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August Balter Things for Belter Living ... through Chemistry LOOK AT ACETATE NOW. .. Luxurious acetate, long the glamour girl of the fibers, once was found almost exclusively in apparel fabrics. Like many glamour girls, it may have been too clothes-conscious. But now the fiber has broader interests, and its unique combination of softness and sheen is winning new friends. Illustrated here are some up-to-date uses for Du Pont acetate--in draperies, auto and furniture upholstery, and in non-woven ribbon for colorful packages. BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ... THROUGH CHEMISTRY /\ o E T AT E one oP D <_j F3 o r~i -|- 's INCI CD D E R N -- l_l\/ll\l G fl bers DU PONT MAGAZINE .1 \M Its II. McCOHM ICK. Editor Associate Editors, GORDON IT. KESTER MAIIV ELLEN EVANS Published nnd copyrighted 1953 by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), Wilmington, Delaware. All rights reserved. This magazine or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in U.S.A. 1hr third in our serins, itj carer illustrations mui load articles concerns enpineeriii;j research tit iJit Pout. It is another mujar teseurvh uelirit y that helps tin Company promie l>e[ler Things for Bel ler l.i\ in<: . . Thmuph (.hetuislry. By WILLIAM H. IH'TTON line other day 1 saw a Du i'tmt engineer pm: a sliver of stamless steel into a glass apparatus. 'Hie bit. of mei.nl was mi lugger than a paper maleli. Using a solution llial. ate tinder wlial hail been the stiver's exposed surface, he (looted off an invisible film onto a tiny piastie Iray. "You can't sec it, but it's there " In: said. He burned Iris prize in a furnace the size of it shoebox, using a platinum crucible the size of a thirnole. Still as; invisible as ilnrvay the rabbit, trie i out-enis of the crucible, nestled in its precious i himblo, were Uihen to i.he vacuum chamber next- door In be weighed. The scales were so delicate that a human breath would w is h : it them. I Was ;ten fed behind ;i l.oy-size tele scope which was aimed at tin* scales m: the other side of a glass window in the vacuum chamber. I saw an event that tiol. long ago would have thrilled mi Einstein. The sc:doe' liuirlikc Im lance arm tipped, showing a weight of a few millionths of a gruai. A tiny pencil mark would weigh much more. A ,second sample of this invisible (dm was placed under an electron inieroseope. Allot:ter engineer inv f;.e<| me fu look Now 1 saw' what, yesterday, metallurgists had only guessed at. Even mag id lied 20.000 times all that could be si'<>11 was an unbroken film as eoiil.lmuM.in as ceiloiihaiie. 'I'llis. then, was the transparent, coating liiat flail protected Ule triuhll from which if. had hi*e:t formed, 'Yon are seeing wlsat. makes si amlisfe steel stainless," said Ilk: engineer. A gene ration of great, brains had theorised on the presence of such a him. They reasoned i.km. upon contact wil h moist air, stainless si eel imim. form a protective armor!ike coating of oxide dm-. resists further corrosion. Bill nobody could isolate or analyze I he film. When if; rame !, proof if. was its if it didn't exist. Today, the research engineers of I ly 1`onf's Engineer ing Dept, are both isolating and analyzing the self binning project i vc films that cheek corrosion in si.: tin less sleds, aluminum, titanium and other resistant nef.als or aliovs. They are learning which liim protects against wbal, n Know ledge thal is rewriting materia! speeilicai.ions. Work- . 1 of all processes irrespective of ; in vogue.. ... le a barrel with a bunghole from : c is, a prober into what-nnd-why increasing output was to build i - : : to put more push behind the ! a... ... ward flio extremes of tempera ' i - 're of everything......................... :: - of dale," he said, "as .the old ... " ier a boiling liquid will make it ' ! ' : irlieHthiscovo.ri.es was that too : = -............ -alee your liquid boil less or even .. Hied up that paradox--a basic as begun in 1929. But it was the . ' c : .flit the real change. Then the . | Division was established to , . 0 ,. ; research in the Engineering Dept. Its former Technical Division became the Engineer ing Research Laboratory, with its own $4,250,000 plant. .... .... mg .from what and why toward the how of creating oxide films to order, they' foresee potential savings to America ' that could., dwarf..the... national. debt...in. .time.1 for corrosion.. ..... Research was.begun in fields of others only sketchily explored. laboratory' was devoted solely to applied physics, and in "A separate. .$1,000,000. medianicai engineering. Is no minor destroyer. It costs Du Pont millions and All ten manufacturing departments of Du .'Pont have used D'liclttsfjy Millions' of.'.dollarB yearly,. '....these expanded facilities,............................................. ............ Now-research'doolflf'targely''the''dcveldpmeiita'of'the.. ... past ...ten ...fears, .are a .major reason for"the mounting sc : ' ' '.' . 'ENGINEERING"..;AMD HOLLYWOOD STARS......... .... imjilfaliii.eo.ti...pfj..taday'B....eDgineering.lre8eaiibi.,....Iki....ef.. tools are turning the can'ts of only a decade ago into Today, file study of corrosion is but one sector of a routine procedures in Du Pont laboratories. Problems are new engineering research front that extends from such being solved in weeks or a few' months that, until recently, basic processes as distillation to the making of better x-ray would have taken decades or lifetimes if attempted with pictures--and prettier pictures of Hollywood stars. tools then at hand, The Mechanical Development Laboratory is explor "We'll advance a century in tl* next ten years or so ing metal surfaces with its own particular goal. It is no in terms of prewar standards," a director of engineering research told me. :His field...happened to ,be plastics. He less than creation of the world's most perfect metal finish. Light beams, diamonds .unci, Hollywood stars intermingle saw 'them just emerging from relative infancy. ;........ in the difficult and unusual task. ..........................' ....... ' ........... ftlmost 'equally" riipoiisIHe'it' I" new 'vision faone" that Photographic films are no more perfect than is the sees it arthe first dirty of the research engineer to bridge . . ' polished 'surface of .the roll or huge wheel on which- they ....thb..'..g8P....helwfien .pure. science...and'...fiie.. .builderv-There' is *.. ...are-castr-A-flaw Brtbo'TliH'itiyiatble to the aye becomes' . lion |Jiile design# in &enii-wrtrlcw equipment* *" mi t I. . !;l;trmr;ly visible wlnul magnified Dll A motion picture mt u .-ii. Films h u i h as uvula U; also duinruul a high degree of jK.*rli..-i.'i irin in i.be finish of I heir onsl ing foils. Wln.t i$ the petitet metal mirlm-e? A niiifnipl ion not. nuicli bigger i.h;i a porta bln type writer, bearing the ponderous m ine of niu.f iple-benm interferometer.. was I lie engineers' k i I for Im-iing out. By bmmriiig light- rays oil u surface, the interferomelrr magnifies tin iiiijierfnei ion:; dOd.OO!) time.-;, Thai would lame a postage stamp, pasted flat, to the height of a fu!I nino-story building. You may (.hails that the finish ctfa chromium-plated coffee urn is pet Icci.ioii. To your oye and touch if seems to lie file Last, word. The. iiil.erfcmiiH<.;.er makes the tint:-; finish look ;is rough ns saw t.eel'll, Films cast, on such a scr ew', wi -ntrf mu !:/. VI iviU.as Mnir.'ts, fiw.L 111>* s-ine of VI.U-- eveii l.fehle tile stse of I heater smerts, I'.arltn is reac.y for the advance. Now a sl.ill more versatile rtctolishhig process is in (.he oiling. DiaimiiKls---iiKiny care is of diamonds... are ground info an abrasive |.Mnv;lci' so tine that by comparison baby powder would bo as. sand. A newer polishing rig, racing along al I 2i> milts; att hour, polishes with a tiiivlure of t Ids powder ami olive oil. 'file than ond polished smiact*s pro duced on herder metals, l.ht; engineet s md.ielpai e. wdl keep Uittir finish flunt: or (our times longer than be I cm.:. Wlutls. v/liys and new hows are heing probed wherever cimlnt'crini; touches l.)n Ftnli. operations. Wled. III ter cloth or im-dium is best for wind, process? The eld range of choice was some fiSKJ filter met da; studies have narrowed I In.: choice fur any i.-ne process ;.o half a i.twn. No inslmmelll eoiild eliiial T.lle CVS ill mftirhiw :i I rnln-S" the '. .-TT;tr:Ddr. V : c:iy=i;ydf-:;: f.yV'Y.;-- .V.`T.*.'