Document 5knqD9y2xpD7ZQK6pdk410d9J

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT THEY SAVE LIVES * a . CUT COSTS! Because they supply the ideal com bination of rugged, fracture-resisting strength and cool, light-weight wear ing comfort, M.S.A. Skullgards are the most popular protective hats made. You see them eieryuhere~-on construction jobs, in the oil-fields, in mills and mines--hundreds of thou sands of them, more than paying their tvay in reduced injury rates and compensation costs. soften from water, perspiration or oil, and they're non-conductive to electricity. Eight different hat and cap types arc available, in all needed sizes, to meet every requirement of the job or the man. Let us give you an actual demonstration of their north, just a note from you, and we'll make the arrangements--at no obligation to you, of course. Skullgards really protect--not only the crown, but the front, sides and back of the head, too. They do not MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. Braddock, Thomas & Meade Sis., Pittsburgh, Pa, District Representatives in Principal Cities M*S*A SAFETY EOUI PMENT . . , Camlet Rctpirator* . . . Mulct of till Typ** ,, . Protoctivi Hi** *nd Cap* , . . Edison EUctnc , Oc*orf{wit,>r ftuKrtnU w ill hr sent on rnfm-vj WILLSON /VAr SUPER-TOUGH LENSES WiLLSON 1 Flot Super-Tough lenses are made from a formula developed especially for uniform L heat treatment >w.. THE REGISTERED U VI TRADE MARK ON MILLIONS IN SERVICE (S YOUR ASSURANCE Of A UNIFORM PRODUCT w WILLSON- ^ Flat Super-Tough lenses meet the most rigid specification requirements for strength and freedom k from aberration. Flat Super-Tough * lenses are free from . distortion because they are flat ^ WILLSON' Flat Super-Tough lenses are not sold on Xi specrtaccuuilcar claims but t on perlformance. r fr WILLSON < Fnlat. rSuper-Tough lenses are tough -- they l wwmill pass all sane VL tests for strength. X WILLSON PRODUCTS, Inc. READING, PENNSyLVANIA m AitiiHUi < i >o / WILLSON \ r Rat Super-Tough 1 lenses are heat treated j to a point which insures the I LL ssaafefesstt bbrreeaakl in case M a fens is bI roken. JW CLEAR -- TOUGH -- UNIFORM -- ECONOMICAL There are more than 100 Willson goggle and respirator styles--one of them better suited than any other for some particular industrial operation. Write for your copy of our new industrial safety catalog. Represented in 13 western states by E. D. Bullard Co., 275 Eighth Street, San Francisco, with conveniently located branch depots. . .1 >.* * i IA l-V Xational Safety Sows, February, 1937 i hi-- 8 M >* . t .f M..- T.( -i M.r.t * .i[i fy H'iIinTM'I i**h IThp :* I ,mt. 1*f*ti>(.)( miry :3( Sf. .1- American Cable Division, American Chain & Cable Company, Inc., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Send me-___ copies of your booklet "Safety With Wire Ropes/' NAME FIRM- ADDRESS Here is a book that is filled with constructive information about the care, maintenance and operation of wire rope. It explains why TRU-LAY Preformed wire rope is a safe rope. But far more than being an advertisement this book gives constructive information on rope strengths and working loads, how to make safe splices, how to apply safe at tachments, how to avoid crushing, destructive kinks, when to discard ropes --and much other useful information every safety engineer will want to know. Return the coupon today for your free copy of this book--prepared by the peo ple who are pioneers in the develop ment and perfection of preformed rope. AMERICAN CABLE DIVISION AMERICAN CHAIN & CABLE COMPANY, Inc. WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA District Offices: Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Denver, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Houston, San Francisco t- Vt. Y t-- TRU'IBV A A FEW OF THE 137 AMERICAN CHAIN & CABLE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AMERICAN CHAIN DIVISION {DOMINION CHAIN COMPANY, Ltd, in Canada) Weed Tire Chains Welded and Weldleu Chain Malleable Castings Railroad Specialties AMERICAN CABLE DIVISION Tru-Lay Preformed Wire Rope Tru-Loc Proc essed Fittings Crescent Brand Wire Rope Tru-Stop Brakes ANDREW C. CAMPBELL DIVISION Abrasive Cutting Machines Flotormers Special Machinery Nibbling Machines FORD CHAIN BLOCK DIVISION Chain Hoists Trolleys HIGHLAND IRON & STEEL DIVISION Wrought Iron Bars and Shapes MANLEY MANUFACTURING DIVISION Automotive Service Station Equipment OWEN SILENT SPRING COMPANY, INC. Owen Cushion and Mattress Spring Centers PAGE STEEL AND WIRE DIVISION Page Fence Wire and Rod Products Traffic Tape Welding Wire READING-PRATT & CADY DIVISION Valves Electric Steel Fittings READING STEEL CASTING DIVISION Electric Steel Castings, Rough or Machined WRIGHT MANUFACTURING DIVISION Chain Hoists Electric Hoists and Cranes ALL AMERICAN CABLE DIVISION ROPES MADE OF IMPROVED PLOW STEEL ARE IDENTIFIED BY THE SM5RAID STRAND National Safety News, February, 1937 FOR YOUR Q. LJafety Directors! Hy-Test's newest development, Saf-eze, makes available to your men a combination of softness, flexibil ity and comfort hitherto unobtainable in a Safety Shoe! In addition to a new comfort last which provides complete toe freedom, Hy-Test has incorporated into the construction of Saj-eze a new one-piece quarter. No ridge or seam here, to irritate, to cause blisters or sore spots. Instead, a smooth foot-conforming unit which "hugs" the back of the foot almost as closely as the skin of the foot itself. And Hy-Test's famous safety features have been retained in their entirety. Best known, and most highly regarded among these, is the Isco steel safety anchor flange, the highly efficient unit of toe protection that is, in the opinion of most of the industrial world, "tops" in effectiveness. Our attractively illustrated catalog, detailing the entire Hy-Test line is ready for your inspection. Drop a post card in the mail. Don't delay! Inside View of Saf-eze One-Piece Quarter Note the smooth, glove-like inside fit of the one-piece seamless quarter. No ridge or seam to cause friction, blisters or discom fort. OutsidcVlewofSaf-eze One-Piece Quarter 1. No ripping at the back ... 2. no binding or rub bing in thetendons ... 3. no rubbing in the heel. Smooth, seamless; literally "one-piece." ST. LOUIS HY-TEST SAFETY SHOES DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHOE MANUFACTURER Let's Use Our Heeds To Sevc Our Feet National Safely February, VFiT Cool, refreshing water . , . always just the right temperature for health and satisfaction Frigidaire Water Cooling Equipment wins its place on the sound, strictly business basis of greater efficiency, greater economy, more goodwill. Plenty of cool, refreshing water close at hand, and at the proper temperature --not too warm or too cold -- means employee comfort and appreciation . . . more production... fewer accidents. And Frigid aire equipment also means a tremendous saving in actual dollars and cents over oldfashioned methods. A saving so great that Frigidaire really pays for itself in a short time, and continues to earn a big investment return for years to come. Frigidaire equipment has the flexibility and capacity to meet every industrial requirement--completely, effi ciently and economically. It will pay you to get full details and first-hand information. For free survey and estimate, see your local Frigidaire Dealer, or write Frigidaire Division, General Motors Sales Corporation, Department 65-2, Dayton, Ohio. 4 National Safety ISew.February, 1937 vr.p**/"** mm ^ This it lus l rat ion shows the DVPOR No, i'i Vt S, littrenu of Mines Approved Hespirator with filter pads and newlu approved Face Cloth in pfarc. Note haw snuuiit it tits the fact and does tinf interfere with elem vision. 4, Here is an illustraM tion (hat shows the No. 2* DVPOR Respi rator with filter pad re wotted to show plate ex tr us in n s a nd the minimum amount of dead air spare, ICasp Rreathina Assuredl m:nunMrf: Against Silicosis With COVER'S DUPOR PLATE Respirator TRADEMARK REG. APPROVED BY US BUREAU of MINES No. BM2111 The DUPOR Respirator No. 24 provides needed protection against Type A or Pneumoconiosis (SILI COSIS) producing dusts. Exhaustive tests have proved its inestimable value to those who must brave the hazardous dusts characteristic in many phases of industry. :Y, A. \ 2'x i'ACL i;OlH ' To add to the comfort of every DUPOR Respirator, a Farr Uloth is used. It absorbs the* friction be tween Respirator umi Face, eliminating all sign of discomfort and possible soreness so common to most respirator wearers. So unusual in design is this Face Cloth that it too lias received U, S, Bureau of Mines Approval, as well as the approsai of users everyw here! Revolutionary, new construction has eliminated screw cap lids for filter apertures. Making possible easy passage of air to protected opening and then to in terior of respirator. Safety of construction is the main feature with marginal edge uf filter plate curved inwardly forming a secure anchor for filter pads, presenting all leak age, Construction is such that filter pails can be <iulekl\ rvtimvnl for replacement or cleaning. Pads measure IV, inches in diameter giving a clear entrance 111 ter aperture of over 21 square inches. H. :b- Bi.; t>v; .. ieo a.i-i*hs tor .tuhistrM \nprvu.B. t. Large Filler Area, securing (a) Easy Breathing ib) High FINciency. a COMFORT, Light Weight. only 1 ounces (without pads), u Lund, dear unobstructed vision. Compact Easily ills the packet Audibility and Drainage, ; Practically no dead air space, - Low cost--tong life. The price of the DUPOR Respirator N'o. 21 complete with two extra filter pads is $27,00 per dozen, Itnsic Patent So, 2X'0f).O>li, Detail Patetifs Pending and Alloweif, Latest Patent Oranted Dee. 22, HKiii, So, 2.0fV,;i0,i, MANUFACTURED ONLY BY H CHIPPEWA-A, SOUTH BEND, IND.t U. S. A. ye;e MAIL COUPON TODAY! 5 TL S, COYKIt, South lleiid, Indiana \ Dear Sir: S AMPLE OPFFR COUPON l ; *; H Please rush me your H.VMPLK OFFFR (postpaid!, I enclose 2,25 to cover cost. ! . Ll Please rush me one du/<u DUPOR Respirators No. 2L for winch l enclose cheek for $27.00. V t V.IUM- . . ............................................................ .. , . < KV, ,. :., ................................... .. . . . . ............... : ... . ........................... .bU-iU' Motional Safety .Yeust February, PU? s CARMAN T. FISH Editor C. F. SCHEER Associate Editor STANLEY H. KERSHAW Poster Editor C. H. MILLER Advertising Manager CONTENTS FEBRUARY, 1937 The Greatest Reward---G. F. Swift .......................................................... 11 How Flaws Occur in Metal Structures'--Francis F. Lucas ....... .12 It's Their Safety Manual--George F. Prussing................. .. 14 How Sound Are Your Trees?--Merton Henry .............. 16 Was 1936 "Just Another Year"?.. William If. Cameron....................17 Weak Spots in the Safety Program--,/. F. Kolb .....................................19 Safer Blasting Practices---S. P. Howell and B. L. Lubelsky . ,........21 Hazard Underfoot---John R. Byerly .............................................. .23 Campaign Focuses on Drivers' License Laws ................. .25 Home Hazards Avoided in Housing Project--Guy D. Mayger . ... .26 Taming the Embossing Press .......................................................................27 Conserving Eyesight--Farrest F. Slyfield. M.D................................ .. . 36 Antimony and Its Compounds--Industrial Data Sheet D. Client. 22, . 40 More Cleveland Plants in 1936 Safety Contest .................................. 52 The Value of a Safety Council--John J. Toohey. Jr. ........................... 66 REGULAR DEPARTMENTS Editorial 9 rile Managing Director's Page .... 10 The Safety Exchange ........... 28 Safety Instruction Cards .........30 Industrial Health ........................ ...36 The Bulletin Board............. .. 12 The Safety Library .................... .54 Coining Events ................................... 61 Personals .............................................. 62 The Honor Roll ................................. 68 With the Manufacturer ...................76 The Accident Barometer ................ 82 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. Offlee (if the Education Division, 1 Park Avc,, New York City CupvrUri't ivBruarv 1`<`37 ty National Safety C-juncii. Inc. Primed in 1. A. GoD-roi ss ^-eohd-el*s matte* tune 1 HiSi, at M>** IV,st Orlire at Ciiicaito, TIL, under Mi act f Mmit 3, Additional entry at St. Joseph. Atlrti. ,, The price to members for e*!r* subscription# to the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS It $4.00 per yew. Smgic ...pies 46 cfois Kedurfd quantity price* for yearly #uo- *wnt*Uotis ti<i single copies on request. Subscription# W available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau >f Circulation. This magazine is indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. Statements and opinions advanced in uuJnidual expression* of their authors, singontedthoasrteicleosf are the National Safety Council. Kt.sflO oopIoN of t his Ihhuo wore printed. 6 "TABLOID i I t ' ! \ [ f FIRST-AID m I i i I i i I THE OUTSTANDING PROTECTIVE VALUE... / / of `TABLOID' FIRST-AID to the factory worker is reflected in the selection of this famous equipment by leading industrial organizations everywhere. ffi `TABLOID' FIRST-AID presents scientifically de veloped, modern equipment designed to meet a variety of industrial needs. Efficient, reliable and easily-applied, these products are indispensable protective requisites. BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. u,nscA) 9 & 11 East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses; London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan Yntiorui/ Safety .Veits, February, 1937 '4 "'TABLOID' FIRST-AID No. 754 13? i x 12 x 2H inches Designed for use as a wall-case for work shops and factories N. 8. X. 2 Please send me descriptive literature re garding `Tabloid' First-Aid. Firm Name_________ ________ Add ress.................................. ...................... Individual's Name Official Capacity ........... ..... 7 Xt is significant that thousands of the eve injuries which Industry pays for every year, occur at jobs that, too frequently, are not con sidered to be eye hazardous. Increased machine speeds, faster cutting feeds and the use of harder steels have created hazards on many machines that have been previously regarded as safe to operate without goggles. Dig into your eye-accident cost records. Then ask the American Optical Company industrial representative in the vgaSwfi;,:;. branch office near you to call and discuss an eye-safety program best, suited to the needs of your plant. Or write for the catalog that illustrates and describes the complete line of AO Eve Protection Equipment, -- goggles that have been developed to protect against every known industrial eye hazard. 'v `u f - m G!.>if is r coo! m. ,a t><< Mho/ i-v/w./ipi / \'it H/rJ'-ufi <n<l pieces permit juH iisi< , pt`>iiWT. note pads are s^'f-adjusttn^ , . '.uru S.tfp4,f Annoyp!ute Leaves Imie far //cji strength tkm most standard kme !/#> American Optical Company m Manufacturers, for more chart 100 vears, of products to aid and preserve vision. Factories at Smthhrhiuci Massachusetts, In Canada, Consolidated Optical Co,, I.td. Branch offices in afl principal irt^fustrial centers. 344l> National Safety News, February, l Published by National Safety Council, Inc. FEBRUARY 1937 The Honor Roll EACH month the National Safety News publishes a list of industrial units which have operated for long periods of time without a disabling injury to em ployees. All members of the National Safety Council are invited to send in the details of their records for publica tion in the Honor Roll. Reasonable minimum standards have been established --400,000 man-hours or 300 working days, regardless of the total exposure. This permits recognition for the small plant or department whose operation would require sev eral years to accumulate a total of 400,000 man-hours exposure. A "disabling injury" (formerly a lost-time accident) is one involving loss of time beyond the day or shift in which the employee is injured. If the employee returns to work the following day, the injury is-not counted in the record. Some companies prefer to compile their records accord ing to compensable (seven day) injuries. Records kept on this basis are not acceptable for the Honor Roll. Recently a photograph of a bulletin board submitted by one of our members was shown in the Safety Exchange department of the News. The display contained a report of the number of days operated without a seven-day in jury. This item, of course, was merely an incidental item in an attractive display and the picture was published without any intention of giving publicity to the record. However, one of the members who examined the picture closely wanted to know whether the seven-day injury had been accepted as the basis of measuring accident preven tion accomplishment. The standard definition of a dis abling injury is still used. While many records of several million man-hours with out injury have been reported in recent years, there is still glory for the small plant that celebrates a no accident year. Perfection OUR search for perfection in a far from perfect world continues undiscouraged. One of our present prob lems is to find photographs showing ingenious safeguards or exemplary housekeeping that do not have some glaring hazard lurking in the background. Photographs that will pass the scrutiny of microscopic eyes are never plentiful. A milk bottle on top of a locker in an otherwise faultless Inrkcr room shattered the prestige of the News in the eyes of one foreman. He called the safety director's attention to the offending photograph. The safety man lied gener ously on our behalf, explaining that this example of poor housekeeping had been left there to test the readers' powers of observation. Another picture in a recent issue showed a room whose freshly painted walls and excellent illumination were a de light to the eye. But it did not get past one indignant reader. There was a crack in a glass table top. In the half tone reproduction it appeared to be a slight scratch on the engraving. But an examination of the original photo graph showed that the anonymous critic was right. The degree of hazard was open to argument but it was never theless a blemish. There are methods of conserving the good in a photog.-aph and removing the undesirable. A substandard con dition in one corner can be removed by cropping the photograph. An experienced retoucher can make ap proved guards grow on any machine, and the engraver's air brush can blot out objectionable background and im prove the housekeeping generally. Thousands of readers of the National Safety News have trained their eyes on find-the-hazard contests. It is a desirable condition when workmen and foremen, as well as safety men, are constantly on the lookout for things that shouldn't be. Criticism is a wholesome corrective and we hope that our readers will not pull their punches. In This Issue A SAVING of $1,750,000 effected through twelve years of accident prevention work would hardly seem to require any additional benefits to justify the effort. But to the management of Swift & Co. the savings to employees and their families were even more important. Sometimes we wonder whether the companies reporting cash savings would have made them had safety work not been dominated by a humane motive. (Page 11). If the safety manual prepared by the Union Oil Com pany had been discarded as soon as it was printed, the work of compilation would still have been worth while. Several hundred men took part in the preparation and the extra thought given to safe practices was decidedly beneficial to ihe whole organization. (Page 14). Substandard policies, methods and equipment under mine the safety program. Here are some thoughts for those who are trying to strengthen the weak spots in the safely program. (Page 19). National Safety News, February, 1937 9 MANAGING DIRECTOR'S PAGE Safety's Awards of Honor AWARDS for safety achievement are a powerful aid in reducing the frequency of accidents. Contests ^ keep safety interest alive; they have done much for the Safety Movement. But these good results must be safeguarded by developing a better understanding of the merit idea back of the award and by a better directed system of contests. There are divers awards, but many are not well earned. There is too oTten a large element of luck in the record. For example, a half-sick worker may need only a good bump to put him in the hospital for weeks. On the other hand. I remember one hardy worker with such fortitude that when he had a couple of fingers cut oft, he merely wrapped up the stumps and kept right on working; he never lost a day. With many'cases such as these, it is no wonder that the doctor, the claim agent and the safety director are often at loggerheads over the counting of certain dis abilities as accidents. The desire to win a prize may even be put before the true interest of the worker and a square deal for everybody. Therefore, many employers and safety men despair of securing an equitable definition of a "chargeable accident" and, even more, a uniform interpretation of such a defini tion, This situation must be cleared up. If safety records might be compared solely upon number of fatalities due to accidents, the problem of definition would be relatively easy; but deaths form too small a percentage of the total casualties to provide a just basis of comparison. When non-fatal injuries are taken into account, the problem is greatly complicated. An independent and impartial tribunal should judge the chargeability of each injury and the time losses to be assessed. Their viewpoint should be one of applying the uniform definitions to the case at hand, without regard to contest standing or any other influence. Probably the most competent tribunal would include the doctor and a committee representing the management, the foreman and the worker. The decision should take into consideration the extent of the injury, and the length of time the worker was away from the job or task for which he was hired. Just as an individual company in a contest should take every precaution to insure the accuracy of its own records, so the idea! set-up would be that any organization con ducting an inter-company contest should audit the records of the competing units. The procedure of such tribunals in determining contest standings will never be as accurate as the photo-electric ceil in determining the winner of a close race, yet we must work toward that end. There is no phase of the accident prevention job where over-anxietv to win and positive "chiseling" so destroy the whole object and effectiveness of effort as false records in a safety contest. Wise employers know that accidents can be controlled only through safeguarding, housekeeping, adequate supervision, instruction and proper tools. The 10 safety contest is just one method of getting everybody to cooperate in carrying out these fundamental things in stopping accidents. When rightly conducted, a safety con test puts a zest and a . neyv element of pleasure into what some workers might otherwise consider merely the com mon routine of work, it emphasizes the individual part that everyr man has in safety achievement, and as a re sult the plant accident record can be brought to a mini mum and kept there. Don't let the possibility of a safety award cheat you, or cheat your conscience, or cheat your employer, or cheat your workers. Make your records as true a picture of your accident experience as the most independent judges could wish them. Prizes are merely symbols; your accident record is the thing that really counts. A safety award is a certificate of progress, and its possession indicates the ability for still greater achievement. But, no accidents and no injuries must be your objective. Then your great est possible reward will not be a medal or plaque for win ning a contest but rather the knowledge that every' em ployee in your plant leaves his task in safety at the close of each working day. INTERESTING ITEMS The campaign for Uniform Drivers' License and Traffic Laws is now in full swing in most of the 48 states. Our field men are giving a large part of their attention to this big job. Here are a few high spots of the volume of services to mem bers that went out from Council headquarters during 1936: 4,238,700 Safety Posters 281 different miscellaneous circulars, leaflets. Safe Practices Pamphlets, booklets, etc. 2.550.000 mimeographed sheets (2,050 different jobs) 2.220.000 copies of The Safe Iforker and The Safe Driver 162.000 copies of the National Safety News 140.000 copies of Public Safety 84.000 copies of The Industrial Supervisor 70 tons of publications and materials shipped by express Comments on the new presentation of safety posters inaugu rated in this issue of the /Veils are invited. How do you like the three-color posters reproduced in their original colors? By using more pages and fewer posters per page the appearance of the display is greatly improved and, we feel, the selection of posters made easier. Is the improved service worth the addi tional expenditure? The Council's pamphlet, "Saving Lives Through a Drivers' License Law," of which some 20,000 copies were distributed, has been supplemented by two special leaflets. "The Drivers' License Law--a Protection for Rural Areas," explains the value of such laws to farmers and residents of smaller communities. "Campaigning for Drivers' License Laws--Women's Part in the Program" will be distributed by the General Federation of Women's Clubs. National Safety News, February, 1937 Even more important than the impressive cost reduc tion is the inestimable saving to the employee and his family emarkable progress has R been made within the iast 25 years in the field of indus trial safety. When I glance through some of the booklets we published in 1911 and 1912, I recall the disbelief --and in some cases open opposition ---to our pioneer efforts. There was no doubt then that we should do our work with as much safety as passible, but would a costly (but not expen sive) coordinated program be justi fied by the results? History has removed all such doubts. Statistics compiled by the National Safety Council, as well as our own records, prove that Safety work pays all the time, and it pays large dividends. It is impossible to National Safety News, February, 1937 give an accurate estimate of all the lives and limbs saved, all the sorrow and suffering averted, but we do know that in our own plants the num ber of accidents has been reduced 47 percent over the short span of the last 12 years. We have estimated conservatively that savings in compensation, medi cal expense, and operating delays to taled more than $1,750,000 for this period. This figure omits the greatest reward which, though unvalued, cannot'be ignored. I refer to the inestim able saving to the employee and his family. Here, we believe, is the heart of the entire program--doing all we can by suggestion, education, and protection, to save the employee from unneces sary' and preventable accidents. On this foundation of mutual interest is built cooperation and success. It is industry's responsibility to its mem bers. Does our interest stop when the worker leaves the plant? We think not. The loss is just as great to the employee, and nearly as great to his employer, if the accident occurs away from his place of business. It is in the worker's interest, and our own, to extend the safety program to the street and to the highway. Accord ingly, a campaign for the prevention of automobile accidents was started in our organization in September, 1935. Although it is too early to judge the effectiveness of our safe driving campaign, we believe that it is of great value. Perhaps industry- has a third re sponsibility--to champion safety in the home. It is an untried field, and certainly a large one according to ac cident statistics. With no desire to invade the sanctity of the home, this problem nevertheless should be given earnest and careful thought. May I commend the National Safety Council in organizing, aiding, and abetting the efforts of an entire nation to place a higher value on hu man life and happiness. 11 Member Technical Staff and Head of Microscopic Laboratories, Hell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Sen* York City occur in IRCTRL STRUCTURES C^RAt'KS in metal bring to mind fatigue phenomena as ' the cause, if one arrived at this possible conclusion, he would not be far wrung. To review briefly some of the ideas now commonly held on the subject by metallurgists and en gineers may refresh the memory. Ft may be an aid to a better under standing of the new subject of in ternal stress raisers and their influ ence on the propagation and trend of fatigue cracks. it is asserted by competent author ities that a very high percentage of metal failures occurring in service are of the type denoted as fatigue fail ures. All fast moving mechanisms whose loads are either intermittent or reversed cycles of stress may develop fatigue type failures. Literally thousands of things in every day use. from a giant ocean liner to the hair spring of a delicate watch, may be subject to fatigue type failures. The advent of the railroad seems to have been responsible for stimulat ing thought on the subject of the fa tigue of metals tinder repeated stress. 12 National Safety News, February, 1931 A. German engineer prevailed upon Prussian State Railways to undertake such an investigation, and his results have become a classic. His repeated stress tests were reported in the Lon don publication Engineering for 1871. The fracture resulting from re peated stress is a brittle, jagged-ap pearing one, so that at first engineers and investigators concluded that the fibre of the metal underwent some change. Often the fractured surface appears bright and shining as though composed of large crystals. Observ ers of these fractures inferred that a change had occurred in the metai and from the appearance to the eye the theory seems to have developed that the metal had crystallized and hence had failed. No one seems to have advanced any good reason why a crystallized metal should be weaker and more susceptible to cracking than a non crystalline one, assuming such ex isted. But the crystallization theory persisted, and it took almost two de cades and much microscopy to dispel the delusion. Even today echoes of this old crystallization theory may be heard from engineers. As a matter of fact, metals are in herently crystalline. The crystals at times may be large and cqui-axed or they may be very much distorted by cold work so that they look like fibres, but regardless of how metals are worked or how heat treated, they are still aggregates of crystals and their inner hidden symmetry is crystalline. Muscles under repeated use tire or fatigue, and when the old crystalline theory held, it also assumed a gradual change in the structure of metals an alogous to the tiring of a muscle. Hence the name "fatigue of metals." It would be better to call these fail ures progressive failures. They seem to have little or nothing in common with the term fatigue. There Ls much yet to be learned on the subject. For example, practically nothing is known about the very early stages of a fatigue failure, nor can one tell when such a failure is about to develop. So far little change has been discovered in the appearance of the metal at the fatigue crack. There is a zone adjacent to fatigue cracks which appears slightly "worked" un der the high powers of the micro scope, but we have no strong assur ance that this state may not be the result of some secondary cause. If a suitably prepared specimen is placed in a tensile machine and a load gradually applied, stress and strain are proportional within the elastic limit in accordance with Hooke's law. If the load is increased beyond the elastic limit of the metal, the law of proportionality no longer holds. The metal deforms: it elongates, necks down, and gradually the test piece is pulled in two with further in crease in load. The reduction in area of the test specimen and its percent elongation are measures of ductility. 'The tensile strength or load required to fracture the specimen is the measure of the ultimate strength. By this method of testing, the crystalline structure of the metal is very much distorted. This sort of test does not determine the behavior of the metal with re spect to fatigue, because the way in which the metal is formed, machined and otherwise fabricated into a given part may have a more important bearing on fatigue and endurance properties of the metal than its physi cal characteristics. The unfavorable conditions introduced by fabrication are called "stress raisers," because they result during use of the part in a localized high concentration of stress. Fatigue cracks have a starting point, and where they start we are usually able to say that for some rea son a concentration of stress occurred. The particular condition which re sulted in a concentration of stress is called a stress raiser. For a number of years metallurg ists have been investigating the ef fects of different kinds of stress raisers, and they have published much valuable data which would en able engineers and designers of ma chine equipment to avoid pitfalls which to the metallurgist are perfect ly obvious. The metallurgist knows, for example, that if a keyway with a sharp corner is cut in a shaft, a stress raiser of major importance has been introduced, and sooner or later the shaft may develop a crack at a sharp corner of the keyway. Sharp corners, abrupt changes in cross section, holes, notches, screw (Please turn to page 60) Ca.*l iron at 1,000 diameters magnifica tion. Fatigue crack has developed from a small irregularity in the wall of a graph ite flake. The crack progressed by way of the graphite flake opposite the crack. Tool steel at 3,500 diameters magnifica tion. When water quenched to develop hardness tool steel undergoes a volume change and small quenching cracks may develop. Cast iron at 4,000 diameters magnifica tion. Fatigue crack has developed from a small irregularity in the wall of a graph ite flake. National Safety News, February, 193? 13 It's Their SAFETY MANUAL By GEORGE F. PRUSSING Safety Engineer, Union Oil Company of California Men of all ranks aided in the prepara tion of this guide to safe operation THE great value of a safety manual comes from its mak ing, rather than its use. As an example I offer the experience gained in the development of "Tanker Safe ty," a pictorial manual of safe oper ations on oil tankers. From inception to completion in printed form, this was a 14-month project, employing nearly 500 sea men, licensed officers and shore super visors. When the idea was sanctioned by the management, it was passed to the masters of a dozen tankers for comment and amplification of its preliminary outline of subjects. "What would you want to put into 14 a manual if you had time to write one yourself?" was the question asked. For weeks the list grew as ship after ship sent in its comment. Then came the culling out. to re tain only the more important sub jects. We said to the ships' masters, "We propose to show by pictures the right and wrong way of doing those routine jobs that have repeatedly caused injuries. We may also want to break down into elements some com plex jobs to show by pictures the right steps to take." More weeks passed, and finally an outline was completed. So far only the supervisors and ships' masters were in the project. Now it became necessary to go to the ships' safety committees, com prising masters and licensed officers, for details on each subject. "What, for example, is the best way to cast a heaving line, or parcel a hawser, or feel an engine bearing, or, for that matter, to slice an onion?" At this point argument started and correspondence failed as a medium of exchange. Some one had to record the varying ideas of these men and make possible an interchange by means of photos. For this work a trained safety engineer, skilled in photography, was selected. He had never been to sea professionally but National Safety Neivs, February, 193" was quite familiar with general petro leum safety practices. Armed with camera, lighting equip ment and a sheaf of letters from ships' committees, he set out on his travels up and down the Pacific coast. None of his trips was long but on each vessel he worked out a series of posed pictures to be taken at the first port, where quiet waters made photo graphy possible. Then a jump to an other vessel and another series of pictures. At the end of several months each item of the scripts has been photographed and these pictures in turn had been passed back and forth between ships for comment and selec tion. _ It was an interesting revelation to many of the tanker officers that they had never actually planned the se quence of acts involved in the rou tine performance of a job. Many were unable to tell how they would do a certain piece of work because they had never thought of it in de tail but merely as an accomplished fact. The seamen who posed for nearly all of the pictures were green on the job as the result of a recent strike. Many of them gained their first explicit instruction in the per formance of their routine jobs while rehearsing for the manual pictures. It is part of our regular program of safety to give each ship's master a monthly letter of three pages. The first page is a personal discussion of his job as a supervisor. It deals di rectly with his conduct of safety meetinp of officers. During the progress of the manual this page was used for the discussion of ideas pro posed or criticized by ships' masters and officers. The tone of this page of the letter is always frankly confi dential--dealing with the ships' mas ters as a part of the management. The second page is a detailed out line for the current month's safety meeting. Here is inserted enough ma terial to elicit a free flow of discus sion. Added subjects of discussion coming spontaneously from the group are easily fitted into such an outline because the topics are specific and provocative. During the making of the manual the questions raised lent themselves to group analysis by this method. Since the completion of the manual, the discussion has tended more toward methods of standardiz ing operations than toward the opera tions themselves. The weakest link in the tanker routine has proved to be the instruc tion of the unlicensed personnel by the officers. Interest in that subject, which had been created by the mak ing of the manual, has been main tained through the medium of the monthly outlines. The third and last page of the monthly letter is a report form asking certain pertinent questions about the work of personnel instruction, about new ideas or methods and about "gripes" or criticisms. This page is filled out in pencil by the master and goes back to the marine department office. Each one is acknowledged per sonally. For a year the making of the tanker manual was a project in safety for nearly 500 men. Once completed it became a text for constant review through the medium of the monthly safety meetings. Its cost was written off as part of the year's safety budget --a small expense when compared with the number of men served and the high average cost of marine in juries. National Safety News, February, 15 .. - f tfWSp*** V>- * 'vf _ i- shedding .a* v6ugiF'cdJat#i hen /&nfmuer'ff$$ijg, ''ensuring ..y'l^jid ancjystdrms foiymii^years!?' ,vc'Howlver, the fuftguSl%$*i,ch j|t? tack^|/_tJje.jete'^j,d it^tS'showed that4i|cBa|fein Wealjl ^Wed by decay all the way' across"f?t>m pinner bark to inner bftfh, heajtwood ` and sapwood indiscriminately.'