 133311 123373 98370 88,628 88288 88310 91,900 90,704 97,381 83214 88240 100,831 88380 108,887 114,787 123282 128392 130,014 162208 142313 124,181 122220 a a a 6,173 a 5,552 a 6,601 a 9,309 286 8,676 278 10424 485 8462 248 10429 630 11447 610 9403 532 10,112 344 12,002 702 11,759 5.623 222 7417 4,746 256 6,717 147 4436 3462 3,199 136 7401 142 4,686 5,023 5,129 296 6,503 249 6468 7,628 10,400 237 6,532 91 3,569 120 3447 12401 9,948 13,089 180 6,141 172 7,646 81 5467 3 5,172 13436 19,031 14454 11484 254 3,419 196 3,134 17402 16,419 113 NA 0 NA 19418 21,024 17400 9400 14,667 12418 9.633 9453 7,960 109,023 6446 102,494 6406 124,109 4,484 115,499 3,402 147465 3405 133,636 3,022 140,973 3,788 153419 2,467 175,005 2,424 170494 1,901 184,774 1408 190431 1,775 194,909 1410 206,067 1,474 233412 571 236,514 515 270,097 W 292,492 W 325,580 392,421 w w 351,171 w 374,761 w 138 40 0 0 0 0 1 0 CUMULATIVE WHITE LEAD PERCENT OF THE TOTAL WHITE LEAD PRODUCED DURING 191*1976 AFTER EACH YEAH 86,400 163,586 387,884 377,188 304,867 881,110 773,266 913,886 1,038,814 1,148,174 1,267.445 1,382,824 1,302,870 1,500,298 1,668,873 1,722,487 1,782,826 1,840,519 1,929,888 2,019,377 2,110,168 2,185,283 2,263,876 2,333,411 2,420,161 2,493,818 2,542,974 2,804,117 2,643459 2,693,684 2,751,475 2,786,488 2,307,990 2,343487 2471496 2493,883 2414417 2,934487 2488,778 2478435 2493454 3.009400 3423414 3,037433 3,060430 3,032,787 3,073468 3,034,082 3493494 3,103,133 3,111431 3,118780 3,127,178 3,134,678 3,141,718 3,148410 3,193,882 3,183,619 3,181421 3,182433 1004)% 97.3% 918% 91.5% 88.1% 844)% 79.4% 753% 71.1% 672% 63.7% 592% 562% 523% 49.7% 472% 45.5% 43.6% 41.6% 39.0% 36.1% 33.3% 30.9% 28.4% 262% 233% 21.1% 19.6% 17.7% 16.4% 143% 134)% 113% 112% 10.1% 92% 83% 73% 72% 93% 53% 53% 43% 4.4% 44)% 33% 32% 23% 23% 22% 13% 13% 1.4% 1.1% 03% 0.7% 03% 03% 0.1% 0.0% 04)% NOTE: 1919-1928 ARE PIGMENT PRODUCTION FIGURES CONVERTED TO LEAD CONTENT BY A RATIO OF .79 DATA IS IN SPREADSHEET LEADGRPH.WK1 THE TABLE THAT THESE DATA ARE TAKEN FROM ARE CALLED "CHEMICALLY MANUFACTURED LEAD PIGMENTS MARKETED IN____ . FOR THE YEARS 1914-11 OR 'MANUFACTURED LEAD PIGMENTS MARKETED IN_____ FOR THE YEARS 1919-1917 OR "MANUFACTURED LEAD PIGMENTS MARKETEO IN THE UNITED STATES." FOR THE YEARS 1918-1919. OR "LEAD PIGMENTS AND SALTS MARKETEO IN______ " FOR THE YEARS 1919-1922. OR "LEAD PIGMENTS AND SALTS SOLD BY DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN FOR THE YEARS 1922-1928 IN THE YEARS WHERE THE DATA OVERLAPS THE NUMBERS ARE THE SAME. ONLY THE TITLE OF THE TABLE IS CHANGING. IT IS ALSO NOTED THAT THE PIGMENTS ANO SALTS SOLD ARE TAKEN TO REPRESENT THE PRODUCTION. THERE IS NO ACCOUNT OF THE STOCKS ON HAND AT THE BEGINNING OR ENO OF THE YEAR. ANO AMOUNTS USEO BY PRODUCERS AT THEIR OWN PLANTS ARE INCLUDED IN SALES. (MINERALS RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES 1924 PG. 142) SOURCE: MINERALS YEARBOOK. BOM, 1930-1978. LEAD CHAPTER ANO LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALTS CHAPTERS. WWITHHELO N39082.06 O 5 CO iimpg igS ass 0-02 95 2? z $ ii sx m> J5l o o o m s x Jo ES a cd p ms d 2 2 zm 5? z > gfi o 82 Zc m_' z o mc N39082.07 3 m "D oo S2 3> mC/5 m30 m a? c (ft u a Oo o H zO 0 T| 35 1 H m r- m> o "O o s m z 3 o Dm o 5 1916 1922 1928 1934 1940 1919 1925 1931 1937 SOURCE: CRA CALCULATIONS BASED ON DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DATA AND BUREAU OF MINES MINERAL YEARBOOK. 1943 1946 1949 1952 =03 I c=Q 1955 1956 1961 1964 1967 1 ISfilFTF 1 PREPARED AT REQUEST OF COUNSEL ASSUMPTIONS FOR SCENARIO #1: 1) THE HOUSE IS PAINTED EVERY 8 YEARS BEGINNING IN 1917. 2) EACH TIME THE HOUSE IS PAINTED, IT REQUIRES 50 GALLLONS OF PAINT. 4/yl-JL*. cT"> CX-~X OuoZ. ^j o saJL^. QO^ j ^Wa v Vy v J X--ISM ta*. I^W'AAa^ }^~ VA.-,L'-,wc%t Ow e X^o--*-0- <5 *Vo e yO-Al V, WUoVCc K^<<0r, ~ ./~W.