Document 5kkKy4XzZwO0zMjojrK1Z7p80

12188 Federal Register / Vol. 46. No. 29 / Thursday, February 12. 1981 / Proposed Rules l*r ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: method is not acceptable where AGENCY Mr. Roger T. Shigehara (MD-19). U.S. methods from Section 304(h) of the 40 CFR Part 81 (AO-FRL 1643-41 Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. telephone number (919] 541-2237. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On dean Water Act 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977) are required. National Emlaaion Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Alternative Test Method 107A (Vinyl Chloride) October 21, 1976 (41 FR 46560] and on |une 7,1977 (42 FR 29005) the Environmental Protection Agency promulgated Method 107-- .. 1.2 Principle. The basis for this method lies in the direct injection of e liquid sample into a chromatograph and the subsequent evaporation of all AGENCY: Environmental Protection Determination of Vinyl Chloride Content volatile material into the carrier gas Agency (EPA). of Inprocess Wastewater Samples and stream of the chromatograph, thus action; Proposed rule and notice of public hearing. Vinyl Chloride Content of Polyvinyl Chloride Resin. Slurry. Wet Csdce. and Latex Samples. Since that time. Union permitting analysis of all volatile material including vinyl chloride. 2. Range and Sensitivity. summary: The proposed method would apply to the measurement of the vinyl chloride content of solvents, resin* Carbide has submitted comparative supporting data to EPA on a test method that embodies a less sophisticated, but The lower limit of detection of vinyl chloride in dry PVC resin is 0.2 ppm. For resin solutions, latexes, and wet resin, solvent solution, polyvinyl chloride resin, resin-slurry, wet resin, end latex also technically satisfactory, analytical approach. Because practical this limit rises inversely as the nonvolatile (resin) content decreases. samples. The proposed method was derived from a test method submitted to EPA by Union Carbide. The intent of this proposed method is to provide this alternative analytical procedure because it may be preferred over Method 107 is some circumstances. A public hearing will be held to provide interested persons an opportunity for oral presentation of data views, or arguments concerning the proposed method. considerations would favor its use in some instances, this alternative method is being considered for adoption as an EPA method. If adopted, this alternative test method would be available to determine compliance with the national emission standard for vinyl chloride. 40 CFR, Part 61 Subpart F. ,, (Secs. 112.114. and 301(a) of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7412,7414. and : 7eo.(a})) Dated: February 4,1901. v With proper calibration the upper limit may hrextended as needed. 3. Interferences. The chromatograph columns and the corresponding operating parameters herein described normally provide an adequate resolution of vinyl chloride. In cases where resolution interferences are encountered, the chromatograph operator shall select the column and operating parameters best suited to his particular analysis problem, subject to dates: Comments. Comments must be Waiter C. Barber, " the approval of the Administrator. received on or before April 13.1981. Acting Administrator. Approval is automatic, provided that the Public Nearing. A public hearing will be held on March 28.1981 (about 30 ^ ^ days after proposal) beginning at 9 ajn.* ^ Request to Speak at Hearing^ Persons" It is proposed to amend 40 CFR Part 61 by adding Method 107A to Appendix - B as follow*: gfiWRattiE f tester produces confirming data thflrugn an adequate supplemental analytical techniqtK, such as analysis with a different column or GC/mass wishing to present oral testimony must, Appendix B--Test Methods.^..' spectroscopy, and has the data contact EPA by March 19 (1 week before "2 available for review by the hearing). . ___...