<%boiit an inch of sound wood was left on the west `side of the trunk, and conse quently the tree fell in that direction. The discolored wood, black lines of 7'B'V MERTON HENRY jl RTHU R Denis Carin Le Sueu|4.t 5 known.trees entirely hollow may ljL the English arboriculturist stand -and...grow for a century. X has said that the elm, in .di . y\ tree|is made hollow by the ac probability, has caused more personal., tivity of 5a fungus plant which eon- injury and property damage than anfv . iumes th<heartwood without damag- other tree, Large branches havsi . been known to drop from elm treesYy' without warning, even in still air, and >|- the elm trees that have fallen on per-?fv sons or buildings run into hundredfec The 70-foot, elm shown in the '? photographs stood until recently in. ? the Fieldston section of New York \ City. Previously it. had appeared to he in good health with luxuriant fol iage and snug, uninjured bark. The only signs of trouble were a healed over frost crack, a trifling injury, and a small basal cavity one foot wide, two feet high, and four inches deep in a trunk 30 inches in diameter,; The cavity was on the side away from the sidewalk and so would not have been noticed by pcopie passing. Deeav within the trunk. The di-rnlored wood, blark Hues of decay, and insect borings ate (dearly visible. The small callous roll formed in the diort frost crack may be seen at the left. The sound wood is above it and slightly to the right. There was no fungus growth showing on the bark. The tree did not have Dutch elm disease nor was it hollow. Yet it snapped off five feet from the ground in a moderate wind while, ns is well mg the shell of sapwood around it. By the tune the hollowing is com pleted the tree has often reduced the stress on its now weakened trunk by Id This basal cavity aroused no suspicion of decay within the trunk. decay, and insect borings are clearly visible in the photograph. The wood was not decayed above seven feet from the ground. The condition of this tree could not have been determined by inspection of the crown foliage, or bark, or even of the cavity, the edges of which were well covered by a thick callous mil. However, the true condition could have been determined by bor ings in the trunk and by comparing the tree's behavior in a wind with the behavior of normal trees in the same region or as tabulated by arbori culturists. This tree happened to be'an eim. but decay is1 not confined to elm's. National Safety News, February, 1937 Was 1936 "Just Another Year?" The Annual Report of the Managing Director, National Safety Council By WILLIAM H. CAMERON A UTOBIOGRAPHY is the story /A of a life as the author sees L. \ it. This personal record is tremendously significant to the writer of the book, but it is peculiarly his point of view. Any one of a thou sand students of the safety movement might give an interpretation of the 1936 record that differed from mine. But I do believe that even the casual observer would agree that there was never more activity or honest en deavor to conquer this complicated problem of accidents than in the year just closed. 19,36 was significant for the grow ing interest in general or public safe ty. Accidents of all kinds stirred the temper of people; "they can and must be stopped" was the attitude of the public press and of every public and welfare agency. Moreover, there was more interest and controversy in 1936 about what must be done to stop acci dents than in other years. There was more argument about speed and speed control than in any year since the advent of the automobile. More discussion developed on other factors in traffic accidents such as drunken driving, vehicular defects and high way deficiencies. In the other fields, too, public inter est in safety expressed itself in no un certain terms. A series of aviation accidents at the close of the year dem onstrated the need for continued con centration on air safety. There was much new legislation in 1936 relat ing to accidents of different types, their correction and compensation. Perhaps it could be said that in 193S there was an emotional surge at the horror of the accident situation. In 1936 there was a new feeling, 1 believe, expressed something like this: 'Tf we can only decide on the pattern for controlling accident situations we won't need to bother so much about the record. If we know how accidents happen and remove the causes we will certainly have fewer accidents." To say that many thousands of em ployers and employees have main tained their safety activities in a re markable degree, that our states, cities and towns have taken an in creasing interest in street and high way, school and home safety, is to repeat an old story. The National Safety Council's greatest concern is whether it can maintain at white heat enough interest in remedies to insure higher standards of protection for all human beings. The recorded deaths and injuries in 1936 do not show an over-all pic ture of widespread reductions. The upswing of business and the accom panying advance in travel made it un usually difficult to achieve net acci dent reductions. It is tremendously important to note, however, that in industrial, street and highway, school and other types of accidents, the or ganizations which are doing the vvell- I have an abiding faith in men. and the older I grow the greater is that faith. I believe most men want to do what is right when they know what right is. and that when they do wrong it is more apt to be because of their ignorance on that particular subject than because of any deliberate or wilful wish to do that which is wrong. --Isaiah Hale. Safety Super intendent, Santa Fc System. rounded, the continuous safety jobs are proving that it is possible to re duce accidents to a minimum. It be came clearer in 1936 that accidents will never be controlled until we have a systematic method of approach. Haphazard safety is about to be rec ognized as no safety at all. 1936 certainly topped the previous activities of industrialists to stop ac cidents to workers inside and outside of the plant. The business men of the country are enlarging their safety programs; they are realizing more and more that a trained and val uable worker is worth protecting in his home and on the streets and highways as well as in the plant. Many intelligent employers are con ducting employee-driver safety cam paigns and are encouraging their workers and their families to observe the rules of safety twenty-four hours a day. Our By-Laws provide that this re port to members shall make detailed reference to the Council's activities and accomplishments during the year. 1. As in other years. I do not hesi tate to say that a really significant accomplishment in 1936 was the maintenance of interest and activities among the thousands of members of the National Safety Council. We gratefully acknowledge the achieve ments of hundreds of organizations which have, among their own mem bers and through cooperation with others, contributed to the advance ment of the safety movement. This report could be filled with a list of the cooperative activities by national, state and local governmental depart ments, insurance companies, trans portation companies, and others. The support of the National Congress in New Jersey, the Greater New York National Safety News, February, 1937 1 Safety Conference, the many other regional conferences throughout the country, and the thousands of meet ings conducted by community safety councils, indicate that this search for the pattern and the sound method of accident prevention must be based on an interchange of experiences, as well as on legal compulsion supported by public opinion. Social welfare institu tions do not recover from depression as quickly as some kinds of business, but 1936 showed a considerable ad vance in safety interest, and in money spent on accident prevention every where. 2. Every Council activity benefits American industry directly or indi rectly. Therefore, from an industrial standpoint, it may be well to empha size the increasing value of the im proved National Safety News; the increased circulation of the Safe Worker; the new annual combined industrial News - Letters, together with the regular monthly issues: the Safety Calendar; the 63 types of safe ty posters distributed each month; the new and revised Safe Practices Pamphlets; the much improved and expanded annual report known as "Accident Facts." and the separate statistical study for 30 major indus tries. Six national trade safety con tests, as well as the Employees' Steam Railroad Contest, visualized by the "Green Book." were carried through successfully. Altogether, 150 trophies and 60 certificates were awarded to the winners of these contests, and hundreds of medals were presented to persons saving lives through the prone pressure method of resuscita tion. The industrial safety and health consultation services, and pub licity through the national news paper and magazine press, were main tained t.o the limit of the Council's resources and much time given to technical research, and the publica tion of results. The usual cooperation was given to the American Standards Association, to trade associations, en gineering schools and colleges, to the federal and state governmental de partments, and many others. 3. The record of progress extended in other directions. Our "Safety In struction Cards"--so important in the technique of industrial safety-- were distributed in tens of thousands of copies; safety engineers and others were provided a new pamphlet on "Speaking for Safety;" one of the Council's safety engineers visited and Safety's Royal Patron THE safety movement in Great Britain is honored by royal rec of its meetings. Since his ascension to the throne he has retained his con ognition, King George VI being pa nection with the Association. tron of the National Safety First in the above photograph (taken Association. While Duke of York, while he was still Duke of York) the the king became keenly interested in King is stopping to visit with a young the work of the Association and as patient while on an inspection trip royal patron he participated in many through a London hospital. prepared analytical reports on four teen Federal Prisons. 4. The increasing interest of the public in safety has helped to bring the resources of the newspapers and magazines to our aid. An entirely new service for newspapers was pre pared at great expense and has been used during the year by more than 1,200 papers. More extensive use of our information by the wire news ser vices and closer contact with leading editorial writers throughout the coun try indicated a strengthening of our position as well as a growing sense of public interest in accident prevention. 5. Because street and highway acci dents constitute our most difficult general or public accident problem to day. the Council gave more of its time and spent more money on its re sponsibilities in this field than in any previous year. Through a grant of the Automobile Manufacturers Asso ciation and corrollary business inter ests the budget of the Council was considerably increased--making it possible to employ eight field repre sentatives to organize safety councils, to cooperate in the public safety program generally, and to assist in various state activities for drivers' license law legislation. All of the gen era! services for public safety estab lished over years of trial and experi ment were maintained, including the enlargement and expansion of the Council's monthly magazine. Public Safety. Research and promotional literature were distributed generously on state drivers' license laws; essen tial statistics were prepared for use in many campaigns; the commercial fleet contests were promoted through hundreds of company members; the Fifth Annual Inter-City and Inter State National Traffic Safety Contest was carried on even more vigorously than previous competitions, and the recipients of prizes in the Fourth Contest participated in a luncheon meeting in New York which brought (Please turn to page 64) 18 National Safety News, February, 193 Weak Spots in the Safety Program By J. F. KOLB Director. Department of Industrial Relations, National Metal Trades Association, Chicago Defects in company policies, practices, equipment and personnel must be corrected before safety work can be effective. Here are a few common causes of failure THE company which is in earn est about reducing accidents must base its safety program on a comprehensive study of com pany policies, practices, equipment and personnel. Some of these factors may require adjustment to conform to desirable standards. Safety programs have been known to fail because company policies were: 1. Inadequate and perhaps treated as matters of expediency. 2. Confusing to line or staff officers because authority and responsibility were not definitely allocated. 3. Not transmitted to employees in easily understand language. Perhaps a subordinate officer who is interested in enlarging his sphere of influence, hoping to attract the at tention of his superiors, has been per mitted to work unassisted in develop ing the safety program. In many such cases lack of preparation has prevented a man from understanding the methods and objectives of indus trial accident prevention. Further, uncertainty of position and official cooperation and also foreman reprisal have seriously retarded many programs. The effectiveness of a safety program is in direct proportion to the interest, support, and leadership of the plant management. Therefore, the manager in cooperation with his staff should develop policies and oper ating plans that conform to standard practice. Their administration should be delegated to competent personnel. The policies and plans should in dicate the extent of the program, allocate responsibility and define authority. The personnel should be impressed with the importance of safety service to the company and to each employee. Employees often disregard safety rules because the orders have been passed on to them in a disparaging manner. The impression conveyed is that they can ignore these rules with impunity as far as their immediate su perior is concerned. Occasionally clashes have occurred between pro duction foremen, maintenance fore men and the safety director when the machine or the mechanical safeguard ing was out of order or the operating practice was unsafe. In some cases undue interest in maximum production has caused foremen to remove guards deliber ately or permit employees to do so. In other cases they have ordered em ployees to operate machines which were known to be dangerously defec tive. Sometimes those in charge of safety, under pressure from certain plant officials, have permitted the operation of hazardous equipment until the results of neglect or insub ordination were brought home to the management by a severe accident. If employees are permitted or en couraged to discard protective devices where the hazard seems slight, they will probably go a step farther and carry the neglect into more hazardous fields--until a major accident occurs. Regardless of the amount of re sponsibility reserved to the manager, the company's line and staff organiza tions should be fully instructed re garding their duties. Periodically some major official should check up on their performance to be certain that their efforts are properly coordi nated and producing anticipated re sults. Since the line organization is large ly responsible for action, and the staff organization for gathering informa tion and assisting the line in dissemi nating it, we can easily determine any officer's function and responsibility in the safety program. The c-alue of the contacts established and main tained by the line and staff officers in this field will be measurable in terms of red or black accounting and of em ployee satisfaction or discontent. The information prepared by the staff should be transmitted unim paired by the line officers so that em ployees will accept it in the right man ner and make the best possible use of it. When inadequate guarding or de fective equipment is reported, the line officers should cooperate fully in National Safely Metes, February, 1937 Foremen sometimes hesitate to instruct journeymen, fearing that such instruction may be resented. guarding or rehabilitating the equip ment before using it again. They should also insist on the correct use of such equipment. Further, good management - em ployee relations help in locating and correcting hazards before men or equipment are damaged. Where ef fort is properly coordinated employ ees will be so conscious of the need for safety that they will refuse to operate unsafe equipment or take hazardous short cuts in operation. And an enlightened management will not expect employees to take unneces sary risks. The increasing mechanization of industry and the employment of large numbers of men of limited train ing and experience has multiplied in dustrial hazards. Although some of our newer machine tools are effec tively guarded, much of the older equipment is still in use and there is much more mechanical equipment generally. It is evident that our safe ty activities will have to be intensi fied if we are to reduce our accident ratios or even keep them at the pres ent level. Regular and rigorous inspection of equipment will uncover many hazards that can be corrected by mechanical treatment. In many cases these re ports can be reinforced by periodic analyses of plant experience, includ ing workmen's compensation and other cases classified as to type, cause, place of occurrence, loss of time, severity, and recurrence. Some times a combination of these studies will indicate that the guarding is sub 1 standard. Such reports may not in dicate the solution, but they will at least direct attention to a problem that must be solved. Management should take the ini tiative in promoting these studies. It is not enough to depend upon the re ports of the insurance and state in spectors. Too many accident prevention programs depend on the fear appeal rather than on scientific job training. Perhaps we will never be able to dis pense with the fear factor, but its use can be reduced by giving each em ployee thorough instruction and ade quate supervision. Foremen should receive special in struction regarding the supervision of operators of hazardous equipment. Foremen in turn should take every possible precaution in supervising such employees to make sure that Undue interest in maximum production has caused foremen to remove guards deliberately or encourage employees to do so. protective devices are used, even when they are needed for only a few minutes. There is an even larger field for the foreman in instructing workers in correct operating methods. The most effective fundamental safeguard is training the employee so that he will do the right thing in the right way at the right time. This edu cational program should include fore men, journeymen, specialists and ap prentices. It should be based on the best standards of performance to ob tain maximum production with a minimum expenditure of energy and the minimum accident hazard. The first step should be a more thorough training of foremen in teaching methods. Few foremen un derstand the fundamentals of teach ing. In many cases they do not un derstand learning difficulty, the selec tion and organization of subject mat ter, preparation and presentation, nor the methods of testing performance. In the past the instruction of jour neymen by foremen has been neg lected for several reasons: I. Foremen in many cases have assumed that the men had already been properly trained. Foremen lacked ability to impart instruc tion in certain phases of the work they supervised, and therefore tried to avoid this responsibility. h, Foremen have been reluctant to attempt instruction of journeymen who they thought might resent such instruction. Even though many of these men were fairly well trained in the begin ning, some have lapsed into inefficient habits of work. If the foreman feels that he is not qualified to instruct men, he should start learning. Fi nally, a foreman should never hesitate to give instruction in the belief that it might be resented. (Please turn to page 67) Bureau of Mines type of lean-cementmortar explosives magazine at Locust Gap Colliery, Philadelphia and Read ing Coal & Iron Company. Research Develops Safer Blasting Practices By S. P. HOWELL' and B. L. LUBELSKyt IN 1930 the Philadelphia 'and Reading Coal and Iron Com pany and the Bureau of Mines began a cooperative study of the han dling and use of explosives in the mines of the company, supplemented by field tests, principally at the com pany testing grounds. The investiga tion, which continued intermittently for about two years, consisted of a de tailed underground study of the ac tual methods of blasting and handling explosives. At the time the investigation was started, the company had recently substituted all-electric firing for blast ing cap and fuse. The company had also begun to substitute the permis sible type of explosive, replacing about 2,800.000 pounds per year of a low-grade dynamite. None of this type of explosive was ttsed in 1933 or subsequently. At present, all ex plosives used for blasting coal in the anthracite mines of this company are permissible. The first obvious problems were This nrticlo is published hv permis sion of the Director* U. S. Bureau of Mines. /Not subject to copyright.) Explosives Knirineer, l', Bureau of Mines, Saf"Iv Division, Health and Safety Branch, Pittshursrh. pn, HCxpinsi Fin^uieor, Philadelphia and Headinar Coal and Iron Co., Poits- vilte. Pa. National Safety News, February, 1937 cl) Burning explosives in the bore hole; (2) Storage; (3) Electric blast ing. Burning explosives in the bore hole was one of the most common com plaints. It was the known cause of many small gas ignitions, and at least a probable cause of many small but expensive mine fires. Explosives burning in the bore hole could be traced to several causes: (I) Material which was not sensitive enough to detonate after storage un der average conditions in the mine magazine and in underground storage and handling; (2) Material normally sensitive but rendered insensitive by bad storage conditions; (3) Material which was sufficiently sensitive at time of use but failed to propagate because of improper method of charg ing the bore hole, allowing consider able inert material to get between two cartridges. Storage 1 Each brand of permissible explo sive was subjected to a storage test in one of the storage magazines. Halved cartridge gap tests were made on each sample when placed in stor age. This would be several days after the known date of manufacture. Each sample was tested weekly thereafter, both normal and crimped end gap tests being made. It is necessary to understand the difference between these tests. In the normal test, the cartridge is halved and the two fresh ends are faced to gether. In this test a propagation (or Sketch showing construction of un derground storage box for explosives and detonators. 21 extension) through the air gap essen tially indicates the sensitiveness of the explosive in the center of the cart ridge. In the crimped end test, propaga tion takes place through the crimped ends instead of through the cut ends. The crimped end test is the important practical one for several reasons. Cartridges in the bore hole are propa gated through the crimps, so that any test which does not take the crimps into account is incomplete. The ma terial at each crimp consists of folds of paper and paraffin; two crimps face each other and offer considerable interference to propagation, which is not measurable and in no way indi cated by the normal gap test. It is the opinion of the authors that the crimped-end test is the only informative one for the consumer. It is true that the crimped end test gives varied and often erratic results re garding the gap through which differ ent samples of the same explosive can be propagated, but this very fact is essential to our knowledge of explo sives because the explosive in the bore hole must propagate through the crimped ends, and the minimum gap must be sufficient to insure propaga tion under all reasonable conditions. The fall in sensitiveness in the crimped - end test was very pro nounced after three months, whereas the fall in the normal gap test was very slow. As a result of this information, a general ruling was made that no ma terial would be sent underground if more than three months had elapsed from the date of manufacture. This is controlled by a monthly magazine inventory. The colliery storekeepers report the brands of permissibles and grades of dynamite in each magazine and the number of cases of each code marking. The storekeepers have no key to the codes but simply send in their report to the explosives engineer who furnishes them with a control sheet showing which codes are to be moved first. When any code gets beyond the three-month limit, it may be ordered out of the magazine and used on a stripping job where it offers no haz ard because of the large diameter hole and its general use in the overburden. At other times small quantities of ex plosives have been destroyed to pre vent their use underground. The exclusive use of permissible ex plosives in coal and control of sensi tiveness by the crimped-end, halved cartridge gap test has resulted in the almost complete elimination of re ports of explosives burning in holes, fewer gas ignitions attributed to ex plosives, and consequently a substan tial reduction in the hazard of mine fires. Attention was given the tempera ture at which both permissible explo sives and dynamites were stored. The standard storage magazine was a sheet-iron-covered building with fourinch sand-filled walls; in the sum mer the temperature may go as high as 120 F. and in winter as low as -12 F. (Please tarn to page jo) X minimum-maximum thermometer used in the magazine showing the maximum temperature obtained (lur ing the summer of I9.t'i <85 deg. F.1 National Safety News, February, 193? By JOHN R. BYERLY Safety Supervisor, Armour Co , Omaha, Seb, SLIPPING accidents are difficult to control in a meat packing' plant. The processing of high ly perishable meat products involves working conditions and regulations not found in other industries. In the manufacturing processes large quan tities of water are used, chiefly for sanitary' purposes. Refrigerated rooms are necessary to preserve the products, and much machinery, mov ing equipment and a variety of uten sils are employed. In handling the various products it is nearly impossible to prevent small particles of fat from the products and drops of oil from the equipment fall ing to the floor and creating a slippery condition. Some of the fat and oil particles adhere to the employees' footwear and the wheels of moving equipment and are transferred to the stairways and elevator cage floors. Thus a slippery condition in one place will be carried to other sections of the plant if not immediately corrected. Our floors and stairways are con structed of wood, steel, cement, brick and asphalt, so we must deal with five different surfaces. Platforms are of steel, cement, wood and asphalt. Ladders of several types are in ser vice. Footwear worn by employees varies with the occupations, including rubber boots and bootees, leather work shoes and dress shoes. Of our two thousand employees, approxi mately fifteen per cent are women. The equipment consists of many types of hand and power operated trucks, conveyors, and elevators. The following examples will illus trate some types of slipping acci dents. An employee in our beef killing de partment was assigned the duties of sawing briskets after the fioorman had removed the hides and feet. In walking from one animal to another he slipped and fell, and two lingers of his right hand were almost severed by coming in contact with the teeth of a saw. On investigating the acci dent it was found that the floor was wet and greasy and small scraps cut from the animals during the dressing operations were scattered about. The man was not required to work at an excessive speed. In fact, he had stopped to talk with a fellow worker. Then in hurrying to his position he slipped on a scrap of meat and fell to the floor. Haste to make up for lost time was a contributing cause. The floor is cleaned many times during each day's operations. On our killing floors it was found that some employees had not equipped themselves with knife pouches or knife boxes for protection against cuts when moving from one position to another. Some of them sharpened their knives on steels or stones while walking to and fro in the course of their work. Many serious knife cuts resulted from this practice. These employees are now required to place their knives in containers and are not allowed to sharpen them while walking. In addition, wherever pos sible the knife has a guard attached to the handle. Metal arm and finger protectors are provided. Heavy aprons are worn, also safety shoes and hard hats. Another serious slipping accident., this one resulting in a fatality, oc X<!tinnai Safety Xeuitt lebruary, 193? 23 curred in our glue works. An em ployee tried to enter a moving eleva tor cage, lost his balance and slipped from the cage floor into the pit. This accident made us realize that it was necessary to make our elevator shaftways foolproof. Each landing had been equipped with gates but we re moved them and installed solid wooden doors that could be opened only by the elevator operator after the cage had stopped at the landing. In many so-called slipping acci dents we found other factors involved. Employees contract colds because of different temperatures in the build ings. These ailments affect various parts of the body, and sometimes an employee is attacked by pain when lifting a heavy object or pulling a truck. Quite honestly they attribute the pain to slipping, but often lum bago or some other physical condition is the real cause. Housekeeping We all know that good housekeep ing is an aid to any business as well as an indispensable factor in accident prevention. So we try to keep our floors, walls and ceilings free from dust, grease, oil, water, ice and other items that do not belong there. As salt is used extensively in the curing of meats and for refrigeration, it is always available to sprinkle over greasy or wet surfaces to prevent slip ping. Of course there are other ma terials that can be used effectively in many industries but a packing plant cannot use any material or equipment that cannot be thoroughly cleaned after the day's operations. In cleaning floors we use steam, hot water, soda ash, caustic soda, caustic soaps and tri-sodium phos phate. If properly used, these sub stances are quite effective in remov ing dirt and slippery coatings from most surfaces. Footwear must be suitable for working conditions. Employees work ing in departments where the floor is unavoidably wet will wear rubber boots or bootees, while those in dry departments will naturally wear leather shoes. However, rubber or composition rubber soles and heels on all types of footwear have been found to create a greater slipping haz ard than leather. The condition of the footwear is also important in the prevention of slipping. In many cases the soles and heels have been badly worn. In other cases new shoes with too rigid soles have been at fault. High heeis and those capped with rubber or metal protection plates have been respons ible for many fails. Then there is the physical condi tion of the feet and ankles to be con sidered. Deformities, weak ankles, corns, bunions and callouses are add ed hazards when the surface under foot is siippety. Stairways Stairways should always be of uni form height and pitch, with good types of treads across the edge of each step. If the stairway is of cement, a coating of carborundum or emery dust is beneficial. Metal or grooved metal treads prevent wear but some types become smooth through con stant use and should be replaced or roughed up. On short, narrow stairways hand railings are often considered unneces sary, but our experience has taught us to install hand rails on all stair ways and platforms, regardless of size. There are many other ways in which persons have been injured by slipping. For example: carrying bundles in both arms, running or jumping, pulling or pushing loads too heavy for the condition of the sur face, horseplay, moving heavy ob jects, slipping off ladders, using make shift ladders, and day dreaming. De fective vision also makes-a worker less sure of his step and less likely to see a slippery spot on the floor. A common error in many establish ments is the failure of employees to WILLIE EVER LEARN/ lubricate trucks and equipment prop erly. If the employees will take time fo lubricate properly before using, the hazards of slipping while pushing or pulling trucks will be reduced and the life of the equipment will be in creased. Each month we hold regular monthly safety meetings for super visors in our plant. Hazards are re ported and accidents analyzed. We have an employees representation plan composed of hourly paid and salaried employees. Both the confer ence board, or main group, and the divisional committee give safety a prominent place in their programs. A safety committee of two hourly paid and two management representatives investigates all accidents and recom mends corrections. Our accident re view board has been very helpful for the reason that employees who have been injured feel reluctant and per haps somewhat ashamed when asked to explain before this group the rea sons for injuries. Fraudulent Claims Once in a while a dishonest em ployee will claim an injury, frequent ly attributed to slipping, which did not occur as stated. A recent case will illustrate this point. The stairways in our plant are watched closely for loose objects but some careless_ per son dropped several skewers on the stairway and allowed them to remain there. These are small wooden ob jects the size and shape of lead pen cils which are used to hold meat to gether. Another employee stepped on one of these skewers and fell. He did not report the incident but next morning he appeared at the first aid room with a broken collar bone. He produced a witness who had seen him fall on the stairway. The fact that he did not report this injury aroused our suspi cion. Investigation showed that the injured employee had actually fallen cm the stairway but had not been in jured by the fall. The night before he had visited one of the city's amuse ment parks and in attempting to im press his friends had tried to balance himself on top of a children's merrygo-round. He fell against a steel side brace causing injuries to his shoulder. Seldom do we have experiences such as this but the incident shows the importance of thorough investiga tion and taking absolutely nothing for granted. 