-, ^ N39082.09 SOURCE: CRA CALCULATIONS BASED ON DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DATA AND BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS YEARBOOK. i IS 3 io 3 S s OB O -* 8^ 0>9 CO m --i > O r- >o o> Z X CO 3 0m m i-- >1 33 O >l tJn2 mO 1^ H -4 |m 1 z CO r xo > c CO RHI m c=0 N39082.1O "TJ 39 3* O-n a3>9 OO CO 39 mm m co sun, PREPARED AT REQUEST OF COUNSEL ASSUMPTIONS FOR SCENARIO #2 1) THE HOUSE IS PAINTED EVERY 8 YEARS BEGINNING IN 1917. 2) THE FIRST TIME THE HOUSE IS PAINTED IT REQUIRES 50 GALLONS OF PAINT EACH SUBSEQUENT TIME, 25 GALLONS ARE REQUIRED. N39082.ll --I 9 f z Hm rm" > o > u *r0; m o 3 H Z m m <3 O z CO zo CO m 1917 1920 1923 1926 1929 1932 1935 1938 1941 SOURCE: CRA CALCULATIONS BASED ON DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DATA AND BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS YEARBOOK. S) Rn] 1944 1947 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 m ~X3 1968 H o u "O N39082.13 oo on oa mm r- o m N39082.14 z 2 m 5 r oVm) r 0z $> 60) <ro0 p 1 CzO tJ mz 0? 1 z o* om f8 c? *: 3 f !!* xmao 5 a 9 CO in r" mo H m o m EED z o c CO 1--l t l I m t=0 323 m "P oo o^ 2^ CO 30 mm r- O m co ) NOTE: BASED ON 8A LE S1929-1945, SHIPMENTS 1946- o o $ oo 8 ^ og 3& m Z O c CD sic CO iSN gm o> mz --i CO o -n r" 5 Om 0 N 1 8 8 5 CO m r om h (j=E3 m a *--unJ =3 s mro 8 CO DO mm m co 1 C CO (0 X tj 2 m z H CO O n > co o r D rC*cO m QJ -< <=0 > z CO CO *I m 1S B 3C C3msO 0 m1 3 NOTE: BASED ON SALES 1929-1945, SHIPMENTS 1946BASIC LEAD SULFATE IS LATER COMBINED WITH WHITE LEAD SO AS NOT TO DISCLOSE COMPANY DATA. ES ^=0 o >; *n PO NOTE: BASED ON SALES 1929-1945, SHIPMENTS 1946- z O m 5 CmoO Oz mco <roo <P 0 mS 1CXO D sm m 3 i, S?'IJomi : 8 H O om o ll IIm Ig Th IF :* 5rn IQ Cs) S5> <=?D =3 1 oo o^ cn 33 S CO ULl a --i UJ LU CC. ^ si oo r5r uO- UJ c=> Q2= CS3 UJ CO 3 Q Z UJ Q ss a J UJ ft m UJ a cc 1 UL O SI - (0 I I o u. N39082.2O NOTE: BASED ON SALES 1929-1945, SHIPMENTS 1946- NOTE: BASED ON 8ALES 1929-1945, SHIPMENTS 1946- USM! MEANING OF STATUS CODES: s DNL DNLF DNLU DO DOF I INF NSD OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD 1907 OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD SOMETIME AFTER 1907 OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD TIME UNCERTAIN OTHER DEFENDANTS OWNERSHIP IN 1907 OTHER DEFENDANTS OWNERSHIP SOMETIME AFTER 1907 INDEPENDENT INDEPENDENT SOMETIME AFTER 1907 OTHER DEFENDANTS IN PRODUCTION AFTER 1907 MEANING OF TABLE CODES: I SW NL DU EP GL AN C LT UL . IN IE X S U INDEPENDENT SHERWIN WILLIAMS NATIONAL LEAD E I DUPONT NEMOURS EAGLE PICHER GLIDDEN ANACONDA CLOSED NATIONAL LEAD LIMITED TRUST UNITED LEAD PLANT PARTIALLY OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD HAMMAR BROTHERS/EAGLE PICHER NOT FULLY CONSOLIDATED DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE BUREAU OF MINES LISTING OF PIGMENT PRODUCE SOLD UNCERTAIN AS TO START-UP DATE FOOTNOTES: *1 MERGERED WITH CHADWICK LEAD N39082.21 zz'zzmm mSgz_ *5lsi siiiss 2H3*o r> n r rt il l3 3 8 s 13 i ? wj mo !| ii 2^| ? 5 MS22223222 P^comcocncococo ggggggg fl5ftfgS>"DSi>'0S.*>0iS>`Ti3S>i"OiS>TiJS>"i0 .PP5 s mco l%i<is<9lcilzs^ose .355 *ggSl 225050 ,x 5'2|5iS 0 1 88ipi|pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp -* 0) 1 W o 2 TJ m 3 aCD* 9 i s<D - - - - - -- - -- - - -- --- - -- q- - q- - - - q q q - q q q q - Z r* - - - --- F FZ Z Z Z p- f r- r* ZZ r- r" FFFzFFF - --- FFFFFFF - --- F F F F FZ, Z r* r- - -- F Fz zr* Z r* Z n Z r* - ---- F Z r* F F F F F F F F F- - - - - Z zZ 1" r- F F Fz- - - - - r* Z r* Z r* Z r* - -- - -- - -0 - - -O - -- -- - - - -- -- -- --- ---- -- - --- - ---- ---- -- q q- - - - -q qq -- qqq qqqq qqq q- F 5q--q - FZ Z l" r* FFFF F FZ r~ FZ r~ F F F F F Z f- - FFF FFFF F F FF F Z r- F F F F - FFF Z r* F F F F F FF F F F Z 1" F F - FFF FFFF F F FF FFFFFF - F FZ r* F Z P* F F F F FF F F F FZ Z r- r-- F FZ r* FFFF F F F CO F F Z r* F F F -- - z r- F F Z p* F F F F F F FFFFFF - FFF z r* F F F F F F Z r- F F F F F - 0 1890 sCD 2 O I CD <410* I CD (O G> s <0 CD <D (Jt 0<S CD c=g=o c==Q -0 O -n O O CZ m "O > 130 m O 3> --( CO m 1-- 30 m O CD CB *a* i i& I S3 1 i r hj 1 c=0 i^ -4 mM* 8 "D <009 ZD m rp CD 8 o -n ZD m CD O O O c: 3> CO DO CD 8 mm i-- O <tt* c: 8 9 --1 5 i 93 1894 f52!388E?5i ipiiilllgipili 2 to ;moo iifeiPsil Sgi- mrgcgfjf^3idpt|jgOos| QORJms w 8'8e |* s* S?