** . - v * flHBBl tin: sinootnem. working suriace Known on tms cabling vnent, Du Pont photographic films are cast, were doing fairly anyone else. However, the interferometer demonstrated that the very finest of existing metal surfaces were still far from what they might be. The engineers got busy and first developed, a method that obsoleted older ways of repolisliing. They built a precision machine by which the abrasive, suspended in oil, could be rubbed with the right force across the metal surface of the slowly revolving film casting wheel. Although each wheel is 15 feet in diameter i in was j Today, those wheels boast about the finest working surfeee ever put on metal, -Even'the highly erifaeal Inter ferometer registers its pride. Let Hollywood double or *cfMiM!t twit, tlctett mem. More uniform yarn is goaf. of science and technology until now were at a snail's pace, compared to what they will be. Not long ago, young Du Pont engineers of the Poly- Victoria, Tex. Their concern was to find the best way to operate their processes. Assembling an array of facts having to do with temperatures, pressures, rate of flow and the like, they presently departed. Back at Du PontTExperimental Station at Wilming- witti specialists from the Engineering Dept,., these eiy jars-began- playing- with -these-values;.adding to sonn subtracting from others. Purpose guided the play, hoi over. They were assuming that the changes on paper were being made in the controls of the plant itself. Nest they asked; "What would' happen in the plant if the changes we've assumed were actually made?" Pot* the answer they'turned to electronic computers, which in lay language are robot brains that can tell yon if your thinking is on the right or the wrong track. Du Pout's researchers have desk-size robots which solve equations in minutes or hours that would take days or weeks to solve by the old classroom methods. The Engineering Dept, lias a raom-sisse robot that tackles yet more complex equations. Finally, at Massachusetts Insti tute of Technology, is the great Whirlwind Computer, partly government-owned but shared with industry* It can do a lifetime's figuring in hours. YOU OPERATE A "PAPER* PLAN!' The engineers work-from small assumptions to greater ones, from their desk computers up to 'the Whirlwind, Its : answers come out In ptetu regraphs that show, ifit's mom output you are seeking, rising or declining-lines. Then you readjust your aim and. try again, like an artilleryman searching for an unseen Aarget with an aerial observer calling his allots. You change no machinery, tamper with no controls, build nothing but equations on paper. The -robot calculator feeds back advice; "You're using too much ` heat; taper off on your pressure," Yon operate a "paper" chemical plant. ' Once a higher pressure was assumed for a process at Victoria, The robot's response- was a line that shot sky ward. It warned: "Try that and you'll blow up the plat*." After iiiilting a hund red times, ``What willhappen if-- 7 ' the engineers went back to Victoria with knowledge. In a few months, with the aid of the computers, they had done the equivalent of 20 years of work by old methods, much of it work that otherwise couldn't have been done. They now had a simple set. of instructions: to readjust this set of valves, to ease up a bit here, to bear down more there. No money had to be spent on alterations to equip ment; the plant's controls were simply set to a new manufacturing efficiency. The result? Output at Victoria increased by one-fourth! You can try the never-before-dared in this new-day research; the risk is on paper. You can tear down and rebuild, spend millions--on paper. Of course, dreaming on paper is as old as science, but yesterday's dreamers all too often reached a point where the complexity of their dreams left than groping in a void. There is no such point today, not with the tools at hand. To help me grasp the timesavings that these new research tools make-possible, an engineer scrawled a figure on a laboratory black board. The figure was 100,000,000,000,000.'That, he said, is the number of possible combina tions involved in the creation of a new synthetic material that Du-Pont would like to introduce to the work!. Ten years ago, lie went on, those 14 ciphers would have barred any consideration of the project. By methods then in use, tlie work was beyond comprehension. - Then he erased nine ciphers from the blackboard. The new figure was 100,000. "We can now reduce the possible combinations to that by mathematics alone," he said. "It's still a large number," 1 said. "Not today," he replied. "The Company ia going ahead with the research." VE RS US RIVER By T. F. B, DUNCAN 111! the morning of April 23, 1952, citizens of St, Joseph, Mo. looked from their bluff city across six miles of angry flood waters. Their airport had disap peared under eight feet of rampaging Missouri River, at its highest since Joseph Robidoux set up his fur trading post there in 1828. The town of Wathena, Kaim.six miles by car from St. Joseph a few days before, was now 150 miles distant via Kansas City. To top off the disaster, the river current had taken the Una of least resistance and had broken across the peninsulas of its giant S-eurve near the city. Up until this morning, the Missouri had hugged the Huffs north of St. Joseph, veered west sharply near the city waterworks for some three miles, then back east to form big Belmont Bend. Inside this peninsula was Rosecrans Field, St. Joseph's airport. After making this capricious meander, the Big Muddy flowed back under the Hulls close to St. Joseph, only to swing to the west again. This large bend enclosed the towns of Elwood and Wathena, Kans., south and west of the city. Now record high waters had converted the S-design of the river into a crude dollar sign. . As the water went down, geographical and politi cal problems arose. Rosecrans Field and its housing development were thrown on the west side of the river and therefore Into the State of Kansas. Elwood into natives of Missouri. The lawyers hail an answer to this dilemma. They had previously enacted laws In Jefferson City, Topeka and Washington providing that while the mid-channel of the Missouri River was the boundary between Missouri and Kansas from Kansas City to the Ne braska line, boundary changes caused by floods should not be considered as affecting existing political lines. But no one had an answer to the essential fact that the river had been taken from St. Joseph, The Missouri was the source of water for industrial pur poses and a convenient sewage disposal outlet. It furnished the cooling water for the power plant that produced the city's electric power. This was a clear case of desertion, and St. Joseph determined to bring the recreant back, by the scruff ofthe neck if necessary. : NUT SO DEEP AS A WH.I,... ' The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers was the con stable to serve the papers. Its experts found the lower loop cutoff to be "not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a church door." There was still-time to drive some 33,000 feet of piling at that point and shore up 20,000 tons of rock to force back the west-east current of the stein. So they restored the bottom loop of the - S-curve, and St. Joseph had Its river once more. But the upper loop cutoff through the French Bottoms was something else again. Here the water was running rampant in the line of least resistance. Tlie judgment of the engineers was that the river could not be forced to go back to its leisurely but twisting course around Rose-crams Field. Engineering logic was plainly on the side of the river. 'men someone came up wim tne idea mat the channel cut during the flood was likely to be unstable. Two sharp left curves remained where the stream left the old channel and where It rejoined Ms original course. Here the engineers thought nature's work could he Improved upon. If only the newly cut channel could be moved a short distance to the east, the flood's reconstruction job might be consolidated and made reasonably permanent. Some recalled stories of General Grant's attempt, to shorten Vicksburg Bend in the Mississippi in 1363, Army engineers had been unsuccessful in digging a canal across the neck of the bend. Obviously, even engineers do not dictate to big rivers. The engineers of 1952 decided to persuade the Missouri by dredging a pilot channel 250 feet wide and one and one-half miles long at the site where the center of the river should be. Then the water could complete the job. Canal dredging was the first of three phases of the persuasion job undertaken by the engineers. Next, they had to build up a barrier to discourage the water from flowing back into the original S-curve channel and to guide it into the desired course. This was the task of about a mile and a third of dikes and rock Powdcriuan makes up hi* prime* eiirtriilp*. DuPont dynamites were picked to Must rock. slopes anchored by-piling at the bottom. The third step was to strengthen and stabilize the bank on the west or concave side of the newly dredged canal. A rock-covered slope, a mile and a quarter long, was constructed and anchored at a location that was expected to form the west bank when-the river had widened the pilot channel to around 800 feet. Condon-Cunningham Co. of Omaha, Neb. and M&ssman Construction Co. of Kansas City, Mo. were given the contracts for this work. Subcontracts for rock production for the 'west bank revetment and for the guiding structure above the cutoff were let to the Tobin Quarries and J, E. Vandiver Construction Co., both of Kansas City. A terrific amount of rock was required, and it had to be quarried from a limestone rock outcropping on the Muffs several miles upstream. After stripping off the dirt overburden, the contractors found a ledge about 50 feet wide and 9 to 12 feet thick. To keep a steady - flow of rock to the job, they both chose a system of buffer shooting, using Du Pont millisecond delay electric blasting caps. The buffer was a pile of broken rock left from the preceding shot. By spacing their holes wide apart and using millisecond delays. ***!*.Jf AJA UUO UA1V A Utlli AiAiJK, 1* JWUUUV WUUU JLJLig^ -IU without breaking back behind the shot. Owing to slight variations in the rock structure and differentsizes ofequipment, Tobin Quarrieselected to use DuPont "Gdex" No. 2 dynamite, while DuPont 40 per cent "Bed Cross" "Extra" dynamite suited the Vandiver Construction Co. better. Within two weeks, 5,000 tons per day of- quarry-run stone was being delivered. Almost a quarter-million tons of rock was placed, in the effort to control Big Muddy. In late summer, a dredge started excavating at the lower end of the pilot channel. Soon only a narrow plug remained. A load of 3,000 pounds of explosives blasted it sky high. . Muddy waters rushed through the opening at such a rate that the water level above the cutoff was quickly drawn down. Six months later, the old channel of the north loop was only a sluggish drainage ditch that left "Rosecrans Island" as a large patch of Missouri sod west of the Missouri River. Disputing the will of the Big Muddy had been a gamble, but in their victory the Army engineers of 1982 had exacted some compensation for Grant's defeat of 1883. t irport on 1 hi l'out citn'utm ftunuu! fur tiimuimtm. ;V'irlv minpUa hy the Sr.rr for tihipiuHtrft n so. if`s iritminp furor a mono fiutltnhbf'f.s, too by COimON H, KICHTi'iii At ,'t Oh-1 Hi I 11>.