-----------------------addresses: Comments. Comments - ^ Method 107A--Determination of Vinyl ` should be submitted (in duplicate if ]' Chloride Contant of Solvents, Resin- -y-: possible) to: Central Docket Section (A- ^ Solvent Solution, Polyvinyl Chloride . ' 130), Attention: Docket A-00-37. U.S. \r>* Resin, Resin Slurry, Wet Resin) and . Environmental Protection Agency. 401 M Latex Semples1 Administrator. 4. Precision and Reproducibility. A standard sample of latex containing 181.8 ppm vinyl chloride analyzed 10 times by the alternative method showed a standard deviation of 7percent and Street. SWM Washington. D.C. 20480. Public Hearing. The public hearing will be held at Emissions Measurement Laboratory Building, Page Road and Interstate 40. R.TJ5. North Carolina 27711. Persons wishing to present oral testimony should notify Ms. Deanna Tilley. Standards Development Branch (KID-13). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 541-5421. Docket Docket No. A-80-37. containing material relevant to this rulemaking, is available for public inspection and copying between 8:00 a.m. and 4.-00 p.ra., Monday through Friday, at EPA't Central Docket Section, West Tower Lobby, Gallery 1, Introduction ` ^ a mean eiror of 0.21 percent Performance of this method should not be attempted by persons unfamiliar _ A sample of vinyl chloride copolymer . resin solution was analyzed 10 times by the alternative method and showed a with the operation of a gas V- standard deviation of 6.6 percent at a chromatograph or by those who ara,.. unfamiliar with source sampling ! because knowledge beyond the scope of this presentation is required. Care mnat/ level of 35 ppm. 5. Safety. ^ Do not release vinyl chloride to the . laboratory atmosphere during be exercised to prevent exposure of sampling personnel to vinyl chloride, a ; preparation of standards. Venting or purging with vinyl chloride monomer carcinogen. .; 1. Applicability and Principle. , 1.1 Applicability. This is an alternative method and applies to the . measurement of the vinyl chloride - content of solvents, resin solvent' solutions. PVC resin, wet cake slurries, latex, and fabricated resin samples, This (VCM) air mixtures must be held to minimum. When purging is required, the vapor must be routed to outside air. Vinyl chloride, even at low-ppm levels, most never be vented inside the laboratory. ' 6.Apparatus. '' 6.1 Sampling. The following Waterside Mall. 401M Street SW,, Washington. D.C. 20480. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying. 1 Mention of trade name* at cpedfie doea Act constitute eodoruement by the DA Environment*! Protection Agency. equipment is required: 6.1.1 Glass Bottles. 16-oz wide mouth with polyethylene-Uned. screw-on tops. RSV 0018157 Federal Regiater / Vol. 46, No. 29 / Thuraday, February 12. 1981 / Proposed Rules 12169 6.14 Adhesive Tape. To prevent loosening of bottle tope. 6.2 Sample Recovery. The following equipment ia required; 6.2.1 Glaaa Vlali. 20-mi capacity with polycone acrew cape. 6.24 Analytical Balance. Capable of weighing to 0-01 gram. 6.24 Syringe. 50-mlcroliter size, with removable needle. 64.4 Fritted Glass Sparger. Fine porosity. 6.2.5 Aluminum Weighing Dishes. 6.2.6 Sample Roller or Shaker. To help dissolve sample. 64 Analysis. The following equipment la required: . 64.1 Gas Chromatograph. Hewlett Packard Model S720A or equivalent 64.2 Chromatograph Column. Stainless steel. 6.1 m by 34 mm. packed with 20 percent Tergitol E-35 on Chromosorb W AW 60/80 mesh. The analyst may use other columns provided that the precision and accuracy of the analysis of vinyl chloride standards are not impaired and that he has available for review information confirming that there is adequate resolution of the vinyl chloride peak. (Adequate resolution is defined as an area overlap of not more than 10 percent of the vinyl chloride peak by an interferent peak. Calculation of area overlap is explained in Appendix C. Supplement A: "Determination of Adequate Chromatographic Peak Resolution.") 644 'Valeo Instrument Six-Port Rotary Valve. For column back flush. 