| bso8^5Ci 8*' m 8 os ii (0 <0 3iiSc|Q51 r-o(nm:os'oor' * 5I 3i sc s|o8P88" 8f*5 CO Pliil mmzE cQ5P.3fnCJ Px0S2-5^ r- > oto tom P >r*r*r* Bggggggg<0(0(0------------------ 3xTJ3xT3 8xT381TJ81TJ81H331TJ PPgS 'ifRMl m co 33i illPlii! '8 8ngC*inntiCigl nCCCSCSrrrrrrrrrrrrrr2rrrrrrrrr - ---- F F F z 1" F F -- ---- FFFFFFF - -- - - F F F F F F F - ---- FFFFFFF FFFFFFF - - - - - c F F F rZ- zr* F F - - - - - - - cr~ Zr" F Zr~ Z|-- zr- Zl- zr~ 1 - X - - - - rZ* F F F F Zf z z 1" F F FFFF F zzZ r~ r" r* FFFF F z r* Zr- zr* - F F F F F F rz* Z r* - rZ* Zr- F F F zr- F F - F zr* F F F F f zr- F Z1" F F Zr* F F Zr* zr~ z1" F zr* Zr- Zr- zr* F Zr* - - F rz~ 1z- Z iZ- F Zf F z F FF FZ r* FF FF FF F Zr* F 1C- zr* rZ~ rz- co F F Fz Z Z r* r" P* FFFFFF - F FZ Z r~ f" ZZ r~ f - FFFFFF F F Zr~ Zr* F F cr- Zr~ F F zr- F F F F zr* F Zr~ zr~ Z F F rZ* rZ* rZ~ F F F F PZ" XXX 01* i 8 0 0 0 Osi rcoo a0. 8 8 0 8 8 O 8 .0tk J0k cc*o> 8 8 0 8 jOk C(0t> O 8 0 8 8 0 0 0 8 0 JOk 0 jCkO 8 O O 3 C3O2 CCOD -0-----F - - ----F -0 - ~ - - - F - - -zF -s - - O zr* z 'is o - - -O Zr- 5 Z1" F F zr* F F F F z1-- F rZ~ F F F F F Zf" F F F F Zr~ F F rZ* F Zr* F F F Zr" F F Z1" F * F Zf CO F F F FF z1-- F F F F FF F FF F 3 m co i 3 SO o 8 1 m 8 m OS 9 s<0 85 CO 8a* i fed t--xn "iJ t=Q I O -8 Sp-5< T33 m"O O -n 5 m Oo O co rmo <0 O Oci CO to CD c*> 3 a 9 S[ S3 S5> unri] =a ~a o >: -n m oa o CO 33 m rn i-- O CZ m co "sssssigiuiisisiSHSHaisss<- Hso seus<ss'*<sasismHimssssBsssiBsssssssssss! Ilillllllllllllllife ii.SSB8 888Ss s s -s s 8S5S58ps C'SSSS i!iiiii!^ii8s8liss88il8mgiiri8irrirrrri'8l'iiri'is }I}IS{$i.Iii!If|i8888.. -SSSiss ... . ... .. S.S*.____ ,ss 8.st* Iiniiiiiiiiiiiiissi8lsi:sss8isg8issilis8sss's8ii8iiiss'g'rr^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiisssisisiiiissiiilssss^^sssssiisgslsssQSssssKisii = -2*88888888888 SSSsSf.S S$S88888l8i!iiilSi^8^Sig8l^^ ffSflpM.SsSsS St.BBSSJtSSSSBsSSSsSSQBSSiisl?*8sirrriis?rgrr35r8si555^^55?5i?^55^5???5 is i00000008*0000 !Hs312 liimsgsgiggsgi ii.l, s s i tii'iigiiiSSi'iiis s$,. .si i s g -. .rgS!8c.3u882S88S:!ii2j88~oo*il3 .-> w * u M - !138ll8SslSSS5M8isB8..-assSss,00*MttON-^N^O^*OOOlioSIM^M>*9W^OO O^fllSoS pl5iSgiSSSSS^oSSSjS49oi ^-- 12 5 sis 2 Si' SI SI B 3 3 BBsSgesSss -- ................ OOOON*-*0^^<*->O^OOO^OSSON sss >OOQO>`-*NaiUMUO *3828888SS8S8o5S8S8S .ooSBoSsssIggSiSIsJSSSgS???55555555 ,83S8-SS8Se8::ss..5555555555555555555555555555555 issISiiSIsiilisgssSIssiisssfsiw ooooooo -- ^ioooo o U M U ft) ta ^SONO*SlDI\>Saa4)IUNAOu5N^OOO*> o n o o o o iSilll c 0) i 3 VJ [S3 G* s^> c g =o c=0 -o ZD -a o oo 3> CD 33 i-- O f\ u"3 c=Q -a 30 -a I White lead' I* also called `Corroded White lead' and Basic Carbonate White Lead' In the source tablet, le a d Compounds le a lto called `Other Lead Compounds In the source tables. Asterisk Indicates less than 1 ton. Where different yearbooks report different valuee, the value In the most current yearbook I t used. Value o l litharge from IM S onwards Is stated on dMsrant basts. -pid aspp TJ "O TJ t> WOVD WO-OVD V ssss m^smm 2332 38 233S38B8**&is.tfSIiIIi fill t9*? y P?S2 $gggg VSUUiititt Jfff ii|Sii32l8jHM88m?ivmrfrmrf mumu riMij! II! rrrrfvrlrtrlvm c-tnl c=a ~XJ 30 ro oo i5 ^ 3D mm l-- O mco iimiSHIIiiiliiniiiliiiiiiilifiiliilililil 2SafmtlSS5li8cSiSsnsSSrr2SS2il>!