* 1 hi SI) f. N" i;tu]\v' N"il|l>]i*r..!l 'll >" (*'ration and (iil 'u o Hul" honor ala *,vj.h lark;- and i>f aiurrinum.. wlijla t----a*r yutsf; nl i.io !>|in.dnl boa-d luol In hi.- ioril<*is|. vviUi m'dinn. y :j <-Id. Aluminum lias Ih v U (k-lriih ral.iv-xl aiti.-o 'lion, lustii*: yrouiid wrt.h ms alls imi iii'iri.' Ilian tonkin;*, ttfs li ir if whit its ivmm.oru'rs. Ill IpitH-; ns ?iii> la.' Ilia Ionia** lotnl. )":i s onto ovali more sa-.-tu! : odny is a I'oreotain t'or I irii;- for itiimiiiiiru, tlosvlnpod i >.*, tin i'.ini'a i-lh vtnadn-miral:-: I d. jin* l kin ipnnv aiijiplies 111:* jKjiViiaiii in i.'ii.imali'r-: at ri<'i-.siac pari trier, vvhtnb ..........is.i.-d villi iiipiimiil. iriil iii-ai luacii on (he luol.'tl. Firrl n>i-,i,rlnif in i !m /hi i 'on! I\ fo t,t, hair yo.-irs tyo, vil rcou.-: c'DaaiH'l lot a.iiiiniinim has bean nsakin:; ittijHirisni! prop.. rare .'Vi l- aiia-*:. A fmv woods aye, for iljKl.ynt.v. svt* stopped al ilia N:,s--,'V. Bureau of Ships !.<> talk with fin* man who have Been sialiar up t lit - iisai m i; I for n,*n* aboard .-ship. Mverari Ch Wood and. naval ntvhkeri :>i i( Btmnni, I old us flits Nnvy lad Imen expenmenims wii.h fi.e muk't fa! .si no; f:)-')(!. And he iiauird some reasons why nonal ruridral ) tilkl lend.; of a. -nmitr-i <KIf.*d ntniomuh t a til I(- tired in I ha Nav v V. I \v<; Hass' stiiiermfrie! r, f (to Nimdi,v.*u and 11 to luh r ini, and in a mimlxT of .smaller ships. Alitmimmi nave-; Voiybl. its a.nij(''<11 U itj n:< about Is;hi' a pound a sparin' foot- ov "r sleek Tin: ]ii:a I'nifni htoh s. tor e>,;tttipf<\ va'i!.;)is -ho i,-.a nils of tore less tli.'in I'oiH't'iti oitial ships of i.liu j sn: :.;yp ' t onmsn d.s iioi 1,1 inuai':;, ;Ui| mt >( rr.irl ttr> <Jt*i ka, rrut)|fmint-b;. inoaarK aitti I sn-j iiMtin- an - Iii.nl,- of I he iijdii '.s-cipllf. tilafal, 'Jil a Navy' V\ s'ntilitr.d anih, evci'','' pounsl o' Hitywl nstaiti:-': nn oatm pr-unsl of ;mnor or arinamcnt adtlod to I Ittf obijsV i:ty thrti i s, . Woijriu. jin'.*, cxo*i\ is i>tiy iiiir- It p of tits* tripod uti svliiali -t.-sv:u .trchtiool.uri* i'ctsl-a. f-vpai'-r and llrxtiral in-iid-n a.x' thi- of in*r two, 'tt>ii t't'ramir-otjri)i*ti atutistmnn has Isvin adsninl.ipa.-; hara. it- it'an svii.Unus I ha anal,at: jisatai is ."OiiKidorn hly sa iT>t.*>;ei' l h;m an tmooniod s:h*<*i id' ilia sumo t-oi ;d fit ink non a 'J 'tie oora mii; it.ores sac*-: liso ntt'l .It'.*; ripidtl.y tit: to !i() jior ci'iii. "i*.'.vor inahii". a tail rcolbtl ham svili n sho svind svti.-. idusvjitf; httrid'.'" Woodl'*ri './fUtlt*ti So know. "Wall, iho rtntilsla you hoar I hero i : anniol fttn;.; like you *rH in a fn-avy rt.1.*! whou e'.orv ! Iiri rtolal t;>ri it'on adnani altriuks Hi Umis ii L i 1: J: 1 . 1 .. ! J. : i t Aii| **i*ii||* Li *4otitis OialJyr ithii * Cssiatis -juri'c,- tauui. In protest., Bulkheads should resist this vibration, and aluminum do&s, thanks to the very real strength of the ceramic coating," Porcelain on aluminum also has what the Navy calls good optical properties--that is, it retains its color and gloss indefinitely. Color, gloss and Illumination in a ship board compartment have a psychological -effect on the crew., Woodland explained. Tests conducted at the New London Submarine Base have shown that- proper visual surroundings inside a sub can even lessen claustrophobia among crewmen, . He went on to list other advantages of the material: fire resistance, economy of maintenance---since it can be washed easily and doesn't need repainting--stain resist ance, and ease of fabrication. Workmen can handle coated aluminum with no more care than they would give to galvanized sheet. It can be sheared, punched and drilled without flaking off the porcelain coating. But what happens if shell fragments rip through a bulkhead during combat, the Navy wondered? Will the ceramic fly off In Jagged particles? If so, the shattered coating might do more damage than the'shelling. , A highly infernal test provided the answer. Soma Bureau of Ships men took a sheet of the material to a firing range, where a Washington police sergeant let fly at it with a service ,38, The bullet plunked through the metal, and only fine, dustlike particles of porcelain came off. They would have been harmless to anyone in their path. In a more recent formal teat .20 and ,40mm, shells were fired at the panels. The results were the same. The Navy at present is ordering chiefly light green and white porcelain on its sheeting, but to civilian users less limited in their choice, the selection of colors is practically without a limit. The ceramic can also be put on with varying degrees of gloss, . . *H.rOa wW wIf iliilt^libirrUfIiNiuUr,^r,hf?t!buLtfr?k Enameled aluminum is used now for .store-front pan els and signs that are strong and weather-resistant. In w isStInIOnnUcfet ehvfaggsmfcebs n\'lf riAwJnnma nHrf'<4o1.r*5nJrLsHF.4JoUrLiiUi.rv*Vfoe III?avfIhAtScsutp:iimldUafti?A with ceramic-coated aluminum: stoves, washers, vacuum cleaners, wall tile, pipes, tanka, furniture, and roofing. Imagine a kitchen range you could lift with ease--yet one il'ics# anrl r?11t*ahlo T+^a' Itli-aJ-vr flinf nn wrj|| T-mi r dfcs bbOUl dllU UlirdlHBi JL h &s iitt,fc5iy UKlb Qllfc5 Will OfcJ available fairly soon, . Take a iionaycomb of paper or some other material, sandwich it between two thin sheets of eeramie-eoated aluminum, and you haw u lightweight, durable building material. It's being used in thin sections for interior walls and In thicker sections for exterior sheeting. This is an outlet of immense potential, - So far no one has suggested enameled aluminum for body armor, which was one of Napoleon Ill's pet schemes for the metal. But the Emperor's erstwhile tableware has come a long way nevertheless, and in its new' ceramic topcoat is elated to go even farther. "Capracyl" dyes, originally created for nylon, are now being introduced for wool. These soffc-hued colors will soon appear in textiles to be wed for men's suitings, shirtings, uniforms, automotive fabrics and upholstery materials, ' Although they were developed specifically for nylon, "Capracyl" dyes possess equally-good affinity for wool. This was established during the development stage when, like all new products, the "Capracyl" dyes were tested on prac tically every fiber to determine thoir dyeing characteristics. Likewise, the "Capracyl" group of dyes were subjected to' a series of basic testa for color fastness.by. chemists at ' the Technical Laboratory in Deepwater, N. J. to provide prospective purchasers with complete data-on each color, "These tests must duplicate color-destroying influ ences that are likely to occur to fabrics," says Charles Sylvester, head of the dye properties division at the laboratory. "For example, the color of men's clothing must withstand sunlight, perspiration, dry-cleaning flu ids,-soaps or detergents, pressing, rubbing, and a variety of finishing agents used by the textile processor before the garment is made up." ' For light fastness, chemists at our Technical Labora tory placed swatches ofmaterialdyed with each "CapracylTM color in the Fade-Ometer, an apparatus that speeds up fastness tests by providing constant, uniform simulated .sunlight. Out of doors, other swatches ware exposed to natural sunlight. - DYES TAKE OBSTACLE COURSE Pieces of material were laundered, dry and wet cleaned, and given hot moist pressing ami other treatments. Tech nicians gave them a workout in chemically duplicated perspiration. They saturated the wool and "baked" it in mi oven for six hours at the temperature at which a person starts to perspire freely. This was done to determine whether or not the colors would bleed and stain other material. Special tests were also made with salt water, reBmtrcatments and water repellents. The- dyed woolen pieces that had been through these obstacles were then attached to a fastness blanket, a long strip of wool flannel that had been dyed the color being tested. Each test swatch was carefully studied by the lab oratory's chemists and colorists, and compared with the color of the blanket. Their conclusions: "Capracyl*' dyes for wool show excellent all-around fastness properties, especially to light. For this reason, they are recommended for dyeing textiles that must withstand sunlight. ' The neutral-dyeing "Capracyl" colors are kind to wool, colorists Bay, because no sulfuric acid ig needed in the dyeing operation. Since they do not color acetate,, rayon or cotton, the "CapracylTM colors are Ideal for dyeing wool in Wends with these fibers for cross-dye effects, . . The future of .the. "Capracyl" dyes- appears bright-- they will add to wool both color and beauty that will last as long as the fabric. I raporl U ii lint itIt PtHii jhinw relardanlH jar pri>tevlin<x rlnth and paper durable type manufactured by the Company's Pigments Dept,, bad been equally as favorable--and case histories have now backed up the test findings, . Newspaper headlines al too frequently tell us why cloth and paper should be ftamaproofed. Not a season passes without its record of death or injury from flaming doth or paper. Fortunately, Du Pont and other chemical manufacturers were able to come up with chemicals for treating paper and fabrics. Today upholstery and curtains for our homes, clothing for work, decorations and draperies in clubs and theaters, and even the tents sheltering our Gl'e are protected from fire by chemicals. Technically speaking, there's nothing in the books that will make paper, cotton, and rayon as fireproof as asbestos. Nor is there likely to be. But both "Erifon" and