24 National Safety News, February, 1937 Campaign Focuses on Drivers* License Laws Newspapers lend support to Council's campaign for stricter control of motoring THREE SERIOUS VIOLATIONS WITH new broadsides on drivers' license legislation issued by the National Safety Council, with interested groups in various states calling to the attention of their legislatures the~need of driver con trol, the Five-Year Campaign to re duce automobile fatalities 35 per cent or more by the end of 1940 .goes into its second year with quickened tempo. Never before has the prospect seemed so bright for legislation that would place a check on indiscriminate and irresponsible operation of the automobile. Governors of many states in their messages to the legislatures, now in session, have definitely ex pressed their sentiments in favor of standard drivers' license laws. In many quarters newspapers are espousing the passage of a standard law, largely as the result of a new ser vice for editors recently issued by the Council's Publicity Division. This service, a 16-page pamphlet, contains stories explaining the standard law, stories describing its operation in states where it is now in effect, and stories which may be localized by the newspapers to tie up with the com munity news angle. In addition to this the Council has published, in cooperation with the General Federation of Women's Clubs, a pamphlet on "Campaigning for Drivers' License--Women's Part in the Program." This eight-page booklet, appraising the standard law and outlining a tentative campaign to promote such legislation, is being is sued by the Federation through its branches throughout the country. The Council is also issuing copies through its contact or field men in various states. Copies may also be obtained directly from the Council. One of the most important of the recent brochures is a four-page pamphlet on "The Drivers' license Law--A Protection for Rural Areas." In past years rural opposition has been one of the foremost obstacles to the passage of driver control legisla tion. This pamphlet explains the need anodf such legislation from the viewpoint of the farmer, pointing out that auto mobile fatalities are increasing with alarming rapidity on the rural high way and that a proportionate number of both drivers and victims are rural residents. The booklet clears up some of the misunderstanding which has hitherto prevailed regarding the ap plication of the drivers' license law to temporary operation of farm machin ery on the highways, age limits of drivers, and fees and costs. It calls attention to the approval of the standard law in a resolution adopted at the recent 18th Annual Convention of the American Farm Bureau Federation at Pasadena, Calif., which read: "We also recom mend that state federations support only state drivers' license laws which provide adequate measures to insure public safety and which are not reve nue producing measures.'' Governors who have definitely ex pressed themselves in favor of a standard drivers' license law include THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL Mali of cartoons are furnished as u part of the Council's service lo newspapers. Cartoons add strength to the support given by newspapers. those of Texas, Mississippi, Okla homa, Indiana, Maine, Kansas, Ten nessee, Nebraska, Illinois and Wyo ming. In Maine license legislation is be ing drafted as part of a movement started by the Main Highway Safety Campaign. Possible revision of other highway safety legislation is also be ing considered. A survey of court records is being made to compare the severity of sentences for killing game out of season with the severity of sen tences for human deaths resulting from vehicle law violations. In New York, where a standard law is in effect, the governor's mes sage to the legislature contained a recommendation for compulsory state motor vehicle inspection, legislative investigation of proposed compulsory automobile insurance, or an automo bile accident compensation plan as an alternative. In Florida a bill which incorporates a financial responsibility measure has been drafted, and it is now being ana lyzed by the Council. In Indiana both the retiring and the incoming governors have expressed their approval of a highway safety program including a standard drivers' license law. The executive committee of the American Legion for Indiana has adopted a resolution calling upon the legislature to "put teeth" into the drivers' license law. Similar campaigning is being car ried on in many other states. Legisla tures are now in session in 42 states. Twenty-three of these have either no iicense law nr a measure which is substandard. National Safety Netvs, February, 1937 A section of PWA's new Techwood low-rent housing in Atlanta. Formerly a slum, the 11-block area is now marked by trim buildings around grassy yards and recreation spaces. Safety for the occupants has received unusually careful attention in the con struction of these buildings. n-4 . ljp...jmqbi Home Hazards Avoided in Housing Project By GUY D. MAYGER Chief of the Branch of Platts and Specifications, lionsing Division, Public Works Administration UNCLE SAM is making the Amer ican home safe ... at least, he stair slope is between 30 and 38 de grees, the steps from 7 to 7JA inches is making 25.000 of them as foolproof high and the steel-protected treads as modern science can devise! 10 or 11 inches wide. Every flight Mindful that fatal domestic acci will have handrails and will be well dents now take a toll second only to lighted. the 36,100 yearly automobile deaths, Waste from apartments will be dis PWA in constructing 50 low-rent posed of through convenient openings housing projects is leaving no stone in the wall to the incinerator below, unturned to eliminate as many haz thus relegating the obsolete "dumb ards as possible. There were 31,500 waiter" to the distant past. lives lost last year by accidents in the Every dwelling unit in the project home! will be equipped with the latest elec As a decided contrast to the old trical and plumbing devices designed slum-type dwelling, all project build to avoid the dangers lurking in every ings will be of fire-resisting construc home. tion, with exterior walls, floors, roofs According to the National Safety and interior partitions all of incom Council, the bathroom is the scene of bustible materials. There will be no more than its share of serious injuries. long, dark hallways, insidious fire Slipping as one gets in or out of the hazards in the old tenement house, tub is the cause of many bad falls. where hallways become cluttered So each tub is supplied with a large with refuse and invested with vermin. sized grab rail placed securely at the Instead, each apartment will open di side of the tub. Fixtures will be un rectly off the stairs, which will form breakable and chrome-plated. fire-safe towers. Perhaps the newest precaution is The Housing Division is carrying the arrangement which prevents back out very definite improvements in syphonage--the danger of waste sy stairways. Steep stairs are avoided phoning back into the water pipes. and stair landings are broad. Com It was not until amoebic dysentery plying with the recommendations of broke out in fhicasro during the Cen the U, S. Bureau of Standards, the tury of Progress as a result of im- 26 proper plumbing that the full im portance of this precaution became recognized. Back syphonage cannot occur when the supply faucet is above the rim of the lavatory or tub. Therefore, Housing Division standards call for faucets raised above the rim of the fix tures. Where flush valves are used, vacuum breakers are installed to pre vent back syphonage. All bathroom chain pull-cords will have insulating links so that wet hands cannot make an electrical con tact through the chain. The frequen cy of such accidents is well known, but often the proper precautions are not taken. Persons who will live in these pro jects need have no worries about re placing blown-out electrical fuses. Each apartment or house is to have an automatic circuit breaker to pre vent overloading. The current will be automatically restored as soon as any overload is removed. Neither will housewives in the all electric developments have to bother their heads on washday about the wa ter in the wash boilers evaporating. There are to be automatic controls on the electric grills, which turn off the electricity after a limited time. Federal Aid Eliminates 1,032 Grade Crossings GRADE crossing projects esti mated to cost $27,157,215 had been completed on October 31, 1936, under the federal government's work program, according to a recent report issued by the Bureau of Public Roads. Projects amounting to $113,915, 136 were under way and others total ing 324,185,076 had been approved for construction on that date. Com pleted projects included 510 grade crossings eliminated by separation or relocation, 64 grade crossings recon structed, and 52 grade crossings pro tected by signals or otherwise. The projects under construction included 1.032 crossing eliminations. National Safety News, February, W? Taming the Embossing Press T T can't be guarded." I This has been said in the past of many machines which now bear reliable mechanical guards, thanks to the spread of organized safety work. Now one more machine which re sisted safeguarding--a leather em bossing machine--may be operated safely. The new guard, which will save the fingers- and hands of scores of leather workers, has been an nounced by the Travelers Insurance Company. The basic patents are be ing given to the public. The device, invented by 0. D. Bavrer, Travelers engineer, was dem onstrated successfully last fall before state labor and insurance officials at the Steinhardt Leather Company's plant in Newark, N. J, It has been in operation since last July. The embossing machine, in opera tion, brings together two massive steel plates under many tons' pressure, and if a workman is slow in removing his hand after feeding the machine, the member is amputated. The new guard consists of a gate controlled by a master cam mounted on the bull-gear shaft. The gate is synchronized with the stroke of the platen, so that when the platen is at the bottom of its stroke, and the press is "open," the operator can in sert or remove material to be em bossed. As the platen is about to be gin its upward stroke, the gate descends to a point within one-quar ter of an inch of the surface of the working table. If the operator's hand is on the working table, the gate will come in contact with it and will be prevented from dosing. This, in turn, will cause the machine to be stopped before any injurious pressure can be applied. When the gate reaches its lowermost (Please turn to pave 66) National Safety .Yens, February, 1937 These men present indisputable evidenee that embossing machines inflict mutilating injuries. Note the method of mounting the front and rear gate units. Also clearly shown is the vertical tube extending down to the control mechanism. A coil spring mounted on this tube acts as a compensator to reduce the pressure on the operator's fingers when the gates ( lose. The safely device will work without the spring. The gate guard lias descended close to the feeding table, blocking entry to the danger tone, Anv obstruction that prevents the gale closing to the predetermined position will shut off the machine, preventing injurious pressure. A pressure of only a few ounces against the operator"- hand will trip the -atop device. Tile overhead connecting rod controls a duplicate gate mounted on the other side of the machine, protecting both operator-. Knd -hield- prevent reaching into the danger gone from this point. Steam pipe* are arranged to minimize the possibility of accidental contact. SAFETY EXCHANGE A Round Table in Print Pay Checks Carry Safety Messages All workers of the Graver Tank and Manufacturing Co. are paid by check, and on the back of each check is printed a safety slogan. The job is run through an addressograph ma chine with a red ribbon. As an em ployee endorses his check, he signs his name right under the slogan. A dif ferent slogan is used each payday, and there is no doubt that each worker sees and reads the short safety message. Safety Locking Tongs Protect Workmen These safety locking tongs pro vide protection for any number of men working on a machine. Some times it is necessary for as many as 12 or IS men to work on machinery such as kilns, coolers and elevators, and another pair of tongs can be inserted in one of the holes on the handle of the first pair, and so on. indefinitely. Padlocks carried by the individual workers are inserted through the holes in the handles. The tongs are about 9 inches long, weigh approximately 14 ounces, and are adaptable to any switch, being at tached by chains to all locations where it may be necessary to use them. They were developed by W. E. Bell of the Grinding Department of the Southwestern Portland Cement Co.. Victorville, Calif. Extension Stop Light For Railroad Yard Regulations governing use of stop signs on yard railroad tracks require a red light placed on such signs at night. Ordinarily temporary lights are installed, but these may be dangerous, especially in a gaseous at mosphere. The light illustrated below is vapor-proof and can be installed quickly. It is used by the Standard Oil Company of Indiana. Safety Platform Prevents Slipping Sometimes the large bearing caps of heavy machinery and the machine ry itself near the caps are so slippery with oil that a man might easily slip and fall, incurring serious injuries. To eliminate this hazard the Genera! Petroleum Corporation of California has devised a safety platform con sisting of a short plank laid on top of the bearing caps and fastened to the bearing studs by bolts. It is recommended that two plank? lie used, one for each bearing cap on the side where work is being done. The accompanying sketch gives de tails of the platform. 28 National Safety News, February, 19a The ideas presented in the SAFETY EXCHANGE have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method, send in a description, with illustration, if possible. Devices known to be available commercially are not included Shive -- Cablt* -- Manhole Guards Have Safety Entrance The manhole guard illustrated can be kept in place the entire time the manhole cover is off. One side is hinged and can be opened to serve as an entrance for the men who must go into the manhole. The angle iron frame extends at the base into the manhole. When men are working below, red and white safety flags are hung from the entrance. Dejected Clock An Accident Reminder An electric clock is hung in the de partment having the most severe in jury in the past month at the Bendix Products Corporation plant at South Bend, Ind. A printed description qf the accident with the injured man's name and cause of injury is placed alongside. The dock, always an at traction. serves as a reminder of the injury and creates discussion which helps to prevent others, it also spurs the foreman on to greater safety ef forts. since he is compelled to answer all questions that may be asked and explain the accident. Counterweights Used on Emergency Ladder This counterweighted ladder, for quick get-away from the cab of an electric traveling crane, was designed by George B. McCullen, of the Gulf Refining Co., Port Arthur. Tex. The rungs of the ladder are made of ?4 inch iron rods and are weided to the side rails, which are of one-inch pipe. The counterweight tube is made of four-inch pipe with a twoinch U-iron serving as a guide for the ladder. The cable is '4 inch in diameter and runs on a two-inch shive. The four-inch pipe tube is dosed at the bottom so that the counterweight cannot fall to the floor in the event that the cable breaks. The counterweights are heavy enough to compensate for the weight of a % iron Rod ladder RunAs 4 Pipe 2." U iron Guide Wfifded to 4"Pipr /' Pipe Ladder Rail i Counter Weight ioSalance ladder iiirli(!* I . man, yet light enough to permit a fairly rapid descent to the floor in case of an emergency. Electric Car Used To Transport Injured This type of electric motor car is used at the open-cut copper mine of the Utah Copper Company, Bingham Canyon, Utah. The door of the car having been too small for the passage of a regular army stretcher, a side opening was made so that an injured man could be moved on a stretcher directly into the ear. then transferred to the company hospital. III 29 QnidhiJudiwL QahxLdu Practical Information for the Man on the Job SAFETY Instruction Cards are published primarily for the in struction of workers in safe operating methods. However, their distribution among foremen and op erating executives is also advisable. These cards present a wealth of prac tical information in concise, readable form. New cards are issued each month, and many of the previously issued cards are being revised and placed in stock. Members are invited to submit suggestions for new subjects or for the revision of cards previously pub lished. Miniature reproductions of 12 cards added to thelist during the cur rent month are shown herewith. Following is a list of previously issued cards now carried in stock: Subject No, Acid and caustic pipe lines, opening flanged joints ...................................... 11" Acid, sulphuric--handling ......................2 12 Acid Tanks, Repairing ...........................124 Cleaning out large tanks ................. 293 Air hoist operation ....... ,........................ 142 Ammonia burns, rescue and hrst aid 3*31 Aprons, protective ..... Artificial respiration ............ 221163 Asphalt Workers .................................. ....226 Auto tires, inflation ...........................20s Axe, how to handle ................ !91 Babbitt, pouring ......... 139 Belt, to put on a pulley ........................-- s Removing from pulley ............... 193 Belts and belt pulleys ............................. 362 Bicycles .............................................................. 241 Black powder, handling ................. 264 Boiler gage glasses, replacing ........... 103 Boilers, low water , ............................... --.230 Boxes and crates, shipping ............... *<'6 Bricks how to pile ............. --.243 Broken glass, how to dispose of......244 Building wreckers ...................................... 3*U Cable Clamps ............................................... 26 Camp fire hazards ...................................... 348 Carbon Monoxide, hints to drivers ...337 Carboys, safe handling ..................i05, 221 Carpenters .......................................................12? Carrying long materials on shoulders ........................... 39 Cane hardening with cyanide ........ ......133 Chain links, hooks, castings--- Ifteeting Haws in .................................. 3 Chain slings, safe loads ....................... 63 Determining need for annealing or normalizing ......................... ....267 Safe use of ............ 1M Chemical laboratory practices ........... 20? Chemicals, protection against ......42, 2G` Children and Traffic ......................... 32? Hazards to .................................................23n Toys and playthings ............................ .33$ Chlorine, safe practices .........................345 Containers ........................ ...... 3 S3 Cleaning machine parts ........................... 137 Cleaning with distillates ....................,...315 Clothing for machinists ........................ 220 For cold weather ...... 269 For men ........................................... S3 For women ......... 84 30 Cold chisel, cutter or punch head, proper shape for ............ .......................... 23 Compressed air--practical jokes .,..,.291 Precautions in using hose ............... 356 Couplings, link and pin .......................... 46 Crane and hoist operators, advice to.. 58 Crane Signals .......................... -.................. 5 Cranes, locomotive (steam driven)....205 Crushed hands, avoiding ......... .............. 53 Cutting oils and compounds ...............304 Die Setters .......... --............................... .350 Dog Bites, to avoid ........................... .175 Drill press operators ............... ...... Driving long rods ................. ............ . 87 , 21 Driving vehicles, attention to driving .......................................................... 209 Backing ............... ..................... ....................193 Bad weather hints ........ ............. 279 Braking distances ..............................216 Choosing routes ......................................251 Courtesy in driving ............................... 275 Driving at night ....................................37S Four basic driving rules ......... ....... .319 General suggestions ................... ........ 170 In plant yards ......... inspection by driver ........... .................. 3>1225 Other drivers' mistakes ............ ---303 Parking . .............................. .... ........ 235 Reaction Time ...................... ...... . ........ 36S Right of way .......................................... 346 Setting out Hares ................... . ........ 292 "SUly Sam Drives Out" .................... 347 Skidding can be avoided :....... .........367 Speed control .............................. . ......186 Stopping on highway at night .... 2C0 Traffic hand signals ............... ........ 235 What to do in case of accident ......i S3 When tires blow out ........................... 377 "Willie the Weaver" ......... ................ 336 Drum#, handling .................... 44, 132 Dust explosions, preventive measures ............. ............. ........................... 239 Electric lamps, portable ...................370 Electric line work, safety lines ........... 96 Electric motors, starting ...................... 60 Electric truck operation ......... 300 Electric wires, safe carrying capacity ................... 13 Electricians ...... ,128 Elevators, inspection and repair , . 104 Operation ............ 41 Freight elevator inspection ,,..... ...271 Sterilizing goggles ........................... 323 Excavation Workers .............. 3-2 Explosives, storage .......... ,...118 Opening dynamite case .............. 157 Preparing blast with cap and fuse ..............-..... ............... .......................... 294 Explosive vapor, removing from drum ......................... .....,..,171 Extension cord, fastening plug to.... 26 Eyes, care of ...................... ............. ..113, 35$ Eye protection, making goggles comfortable ....................... _..........,162 Keeping goggle lenses clean ...... 2-u Falling objects ........................ 163 Falls, general ..................................... 161 Things to look out for .........................1S5 In the Home ........... 330 Falling without injury on icy ground .................................. ........363 Safety instruction Cards are printed on white card stock, 3 by 5 inches, slightly heavier than government postcards. In any 1 quantity the price is one cent per card (all of one kind or 1 selection) with a minimum order of 25 cents. Files ........ ...................................................... ....174 Fire, to put out clothing ............... ......... 23 What to do in case of ......... ........ -=-.122 Fire extinguisher, soda acid ____ 17 One-quart pump type ........................ IS Checking for winter ............. ---- 264 Fire fighting, electrical hazards .......247 Fire prevention, inspection check list ...... ..........................--............. ........237 First Aid, acid and caustic burns ...... 75 Artificial respiration ....... --.......... -165 Burns ........... --..... .-.196 Carbon Monoxide .................................. 115 Emergency stretchers .......................-252 Fractures ................................... --211 Frost bite ................................... --141 Minor injuries ............ 233 Nose bleed .................................................. 229 Shock .................... 284 Simple tourniquet ...... -................... ,,.... 73 Transporting a patient --173, 261, 273 Where to apply pressure to stop bleeding .................-.......... ..................--149 Flammable liquids, storing....................226 Flash points ..................................... 265 Fly wheels ............... 283 Foot comfort ............. 316 Foundry, safe clothing for .................... 309 Fumes, nitrous ........................ --.219 Fumigating with cyanides .....................217 Fuses, removing and replacing .........274 Garage mechanics ................................ -- 82 Gas leaks ............. ISO Gas masks, identification of canisters ................ 212 To test for air-tight fit .................. 97 Care of (canister type) ....................305 Gas welding--cylinders ........................... 29 Gas and oil furnaces, lighting burners ........... -...... ..................................,,166 Gases, explosive ranges .........................290 Gasoline, precautions in using .........-33i Gasoline blow torches ............................. 76 Gasoline engines, cranking .................. 190 Gasoline Service Station, Air and water service ........................376 Housekeeping ............................................351 Fuel service cautions ......-................365 Glass tubing ...............................................-.287 Going to and from work ........... 158 Grinding wheels, to check peripheral speeds .................................... 10 Grinding wheels, mounting on spindle# ...... 50 Flange dimensions ................... 59, 66, SI Handling and storage ........ 2S6 Safe operation ...... 102 Making ring test ......... IQS Guards, use of .................................. 150 Punch press .......................................... -.307 Flair, protection ........................................... 238 Hammer heads, fitting to handles ...... 6 Hammer hints ......... 31 Hand protection, discs for ....................... Hand tools iSee also .vovsi ............... S5 Sharpening ...................... ....192 Hand truck, two-wheel .......................l` Four-wheel push truck .......................i.W Handling materials, warehouse and shipping room hazards .......... --282 Carrying lone and heavy pipe by hand ................................................................354 Health, general suggestions ..............-141 Colds ............... -...... ...................................... 125 Headaches .................................................. 152 Vacation hints .................................... 221 Heat exhaustion ................................. 57, 197 Home hazards ............................................129 Home outdoor hazards ..................... 221 Dry Cleaning ............................................. 276 Fire dangers .............. 349 Hooks, hand ----.....--......... 71 Horse, a well designed --.......... 2 Horses, suggestions for handling......172 Horseplay ......................................................... [54 Hours of danger ........................... 256 Housekeeping, inspection list ............. 29 f Please turn to page National Safety News, Februaryf 1937 DISMANTLING DEFECTIVE POLES (Supporting th* PoW) USE on* of th* following methods of procedure, which r listed in IK* order *f preference: 1. If polo derrick it avail able ui* tt to support the U pole. 2. (*| Sot the new pot* alongside tli* old on*. (b) Loth the eld pot* to the oew on* with at least inch rop* in two places ---#* four foot obav* ground and th* other three-quarters of th* way up. () Us* th* figure-t type of lashing and tie with a square knot, (d) Do ad lashing from th* n*w pole, 3, (a) Before climbing brae* th* old pof* with foor pit* poles, (b] Guy th* old pal* four ways with tempor ary guys of & inch, or larger, rop*, fasten rep* to pel* by two hotf-hitchos on polo end two on (c) If special anchorage is necessary drive a digging bar so that, when security driven into the ground, the bar wtd mate an angle of 99 degrees with the guy. (d| Mob* your anchorage fastenings tout and Geeni against e possible Ikhhact whan releas ing tbe lost strain on the pole. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No, 45 Revised Ion., it)) FIBER ROPE INSPECTION (To Datsct Acid or Ccyitic Burm| A CIO, acid fumes or strong oitili con quietly ** tniur* fiber rope so that it unsafe, If e> posed to thes* dongers. th* rop* should be in spected frequently -- daily is not to* often. 1 Loot for abrasions and bret*n fibers en th* outsid*. 2 Untwist th* rop* in several places, 4 th* Inner yarns or* bright and unspotted, th* rop* strength has boon largely preserved, 3, If black or rusty brown spots ore neted on the rope, they may indicate acid or caustic burnt. Unwind from lh rep* a pitc* *f yarn I inches leng and breoh it with your hands, if it brooks with little effort, th* rope it unsafe. 4 in general, a rep* that hat lost its pliability *r tf! which th* fibers have lost thair kilter and appear dry and brittle should b* mewed with suspicion and replaced with a new rep*. 5, New menii* fiber rep* it yellowish la color with a silvery or pearly luster; new site! fiber rep* k a yellowish whit* color, sometimes with a slight greenish ting*; kmp is of a dark grey color. & Always us# a rop* y*u or* tur* ef, (2*5) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 72 Rented /en., Ifjf Th ese are miniature reproductions OFFICE ACCIDENT CAUSES \A/ORK sn an office is mar* dangerous than rt ' commonly supposed. Here arc some fre quent causes of injury: t, Crowding on stairs, at elevators, and at en trance doorways. High heels are especially dangerous an stairs. 2. Walking without loot ing where you are go ing -- around corners, into open doors, while reading correspondence, etc, 3. Climbing en chairs, botes or other moheshift supports. 4, leaving desk drawers or fil* ease drawers open to be stumbled over: leovmg loose ob jects en choirs or on th* floor. 5. Tipping bock too for in any chair. 6, Straining at tight windows: lifting improperly, or lifting too heavy loads, (Sea Solely Instruc tion Card Ne, 55-) 7, Riling objects on shelves or elsewhere inse curely, I, failing ta cover the points of pins In pinning papers together. (See Sofety Instruction Card Ne, 211.) 9. Using knives, scissors or shears carelessly. IQ- Taking chances with unguarded electric fans, (They should b* guarded completely.) ft. Tossing burnt matches, cigaret and cigar stubs into waste baskets; also broken glass. 12. Throwing objects out of the window. (jjjj) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 77 ,ised /an,, IW DRILL PRESS OPERATORS 1. Use drills properly thorpened to cut to the right 2. Never attempt to hold th* work under th* drill by hand; clomp it secure ly to th* tobl# befer* starting the machine, 3. Rim the drill only at th* proper speed: foreing or feeding too fait may result in broken or splintered drills and serious injury. 4. If th* work should slip from th* clomp, never attempt to stop it with your bonds, Stop th* mechin* to mak* any adjustment or repair, 5. Do not leave th* chuck wrench <n th* chuck. b. Us* a stick or brush to remov* chips from th* drflf -- never your fingers, cotton west* or rag. Fit* or serop* oil bum from th* brill hole. 7. t* extremely careful when reaching around the revolving drill; wear snugly fitting clothing, and keep th* sleeves short to they cannot catch in the drill. Wear a cap rf your hair is long. t. Do not weor gloves whit* operating the brill, if handling rough material us* gloves only when th* drill is not running. 2, Always stop th* dnfl if you leave the mochirte. *j? SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No, 87 '3b5' Revised Jon. St)> AFTER THE MOTOR CAR ACCIDENT |F involved in * m*t*r <*r accident, whether y*u ' wet# ta blame *r not, it is # criminal offtei* t* itovt th* scan* without establishing y*ur tdtn- t.ty, i, Get any truored person to th* hospital or into th# hands ef doctor as soon os possible, 2- Do net smote obout the wreckage, (her* may be spiffed gasoline. j ' 3, Write do-n th* licens* numbers of ether cars involved, #H# the names end addresses ef the* drivers. 4, Get the names and addresses of *R injured pe'sens end names end addresses of passen gers m the ather cars, 5, Get names end addresses of any witnesses of the accident. 6 Da net discuss Warn* far the Occident w.th anyone- 7. If persons hove been injured, or If your vehicle a badly damaged, promptly notify your super * tier co-operst* w.th th* police fwHy. 8, Make out th* required reports of the Occident. * Make a rough drawing ef the scene ef the acci dent. position ef the cars involved and set down ether details, this may be useful 4 lege! action should later develop. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CAR0 No. 183 Rti.tid tun^ ilj? Actua size of cards 3x5 inches FIRST AID FOR EVERY MINOR INJURY \/ ERY likely, you can remember some friend Y rtt acquaintance who hod # bad case of blood poisoning. Usually ho neglected first aid far soma slight wound ansf it becai ' ` * You also may think that be cause you at* well and strong you should pay ne serious atten tion to little cuts and scratches. It may teem sifiy to stop wed foe such tmoll injuries, Rut no matter how hoolthy you ere you cannot afford to take chences with infection, Th* small wound may bo unimportant at first; but DEIAY in coring for it con moke it t, Stop whatever you ore doing long enough to get th# right kind of first aid treatment. 2, Do not touch an open wound, or wash it out, or us* a rag to wrop rt up, A little bleeding helps t* flush out harmful germs. 3, Never put adhesive tap* over an apen wound. 4, Do not tuck a wound, eicept perhaps in rare instances of snake bit* or dog bite. (Sea Safe ty instruction Card No. 201.) 5, Do net brook blisters. b. Permit no one but a physician or qualified nurse to remove particles from your eyes, 7. Don't use a knife or pin to remove a splinter; hov* th* nurs* or doctor do it. No.(fjj) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO 233 VS?' Reiised /en,, W HANDLING LEAKY CHLORINE CONTAINERS t. Keep o* th* winwerd side of th* leek. 2. If Uokog* k extensive warn ofl person! in danger to move to a distant or higher location, 1. When attempting ta plug a chlorine look, wear a go* mask ond protect hands and body with thick loose-fitting gloves and a long apron ef leather or ather nan-porous material. 4. Water sprayed under slight pressure on th* scaping liquid w4J form (Morin* hydrate and stow *p th# #voporotion of gas temporarily 5, If the leol is above th* liquid, however, gas niy will escape, and water will be ineffective: turn the container so that th# leak is below the level of the liquid, then apply voter os above. 4. If water rs not immediately available, remove the container te some safe law spat, or dig a trench to confine the liquid ond reduce the area from which evaporation takes place. Earth, time, wet or dry bogging, or a blanket thrown #a th* liquid will act at an absorb ent and retard evap oration. 7. Dry ice fiofid carbon dtasida) if avaitobto o*d packed around a leaking container also itl greatly retard f" SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO No. 379 BARRING DOWN LOOSE MATERIAL FROM ABOVE 1, Take down ail loos* bad roof, ribs, or foe* motertaf beforo starting regufor work, 2, Set additional timber odjacent to the material la b totes down if this is likely te increase your sofety, ,3 Be sure you ere in th# clear rind hov* on unhindered fin* at retreat beforo start.ng to tale dew# loos# slate, coat er ather material, 4, Use only a proper bar when barring down -- preferably straight iron bar blunt an on* end end not less than four feet l*ng. 5 Do not us* a pick for barring down overhead material, ,4 itond in position wbts* the totting subtle*** cannot trep you pr squeeie you egomit th* fence, rib, con. gob, timber, er ether materiel. 7 Where safety w*R permit, be sure that ett teets or ether objects which might Ay or *therwd* reuse injury if struct by felting motrnof *r* tn th* clear; however, never go under dengerousty >*ie material to remove looks or other proper ty *-- y*ur life is worth m#r* then any equip ment- i SAFETY INSFRUCF1PN CARD No. 380 GASOLINE SERVICE STATION (Some Lubrication Cautions} I. Keep in th* cl*ar when guiding a cor onto th* lubrication hoist. Meko sure engine is stopped, brakes er* set ond wheels blocked before operating fj hoist. .2 Never permit anyone to remain in or near th* cur while it Is being raised or lowered. 3, Do not,attempt to hoist a loaded truck, 4, When operating a lubricating gun, never shoot th# grease into your hand; never point it at anyone. 5, Us* wrenches that fit; never use a defective wrench. , Take time to use tools cenectly. 7. Grease on tools or on the hands is a frequent tout* ef tools slipping; us* e wiping cloth fre quently, Cleon tools doily with kerosene or other fluid of high flosh point. S, Sec that everyone is in the cleor before lower ing th* heist; remain at the control valve while the cor is slowly towered, 9, Observe if tho differential plot* and front jocks or knee-octien plates are m th# cleor, ond see that no one is endangered when th* car is bocked away. H No.SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARO 381 Nation*! Safety Navi, February, 193? 31 BEWARE OF THE DOG THERE it a knack ' handling dog*. If vicioui dog ruiKcs towofd y. k*P your hoad. 1, Do not run; ony dog will chaio anything that run* from him, 2, Stond itilt. facing tho dog. foot togethor, hand* on ehost; if thoro * no saliont port of you to bit*, ho may ttop. punUd by your attitudo. 3, Spook to him calmly, eonfidontty. 4, |( h* quioti, oitond your bond, palm up, slowly, nnd try to moio fnondi; if ho grow!* end crouch.*. howoor. koop stW -- ho might loop at your hand, 5, Aftor on intorvol, a* opportunity pro*ont, toko a short *top backward, slowly; ttop ot onco, and woit a long intorvol boforo taking onothor ttop backward. 6, Dog* onio foor and hoto it -- they oithor o* or tmoll tho ovidonco of foor your boay gie* off; try and moot tho dog* hostility with e bravo front. 7, If your toehnir. foil* ond you oro bitton, got tho torvico of a physician promptly. f. If no physician con bo had end your tip* eon roach tho wound, tuck it out thoroughly; thon batho it m lukeworm wetor and paint with iodine. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 382 WHAT IS BLIND DRIVING? VQU are driv-ng rapidly at night Auumo that iuddenty your hoodiight* thaw on obstruction en tho read. You make overy offer! to stop, but cannot -- your cor hit* tho obstruction. You may not heo roahicd 4. buf you wore driving mere or leu BUND, Engineer* toll it '"aver'driving your hoediightt.n For oiompto: An overage man require* % * nd to reoiire danger ond actually got hit broket te working then, good bretos require t,me to slop o car, At 40 mile* an hour, tho overage whole stopping d'Stonco it III foot; at SO mil**, IB4 foot; at 40 mile* it * 251 foot But other (odor* also enter -- rood surface con. ditions: visibility through ram. fog. snow; eyesight end hcaHh of tho driver, fotigue, tfotpincss; end finoffy, fength and accuracy of tho fight boom, efton lenses, etc. Tho finest heodlampt often Soso 40 percent of (heir effectiveness in ss* months, (n short, you might a* welt bo BUND as to drive at night at a pace faster then wiff permit you ta step in lest than tho distance yo* rots see end understand what lies ahead. (S^l1 SAftrr INSTRUCTION CARD No. 383 HOME ELECTRIC APPLIANCES (Some Fire and Shock Hazards) 5, Usa appliance* made by rotiabl* manufac turer*. 