64.4 : Septa. For chromatograph injection port 644 Injection Port Liners. For chromatograph used. - 6.3.6 .Regulators. For required gas - cylinders. . r 6.3.7 Soap Film Flow Meter. Hewlett Packard No. 0101-0113 or equivalent 8.4 Calibration. The following equipment is required: 6.4.1 'Analytical Balance. Capable of weighing to 0.0001 g. 6.4.2 Erlenmeyer Flask With Glass Stopper. 125 ml. 6.44 Pipets. 0.1. 04.1. 5.10. and 50 ml. 6.4.4 Volumetric Flasks. 10 and 100 ml. 7. Reagents. Use only reagents that are of chromatograph grade. 7.1 Analysis. The following items are required: 7.1.1 Hydrogen Gaa. Zero grade. 7.14 Nitrogen Gas. Zefb grade. 7.14 Air. Zero grade. 74.4 Tetrahydrofuran (THF). Reagent grade. Analyze the THF by injecting 10 microliters into the prepared gas chromatograph. Compare the THF chromatogram with that shown in Figure 107A-l. If the chromatogram la comparable to A, the THF should be sparged with pure nitrogen for approximately 2 hours using the fritted glass sparger to attempt to remove the interfering peak. Reanalyze the sparged THF to determine whether the THF is acceptable for use. If the scan is comparable to B. the THF should be acceptable for use in the analysis. * Interfering peak Time, minutes Figure 107A-1 7.1.5 N. N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC). Spectrographic grade. For use in place in THF. 74 Calibration. The following item is required: 74.1 Vinyl Chloride 99.9 Percent. Ideal Gas Products lecture bottle, or equivalent For preparation of standard solutions. 8. Procedure. 8.1 Sampling. Allow the liquid or dried resin to flow from e tap on the tank, silo, or pipeline until the tap has been purged. Fill a wide-moutb pint bottle, and immediately tightly cap the bottle. Place an identifying label on each bottle and record the date, time, sample location, and material.^'- 84 ' Sample Treatment Samples must be run within 24 hours. - 84.1 Resin Samples. Weight 9.00 0.01 g of THF or DMAC in a taxed 20-ml viaL Add 140 041 g or resin to the tared vial containing the THF or DMAC. Close the vial tightly with the screw cap, and shake or otherwise agitate the vial until complete solution of the resin is obtained. Shaking may require several minutes to several hours, depending on the nature of the resin. 644 Suspension Resin Slurry and Wet Resin Samples. Slurry must be filtered ming a small Buchner funnel with vacuum to yield a wet resin sample. The Altering process must be continued only as long as a steady stream of water is exiting from the funnel. Excessive filtration time could result in some loss of VCM. The wet resin sample Is weighed into a tared 20- ml vial with THF or DMAC as described earlier for resin samples (84.1) and treated the same as the resin sample. A sample of the wet resin is used to determine total solids as required for calculating the RVCM (Section 84.4). 844 Latex and Resin Solvent Solutions. Samples must be thoroughly mixed. Weigh 140 041 g of the latex or resin-solvent solution into a 20-ml vial containing 940 0.01 g ofTHF or DMAC as for the resin samples (84.1). Cap and shake until complete solution is obtained. Determine the total solids of the latex or resin solution sample'! (Section 84.4). s 64.4 Solvents and Non-viscous Liquid Samples. No preparation of these samples is required. The neat samples are injected directly into the gas ' chromatograph. -,.r. * ;i 8.3. Analysis. 84.1 Preparation of Gas * Chromatograph. Install the v chromatographic column, and condition overnight at 70'C. Do not connect the exit end of the column to the detector while conditioning. ~jr. Ta; 64.1.1 Flow Rate Adjustments. Adjust the flow rates as follows: a. Nitrogen Carrier Gas. Set regulator on cylinder to read 60 peig. Set column flow controller on the chromatograph using the soap film flow meter to yield a flow rate of 40 cc/min. b. Burner Air Supply. Set regulator on the cylinder at 40 psig. Set regulator on the chromatograph to supply air to the burner to yield a flow rate of 250 to 300 cc/min using the flow meter. c. Hydrogen. Set regulator on cylinder to read 60 psig. Set regulator on the chromatograph to supply 30 to 40 cc/min using the flow meter. Optimize hydrogen flow to yield the most sensitive detector response without extinguishing the RSV 0018158 12240 Fades! Register / Vol 