`agir52rS3S llliPlfiliiiiisiiiiiiiiii l3831HSS3383IBS88'32SttS8* wmmumm S3 555ls55555555 55555555555555IIf5555555 Hiip, 55liiili55555 aoia*p**^<DU wos ssssssasBBsssssssssmgssisissgBfcsasssisBsaBi 5555a U * N IO ^ 88888BS883a858S83*8SimSB8883S338SSsS8 iiiiilil'iriii'iiii'iii'i'iisii W- --M UUU !Sigs3 5555s^555555555555555555555555555555a 55588235555555555555555555555555555555 sBissHisisBissssiiiliiiaiiBssuBBBsias 553882S838555555555 oooooooooooor ARSENATE COMPOUNDS OF LEAD LEAD UTHABQE IE A D L fl MINERAL SULPHATE LEAD -- CES5-- IOTHERIEADI SUBOXlOE SUBlIMED JWHTTE+ H ORANGE --IflASICIEM RED----------- WHITE LEAD LITHARGE LEAD LIT M INERAL PIGM ENTS ARSENATE COMPOUK LEAP WHITE LEAD VALUE O f EXPORTS n-----ISO---- ---------------|WHlTE+ ORANGE IOTHERLEADILEAD------IBTHERIEi QUANTITY EXPORTED (SHORT TONS) K 6 "50 (, yW DRAFT Privileged and Confidential Prepared at the Request of Counsel Exhibit__ Summary of FTC Findings Company Defendants: National Lead1 Eagle Picher Glidden Sherwin Williams Anaconda (IS&R)1 Total Yean Shares of US. States White Lead In OS Dry White Lead Red Lead and Litharge 1936-1942 1930-1946 1932-1943 "For many years" prior to 194S 1937-1941 60-63% 15-20% 2-9% 5% 3-4% 85-101% 30-35% 8-12% 8-18% <1% 10-19% 59-83% 50% Not reported 4-8% <1% 55-59% Leaded Zinc Oxide "substantial" Basic Sulphate of Lead "substantial" Others MacGregor has produced basic carbonate of white lead. W.P. Fuller has produced basic carbonate of white lead. Hammond Lead Company has produced oxides, red lead, and litharge. Many manufacturers of ready-mixed paints have produced white lead in oil. `Total share of U.S. sales of white lead: 1938 58.8% 1941 53% 2Share of total U.S. sales of white lead: 1938 6.6% 1941 8.8% Source: Charles Riven Associates, 1991 F:\USER\PROD\514\TESTOUTl.DOC N39082.24 19 LIBRARY OF BOOKS ANO MATERIALS PERTAINING TO LEAO PIGMENTS Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library Pigment Library A History of the Lead and Zinc Industry of the Tri-State District. Arrsll Gibson 19S4 Kline Guide to the Paint Industry 1975 Lead and Zinc Policies of the War Production Board and Predecessor Agencies 5/40-3/44 The Lead and Zinc Pigments, C 0 Holley, ISOS Analysis of Paint and Vanish Products, 0 O Holley, 1912 1909 1912 Analysis of Mixed Paints, Color Pigments, and Varnishes, C Holley, 1908 1908 Minerals Yearbook, US Geological Survey, and BOM 1883-present American Bureau of Metal Statistics 1923-present Metailgesellschaft 1910-present (older scattered) Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy (Lead Chapter), Donald M Liddell S Staff Spe< Lead In Modern Industry, Lead Industry Association Paints and Their Compoaltione (North Dakota State University) Paints and Paint Products (North Dakota State University) The Lead Pigments Chapter 13, Protective end Oecorative Coatings, Mattleilo 1945 1952 1908 1905 1942 Census of Manufactures Paints and Pigments 1910-present Lead Specs Various, American Society for Testing Materials The Industrial and Artistic Technology of Paint and Varnish, Alvah Sabin 1917 Lead The Precious Metal, Orlando Harn 1924 Protective and Decorative Coatings, Joseph Mattleilo, 1943 1943 Sweet's Catalogue File, Various Years Summarized Data of Lead Production, US BOM, Lewis Smith, 1929 1929 The Industrial Arts Index, Various Years 1914 Notes for A History of Lead, William Pulslfer, 1888, (Chapter 18) 1888 Bibliography on Lead and Lead Products, J. J. Berliner & Staff 1935-1940 Marketing Guide to the Paint Industry, Kline 1985 1965 Modern Plgm ents and Their Vehicles, Frederick Malre, 1908 1908 Lead and Zinc News, 1901 1901 Lead Industries Assoc, Annual Statistical Review 1929-1939 The Industrial and Artistic Technology of Paint and Varnish, A H Sabin, 1904 1904 Rustless Coatings, M P Wood, 1904 1904 White-Lead its Use In PianL A H Sabin, 1920 1920 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Colors, Henry Gardener, 1940 1940 Metallurgy of Lead, H O Hofman, 1918 1918 Annual Reports, Eagle-PIcher, Anaconda, National Lead, Sherwln Williams (various) 1900-1974 N39082.25 9rZ806M '8822! (OJ C2222 !lillliSS 'rrrrrrrrrrrr si - - F z ZP ? z p ? fE ? zz pp JE o ;rj> - - ? jE ? ? F fE ? z p 2 - -o zp ? zr* ? fE ?S *o <Sji - ** F ? ;e zp* ? z p ;3> m2 - -0 ? ? ? ? z p zp ? z p X X m m2 - X ? X X ?E X X X X X X ? X X X zp X X X zp X X XXX?X?XX X X m m2 - X Zp Zp zp X X z p X X X X zp X X fE X X X z p X X X F X X X X X z p X z p X X X X m m2 - X Zp Zp F X X z p X X X X z p z p X X rz* X X X z p X X X z p X X z p X X X z p X z p X X m m2 - ? zp pZ ? JE Zp ? m m2 - ? zp z p ? zp zI- zp* ? zp z p z p zp m2 2 - ? ? F ? ? is z p ? zz pp z p ? m2 m2 - z p z p ? ? z p fE ? pz z p z p ? 