X-12 can make fibers flame resistant by retarding the rate of combustion so that these flammable materials, if ignited, won't continue'to bum and spread fire. The afterglow ex hibited by fibers treated with these chemicals is of short duration and is usually confined to the charred areas. The Grasselfi Chemicals Dept., which is now begin ning commercial production of X-12, has marketed am monium sulfamate-based renewable flame retardants for 12 years. In the continual search for a better product, however, new formulations were explored and new chemi cals tested. X-12 is the result. DYE FASTNESS IMPROVED The new flame retardant is miles ahead of earlier t?yp6& Miab wtjiiis.ut3Ci Ltjxwiezs, vunico. umm Drown iroiii heat, or dulled colors. As a matter of fact, in 23 of 45 cases where the new compound was applied to cloth, dye fastness was actually improved. While this compatibility with dyes will win friends and influence sales, X-12 will probably owe its selection over other renewable-type flame retardants to its versa tility. It can be applied to'finished goods--or to unfinished cloth or paper. Important from the paper and textile finisher's point of view, water solutions of the crystalline sold can be applied in one quick step withoutfear of process ing temperatures of 275F. and without special equipment. X-12 can be applied by commercial laundries and cleaning establishments such as those now treating clothing worn by workers in chemical plants and government arsenals. Paper mills, textile finishers, and custom proc essors also treat material with the Du Pont chemical. To tell the story of "Erifon" flame retardant you could repeat many of the advantages of X-12 and add a few extra ones--such as its durability and Its tremendous sales record since 1949. Cotton and rayon fabrics treated with "Erifon", for example, have weathered as many as 50 dry cleanings or launderings, and the solution has been applied to many millions of yards of tent fabric for the armed forces. "Erifon" has recently moved Into the civilian market and established itself for decorative brics such as draperies and for pile fabrics used on dress decorations, toys and the like. Now tests are showing that it can be recom mended for flame-proofing curtain goods, tarpaulin, sheet ing, life jacket fabric, and mattress ticking. "Erifon" ia applied to doth in a continuous process only, and is not suitable for treating finished articles. Within the past few months, the method for applying the ... solution..has-been impiOTed... and....amplified, ...remlting.in better looking fabric and lower treating costs. Two kinds of establishments are applying the durable product. The big mills do volume work, and the small cus tom treating plant such as Penns Dry Co. of New York will apply "Erifon" or X-12 to even a single yard of cloth. We asked President Sam Esserman of Penn a Dry what flame retardants lie recommended for Ms customers. "I consider the end-use first," he said, "Banners for trade shows and political rallies, for instance, would call for X-12. For draperies and sheeting, or for cloth exposed to the weather like- awnings or tarpaulins, the logical recom mendation would be `Erifon', The choice depends on the end use.* -- mm .1# i: - i.u %::: .. that's the accident-reduring Du Pant safety color code steeping. Better employe morale. Better impression on customers and the public. Fewer accidents. That's the prospect lor businessmen ! f~J My JAY It. MACKEY "Our accident Bite dropped 75 per cent after using it," said the superintendent of a steel company. "It has been one of the SAFETY SHIN from 6.4 in I48 to 4.6 for 1961," added a Navy spokesman. ' Tne Du Pout safety color code, an- ' '' " ' * ' ' ' ' con- HlGH-VISlBiUTY 1 May 1944 -issue of this Magazine. The 'y' plan was simple; Make scientific use of \ colors and colored symbols to warn of clanger, hut even more important, stand- ' arike safety colors so that they'll always * W uterus flic mie lain..;--mi l.liai red, for TfiAFSC Wlillt I'Xfimpip. will nhvays point out tin* kicn- lioii <il lire Oghl mg *;fiiifunu;t:. The Nn-- ' h iiiu ! Safely < In inn I prumjjt.lv approved :iic plan, ami engi coor,-; .i nd sitiei.y-iititi-.luil Persians in a dost`ii Walksof'lileas promptly I H.g.in situ I V i Mf.: it. Tlii* ucftud jv>ritim>; is 'also rerii; ik- a My siiiijik, a im I rts agree a little suJnty color. like a little saccharin, gov; a long way. Five colors are involved, Iiinvn ALIRT ORANGE arid 1 te I'mu pieced I.lictn, iii.-mfrii' as, j*u-;- ;-r hftr. In rimlit-tii u* tacit i.rad iticiu.il mean- in;.;. The i,m- of lire protecfirm rtd vvifve noted already, Safely green would <-an ti ime to ideal ily ami foea(. fin-si- .lid eqt;i}>- iTielil. I ily*, ii nip jim-if liv rail rands as a symbol of caution, would scant against jioteni ial hazards ranging I rolli eli:<.(.r.e mCAU'UON aiur switch buses l.o machinery taut's down lor rr-puir .-uul abouidn'I be i-t.arf.ed. Alert orange, psycho logically the mo.sl. si .imtl.-Ting and ul U-uiion-get!,!fir of oil Ih k s , would mail-. portions of tmu bines or equipment tiir.t largllt cut. CJMsh, mangle or eleei.-acute, tf.ri;ftif. of \c:l<iw mill hlaek would highlight place-, svlu.it* you could bill or himi|i into sn-notbiiig. 1 i siildii.ini!. white. gray or Wads wore suggested for iitm'mill furi title;.; for SHielt housekeeping equip- incut as irasli cans. Si and art I iced me oH.hesc colors. Hit ivn pointed out. "will intioi radically eliminate lumr.reds r-l' eonliiel.iiij.; color atanflards maintained in I ho past by different biueat::'. ;nnl nsia b| Hitmen!.:;." The Is'etc Yitrk I It rultl-'i'rti.mie reported that the Army's use of the = .)n I'm if an rty color coco '`resulted in nubsl mil ial l edticl ion of acavideuts il; 2(i qii.iiiernastei' and Army .service ilepms. One depot reptr;,ed during the lirst year ai'u*r adoption of" l.he code I hat disabling injuries were cut from 1:1.i1 in '/.<) per million man-hours worked." TIh > plan was adopted broadly by the Navy, mid lieeaim* mandatory for ail shore cntabtis.li'niaiis. Today flu.; Navy's saving;.; n: eoirpeiiHalion anil medical care um to aboi.d 81 pi(II;,000 a vr.ir not to menliou even more! i.n- porl.arii liiitnaniiarian benelils A few months ago, the United Urates Coast. Cyard joined I his military parade. The program 1 tegftrt paying off for tin.' New York City Hoard of Transport'd ion more item six years ago. While mi intensive safely (raining program was uadei* way. (.lie l)n Hoof, safely eftor code was installed flumtgliotd. (he shops. KIgliteen months l.nter, accidents h; d dropped T-tei per ceili. Total savings, acto.-ding- i.o insiiranre slid.Is;ins. ran a limit $('U0.U0(i a year. Allot her I ninsil. company recently hive-ii iggifed sir'dy eolors. "What van you do to make people walcli their feet when getting on n bus':1" Claim Manager I*',;), Templeton, of the Tojiekn Trunsi Kirin tion Co., asked Du Rout. The safely color code .supplied the answer: diagonal stripes of black and high-visibility yellow. After a year's experience. Templeton says. "It's safe to strife that over 90 per cent of the hoarding accidents have been prevented. Only a 15-minute refresher job once every nix or eight mouths is needed to keep safety markings in top shape." Nn group lias benefited more from the plan l han maiinJaccurefs. Du Rent's own record of ten consecutive National Safety Council "Highest Safety Awards" is due in pari, to the use of the code. In 11 oust on. Chic:' Inspector B. .), I Sutler of the Kelley Manufacturing Co. said, "Our accident raft; dropped well over lib per cent in the year we'vc (lushed safely mid painted our mnehhinrv and mov ing and hauling equipment according to Du Pouf's recom mendations. We (irmly believe safety colors, good house keeping, and safety go hand in hand."' The American Car and Foundry Co., when they received "I'enrisylvania's Special Award for Safety,"' gave safety pain ling major credit, for earning the award. In f( :w occupations is an instantaneous response to color more important than around oil wells. Because drillers frequently move from job to job, uniformity of markings is especially important. "The tool pusher, drillers and crew member;.; were soon solo on Hit* safety paint idea. If. kept their rig looking nicer and was easy to apply and maintain," said Safety Supervisor W. B. Cm Stniioliiic] 0;! mill (las Co. Within a year after il.s Or,si, oil-ticld use, tlw: Ameriian Association of Oilwoll Drilling (km 11 aH or;; had approved and recom mended colors for salety. W. F. Rickards of Shell Oil in I lousto.i explained their program this way: "A man driving a new auto takes care uf his car. The same is true of a drilling rig. Our object at Slid I 111 adopting the code was to improve honsi-keeping, believing it. would also improve our safely record. We've won on belli counts." Agrieulltin; is the newest field for the program. Now the Nat ional Safety (loaned is seeing how flu; plan cim be applied to farms and agrienti.nral operations. Here, as else where, I lie iiiKtallat ion of the color code and good safely practices is a team that's paying off wherever it/s invited. 15 I -- I fi^-- . :i 1i .. 11111 'j ~i gj^KiBiiM 4.:5 llWMMMBBhii ::.|:;;H&.;i\-v- .' ^^B5Si8ij|8iil '/'r::':v:>v'T_^_'; -:.Vx ,:-t .C .'. \;.':,:-;:.-.:v-.r.:..;;/ :.. :.i'. .-:; -- * ,. m-:- . : :.+ :.........:;-:/-:yr::V:/ :'Cv:"^ 44".A 4 i , >.:*\; ..<..:' ".-. V,.' Bfc'Vir-'iiic: :-: ! ; ': : ;. , : ' ' TW........... VS '. magmMammm MMMI " Vv `S*&- ..................... ... .,, ..& :::r4-i'SW*>/> :>?<": ;r: -- . f.v... v v: :.;V::'. I mm MBiMi ' .-. V` -;??: :.- ; :v iA " ,.. I;,:;-.! -,. ,, . :> -v..is:Jf-:^: v.: ; r~...... \ _ ^4.. -i:; k 3'=" . ............................................ .-. ' l iiilte,:,,: M ./.:.'. : r >' :`A:.