46, No. 29 / Thursday. February 1Z 1901 ( Proposed Rules ?' flame. Check flow with flow meter end for each sample by accurately weighing record this flow. approximately S to S grams of sample d. Nitrogen Beck Flush Gee. Set into a tared aluminum pan. The initial regulator on the chromatograph using procedure is as follows: the soap film flow meter to yield a flow a. Where water is the major volatile rate of 40 cc/min. component: Tare the weighing dish, and 8.3.1.2 Temperature Adjustments, add 3 to 5 grams of sample to the dish. Set temperature as follows: Weigh to the nearest milligram. a. Oven (chromatographic column) at b. Where volatile solvent is the major 70*C. volatile component: Transfer a portion b. injection Port at lOO'C. of the sample to a 20-ml screw cap vial c. Detector at 300'C. and cap immediately. Weigh the vial to 6.3.14 Ignition of Flame Ionization the nearest milligram. Uncap the vial Detector. Ignite the detector according and transfer a 3- to 5-gram portion of the to the manufacturer's instructions. sample to a tared aluminum weighing Allow system to stabilize approximately dish. Recap the vial and reweigh to the 1 hour. nearest milligram. The vial weight toss 84.1.4 Recorder. Set pen at zero and is the sample weight start chart drive. To continue', now place the weighing 64.1.5 Attenuation. Set attenuation pan in a 130*C oven for 1 hour. Remove to yield desired peak height depending the dish and allow to cool to room on sample VCM content. temperature in a desiccator. Weigh the 84.2. Chromatographic Analyses. a. Sample injection. Remove needle from 50-microliter syringe. Open sample vial and draw SO-aicrolitera of THF or DMAC sample recovery solution into the syringe. Recap sample vial. Attach pan to the nearest 04 mg. Total solids is the weight of material in the aluminum pan after heating divided by the net weight of sample added to the pan originally times 100. 9. Calibration of the Chromatograph. needle to the syringe and while holding 9.1 Preparation of Standards. the syringe vertically (needle Prepare a l percent by weight uppermost), eject 40 microliters Into an (approximate) solution of vinyl chloride absorbent tissue. Wipe needle with in THF or DMAC by bubbling vinyl tissue. Now inject 10 microliters Into chloride gas from a cylinder into a tared chromatograph system. Repeat the 125-mi glaas-stoppered flask containing injection until two consecutive values THF or DMAC The weight of vinyl for the height of the vinyl chloride peak chloride to be added should be ; do not vary more than 5 percent Use the calculated prior to this operation. Le.. 1 average value for these two peak . percent of the weight of THF or DMAC heights to compute the sample ` . contained in the tared flask. This must concentration. 1 be carried out in a laboratory hood. * b. Back Flush. After 4 minutes has Adjust the vinyl chloride flow from the elapsed after sample injection, actuate .. cylinder so that die vinyl chloride' the back flush valve to purge the first 4 ;T dissolves essentially completely in the feet of the chromatographic column of THF or DMAC and is not blown to the solvent and other high boilers. - atmosphere. Take particular care not to c. Sample Data. Record on the volatize any of the solution. Stopper the chromatograph strip chart the data from flask and awiri the solution to effect the sample labeL complete mixing. Weigh the stoppered d. Elution Time. Vinyl chloride ehites flask to nearest 04 mg to determine the at 2.6 minutes. Acetaldehyde elates at - * . exact of vinyl chloride added. 3.7 minutes. Analysis is considered complete when chart pen becomes table. After 5 minutes, reset back flush valve and inject next sample. 84.3 Chromatograph Servicing. a. Septum. Replace after five sample injections. ' b. Sample Port Liner. Replace the Pipet 10 ml of the approximately 1 .