8 2m - ? F ? <8 *8 - o ? ? ? ? z p ? ? ? ? ? fE ? ? fE z p ? 2m - X?? ? ? z p z1" z p z p ? m2 m2 - ? ? ? iE Zp z p ? ? m2 m2 - zz pp ? % Zp ? ? * jE *5 m - jg ? ?* *13 m2 i 2o22Q TsJ m2 CO OB 9 <0 s <0 CJI s s sMfc CD <0 *--ird s c==G I -a IXJ s G> m ~o fe. 3> DD m oo o 3> rr C 3OB rr. cr; 3mJ i c c O c & c -O rr to 3 c c * r- ss c O c -O to c 1 - 1I c i 1 X1XXE XXE XXE m 5 s (O 8 is E 1 - E sfas) I i - E r" i - E P - E P - E *! P - E I P - E P1 - E P5 - E RFO C==Q "O 35 TJ o 22; oo c/5 ^ mI-- *oZ2 Cml C/5 ? m"0 - - X m TJ X XF *8 m TJ m TJ m -o m T) m"0 m -D m TO o FF FF FF Zr* F FF FF zr* F ZF FF FF FF FF Zr* F FF FF FF zr* F FF F F F F F Zr* Zr* F F F F Z1" F F Z f F F F FF F FF F F F Z(" F XF F F FF F F FF F F Zr* F F F FF Zr- Zr* Zr~ F Zr* F F F FF F FF F FF F ZI-- F F FF F F F X Zr~ Zr* Z r* F zr- F F FF F FF F F F XF F F F Zr~ zr* F Zfr F F F F 9mccoo 1 O m i 3Zm0 8 o ? i i i <0 I uonJ <0 c=Q S o -o o k "O o-n s2 OO O^ Mb U cn =g mm I(71 i-- O Cl mMb 0> co i O o 3O2 so m s 2 9 S 09 p 1 r r~ P i 1 P r* D r* g 'r r- r- % c r* % c - r- % c - r* % c - %c r* - r- g- - r o - P 3 rPm "0 s to X u(0 2 o 2 2 l\9 2 2 2 <n 2 2 2 <0 *=nrD 'c=a TJ OD TJ o-n >30; OO Cmr--O mO m co '28?^iegioQ|28(- 0s--S0s23|55--?a5m2i S^8u 88k |s 1 |p 2 S o0*lIgwI855 3 5CO CO igsil CD PSp s >2E &i8* mil siiii lliiiis^ili iHiig *sassli|i$ Soni|< li filial8 I 1! : m 81| si 81 Pi| Ss| ^ if i !525f5?iS?*3333333JSS5*5|5555a555P8a22|833 : QI 8558585c8nggtOgO8Tgtfg>WgSto5?5?uO? 8I p (B a I a a a 33 5 F.O.O < < 3 SSZSSSSSS9?zz.2.2 m ?iSWSfiiBMfek*-*-- pi TIP*" ff >>>>>>>TJT3T3TJTJT3 TJ->-?3 << Z 0> 1 1 m '8*n8-n C "n r CD ?1 CD m2 CD CD m 5o 3oz O 8 3 a p fS p pP p8 P >S zr" z1-- Zr- P ?z zr* p F F Z1" P z1-- zr* p 0 ? ? ? P p zr* ? zr* ? p ? ? ? z1" H=F fed < 2 RrD ID =3 2 to s "D 3D "mO o-n 3>0 oo p 5> CO 30 mm r-- o CO & SjJIBCTS 2 if^Qooo, | |||2i88 8 ills! 3 Wggpg Q 3a 2 w O I8 .8 lipi-ii ill13.8.8 |i ;ieo 58Fr"li !8>5 Sis I STATt 1907 1 1 ^ CO CO ^ ooo CO 1 m 3 O2 -o 8 m s o 9 5 s ar~ i O r* *B O r - o r* >0 p o p* p o r- Q CO <o g (D Ul s IO <o 2 fed <D 8 R?a <0 8 t=3 <0 <0 8 "O ZD 3 O-n >ZD; OO CmD ZmD iL.? f? CD SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. 3 o co liiilil 555 iiiilgiiii ifilS isir `mmx x i-5'5 I CP OOODOO( ZZZZZZ!-. 5555555! IS__S__S__S__i_ ! ?iii! SSSEESB1"1"1 - -- --- - -- - -- o- -- -o -- - ---- - - - -- -- - - - - ---- - - - -- - -- -- ----- - ---- - ---- ---- --- -- -o --- -- -q-q- - q---- --qqqqq qqqqq q Fq-q-qq F2 r~ 2 r* 2 r* 2r~ 2 r* 2 1" 2 l" 2 r* 2 r* 21" 2r~ 2r~ 2 r- 2 f 2 r* 2r* 2r~ 2i" 2 r~ 2 2r~ 2 f" 2 |-- 2 r* 2p. 2222 r~ r* r~ r* F F2 r* 2Z r* n - 2 f- 2 r* 2 f 2 r* 2 1" 2 f" 2 r* 2222 r* r* r* r~ F2 r* 2 l-- 2 1" 2 f" - 2222222 2222 1" r* l-- r* 1" r- r* r* r* F2 2 2 2 f r~ r* r* 2p. 2 1" 2 r" 2r* 2 I" 2 r~ F2 r~ 2 1" 2 r~ 2 r- - 2 r-- F 2r* 2 r~ 2 r" - CO 2r- 2 1" 2 r* 2 r* 2 r* 2 f" F 2 P* 2 P* 2 r* 2 r* 2 r-- 2 r- 2 r* 2 r~ 2 P" 2 r* 2 r* 2 r* 2 1" 2 l" 2 r~ 2 r* 2 r* 2r* 2 r~ 2222 f" r" n r- F F 2 r* 2 r* 2p. - F F r2~ F 2 1" - F2 r~ 2 r* 2 r- 2 r* - F2r- 2f" 2 r* 2 f 2 r* 2 f~ 2 r* 2r* 2r~ F2f-- 2 f-- 2r* 2r- - q --q- q- -- q -qqq- qq- -q F F- 2 r* 2 r* 2f-- - 2 r~ 2p. - 2 r* F F2i-- - 2 l- 2 1" 2 1" - 2P- - 2 r~ F F F(B - 2 r* 2 1" 2 I-- - 2 r" - FiB - 2 1" 2 1" 2 r" - 2 P* 2r~ - 2 1" F - F 2 r* 2 r* - 2 r" F 2 r* - 2p. F -2FF- FFF--F F F F F FiB - - r2* - - |2-- F F FiB - 2 r~ 2 P* - 2r~ - - 2P- F F F F FiB - 2 r* - 2r~ -- - - - - m -5 zss -m oo o - IS cz - 0 Is CmO 3m0 - 'clcl - - !: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. 