- .': ':' m.: .:' :..:. >...: :. .: ..:.':.: .. . . .. :,1 Si?.., l ,.......... :. 3;:;y:;:.3V3 .>y.v J>.` V..=?;... ..i...;...- r; '-n:::..:!' V... ;:;v, M... '."y.. ". .. :****:::/ iv:y=4::^ .............................................,.v... t.-.^ alllMilBBMMHHiBlilWIBiWBMBBBPnn .v ... :. :. . : ..'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililii :.: . - V.V >v::vr4r " v fe^4/2;.>..iv=v;: . . *. .-. `..............I1::.:;-.- \-y.f r ; .....: ' >'slsSIpS? :^iX '; 'f;; 34; :>; :C,3.: j. . ::: :: .. .:. l .": ? ' "(:3W;'c` I By JOHN N. HRESTKRS Lei me tell you about my job --playing nursemaid io a bunch of drums. Mot ordinary drums such as Gene Kntpa vises but special sled containers, neatly painted light gmv and hearing bright yellow and green labels that identify their contents as Du Pont tetraethyl lead compound. 1 tight (here you have the reason ibr my rather unusual work. Tetraethyl lend, TEL, or lead, as it is sometimes called, is very useful. Almost everyone benefits from tetraethyl lead because it is the additive that gives gasoline ks antiknock quality and makes engines run more smoothly. In gasoline, TEL is easy to live with, but in concentrated form it must be handled like a baby. 'That's where my nursemaid angle comes hi, I run around following TEL drums in transit like a young mother following her frisky offspring. And my kids really (ravel. My chase starts at the Du Pont Cham bers Works m, Carneys Point, N. 4. and usually winds up on board an ocean-going ship lying in purl, any where between Boston and Norfolk, Va. Every inch of the way, every time the drums are loaded or un loaded to trucks, boxcars, docks or decks, I'm hovering near to see they don't get dropped or roughly treated. If you think that's no problem, listen to this. First 1 get a copy of a printed order for, say, 00(1 drums of TEL to be shipped to Japan or South Amer ica n a ship l.o be in Brooklyn in a few days. I head for the New York office of the shipping line and find they know about the cargo. All is fine until l start explaining just how the drums should be loaded and secured aboard ship. 1 tell them TEL is extremely poisonous in its concentrate.;I form, that any leak caused by damage to a drum may have serious results. These (;ic Ih don't bother a steamship line loo much. They're used to shipping any tiling from live snakes and Bengal tigers 1,o high explosives. The difference, I explain, is that whale TEL doesn't ! ;ok dangerous it is a quick-tiding poison if it gets on the skin or its vapors are breathed. So I must explain that no hooks, cnaiiifs, forklift trucks or anything else should be used that might; drop, cruslr or perforate the drums. They should be rolled by hand, placed in a special rope sling, and hoisted to the deck two at a lime (it isn't safe io put them in the hold). They must be neatly placed on end upon lengths of raised boards, so that if a leak should occur the TEL can be safely hosed off tlia deck. Then heavy lumber sides are to be built around (he dinins, and an equally heavy top built over them. All this must bo securely lashed with cables around and over i he wooden enclosure. After this job is done, the drums can be considered reasonably side against the heaviest seas and gales. Next 1 make a visit to the pier where I go through the story again with the man in charge. The pier boss is quite a fellow. He heads a beehive of activity in a rugged world. Into such a world 1 go with a photo album in one hand and a rope sling in the other. The album contains pictures of Imw the drums should be handled and secured. The sling is a sample of how to make the ones to lie used on our drums. The pier boss tells me the exact lime he wants my drums to arrive and where lie wants (Item unloaded. .Let's say ho .specifies 8 a.m. the next day. I now rush a phone call to our plant in South Jersey. The carrier's trucks must lie loaded this afternoon ready for de parture in the early morning hours, When the trucks arrive, f am already on hand. Once the trucks arc in place, the stevedores and long shoremen take over. The cl ruins are carefully rolled from the trucks onto the pier, and loading usually begins at once, lithe ship's arrival lias been delayed, 1 stay with my babies until it; does arrive. On occasions 1 have sat up all night waiting for my ship to come ill. 1 PICK \ DKCK SJTR Hoisting of the drums to the deck starts as soon as the rope slings have been inspected. Then up the gangplank I go. Deck locations must lx: chosen to allow consl.ruclion of the wood enclosures and provide anchorages for the lashings that follow. The board strips are put. down in orderly fashion, and our drums begin to line up in even rows. Once I'm satisfied that all phases of the ship load ing are progressing well, I look up the chief officer or mute, usually the man in charge of (he ship's cargo. 1 explain the toxic, nature of his deck cargo and advise h im to check it periodically during I he voyage. A booklet; I give him contains infonimtion on TEL and tells him what to do should a leak occur tin mute. When lie reaches Tis port of deslinalitm, an experienced refinery representative will be on hand to take charge. it lakes about 13 hours to load and secure (>00 drums, although I've sent offloads as big as 1,200,000 pounds and for destinations as far away as 12,000 miles. This time is not as dull as you itiiglu, think; first, because of friendships 1 make with the odicers and crew, and second, Ix'eatise of the delicious meals they invariably serve on hoard ship. Well, that's my job. You cun call it any thing you like, but. you can't have it. You see, 1 like ltd Forecast for fall itr-m-fnc-rs of men's spnrisw>*<j* have turned lx* fabruas of "tlrlon" acrylic fiber and blends of this yarn tor casual but smart, comfort this fall. Manufacturers are offering sports coats, slacks, suits, shirts and topcoats in a variety of fabrics, pat terns and colors. Sweaters, socks and raincoats are made entirely of "Orion", Flannel suits and slacks, once considered impractical by the budget minded because they did not hold their press or give sturdy service, now come in a blend of "Orion" and wool that provides a completely new standard of shape and crease retention. Tweeds, cheviots and other suitings are similarly Improved. "Orion" in the fabric means less time and money spent on upkeep. Blends of qualities in both fibers. because it provides com- Forecast for fall is lightweight warmth for the inner man and smart appearance-for the outer man --with "Orion". Tweed topcoat in comfortable weight blend of 65 per cent "Orion" and 4-6 per cent wool is made by Edward -Makransky In variety of colors. About $55. Plaid sports shirt by Van Heusen in Wend woven of 55 per cent "Orion" and 45 per cent wool. About III, White divas shirts in "Orion" also available, Sports coat in cheviot weave by Phoenix Clothing in 40 per cent "Orion** and 60 per cent wool is Ideal for wear with contrasting slacks. About $85. Short-sleeved knit shirt of "Thnlspun" by Alamac Knitting of 80 per cent "Orion", 20 per cent wool, Hochonberg and Geib slacks in blend are $1450 up, . < Charconi gray, featured fall color, in flannel jacket from a suit by Hart Sefaafiner & Marx and L. Greif. About $55, Shown with light gray slacks, < Sweater in "Orion", available in pas tel colors, made by Bamberger-Reinthal to sell for about $10. Sleeveless model in "Orion" retails at about $7.50. $"h\ :.: - i f!: i i \ \ ir^'i Mr:- :> )>\ fiaji ..Mm '-mu iui; ^ j r >{ i *<%.? 4>: ;{**.> !" Wttr:N } a> j\aa{ i< >> I <>j ' * '*.' i ^ * !> r`'*U ; -i : ' ^l i: ! i L;;: i i-il'i ; ;i:;! II \i'T 1 >: : -r :: of - :i :.:i- i:\f V i: V `ii '! i i: [ :> ;i i l i 1 : * ' i >:'' s ( " . ! ; ill:! M.:r: ; i: U:.i ; . ! V *' =; i : i;; : - ! : ' : ` i ' i : \ .: v' i i* Sfii- i . :! ; M: I : ? \' s ; \ ;:T\ ' ` | v' i !: ;:ii ? : : i : : : il' ; ;;i tn;i:TU:.'iv*c S! i i! \\ !: : : [ ; urn1 v'y-r'^ : Ij : { !: ,;,. \: i v *! i : >' i: ' i : i 5 L' :\: ;: ;\ : i\ Mi- hi:1'V: i).. V A ifuh-Ji gimme at ``Super (lnr<him'' high lemm/iy rayon and same of the jolta it mill stoon he performing I onlimiing Du Pont research on rayon has produced a new type of high tenacity yarn, especially developed to meet LIio requirements of tiros and bells fur today's fast., higher powered cars, trucks and industrial ma chines. Trade-marked "Super Cordura" high tenacity rayon, the new yam fills a need for an economical fiber stronger than today's high tenacity rayon. Extensive laboratory and Held tests indicate that "Super Cordura" has about 20 per cent more .strength, and has substantially greater resistance to the damag ing effects of moisture and flexing than current grades. Rubber companies tested tires built with "Super Cordura" on buses, on a Heed, of taxis, and on trucks hauling ready-mixed concrete. Cords removed from tires after 10,000 miles showed liLI.lt? loss in strength. Tire cords must he able to withstand complex flexing every time 1.1 le wheel turns. Under heavy loads, "Super Cordura" showed up to 25 per cent increase in flex rosinimice. This means fewer blowouts, gre; t ter safef,v on Lite road. Tire cord oP Ruj>er('< <rd ura" reduces damage from all kinds of inlands and bruises, and leaves better cai'casses for recapping, AIHS Til IM'ff.T Ui'i: V-belts have also been improved by the new yarn. .Laboratory tests proved that they had a sub.slani.iafly longer life than similar V-belts mails: with cmxciii. p,rndesy>f high tenacity mvon. Field tods on oil well slush UHp drives, where service conditions lor hells are extremely severe, brought quick response for "ex traordinary performance.' ' Manufactured ni. !>u Ponf.'s Richmond, Vn. plant, "Super Cordura'' high tenacity rayon will he available in limited quantities 1.11Is fill. We will give you a progress report on this new yarn in an oarh issue. The valve that forgot to corrode x *. otci.s its 4 .