* percent solution into a 100-ml glaasstoppered volumetric flask, and add :" THF or DMAC to fill to the mark. Cap the flaak and invert IQ to 20 times. This solution contains approximately 1.000 ppm by weight of vinyl chloride (note sample port liner with a clean spare the exact concentration). after five sample Injections. Pipet 5G-, 10-. S-, 1-, 0.5-. and 0.1-ml c. Chromatograph Shot Down. If the aliquots of the approximately 1.000 ppm chromatograph baa been shut down solution into 100 ml glass stoppered overnight, rerun one or more samples volumetric flasks. Dilute to the mark from the preceding day to test stability with THF or DMAC, cap the flasks and and precision prior to starting an the invert-each IQ to 20 times. These current day's work. solutions contain approximately 500. 64.4 Determination of Total Solids 100. SO. 10, 5, and 1 ppm vinyl chloride. (T.S.). For wet resin, resin eolation, and Note the exact concentration of each PVC latex samples, determine the T.S. one. These standards are to be kept under refrigeration in stoppered bottles, and must be renewed every 3 months. 9-2 Preparation of Chromatograph Calibration Curve. Obtain the gas chromatograph for each of the six final solutions prepared Section 9.1 by using the procedure in Section 844. Prepare a chart plotting peak height obtained from the chromatogram of each solution versus the known concentration. Draw a straight tine through the points derived by the least squares method. 10, Calculations. 104 Response Factor. From the calibration curve described in Section 9.2. select the value of C that corresponds to H for each sample. Compute the response factor, R* for each sample as follows: Cc Eq. 107A-1 *V 10.2 Residual vinyl chloride monomer concentration (Cm) or vinyl chloride monomer concentration in resin: rvc 1QHS Rf * Eq. 107A-2 Where. .... K,Pttk height of sample, mm. . R<aiChromsiogrmph response factor. , . .104 Samples containing volatile material Le- resin solutions, wet ream, and latexes: \ Rf0 *000) rvc 07* Eq.` 107A-3 10.4 Samples of solvents and inprocess waste water Cvc ' si Eq. 107A-4- Where: 0388* Specific gravity of THF. 11. Bibliography. 1. Communication from R4J. Wheeler. Jr.; Union Carbide Corporation. Part 81 National Emissions Standards for Hazardous AirPollutants Appendix B, Method 107--Alternate Method, September 19.1977. [TV Doc. 1-4N0 rkM J-lMt *4* *) WLLa coot sms si -a RSV 0018159 2SI5S PROPOSED RULES 4 the overall emission level from that existing plant would be reduced. bad been attained by each existing source. The allowable emission rate for ethylene dichloride-vlnyl chloride plant and an existing average-sized Polyvinyl Emxssow Ovtsst each source would be based on the maxi chloride plant, which contain other mum production rate at which that sources than the ones required to meet Because the present vinyl chloride source would be operated tn the future. a 5 ppm emission limit, it is estimated standard focuses on reducing emissions rather than attaining a particular am bient air quality concentration, there is no-provision lor Ttmiwng the size of Also. If the emissions from an existing this will have the effect of reducing total source were already below the emission tout applicable to It, the proposed emendfne.it would give the source credit emissions by less than one percent. Emis ft sions at reduced existing plants would be further as existing axychlorination re- -&^^2" plants or the clustering of plants in a for the difference between the emission actors are replaced with new oxychlort- geographical area. The doubling of the limit and the actual emission level. That nation reactors and as new polyvinyl size of an existing plant or the construc is the baseline emlssioa'rate would be chloride resins are preduced to replace tion of a new plant beside an existing based on the standard rather than on an existing ones. plant would considerably increase the emission test. It is EPA's~Judgment that Under the proposed amendment, ambient air concentrations of vinyl- this is a more equitable approach than sions from new plants would be consider-*^ - chloride in the TirfrJty of the plant(s) penalizing a source which has already ably lower than they would be under the even if the vinyl chloride standard was taken measures to reduce emissions below current standard. For a typical new-lg met. EPA determined at the time of the standard. Such a source would