8m 3QS S s 9 {Si EL c=s=3 c=0 -o ZmD -o o : -n Sm oo Q 3> co ^ m rn t-- O SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. 3WD CO 2 O 2Q r'r-r~i~r*r_r-i--r-i-i z 1-- z r- z P" z r* zr~ F zr* z Zr~ zr~ zr~ z 1" z 1" zr* z f- - Zr* - zr* Zr* Zr* - Z r* F Z r* - - Z P* 2r~ zr~ zr* f zr* - zr~ z1" z1-- zI-- - 1Z" zr- zp- zr* zi- - z 1- - zr* zr- F - zr~ F F - - F Zi" z f" Zi" zr~ F - F F F zr~ - z r* z r* F Zr- z1" - zr~ - z r* Zr- Zr* - Zr* F Zr- - - Z r z f- z r~ z r* rZ* Z r* - Zr* z r- Z r* Zr- - F - F rZ~ rz~ z - - Zr~ - rz~ iZ" fZ" - F F rZ" - - rz~ z r~ Z n z r* Z r" Zr" F z l-- F z r- z r* cr* Zr~ c r* Zr* z r* Z r* z n - F z r* - Zr- z 1" z r" - F Z1" z 1-- - rc* F z f" z r* z r~ z 1" z 1" F (C- zr* Zr~ z r* F F Zr* Cr" zI" F z 1-- z 1" - Cr* zr~ - Z z 1" Zi" - Cr- Zr~ F z r" - Cr~* Z 1" z 1" z 1" z 1" z r* z f" zr" Z r* z r* z r~ Zr- Zr* Zr* z r- z 1" Z1" z 1" zr~ - X - z P" zr~ - - zr* zr* z 1" - F CO F Zi-- - zI-- Zr~ XXX o88o8oo8o o8 o88o88oao 8 8 8 8 A o 8 8 8 ICO71 O o 8 cn 8 8 8 z r- -o 1 Ol z 1" F z r~ - z r* z 1" z i-- - rz~ zr~ Z r* - z r* z 1" - z 1" Zr~ zF" - Z r~ F Z r- - Zi- Zr" Zr* - Z r* zP" - zp" Zr~ z r~ - Zr~ Z1" z r~ - z 1- F z r* - Zr* CO F z r~ F - F F zp. - z r" FFzF o F zr~ rZ - rZ~ F z1-- zr- F F F z F o Zr* zI- zf-- - zr* Zr* z r~ Zr* F Z r* Zr* z F *o F F z r* - z r~ z r* F F F FFzF Zr" Zr* F F - F Z r~ F F F FFFF I-to <o d - o Is m 3 CD 9 (O s & fed I c=iHl =3 , 1 ^1 I--* mco "O m TJ > to 3mD oo o 3> 23 Cn 3D inn m -- O C ia*-.rs 1 <0 --s ioi SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. ma CD O m i 3 1 M- ik2-l;S2d33 -- -- 8 aii - - i -- -- - - - I$cn 1 -- 01 I ciii tn: 1 I 8 -o 8 m 8 C D* 9 SD S3 r to c=Q O 3 i * II ic c :S. -o i || -- IloS|Sc c j|| |d ;-N> || Wiii - c xi* i || | 1 - - - |s c c || $13 |j| || -- 1(0 IS c c || 1# -- IS IS c || |i> || || - -- Is IS c |||a! c 1* -o- 4$ II - - |1ln(AA0 icn 3337 m37 o--n 32m>7 o C? o z Cm/3 5-->i -s' fT. o cmz SGI SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. u 55555555555555555555EET o zZ r- r" - z r- z r* Z r* z r* z l~ zZzz 1" r* r* r* *> zr~ z 1- P - z I" z r~ z r" z p- z f" zzzz 1" r* r- r* o 88o8o88o8o8 o 8 8 o o 8 o ci o 8 8 8 8 o 8 8 8 8 o o 8 j* d 8 8 8 g1 o o z r* z 1" Z r~ - z 1" z r~ z r~ z r* z r~ z r* Z l" z1" z r* XX X X XXXXXX XX XX X X X X X X X X z r* z p* z r* - zr~ Z i" Z i" z i" z r~ z r* z r* z i-- Z 1" X XXX X XXXXXXXX XX XX XX X XX z r~ X z i~ zr~ z i" - Z r* z r* zr~ z r* zr- zr~ zr* Zr~ zr~ X XX XXXXXXXX XX XX XX XX X X X z r~ X zI-- ? z r~ - z r* Z r- Zr" Z 1" Z r~ ZZZ 1" r~ r~ X z r* z r* Z r* z r~ - z 1" z r* z 1" z r* Z r* z 1-- z 1" ? Zr~ z r* z r* Z p" - zr" zr-- z r* zr* z r* z 1" z 1-- P Z r* Z r* z 1" z r* - Z l" Z l" ? z r~ Z r* z r* f ? z r* zr" ? zi-- - zr* z r~ z r- F z r- F z 1" F f z r- - jB F ? Z r- F? z r* Z r~ z r~ z r* - zr*" o Z i-- z 1" z1" z r- F ? - z r* z 1" X z f-- Z r-- Z r- J6 - F fB zr* zP" Zr~ z r* p- Z 1" zZ r- f" X IS l<D IX X |I 6 -T3 ZD 5 SIS IV) Oo O >- Cm/3 1mX5 i 1-- O lOD GO SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. pi mm llg||f||s| m S o ^ pin g! 3 E |8llllip 8 ;|ss MS II SB 8 fom f*ls"f Pq zQ?5 rl-^-d 5 '= 5i |CCCCCC2 qjig c o i ;i| M -o c <z -* II - *3 M- 8 |aCaD* o 0 2 1 x 8 m 8 amm>k 9 <j i M 01 Om 01 i 88 |i .tk 01 88 r[SB8 CD c c ;|| -p - 0 I2S x1X ni m CD IS X X i i? 1 m 8 X i M X x 1 rn >8 |i EEJ ss RH3 c=Q -- 1 m 8 I 1 1 1 1 - fn 8 11 liI p <8 IIi p *3 8 II1 p *5 8 i p 8 >8 l II1 1o- 8 8 II1 p <8 >8 1 p 8 m X -a DO -a o==n ^ m O CD cy a rt SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. <: 2 P P 3m> 5?8?8?55>05>56>5505*3123roS3?> 3 3C1D Sll33$2^32255i3i5iiiSiiSg81g51i2iS! fflj >0232 5^?? 