2, Select estention cord bearing Underwriter** Laboratories label,, ond fitting* marked with current rating end maker's name. 5, Do not patch a cord; get a new one. <4. Do not tinker with defec* tive appliances, wall iwitehet, or haute wiring; get an etpert repair mon.j i. Lifting on electric appf*-' * une by the cord may rrti jure the wiring or connec- (ion*. 4. Do not sot electric oppti- ITT ancet on tho kitchon stove, kitchen (ink, or other grounded metal; never touch two appli ance*: or an appliance and a pull-chain switch or ether grounded metal at tha same time. ,7 Use no electric appliance in the bathroom. If bathroom tight ho* a chain switch, attach a ribbon or cord; never touch o (amp chain or any electric appliance with wet hands. 5, See that tho radio it property grounded. <f, Use only rubber insulotod attention cord on tho washing machine; hove floor entirely dry white operating the machine. 10. Never replace an electric fust with a penny er other makeshift; thi* will overload tho wiring. Utt only a IS ampere fuse. If the fuse blows out agoin. call tho electric com pany te find tho troubto. ',$7 SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 384 Safety Instruction Cards iContinued from page 30) Salvaging materials .............--179 Ice slipping hazards ........................... --107 Ice tongs ............... .....-- ......... ..........--...236 Icicles ..............................................^.....121 Inattention ........ ...................................-......177 Injured worker ......................................*.*...310 Jacks, safe use of ........................ -.........- 93 Janitors, sweepers and cleaners .......134 Kite Hying ,............ 40 Knives ............................ 144 Knot, underwriters .......... & Knuckle guards for trucks and wheelbarrows ............................. --.248 Ladders, setting up .................................... 16 Carrying ........................ 202 Climbing ..............................................-..... 51 Extension .............................. 173 `.Maintenance ....................... ..340 Stop ladders ...... ..262 Working from .................. 224 Lathes, all-purpose metal-working.... 89 Lead poisoning, protection ...................116 Lifting--safe methods ............................. 55 Linemen, care of leather equipment..288 Protection against grounded Linemen's climbers, to sharpen ......... 22 Live wires, to free person from .......189 Machine operators ............. 306 Machine shop workers ...........................299 Maintenance and repair {working' on machinery) ......................................... 259 Maintenance andrepair men .........79, 259 Safe Clothing .................................. ....253 Making safety suggestions .................. 109 Manila rope ............................................. 7: Care when riot in use .......................... ' Care of ......... ...................-...... ........106, 203 Testing in the field ............................ ..231 Manila rope slings, safe loads ............. 47 Masons, brick ...............................................135 Stone ............................................................. 320 Matches ................................................. *..........182 Metal planer operators ............... .........29S Meter readers, gas and electric ......... 373 Milling machine operators ........... 237 Mine Haulage, use of man-trips .......375 Monkey wrenches .......................................204 Motormen and conductors .................... 48 Kails, how to start ..................................153 Kew employees, helping ...................... 101 Tips to ............. 302 Office accident causes ............................ 77 Office hazards ............. .......281 Oil storage tanks, -Meaning ..... 70 Oilers, advice to ...................... 74 Oiling machinery .......................................147 Painters, brush--lead poisoning .....299 32 Pedestrian traffic safety ........ .....313 Pens and pencils..................... .....................272 Personal safety check list .................... 181 Picks ................ -176 Piling materials, general ......................140 Bags of cement ........................ ............. 249 in process near machines ................266 Pipe fitters ............. ...... .................... ............ 215 Pipe lines, blanking off ........................... 100 Pipe wrenches ............... ............ .--.............188 Piping systems, identification of ...... 20 Plant yards, safety in ...........................318 Pneumatic hammers and chisels ...... 52 Poison ivy ........... ------ ....................... 30 Poison oak and poison sumac ............. 64 Poles, dismantling defective .....45, 169 Testing before climbing ....................232 Portable extension lamps ,,...... 67 Posture ..................... ..........................-........-- 90 Power hammers .......... 17 portable ................................ 363 Power press operators, advice to ...... 65 Power trucks, operation of .................. 43 Practicai jokes--compressed air ......291 Punch press guards ...................................307 Push tools for jointers and saws........ 33 Railroad cars, unloading ........... 342 Railroad Crossings .....................................328 Railroads, track and extra gang timekeepers .............. 374 Rescue work, broken ice ................ 258 Self rescue ................ -............ 278 Resuscitation, see artificial respiration Roll scraper ffor cleaning power. driven rolls) ............................... ............ . 34 Rope, fibre--maintenance ................ ...106 Kinks in ................ ...353 Cleaning ....................................................... 360 Rope knots and hitches 200, 222, 246, 235 Rope hitches* and slings ................ ...1, 210 Rope, protecting from chemicals ...... 62 Rope and block sizes ............................... 38 Rowboats, general suggestions .......237 Rubber gloves, care of .........................214 To test for leaks .................................... 4 Safety committee chairmen ................ =.296 Safety Committeeman ............................. 341 Safety inspection, unsafe practices,.225 Mechanical check list ........................... 333 Sanitation and hygiene ......................... 308 Saws, circular--uon'ts ................... 54 A good sawyer ........ 371 Operating speeds .................. 254 Saws, cross-cut--how to carry ............194 Hand, how to use .................................. 255 Hand, how to start ................................ 123 Swing, cut-off ........................................... 143 Scaffold planks, identifying ............... 32 Safe loads for ............................................120 How to test ................................................ 15 Scaffolds, suspended ................................ 7S Swinging ............ .............. ,,...................... 234 Scissors and shears .....................................240 Screw driver ................ 257 Screw machines, hand ......... ...344 Sheaths for sharp pointed tools ____ ..184 Shoes, safety ............................................ 234 Shoring trenches .......... --..167 Skidding cylindrical objects ......... 11 Slings, angles and capacity ............. 24 SHng chain hooks ..............--159 Snakebites ......... ...201 Soldering --164 Spiders, "black widow" ...........................250 Spray coating, general precautions..227 Prevention of fires ...........................--.277 Stacking cylindrical objects ....... --> 7 Blacking pipe and round bars ...... --114 Stairways, ramps and fixed ladders,... 37 Stairways, how to use .................... --..146 Step ladders .................. .--.262 Storerooms and stockrooms ................130 Suggestions, safey, making ................ 109 Summer camp safety ............................ -.320 Sunburn ......................... 199 Sunstroke ...................... ,,............................ . 56 Swimming ,......................... ...330 Tackle, lifting capacity of (wooden ^heil blocks with manila rope) ............. ............................. ...... 61, 69, 86 Lifting capacity of (steel shell-. hlocks with wire rope) .............S6, 95 Tank cars, loading flammable liquids .................................. ........ .......SO Opening dome covers ................. 12 Unloading flammable liquids .. 105 Ten commandments of safety ...... ..36 "That tired feeling" .................................. 168 Thawing frozen pipes .......... --... --131 Timbers, setting in mines ................ 27 Toolkeepers ............... 136 Tools, portable electric ........... 21 Electric hand ................................... .......,343 Garden tools ..................................... 314 Traffic hand signals ..................................335 Tree felling .......... 218 Tree trimming ..................................... --205 Warning signs, colors to use ............. 112 Location ,..................................................... 160 tyle of lettering ................................. 119 Watchmen, suggestions for ................. 35 Water, life saving .......................................223 Weights of materials, dry materials --138 Liquids ......................................................... 213 Welding, electric arc ............--.............. 68 Wheelbarrow', how to handle ................187 Wind force .....................................................270 Window' cleaning, safety belts ........... 92 From ladders ..............................................110 Window' glass, carrying .................. 155 Wire rope, lubrication ............................. i* Putting on a seizing ........ .................... 263 Safe Loads, vertical slings ..............283 Uncoiling and unreeling .................. 49 When to discard .................... 19 Women shop workers ...... 332 Working beneath a car ........................... 25 Worry .................................. 143 Wrenches, use of ........ Ill Track "wrenches, use of ...................... 311 National Safety News, February; 1937 TO IFmsi1 m ii This seal denotes ac ceptance of Mercuroehrome by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the Amer ican Medical Associa tion* Preventing errors is an important job in industry. Even slight mistakes are sometimes costly. So it is with injuries; a minor wound if ignored may lead to serious infection. The first step in preventing infection is to report ail injuries promptly, because delay increases risk. Prompt thorough cleansing and application of an effective antiseptic is the first defense. Mercurochrome is especially useful in first aid work, because application is not painful, with the re sult that injuries are usually reported more promptly. Mercurochrome is non-irritating and exerts bacteri cidal and bacteriostatic action in wounds. Mercurochrome should be used in the first aid care of all minor wounds; in more serious cases, a doctor should be called. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC. BALTIMORE MARYLAND Rational Safety Sews, February, 193? An Accident . . . and the injured man |av. manual rate aO. . oa 120 _11*ian. (00 -id so ai , u h0 1 1I 1r j -- AV. ACTUAL RATE 1 1j Chemical Plant Saved *4 on Insurance Costs A Tennessee chemical firm, working together with American Mutual on accident prevention, reduced insurance costs to only 67.7% of the average for Tennessee firms of its type. As recently as 1933, this firm had to pay more than the average rate per $100 payroll. Safety work, alone gave it this marked edge over competition on insurance costs. American Mutual dividends lowered these costs by an addi tional 20%. BRANCHES H 34 53 American works to make all too OF THE t 937 |FT I ElH ; COUNTRY'!; National Safety Neivs, February, 193 i Spreads is not the only one to suffer Production Delays, Spoiled Wirk and Increased Insurance Costs Add Burdens to Operating Expense A crash -- a cry or a curse . . . and the smooth stream of production suddenly halts , , , men leave their machines ... the clock races on . . . the damage is repaired and the injured man taken away -- and slowly the stream of production resumes, hesitatingly, haltingly . . . The effects of an accident spread, and the injured man is not the firm's only loss. But the accident losses that no insurance repays -- can be prevented! The type of safety-engineering American Mutual provides its workmen's compensation policyholders regards safety as a form of production efficiency efficiency in plant operations, layout of machines, the attitude of workers themselves. 3y searching out fundamental accident causes, our engineers can plan an economical course of sound safety practice -- that results in far fewer accident losses, reductions in insurance costs, and increased production. THIS IS "PRODUCTION-SAFETY" We think of the plant as a whole. Searching out not only the obvious danger spots, but the fundamental causes of accidents, wherever tney lurk in the plant or the working force . , . our engineers can plan for the entire plant's safety. Fore-warning for the needs of thefuture. A study of the present ind past indicates where concentration is needed; a plant's past experience guides us in avoiding future troubles. Management and workers buildingsafety together. Safety begins at the top. works down through the operating force. We furnish organizing experience to help you help those who are under your management. TWO OTHER PROFIT OPPORTUNITIES: Cash dividend. 20 (a or more of each year's insurance cost has been returned to each policyholder since 1887. Altogether, we have saved our policyholders a total of more than $50,000,000. Medical rehabilitation. Doctors familiar with the requirements of industrial jobs can often refit even badly-injured workers for jobs they know, saving their valuable experience. For more information on this workmen's compensation coverage at the lowest net cost, send coupon below. You will receive free copies of the American Mutual Magazine, which gives useful concrete studies of how plants are made safer. Admitted Assets: S23.H09,t>-i5.32 Liabilities: $19, 121978.69 Su-pii.5 to policyholders: $-i,3!S-i,5t'6.63 As of Dec. 31, 1935 savings on automobile insurance, public liabilityand other lines have been 2t)$> o: more each year -- substantial savings on general fire insurance, written by out associate, Allied American Mutual Fire insurance Company. AMERICAN MUTUAL LIABILITY INSURANCE CO. OF BOSTON Mutual work safe N1 K f V 5 R S A R Y PRINCIPAL * CITIES American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Dept. 42, 142 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. Please send me the next four issues of the AMERICAN MUTUAL MAGAZINE. Name-- .., __ ,___ _. .. ___,__ _____ _ Company-- __ _ . Streets - _______ _______ _ Or. _ _ . _State.____ ________________ n SaUonnl Safely ,\ews, February, 1927 ,3.5 USTRIAL HEALTH A Department for Physicians and Laymen Conserving Eyesight A complete program of eye conservation in cludes protection against injury, correction of errors of refraction, and skilled medical service By FORREST F. SLYFIELD, S. B., M. D. Olihthalmuioyist, Duluth, Missabe A Xarthern Railway Company FOUR prime factors in conserving vision are: I. Periodical visual examinations. 2, Eye protection. 3. Enforcement of safety rules. 4. Skilled treatment of injured eyes. Visual examination should be made of all applicants for employment, and there should be periodical re-exam ination of old employees. Ordinarily re-examination should be made every two or three years. Re-examination is also essential after illness or injury, or when a worker is reemploved after employment with another employer. All visual examinations should be made by competent ophthalmologists. An ophthalmologist (eye physician) is qualified not only to prescribe corrective lenses but also to make a diagnosis of any disease that may be present and advise the correct treat ment. Medico-legally the visual records are of value to the employee as well as to the employer. They eliminate dis putes as to the exact status of the em ployee at the time of employment. Workmen with good vision are more alert and less prone to accident. Most individuals with defective vision due to refractive errors may obtain normal vision with corrective glasses. Where one eye is normal and the other defective, it has been my ob servation that the defective eye is the one which suffers injury most fre quently. This is due to the slowing of the winking reflex in that eye. Eye fatigue can incapacitate a per son for work as readily as a wound. Eye fatigue often causes blurred vi sion, headaches or inflammation of the eyelids. It is a frequent cause of mistakes and poor workmanship. This is especially true in- detail work. Defective vision and the resulting eye fatigue often cause a man to ap pear dull and stupid. His mental ap titude is reduced and his reaction time is slower. It takes him longer to coordinate movement of the mus cles of his limbs after visualizing im pending danger. The Accident Prone Where a man is accident prone, make sure that he has not defective vision, as well as other physical de fects. The field of vision may be con tracted. Depth perception may be absent. Such conditions are an im portant element in the causes of acci dents. Perhaps the most serious accident is the penetration of the eye by fine slivers of wood. It is often most diffi cult to remove these. There is marked danger of infection, in addition to the more frequent formation of a corneal scar. The iris or lens or both may be torn. If the lens substance is in jured, traumatic cataract develops. Where large corneal ulcers occur due to infection, following deep corneal injury--impaired vision results, if in the healing process a scar develops. If infection invades the deeper struc tures as the posterior chamber--pan ophthalmitis is the usual result, ne cessitating enucleation. Among woodworkers in large car shops, the greatest hazards are ap parent in the use of the following tools and machines: Hand nr power screw drivers, planers, power drills, and circle or rip saws: wherever com pressed air is used, either for cleaning surfaces or as in air hammers. Acid is often used in paint removal and acid splashed into eyes is disastrous. In blacksmith shops, at forges and punch machines constant precautions are necessary to prevent eye injury. Hammering hot welds is often accom panied by flying particles of hot metal. The use of suitable goggles is the best protection and the greatest fac tor in conservation of vision. For the man with normal vision, goggles with a heavy plain lens are usually satisfactory. In the cases of defective vision which can be corrected with lenses, special protective lenses are now fitted in the goggle frames. Intensive light glare causes a tem porary central scotoma or blindness, which in itself is a cause of accidents. Proper illumination of workplaces is important, and lights should be so installed that glare does not affect the eyes of the workman. The light should be directed toward the bench, or the object at which our vision is directed, and not into the eyes. There are many diseases which affect vision. I will mention only a few of them: diabetes, nephritis S Bright's disease), arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), anemia, 36 National Safety News, February, 1937 You can't detect all the opportunities existing in your" plant to improve work standards, lower production costs^ and promote safety unless you suspect that your lighting isn't all that it should be! You can't suspect your lighting until you have compared it with present Better Light-Better Sight Standards. To do this your lighting for each plant location should be carefully checked with modern lighting layouts for iden tical locations. With these lighting layouts as a standard of comparison, you can, quickly and accurately, have your entire plant lighting checked up with the most approved principles of modern industrial lighting. To give you the way to do this quickly and easily, is the purpose of Benjamin's new "MANUAL OF FACTORY LIGHTING PRAC TICE." In this manual, you'll find thirty specific lighting layouts for the thirty most common in dustrial lighting problems. Where the checkup reveals changes are required, the Manual will show you how to make these changes as recommended by Benjamin's illuminating engi neers. What will surprise you most, perhaps, is the negligible cost of making the changes and the sur prising results secured. Even where substantial changes are required, experience invariably proves the cost involved is negli gible compared to the results obtained. So, even though you may be per fectly sure this message isn't for you, why not send for this new Benjamin Manual without cost or obligation to you... read it... and then pass it on to your plant engineer or chief electrician? REN7AMIM BVHHHHr T&A0E LIGHTING EQUIPMENT { Distributed Exclusively through Electrical Wholesalers 9HHH Sntionaf Safoty Aru.s, Fohruary, iV.'fT BENJAMIN ELECTRIC MFG. CO. Oes Plaines, Illinois ... TO CONFIRM MY SUSPICIONS, send me n amijilimeutary copy of `A MANUAL OF FACTORY LIGHTING PRACTICE" Same ____________ ___ ___ Position _________ linn At/t/ress,,,,___ _ _ .... . _ Shift'.. ________ brain tumor, and syphilis and gonor rhea. Focal infection, as sinusitis, ab scessed teeth and infected tonsils, often plays a part in the etiology of eye affections. To fit corrective lens goggle frames, the oculist should have a suitable set of trial frames. The side screen should be adjusted so that no foreign bodies can enter the eye under the screen edge, fn the case of the shop men employed by the Duluth, Missabee and Northern Railway Com pany, every man is required to come in personally after the goggles are re turned by the optical house, so that I may be certain that the lenses are correct and "the frames adjusted. This practice has cut down the ex cuses for not wearing goggies due to improper fitting or possible mistakes in corrective lenses. Protective guards on stationary machines as hand saws, strippers, ribbon saws, etc, serve to prevent eye injury. It is my opinion that goggle frames should not be worn over regular glasses. First, because a blow upon the goggle frame is likely to cause breakage of the lenses in the glasses frame and result in injury to the eyes from the broken lenses. Secondly, the spectacle frame is easily bent out of shape by the goggle frame over it, causing distorted vision and head aches where astigmatism is present. Thirdly, with the exception of welders goggles, I do not favor more than one glass or lens as a protective medium. When an Injury Occurs When an eye injury occurs, the earlier treatment can be instituted by an eye physician, the better will vision be conserved. Many eyes are serious ly injured by so-called eyepick experts in shops. They naturally do not use a local anesthetic, in their attempt to remove a foreign body. In their efforts they usually scratch the cor nea or gouge it more deeply than the foreign body does. The oculist uses an anesthetic, has the proper instruments, knows the correct medication to allay inflamma tion, and he is a trained physician. Foreign bodies are removed with eye spuds, forceps or the magnet. Burned or oxidized corneal areas are removed with special burrs. Where steel par ticles have entered an eye. it is re moved with the magnet. Xon-magnetic foreign bodies, splinters of wood have to be removed with forceps, with the use of a fluoroscope or with direct illumination. After the removal of the foreign body, the inflammation caused by the trauma, penetration or infection must be combated. Conjunctivitis, iritis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, hem orrhage in the anterior or posterior chamber, tom iris, or deep laceration of cornea or sclera, all require careful treatment. Whether or not the in jured workman shall immediately re turn to work, is subject to the judg ment of the ophthalmologist. At ail times, he must bear in mind the danger to vision in returning a man too soon to his regular duties. Do not delay early treatment in cases of apparently trivial affections of the eye. Conjunctivitis, caused by dust irritation, strong fumes, vapors from chemicals, paint, turpentine or acid fumes, is manifested by lachrvmation (tears) smarting or burning sensation, inflamed lids, blurred vi sion and often pain. Where injury occurs, a record of vision must be made if possible im mediately. This is just as important for trivial foreign body injury cases as the more severe. It is of inestim able value where malingering is later attempted or exaggeration of a defect occurs. The periodical re-examination en ables the oculist to note any diminu tion of vision and if unable to correct it with lenses, make an ophthalmo scopic and split lamp examination to determine the presence of disease and note pathology. Beginning diabetic, nephritic retinitis or retrobulbar neu ritis are commonly observed early in the disease. Focal infection, as ab scessed teeth, infected tonsils or sin uses. is a frequent etiological factor in iritis. Enforcement of Rules Where diabetes, nephritis or other general disease is affecting vision, the employee is referred to the general physician for proper treatment. The field of vision has to be taken in cases of failing vision. This is accomplished with the perimeter. Normally the largest field of vision is for white, then blue, red, and green. In disease, the field of vision for colors contracts earlier than for white. Optic atrophy and glaucoma cause contracture of the field of vision. Enforcement of safety rules and constant inspection by safety engi neers are leading factors in saving sight. Frequent safety meetings with discussion of safe practices and edu cation as to methods of preventing eye hazards, play an important part. Attendance at safety schools should be requested. Often practical sugges tions are made by workmen. Gruesome Lessons Whenever a serious eye accident occurs, although it may be gruesome, safety committeemen may capitalize the case and show how it could have been prevented. Likewise where gog gies have been broken, but eyes saved through use of shatterproof lenses, display the goggles and advertise the fact that another eye has been saved. Have the oculist speak before your safety meetings. He can do much to teach the men the precautions ne cessary to save eyes and conserve vision. Periodical goggle inspection is im perative. When lenses become pitted, blurred vision results and an artifi cial astigmatism sometimes is brought about and headaches occur from their use. Pitted lenses should always be turned in and replaced. If corrective lenses, then order on the oculist's prescription, or if in use more than two years order a re-examination. Lenses should be free from imper fections, ridges, pebbles, or scratches. Where astigmatic corrective lenses are mounted in goggle frames they should be diamond marked and the workman instructed as to the correct position of the diamond mark. The industrial ophthalmologist should make a tour of the plant to learn the exacting and hazardous con ditions under which the men labor. Men complaining of headaches or inflamed eyes should be sent in for consultation and examination. Where high power pneumatic chisels are used in cutting off rivet heads, the wire mesh face mask or helmet affords the best protection. In the presence of steam or vapor, the wire mesh goggles furnishes excellent protection. It is needless to warn electricians of the dangers associated with high voltage, but it may be well to state that the passage of strong currents of electricity through the body may and often does cause cataract develop ment, as well as burns. (Please turn to page ys) 38 National Safety News, February, (93 HERE IT IS! Available March I. The 1937 Catalog - Direc tory of Safety Equipment. IN one unit, the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS is bringing you detailed information on all types of equipment and service to help you reinforce the mechanical side of your safety program. LET'S make March the Annual Safety Equipment Month--the time to make a new check-up on equipment. The Guide will give you suggestions. Selection of reliable products will be greatly simplified if you will keep this authoritative Reference Guide always at hand. Every man responsible for Safety should have a copy. Watch for it March I. Extra copies should be ordered in advance. National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois Antimony and Its Compounds Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 22 A. Problem 1. What are the hazards of anti mony and its compounds and what precautions are necessary in their use? B. Hazards - 2. The principal hazard is that of poisoning by absorption through the alimentary system, the respiratory system, or the skin. C. Discussion 3. Antimony is a silver white metal of crystalline structure, very brittle, eas'ly broken and a poor conductor of elecficity. ft burns with a blue flame, giving off dense white fumes which have an odor resembling garlic. At ordinary temperatures it is not affected by air. Chemically it is close ly related to arsenic and forms the same type of compounds. It dissolves in boiling hydrochloric acid and liber ates hydrogen. It readily forms al loys with a smic, lead, tin, copper, zinc, iron and bismuth. 4. Antimony and its compounds are used in the dyeing, printing, elec tro-plating. storage battery and rub ber industries: in the manufacture of various pewters, anti-friction metals, non-rusting nails, fireworks, matches, enamels, glazes, and medicines; and in the arts for plating and painting. Symptoms of Poisoning 5. The respiratory system is the chief avenue of entrance of anti mony and its compounds into the body because these substances are often in powder form or become finely pulverized in use. The intake through the a'imentary system is by swallow ing dust while at work, by contami nation of food, tobacco and water. Absorption through the skin is not marked exceot by those using alloys or accelerators, or working with pew ter, or using an oil or greasy substance in conjunction with these operations. 6. There are two types of poisoning, acute and chronic. The symptoms of acute poisoning are violent irritation of the mouth, nose, stomach and in testines; vomiting, purging with bloody stools; slow pulse and low blood pressure; slow, shallow breath ing; coma and convulsions sometimes followed by death from cardiac and respiratory' exhaustion. The symp toms of chronic poisoning are: dry ness of throat; pain on swallowing; occasional vomiting and persistent nausea; susceptibility to fainting; diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight; giddiness: dermatitis, either pustular or ulcerative; anemia. Such cases as those last mentioned may become acute and death may result because of exhaustion. 7. The symptoms of poisoning by antimony and its compounds are often mistaken for those of lead or arsenic poisoning. In such cases a careful analysis of the symptoms, the urine, stools, blood serum and saliv ary secretions should be made by a physician who is thoroughly familiar with the true symptoms of antimony, a'senic and lead poisoning. Treatment 8. In case any of the symptoms of poisoning, even slight, are noticed, the affected individual should be re moved from contact with the chemi cal and placed under the care of a physician who is versed in the treat ment necessary. Precautions 9. All antimony and its compounds, if used in powder form, should be handled carefully to avoid the raising of a dust. 10. The hands and arms of the worker should be protected and if ex posure is severe or long continued the worker should wear a respirator. (See '.Vote W.i 11. If soluble compounds are used, the exposed surfaces of the body should be protected by rubber gloves, waterproof clothing, or by the use of a protective ointment that can be ap plied before going to work and washed off at the end of the dav. (See Note X.) " 12. Where such compounds as the oxides and sulphides are used in quantities, the individual should work only two or three days a week on the job and then be relieved. This is to prevent accumulation of poisoning in the body and to help the body elim inate such poisons. 13. No food should be kept or eaten in the work room. 14. No individual should partake of food or drink until after he has thoroughly washed his hands and face. Suitable washing facilities should be provided for this purpose, (See Note Y.) 15. Overalls or some other form of suitable protection should be fur nished and laundered often. 16. All workers using antimony or any of its compounds should be phy sically examined at regular intervals. (See Note Z.) Noth SV. Detailed information on suitab'c respirators will be found in Sufj Practices Pamphlet No. (4 "Respirators, Has Masks, Hose Masks and Breathing Apparatus." Norn X. Detailed information un rubber gloves and other protective elothing will be found in Safe Practices Pamphlet No, 10 "Protective Clothing." Non-: Y. Detailed information on suitahV washing facilities will be found in Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 27 "Industrial Sanitation." Note Z. Detailed information on physical examinations will be found in Health Prac tices Pamphlet No. 2, "Physical Kxaminations." National Safety Council, Inc. 20 No. Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 40 National Safety News, February, 193 BULLETIN BOARD A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety. Conducted by STAN KERSHAW The New Poster Pages TNO YOU like this new poster section? Is it an improvement? We ask these questions because we are striving to present the miniature reproductions of posters in the most useful and attractive manner. To those of ns who have been engaged in the preparation of these pages, the crowding that was made necessary by the inclusion of nine posters on a page and the solid red background became very tiresome and monotonous; it must have had a similar effect upon others. This is the principal reason for opening up the pages by using only six poster miniatures to the page and breaking up the monotony of the background with a change of design. You must have noticed, too. that this new section includes full color reproductions of four of the general posters. By preparing the drawings for these posters for reproduction in the three process colors--red. yellow and blue--we have been able to work out a plan whereby they can be reproduced in full color miniatures at the minimum of expense. This, by the way. is tire first time in the history of the Council that posters have been reproduced in miniature in the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS in the colors that are used in the full size posters, a departure which, it is hoped, may be expanded some day to in clude all of the posters. When selecting your posters for the mouth, be sure to include a sufficient supply of the new three color ones to give them a fair trial on your bulletin boards. Be Thrifty With Your Time Those who accomplish mest are the planners and diplomats. The things they have to do with their own hands BECAUSE safety is such a big sub ject with so many ramifications, are accomplished with the least effort and with the minimum waste of time, it is not unusual for an industrial and they use diplomacy to get others safety man to feel conscious of the to do things for them. weight of his problems. By no means Because of the diversity of his the smallest of these is how to find work, a safety man must be even more the time to cover all the territory and of a planner than one engaged in do all the things the job requires. routine work. If he is wise, he will It has been well said that when a not only get others to lend a hand by man builds up his own personal effi using diplomacy and persuasion but ciency to a maximum point, the only he will also be constantly on the look way he can increase his capacity for out for services and products that will work is to get assistance, but few men work for him. ever reach the maximum in personal Among the available services are efficiency. the National Safety Council's posters 42 -- silent but persuasive workers for safety. A well organized program of poster displays on attractive and strategically located bulletin boards will do more effective safety educa tional work and reach more people per unit of time spent than could ever be accomplished in a like amount of time by personal contact work. Be thrifty with your time by mak ing good use of this and other services. They will enable you to do more in these busy days. A Safety Man's Poster Philosophy I'LL put the bulletin boards where everyone can see them without having to walk out of his way. I'll make each display so good look ing and interesting that no one will go bv without stopping to take a look. I'll set an example for my people by keeping both the bulletin boards and displays spic and span. I'll change the displays often so they will not become stale. I'll not prepare my poster displays so they will only preach safety. I'll make them newsy. I'll use them to broadcast local happenings. I'll capitalize on every important accident and near-accident by prepar ing special displays about them. If any of my displays fail to do what I want them to do. I'll find out why. - - - And I'll bet my safety bul letin boards will be the talk of the town. Electrotypes of miniature cartoons appearing on the following pages may lie purchased from (National Safety Council for 82 each. Minia tures of three-color posters are not available. National Safety Notes, February, 1921 *mss& NATIONAL *S4 6 S A F tTY COUNCIL imtw* 4 u:f NATION It Safely in is ree -OIL SPILL DANGEROUX ffl ,Wt. t-j Areyou getli A TUB AND XAH MAKE ST i A . I tj N 'mm' ttatt'liKlw SAFE E$$MO U N t I l r. a > i u s A . <anH tali tarbn t unit One Accident May be One Too many It might be iiiti your last 1 *r ,rv'i Uli U N < It UjeM inchwt 4 i*. 5Mii3^.