\im tifv to a tiittph ragm made from '"Tejlmi" resin rtv h'AUNM , .f. KINK li h 'ij 1.1 toy started pressing gold into coins for easier handling. <:< mud ullurgicat |>rt>lIcnt was how to coax chi* yellow dust, into sticking togei her wills ml. mixing ;n sc much. adhesive that, tin; coin would lx: mine stick am Ilian gold. Somewhat the same rlillteiilly faced the men who discovered Hint "Toilmi'' lei rnfiuoioi'lhylfine resin, which coin;);tret, wtlh plai imitn in repelling eheniien! ;il,i;it:k and is wi:I-on:. rival among j>l;ih iics i i wifbsl audios heat. his I couldn't 1m; economically inolnod like ether pi,.si ics. limy hud it product will) a bosk of uses fhat would become even more numerous if 1 liny amid lid; I he molding problem. But adding a plasti cising material probably would change the nature of Ine resin and lessen 'is unique physical toughness, Du Font scientists who laid developed "Teflon" found an answer, and. in seeping with our analogy, they took a cue from Fie coiners. 1 '!icy borrowed techniques of jxiwdcr metallurgy, Rv pressing Du Font ``TelloiT molding powder irtn forms and putting' if. un der con trolled high hen Lout came tnepartsthey warned. When tb<-dev elopers got, through. they had molded. "Teflon" so IJiat the resin's media ideal uses were increased wl i Iks preserving' the catalog of propert its flint liave given "Teflon" the name of tough guy among plastics. It still wouldii'l, absorb .any water. Its resistance to tempera lures as high as 000T'. con tinued. Anti still nothing would really stick to it. Raybestos-Manhattan, Jnc. adapting and expanding these technique-H, became an nu(.standing mokler of parts mack: of ''Teflon". All this was good news lo a company like lliilsMeCanna, Chicago founders and manufacturer,s who buy their valve diaphragms of "Tollon" from liaybestos-Manhai. l:;m. Hills McC-amm have been in the valve-making business 22 years. And within the pasl year, they have found that equipping their Saunders patent valve with diaphragms of `'Teflon" is a natural for firms Mini: deal with extremely corrosive chemicals at high temperatures. Makers of anti biotic drugs, for example, process at extreme? herd, to insure complete sleritiznt ion. So do can tiers of foods and beverages. They need a valve diaphragm that will stand up against chemical attack as well as top tempera lures. Reports from users have boon so favorable that; by this fall J lills-McOamia will market valves with diaphragms of "Teflon" tor valve sizes from one-half through four inches. A diaphragm of "I'dloir", customers report to 11 ills-McCainia, oilers a cushioned and leak-tight seal. Chemicals can't, got through to corrode (.lie valve's working mechanism, nor can grease from the bor.nol seep down to conlamiimle the chemicals. 'Urn dia phragm Hexes enough lo allow easy turni-ig of the ha lid wheel in shutting the valve, and closes around minor surface irregularities in the body, `Teflon" makes the diaphragm si-if-.de,sissing, for other matter can't- stick I iglifly to it. "The striking feature about, run: valve diaphragms of `Teflon'," says V. l\L Barber, a Mil It;-Met 'aimu executive, "is their am;;'/.ill!',' resistance to cliemicais. You can give a fairly long list of ehemionIs (hat. con ventional diaphragm materials will handle. Bui with `Teflon', all you have to say is it will resist- every industrial chemical we know of except chlorine l.ri/luoride. molten alkali metals and hot fluorine." A Wisconsin company, served by 11 ills-Met'amn. processed such highly corrosive material that I heir valve diaphragms had U> be conurniaily replaced. Hot weather meant daily changes. According to Barber: "After a month's use of our new valve, they took, out the diaphragm to inspect ii. It had fbrgoiien ut cor rode. Sjooked like new, they told me." Squeeze play for dyes I*oiI cooks [baler in :i pressure .cooker bee,-mao the water gets hotter Bum it would ul. atmospheric pres sure. A similar principle applies in the pressurized fabric dyeing mad line shown here with ilx inventor, 1'aui L. Cole of Du Font's Textile Research Labora tory. Introduced a year ago, lilt? machine has, since beer, simplified and improved. '1'lie newer man-made libers absorb only small amounts of vvaler, the frndifional medium lor ap plying dyes. At. ordinary l.emperaturcs these newer libers fake up colors reluctantly. But at the higher l.eiiiperiltures achieved with pressure, fabric is dyed more rapidly, more uniformly and with better fast ness properties. The pressurized machine also may have advantages in I he dyeing of my on and acetate its well as natural libers. Co-e calls his brain child flic band or (ruin tile Greek bums, for weight or pressure, plus the English word rttur. Fabric to lx? dyed is looped over the stainless steel rods and swished repeatedly tliroujfl'i the dye hath. Firms licensed by Du Font will rnamifurl tire the miielene for dyers. 3\cvr underesf imate the powder of women - . . `'The facts are that in the first quarter of i95;i wo fuuiid our powdered blondi solas up 23 per omit, over the last; quarter of 1952." Why? Women like the stuff. "Our sales in 1952 increased 62 per cent over 1951 rmd 164 per cent over 1950." Again, the liortvv makers are responsible. These impressive statistics are quirted by two companies that make and sell powdered bleaches con taining [)u Pont sodium perborate. The first is a newcomer to the field, rmd alter second. Tidy House' Products Co., has been a pioneer with "Dexol", Both concerns have records indicating a steady increase, largely attributable to widespread home use of (his type? of blcoch in the bill of .1951, through these pages, we intro duced you I/O powdered bleaches, the newest, friend of the family wash. The chief ingredient, sodium perbo rate manufactured by our Eleetroebemicals Uept., is a thorough hut gentle bleach. Since I,hoc the story is one of beanstalk growth the number of (tickages sold each month has risen from 650,000 to 2,000.000. Homemakers have tried it, liked if and gone back for more. They've told their neighbors about it and written to friends across lho country. More I,han 20 companies are now manufacturing sodium perborate bleaches, and three of these have their products cm shelves throughout the nation, AI least one firm markets a regular ten-ounce package phis a 29-ou nee size. Why do powdered bleaches have such a feminine following? Let Ihe homemakers t,elI you, "I haled lo hang out inv wash; II was muddy gray. My husband even haled to sec; it on the line. Then 1 bought and tric'd powdered bleach and now ihe laundry is bright and dean. I'm really proud to have washday come." That w;is a New Orleans housewife. From New Yore: ".It is one bleach 1,1 nit is side for file enluv wash, and it Is so light in weight a id easy to use;." An Indiana mother says: 'Powdered bleach is safer to have; around when there are chil dren who are apt In spill if. 1 also like Ihe fact that (here is no odor to stay on the hands." All washable fabrics...whether of silk, cotton, wool, rayon, nylon, "Orion" acrylic fiber, or "Dacron'' polyester liber, and wild her white, colored or printed are safe in perborate bleaches. They do not impair fs t brie; strei ig I h a ml, furthermore, ihe firrbon t to bleaches are safe for i.exi iles that are crease-resistant or shrink age controlled. Perborate bleaches are most, etliciejii, when used in hot water, and when lower temperatures are required a longer bleaching period is recommended. Ovenrigid soak mg rd. room temporal urea lias proved effective for Ihe newer syni hel ies. The active imp'edienl. in the gentle powdered bleaches is sodium perborate. It is, in died, a solid a nrI movement form ofhydri igen peroxide that DuPont has long supplied many textile mills lo achieve iongInding whiteness in shoe I s arid t,envois Now it's the' housewife's turn to cash in on i he useful ehomieah --fi'i : .vH.^:/] .v??` *?":.; .;:: V>:Vr::>.;:*::w'.'.';:.-:-... ' liWlliiifr. - gliilll - '-EiSl.:. TiiiiiiTi.r m f5i? MHI v;lfe Eighteen months before nylon stockings appeared* nylon-bristled looilibnuhes mere eem broader than that of its textile cousin more than 100,000,000 toothbrushes last year, A new ; i'dMM scope, perhaps, but nothing more than expected by some of the Du Pont pioneers who first marketed products of nylon plastic filament as early as 1938. That was some year and a half before nylon hosiery appeared to capture the fancy of women and the Imagination of the press, Du Pont recognized from the first that long wearing, fast-drying nylon should make a superior bristle. The Company was familiar with the brush in dustry's needs, since it had been in the business for years. The Arlington Co., purchased by Du Pont in 1915, began making toothbrushes in 1010, when rela tively few Americans brushed their teeth. Early research on nylon bristle was done at the HP .ill Bb b I **.* ***.