Document 5kdVR7OXvJbExJXBzQVLzep1J

EYOLUTICK OF PAINT AND OTHER HlOTnCXITS COATINGS Tho use of paint as a decorative and protective coating has come to us down through the ages from prehistoric tines* Noah "pitched the ark" within and without - Genesis 6-lij. There are other references to paint in tho scriptures* Its use for decoration and picture painting began ouch earlier in Altinira, Spain and other locations in Western Europe where remarkable pictures have been found which were drawn by cavonen possibly 25*000 years ago* These prehistoric pictures are real masterpieces and are far superior to pictures of battles and hunting scenes on the walls of Babylon erected about 2500 years B*C** and wall paintings found in tombs in Thebes dating from 1500 B*C* In the British Museum a-a many snsanies elaborately decorated, tho old est of these is that of Menkara who lived about 1*000 years B*C* Many beautifully painted things were found In the tomb of King Tutankhaaen where they had lain undisturbed for 3300 years* These references earn to establish tho use of paint at least 2*000 years before the coming of Christ* In New England are many frame houses which have been keep in good con dition as long aa 300 years through continued protection by good point* Among the best of these arei 161*6 1660 l680 1680 1680 - Noyes House* Newbery Port* Maas* - Samuel Clarke House - Newport* Bhode Island - Pardee Morris House - Res H*r an. Conn* - Edward Devotion House - Brookline, Mass* - George Bradfield House - Kingston, Mass* Beyond those there are many others from ICO to 200 years old* Ons of the best examples of paint protection ia George Washington's home at Mount "Vernon. See the attached booklet by Lonare Kent, "Armour Against Time"* This fine old mansion greatly suffered for lack of attention up to about 1856 when a group of woman organised the Mount Peroon Ladies Association to care for this estate* Washington's hams records Indicate that Mount Vernon was paint ed with whitelead thinned with "oyle" and turpentine* Before the paint wee dry tho painter ins to sprinkle white send on it so ee to make it look like stone* At the above time practically all the paint used vas mixed up by the painter fn%njbiaxy raw materials* vhito being made by the method just described* The first offering of a prepared paint vas by e nan named Querteman in New Toxic in 161*2* Hie had been a practical painter beginning in 1827 and later gave up this profession and established e point stars selling paint in cans* Being made of white lead at that time* the paint naturally set very hard and was very difficult to stir up* In i860 the Waterall Company of Philadelphia also teterecLihio the manufacture and sale of prepared paint* Heckal records Waterall* s statement to the effect that he "put up paint in pint to one-gallon cans end Illustrated some with color cards*" This vas probably the first color card of the industry* 0007-SWP-000007335 -2 On July 16, 1867 D. R. Avorill of Hewburg, Ohio (suburb of Cleveland) received patent No. 66773 on a paint compound in ready-mired form, Reaearch developed-that Avorillsued other manufacturers for infringing on his patent* Tha courts decided that the work of Quarternan, Waterall, and others did not in fringe, and thus definitely established that 161*2 was the date of the earliest manufacture of prepared paint in the United States* The above facts were revealed through, research by Hr. Heckel seme years after the publication of his book entitled, "The Paint Industry*, in 1528, The paint made on Avert11* s patented formula was of such poor quality that painters soon developed well-deserved prejudice against any prepared mixture. This prejudice still survives to acme extent and many painters think that lead and oil is the very best paint. Even the National Lead Company until November, 19h6 stated in their advertising that Dutch Boy Whita Lead ated with linseed oil was the vory host paint. For sene months they did not advertise at all -and then came out with an advertising oampaign extolling tha virtu* of a new paint made with blondad pigment containing lead, doc, and titanium. This paint might have been "new" for them, but the paint industry had been supplying paint made with lead and sine since i860 and lead, sine, and titanium sine* about 1920 The U. S. Government decided about 19ij0 that lead, sino, titanium paint was the best for painting exterior wooden buildings, Prtirurl drnt with tJin rtrm il npmnnti nf mrtrrlnr hnuin pul nil, miiiy athw patnta-og~*uch.-u8ea ware effored. The Sherwin-Williams Co, offered tha first high-grade exterior paint in 1880. Among other things it was rocorsaended for floors, but alow-drying made it not altogether satisfactory. In 1881* The SherwinWilliams Co. first introduced special floor paint which "dried over night". In 1696 Shorwin-Wllliena developed a complete line of prepared flat interior wall paint3 In 1903 a line of interior enamels was introduced modified with oil to facilitate the brushing quality. Coincident with the development of new products for household use. The Sherwin-Williams Co. vers making special paints for railways, steamships, bridges, agricultural Implements and many other industrial products* In 1875 W. II. Clover, one ctf the partners who was selling paints to implement manu facturers, developed a nothod of dipping irregular shaped objects into a tank of liquid jmint, allowing the surplus to drain back into the tank. Up to about 1920 there were many varieties of prepared paints, enamels, and vamishee produced to suit special requirements. At the close of World War I * in 1917-18, the duPont Company found themselves with large chemical plants which had become idle through diaccntinuir g the production of explosives. Casting about for some other produet to occupy this equipment they experimented with celluloid and other nitro-ctllulos compounds. At that tin* special ingredients were used only in lacquers for coating brass, etc. Research developed a formula which would carry the pigment and also so modified as to be more elastic and have better wear ing qualities. About the same time the automobile industry found thst the painting of cars proved to be a bottleneck in their production. Cars were then painted with a coat of primer, four or five coats of rough stuff filler, one or two coats of flat coleryj* coat of color and varnish, and a final finishing Tarnish. It took about three weeks to paint a car. 0007-SWP-000007336 -> DuPont research had developed sufficiently by 1920 to produce a pigmented lacquer* It was tried on the Oakland ears in 1923 year* It was found to be entirely satisfactory and in 192ii was adopted aa a standard on all Oakland oars* By 1925 practically all ears were finished with lacquer and thus "Duco* became the standard automobile finish* About the eame time Sherwin-Williams were devoting research to tills same problem and Opex lacquer far automobile* was developed In 1922* This development of lacquer took business away fraa the oil, varnish; and enamel manufacturer^ and to save his product; research developed a "fourhour" enamel which was found more satisfactory than lacquer for some parts of automobiles* These conditions brought about the development of synthetic varnishesf it being found that the natural resin varnishes could not be produced satis factorily or in sufficient quantity to take care of the greatly increasing demand* These synthetic varnishes are very superior in quality of working; drying; and durability and ecanaq> and consequently natural resin varaishes have almost disappeared from the market* Ingenuity of the paint manufacturer and the requirments of industrial manufacturers have brought about the development of a wide variety of entirely new products* These are made to specially resist the corrosive action of chem icals, to provide better and harder finishes on furniture; and one thousand and one special conditions* Sherwin-Williams has been the leader in several of these developments* Among then are the followingI Edmanso, a lacquer to apply a two-tons affect with one coat to furniture ana appliances* Ileetclad* hot spray lacquer greatly minimi wing the thinner necessary to produce spraying consistency* This also qjplies in one operation a protective coating equivalent to that resulting frero two coats of the lacquer* Homoclad* a finishing system for wood furniture canMning the primer end finishing coat in one operation* Dav-Glo and a great many other special products* Continuing research and development are applied to satisfying demands from the consumers for special purposes* Also; many new products are developed through ingenuity of the fomulators* 9/3C/52 0007-SWP-000007337