&Er '''" '"' ' ,1. :-: ipswsndl mottmpttak ff She JHMfers ac* T .. t*a*uWrjj^i grr*M]]t., tthlw# rme*"*** *orf tth*t* will lose IhINhw* In w Itoltatv tannf* NMMPB EmrnmmiSjg:,, w>?ft `WIJ imhf' i umt watch oBt/ - *>*12 inth THE MAN WHO'S WISE ^*1? tnOtr" I im<t If you have a lapse of thought you may find yourself in danger before you realize it H At o n A I ft r t council * guards HIS EyES N AT O N A i 45 Help make your hours at work as heatlKFul as those you spend off duty, f. Keep your workplace clean and orderly. 2. Help keep our wash and toiletrooms clean. 3. IF you must spit, use the proper receptacles. NATIONAL VAft F ' O N C. t j tittle strait even on attention To# ^ SAFETY COUNCI "V"V"" 'l'4lpp S^Utti^VftjWt"' SAFETY must keep pace with PRODUCTION Increased Production calls for Increased SAFETY CAUSE MANY BAD FALLS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL M7) 9*m techrs I Will REMEMBER YOU HAVE TO HEAR FOR THE VEHICLE YOU DRIVE it has no brains NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL bulletin board Hell located, spt, and upon which the djfe are changed every day or two ~ moie good thun a dozen placed promiscuously an 1 to grow rtale. , ,, iiif" 17 OTMPPING Lash old pole to new one and work from new pole ll 1 WEAR SAFETY SHOES iLaLJaiTM., ; baS32""` * p i: r y eou ncii i unit NATIONA SAFETY ms fjtlf Indui COUNCIL I Unil Whatever YouLeft FIRM HOLD 4 DROPPEDl0AD MAV BE A KNOCK-OUT DROP FOR YOU NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Never depent _ on theother fellow-- DRIVE SAFELY YOURSELF NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SAFE ANGLESLADDER NATIONAL THE best angle at which to place a ladder is that in ; which the distance B is approximately %h of A. In other words, a IS foot ladder should be placed so that the bottom of it is 3 feet away from the wall or object it is leaning against. SAFETY COUNCIL . KEEP OUT FROM UNDER LOADS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL make multh CONSTRUCTION JOB The few minutes used to put up a guard, rail may save a life riONAi SAFETY COUNCIL An easy way to lose a finger hand or arm-or maybe your lifejsto reach into moving machinery to clean oil or adjust it. ALWAYS STOP THE MACHINERY FIRST] NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT GAS WELDING CYLINDERS 1* NIStIwW.WpMaraiqctuowyt*tataoctbojaawpfarapmrrtamrIca. tictm l 1 Nva aflaw aiyfan to eM to canted wMb 4 ). Alwayi Mar to m( nhr to eni by lb*W at "ttr" ar ptctaiplyairwmomm*"-.jaDt.a" 4 Nairrrfatrr pvHmtvamiyttylGtntoabarwtbtmriiitUortadtftaoct twa.wpnwiJ 5, NcUtvtrtirn*wdmMpratjruarfal Iftemt*. an aay$an Mpply far 6, Nrrtc um qrlk^w* * tofltn at to rapport warit. 7, 0cy*tlaMdwt tewwhpaat*,"kb Mtoy 4toca a* cyfWta ar ( Da nto bwf blawpipM fratt tha rtpihtow to* tedtad to cytWito. 9, Nrrar oipt to bandar ja fea* ana cyilndtr 10, Nt*ar totempa to atto toa $*** 1" ana cyllndit. 11. Draanntod*IttocybtitnodUw.if Ml an atnAwrtli ntontoh NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL .* HU incite* l unit Il2l4lilis81li...... "' .,................. _....... ^... I'V" 1 m'H''TM'A' 'M' \ A;;\ -'W \CUTS FALLS ON STAIRS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SI97 (ttlacfett' I ht*i* TfoTHREE MAIN (AUSESof e HIRE'S HOW' ACCIDENTS THE ANGIE OF A SLING ALTERS r: ITS SAFE CARRYING CAPACITY MMR IDIDNT A:/-sol THINK iOOO lbs 707 lbs I DIDNT SEE ^Ax30" NATION- I DIDNT KNOW iUNCIL 500 lbs TL I N A i COUNCIL 48 Your Choice healthi| happi| and phiiskallii r fit OR- disabled,per- ; i. haps depend- i!. ent thru qour t wm own carelessness , i! . JO j< pKSSSSS /*?* 2&& ^ da Ve * u ^ ^etE' do*'1 ao a |eVv yo. asV s>n^at" yO"1 LEAVE NON-STOP TLIGHtS To AVIATORS Walk down stairs SOME LIVE TO ENJOY OLD AGE whik miseftr THINK A SMALL CUT OR SCRATCH WONT AMOUNT fo ANYTHING NATIONAL i A f C T V COUNCIL NATIONAL v. A t t T Y U N C t L 49 YOU KNOW WHY tfION A L S F r 7 YOUR LIFE AND YOUR JOB AREAT STAKE WHEN YOU VIOLATE THE SAFETY I ufS JJI0I1, dtcfOin w4' .< ** *\ \ MAtl o N * |, \\^'srr.n^\\ ` i** <v .* f r r v ; o u n e t M7 9*1 ' ii ht I --i... uSS8^~^ _ __ MATERIALS PILED CARELESSLY ARE NOT safe:/ 5STO51& " NATION* t Isei , A F e T V O U N I ' |"jjjjTM)jj -______ _M t? Mit ineh*i I ttfcit PQ IOne man can't do it trtdftAiji 'N `1L 1 umST * 1V* ALL OF U working -.o^ethei can i STOP "accidents L-- Mam 1 tmJt Sntional SflfWv \vus, b t'bruarx, A. Compilation of information that will save you time and money EMBERS who have not yet familiarized M themselves with the Safe Practices Pam phlets offered by the Council will be interested in the following member's comment: "I have not realized until this morning the wealth of practical, constructive material contained in the `Safe Practices Pamphlets.' I have just spent a couple of hours looking through my recently acquired volume and I am mentally kicking myself for not having utilized more of these pamphlets as educa tional material for our key men." Each pamphlet is a treatise on some important phase of industrial safety and contains just the kind of reference data you need to find the answer to many of the perplexing accident prob lems with which you are confronted in your safety work! A complete list of over 150 pamphlets issued to date will be sent upon request. The com plete set of General Safe Practices Pamphlets is obtainable at $12.00 f.o.b. Chicago and includes new and revised pamphlets as issued. Available only to members. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 20 N. Wacker Drive CHICAGO, ILL. 51 More Cleveland Plants in 1936 Safety Campaign WITH 1,448 firms participating, I, 307,535 hours without accidents. the Sixth Annual Greater This piant has now won first place in Cleveland Industrial Safety Camfour of the six annual six-month safe paign set a new record in number of ty campaigns. companies enrolled, number of em The following concerns, each of ployees participating, and man-hours which had a monthly employment of of exposure. The first of these cam more than 200 during the campaign, paigns, which was held in 1931, had finished behind the grand prize win an enrollment of 370 companies. ner in the following order: The six campaigns have been spon sored by the Division of Safety and Hygiene of the Industrial Commission of Ohio and the Cleveland Safety Council in cooperation with The Cleveland News. The Cleveland News awards annually a beautiful 2. General Electric Co., Emiid Lamp Works. 5, Friedman Blau Father O', r. Central National Bank of Cleveland. General Electric Co., Cleveland Equip ment Works. 6, Stone Knitting Mills Co. 7. General Electric Co., Cleveland Lamp cast bronze plaque as a grand prize award to the company going through the entire campaign with the best record among all firms participating. Works. 8. The National City Bank of Cleveland. ", Interstate Motor Freight System. 10. The Chandler and Rudd Co, II. General Electric Co,, Cleveland Welds The trophy remains the permanent possession of the company. This year, as an innovation, all participat ing firms were divided into the fol lowing groups of employment: 1 to Works. 12. General Electric Co., Lamp Develop ment Laboratory and Nela Lamp Works, i 3. National Carbon Co., Inc., Brush and Printing Division. 14. M. and N. Cigar Manufacturing Co. SO; 50 to 200; 200 to 500; S00 to 1,300; over 1,300. The company having the best record in each of the 11, The Forrest Garment Company. 16. American Telephone and Telegraph Co. 17. Cleveland Shopping News Co. five classifications will receive a sec Table 1 gives a comparative sta ondary grand prize award. tistical analysis of the six campaigns. The News grand prize award for It will be noted that there was a 1936 goes to the National Carbon marked increase in severity in 1936, Company, Inc. (Edgewater Divi the rate exceeding only that of 1931. sion), which went through the entire This was due largely to the fact that campaign without a single disabling this year, for the first time, ail broken injury' while working a total of bone cases were charged at the rate 1,664,748 man-hours with an average of four points per accident, even monthly employment of 1,647 work though there may have been no actual ers. This same division of the Na loss of time. In all previous cam tional C'arbon Company also won the paigns one or two points were charged News award in 1935 with a record of for a broken bone where it involved A11 M3 NO. 1 i:t2 jo:m inns mw Total Number Firms Enrolled , ,.,........ Ave. .Monthly Employment Total Man-Hour Exposure ............ ...01 'T Firms Without Accidents .............................. Man-hour Exposure Per Accident ........................ Total Number of Accidents ....................... Accident Frequency per Million Hours ............. Total Points Eharqed for Accidents ................... .. Nevf'ritv ............................... ;;:o 81,7101 ! ut2^ 55,037 ! ,055 tft.tttt :? gut ,02005 r,82 55,012 :to 107,001 713 127,580 1,117 18.180 t,i 18 170,500 0 11,217 71.005,055 1112,572,508 153,200,081 10 1,370,580 50.8 trj, 5fl,0rf 00,19*1 5K,02r` 77,2(15 ::t,noo 08,800 81,050 71,250 1,177 085 1,021 1,821 2-727 12.0:i t i. 15 M.K!) 14.03 t .053 ,021.it ,07 1 512:1:11 :u: ,02100 2,002 .01017 5,22 1 =02080 *1 otr-u. .1. 0 -- ill Mi.ers t itHhiin (iurttion. lost time. The records show a total of 304 fractures. The inclusion of these cases also caused a noticeable increase in the frequency, although the rate of 14.03 is still better than that for the years 1931 and 1934. In rating the contestants, the fol lowing points were charged for in juries: from one to seven days lost time, 1; over seven days lost time, 2; broken bones, 4; loss of member or permanent impairment, 6; death or permanent total disability, 10. The rating for each company was the number of points charged multiplied by 100 and divided by the number of man-hours worked. The severity rating for each group was also de termined in this manner. While this does not give a true severity, due to the inability to obtain the actual number of days lost per accident, it was considered an equitable plan of rating. During the campaign there were 2,727 accidents reported, with 1,308 causing loss of time from one to seven days; 1,110 causing loss of time of more than seven days; 304 causing broken bones; 90 causing amputation or permanent dismemberment; and 15 resulting in death or permanent total disability. A large number of safety surveys were made by engineers furnished by the Division of Safety and Hygiene, who in visiting these plants not only pointed out the necessity for guarding machinery and equipment and the correction of hazards, but also in many instances inaugurated shop safety programs and attended many of the safety meetings. In addition to this the campaign sponsors fur nished more than 30.000 posters for display on bulletin boards and 75,000 safety pamphlets for individual dis tribution to supervisors, foremen, key men. superintendents and executives. As a special feature a general shop safety rule book was printed and dis tributed anions; all participating com panies. Thomas P. Kearns, Superintendent of the Division of Safety and Hy giene, served as campaign chairman, with H. M. Schnerer. of the Division's staff, as campaign field secretary, and Carl L. Smith, Managing Director of the Cleveland Safety Council, as campaign secretary'. The support of the various group chairmen was gen erously given, and splendid coopera tion was received from the employers who participated. Wrwfl/ S'lfr-y \ews, Fobrwtry, 29,'C The <r-E Light Meter ran he an important tool in reducing accidents in your plant. For example, in machine tool plants like this employees ran teork more safely and do better, more efficient teork tinder the foutcamlles of light prodded than under the 5 or 10 so commonly used. here are many ways in which correct "measured lighting" can benefit T your factory. Outstanding is the fact that better lighting--based on the Science of Seeing- can reduce the number of accidents because it enables employees to see faster, more accurately, and more easih . 11 not only saves eves and reduces fatigue but also makes for greater efficiency, fewer errors, and less spoilage. Today it is easy to tell whether your shop or factory meets modern safe seeing standards. With a General F.leclrie Light Meter, you and vour shop foreman and plant superintendents can measure the lighting ac curately. You can tell how much light is being received and what the minimum required footcandlea should he for specific seeing* tasks. USE THE G-E LIGHT METER TO MEASURE YOUR LIGHTING With a G-L Light Meter you can check Light ing maintenance am time. It shows you the amount of light under which visual tasks are hone. Get one today. Only SI 1.50, W rite to General F.leclrie Company. Dept. 166. Nela Park. Cleveland. Ohio for a free copy of the illustrated booklet, "Special Lighting Appli cations for Industrial Processes." GENERAL ELECTRIC MAZDA LAMPS Rational Safety Rena, February, /937 53 SAFETY LIBRARY By MARY M. WELLS, Librarian, N.S.C. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Athletics Safety in Athletics. The Prevention and Treatment of Athletic injuries. By Frank S. LloyT George G. Deaver and Floyd R. Eastwood. Published by W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1936. Price $3.25. (Book.) This book is based upon a nation wide survey of school and college athletic injuries. The authors first provide a background of important information regarding the relative hazards of various sports, those in juries common to each one, and their causes. Then they follow with recom mendations for instituting safety con trols that will eliminate a large per cent of all athletic injuries. The final division of the book is devoted to the treatment of athletic injuries. Child Safety Safety in Pupil Transportation. Published by the Research Division of the National Education Association, 1201 Six teenth St., N.W., Washington, D, C, 1936. (Research Bulletin, Vol. XIV, No. 5, No vember, 1936. (Pamphlet.) This publication directs attention to some of the possible causes of pupil injury associated with school bus operation. It suggests numerous safe guards and safety precautions which have proved effective in eliminating school bus accidents and indicates some of the common qualities which characterize safe drivers. It also calls attention to safe operation practices and to a number of administrative procedures having vital safety impli cations. Child Education Safety Throit.h the Year. By Flor ence- Nelson and H. Louise Cottrell. Pub lished by the McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330 VC'. 2nd St., New York City. Price 12c, This is an entirely new type of book that provides a complete one year course in safety education for the intermediate grades. Designed for use by the pupil, it also furnishes safety information for the teacher and provides activities carefully planned to develop safety consciousness and proper attitudes. Most of these ac tivities have been selected from pro jects that have actually been put into practice in the class room. An exceptionally valuable feature of this book is that methods are in corporated to assist the teacher in de termining the safety habits and atti tudes of each pupil and to observe the benefit that each child is receiving as the course progresses. The book is composed of ten units covering all phases of safety which are of concern to school children. These are planned for flexibility so that they can be presented independ ently in adaptation to local needs. Each unit may be used for regular safety education periods or correlated with various subjects of the curricu lum. Illustrations supplement the text with valuable information, and simple questionnaires and charts help the pupil to grasp the personal signific ance of the need for safety. Raymond 0. Ross Industrial Relations What Employers Are Doing for Em ployees. A survey of voluntary activities for improvement of working conditions in American business concerns. Published bv the National Industrial Conference Board, Inc., 217 Park Ave., New York City. Price $2. Lack of public understanding and appreciation of the accomplishment of industrial management in increas ing economic prosperity and improv ing the living and working conditions of the American people is given as the reason for preparing this brochure. The booklet indicates that the en tire history of industrial relations in this country shows a steadily increas ing consideration of the worker. In the beginning a few companies found various ways to make working condi tions better, and gradually the idea spread to its present day extent. To quote the authors, "Humanitarian motives played their part in the growth of these personnel activities." The National Industrial Confer ence Board has undertaken to deter mine what personnel activities are be ing carried on by American indus trialists. Information was solicited from concerns in all fields of activity. Replies were received from 2,452 establishments employing 4,502,608persons. The well-being of employees de pends on both wages received and satisfactory working conditions. Wages are not included in this study. Personnel activities undertaken by employees are grouped under various heads, including collective bargain ing, economic security, financial in centives, thrift and investment, train ing and education, medical work, safety and plant conveniences, rest periods and recreation, and systema tic evaluation of employees' work. The booklet contains a large number of charts in which these activities are fairly well subdivided and classified according to industries. There are 70 pages of material, paper bound. The data will appeal to those particularly interested in employer-employee relations. Edward R. Granniss Public Safety ' The Driver. Published by the American Automobile Association, Washington, D.C., 1936, pamphlet. This pamphlet represents the first of a series of six text-books on traffic, safety and driving. Released as the "Sportsmanlike Driving Series," they are designed to instruct drivers in the more skillful and safe operation of the motor vehicle. The following subjects are to be covered: (1) The Driver: (2)Driver and Pedestrian Responsibilities: (3) The Automobile and how to Drive It: 54 National Safety News, February, 1937 Stonehouse FOLD-AWAY Tripod and Signs This Stonehouse unit is simple in construction, easily operated, readily portable and can be depended upon to provide the clear forceful warning needed to guide traffic and to prevent costly accidents. Each tripod is equipped with 2 red flags. The signs are of 26 gauge steel with baked flexible enamel finish. Many different wordings carried in stock. The Stonehouse FOLD-AWAY Tripod and Signs are used extensively by many industrial companies and municipalities. Send today for complete details. PSigns since 1863" SIGNS. INC. ^ MANUFACTURERS 842 Larimer St. Denver, Colorado FOR THE ASKING AND IT MAY SAVE YOU HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS IN FLOOR MAINTENANCE COSTS The following types of floors are included in this booklet: PAINTED WOOD UNOL EUM CEMENT, CONCRETE OR C ORK RUBBER TILE OR RUBBE ROID MAGNESITE OR HARD MASTIC SOFT ASPHALT COMPOSITION OR SOFT MASTIC TILE PAINTED OR VARNISHED SURFACE TERRAZZO MARBLE FAIENCE TILE SLATE OR QUARRY GARAGE FLOORS WASHROOM FLOORS CELLAR FLOORS GYMNASIUM, ARMORY OR DANCE FLOORS WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY DEPT. E, 42-16 BARN ST., LONG ISLAND CITY, NEW YORK Branches in 55 Principal Cities i LARGEST ORGANIZATION OF ITS KIND IN THE WORLD WB National Safety News, February, 1937  On line construction-- it) the hands of eleetrioimia--where danger is an accepted part of ihe day's work--Public Utilities everywhere safeguard their men with the best in equipment. Pliers--Climbers--Safety Straps and Belts--Grips--all carry the Klein trademark. '`Since 1857" the name Klein on linemen's equipment has stood for the finest in quality. When life's at stake there can be no compromise with safety. That's why, invariably, the . safety, engineerdemands Kleins. SENT FREE ON REQUEST . Safety for the Hole Climber. . : ;. men'* Belts *nd Sxfctf.. Mrajm. r .. ' The Safety Kartor on : Uneme;tvB Leather yiicvGoOida.^..:;''.4 v PooLel/Tool Guide. DJtSTRUUTTFO IHBOUGll JOBBERS Mathias EiyiSo 73*00 BELMONT AVENUE. CHICAGO, ILL. 56 (4) How Accidents are Caused. The Highway; IS) Rules of the Road, Tests and Examinations; (6) High way Traffic--Its Development and Problems. The material in "The Driver" has been presented in seven chapters and represents the composite effort and counsel of a number of qualified specialists. In answering questions such as "How shall we prepare for skillful driving?" and "What do we need to know as a basis for driving well?" the authors have attempted to provide the reader with a better un derstanding of the problem. An abundance of illustrative material has been included to hold the interest of the reader. The rather technical topics have generally been handled in a highly popularized and under standable manner. James G. Hayden Health Hazards Summary of State Reports of Occu pational Diseases, with a Survey of Pre ventive Legislation, 1933 to 1934. By M. T. Mettert. Published by the U. S. Women's Bureau, 1936. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, Price !0c. (Bulletin No. 147.) (Pamphlet.) Machine Shops Machine Shops. Revised. Published by the National Safety Council, tnc., 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, HI., 1936. Price 23c. (Safe Practice No. 39.) (Pamphlet.) Traffic Motor Vehiclf Speeds on Connecti cut Highways. By C. j. Tildcn. Assisted by D. L. Morris. T. M. C Martin and E. \V. Russell. Published by The Committee nn Transportation, Yale University, 19'6. (Pamphlet.) "This study, made jointly by the committee on Transportation of Vale University, The Connecticut State Highway Department and the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads, is believed to be the first large scale accurate study of speeds at which motor vehicles move under a variety of conditions on typical highways. .Many of the sta tions at which the studies were made were located very close to cities.'' PERIODICALS Commercial Vehicles Ten Hints cm [educating 'four Drivers. By H. .1. Mincur. In Said). December, 1936. p. 6S, "1. Health Hazards Cuhon Monoxide Pinson in Ibc Hut In dustry. Bv M. R. Mulcts, in 'fork Department ot Labor, Industrial Bulletin, December, I9i6, p. 413-414. Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. Outline of a Successful Treatment. By Dr. G. G. Davis. In Industrial Medicine, January, 1937, p. 24-29. ' Occupational Disease Legislation in the United States, 1936. In U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, November, 1936, p. 1096-1101. Pathology of the Pneumoconiosis. Sili cosis; Silicosis and Tuberculosis; Asbesto- as; Siderosis; Anthracosis. By Dr. O, Auer bach. In Industrial Medicine, January, 1937, p. 38-48. ' The Physiological Response of Peri toneal Tissue to Certain Industrial and Pure Mineral Dusts. By John W. Miller and R. R. Sayers. In U. S. Public Health Serv ice, Public Health Reports, December 4, 1936, p. 1677-1689. Iron and Steel Industry Injury Experience in tile Iron and Steel Industry, 1934 and 1933. in U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Monthly Labor Review, December, 1936, p. 1370-1384. The frequency and severity rates of injuries in the iron and steel in dustry decreased in 1935 from the 1934 levels in a period during which total man-hours worked increased, ac cording to reports received by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from 1,926 departments of identical firms. The frequency rate declined from 19.42 to 17.14, and the severity rate from 2.42 to 2.11. although the total man hours worked increased by 17 per cent. Physical Examinations Pre-Employment Examinations, A Digest of the First Thousand ot a Senes. By Dr. M. H. Barsky and Dr. j. Woolff. In Indus trial Medicine. January. 193. p. iy-j;., Psychology The Neglect ot the Human Factor in the Prevention of Industrial Accidents. By Dr. H. M. Vernon. In International Labour Office, luhnutionM Labour lu-riuc, Decem ber. p. 7"2-7Sl. Dr. Vernon shows that workers who are particularly liable to incur accidents in some specific occupation could usefully be transferred to an other in which there is less scope for their unfortunate proclivity. He also stresses the value of safety organiza tions; he expresses the opinion, which he supports by data, that systematic and well-applied safety instructions can achieve useful results by training the workers in methods of accident prevention and by promoting the de velopment of semi-automatic habits adapted to that end as well as of con scious efforts. National Safety News, February. 193 d&luuL amt CbiAwoJmL STEEL TAPE LINES Question: Is the use of steel tape lines by line crews permissible? If so, under what circumstances? Are construction crews per mitted to use steel tapes in plants or out door substations where any part or all of the adjacent equipment is energized? if so, what regulations govern such use? What are the objections regarding the accuracy of I measurements with approved linen tape lines? When linen tapes are used, should they be tested frit conductivity and stamped "Approved" before being issued to line or other crews engaged in electrical work? Answer: It is general practice among utility companies to forbid the use of steel tape lines or metallic woven tapes by over head line crews. An exception is made in the case of tower erection, when steel tapes are used for setting templates or for other exact measurements, and surveyors' chains are used in setting toweis. At this time, however, there are no live circuits on these towers. Because of the greater resistance to wear, steel tape or metal woven tape lines are gen erally used for ground work, such as staking, pole setting, and lining up ma chinery and equipment. When absolutely accurate measurements :(ie icquired near energized equipment, the power is shut off. or, if this cannot be done, the work is done by foremen or specially designated employees who fully realize the existing hazard. The preponderance of opinion is that ap proved linen tape lines are very accurate and nan be used for most types of work. Al though some companies feel that the accu racy of linen tape varies according to hu midity and temperature, others report that both types have been used in wet snuw over a period of time and that at the end of the period the linen tape was found to be just as accurate as the metallic. There is also a difference of opinion re garding the value of the test for conductivity on linen tapes and on stamping the tapes Approved" before issuing them to crews, Siinie members appprove of the tests; others purchase tapes according to definite require ments from selected manufacturers and feel that tests are not necessary, t ine member feels that the tests might be dangerous, be cause they provide an opportunity for the tape to become damp and thus act as a live conductor, water, dilute alkalis or acids, it should be washed off the skin with large quantities of organic solvents, such as alcohol or ether. After the chloropicrin has been thoroughly removed in this way, bland ointments and oil dressing should be applied to the skin. However, in an accident of this nature, far greater danger would result from injury to the lungs, caused by inhalation of the vapors. These are similar in nature to the vapors produced by phosgene and the oxides of nitrogen vapors. The proper treatment is to remove the patient immediately to fresh air, remove all garments which may be con taminated with the poison, and give the patient absolute rest. The pain in the respiratory tract may be alleviated by the inhalation of a line mist prepared from a J per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate; in addition barbiturates may be given to alleviate the pain. Neither morphine nor atropine should be given. _ If respiration becomes weak, oxygen should be given. As soon as the first signs of pulmonary edema develop, blood should be let from the vein up to 500 or 1,000 cubic centimeters. This may be followed by intravenous injection of 10 c.c. of a 20 per cent sterile solution of dextrose. Even if the patient should feel no dis comfort immediately after the accident, it is vital that he have absolute rest for at least >18 hours. This means that he should not be allowed to move about, nor even to un dress himself. CHLOROPICRIN Question: What should he done in case a cylinder of chloropicrin should burst and spray oil the skin? Answer: Because chloropicrin will blister and burn the skin, the material should he removed as rapidly as possible. Since chloropicrin is vert- hard to dissolve in water and cannot he decomposed hy j National Safety Aetvs, February, 193? Inland Steel Company 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois si i What's in a Name? This Contest Showed Them RAIL CLAMPS PROVIDE SAFE CONDITIONS Eliminates the dangerous practice of placing blocks of wood under the car wheel for bracing. Recommended as the surest and safest possible stop for use on run ways in repairing a crane, on load ing platforms, temporary sidings, car stops, on air ferries, under tipples, and for cars on grades. Rigidly constructed of open hearth annealed cast steel, tool steel key. Made to fit any rail from 40 to 110 pounds. Easily and quickly removed Guaranteed against breakage Used and recommended by lead ing steel companies, manufacturing plants, mines, grain elevators, ce ment plants and quarries. Style A--SI5.00 Each Our Engineering Department will design clamps to meet special track conditions. Let us have your oper ating problem and we will make recommendations. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W. Somerset St. Philadelphia/ Pa. i What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. At least, that's what Shakespeare thought. However. Mrs. Elizabeth Frances Townsend, 2927- 24th Ave, Moline, 111., found that a name might contain plenty of things that a christening clergyman never dreamed of. By re arranging the letters in her name to form the sentence, "Be sincere and honest," Mrs. Townsend won the first prize of $20 in the December, 1936, Safety Calendar Contest of the Na tional Safety Council. Mrs. Town send received a calendar from the John Deere Plow Works, Moline. Charles Howard Melville, 206 Laurel Ave., Bellevue, Pa., who won the second prize of $10. found his name in complete accord with the sentiments of General Sherman, who contended that "War is hell." Mr. Melville received a calendar from the Pittsburgh Railways Company. Miss Elizabeth Ann Moyer, 269 New York Ave., Oshkosh, Wis.. found in her name the sentiment. "I hate lazy men." For this sentence she re ceived the third prize of $5. Miss Moyer obtained a safety calendar from the Deltox Rug Co.. Oshkosh. The requirements of the contest, the only one of the year which was not hinged on a safety theme, were sim ply that contestants rearrange the let ters of their names to form a sentence. Awards were made purely on the basis of the ingenuity shown by the con testants in transforming the letters to form a coherent thought. Winners of the fifteen one dollar prizes were: George Edward Find, 214 Staumi Ave,, Pittsburgh, Pa. Calendar from the Jones uml Laughlin Steel Corp. Winning sen tence, "A fried egg for Edwin." Calvin Nicholas Marshall, 1201 N. 19th Street, Richmond. Va. Calendar from the du Pont Rayon Co. "Call no man a liar." Robert William Barclay, 3114 Bancroft St., San Diego, Calif. Calendar from the San Diego Consolidated Gas and Electric Co. ' E am it! Clara Bow Bell." Miss Alice Eleanor Holtenbach, Saegersvillc. Pa. Calendar from the lehigh Port land Cement Co,, Allentown. "Hello! A nice, lean bachelor,'' Miss Ruth Marie Entort, 309 Orchard St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Calendar from the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. "I am the terror." Alfred Ernest Rainer, 36 "A" Street, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Calendar from the Hooker Electrochemical Co. "I need a real rest." George Washington Docterman, Box 1094, Ziegler, 111. Calendar from the Bell Si Zoller Coal and Mining Corp. "He can send it to me now." Charles Edward Earhart, 3323 Procter St., Port Arthur, Texas. Calendar from the Texas Co. 1 Hard hearts declare war." Miss Edith Howard Boydcn, 200 Blue Hills Parkway, Milton, Mass. Calendar from the Boston Elevated Railway. "Did the boy drown?" Miss Theresa Louisa Kridle, 2I2*-> Jen nings Ave., Scottdale, Pa. Calendar from the Warrick Coal Co. "Sue killed a rat." Miss Della Elaine Muir. 711 West Main St., Lead, S. D. Calendar from the Homestake Mining Co. ' I'm a liar." Miss Annie Gladys Pickett, 3821 Clark Ave., Fort Worth, Texas. Calendar from the Texas Electric Service. "I play deck tennis." Alonzo Weinstein Davis, Forest, Va. Calendar from the Appalachian Electric Power Co. I'd love to win." Miss Christina Marie Dragone, 1024 Al hambra Ave,, Martinez, Calif. Calendar from the Hercules Powder Co., Inc. "I adore Christ in a manger." Mrs. Caroline Rees Smith, Shoemakersville. Pa, Calendar from the Pennsylvania Manufacturers Association Casualty insur ance Co. "Christ is near me." The interest shown in this contest stamped it as one of the most success ful of the entire year. Many unusual entries were received, among them one in which a contestant whose name contained IS letters constructed S35 sentences. The contest judges included Dr. C, H. Watson, President, National Safe ty Council: Harry Guilbert, Director, Bureau of Safety and Compensation, The Pullman Co.; and Glenn F, Grif fin, Director, Bureau of Information, National Safety Council. The new contest series, based on the 1937 Safety Calendar and offering a larger award as first prize, is now in full swing. The February contest is a safety slogan competition. The most important requirement is that the slogans submitted by contestants be original. Plagiarism will cause en tries to lie ruled out immediately. A statement of 25 words or less must be written by the contestant, telling why he .selected the slogan submitted. 58 Xationaf Safety News, February, 1931 There is no limit to the number of slogans that may be entered, but a statement of this type should be sent with each. Contestants are reminded that en tries received before the first day of the contest month or after midnight of the last day of the contest month will not be considered. Slogans must contain not more than 12 words. All entries will be come the property of the National Safety Council. None will be re turned. Prize winners will be notified of their awards by mail, and their names will be published in the Na tional Safety News. Five Points 3. Help to maintain order and clean WE never set much stock in New Year's resolutions, but a list liness. 4. Wear clothing that is safe for the job. of five ways that everyone of us ca5n. Consider the safety of others--es fall in line during the 1937 campaign pecially new employees. for a better safety record attracted --Delco Doings our attention recently. Call them resolutions if you will-clip out these five rules for a happy new year: If a two-wheeled vehicle is a bi 1. Set a safe example for others to cycle, and a three wheeler is a tri follow. cycle, a one wheeler ought to be an 2. Don't let unsafe conditions and icicle. But it isn't--it's a wheel-bar injuries go unreported. row. Elaborate entries will be given no more consideration than any others. The contestant must mention the name of the firm from which he re ceived his Safety Calendar. The first prize in each contest will be $50 in cash, second prize will be $10, and third, $5. in addition 15 cash prizes of $1 each will be awarded every month. New Sound Picture Carries Driving Lesson AS a means of promoting safer driving among the drivers of their assureds, Bruce Dodson and Company, Kansas City. Mo., have developed a sound motion picture en titled "Hell Wouldn't Have Him," The plot carries Jake Thornton through a truck accident in which he is killed. Upon being hailed before the court of "Judge" Devil, all his careless acts on the highway are brought before him. He is informed that his brother "Buddy" is to be the next victim. Jake breaks away from the lower regions for the purpose of warning Buddy to cease his careless habits. The story then takes up the educa tion of Buddy along safety lines. Jake constantly at his side. After Buddy's conversion, Jake returns, only to be ejected by the devil for spoiling his business through teaching the value of carefulness. A happy ending brings about the realization that it was all a dream, but it makes Jake a real driver. This picture has been endorsed by many safety experts and has been shown before a number of meetings. When ever possible to do so, Bruce Dodson and Company will be glad to show it without charge. "Why make a big job doing floors?" you may hear some say. "A little soap and water ... or a little wax ... a mop or a brush ... that's all it takes." There is no greater fallacy in business than that. The result of hand mopping or polishing is an optical illusion. What seems to be a short cut turns out to be a detour. What is true of housekeeping in the home is equally true of house keeping in business. Electricity is the "easiest way." In the iong run it is also the cheapest way, as well as the speediest and best. You don't have to wait until you have a Finnell machine to prove the foregoing statement to your satis faction. We will gladly and without charge or obligation make a survey FINNELL of the floors in your building. By it, we can tell what you can save and how much better results you can get with a Finnell System. JUST SAY WHEN! Take the easiest way to let us know when our representative may call. Write, wire or phone. Let him inspect your floors and analyze your present methods. His report will tell you in easy-to-understand figures just what you can expect--and the figures may surprise you. Address FINNELL SYSTEM. INC., 2202 East Street, Elkhart, Ind. SYSTEM OF FLOOR MAINTENANCE Polishing Waxing Scrubbing Machines Floor Finishing Materials National Safety {Yens, February, 1937 39 Flaws in Metal (Continued from page ij) threads, scratches and rough surfaces, are all stress raisers and may reduce the safe working load from two to ten times and even more, depending on circumstances. These are external stress raisers, but the high power microscope shows that there are also internal stress raisers which influence the trend and propagation of a fatigue crack. In connection with this matter of stress raisers I have mentioned sharp cornered keyways in shafts as stress raisers of major importance. This condition is found frequently in ma chine design. It is questionable de sign to key one part to another as, for example, an elevator drum to its shaft. Certainly it would be wiser and safer whenever possible to find some other method of attachment, such as a forced fit. Under no circumstances should keyways have sharp corners. I have examined elevator machinery which through such faulty design has re sulted in loss of life and property. I have also examined the huge drivingshafts of ocean steamships which have similarly failed and bv so do ing have occasioned their owners, crews and passengers some distress ing moments. The term endurance limit appears in connection with discussions of fa tigue phenomena. The endurance limit of a metal and the safety factors to be applied under conditions en countered in practice are of import ance to engineers and designers of heavily loaded and fast moving ma chine equipment. RAILROAD MEN ENDORSE RAW-CORD SoleswHeels 'our men report that their raw-cord SOLESanoHEELS PREVENT SLIPPING ON ICE NOW OR OTHER SLIPPERY SURFACES. THEY DO NOT ABSORB MOISTURE AND WEAR MUCH LONGER THAN ORDINARY SOLES- To determine the endurance limit of a given metal, suitable specimens are subjected to reversed cycles of stress. This may be by clamping one end of a specimen securely and push ing the free end first in one direction and then in the other. For carrying out the test a very high stress may be applied to the first specimen which in all probability will soon develop a crack and fail at a relatively low num ber of operations. The stress and the number of reversals to failure are recorded. There are modifications of the method and there are fatigue test ing machines which are automatic i and do the job for us. Industrial Workers everywhere have learned that Shoes equipped with RAW-CORD Soles and Heels provide Safe Footing. The CORD-ON-END construction used only in RAW-CORD or GRO-CORD Soles and Heels gives the wearer a sure, firm grip on smooth or slippery surfaces. Avoid die hazard "of slipping" which according to reliable statistics is responsible for one accident out of every five. RAW-CORD Soles and Heels are used extensively in the following industries. Dairies, on Farms iron and Steel Foundries Railroad Shops Auto Factories Construction Work Gas and Electric Plants Ice and Fuel Stations Stone Quarries General Warehouses Street and Office Wear Your local shoe dealer carries them in stock. Buy a pair today. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima,0. Fully Protected by Patents "Any Infringements Will Be Prosecuted P N-SL1P ff L E S AND HEELS [ Each specimen of a group is tested > in turn with a diminishing increment i uf load. As a result a specimen will he encountered which will withstand , a given load indefinitely. This par ticular load is called the endurance limit. Many tests are run on the basis | of 10,000,000 reversed cycles of stress [ without failure. Usually it is assumed ! that if a specimen will withstand this number of reversed cycles of stress it will run indefinitely. The test data secured from a series of specimens enable one to plot a graph with unit stress as ordinates and millions of reversals as abscissae. This graph is called the S-N curve of the metal, and it discloses the endur ance limit and shows what may be expected from the metal under dift ferent intensities of stress. it has been found in practice that if the safe stress in a given part is raised suddenly to or above the en durance limit for a short time, a crack may develop. Following this, if a much lower value of loading is em ployed, experience teaches that the crack most likely will continue to de velop ami the piece will finally rup ture. This is believed to be due to the fact that the end of the crack is i>() National Safety News, February, 1937 rounded and is subject to high local concentration of stress. Fatigue cracks seem to be the re sult of progressive action. The action is entirely local. Apparently the grains are not deformed, and the metal along the crack appears to be identical with that far removed. COMING EVENTS Of interest to Safety Men March 3-4, Newark, N. J. Ha-stern Executives Safety Conference, i Essex House). Fred M. Rosscland, Sec retary-Manager, Newark Safety Council, 2! Branford Place, Newark, N. j. April 13-15, New Vork City Eighth Annua! Convention, Greater New York Safety Council. ( Hotel Astor.) Julien H. Harvey, executive vice-president. Greater New York Safety Council, 60 East t 'nd Street. New York City. April 19-20, Toronto, Ont. Industrial Accident Prevention Associa tions, Annual Convention. R. B, Morley, general manage!, 600 Bay Street, Toronto 2, Canada, " April 20-22, Columbus, O. All-Ohio Safety Congress, (Neil House.) Thomas P. Kearns, Supeimtendent, Divi sion of Safety and Hygiene, Industrial Com mission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. May 11-12, Roanoke, Va. Third Annual Virginia State-wide Safety Conference. (Hotel Roanoke.) Secretary', William M. Myers, managing director, Richmond Safety Council, :'Q Allison Bldg,, Richmond, Va. May 20, Erie, Pa. Northwestern Pennsylvania Safety Con ference. W. K, Dean. Secretary, Erie Safety Council. HU Ariel Bldg., Erie. Pa, June 3, La Crosse, Wis. Second Annual Upper Mississippi Valley Safety Conference, Secretary, W. K Oppernunii. c 'o La Crosse Vocational Schools, La Crnsse. NVis, Sept. 15-16, Portland, Me. State Safety Com fei cnee. (Eastland Hotel). Walter j. Brennan, Safety Engi neering Division, Department of Labor and Industry. Augusta, Me. October 11-15, Kansas City, Mo. National Safety Council. Twenty-sixth National Satctv (.uneu.-ss. 'X , H. Cameron, v-.m.uunc iii'-cN.in \\ acker Dnw. NATIOM-WlDI jKRVICE/ BULLARD NEW YORK B 0, Bullard c.rmtuuy 1775 Broadway Circle 7-5236 NEW YORK W. 8. Wilson Carp. 12.1 V trick st. WAlker 5-0300 PITTSBURGH Safety Hrtt BurN? Co, Brady Building Oourt 2C03 PHILADELPHIA J. A, Hunt Co, 2030 Rtnium t, Uinenli-Mur 2283 Bare 7675 BRAINTREE, MASS. inrc<*t Sties co. hi* President ltutd Hrtlnlrce i358\V DETROIT i*. U. Uncksun Corontmy *28*3 r,, Grand Bird. Trinity 2-V012 CHICAGO ij. it. Bullard Company 215 south l-rttrltt St. SITlcy 4118 GREEN BAY. WIS. safeiv Service On, iiife ,,\'o, Quincy M, DULUTH \V. I' & H s, Mart Co, 354 W. Michigan St, Melrose 7250 HOUSTON k ii. UuHar.l Company Mam Street I* CHATTANOOGA V: H, Uemer 2io0 Broad Street 0*2SS7 SAN FRANCISCO IT l'i Bullard Ct-miiaiu 2TT Eighth .street fXderhlll 5630 LOS ANGELES K. D JiuiUrd Company I22t> so. illire St. PUoiiwet 2413 SALT LAKE CITY M. II. BulUr.i i < mt>.iuv 5laiec*r-st Ael|\ land 1875 SEATTLE Sttndfeli Hntiipmcnf Co, 'ii-t C**t Are.. So, Mam 1474 Maintenance Costs Shattered by New Handling Method! Industrials report savings as high as 50% by stand ardizing on this simple, speedy, economical first aid service .... CYLINDRICAL "SPEED-KIT" SERVICE Duplicate roll-up refills col* lectcd for inspection and service at one central point. Used roll-ups replaced with refills instantly. Inspection and refill time cut to the bond Bullet type containers of rustproof aluminum keep weather and all foreign mat ter out. Size and shape makes this one type kit suitable for every location--indooroutdoor--*on mobile equip ment. See how this safety system can save time and money for you. Call the Bullard office nearest you, today. tplf"Vxt&tuil With He's Safe! The Wiesinan Safety Press Guard sweeps the operator's hand away if it is in danger with out interfering with his produc tive working movements. Low priced -- simple -- easily attached -- applicable on all makes and types of power presses - right or left hand sweep. Send for details-- prices. Wiesman Mfg. Co. 31 to 35 South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. Xational SflfV/v Actt.s, February, 1937 id PERSONALS Economical Responsibility ... It is the responsibility of every manufacturer to protect his employees against accidents as far as it is mechanically possible. . . . The hazards of unprotected machinery can be reduced to a minimum with H & K Guard Acces sories so economically, and thus effectively result ing in the added confidence of the workers. An added advantage is that your own men can readily assemble the guards in your own shop. Clark D. Bridges, who has been connected with safety work and oc cupational disease control for more than 12 years, has been named direc tor of the Workmen's Compensation Health and Safety Bureau of the Illinois Manufacturers Association. Mr. Bridges was engaged in general safety work with the General Acci dent Assurance Corporation for 10 years. During the latter part of this period his work also was concerned with occupational disease. Becoming associated with the Hartford Accident and Indemnity In surance Company, Mr. Bridges was engaged in occupational disease con trol work and special risk work for that company for 2/ years. Known as one of the best informed men in the Middle West on occupa tional diseases. Mr. Bridges will serve the Illinois Manufacturers Associa tion in an advisory capacity in rela tion to the new occupational disease act now effective in the state of Illi nois. His work will include study of methods of control of occupational diseases from the engineering and medical standpoints. All H & K Guard Accessaries are under inspec tion service of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Harrinqton & Kinq I Perforating I ^Co. 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK. X. Y. 5615 Fillmore St. CHICAGO. ILL. Soap, Grease, Gravel, Snow or lce!i V\V ' \v :W qet proof! order on approval SAFE-HI LADDER SHOE holds With best traction element for every surface, combined in a single unit, the SAFE-HI Ladder Shoe gives maximum PROTECTION against ladder-slipping. 9 oz. of indestructible safety and convenience. Fits any sized ladder. Listed hv Underwriters' Laboratories. $2.50 per pair, f.o.b. Denver or Chicago. `A jrif-tharpcning spike **Hminatrs cost and haz ard of depending on inspection and sharpening, ROSE MANUFACTURING CO., 2121 Welton, Denver, Colo. 546 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, III. 62 As the first step in a program to broaden the activities of the Ameri can Foundrymen's Association, the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors on December 4 elected C. E. Hoyt, for the past 18 years executive secretary-treasurer of the Association, to the position of exe cutive vice-president, a newly created office. At the same time Dan M. Avey, formerly vice-president and director of the Fenton Publishing Company. Cleveland, and Editor of The Foun dry, was elected secretary-treasurer. Mr. Hoyt has long been active in the work of the Association, first as a member of the Western Foundry- WANTED An experienced safety engineer trained in all phases of steel plant accident prevention. Mechanical en gineer preferred. Give full details of personal qualifications and experience. State salary expected. Address BOX 303, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. National Safety News. February, 193, men's Association, then as secretarytreasurer of the Chicago Foundry Foremen's Association. Later he was elected secretary-treasurer of the As sociated Foundry Foremen of Amer ica and subsequently secretary and manager of exhibits for the Foundry Supply Association and its successor, the Foundry and Machine Exhibition Company. Mr. Avey has long been identified with the work of the A. F. A. He has served as a chairman, member or representative on many important committees, and has held office as director in 1931 and 1932, vice-presi dent in 1933, and served two terms as president in 1934 and 1935. He has also been secretary of the Foun dry Equipment Manufacturers Asso ciation. Jack Dempster, editor of the News-Letter of the Cement Section, has been transferred from Plant No. 8 of the Canada Cement Company at Port Coiborne, Ontario, to the safety department at company headquarters in Montreal. A. E. Parker, chairman of the Transit Section, National Safety Council, and chairman of the Com mittee on Publicity and Merchandis ing of the Canadian Transit Associa tion, has been elected for a third term chairman of the Advisory' Traffic Commission of the City of Winnipeg. Mr. Parker is in charge of accident prevention work for the Winnipeg Electric Company. Obituary STEEL for PROTECTION THE dreadnaughts of the Navy are protected by 16 inches of steel plate--the feet that wear Lehigh Safety Shoes are protected by the im proved steel box toe, a first line of defense against foot injury. COMFORTABLE, attractive in appearance and long wearing quali ties, combine to induce workers to appreciate their value. THERE is a pattern available from stock to meet practically every in dustrial need. Please write for complete information. Nlhi -- Black Elk Blueher, Stock Tip, Double Chrome Leather Sole and Heel, E 5-13, im--Same as HOG, Except Sole Leather Tannage Tip, E r,-12. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC. ALLENTOWN, PEN N SYLVAN IA W. P. CONN Whitman' P. Conn, long active in the accident prevention field and in the work of the Contraction Section of the National Safety Council, died on Sunday, January 3. He was editor of The Constructor, official publica tion of the Associated General Con tractors of America. He was also Chairman of the Publicity Committee of the Construction Section, X.S.C. A strong and enthusiastic advocate of accident prevention, he devoted his editorial columns frequently to the advancement of this work. FERALUN Jfnti^Slip Treads Also Bronzahm, AlumalunS and Nicatun f PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond, assuring durability and anti slip efficiency. Specify Feralun and Be Sure American Abrasive Metals Co. IRVINGTON, NEW JERSEY Aatianal Safety .%'#>5, February, l(bl7 63 EXPERIENCE A Valuable Asset! For more than 25 years, the manufacturers of Old Hickory STEEL-GRIP Gloves and Safety Clothing have worked hand in hand with Safety Engineers and Purchas ing Agents in devising the correct type of safety equipment for pro tecting the life and the limb of employees. During this time, our held per sonnel has assembled a wealth of information upon thousands of body hazards. This valuable experi ence has been acquired right at the danger source. If you have an actual or poten tial hazard in your industrial processes, which properly designed and correctly made safety clothing will correct or ameliorate, why not write us concerning your problem? The chances are that our experi ence will prove a valuable asset to you .... and without one iota of obligation. LET US SERVE YOU! ,<f\ vA-x v;p- INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL. Chicago Detroit Newark /#Just Another Year!" (Continued from page 18) traffic safety speeches on a national net-work program. Continued co operation was given to the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety. A second study was made on fatigue due to driving commercial trucks excessively long hours, pub lished with the title "How Long on the Highway.'' Tens of thousands of copies of this new study have been distributed. Two other pamphlets distributed were: "The New War on Accidents" and "State and Commun ity Organization for Safety," to be followed by additional ones covering the public safety problem comprehen sively. Other engineering studies, as well as street and highway traffic surveys, have countinued, and repre sentatives of the Council have at tended dozens of meetings held by public officials and others on coopera tive programs. 6. The school safety program of the Council, still financed by the Na tional Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters, never made more prog ress than in 1936. One of the ex tended developments was in the field of training high school drivers. The monthly magazine, Safety Educa tion, with associated safety lesson outlines, achieved its largest monthly distribution. Contacts were main tained with the National Congress of Parents and Teachers and other co operative institutions. 7. The Community Safety Councils benefited by the recovery in business during 1936. and your national or ganization continued its services to these state and local councils by cor respondence. conferences, consoli dated reports, and personal visits and contacts. The annual conference of managers, a mid-summer confer ence. the monthly news-letter, the consolidated report of activities, and similar services were maintained. 8. Our Eastern Office, located in New York, was converted into the Greater Sew York Safety Council March 1. thus consummating a long planned and desired development. 9. The Annual Congress at Atlantic City, in which the State of New Jer sey assumed the leadership in a very significant manner, brought out an attendance that was the largest in the history of the safety movement. Eighteen Regional Safety Confer ences were consummated between the Louisville and Atlantic City Con gresses. Services were rendered to our Pacific Coast members through at tendance at the Annual Safety Con vention of the State of California in May, and at other meetings. In addi tion to these meetings, hundreds of speeches were made bv voluntary committeemen and members and by the staff during the year. 10. The income of the Council for 1936 increased about IS per cent over 1935, and thus permitted a consider able increase in definite activities. Every call for service was met promptly: every request for cooper ation was complied with. Requests for sample publications from many parts of the world were opportunities for service which the Council wel comed. The two volumes of printed Transactions of the New Jersey Congress were edited, printed and mailed a month earlier than usual. 11. There are just three outstand ing factors in the success of a national movement like that undertaken by the National Safety Council. The first is the lav-leadership; the second is a reasonable amount of money to pay expenses; and the third is effi cient and aggressive management. While the Council is dedicated to the highest ideals of public service, it also has all of the problems of a compli cated business. Enough is now known about the problem of safety to enable your Council to answer almost any important prevention problem, but many lives could be saved if money were available to multiply the ser vices that must be rendered to cut down the number of accidents. Our major committees know how difficult it is to spend our comparatively small income for the best interests of mem bers and still stretch a helping hand to many others unwilling or unable to pay their share of the expenses. In addition to the payment of dues by our industrial members, many have contributed small amounts during the year for our home and protection fund. This money will be spent di- 64 iNational Safety Sews, February, FJ'it rectly for this purpose and not for overhead. 12. Death took its toll of safety leaders during 1936; men whose pass ing will leave places difficult to fill in the front-line of accident prevention. Though the list is too long to give in full, these may be mentioned: Pastpresident Arthur T. Morey, P.W.A. Fitzsimmons, Albert C. Gibson, Charles E. Babcock, Ethelbert Stew art, Charles M. Anderson, Arthur Bergquist, and Elmer J. Smith. Members of the Council know that much more could be accomplished in safety if the Council had more ade quate financial support. At the same time we must always realize that the priceless resources of the organization are the good will, the services, the enterprise and the capacity of its members and cooperators. Accidents are unnecessary, their cost is beyond computation, but they can be stopped when employers, employees and the public make up-their minds to do the necessary things--to apply the pat tern of prevention so laboriously de veloped over these twenty-four years. Safe Drivers Show Good Judgment Accident-free drivers have good records because they use good judgment. Here are the experi ences of two men who have good safety records. The motorman of a street car slowed down as he approached a line of parked machines. Suddenly one of them pulled out directly in front of him. He was able to stop in time to avoid a collision. When asked why he slowed down he replied, "I saw white smoke coming out of the ex haust of that automobile. That told me the driver had his foot on the gas and might do the wrong thing so I was prepared for it." A driver approaching a cross street slowed down for no apparent cause. As he reached the corner, a large truck pulled out of the street at high speed directly in front of him. When asked why he slowed down, he said, "Didn't you see that pedestrian on the crosswalk jump ahead to reach the curb? I did. That told me there must be a vehicle approaching." That's good judgment. --Steel Columns KllOW THE ACTUAL DUST CONDITIONS IN YOUR PLANT Safeguard your company from the dangers of unknown dust conditions in your plant by making an accurate study of the problem. The B & L Dust Counter not only provides you with an easy, accurate, and dependable means for measuring the dust concentration in your plant but it furnishes you with a permanent record for future reference. Designed in collaboration with and at the request of one of the leading insur ance companies, this instrument is a combined air sampler, and dust particle counting and measuring microscope. With it you can take twelve samples of air on one slide which can be examined immediately "on location" or later in privacy. For complete details, write to Bauseh & Lonib Optical Co.. 681 St. Paul St., Rochester. N. Y. Bauseh & Lomb WE MAKE OUR OWN GLASS TO INSURE STANDARDIZED PRODUCTION FOR TOUR GLASSES, INSIST ON 8 * L ORTHOGON LENSES AND 8 L FRAMES Every Sole a "PERFECT ROCKERff Different from other types of safety shoes, the strength of the STEEL TOE is greatly increased by the "PERFECT ROCKER" WOODEN SOLE, in case of severe shock, the wearer need not depend wholly on the Steel Toe to protect the toes. The rocker action of this sole will force the foot from underneath the fallen object. Write for sample of this Safety Shoe that provides both sole and toe protection. DEECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE CO., Inc. l cCoOiLUMBUS, NEBRASKA Stock No. S04S National Safety .Veits, February, 1037 65 A NATIONAL SERVICE for PRODUCTION -SAFETY Members of and Distributors of ASSOCIATED GUARD MANU FACTURERS pool their products and facilities to the end of giving a national service: The Value of a Safety Council By JOHN J. TOOHEY, JR. Commissiorer of Labor, State of New Jersey (1) on standard approved safety equipment for mechani cal hazards; (2) removal of industrial health hazards from dust or fumes, and -- (3) supplying safety apparel from head to foot. EVERY POINT of OPER ATION guard is placed on the proposition of being the BEST for its particular purpose with out affecting output. Refund of money paid will be made on written disapproval of any state or insurance in spector. ALL EXHAUSTS for col lecting dust or fumes at source and pneumatic cleaning equip ments are guaranteed to be in full compliance with all codes of the state, requirements of compensation carrier, also specifications of the American Standards Association. All apparel is guaranteed of best quality. Inquiries are solicited. Informa tion freely given without obligation. Members of and distributors of ASSOCIATED GUARD MANUFACTURERS Central Office 4139 W. Kinzie St. Chicago, III. BRAINTREE. MASS. Direct alos t'o I OS President Rnad BROOKLYN. N, Y, t^urtv Mfjt. Co., Inc, ofis-gsth Street BUFFALO, N, Y. Frontier Meter Work* I'M) Hazelwood CHICAGO. ILL, Stmy Mfg. Co.. Inc, 4139 W. Kinzie St. CLEVELAND. OHIO PnsUire Safety itfff. 4408 Perkins CLEVELAND. OHIO The Safety nothing Co. :<S04 I'avne Are, HOLLISTON. MASS, afetr First Shoe Co, NEW YORK. N. Y. Allen Blllmyre Corp. '22Q Hast 42nd St, PHILADELPHIA. PA. Surewajr Mfg. Co. Fox & Clearfield Sta, SEATTLE. WASH. H, Bacon 815 E. Prospect ST. LOUIS. MO. Ht. Ixmia Blow Pipe Co. 1948 North 3th St, WEST BEND, WIS. Nowton Eng. Works IN SAFETY THE BEST IS NONE TOO GOOD COMMUNITY safety councils are important adjuncts to the organ ized safety work authorized by the atate legislature when it created a department of labor. In view of modern processing conditions, high speed machinery, and subtle and dangerous trade substances that may cause ill health, it is important that workmen be given intensive training that will make them realize the haz ards to be avoided in their daily tasks. While the State of New jersey De partment of Labor has cooperated to the fullest extent with the American Standards Association in the develop ment of mechanical devices for the protection of workers, it is, of course, impossible for any state department to organize state-wide educational safety campaigns that will reach man agement. supervisors and men. The work of promoting safety education is one that should be assumed by em ployers in each local area. It is not too much to ask them to support a safety council morally and finan cially. If employers are not willing to do their part in educating those em ployed or those who may potentially be employed by them, they are not doing their full duty towards them selves and society. The day has long passed when any employer can justi fy his own conscience in case of acci dent by declaring he has done all that the state law required him to do in maintaining plant safety conditions. We know that the large percentage of all accidents results from careless ness, thoughtlessness or negligence on the part of the working group. Such causes cannot be overcome by legisla tive enactments, nor can they be pre vented by factory inspection alone. They can be prevented only by em ployers who cooperate with local safe ty councils, insisting that the super visors and foremen attend safety lec tures and then try to instill in the entire organization a spirit of caution. The state will do its part through the department of labor in safeguard ing equipment and structures, but the safety educational program is one that must be promoted by industry itself. During the ten-year period of 1926 to 1935 there were 2,623 fatal acci dents in the New Jersey industries. There were also 214,694 non-fatal compensable injuries with a total compensation cost of $63,425,209. If we were to multiply the total monetary cost four times, the cum then reached would probably not ap proximate the total cost of these acci dents. I am not going to say a word about the suffering these accidents cause the injured men and their families. You may let your own imagination work on this, but just keep in mind that even though we do compensate a man for a maiming injury, or a family for the loss of a bread-winner, the amount received is small indeed in compari son with the loss. Statistics present many dark trage dies that could have been prevented by a more intense interest in the work of safety councils and safety educa tion in general on the part of the em ploying group. Embossing Press (Continued from page 27) point, it immediately reverses itself and starts to rise at the same speed as the platen. When the platen reaches the top of its stroke, the gate continues to rise for about an inch and remains stationary until the piaten opens for removal and replace ment of material. Thereupon the gate again doses for the next cycle of operation. Protection is afforded both at the front and rear of the machine. Full protection is given when changing plates, even if the operator should fail to stop the motor, though this practice is not recommended. 66 National Safety News, February, 1937 When the gates are raised high enough to permit changing the plates, they remain raised and must be brought back to operating position before the machine can be started again. After the safety device has been tripped, it must be reset before the operator can start the machine. It is believed that the guard dem onstrates a sound basic principle which it will be possible to apply to many machines similar in operation. The guard was developed through the joint cooperation of the Steinhardt Leather Company, the Trav elers Insurance Company, and Fiest and Fiest, insurance brokers, New ark, N. J. The-weed of such a guard was brought to attention by the New Jersey State Department of Labor. Although the first installation rep resents an expenditure of several thousand dollars, because of the re search work done and the cost of con structing working models, it is re ported that the device can be dupli cated on other machines at a low cost. Weak Spots (Continued from page 20) Many managers and foremen have overlooked a real opportunity to do effective work in this field. Correc tion and instruction of journeymen will not only increase production and decrease accidents but it will also have a salutary effect on the thinking and actions of other workers. Instruction is equally applicable to specialists or machine tool oper ators. particularly when they first en ter employment, or whenever a proc ess is changed or a different device introduced. The specialist may have operated a similar machine, but in variably concealment of facts during the employment process misleads the foreman into overestimating the man's ability. The very limited train ing and experience of some of these specialists sometimes stunts their comprehension of the enormous power or fast motion of mechanisms and the damage which may result from negligence or lack of skill. The training of apprentices can do much to prevent accidents among the future personnel of the production de partments. The apprentice groups of today are the journeymen of tomor row. Industry must develop these or accept lower standards of perform ance in the future. 1936 FIGURES ARE IN MORE NEW USERS * TIME, WATER -- MORE SANITARY Bradley three- or five-stall Showers iall in one com plete unit) tike Bradley Washfountains, save space, water, installation cost and upkeep. In the 20 years since Bradley Washfountains were first developed---1936 led all but 1929 in the total number of new users of these mod ern, sanitary wash fixtures. Yet the thousands of Bradleys in long usage have proved so satisfactory that 55% oi total 1936 Washfountain production went to users who were extending their Bradley facili ties--getting more because they liked them. Easy to Install--Fewer Plumbing Connections Bradley Washfountains to serve 10 at one time require one-tenth the plumbing connections that in dividual wash basins do. They are easy to install in present or new buildings--good reason for you to modernize all your washrooms--and save at the same time. Write for Catalog No. 435, today. BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN COMPANY, 2237 W. Michigan St., Milwaukee, Wis. IBIRA.IDILIEY WASHFOUNTAINS and SHOWERS I: M 13 L I: [ LTlSIll i mU' n liMIMNS.snyCRCUPS PRO MCI II V MfillI VliSSf/ BITNZE PIACCllO ~ M SPiRHI.D.PRfCRESSIVE INIilWDEAL'MERITORIOUS 1; ICKTIIST BY ISlNG llRNU;r>>/' VYVARDS HRAIL PURPOSES6 S WILLIAMS JEWELRY A Mrfi. CO. 10 S. Wabash Avc. Clarence j. Williams Chicago, 111. Rational Safety February, lllA7 67 THE NEW DOCKSON TURRET-TYPE WELDING SHIELD ...GIVES GREATER STRENGTH.j ECONOMY, AND SAFETY THE HONORROLL Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man hours or 300 working days, are invited for this department Rivetless face - piece, formed from seamless heavy-gauge fibre sheet, eliminates all possibility of electric shock through the shield--permits easy, complete sterilization--and insures excep tionally long life with maximum economy. UNIQUE LENS HOLDER PROVIDES ECONOMY AND CONVENIENCE Mmle from sueciiil oil iimi lient resisting compmiml-- reduces hrrultnge and allows for instant changing of cm it glass without removing colored glass. NEW HEADGEAR GIVES EXTRA COMFORT Instantly adjustable, reaiiv lits ail heads--with new detach able ficadpad that alfonis maximum conduct. SEE YOUR JOBBER OR WRITE DIRECT C. ,,H. DOCKSON CO., 2J85 E. GRAND BLVD. DETROIT, MICHIGAN Kansas Gas and Electric Co. The entile independence district of the Kansas Gas and Electric Company has won a place in the safety honor roll. The record, as of December 15, 1936, is sis follows: The 58 men ot the independence Division have gone live yeais and seven months with out a lost time accident; the Cherryvale Division of seven men has gone five years anil eleven months without a disabling in jury; and the iilk River Division of U) men has completed a five-year period without an accident of any kind. This makes a total of "`1 employees in the independence dis trict who have worked "80,000 safe manhouis during the past five years. 'Hie Neosho plant of the company near Parsons, Kansas, has completed a retold of two years without a disabling injury. The 8" men employed in the plant have worked I t total of soLom safe man-hours. DUST Health'/SiH^Profits 6jd ISjulUilri No.301 ----------------------- -=- Lehigh Portland Cement Co. | The extended no-accident record begun | hv employers of the Jula, Kansas, plant of the Lehigh Port! md Cement Companv on September os U'jp has remained intact through another rear and is now nearing the three-million man-houi mark. On De cember m, t9>6, the number of man-hours without a disabling mjuiy totalled 2,9gLo'C The average working force is about 1 s v employees. UST causes a loss each year that runs into hundreds of Lever Brothers Co. D millions of dollars. Any plant that has Dust pays a A record of more than one million iiliii- toll, equal to cash, and therefore contributes in a houis without a disabling injury has been definite way to this huge yearly loss. Healthy workers amreade hv the I.S5H employees of the Cam- happy workers and will increase efficiency of plant. Abnridge. Mass., plant of the Lever. Brothers Iefficient plant has a decided advantage in face of severe competition. No matter how large or small your Dust Company, manufacturers of snap and glyce rine. problem appears it should be properly taken care of. Even 1 'file icCoid, which began August 1, 1956, one machine can create enough Dust to reduce efficiency of | reached a total of ITOSJA'UO safe man-hours entire plant. For individual machines we supply DRACCO i on December Unit Filters (write for literature). If you require complete broken at that date. and was >till vm- protection write for Bulletin No. 301. A very important feature is that all repairs arc made on the CLEAN AIR Perfect Circle Co. SIDE of Filters, DRACCO Engineers are particularly well qualified to advise you no matter what your Dust problem may be. An intensive safety campaign, started a vear ago, is given credit for the best safety record established at the Hagerstown, Jnd., DRACCO MULTI.BAS FILTER DRACCO Write for Bulletin No. 301 CORPORATION plant ot the Perfect Cucle Company. The iecord. which began June 15, 1936, reached a total of s'o.o~'K man-hours on December !. it was obi unbroken o.i December 15. Successors to The Dust Recovering & Conveying Co. the date of repotting, 4073 E. 116th St. Cleveland, Ohio * The Pi.5 feet Circle Companv, classified in the light machines division, manufactures PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS DUST COLLECTORS 68 I piston rings and piston expanders. An aver age fata* of (iu workers is employed. Sationai Safety .Vries, February, 193 Texas Corrugated Box Co. Between December 8, 1953, and Decem ber 31* 1936, the Texas Corrugated Box Company, Inc., at Dallas operated 920 days (121,494 man-hours) without a disabling injury. The average number of employees was "'0. At the beginning of the present year the record was still intact. Since De cember 6, 1930, the plant has had only one disabling injury, which involved 11 lost days, in a total exposure of 881,6 P man hours. Fire Losses Cut 54.9% In Nine Years FIRE losses on the American rail roads last year amounted to $3,273,927, a decrease of 54,9 per cent as compared with the $7,268,434 fire losses sustained in 1926. it is shown by a report of the Committee on Statistics presented at the recent annual meeting of the Railway Fire Protection Association held in Chi cago. Of the 1955 total, the loss to mer chandise in transit amounted to only 5352,495, or slightly more than 10 per cent. In 1935. wrecks were responsible for greater fire losses than those attri buted to any other single cause. The total 1935 loss so assigned was $490,297, Fires traced to trespassers, resulting in losses of $385,31*9 in 1935, was second on the year's list of causes. Fire damage due to unknown causes was reported for 1935 at 3423,065, while miscellaneous losses not separately classified totaled $41,930. ' Other major causes, together with respective 1935 fire losses, were as follows: exposure. 