* * *#-t two men from the plastics laboratory at Arlington, N. J. were .assigned to help steer the product from the laboratory to the plant stage. The following year the first spinning unit for lington. The gleaming filament was squeezed out at the unimpressive rate of four pounds an hour, but al ready batter and faster models were on the way. From there the continuous..filament., was sent .tathe Du Pont plastics prodnets plant at Leominster, Maas, where 26 Typical Products of Nylon Monofilament */ Jt i / *> / : tie: first nylon-bristled'toothbrushes'were produced, ' . As production increased, nylon-monofilament'was available id other manufacturers: They used it in hair-' brushes, cleaning brushes, fishing leaders and, in. 1942, . . in the first of dozens of successful1 industrial brushes. In a high-speed bottle-washing machine,! example, - nylon brushes outlasted their predecessors from 3 to 20 ' ' ' tines. And a-nylon-bristled furnisher brash for textile printing lasted so much longer than vegetable bristle . ; that the iiiaimifaetarerhecided to make the brush body . : of: steel Instead of wool, lie-ended up with a much ' : more ^expensive brush* but Ms customers were glad to The problem' of adapting nylon for .paintbrushes . ' was one of the first tackled at Du Pont, and was the : knottiest :connected with the program, Besearcheis . were slowly making headway when a phone call was received. "This.is Lt. Berentsen of the Navy," saidthe voice. "Pd ike to talk with you people about by midsummer sample brushes bristled with nylon were submitted to the bureau. They were approved. As it happened, the first of several Navy contracts for nylon bristle was accepted by Du Pont one month before Japan's surprise attack. When war did come, the Navy's paintbrush supply was secure. Assuring the Navy a supply, of bristles for brushes still left a lot of work to be done. A bristle of uniform diameter, like that used in other brushes, made a paintbrush that performed like a mop. A bristle that tapered from the bu tt to the tip was needed. The engineers -designed a spinning machine to turn out continuous filament of alternately large and small diameter. Chopped in the right places, these filaments became tapered bristles. But before being cut, the filaments had to be drawn to four times their length to develop maximum strength. . ' For smooth painting, the tips of the bristles also had to be ground to a long fine point. At first this was done after the brush was made; now,-following a post war study of the problem, the bristle is ground first, aKaffni' nrlOfcivttJJL II It?Li4UwL ' This postwar study, described in one of our 1951 issues, was conducted for Du Pont by the Battalia Memorial Institute. It covered the entire design and manufacture of paintbrushes tufted with Du Pont nylon, and resulted In techniques that have improved paintbrushes significantly in the last few years. -Furnisher- - hruek--on--textile.prinlur -was-fwl-uf i loriR-llite- The call came to Du PontV Wilmington head -quarters: on Feb, 24, 1941. Pearl-: Harbor was ten months in the future, but the Navy, which prides off the supply, of Chinese hog bristles-for brushes. Some other material had to be found. . Painting`is surely as typical of the Navy as swab bing decks. There's a saying in the fleet; "If it moves, salute it; if it doesn't move, pick it up; if you can't pick it up, paint it," Salty humor, yes--but without paint a ship would soon-rust into useleasness. Lt. Berentsen phoned several more times on the same subject,-and'the upshot was a conference at the .Navy.Bureau of Ships, .attended by..a-..Du. Pontrepre-.. p and : FILAMENTS FROM V. VA. Since 1948, nylon monofilament has been manu factured at the Polychemicals Dept.'s plant in Parkers burg, W. Va. From there it is shipped In wrapped bundles to brush manufacturers and to makers of ten nis racket strings, fishing lines and leaders, and doll wigs. In industry, nylon-bristled brushes are smooth ing on labels, polishing metal, scrubbing leather, coat ing paper, andcleaning candy and fruit, to mime only a few of its more than 3,000 different industrial jobs. One of Parkersburg's new products Is limp nylon monofilament line for spin fishing. The line is made of a' new type nylon, which is limper and higher in tensile strength than the type used for brushes. Fish ermen, lie it as much as the fish must despise it. A good Parkersburg customer, of course, is our Leominster plant, which last year helped contribute to the flood of more than 100,000,000 toothbrushes manufactured In the United States, The plant now makes'some brashes with tough nylon plastic handles as well as nylon tufts. Newest in the line Is a tooth brush -with soft nylon bristles--tufts of more than 1,500 filaments, each only eight-thousandths of an inch in diameter. Other Leominster products made with nylon filaments are ultra-soft hairbrushes for babiesi, a one-piece brush and comb, purse brushes fir the hair, and hand and complexion brushes. Since that first toothbrush sale In the fail of 1938, the Du Pont plastic has been working a profound ..revolution,.Today, nylon.monofilament lias become..the. generally accepted standard in a dozen different fields. 28 '"Vv'r. ; Irita m I A waterless hand cleaner which removes grease, paint, oils, carbon, tar--just about anything that soils the hands of the mechanic, painter, motorist or handyman--is the newest addition to Du Pout's No. line of chemical specialties. liquefies on contact with the skin. The liquid reaches crevices and fingernails, rapidly dissolving grease and grime. lilMllil!lll!l!|ll lli|ll!lllliHBlM ^.... hands for years; "Amazing cleaner. I could use a case right now in my tailless," A printer was pleased to find it removes printer's ink. He provides the waterless -cleaner for all of the pressmen at his plant, A farmer, whose hands had .been well coated with ' ** " `' ` "ug, found Du Font's eight-ounce metal container is now a standard item for the glove compartment or trunk of their car. They say it can't he beat for a wash-up after changing a tire or tinkering with a motor. Mechanics and service station attendants, who must i a day, In--the--28-ounce sine, The--cnm--romains----etable--m--the container-- Dit 1'itlll in /'> co/oi'-S helfi st-tl hospital cijuipmintt mwti` i>% Sit a in-taint' (itmiinttiv of Si. hoofs MARY KLLEM EVANS Trips to the-hospital, while not as frequent to the dentist, are now accepted as a necessary aid to our good health,'Not that more people are ill. The health of our'nation has never been better. The answer lies in the attempt to stop diseases before they get a atart unci in the greater availability of hospital services, from big to remote communities. 'Surgeons In''these "Riptils' Ire'"demanding"ecpip- meat techniques. Their demands keep designers uni engi- 1 ICtuliSs Ouo) it* b >UI lllllU vattlUilfts as the new table for major operations made by the -Shampaine Co. of St. Louis. The table, complex yet easy to ad- Surgeons like ifa control wheels and pedate, easily adjusted By the slightest; touch of the anesthetist at the head end of the table. Each section of the table is Independently adjustable to positions that meet the needs of present-day surgical technique. For greater speed, the anesthetist may lower the patient's head, raise the kidney section and turn him on his left side --all simultaneously. Hydraulic units in the base of the table adjust the height from 31 inches to 48 indies to suit the surgeon, TWO SCORE TABLES Developed and manufactured by Shampaine, this table is one of 21 hydraulically operated tables and 20 tubular examining tables made by the company. Shampaine, in fact, manufactures everything for the hospital operating and physicians' examining rooms from instrument tables to kick buckets. All their equipment, made to meet the high won't scratch or chip. `Dulux9 finish stands up under a constant barrage of medicaments, cleaning com pounds, sterilizing solutions and anesthetics. Our equip ment is in use in almost every climate in the world, and our sales are pretty conclusive proof ofits high quality." A good customer for Du Pont finishes since 1934, the Shampaine Co, now also uses Du Pont strippable coating to protect the glistening itainjeas steel as it passes from the polishing wheel down the assembly line. After the danger of scratching is over, the non adhering coating is simply peeled off. . Founded by Abe Shampaine, a metal craftsman who came to this country from Russia in 1905, the Shampaine Co. has expanded from a small workshop making hospital furniture for another company to a four-acre plant that is the largest single source of hospital and surgical equipment In the world. IWiiiiii iSW.. , . . :. v | U'i" t* Ll* .V ikiiiciii* tail dij Uiffuitni * iu- iii' (tin: iilitti jvfrjtaki jig'a standards of doctors and hospital administrators, is constructed of stainless steel or ofstainless and carbon steel combined. The carbon steel parts are finished with Du Pont "Dulux" enamel for durability and lasting beauty. Nineteen colors, plus numberless color combinations, were selected after a nationwide survey of preferences of doctors and hospital administrators. While personal tastes differ, Nile green and plantation green lead the list for hospitals, and cream white is the favorite of physicians. In its large orders for hos pital equipment, the Army asks for blue spruce. "We chose Du Pont enamels for the multi-coat, balted-on..finishes,". General.Sales..Manager..Frank... Martin says, "because the surface is hard, durable and In the early '30s, ingenious Abe gambled on a company of his own. He and Ills chief mechanic made working models of-operating tables and tested them in .hospitals. His son Bob, now president of the com pany, cut classes at Washington University to help sell the products. With the war years and a sharp rise hi sales, their early struggles began to pay off. Research and development of the finest products possible for the hospital and physician, and the phenomenal growth in the use of hydraulic equipment sent their sales skyrocketing. : Such quality equipment, coupled with new drags .and. nea.Miilra.cle...operations,-helps, make-a-visifc. to.a modem hospital a day of hope Instead of despair. , THE BUSY APHIDS shown here, red spiders, and many other insects are killed by new Du Pont Aphid & Mite Spray, recommended for flowers, ornamentals, ....swifffeels,.Sails aiH.vegeiableeT The" insecticide is sold in liquid form for mixing with water. A four-ounce bottle makes 16 to 24 gallons of spray. . COCKPIT COVERS for the protection of trans parent enclosures are now being made fertile civilian aircraft industry by Du Pont. V-Cockpit Cover #3. purl of the (`otnpanv s "Fabrilite" viiwl-nwlecl fabric line, has a soft fabric haw* ansi an aluminum top coaling I o reflet I rumiglP. The iietleriul is already being supplied io the Air Form. Ill <; ,SM.,V! TKR is removed quickly, before if. can mar eat' fmMi or ehmmitnn, by a new cleaning powder in the Ihi Pont Mo. line. Also good for cleaning windshields and headaghf s, Hie oowder rinses off wif h water anti is designed lor use with Du Pont car wash. "MVI.AU" POLYESTER FILM, one of the newest products of Du Pont rcHcardi. is the subject of a icelmical bullef m contain ini; informal ion on the physi cal, elcej rieal ami eheimoal proper!.a>: of the film, and liugycsiud applies I ions. For a copy, wrile 1 hi Pool. Film !If*{.it. Ml... Wilmington PH, Dip PHOTO CREDITS: Page S: Ctmrleiy 'tj, S, Geological Survey: Page and bottom center: Courtesy Stfuioltnd Oil and Gu m Con Page 1S, licit loin right: Courteuy Court try Gowf ktmsnrFa^ea 30 and 31: CourCourtesy IL p. Air Pom?. < k h riiisi irays In Ip nil *<>*!; ' 1) KlNt! ! : 'tiling il' you can liiul it," . = = : : ! : .. , = way talking. He .heads . . : ... lamaliou Divisiini, whirl: tside the Company forthe diwtiical iriamifiaciuraig, : : S-USDxOOO wttrlli of . 