have aVerage-stzed ethylene dichloride-vinyi:' promulgation of the current standard less room for further reducing emissions. chloride plant (318x10* kg/yr or too*** that the coats of prohibiting the produc The emission Units applicable to both XlO* Ib/yr produced), the hourly emis'-^ tion of .vinyl chloride and -polyvinyl the gristing and new ^sources Involved sions would be 5.1 kg <11.5 Ib> instead'^v" . chloride were'toohigh and the continued hi the offset arrangement would be con of 10J kg (23.1 lb). Por a typical new operation of existing plants should be tained In the approval of new construc average-sized dispersion polyvinyl cbio-^- allowed. EPA behoves, however, that the. tion granted by the Administrator under ride plant (46x10* kg/yr or IfloxK . standard should include a mechanism 40 CFR 81.08. s l . - Ib/yr production), the emissions woul 'for prohibiting an increase in ambient EPA believes'that'a policy' of so net be about $ kg/hr (20'Ib/hr> , concentrations of vinyl chloride due to isgease in-emissions due to new coc- 17J kg/hr (39 Ib/hr) and for a typl new construction hx areas where eristfcg- gyjc&on is justified because of the haz- new- average-sized suspensioa polyvinyl , .sources are already located. ardroa'-nature of vinyl ehlortde. Bow-' chloride (88x10* kg/yr or 150x10* 1tt/yrS '7 - Accordingly, EPA. la proposing* an " 'amendment which, would prohibit an in' crease In rn*(w w+shia 8 kilometers -<tan>4 (approximately' five miles) of an - existing source due to the construction -ti.of a new emission source. TUg'means ever. EPA recognizee the potential diffi production) the emissions would-be izsi culties tn implementing such -a policy kg/hr) (30 Ib/hr) -Instead of 16 kg. _ and interested persons are urged to sub (36 Ib/hr). These emissions are calcu-, mit- comments and factual Information. lated based on the emission factors ptih=` Treating to this policy. -^ ''--. - - Ushed in the documentation for the-ex^ j^'iRxnrw or-STAifBAX^'.."*". f f Isttog standard. (I) Ambient air conceit .`that if a new .source were added to an Misting plant,'the increase in f.mJwloos : `due to that new source would have to bo -offset by a reduction In emissions from. " T'other existing sources within that plant or at other plants within 8 km of the construction site of the new source. Slmi'- ' larly. a new pint" could not be con. 'structed within.'-B km of an existing v:plaat<s> unless-the'emission-Increase due to the new plant were offset by an - emission reduction at the existing plant ^or plants, This- provision may result--in .',,.`few existing plants being expanded and tew new plants being constructed ln'.the trations - are expected to - be SPA plans to undertake a full-scale proportionately.,:..-.. mkiw of Subpart P of-40 CFR part 61 The only-negative environmental -beginning three years-from the-proaul- rpact would be an increase in hydrogen gartnn of any amendments. In the study - "chloride emissions at ethylene dichlb^ EPAwlQ review Information concerning ride-vinyl chloride plants if incineration technological advances hi the control of ' were used to control emissions from new vinyl - chloride emissions, to determine oxychlorination reactors. However, du^__ what farther changes might then be -ap- . to the corrosion problems which .woaldHr; psspriate'tO'move toward:the goal of -otherwise occur on plant property;arufi; zero vinyl chloride emissions. EPA will.,'in the community, plants are expectant. aSao- consider recent health data to de-% Jto use scrubbers to control the hydrogen^ tersntne whether the-approach for regu "chloride emissions.-Theproposed amend^h lating vinyl chloride, should -be- Altered, I'ment Is not- expected to have a slgnlflg WJ'EimXOKKXIfTAL'lityACT'C?.- . cant Impact on energy consumption:^ Vicinity of *Trfg***f plants. However, the '/ 'proposed amendment does not preclude '^Ithis possibility.-:'-'-^ . .