5 is simm--d--r-ps* o3 o33ox^-......._ !2il zz m O 2 D ?s 3 "D S C--AD 9 o s 12-2j |i EE) cxrD c=Q lSo FIro "O O 25 OO co m O R C" If , c.. FIce SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. iiifiiiii S52 ills_ p r ni r Z Isfc 30Sr-- r- zz ' 1 5i' li lI3itloi1lsiifi|1il 58 8 lliiiili IIP*QSSSS&3QO Hi pSJ?Z i mt ess > *| S- g s CO CO o s3o m 3 a00* 9 ccccccz otgjg T1 IS S 1 p <3 3 or" <S r" $ Is P X *3 i O r~ r~ *3 1 r~ <3 B r~ i >3 n r* <8 S rO~ *3 c o n <3 Fli\> c Or~ 3 c r~ >3 M P =3 3 -- r* o o >8 - p X- *3 - r* is) fesJ R7D c=Q -o 3m0 no o oo emg Srn i-- o L/> SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. mom JqO 8 Frnt>o (>O V<0 DOD O3D DQD-.rOP 52 50 00??-^|z K 555 13 s o s 8 o*n 5o 3 D -so m 1s 2 9 | I 3 R70 (0 1s t=0 m o >; -n 2 oo o^ C/3 US <3 pra crc> --H SOURCE: BOM AND OTHER SELECT SOURCES. MEANING OF STATUS CODES: DNL DNLF DNLO DNLU DNLX EP EPF GF I INF IU NSA SWU OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD 1917 OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD SOMETIME AFTER 1917 OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD PRESUMED OPEN OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD TIME UNCERTAIN OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD PRESUMED CLOSED EAGLE PICHER EAGLE PICHER SOMETIME AFTER 1917 GLIDDEN AFTER 1917 INDEPENDENT INDEPENDENT SOMETIME AFTER 1917 INDEPENDENT STATUS UNCERTAIN IN 1917 ANACONDA NOT OPERATING IN 1917 SHERWIN WILLIAMS UNCERTAIN TIMING IWff PREPARED AT REQUEST OF COUNSEL MEANING OF TABLE CODES: I INDEPENDENT SW SHERWIN WILLIAMS NL NATIONAL LEAD DU E I DUPONT NEMOURS EP EAGLE PICHER GL GLIDDEN AN ANACONDA C CLOSED LT NATIONAL LEAD LIMITED TRUST UL UNITED LEAD IN PLANT PARTIALLY OWNED BY NATIONAL LEAD IE HAMMAR BROTHERS/EAGLE PICHER NOT FULLY CONSOLIDATED X DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE BUREAU OF MINES LISTING OF PIGMENT PRODUCERS S SOLD U UNCERTAIN AS TO START-UP DATE N39082.27 SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 8rZ806N pl>` pmUJ pmiu pmm pmm mpm mpm mpm mmampmmmampmmpmmpmmpmfpmn 3mr > Zm 5pp mamamamamaranranamamamamam11 am ma p p p p p p O p p p p Oipp am am PP aaaaaaaaaaaa mmmmmmmmmmmm p Pppppppp pp p | o | o o o o ooo o o o ooo*00 000000b 0boob0000 booobboboobb OOOOOOQODODOSOOD rn m m m m mmmmmmmmm m m bb b b bbb b b bb b bb b b -OmzOmzOm zOm OmzOmzOmizOmzOmOzmOzmOmlzOmzOm Om mO 000000 rn m m rn m m 000000 m m m m rn m xccccccc cccccc[bbbbbb SooooooooooSoooS 33303 o ddq d __ __> 33 33 3 OOOOO azaaazaa OOOOOOOO o3 oa ao ao ao ao !?; a00a 0a 0a0a0a llillllliilllll Sr"rrrrrprrrrr 1so2syqo5o2o2o5o2o2o2o2o5o2o2 liooooirn Ii2228:p' o ? co CO CO p 3 R CO CO CO O i1oSESESEga5z 222222 OOOOOO i-- r* r* f r* 1-- mmmmmm 233232 8XX 8X m33m 3m 3m3m3m O 1 co O co 8? 3 2 co 3 S 37s 9* co jg2 !li5 Q^Qsssssssss r- r- 88 0*n 0-n 22 Z3S20B^OOZ S=IPaiSFii?i W Sm W "8p22ii 888|8| *8 20P03J3 2*33*- 555588 PPPP 8888 siii1 3 z SSap 5 > ;C o @ 8 3 2 m 5 <0 <0 s 1 S3 , Zr- Zr* Zr* z1" Z1-- rZ" Zr- Zr* zr* , Zr~ Zr- Zr* F zr- Zr" F Zr* F 1 Zr* zr* Z1-- zr- zr* Zr- F Zr* Zr* Z IS z1-- , Zr- Zi" F Z F F F C2S zr* 9 Zr" zr- Zr* zr-- 1Z-- Zr- F 23 , F F Zr* Zr~ zp- Zr* F r 1 rZ* Zr~ Zi" F z1-- Z1-- Zf-- I Zr- F Zp- Zr- Zr* zr- zr- j OPmmmmmm rST)333"03 H m3 m3 m3 1(0 IS c=0 m3 *8 m3 m 3 *8 m 3 *T7 UO m T? o S=s m3 a 8 <0 o -n i !1 m 3 m3 m3 m3 <0 iro ICP i ! *8 m3 m3 m3 cry za s !r---n Om ! I i m3 m3 m3 i !11 m3 m3 m3 *8 <o SOURCE- BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. ! 7Jim053m0JOm0Jm033n0Jim30Im2oJnp5j3mOJ2mO2mJO3mOJ3mOJ:i1 ;q2o 2o 2o2o2o2o2o2o2oSo!2oj! I S5888888888! 88 22 pmpmpmrpnpmmp mp mp mpmprpnmpmpmpmp p3mJpm3Jmo3Jro3n3moXmo33mo3Jro3nJom3Jor0ii3moI3moJ3mo3 o o'o oo obbbbbbbbo ooooooooooooo 22222222222222222222222222 Om .Om rOa mO m^ m Qm mQ Qm m m mpm m^m O m O m O m (D m O rn O m O m T?> m O m O m C) rn Q m fi _m --~ ~ 1 i 1 i i i i i i PlpiiiH*=? 3JII3J53 p o o o o o q o o o q ooooooooooooo CiirViTlpIOOiOi,. 505O2O2O2O2o fm* fm mr- mf" mr* rm- j22|222 lsll8ilSisssSs m msmismmm 933333 IsQlSgSESSSpSsSs^sBlBSseg ^5^288 oo o o gi|8SS|8 8888 ------ - 3 II 88 Ssli 8 i 8" !:X0rZa232m5E0>g5pS0x0Hm2 imfTJcco>2p3co8sO lip 8 2 >id HQ>S3H S3 2 lllpips I i 30 ,1 1 8 m 3 S CD S ;gzjsjsjs;z22 m m m m rn m 0TJT3 3TD , c Zr~ zr~ zr* Z l-- Zr~ , c 2 Zr* zr- j6 r, z Zf-- 2 zr* Zr-- Z f zr" r , Z 5 Z r- 2 Zr* ? ? z r* ? ,z r5 Z r~ ? Zp- zf Zr- Zi-- z r Zr~ Zp zr* zr~ Zr* zP" z ? ? P z ii ? 