5507,039; incen diary, 5269,872: spontaneous igni tion, $262,606; electric power and motors, $164,966: smoking and matches, $119,235. Keep the Pack ing Room Safe WITH VACUUM and Glean Vacuum cleaning in the packing or shipping room has three distinct advan tages: It protects the employees; it keeps dust away from the finished goods and containers, and it does the ordinary floor cleaning quicker, better and at less cost than any other method, Spencer Vacuum Cleaning Systems, designed in many types and sizes, will clean any kind of floor, wall or ceiling surface; remove bulky materials such as sand or coal dust, and extremely light materials such as lint or powdered dust. Spencer Systems are used to clean ma chinery, to clean products Before painting or finishing; to remove stencils, and to pick up or hold materials during the manufacturing process., These systems are built especially for long-life service under the most severe industrial conditions. May we send you the bulletin? A single unit is readily piped to all floors of any building, and light-weight vacuum hose, connected to special Spencer- Vacuum Tools, provides a universal one- man cleanjjjosystem. - CENTRAL AND PORTABLE VACUUM CLEANING SYSTEMS THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. HIS enclosed platform and handy tool rack are giving industry two invalu able services -- (1) Better, faster work at levels from 3 to 18 feet in the air-- (2) Safety from dropping tools and all common ladder Elizabeth Safety Council To Hold Lecture Course A X enrollment nf about 400 persons is 1 * expected m the Elizabeth, X, I., Safety Council's Third Annual Industrial Safety Lecture Course f`>i executives, foremen, supei visors, and safety engineers, which will open March 11. Arrangements are being made by the Industrial Safety Committee of the Council. Sessions will he held ome a week hum a pound of five weeks and will be conducted in the Hotel Winhetd Scott. The lecture course has been verv success ful during tlie past two vearv -.hawing repKSent.itivr delegates from the industrial ,ue,i m which Elizabeth is utuated. hazards. Gold Medal Safe Ladders and Scaffolding forEvery Purpose (|j! Safety Platform Ladder Specify it by name--Known everywhere as part ot the Complete Gold Medal Line The PATENT SCAFFOLDING CO., Inc. ( uu-niro, ir-no IPuton St. 1>. I. City. V., 3S2I Klevi-nth St. ATLANTA BOSTON LOS ANOELES PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH ST. LOUIS___ SAN FRANCISCO Stitioiml Suji'tv Veil s, i i'hrnnrv, i(> K ( B-K high pressure Safer Blasting Practices Cylinder Valves ' (Continued from page 22) Solve the Problem of Binding Leaky Valves ~ Are you having trouble with Cylinder Valves on your Inhalators and Oxygen Breathing Ap paratus? It so, you can eliminate this difficulty completely by placing B-K VALVES on your equipment. B-K VALVES incorporate ease of opera tion, positive action and fine materials and workmanship. There are B-K VALVES available for all types of Inhalators and Oxygen Breathing Apparatus used by Steel Mills, Oil Companies, Chemical Works, Public Utilities, Fire Departments and Rescue Squads, regardless of make. Write for Details and Prices, He sure to state make and type of your equipment. BISHINGER- KOEHLER MANUFACTURING CO., INC. 7K10 Kelly St., Pittsburgh. Pa. Manufacturers OXYGEN EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS PROTECTION OF YOUR PROPERTY FROM FIRE AND CRIME DEPENDS UPON DETECTION THE VALUE of your easiness is protected, in proportion to the insurance vou carrv l re imburses vou tor d rec* loss it cannot reoay loss of time Riders sales and records that a serious are onnas, shows no >ign of decrease THE ELEMENT of detection thnt stops the oc currence of these losses *: needed n every business. The simplest, most efficient way of applying it is by watchmen, properly checked by a supervisory system. THE SIMPLEST, most efficient way of suoe*-- vbmg the watchmen is a Detex Watchclock System, ^ ASK DETEX tor information on a system tha; will fit both vour present and future needs. DETEX WATCHCLOCK CORPORATION 4130 Ravenswood Are,, Chicago, HI. 2? Reach Street, Boston ETEX Variok street, New York Room $m, >22 Marietta Sb. Atlanta As experience with the Bureau of Mines type lean - cement - mortar magazine near Bruceton, Pa., had shown that it was relatively cool in summer, one was constructed at one of the collieries of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Com pany. It is of 25,000 pounds capac ity, and has been in service three years. The maximum temperature re corded in this magazine during the hot summer of 1936 was 85 F., while outside temperatures in the sun ex ceeded 112" F., (the magazine is not shaded): the minimum during the severe winter of 1935-36. with an out side temperature of -24 F,, was ac tually 18 F. The salient feature of this maga zine is the use of cement-mortar in walls, sliding door, and roof. The ce ment-mortar is six inches thick in all walls and three inches thick in roof and door. The cement-mortar is com posed of 1 part cement to 6 parts of coarse sand, permitting it to disinte grate to sand in the remote event of an explosion within it. It is bullet and fire-resistant, securely locks against unlawful entry, well ventilated, and cool in summer. The metal covering is grounded and thus at least partly protected against lightning. The No, 26-gage galvanized flat iron used on the exterior walls, roof, and door is covered with aluminum bronze paint, designed to assist in keeping the tem perature low during the hot months. As most permissible explosives and many of the dynamites contain am monium nitrate, they are adversely affected by repeated alternations of high and low temperatures. The tem peratures in this magazine were well within the transition temperatures for ammonium nitrate. Two similar magazines are being erected by the company. Proper underground storage is equally as important as surface storage if explosives in good condi tion are always to be available. Min ers buy explosives by the 25-pound case and commonly store them in case in headings, with the electric blasting caps nearby, and not infrequently against or in the cases of explosives. Occasionally headings were too short to permit the storage of both ex plosives and electric blasting caps therein and still maintain a proper distance between them. Tests were made to determine the minimum thickness of oak which would prevent a group of 25 blasting caps, effective ly arranged, from exploding a sensi tive dynamite. Repeated trials were made, and it was definitely determined that three one-inch oak boards would always prevent the explosion of the dynamite placed directly against the other side of the barricade. This partition was incorporated in the design of a box for underground storage with separ ate compartments for explosives and electric detonators. This type of box has been adopted generally by the company. Electric Blasting Electric blasting had been intro duced so recently that there was need for a study of the methods in use and for a general standardization of the methods to prevent accidents due to the faulty application of a new method. Electric blasting, especially the blasting in series of multiple shots, presented a special problem. A study of the firing-in-series charac teristics of commercial electric blast ing caps led to some interesting re sults. Tests were made of 10 types of electric blasting raps of four manu facturers: two were of the matchhead type, the others of the bridgewire type; five had copper legs and five iron: minimum firing currents were determined by three trials, firing 10 electric blasting caps in series; the source of current was dry cells in series supplying 23.0 volts. Minimum firing currents varied from 1.35 amperes to 0.48 ampere for the different manufacturers. Manu facturers recommend that the mini mum firing current for series firing be not less than 1.5 amperes. How ever, it was demonstrated the factor of safety against misfires is substan tially greater with some type of elec tric blasting caps than with others. With this information available, the authors were able to fire 3S elec tric blasting caps of one type having 0 National Safety News, February, 1937 iron legs (0.48 ampere minimum fir ing current), but only 25 electric blasting caps of another type having copper legs (1.35 amperes minimum firing current), using a powerful Schaffier BDK type of multipie-shot blasting machine. This procedure permitted the se lection of those types of electric blast ing caps most certain of detonation in series firing, but it was desired to determine the current-time firing characteristics by tests of individual caps, in the expectation that it might be possible to limit the time of appli cation of the firing current at its source and still deliver adequate energy to the bridge of each cap to fire it with certainty. A timing switch arrangement, consisting of an in clined plane having two side rods as runners for a large ball bearing was used for this purpose, the current flowed during the interval that the ball bearing passed over the bare por tion of the two runners, and the time was changed for the various tests by changing the rods, which were ar ranged with different lengths of bared portions. Current from dry cells and various resistances in the firing cir cuit were used. Four codes of different manufac turers tested would fire with an ap plication of current for 0.0025 second, but requiring 2.22 to 5.62 amperes. For 0.00S second the required am perage varied from 1.25 to 2.24, each established by five trials. Results^ however, were erratic, especially at these very short time intervals, and suspicion was cast on the adequacy of the inclined-plane type of timing device to give a continuous current; this undependabilitv was demon strated to be a fact by oscillograph tests of this device by the Electrical Section of the Bureau of Mines and, as a result, this section undertook the testing of different codes of electric blasting caps, and published the re sults. The significant result of these tests was the definite discovery that one type of electric blasting cap always had a lag of 0.006 second or more, al though the firing current was 4,25 amperes. At lower firing currents the lag was 0.010 or more second. This substantial lag--time between the ap plication of the firing current and the explosion of the caps---seemed to be the first step in the solution of a very important safety problem, that is. the question of a gas ignition at the face HEALTHGUARD FUME KIT reduces hazards of fumes mists Wherever there is possibility of encounter ing harmful gases in emergency or ordinary service work, there is need of the protection afforded by this light, comfortable, easy-to-carry outfit. Standard kit includes cartridges for fumes most generally encountered in industry. Write for literature. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. 2323 WARREN BLVD. CHICAGO, ILL. "WORKER'S FALLS ARE i A GREATER MENACE . . than all the Machinery. Elevators. Hoists or Conveyors in all the industrial establish ments,"" quotes a well known authority on accident prevention. $ Overcome this menace in your plant before some one of your employees pays with life or limb for a danger ous floor condition that could so easily and economi cally be corrected with a Lincoln Twin-Disc Machine. Not only will this machine be an important factor accident prevention by keeping your floors in a clean sanitary condition, but will actually Save you MONEY in Labor, Time and floor cleaning materials. In addi tion the Savings accomplished by preventing accidents s incalculable. Floor accidents are an every-day occurrence. At this V- ' . minute some one of your employees may be paying the sacrifice of life or limb through hazardous floor * conditions, Eradicate this menace, the easy economi ,.,A V* cal way by writing today, stating the types of flooring in your plant and the floor problems you encounter , K V and we'll gladly arrange a FREE demonstration of one \ * >f our industrial machines at your convenience. r ? LINCOLN-SCHLUETER FLOOR MACHINERY COMPANY, INC. I 237 W. Grand Ave. Chicago, t 7/r<? LINCOLN Twin Disc * SCRUBS - WAXES - POLISHES J National Safety .Yews, February, 1037 71 For Economy For Safety! caused by firing currents strong enough to give off arcs that will ignite gas, as a current from a 10-shot blast ing machine. Since there is no general agreement in evaluating this hazard, it is ex plained in detail: In the bituminous coal mines it has been recognized that a hazard exists when using mine power wires or any blasting machine with enough current to ignite gas as a result of a make-and-break contact of tangled electric wires such as usu ally occurs at faces at and' immedi ately after blasting; an explosive mix ture of firedamp and air, possibly am plified by dust, is likely to be found in some coal mines immediately upon blasting, thus bringing about the very dangerous combination of an explo sive atmospheric mixture and a spark or arc to ignite the mixture. This was so well recognized that the permissible single-shot blasting unit was designed, tested, and ap proved by the United States Bureau of Mines, and is commonly used for firing single shots. The sequence of this ignition is complicated, and the hazard may seem remote: the current from the normal blasting machine of the 5- or 10-shot non-permissible type will flow for approximately 0.3 of a second. If during that time the blast at the face creates sufficient disturb ance to cause the lead wires or any two uninsulated portions of wire to come into momentary contact, the current from the blasting machine will cause Every Dayton Safety Ladder in a spark or arc at that point of suffi your plant serves a double pur cient intensity to ignite any explosive pose. Saves workman's time, saves accidents. No wabbling, no tipping, both hands free for fast work. Made of durable airplane spruce, strongly braced. Sizes 3 to 16 feet. Gives you (fuality at a moderate price. mixture present. The interval be tween the application of the current and the blast is usually of the order of 0.001 to 0.003 of a second, so that the time interval during which such an ignition can occur is an appre ciable one. (Made in Cincinnati i Write Dept. NSN-2 for details. This has been recognized in the bituminous field, where a single-shot machine is more or less standard, but THE DAYTON SAFETY LADDER COMPANY 121-123 West Third St. CINCINNATI, OHIO in the anthracite region, where the 10-shot machine is used, no consider ation has been given to this rather important matter until recently, and the hazard is still considered some what remote. However, since it is not DAYTON possible to differentiate between the two major causes of gas ignitions by Safety Ladder blasting--the explosive and the ignit! ing ability of the current used for i I'.nrtite.h [ firing--the matter was considered im Sfnd lor iiur tn*\\ l Sn, a show- j him ,f line } m-ridrid prt`vt*n- [ lion tMiuipnifiil, portant enough to justify elimination j i of the hazard from the current if pos sible. RE you saying. "But A ours is a small appli" cation"? Here's the answer--the Parsons Unit Type Arrester. It insures you the exclusive features of Parsons design and con struction. especially the ad vantages of the Oval Bag principle. In addition, you get compactness and port ability. Note how the fan and drive are mounted on top. You can transport the Parsons Unit Type Arres tor on a truck and erect it right beside the equipment to be ventilated. Write for our NEW Bulletin No. DA-6 PARSONS ENGINEERING CORPORATION 6511 Cedar Ave,,, Cleveland, Ohio National Safety Mews, February, 1937 Two approaches to this problem were possible, one through the devel opment of a suitable dry-cell blast ing unit, in which the current would not cause a spark of sufficient intens ity to ignite the gas, and the other through the use of the same 10-shot blasting machines in which the circuit from the blasting machine would be disconnected by a timing switch in the machine in a time period long enough to insure the complete deton ation of all the series, but not long enough to furnish current after the first detonator had exploded. Five Burgess No. 533 batteries of 3 cells each, or batteries of equiva lent capacity and voltage, will fire 6 electric blasting- caps through a total resistance up to 20 ohms. This bat tery will also fire more than 6 elec tric blasting caps, provided the total resistance is not excessive. Probably 10 is a reasonable limit to place on the number of electric blasting caps in series with a. total resistance in the firing circuit of not to exceed 15 ohms. The current from this battery is not strong enough to cause arcing or sparking which will ignite gas. Its reliability, month by month (in some places week by week) depends upon frequent tests of its capacity in order that it may not deteriorate unduly and cause misfires through improper storage or use. The authors know of no place where these batteries are used under ground, but emphasize the use of spe cial 10-shot blasting machines with special internal timing switches. It was considered desirable to study the firing characteristics of the various manufacturers' products in connection with one of these ma chines, which was made by the Schaffier Blasting Machine Company, timed originally to 0.010 second and later corrected by the Bureau of Mines to 0.005 second. These tests required more accuracy than that afforded by the equipment in the field, and the problem was taken under considera tion by the Electrical Section of the Bureau of Mines. Summary Following is a summary of the in formation obtained: !. With one type of deton.nor now being manufactured, a timing ot o uin second on the blasting machine w ill assure that all the .1, ion,u,ms m senes will lire and that no one ot 'he detonators will lire before the timing switch has opened tile circuit. 2. With other types of detonators the en tire series will fire, but one or more may fire 0.001 or 0.005 of a second before the circuit is disconnected by tile timing switch. 5, The first comfiination eliminates the hazard, whereas in the other types the hazard is reduced in the proportion of time avail able for the necessary sequence of conditions from approximately 0.297 second without the timing switch to a matter of 0.001 to 0.005 of a second with the timing switch. i. Twelve of these machines with the 0,005-second timing switch are now in use underground for a long-period service test. No misfires have been reported during their use. Six have been retested, and no signifi cant change in the timing has occurred. It is important to know that every type of explosives accident experi enced by the company during the past five years could accurately be classed as a remote, nonrecurring type. If the company had assumed the atti tude that remote problems need not be attacked, the same accident rate would obtain year after year. Re moteness is difficult to define, since approximately 4,000,000 shots per year are fired in the collieries of this company. An accident of this type occurring once every two years, or every 8,000,000 shots, might proper ly be classed as remote; although few typical accidents occur with greater frequency, 4 to 12 accidents occur each year from blasting. The Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company was firing all shots electrically when this investiga tion was started, therefore consider able study was made of this method of firing shots, and a set of standards for firing lines and safety breaks was drawn up. Unlike the usual bitumin ous reeled cable, the general system of firing lines consists of a permanent line in each working place, which is strung along the manway or rib on wooden cleats, using two separate lines separated by at least four inches. A safety break is placed in the line, which remains open until the last man out of the working place connects it; this break is intended to prevent a common type of accident in which one man, preceding his "buddy" to the firing station, fires prematurely while his "buddy" is walking back from the face. The safety break is placed far enough from the face so that should the shot be fired immediately after the last man connects the break, he will be far enough away from the shot to escape injury. The important mat ter is, of course, adequate supervision to insure that this break is always open, except directly before the blast. ABRAHAM LINCOLN said: "It is the duty of every man to protect himself and those asso ciated with him from accidents which may result in injury or death." Safety First Shoes ful fill this need. No. 3731. "Double Duty" for winter wear. Water - resisting throughout, plus steel box-toe protection. Also available in 8" and 16" Hi-cuts. Special for this month. "The CAP-IT-ALL plan for promoting safety through 100% coverage with Safety First Shoes. SAFETY DIRECTORS: Send for details. SAFETY FIRST SHOE COMTAXY HOI.LISTOX, MASS. tientlenieu: Please send details of the *<'A I*-IT-,Y plan and latest eatalo^;, Name.... ( otteerti \ddress Xntionn! Safety Ye/rs, f''i>briiar\\ i't.i? ;? and is opened before anyone returns to the working face. This paper describes methods of eliminating certain blasting hazards in anthracite mines which may also be helpful in other branches of mining. These are: 1. The halved cartridge test with crimped ends facing gave helpful data on preventing the serious hazard of burning of explosives due to insensitiveness. 2. The superiority of the cement mortar type of magazine for keeping stored explo sives within reasonable limits of tempera ture variation was demonstrated. ?*. A combination explosive-detonator un der-ground storage box was developed. I. The use of a tiring current of short Juration (0.005 second) for the firing of multiple shots, connected in series, together with the use of an electric blasting cap of relatively substantial lag (0.006 second) or more was found to practically eliminate the possibility of the Ignition of fire damp and air, by a break spark anywhere between the shot-tiring unit and the bore holes. This result was obtained without promoting misfires. 5. Standards for firing lines and safety breaks were adopted. 6. The use of straight nitroglycerin dyna mites was displaced by the ammonia gela tin dynamites for chute blasting, and the search for still safer explosives was in augurated. They Are Alive Today! WE have heard much uncompli mentary comment when the subject of safety belts for seamen has been brought up for discussion. The consensus of the opposition seems to be that a "he-man" sailor would be demeaning himself by wearing one. However, we know- of many instances in which the wearing of a safety belt contributed directly to saving the life of the wearer. As far as we know, safety nets never were used in bridge construc tion until California Industrial Acci dent Commission ordered one used in conjunction with the building of the Golden Gate bridge. This net, com posed of sections which were pushed out ahead of construction as the steel erection progressed, totals 120 feet in width with a completed length of over 6,400 feet. To date ten men, engaged in steel erection, painting, etc., are alive. Without the net, each would have made the headlines via the morgue! It's a 200 foot drop from the floor of the bridge to the turbulent tides of the Golden Gate and each of those men started on that drop but landed in the net. Marine Section News-Letter. 21% OF ALL ACCIDENTS ARE TO FEET AND TOES jP'EW stop to realize the importance of preventing accidents until after a major occurrence. The expense resulting from one foot accident, including doctor, hospital, compensation and lost time, in a majority of cases is sufficient to purchase fifty pairs of Sankev Foot Guards. The very fact that Sankey's afford maximum protection for so little cost is reason enough for their justification where foot hazards exist. Do not hesitate to take advantage of our 30-day trial offer. Write for descriptive literature and prices. There's Safety in Satikey's ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. 211 Fountain Avenue - - - Elhvood Citv. Penna. Establish Foundation for Arc Welding Research DEDICATED to encouragement of study and research for benefit of the arc welding industry, a new Foundation has been established by vote of the directors of The Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio. This new fund has been named "The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation", in honor of the pioneer work of the company's president in promoting arc welding and in devel oping arc welding equipment and electrodes. One of its primary func tions will be the stimulation of orig inal design in order that arc welding processes may be more widely utilized in modern-day fabrication. Principal direction of the Founda tion's work will be given by Dr. E. E. Dreese, head of the Department of Electrical Engineering at The Ohio State University. Other trustees who will serve with Dr. Dreese on the Foundation are W. B. Stewart, dis tinguished member of the Cleveland Bar. and H. R. Harris, Vice Presi dent of the Central National Bank of Cleveland. 74 National Safety Netvs, February, 1937 Conserving Eyesight (Continued from page 38) Perhaps the most severe burns of the eye occur to men handling adds and lime as well as molten metal or electric flashes. Battery men and lime workers would prevent many serious injuries to the eye if they wore goggles. Caustic soda, if splashed in an eye, calls for immediate attention. Remember in an emergency that commercial acetic acid diluted one quart to four quarts of water (2 per cent solution) is valuable if used early to counteract the burn of caustic soda. Saturated soda bicarbonate solution can be used as an emergency eye wash when-acid burns occur. In actual burns, instill a drop of sweet oil in the burned eye as first aid. Nystagmus is an involuntary rapid oscillation of the eyes. This sometimes occurs in miners, chauffeurs, type set ters, paper hangers, painters and oc casionally in draftsmen and textile workers. It is brought on by faulty casual fixation and poor illumination. It occurs in cases of carbon monoxide poisoning. Preventive measures con sist in correction of errors of refrac- ARMSTRONG means a Socket Wrench you can Sean on Safely Tim Patented ARMSTRONG Privclock Feature locks socket to driver, locks driver to ratchet and extension to extension. Makes of every assembly a safe, rigid tool that will not fall, pry or knock apart. Sockets and sets of all sizes and types. Write for Catalog V-IW, ARMSTRONG BROS. TOOL CO, "77ie Toni Holder /Vop/c" 5$9 N. Francisco Ave., CHICAGO, U, S, A. National Safety /Veits, February, 1937 tion, proper illumination and proper number of recreational hours. Venereal infection should bar a man from the shops. Contamination of towels and drinking cups, etc. may be the cause of gonorrheal ophthal mia. Trachoma, a disease of the eye lids, is contagious and a person suffering from this is a source of danger to his fellow workmen. It resembles what is commonly called granulated eye lids. It is transmitted by towels, wash basin or direct contact. When un treated, it often causes ulcers of the cornea which vitally affect vision. Everything for Safety from an Asbestos Suit to a Pair of Goggles HEAD PROTECTION Issue Warning on Blasting Cap Menace AS a warning to school officials, pupils and parents, the Indus trial Commissioner, Elmer F. An drews of New York State, has made public the findings of an investigation made by the Department of Labor in the injuries suffered by three school toys playing with blasting caps in Pleasantville. Westchester County, early in December, 1936. According to the report, one boy said that he had taken the caps, not knowing what they were, out of the room occupied as an office by a con tractor living in the same building. The contractor claimed that he had no knowledge of the caps being in his office; that he had never purchased any of that type of cap and that since he discovered their presence he had removed them to a magazine. Five hundred of the blasting caps were confiscated by the Labor Department from the contractor, and 70 more re covered from school children. Ex amination of the caps recovered from the children showed that several had been tampered with and the investi gators reported it ``miraculous" that more children had not been injured. This was explained by the possibility that the caps had been on the shelf a long time and had absorbed mois ture. making them less sensitive. Commissioner Andrews has warned contractors and others using blasting caps to be most cautious in safeguard ing them, as not infrequently reports come to the Labor Department of such caps getting into the hands of children. School authorities and par ents have been urged to warn children against playing with any objects with which they are unfamiliar. BODY PROTECTION EYE AND NOSE HAND AND ARM LEG AND FOOT WELDING PROTECTION AND MANY OTHER ITEMS THE SAFETY CLOTHING 00. Manufacturers 3804 Payne Ave. Cleveland, Ohio EIDERGEnCIES Complete Unit Type First Aid Service for all plants, public utilities, con tractors, etc. Rclllls according to individual speci fications 20 gauge steel con tainer -- conven ient, economical units for indi vidual use, in suring steriliza tion-- note open kit for contents. yf fSafetyJ>akc /WRITE FOR SAMPLES! OH APPROVAL UHdt PRICES coHHnit. coffin A.E.HALPERWlu.^c Home a^HalooSafety VhodudA EE7 ATLANTIC AVE. BOSTON,MA5S. O With the manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved specia features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published Stock Handling Carts The Lyon Metal Products, Inc. of Aurora, Illinois has designed a new stock cart of handy size to permit use in aisles between storage bins and to provide a fast and convenient means of moving stock from one location to an other. Some of the features perfected and claimed by the manufacturer are Powerful Dual Platform Lift Units synchronized for equalized lifting of enormous loads on platform by means of four two part massive roller chains, A powerful dual drum die handling unit directly mounted on platform which is capable of drawing and placing 30 ton dies to and from presses and storage. A drive unit designed to give efficient service with newest Automatic design `V joint universal for driving wheel connections. An eight wheel trailing axle fully equalized and compensating controlled by power steer which per mits easy steering with practically finger tip control. The manufacturer further states that no side sway of plat form or pinching of tires is experienced when operating around corners or over uneven surfaces. New Blasting Cleaning Unit Uf interest to foundries, metal clean ing shops, etc. is the recently an nounced Type "LG" Airless KOTOBLAST Cleaning Table with eight in dividual smaller tables which, as they approach the blasting zone, automatic ally start to revolve, thus presenting every exposed surface of the work placed upon them to the action of the blast. The cart is ,TJ inches high, 30 inches long and 16 inches wide; equipped with four large rubber-tired casters. The front casters arc swivel and the rear casters stationary. The two shelves arc .5" deep--allowing space so that an other shelf may be added, it is finished in green enamel. New Capacity Tiering Platform Truck A new industrial truck has been engi neered and designed by the Automatic Transportation Company, HU West 87th St, Chicago, Illinois, for handling, at various heights, nt oil ton dies to and from the presses and storage. fa Explosion Proof Fixture The Benjamin Electric Mfg. Com pany of Des Plaines, Illinois announce u new explosion proof lighting fixture for locations in which flammable vola tile liquids, highly flammable gases, mixtures or substances are manufac tured, handled or stored. It is the con tention of the manufacturer that thev have ample strength in every part to withstand the tremendous pressures of possible internal explosions, caused by -parks or breaking lamps, without breaking down or permitting flame, hut gases or sparks to escape and ignite the surrounding atmosphere. These lamps arc characterized hv a separate hood design which provides a harrier between the socket terminal space and the lamp chamber so that explosions originating in cither space cannot he transferred to the other. The manufacturer further -tales that they are designed for general overhead lighting in-tallation- and where the -.pacing distance between units .for- not i,weed one ami one half time- the mounting height and requiring Jim watt lighting intensity. The I'atigborn Corporation of Hag erstown, Maryland, manufacturers of the K (.) T O K L A ,s T line of Airless Cleaning equipment claim that this Fable is unsurpassed for blast cleaning comparatively trail work, particularly of a tlat character. Stove parts, shovels, tools, etfc. are cleansed by this equip ment. ' A- in all KOTUBLAST machines ilie centrifugal force of a motor driven wheel is used to replace compressed air for throwing abrasive against the work to he cleaned. The ROTOBLAST principle also eliminates pressure tanks, hose, nozzles, valves, air chambers, etc. and uses only IS R.H.I'. With the "LG" Blast Table the RUTOBLAST is mounted above the rear enclosed portion of the large table in such a position that its blast stream 'oinpietely covers all parts of the re volving -mailer tables as they pass through its held. The spent abrasive, refuse mid heavy dust drop into a pan below the table top and are conveyed into the hoot of an elevator as thev -tart back again to the separator for cleaning, then to the hopper for storage until thev are again grnvitv fed into the LOTOIILAST for reuse. The large table, as well as the -mailer m - are ball-bearing mounted, and all moving parts are effectively valed enin-t abrasive ami dust. The inahiue is free from rompiicated moving tart- - tiff l a- gear-, cam-, eccentrics, Sc, Xntional Sitfotv Yens, February, 193 All Weather Eye Glass Cleaner A new ingredient known as "StayClear" is being produced and marketed Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY A Service For Our Readers by (lie Johnson Products Co., 1702 North La Salle Street, Chicago, who claims that it prevents steaming of gog gles and eye-glasses, giving tile lens a silken glossy finish. The product is fiut up in a handy "lip stick" size container, sufficient for sev eral months, it is the contention of tiie manufacturer that if applied to both sides of the lens and then polished with a clean doth the effects last for twentvfour hours. Now is the time to devote more study to all types of equipment and products which can lower production costs through factors of safety. Find out now what the market offers. The publications listed below will be sent free and without obligation to readers of National Safety News. Indicate on coupon the publication you desire. 1. Watchman's Clock Systems: A sixtccn-page booklet covering a com plete line of apparatus for supervising watchmen. Explains the principle of opera tion, diagrams and specifications of systems for all types of industrial plants. Detex Watchclock Corporation. 7. Wilson Screwless Shock Proof Portable Lamp Guards: An illus trated insert giving the advantages and uses and construction diagram of a flexible fibre guard for portable extension electric lamps. Safe Guard Electric Company. NEWS-ITEM Th<* American (/ham Company, Inc. has changed its corporate name tn American Chain and Cable Company. Inc, The general executive office*- will remain at Bridgeport. Connecticut and 230 Park Avenue, New York City. Manufacturing plants are located at Bridgeport and Hartford, Conn., York. Reading, Monessen, Braddock, and Wilkes-Barre, Ra.; Adrian, Michigan and Torre Houte, hid. American Chain's familiar trade mark "ACCO Giant" will bo retained. Formation of an Industrial and Transportation Color Service has just been announced hv the Sherwin-Wil liams Company, It is under the direc tion of R, H. Hookway, Sherwin-Wil liams Colorist. This new department combines its efforts with those of the SAY Paint Kugineering Service to otter designers, manufacturers and in dustrial consultants assistance not onlv in developing desired colors and combi nations for "dressing up" new or old products, but also information cm tvpes of finishes and their suitabilitv for specific application requirements. 2. Safety with Wire Ropes: a short discussion of "Tru-Lv" wire ropes pre sents their safety factors under normal con ditions. Sixteen pages of facts, figures and illustrations. American Cable Company, Inc. 8. Practical Housekeeping for In dustry: Bulletin No. S-33-B covers several types of portable vacuum cleaners for industrial use. The Spencer Turbine Company. 3. The Proper Maintenance of Floors: A booklet of twenty pages de voted to the cleaning and maintenance of all types and kinds of flooring. West Disinfect ing Company 9. Smothering Fire in Power Plants: A twelve-page booklet No. AD411A-5-35 giving a detailed discussion photographically illustrated of automatic fire protective instal lations for power plants. Walter Kidde & Company, Inc. 4. Dockson Protective Equipment: Form 636B is a twelve-page catalogue type booklet giving specifications and con struction details of goggles, lens, hand shields and welding helmets. C. H. Dockson Com pany. 5. Safe as the Floor: Bulletin 112 presents specifications and illustrates in dustrial uses for the Gold Medal Safety Platform Ladder. Patent Scaffolding Com pany. 6. Boots: A brochure setting forth the boots and important features found in wooden sole shoes. Recce Wooden Sole Shoe Company, Inc. 10. Metal Flex Soles and Heels: An insert dealing with a corded mate rial that will flex for soling of heavy duty industrial shoes. The S. and K. Rubber Co. I I 0rmfl"mcdlC3! a brochure deal ing with a surgical soap for general use. Dispensing systems and chemical contents data. Huntington Laboratories. 12. Martindalc Maintenance Equipment: A 40-page illustrated catalogue giving complete information on electrical and mechanical maintenance equip ment. Catalogue No. 20, The Martindale Electric Company. 1 1Statements published #m tills page are based <m the claims of the manufac turer. While tho National Safety News cannot guarantee these sttaemonts, they are believed to lie accurate, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. ['lease have sent in me the publications 1 have checked: If a literal interpretation of the Golden Rule seem? a bit altruistic for the average employer, iet him try this one: Before trying; to yet the most out of an employee, first try to develop the best in him. Name Address Company Title \ationnl Snh>(\ Y-iin, / ohruitry, BUT SLIPPERY FLOORS Safe Driver Awards UPSET PRODUCTION with PLASTIC FUT-SURE Slippery floors mean slower work, bad falls and production tie-ups. Eliminate them once and for ail with PLASTIC FUT-SURE. Easily applied to any surface, it is economical, slipproof, lasting! Full facts and figures upon request. Write for them today. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. 