1 - : .. ; . ; is mnlerialB, thus cutting >. a x you pay for Du I'ont'.s rneinl (imling a market ;s. iu. : ; IcfeiiHe program has seen : :W:: S& i v'.S 1952 Collection Of : : = :Cl D'} aC'l'ilJ) WUS ClKHlgll i; from ore, all trio sloe I for .iore than a million five- si eel, S<S It's salvage pro-a. pounds of topper and a a-- --atsof lead, ft)'I,fmils ; . .(|* of nickel, ard 18,50(1 . dill ends Up US HCitU[J, of a ; : dollars' worth of inaclim i Dwers or transferred within \ : , 'as:liitied wen; still usable . . :ui|jment, inoion;, pumps : afit risi'd iiller t'Citlis would cloth used to alter viscose '0 ' >|)Il;1110 plulllS i.S Sold fo I* a : 8, ; ;] 1(1 Hll] Vilgrt l t It) til US (1 : .a:' .: ) of S&ICs sates fast year, : :;Olllf'V (5 50,000, .*111(1 UStttl : .a, a. aland $8(10,(100. .: i ;. ales figures are tlie many 1:o a , se at Du Pont plants rind iy for more mileage alter at vo been cut oil" and re- . ; ; :*!- a- .s, safely ghuases and yog- a : . :0 *. ming cloths go hack info ud nalchotl up. Salvaged . ; kle for fuiurc use. Kven i: : * . iltlO 81 !* tell pllds. TIuH a . ; : . ,-p In $8,000 ,i month at a : : .rcioiie though, according hi rf eonsi-rre impmimt! muteriat. to Broadway. `'If you're not careful, you can spend $5 to save 62, You have Lo waldi that,. Some people become ovoraealous an;I tarn into siring siivera" Dismantling of old or outmoded Uu Pouf munii- factoring facilities is also an S&R responsibility. Last year the division handled 84 such projects. On mew plants, S&R arranges for the gale of any excess con struction materials. Know anyone who can use sodium sulfate by the tank car? They can buy it either as a slurry or a salt from S&R. How about acrylic waste, possibly for con version to soil conditioners? Or a mixed brew of organic acids and aldehydes, available in ton-a-day quantities? As a suggestion, the acids might be ex tracted and the. balance used in plastics manufacture. CHEMICALS ON SALES BLOCK ' These and some 40 other chemical by-products and residues from Du Pont plants are among the materials S&R is attempting to market in its newest campaign. Any reasonable offer will be considered, Customers for many chemicals and residues have already been found. Lime, for example, is being hauled from Du Font's Waynesboro, Va, acetate plant at the rate of 60,000 tons a year for farm use. And aniline sludge, a mud-like soup of finely ground iron oxide discharged at two plants, is sold to a dealer who resells it as a raw material in steelmaking. Both the lime and the aniline sludge were liabili ties before S&R found outlets for them. Waynesboro, with a 20-year accumulation of lime, had been forced . to.buy a nearby farm as a .storage yard. About 600,000 tons of the stuff had piled up by the time S&R rang up the sale. Another marketable residue ofrayon manufacture is caustic soda solution. A rubber reclaiming company and a paper mill buy it from the Yerkes rayon plant in Buffalo. They pay less than they would for new caus tic, and Du Font is saved a costly disposal problem. S&R has come a long way, philosophically as well as financially, since making its first $150 sale of a sulfuric acid by-product In 1907. Today it sees itself as a creative selling agency, particularly for chemicals and residues that have been considered un salable up to now. "Our Du Pont plants used to come to us," says Broadway, "but now we go to them. We ask them ......what... they.have ...running. in.the ..ditch, ....and.then ...see... if we can sell it." added prestige and more recognition for the business executive. He said the, ia , hceauae high personal in cometaxes are making money incentives less attractive. Unlike the older professions, business'has "no patron saint and no oath hallowed by centuries of -devotion," he said, "Yet the America we know today -.its high, living standard, its strength, Its position as a world power--would have literally been impossible without the executive function , , , The faet is that the business executive's part in our national develop ment has been as profound as, and farmore lasting than, the exploits of the warriors and the makers ofthe laws." in hot weather, whether you feel thirsty or not, is one way to avoid undue fatigue. It isn't always easy to make a job simpler and less tiring without disrupting production schedules, Dr. Brouha admitted. "It has to be done patiently, by trial and error, and with the dose collaboration of the physiologist and industrial engineer." COLLEGE AID For almost a year Du Pont representatives con ferred with.'educators, other companies, foundations, and government agencies concerned with education and research. The purpose: to determine how the Company could most effectively improve its program THE T 1111111 MSI1L1WII ofaid to higher education. For years the Company has maintained many postgraduate fellowships and grants- . , . that sometimes comes at the end of the day in-aid in support of fundamental research. can be measured with a stop watch and a. thermometer, As a result of the study, Du Pont has announced Dr. Lnclen Brouha of Du Pout's Haskeii .Laboratory two new plans aimed at advancing the teaching of of Industrial Toxicology told an industrial confer chemistry at the undergraduate level. In one, grants ence recently, . have been made to 19 private colleges to help them Increases in a worker's pulse rate and tempera maintain their present high level of training in chemis ture after muscular exertion, and the time it takes-for try. In the other, post-graduate fellowships have been them to start back toward normal levels, are reliable awarded to 13 universities to improve the teaching measures of how strenuous a job is, he explained. . of undergraduate chemistry. In son* plants, fatigue has been reduced by low "The maintenance and encouragement of bigh- ering heat and.humidity,.improving.... ventilation,., and.. .quality.. teaching ...are.. vital, ..to the ...future, .supply and rescheduling rest periods, the doctor said. His research quality of scientists . . . and consequently research," has also confirmed that drinking plenty of cool water ! said President Greenewait. 54 different parts of Du Pont nylon plastic used in this new fare collector It took Grant Money Meters Company 13 years to develop this new fare collector that gives drivers an audible count of de posits as well as a visual check. The design incorporates 54 differ ent parts of Du Pont nylon plas tic. Included are gears, ratchets, bearings, cams, geneva motions, linkages, couplings, screws, im pact parts, spacer plates and other components. They illus trate the variety of functions that nylon parts can perform. The device--the Grant Electrofarer--is completely automatic. It can be set to receive a singleor multiple-coin fare deposited in pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, and tokens . . . audibly record it . . . then separate and drop each coin into a nylon change carrier. It eliminates all driver fare-hand ling except making change...con tributes to safer, faster service. Seven representative nylon parts are illustrated. The shaft lock (a) simplifies design and as sembly. Geneva cams (b) have the resiliency to resist shock . . . add to smooth operation. Wheels of Du Pont nylon (c) are strong, tough, dimensionally stable.Cams (d) resist wear, corrosion and breakage. Molded gears (e & g) need no oiling or greasing. Light weight ratchets (f) are molded in one piece. Du Pont nylon acts as an electrical insulator, too. And it damps vibration . .. parts oper ate quietly. The nylon parts af ford production and operating ad vantages . . . help assure an ex pected 30 years' service life at lowest maintenance cost. Parts of Du Pont nylon can be economically mass-produced by injection molding . . . cut produc tion steps and costs. For full in formation on nylon and other Du Pont plastics, write: E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), Polychemicals Department, Room 2502, Nemours Bldg., Wilmington 08, Delaware. *16 u. i Pa! Of*. BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . .. THROUGH CHEMISTRY Polychemicals DEPARTMENT PLASTICS * CHEMICALS i nCLr iviTocLr ru me uui i vvnm --mi mt KKIUL I WMIMI IU PHY Here's why I like to buy self-service meats in CELLOPHANE DU PONT (jellophane Cellophane lets me see to choose exactly the cut I want. And I see the total price on the package, spend just what my budget allows. I save work and waste. Meats in Cellophane are trimmed, ready to use. It's easier, too, to judge the right amount for my family. PU> DIG. U. S. MT. orI'. BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ... THROUGH CHEMISTRY Look at "Cavalcade of America"on Television