3 Eg Eg 2 m -o Eg m T3 Eg m T3 Eg m "0 2 m tj Eg mTJ Eg m *0 m m -o *3 <? m "0 or* Eg Eg <g 1 "O s 3D Is m 33 ]os> T0l 30 no 00 is is 0. r~7 j > ^ --* C/? m3D o rn OO ra- 2 Eg m *0 2 SOURCE: BOM MINERALSYEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 3m0m3 3m3m3 mmmmnimmmmiTimm poop p p op o ppp O p pp ||O o o o o o o o o ooo oo OmOmOmQm mO mOmO 0m mQ mQ m(J} mm Qm m m c cc c cc ccc c cc 3O3O3O3O3O3OO3O3O3O3O3O3 slllllilllll crrrrrrrrrrr iEgS OOOOOOOOOOOO 08 8giw 888888888g 88 8 $3 55 OZ3530O>P0Z prn^Si:6">'lZS?s3> tDQ"S0 Sg1 m m mo mo3OmDp3mJ3OmD pm33 pm3D m3O0 mp3Dm3pDmp30mp3D1tI o3) o30 30 30 :11 o 0000o 00000000 )1to3m0 o3m> 3mo0 3mo0 0000 jOTirOnrOnnOifTOi Orti OniOfnOmOni11 o m o m o m o m ccccccccccccccccccccccc 33333333331333333333113 00000O033O03O03O030O30O30O 00000000000 iil|FlSiO O O O J m ni 5ttmoo 5tmtoo mt5too gro,,= SC5 Co oC EEEg* m m 3m 15 2O 5m3m tm zzS @>uOo Srn0Srm0rSm0rSm0rS0mrS0rm >333422 g0 Sm Sm SmSmSmSm C3 3 333 3 IlimOZZ o o o co 2< 5 5 gssssSS 9*0000 8883811 18888 8- 3 m On 3 O 3 2 0 3 0 m2 3 0 a isgisgs s m33m 3m 3m3m3m 0 3 *s )F0> =3 Is "zmOa "D *3 o >; 'm klo<f0tl oo O 2r !<D ,s z^ CO 1X3 m 1-- O |S CD CO SOURCE: BOM MINERALSYEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. TJ Im3C "C O--n 3mC OO g ^m =rn5 i-- O cz m co 5s0s65ss05ss05s r- r- r~ r~ o5*o5o5o5 to I 3555 e mm |33 jcSS = D] m m P>33B wrr 8gg a 88 8 (S IQ R pill g CO CO 5 22 *8*8 R IfS SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 3o2m <o ? 8 S3 "U zc m "O o >; *n m OO C/3 3D mm i-- O m co FFMS'S F 8 It* F& F F F 2r~ SOURCE: BOM MINERALSYEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 2a 222 2w2e oooo r- r* f r* 2oo5o5o5 mm mm ScdOfiOi ff9mrn CO i33 CO J iijmm 5? = 8g| 88 8 ICQ VO Pi ig** mF | 111 "IP O TJ 3m0 *TJ 3Srn OO O -p, c: 5 S m rn i-- Ccm3r C/3 <0 Is <0 Is SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. SS55 iiii CO c cow rn rn m rn 3555 co; 3^ 5 B a1m 1ma * || m32 88 8 ! 3s 5 s 5 <8o !3j zsz; w s S3 *T3 3D m"D > 3D OO C5 s^ O m go 32 rz-zrr- nTJmu 8 CP 18 SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 5o B a mz a ocmo 3 3 -0 3 <a003\ IQ K t=Q -a 3m0 T7 is 8"" D> 3D m oo t-* C J CO m30 0 1 blosi CO <0 18 SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 5o 2sma u 8 8 23 CO 5 O 3 to s (O s |Q H SH c t H1 c=Q r10e0 TJ 33 B -O s o 25 slo_ oj --t O -w -5 5 Is J/5 33 m rr, -i-- O SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. 5o 2a2mz "H0 3o mOco o z <0 <ccno0 ID H "O i- oTl m22>2 o oKIVVO)I s= --i Is IXJ m rn -- o UIso i. SOURCE: BOM MINERALS YEARBOOK AND SELECTED OTHER SOURCES. N39082.29 CC^<O-i--XJZi2--Z1---ZZi--jvj 'F-- F1 r m*X3 m "0 >z 5CO 54O^. O co $1 zm mi z < at zz S3 OO Z>r- Z>r- 55 UD 5" a? > kO$20c1>aoj m3 om I O(om-- aj 5 m no m 2omz c"0 a; 01 wmo 3 z*< oz > Oz > O zzz m"mzo0 zDmTm3 Om-mzo zom zom omz 7* T* .H rCmD; 3 Cz Om CmD Em= m o>D r-O wmc d cco CD m>o o O i>< m co 3CO H^ z gmO om o > m"D Dm;;o "Z22Z OOP H 1ma> 1am> > CO O > Fh S oH N oZ !oS o X oo Dm 2TozmJ -3o0 -O o oo o CmO 3rDn i-- O mco 53 RHJ ==0 O O o mco O aj m>o mo N oz o X o m 3m3 o mr" > o >z o > 33 m >z C3 03 > CO o rm- >o cCO 5 m SOURCE: CRA CALCULATIONS BASED ON BUREAU OF MINES DATA. NOTE THAT EXPORTS ARE SHOWN AS NEGATIVE FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATION. BED LEAD PIGMENT PBODUCTION SOURCE: CBA CALCULATIONS BASED ON BUREAU OF M M BED LEAD PIGMENT EXPORTS MINES DATA. NOTE EXPORTS ARE SHOWN AS NEGATIVE FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATION. WHITE LEAD PIGMENT PRODUCTION SOURCE: CRA CALCULATIONS BASED ON BUREAU OF MINES DATA. NOTE EXPORTS ARE SHOWN AS NEGATIVE FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATION. M WHITE LEAD PIGMENT EXPORTS