- The proposed amendment,' in. contrast Economic Impact. -to the current standard, would encourage' The potential economic impacts ot ;tbe development oCnew. technology and ; tproposed standard are: 'T'ifce offset provision would apply only to new construction which results In an ; increase in production rate. Replacing or -- adding equipment such, as pumps- com-'pressora, agitators, sampling equipment - and unloadinghosesls a routine practice *' "at existing'plants.'Additions of equip- ' 'meat of this nature would, in and of ifc' self, be expected to result in little, If any*, .-Increase in'emissions. In EPA's Judg ement. plant should not be required to .prove this fact-each time one of these pieces of equipment la added. The sddl tion of this type of equipment In con- Junction with major process equipment, Improvements in existing technology and would have the following three positive, environmental impacts : '<l).furthez re-l (1) ',,ment -atlon Costs-'for research and' devel of improved methodology for'oper^r; of existing-control technology* dnetloa'of emissions at existing- plants. -that it can be used to meet the.-5-ppmgL. (2) no-increase Is emissions within 8 km .of anv existing source,.-and-..13), lower from new sources-than would be accomplished-through.the current standard regardless of the construction sitel These environmental impacts would provide', progress toward .-.the. .ultimate goal of zero emissions without banning vinyl chloride, and in-the process would provide additional protection of public health by further minimizing the health emission limit.'-- - -* -- (2) - Costs for' research. and/^evetop^1-'' znent of improved stripping techniques-y:-1 .to meet the standard for new polyvtgrtk"^ ' chloride resins. . (3) Cost of research and development^ j .or licensing for converting over oxygen system for a new oxychIorfn*pgg< Treactor. ;v..* ; : ; ' (4) Possibly increasedtransportauon however, is likely to result in-both an in risks to the people living in the vicinity costs of raw materials In the case toa*' crease in emissions as well as an in of existing plants and to' any additional the offset policy results in' the' construe* crease in production rate, end is there people who are exposed as a result of new tion of a new plant farther from^*" fore covered by the offset provision. construction. ^ existing plant than it otherwise wo.P* if the offset'provision were adopted, Specifically, for those existing sources have been.. - the reduction m emissions could be which are currently subject to a 10 ppm (5) Costs of building a new plant mow ' achieved In the production rate of an emission limit, emissions would be re than 8 km from an existing plant in existing source or sources. The baseline duced by half within three years after event that the offset requirement Pr emission rate would be determined based the promulgation date of these amend eluded the expansion of an on the maximum production rate which ments. At both an existing'average-sized plant. . " .. I*?..- FEOCAAl *fOdt, VOU 47, NO. 104--FMU*J0AY, .JUNE J, 1V77 RSV 0018168 SAFETY MANUAL WASTE CHEMICAL DISPOSAL VII-A Group D Liquid organic compounds including organic -acids but excluding organic bases. (e.g. acetone, xylene, butyric acids.) Note: Peroxide forming materials must be stabilized prior to shipment. Group E Inorganic oxiding agents (e.g. bromine, chromerge, potassium & sodium perchlorates, chlorates, chlorites, dichromates, hypochlorites permanganate, persulfates, etc.) Group F Solid pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, etc. Note: Each pesticide & insecticide PLC will have to be reviewed on an individual basis. Group G Known and suspect, carcinogenic materials. Note: In case of a compound which might fit into two(2) different groups put it into the group based on the part of the molecule of higher toxicity. For example, lead acetate, lead would be Group B, the acetate portion is solid organic. Group C. It would go in Group B. Group H Waste oi1s,including oil from vacuum pumps, oil baths, mineral oils, lubricating oils, etc. all with flash points at or above 100F. EXCEPTIONS: The following exceptions will not be al1 owed,(cannot be dis posed of by this Section Vll-A. )_ 1) Shock sensitive materials (e.g. mercury fulminate, sodium azide, azide, azo-compounds, perchloric acid etc.) Issued: 10/5/67 Revised: 1/31/73,7/9/79,12/79.8/80 RSV 0018304 DO NOT QUOTE OR CifE 4. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AIR In selecting methods suitable for measuring VCM in ambient air, two factors must be considered. The method employed must be capable of measuring in the part per million to the part per billion range, and, because emissions are discontinuous, the method must be capable of responding to high concentration peaks as well as low level backgrounds. 4.1.1 Spectrophotometry To design or describe a useful measurement technique or analytical method for a particular purpose requires that three major criteria be satisfied: sensitivity, accuracy and specifity. In addition practicality and economics are important considerations in the development of new analytical methods. As a general rule, it is most desirable to measure a pollutant or chemical specie directly in the matrix or phase--gas, liquid or solid--in which the material is generally encountered. This rule pre cludes any loss or transformation of the analyte to a non-detectable form. Whenever possible, in the following descriptions of analytical techniques, the above criteria will be addressed. VCM absorbs infra red (IR) radiation in the gas phase. The absorption bands at 941 or 917 cm"^ have been commonly used to quantify VC. However, the method is not entirely specific for VCM as interfering substances (Table 4.1) are encountered in ambient airJ Multiband measurement and data processing techniques are available to correct for these interferences, but additional instrumentation is required. The Fourier transformation system is an excellent example of a refinement in this technique. The cost, however, of this type of system would be prohibitive for routine RSV 0018886 DRAFT DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE 11. Maltese, P.f A. Mori, and $. Panlzzi. Gas-chromatographic Determination of Vinyl Chloride In Hydrochloric Acid. Chlm. Ind. (Milan) 50(6):667-668, 1968. 12. Foris, A., J.G. Lehman. Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halocarbons on Porapak Q Porous Polymer Beads. Separ. Scl. 4_(3): 225-241, 1960. 13. Karabanov, N.T., L.V. Isalcheva. Chromatographic Analysis of Vinyl Chloride. Gasov. Khromategr. No. 12, 82-87, 1970. 14. Vlasov, S.M., G.N. Bodyagin. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Trichloroethylene. Tr. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 1:161-162, 1970. 15. Zalinyan, V.P., N.B. Znamenskaya. Chromatographic Analysis of Gas Mixtures in Vinyl Chloride Production. Khim. Prom. Tsvet. Metal. No. 45, 24-30, 1971. 16. Newman, M.S. et al. J. Org. Chem. 28:1851, 1963. 17. Smith, B. Acta Chem. Scand. T6:351. 1962. 18. Levadie, B. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Ass. d. 21_:20, 1960. 19. Hannon, C.I. et al. J. Gas Chromatog. 1:27, 1963. 20. Ryabov, A.V., and G.D. Panova. Application of the Polarographic Method In Analysis of (Jnsaturated Organic Compounds. Doklady Akad. tlauk.(S.S.S.R.), 99:547-549, 1954. 21. Meshkova, O.V., V.N. Dmitrieva, V.D. Bezuglyi. Polarographic Analysis of Waste Waters from Poly-(vinyl chloride) Production. Khim. Prom. (Moscow). 47(4): 271-273, 1971. 22. Tsendrovskaya, V.A., K.I. Stankevich, I.S. Reisig. Selection of a Method for Determining Volatile Substances Separated from Some Plastics. Primen. Polim. Mater. Izdelii Nikh. No. 1, 418-425, 1969. RSV 0018903 DRAFT DO NOT Q'JQTL ON l-ITC Grab samples are expected to lose quantities of VCM due to continuing reaction in the sampling container, wall loses, leaks, etc. Indication of VCM losses in these containers range from 0 to 10 percent per day. Losses of VCM while using charcoal are expected to be larger than in the containers. Collection efficiency and recoveries have not been definitively established. Preliminary data indicate recoveries of 71 to 76 percent when extraction by CSg is used to recover the VCM from charcoal. For 7 data points in which samples were collected in parallel and analyzed by two different laboratories, the values disagreed markedly. The relative standard deviation about the mean ranged from 5 to 140 percent. RSV 0018930