2077 College Ave, Niagara Falls, N. V. PLASTIC FUT-SIJRE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES SAFETY BELTS SAFETY HATS FOOT GUARDS Strauss Safety Belts and Helmets conform with the highest stand ards. They are used throughout the world. A catalog, illustrating a safety belt for every industrial hazard where men are subject to falls, will be sent upon request. THE STRAUSS COMPANY Brady Building - Pittsburgh, Pa. AWARDS for safe driving, made by members of the National Safety Council to their drivers, to taled 816 during the period between December 6 and January 6. Of this number 675 were one-year awards; 92 two-year; 36 three-vear; 3 fouryear; 8 five-year; and 2 six-year. Companies whose drivers received awards were as follows: Aero Mayflower Transit Co., Indianapo lis, Ind. One-year--1; two-year--1. Alamito Dairy, Omaha, Neb. One-year -- I. W. R, Arthur and Co., Inc., Janesville, Wis. One-year--2; two-year--2. Automobile Shippers, Inc., Detroit, Mich. One-year--l, Baltimore Transfer Co., Baltimore, Md. One-year--5; two-year--I; three-year--I. The Bayer Milk Co., New Britain, Conn. One-year--4. A. G. Boone Co., Columbia, S. C, Oneyear--I. Boston Store, Chicago, Two-year--!, joe Brown and Sons, Grand Rapids, Mich. One-year--6; two-year--I. Carr's Transport, Owen Sound, Oat. One-year-- 1. Channel Fie Shop, Sacramento, Calif. One-year--5. Chicago and Suburban Refuse Disposal Co,, Chicago. Five-year--I. Commander-Larrabec Milling Co., Min neapolis, Minn. Three-year--!. Consolidated Freight Lines, Inc., Port land, Ore, One-year---263. Crown Coach Co., Joplin, Mo. One-year ---I. Daily Mirror, New Turk City. Twoyear-- 1. Davidson Baking Co., Portland, Ore. One-year--2. Dealers Transport Co., Kansas City,Mo. (Jne-year--A, Decatur Cartage Co., Decatur, III. Oneyear--5; three-year--I. Deluxe Cab Co., Toronto, Ont. Oneyear---3. Dennis Taxi, Guelph, Ont. Three-year -- I. Derby Oil Co.. Wichita, Kansas. Oneyear-- 20; two-year--'v; three-year--20. Dominion Cab Service, Windsor, Ont. One- year-- I. Donne's Auto Service, Torringtun, Conn. One-year--J. Federal Land Bank of St. Paul, St. Paul, Minn. One-year--28; two-year--50. Fisher and Zettel, Kitchener, Ont. Oneyear---3; two-year--I. Florida Motor Lines, Jacksonville, Fla. One-vear---3. Hamilton Milk and Cream Co, Inc.. Ridgewood, N. Y. Cine-year--!. Hinchdiff Motor Service, Chicago. Onetear--2; two-year--3, Holland Farms, Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. One-year--12. Interfaoro Mutual Idemnity Insurance Co,, New York City. One-year--6. jersey Creamery Co., Detroit, Mich. One-year- 3; three-year-- Norman Kelly, Bavsville, Ont, Threeyear-- I. Kerrville Bus Co,, Austin, Texas. Oneyear--2; two-year--2. Kimble Glass Co., Vineland, N. Y. Oneyear-- I; two-year--A, Latimer Laundry Co., Inc., New Britain, Conn. One-year-->, C, lewis l.avine, Inc., Trenton, N= j. Five-year--I. Adam Limonovicus, Gulden City, Ont. One-year--I. McFees Livery, Sarnia, Ont, One-vear __ 2, Midwest Transit Lines, Inc., Benton Har bor, Mich. One-year--2. B, Michaels, New York City. Four-year ---I. ' Mohnk Delivery Co., Saginaw, Mich. One-vear--2, National Cab, Ltd., London, Ont, Oneyear-- l. National City Bus Lines, Inc., Long Is land City N. Y. One-vear--2; two-year--I. Nickels Bakery, Inc,, Martins Ferry, Ohio, One-year--I. Northwest Casualty Co. I awards to school bus drivers). Three-vear--1 ; four-year--1 ; five-year--3. Oklahoma City Mill and Elevator Co., Oklahoma City, Okla. One-vear--A Oklahoma Transportation Co., Oklahoma City, Okla. One-year--34; three-vear--2: five-year--2. Omar Bakery Co., Omaha, Neb. One- year--`>7, Overland Transportation Corp., Detroit, Mich. One-year--4; two-year-- 3. Peoples Gas Company, Glassboro, N. J. Three-year--1. M. H. Renken Dairy Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. One-year---114. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston- Salem, N. C. One-year- 23, Sarnia-Petrolia Bus Line, Petrolia, Ont. One-year--1. Schuylkill Transportation Co,, Mahanoy City, Pa. Five-year--1; six-vear 2. Snyder's Dray and Transfer, Bismarck, N. D, One-year--2 ; three-year---1. Sperry Flour Co,, San Francisco, Calif. One-year--11; two-year--2. Standard Taxi, Hamilton, Ont. One-year Storm King Stage Corp., Highland Falls, N, Y. Four-year--1. Taylor Produce Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. Three-vear--!. United Motor Coach Co., DesPlaines, III. One-year--3; two-year--2; three-year--I. United Taxi, Kitchener, Ont. One-year Edward Van Clieaf, Driver for William L.mgmaiJ. Three-year--I. Hugh Van Koughnet, Coilingwood, Ont. One-year--I- The Visiting Corp., Chicago. One-year --!; two-year--H, William Wrigley, Jr., Co., Chicago. Two-year--I. \ationat Safety Metvs, February, 1937 --.. ........Put -- M ason Protection Around Machinery INDEX TO ADVERTISERS American Abrasive Metals Co........... 63 American Chain & Cable Co., Inc. 2 j American Mason Safety Tread Co. ,79 American Mutual Liability j Ins. Co................................................... 34-35 American Optical Co................................ 8 Armstrong Bros. Tool Co..................... 75 Associated Guard Manufacturers ... 66 Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. .............65 Benjamin Electric Mfg. Co.................... 37 Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc. .. 70 Bradley Washfountain Co..................... 67 Buhrke Company, R. H.......................... 74 Bullard Company, E. D. Co........... ..61 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc............................................ 7 "THE ANSWER TO INDUSTRIAL DERMATITIS" a 20 page book avail able without charge to any interested industry. The abrasive filled steel base is sup plied in standard widths, lengths as required, usually 6 inches, and may be easily installed around any ma chinery where slipping hazards are present. May be anchored to any type flooring, and provide safe pro tection against slipping. Treads avail able to fit any sized space. Write for samples! AMERICAN MASON SAFETY TREAD CO. ....... --..1 OWFl l . MASS----------- -IMPORTANT- WE have found after a long and care ful survey of ladder safety the impor tance of a shoe at the top as well as at the bottom of the ladder. We are happy to announce our new ladder top shoe which will be known as the Johnson Ladder Top. They arc simple in construction and marvelous in performance. They will not mar walls and are conformable to any surface, rough or smooth. They will reduce the side slipping of the ladder. Order from your dealer or direct. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Eau Claire Wisconsin Chicago Eye Shield Co............................71 Cover, H. S.................................................... 5 Dayton Safety Ladder Co............. .. 72 Detex Watch Clock Corp................. .70 Dockson, C. H. Co..................................,68 Dracco Corporation ......................... 68 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. ......74 Finnell Systems, Inc. Frigidaire Corp. ........................... 59 4 General Abrasive Co. ............. 78 General Electric Co.................... 53 Halperin Co., Inc., A. E..........................75 Harrington & King Perforating Co. 62 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. .33 Industrial Gloves Corp...................... 64 Industrial Products Co. ........................ 58 Inland Steel Co............................................57 International Shoe Co........... 3 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co....................... 79 Klein & Sons. Mathias ............... ....56 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Inc. ...... ,63 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co.................. 69 Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Mchy. Co. .71 Milburn Co...................... 79 Mine Safety Appliances Co. I. F. Cover National Safety Council, Inc.......... 39-51 Parsons Engineering Corp. ..................72 Patent Scaffolding Co, ............... .....69 Pulmosan Safety Equip . , 1. B. Cover Pyroil Co.......................... 79 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. .... .65 Rose Mfg, Co. ............................... .62 Safety Clothing Co...................... 75 Safety Equip. Service Co. , Back Cover Safety First Shoe Co.................................73 Spencer Turbine Co, .............................. 69 Stonehouse Signs, Inc............................ .55 Strauss Co....................................................... 78 West Disinfecting Co. .............................55 Wiesman Mfg. Co........................ 61 WiUiams Jewelry & Mfg. Co. ..... ,67 Willson Products, Inc............................. 1 He was a good-natured Irishman, and was one of a number of men employed in erecting a new building. The owner of the budding said to him one day: Pat, didn't you tell me that a brother of sours is a lawyerr" Yis, -.or," replied Pat, "And you a hod carrier! The good things of life are not equally divided, are they.'" No, sor," said Pat. Pour fellow--my brother couldn't do this to save his inife," The Milburn Co. is the only company specializing in the prevention of Industrial Derma titis with a medical background and with a practical industrial application. Send for this Booklet MILBURN CO. Mfrs. of Ply Protective Products 905 Henry St. Detroit, Mich. 90%AS MUCH AS Increase in Film Strength PLUS Reduced Surface Tension Lowered Temperatures Increased Power Output The decided improvement in operation effected when Pyroil is added to the regular lubricants used has caused the adoption of this famous super-lubricant bv tile largest industries and plants in this country and many others. Pyroil readily proves its efficiency. Its corro sion inhibiting qualities alone make it desirable tor the protection of many present day metals and alloys. Write for interesting facts. No obligation. Manufactured and Guaranteed bv Pvroil Company, W. V. Kidder, Founder, 291 LiFnllette Aye., La Crosse, Wis., (J. S. A. Eien Container Bear, thi. Signature National Safety Sens, February, 1937 79 Buy Advertised Products; It is your assurance The Buyers* Service AH firms listed below are advertisers in this issue--See Advertisers' Index Page 79. x Accident Prevention .Service National Safety Council. Inc, Abrasives American Abrasive Metal* tn, American Maan Safety Tread Cxnxiil Abrasive Co. Adhesive Tape nncl plaster Remover Alarms. Fire Mine Safety Appliance < *n Ampoules. First Aid i>avis Emeigeucy Equip. Co. A ncniometers Bullard Company, h. G, .Uiue Safety Appliances Cm, Aprons Billiard Company, h, D. Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Product! Co, Mine Safety Appliances < I'ulmnsan Safety Equipment Corn. .,, Safety Clothing cn-, lb* Safety Equipment Service ( u.t TUe . Strauss co.. The Arresters. Dust Associated Guard Mantifae- turetn Bullard Company, i-J. i>. itracft. Corporation Slv Mfg. Co,, W. w. Awards, Prlxc Mine Safety Appliance* Williams Jewelry & Mb,. It Radges nod Uuttons Bullard company. K. l.. Mine Surety APPlUm*** v o. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co. nags, Tool, linemen Btilirke Coiuiiaiiv, It. HBullard Company, K. G- industrial Products to Pnjtjp sau Safety Equipment Corp. ,. Safety Equipment service t "> The , Strauss Co., Tlte Belts. Linemen Bubrke Company, H \\ Bullard f..mpnv, E-J- industrial Product* Klein A Sons. Mathias Mine safety Appliatico t " i*ulmi-an Safety Equipinem Cnft*. Safetv Clothing The Safety Equipment Service l , The . Straus* Cm., The licit*. Safety Bubrke ` ompaiiv, It H Bullard Company, K. G, Industrial Products cm Kirin A' Son*. Mathla* . Mine Safety Appliance* C". I'ulmnsan Sat'otv Kquipmctii f urn . s.tfelv Clothing co. The Safety Equipment Seiyire i m , The Strauss Co . The Belts, Tree Trimming Bubrke Company, B, IK Bullard Company, E 1>. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* ` ptiimosau Safety Equipment Cerp. . Safety Equipment seirieri..^ The Strauss l " The Belts, Window Cleaning Buhrke company, It II Bullard Company, K. G industrial Product* Mine Safely Appliance* Ptiimosau Safety Equipment c. rp. Ruse Mfg. V safety clMtiung to, The Safety Equipment Sendee Cn., The Strait** The Blankets, Fireproof Bullard ( omp.im K G Imliistrial Products Cn Mine Safety Appliance* cm Pulnm-uni Sat'etv Equipment C ***| 4. Safety Clothing Cm The Safetv Equipment Semee Cm,, Tin* Blankets, l.tnemen Industrial Products < o, Blockers, Aline Car imiuor'-nduet* t m Mine Safety Appliances i < I'ulnp *an safety Equipment C-nrp. Blockers, RnUrond Car Bullarti t Mtupany, E, it, industrial Product* Co, PulmmmJi Safety Equipment Cnrp, Safety Equipment Serviet Cn., The Blowers. Hose AInsk Bullard Company, E, D, Safety Equipment Service Co., Tile Blowers, Portable, Kleetrle Associated Guard Manufac turers Spencer Turbine Co, Buckets, Hoisting Buhrke Company. H. If, Bullard Conipany, IT D, industrial Product* Co, Safety equipment Service t o,. The Bulletin Boards Bullard Company, K, D, industrial 1`ruducts Co, Mine Safety Appliances I n, i'ulmoian Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Kquipment Service Co,, The Anns, OH Bullard Company, K. O, ituluHtrial i'n duets t:u Mine Safety Appliances < o. indmosan Safety Equipment Corp. . Safety Equipment Service Co , Fans, Waste Bultard Company, E. t). Industrial i'mduets Co, Mine Safety Appliances cn. Puituosau safety EquMuuent Corn. Safety Kqutiuneid Service Co., Tlie ( hnin, Factory Ameriraii Chain & Cable (*o ine. Fhairs, Posture Fhairs, .Safety, V.Boatswain Bullard r.-mpattv, i> Mine Safety Appliance* to. 1'nlmesan Safety Kquipment t'nrp. ^trains c<> , The Clumps, Bail Industrial Products t n {'ulmMSflu Safety Equipment Cnrp. ._ Safety cjofiiiiiR nv, Tlie Safety Kquipment Service t n, Tive Flanips or SocketSi Armstrong Bros To<u Co, ( leaning ( ompounds West Gionfecimg Co, ( leaning Equipment Abrnsivc ( leaning Systems, Vneiiitin AMrited Guard Manufac turers Spourrr Turiunc Co nothing for Industrial Workers--8ee Aprons, (.loves. Hand Leathers, Leggings, Shoes nothing. Acid Proof industrial Cr-uimt* Cn. Fafen Knuipmeut Service f" , The t tothing. Fireproof Bultard Cmnp&uy, E- G. Industrial Glove* Corp. industrial Product* Cnrp. Mine Safety APi'llanees Cn, Pulmnsan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety ('lot)iiug Co,, Tlie Safety Kquipment Service cn., Tlie Strau** Co,, Tlie nothing. Linemen industrial Products Co, (`lothlng. BWullearatithCeomrpparonyo, fC G. Imliistrial Gloves Corp, fmitistrtai Product! Co, Mine Safetv \ppliance* Cm PulniM-iaii Safety Equipment Cnrp Safety t i.nitiug t . , rhe Saf*^* Kquipimtit Service Co., Hie ( olIeetorH, Dust IiCratue-r.eceoira*te< d.irtit'.drautrlM.in Mstiufie Par.otts Kiigiueeruig Corp. Slv Mfg. Co, W, W, C ompounds, cleaning Safrtv (`iotlting Co., The Containers, Ixplosive Muid Bullard Company, IT IT liiiluitrtai I'n diirts i'o, Mine Kafety Appliances Co, Cu!mu<ah Safety Mqitipmeut f'orp. Safety Kquipment service Co., The Stratus Co,, Tiie D Detectors, i.'nN Billiard tSoupany, f;i, G, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Detectors, Indicators, Recorders, Carbon Monoxide Bultard Cmtipanv, K it. Mine Safety Appliances ('., Detectors. Pyrotannic iltne Safety Appliances f'o. Disinfectants and Deodorants Milburn \Ve*t Glsinfeeting Co, Dust Control Systems Associated Guard Manufac turers liracro Cnrp. Parcum* Ktutmeering t'orp. S!,y Mf*. CM , W. W. Dust Counter Rausch & Limit Optical Co, Industrial Brnducta Co, WliisMn Crmlucu, Inc, Dusters, Hock .Mine safely Appliances Co, E Emblems, Safety Mine safety Appliances Co, Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Cm, Exterminator, Rodent West Ghhifecting Co, Extinguishers, Fire Bullard Company, K. G. Kidde & Co., Inc,, Waiter Mine Safety Appliances Co i'utniosan Safety iMjuitnnciii Cnrp. Safetv iUpiipmem Service Co., Tltc Eyesight Surveys F l'nns. Exhnust Associated Guard ^lanufaeturers Fh Mfg. Cm.. W, W. Films (r Slides. Safety, For Rent and Sale National Safety council, Inc. First Aid Equipment Btshingw-Knehler Mfg. to., inc Bullard Company, E H, Burrouglu-Welleomc t rs.A.t Inc, ifabicrin Co., lue,, A. E, iivii*' ii, Wedentt Guniung, Inc. Industrial iTodurt* t o, Mine Safety Appliance* cn Puimo-rtn safety Equipment < orp. Safety nothing t`o. Hie Safety Equipment Sendee Cn,, 'Hie Flags, Danger Buhrke CMmpjmv. H. IE Bullard Company, E G, Gidistriai t*ro<iu<qa Co, Safety liquipmetu HervieeCo , the Sbmeimue Stgn. Inc, Flashlights, Permissible Bullard Company, E. D, Indtiitrial ProducU C, Floor ('leaning Machines, Electric Finneil .-Astern*, Inc. Kine* lu-Schluetor Floor Machinery Co. Flooring .Material, Safety American Abrasive Metals Amen*Mit Ma*on Safety Tread ( q. Avscefatcd Guard Mainlineturcr* General Abrasive Cm. imltHtrial Products Co, Inland Stcei Co. Footwear, Rubber Bullard Companv. 1; G, industrial ppiduei* Cm. [adilgb Safety simip Co. Mine Safety ypplianre* Co. IMlnwaan Safety Equipment Cur!*. Fountains, Drinking, Factory Bradley WashfounUin Co, i'Tlgbhdre Corp. General Kleetrle C'Q. Fumigants ii itermicldes (ermicides. t utting Oil MUhum Co, West Disinfecting Cn, Linns, Safety American Optical Company Associated Guard iUuuiae- turcra Bullard Company, E, D, Cfilrago Eye stiield Co, Industrial Products t`o. Mine Safety Appliances Co. fTdmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment Service Cm , The Willson Products, Inc. (loves and Mittens Bullard Company, K, G, Chicago Eve Shield (`n industrial Gloves Corp. industrial Product* Co. Mme Safety Appliance* Co, Putmosan Safely Equipment (Virp. Safety nothing io,, The Safely Equipment semen Co., Tlie Goggles American Optical Company Associated Guard .Manufac turer! Bullard Company. E. G. Chicago Eye Shield Co, iVner. FI, H, Drckaon Co.. C. IT, Industrial ITodurt* Cn, Mine safety Appliances i'n, Pulmnsan Safety Equipment Safety1 clothing Co , The Safety EquijmuqU Service Co., The Willson Products. Inc. (.rings, .Sirens. Horns and other Signaling Devices Bullard Company. K- G, Imtuiurial iTo<iuMi< Cn Mine Safety Atipliaiiec* C*. (ratings. Safety Guards, Chip and Stinrk .v ciateii Guard Manufac turer* Bullarti Company, K T>. Chicago Eve sinetti (*, itulustriai Products t o. Safety nothing Co,, Tlie Safety Equipment Service Cu., The Uunrds for Fdged Toots Buhrke c `o , U H, (itnrtis. Flywheel Asvuciaied cmaib Manufart urer* Barrington Sc- King Perfor ating C<y Bnlustrial Product! Co, Guards, Foot and Toe Bultard Company, E, D Cidragu Em* Shield ('o nilivond Safety Appliance* Cm, Industrial Produer* Cm. Mine safety Appiunees I'm, Pulmnsan Safety Equipment i"urp. Safety Clothing Co , Tin* Safety Etui|mient Simr?Cn., The Straus* Co . The . Guards, (ienr f o\8-io`!atHl Guard Manufac turers industrial I'roduct* Cm. Lunrds, (Grinding Wheel Assnciattfil Guard Mamifac_ Hirers Indiistrlai Product* c< . Ptilmosan Hafetv Euutpntont Corti. (iunrds. Jointer ,V--MciatiHt thiard Mamifacturers indu-trifll F'roduets C. Safety Equipment Service Cm., The Lnnrds, Kfek Press A>` mated Guard Manufarturer* (unrds, Lathe AsHurlatetl Guard Mamifaeturers Guards, Planer Associated Guard Manufac turers Guards, Power Press Associated Guard Manufac turers Chicago Eve Shield Co, Industrial I'roduct* Co. Safety Equipment Service Cn , The Wiesman -Mfg. Co. (unrds. Lamp, Safety Associated Guard Manufac turer* Safety Equipment Service Co., The Guards, Safety Associated Guard Manufac turers Bullard Com-inny, K, G, Harrington A: King ivrior- ating Cd- Industrial ,'rtniq.*ts Co. Safety Clothing Co.. Tlte Safetv Equipment Suvice Co, Tito Wiesman Mfg, n, SUauss Co,. The (uards. Saw* Associated Guard Manufarturer* Bullard Company. E. i. Industrial i'rndurts Cm, Safety Equipment Service < < , The (uards. Shaper Associated Guard Mamit'ac- Hirers Industrial Products C<>. Safety Equipment Sei\ice The (uards. Treadle Associated tiuard Mamit'acturer* H Hand ('ream Bullard Cumtianv. E. G industrial Products Mithuru Cm, Mine KkIWv Appiiatuv- ( * Pnhiiusiiji Safety Equipment t'nrp. Safety Clothing Co., The >ateiv Coninruciif im, The Hats, Safety Bullard ( unnanv, C G, imtu-qrut l*r> itinqs Mine Satctv At>pliance- t i, Pulnn san S ifety Euiiu'iuent i "m. Safety cbitldng *"'*., Tin* Stniu-s The Heat ( ramp Preventives JnUililruil Pri'ditetJ Cm Helmets. Safety American HUical t'Minpanv Biihingcr-KMcider Mfg, i. < . I Me*. Bullard CMinpanv. i:, (>. t hieagn Ew SiiieM Cm. industrial I'rnduos i . Mine Safety AtiiiliitM'c> i 1`uitiiMsnn Safety IJimtunciit ('`*rp, Safdv t i thing Cm , Tue Safety i.quiionent Service f The Strauss t1*'.. rhe Willson Pruducts. Ine, Holsts. Fleetrie Holders, 'Pool Armstrong Bros T ('*, Hooks. Safety Belt Ihilirkc i .Miinauv, !c i I Bultard C.iiiipanv, ['. D ltnliistn.il Pn,duc. ( . Mint* Saferv A}ipliau>`e> Cm Pulmo<an s-.ifefy Equipment Corp. Safety Kqtiipnictir Service *'.t , The Hooks, Safety, lloistiug industrial i'roduets t- Hospital Fpuipnien r Bullard t'nnitnmy, E. IV Burroughs-Wellcome ` , 'C.S.A.i ine, ludustriai Proiittcis m. Mine Safety Applianre^ t Safetv Equipment Service Cm., The f Incllnators. Carboy Bullard Company, K 'it. Industrial Croquets i,. Piilmo-uui Safety Cijuq m"it { nrn. safety Clothing ('>., The Safety Equipment S>-rsM-e c Indicators, Flammable Vapor Bullard company. \\ Mine Safety Afiplian.-cs Cm, National Safety News, February, 1937 of getting the Best in Safety Equipment THE BUYERS' SERVICE Ail firms listed below are advertisers in this issue--See Advertisers' Index Page 79. In ha in tor* BisIthtcm. ger-Kochter Mfg. Co., Bullard Company. K. i*. Mine Safety Appliances Co. JnHurnnce American Mutual Liability Ins. Co. J L Ladder Shoos or Feet Amcrlran Abrasive Metals Co. American Mas.u $afeti Tread Co. Associated Guard Manufac turers Bullard Company, E. l>, Johnson Ladder Shop Co. Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Patent Scaffolding Co, .Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Bose Mfs. Co. Safety Clothing Co., TUa Safety Equipment Service Co., '( he Ladders, Safety Bullard Company. E, l>, Dayton Safety Ladder t o, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Patent Scaffolding Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Lamp Hunger* Lamps safety Benjamin Electric Mfg, - Co, Bullard Company, p, d. Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Applianres Cm. Lanterns, Carbide Bullard Company, E D. Lanterns, Electric Billiard Coinpanv, K, P. industrial Product* i >. Mine Safety Applianres Co, Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Leathers, Hand Bullard Company, K, I), Industrial Glove* C. rp. industrial Products Co, Pulmosan .Safety Equipment Corp. Safctv Clothing Co., The Saf'etv Equipment Service '< , Ttie Strauss V o The Leggings Bullard Company. K p, Industrial Cloves ( orp. Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Applianee* < u, Pulmosan Safety Kquirmicm Corp. Safety Clothing t o , The Safety Equipment. Service Co , The Strauss Co,, The Lighting Hqui pinout. Industrial Ben.iamm Electrie Mfg. Co. General Elect rie Co Lino Hose Lookers anti Hangers for < lolhing Industrial Products Co, Looks, Lamp Industrial Product* Mim* Safety Appliances Co Eafetv Equipment Service C-<:, 'Hie Lubrication F'yroit Company M Mnohinea, Floor t.leaning, KIcotric Hnnell System*, inc, Lincoln-Srhlucter Floor Machinery Co., Inc. Markers, Traffic Safety Equipment Service Co., The Mnskn American Optical Company Blthingcr-lvociiler Mfg. Co., Inc, Bullard Company, E. D, Chicago Bye Shield Co. Industrial Products Co, .Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulinosau Safety' Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment Service Co., The Willson Product*, Inc, Strain* Co,. The Mats, -Standing, Safety American Mason Safety Tread Co, Bullard Company, E, I>, Industrial Product* Co, safety Equipment Service Co,, The Metal, Kxpnmlcd Associated Guard Manufac turers Metal, Perforated Aso elated Guard Manufac turer* Harrington k King Perfor ating Co. Meters, Light Testing General Electric Co. Movers, Hallway Car Bullard Company, E, D, industrial Products Co. Puininsan Safety Equipment Corp. Safely Equipment Service t o.. The o Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Biisulil\iiger-iviieiiler Mfg. Co.. Miru* Safety Appliance* t o, 1 I'aes, Miners' Lehtglt Safety Shoe Co Pads, Knee Associated Guard Manufac turers Bullard Company, E. !. Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial Products Co, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment < 'orp, s.ifetv Equipment Service Co , The Strati?# Co,, The Paint Poster Service Mammal Safety Council, Inc Protectors, Arm Bullard CmnpAiiv, I; U. industrial Glove* Corp, lMdu>tiial Produrt* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulntoian Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clnthing Co,, The Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Straus* Co.. The protectors. Finger Industrial Glove* Corp, InUtistrial Pri duet* to., The hilmosau Safety Equipment Corp, Safely Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment Service Co., Tite Straus* t o,, 'flu* Protectors for Linemen Bullard Company. E, D. Industrial Glove* Corp, industrial Products Co, Min Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Publications, Safety National Safety Council, inc. Pullers, Fuse Bullard Cutnmtny, E, D, imUmrt&l Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Cm, The Pumps, Oxygen BUhlngcr-Koeuier Mfg. Co,, Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, R Respirators American Optical Company BRhitiger-Koehler Mfg. Co . Inc Bullard Company, E P Chicago Eve Shield c..: Cover, H, H, Industrial Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment C-rp, Safety Clothing < <v, The Safety Equipment Service Co., The WilBun Product*, Inc, Resuscitation Equipment HUhlnger-Koehlcr Mfg. t o, inc, Bullard Company. E, p Mine Safety Appliance* Cm Safety Equipment Service Co . The ' Rope, Wire American < itaiu k CabteCM., lm*. 8 Scaffolding, Safety Patent Scaffolding * " Screw Drivers, Non-Skid A*M*',aied Guard Manufac turer* Scats, Toilet, Sanitary Shades, Fye, \ou- Breakable Associated Guard Manufac turer# Bullard Company, E P, Chicago Eve Shield Co. Davis Emcruenci Equipment Cm., ine. Industrial Pr* duct* Co, Mine Saf*tv Appliances Cm Sifctv Chiming Cm The Ssfeiv Equipment S.'rvieeCM,, The Shades, Window, Industrial Shields, Welding Docbaon Co., C, H. Industrial Product* Co, Shoes, Safety, Factory and Foundry Associated Guard Manufac turer* Bullard Company, E. P, international .Shoe o, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Industrial Product* Co, Lehigh Safety Shoe Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. safety Equipment Service Co,, The Safety First Shoo Co. Shoes, Wooden Sole Industrial Product* Co, Jtccee Wooden Sole Shoe Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment i 'orp. Safety Clothing Co,, The Safety* Equipment Service t o.. The Signs, Accident Prevention Bullard Company, F!, P. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. safety Clothing Co.. The Bafetv Equipment Service Cm., The StonPhouM* Blgns, Ine, Sirens and Signals Bullard Company, K. D, Industrial Products Cm, Slings, Chain American Chain & Cable Cm ( Inc, Slings, Safety, Wire Rope American Chain & Cable t <v, Ine. Soap Soles, Shoe, Non-slip Lima Coni Sole k Hoc! Co, Sterilising Equipment Straps, Safety Buhrke Company, U. H, Bullard Company, E. P. Industrial Product* Cm, Klein & Smii, Mathias IMImnsan Safety Equipment < 'orp. vafotv Equipment Service Cm The Straus* Cn,, The Stretcher I nits Industrial Product* Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safeiv Kouipmeut Service Cm., The Sweat Hands for toggles ifalpcrin Cm , ltn\, A. E. Kafeiv Etpiipmcnt Service cm., The Systems, Dust Control P&rsim* Engineering \ on>- T Tents, Pneumonia Bnddngcr-Knehler Mfg. ' * , ine, Mine Safety Appliance* c., Testers, Fuse Tools, Linemen Bullard Company. E, t>. Industrial Products Co. Klein & Son*, Mathias Tools, Marking or Stamping Tools, Non-sparking Bullard Company, E. P. Industrial Product* Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Torches, Blow Klein & Sous, Mathias Trends, Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. Americau Masmi Safety Tread (Jo. Associated Guard Manufac turer* Industrial Product* Co. Inland Steel Co, Trends, Safety Car Step American Abrasive McUU Cm. Americau Mason Safety Tread Associated Guard Manufac turers Bullard Company, II. i. Inland Bteel Co, Trestles. Safety, Extension Patent Scaffolding Cu, Trophies Williams Jcweliy & Mfg. Co. V Valves, Oxygon Biahlncer-KoeUlcr Mfg. C*>,, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Vending Machines, Sanitary Ventilating Equipment Associated Guard Manufac turers Pram* Corporation Sly Mfg. Co., W. W. W Washers, safety for Grinding Wheels Industrial Products Cm Pulmosan Safety V.quipmont Cnrj}. Washroom Equipment, Intiustrial Bradlev Waslu'Mimfain IVatehman's Clock Systems i)etex Watchelock *' rp. Welding Hquipmeiit Itnhtstrial Prmiuets Cm Wrenches. Hopper Car Industrial Products t '*. i*ulmosan Safety Equipment C<rp. Safety Equuiment Service Go., II i e Wrenches \on-sparking liidttstrul PriMluers Cm. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Wrenches. Open Knd Armstrong ifro*. Tool Co, Wrenches. Pipe Armstrong Bros, 'Wd v;.v Wrenches. Soeket Aemsti(tug Br,c Tool i o V X-Ray Kqiiipment Industrial safety Market A S A SERVICE to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed in formation and catalogs on mate rial to meet your requirements. National Safety News 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs. Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) etc., on the following material: Company Address...................... I Your Name. . . National Safety tXeu'sy February, 2937 ftl ACCIDENT BAROMETER Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council A CCIDEXTAL DEATHS of A-\ all types occurring in NovX jL ember totalled approximate ly 9,610. 'This is an increase of 9 per cent over the Jotal of 8,S'20 for November. 1935. Advances were recorded in each of the four principal classes of accidents. Occupational deaths rose 13 per cent, motor vehicle deaths 10 per rent, other public deaths 8 per cent, and home deaths 4 per rent. The November increase brings the eleven -months' cumulated total up to 101,570, compared with the 193 5 eleven months' total of 90.900 --an increase of nearly 12 per cent. Occupational deaths in Novem ber numbered about 1.700, or 200 more than occurred in November, 19,35. The January-November total is estimated to be 16,300, compared with 15.300 for the same months of 1935--an increase of nearly 8 per rent. The inter-plant contest of com munity safety councils continued to show a slight improvement in acci dent experience over last year. The November frequency rate per million man-hours was 12.21. or 7 per cent less than the 1935 comparable rate. The severity rate per thousand man hours was 0.81. or 3 7 per cent under 1935. During the eleven months from January to November frequency averaged 12.30 and severity 0.82-- reductions of 11 and 5 per cent re spectively. On the other hand, three sectional contests conducted by the National Safety Council showed an 11 per cent increase in frequency for All Accidental Deaths January-November 1936 1935 1934 . 101,570 90,900 92,228 <r, S. Vnsus Hurrau total for UKtl; Nfliin) af Safety Council estimates for HCCi ami *2 November, and a 13 per cent increase for the first eleven months of the year. Deaths reported during De cember to Industrial Commissions in 19 states totalled 676 or 23 per cent more than in December. 1935. Steam railroad accident deaths (recurring in September numbered 453, or 8 per cent less than in Sep tember, 1935. Injuries, however, went up 25 per cent. The record for the first nine months of the year may be summarized as follows: Deaths, up 2 per cent to 3,882. Injuries, up 24 per cent to 25,306. Deaths and injuries of trespassers appreciably lower than in 1935. Deaths of pas sengers down from IS to 12. but in juries up from 1,426 to 1,846. Deaths and injuries in highway grade cross ing accidents up only a little. Deaths and injuries of employees up 19 and 35 per rent respectively. rose.Motor vehicle deaths sharply in November, reaching a total of 4.020, according to reports from 35 states with a population of more than 93,000.000. The death total is 10 per cent above November. 1935. and is the largest increase that occurred this year. The November total is also the largest number of motor vehicle deaths that has ever been recorded in a month. The eleven months' total for 1936 is now estimated to be 34,080. or 2 per cent more than the comparable figure for 1935. Gaso line consumption figures are available for only 10 months, but during that period consumption averaged 10 per cent above 1935. On the basis of traffic volume, therefore, 1936 still has a better record than 1935. Commercial vehicle accidents averaged 2.06 per 100.000 vehicle miles in November, or 10 per rent more than in November, 1935, among fleets entered in the National Fleet Safety Contest. Increases by type of vehicle were: Trucks 5 per cent, pas senger cars 14 per cent, and buses 23 per cent. For the first five months of the present Contest (July to Novem ber) the average rate for all fleets was 1.81 or 2 per cent over the same months of 1935. The truck rate de creased 2 per cent to 2.58, but the passenger car and bus rates rose 3 per cent and 8 per cent respectively. Public fnot motor vehicle) deaths totalled about 1,300 in Nov ember. or 100 more than occurred in November, 1935. The eleven months' cumulative tital is estimated to be 17.200, compared with 15,900 for the same period of 1935. The increase amounts to 8 per cent. Home accidental deaths occur ring in November numbered approxi mately 2,900. In November, 1935, there were 2,800 fatalities from acci dents of this kind. In only three other months of 1936--May, Sep tember and October -- has the in crease been as small as this. During the first eleven months of the year there were 36.900 home deaths, or 7.900 more than in the same months of 1935. Probably as many as 4,000 of these were due to excessive heat. Looking Ahead .... The February total of accidental deaths will probably be the smallest of the year--due primarily to its be ing the shortest month. However, there may be more deaths per day than in March or April. According to records of past years fatal burns, asphyxiations, and falls will be as nu merous as in any other month, and motor vehicle deaths will drop only slightly in daily total. These items summarize brielly tile monthly reports collected by the National t-jifetv Council to show current accident trends. Certain reports are analyzed more fully in other publications of the Council. In addition, the annual statis tical report "Accident Facts," contains de tailed information on all types of acci dents. Sational Safety .Yen's, February, 1937 lyjf ^ - r-'- - '*' - ........... .rJiBMMJPb:f_p_ c/?t 'Hew Skis' tjSy PULM05RN ML-3100 DouMe-dut^, RESPIRATOR This ONE Respirator will meet most of your dust needs! The new ML-3100 Respirator offers broadened usefulness in your plant, because it is officially approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines for both Type "A" and Lead Dusts under schedule 21. By virtue of its "double-duty", the ML-3100 Respirator saves you the expense of buying a separate respirator for each type dust, in addition, it combines the comfort, lightness and ease of breathing that workers demand. Write for descriptive literature giving construction features and list of dust conditions for which it is officially recommended. ^Prov.,8.^ * 8(,reau i .*? f >'`V !`........... ties -- ;Vu<v:; "f 'tfpm S28a Isssess f, I B pftl ' H^PIf- WRITE FOR FULL DETAILS AND PRICES! . `.I C (} * mosan and ft 1 i I Prevent A ccidents--Save 1 time, labor nd materials! Handling or pouring from carboys. Holds constant threat of accidents. These patented handling devices greatly re duce the danger. They permit one man to do the work of two. more quickly, easily and safely. He wheels Truck under carboy, rolls to Tiber and locks thereon. Turns geared crank to gradually pour any amount, without splashing or spilling. Inverts to drain last drop. Both built of welded steel. Many now in use. Write for full details and prices. PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP Member: Industrial Safety Equipment Ass'n. 176 Johnson Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Distributor: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO., Detroit take Superior Dist. Distr.i W. P, & R. S. MARS. Duluth. Minn. g Jv1**- The most troublesome part of most goggles is the headband. They stretch out of shape, twist, deteriorate and lose their `l'Iife,% and result in a poor performance of a goggle that might other wise provide good service. The reason is that they are made of rubber which deteriorates with age, is effected by perspiration, oil, grease and mois ture. Only by making a headband without rubber can a satisfactory performance be secured. Super-Drednaut INon-Rubber headbands over come the troubles inherent in most headbands. There is not a bit of rubber in them, so that they do not quickly deteriorate by the action of perspi ration, oil. and grease, but give a long, useful service of holding the goggle frame in just the right position before the wearer's eyes and when once adjusted they will maintain the correct ten sion without further attention. Super-Drednaut Non-Rubber headband will last indefinitely and therefore eliminate the cost of replacement necessary where ordinary headbands are used, and their first cost is no greater than that of the elastic headband. The only way to prove that Super-Drednaut goggles fitted with Super-Drednaut Non-Rubber headbands are superior to all others is to give them an actual trial. Send today for a pair, place them in service, and at the same time a pair of goggles fitted with ordinary rubber elastic headbands. Check the condition of both in a month or two and see how much better the Non-Rubber head band is than the ordinary kind. Its worth the trial. Better make it today. The Safety Equipment Service Company (NSN) (220 St Clair Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio We'd |lka to examine your Super-Drednaut Ensemble (Goptlei and Headband). Hama, Company Name. Addreet. E MFETT EQUIPMENT SERVICE 60. W. Nutt. Cleveland. Ohio