Document 5bx9KNJ3D7G5DwoBd9DywgDQz
ETH YL CO RPORATIO N In ter-O ffice Corresp on d en ce
St r ict ly Con fid en tial
TO: Dr. G. W. Beste
D r . R . A . Ke h o e * *"
M r. H. J. G ibson
D r. F . P rin ci
M r. D. M . Guy
M r. R. K. Scales
V.
Dr. A. S. H aw kes
D r . C . J . Sp r u n k
M r. H. E. H esselb erg
FRO M :
J. R. H ow ard
SU BJE C T :
D r aft of M in utes of M eetin g betw een Eth y l's M ed ical D epartm en t, the Ketterin g Lab o r ato r ie s, an d Eth yl R & D D ecem b er 15, I960.
(P le a se r eview an d r etu r n w ith y ou r c o m m e n t s.)
1. Am bien t A ir Stan d ard s fo r State of C alifo r n ia - M r. H e sse lb e r g rep orted th at u n favorab le le a d - in - a ir pu b licity h as been gen er ated r ecen tly in th e Lo s A n ge le s n e w sp ap e r s, st im u lat e d by a m eetin g sp o n so r e d by th e C alifo r n ia State D epartm en t of P u blic H ealth to d iscu ss am bien t a ir stan d ard s. D r. J. R. G old sm ith , who h ead s the A ir P ollu tion M ed ical Stu d ies Group on th e State A ir P ollu tion Bo ard , h ad d isc u sse d am bien t a ir stan d ard s for oxid an ts, CO,
so 2, an d P b . D r . G o ld sm it h w a s q u o t e d in t h e n e w sp a p e r a s h a v in g s a i d t h at
w ith in one y e ar th ey in ten d to e st ab lish stan d ar d s fo r m axim u m le a d - in - a ir . He w as fu r th er quoted a s statin g th at the le a d - in - a ir con cen tr ation in Lo s A n geles is tw ice th at of an y oth er A m er ican city excep t P h ilad elp h ia. Th e n ew spaper a lso in fe r r e d th at D r . G old sm ith stat e d th at an o il com pan y w ould sh or tly be u sin g a n ew an tikn ock in C alifo r n ia, T M L, w h ich w ould fu r th er in c r e a se the am ou n t of le ad in th e at m o sp h e r e . M r . W alter H an n in g, A ssist a n t D ir e ct o r of R e se ar ch for th e L. A. County A ir P ollution Con trol D istrict w as quoted as qu estion in g D r . G o ld sm ith 's st ate m e n ts on th e b a sis th at the le a d - in - a ir in Lo s A n geles is quite low , an d he saw no r e aso n fo r con cer n . D r . C h ar le s H in e, a to xico lo gist from th e U n iversity of C alifo r n ia, w as also m en tion ed by the n ew sp ap er a s h avin g qu estion ed th e ad v isab ility of a le a d - in - a ir stan d ar d , poin tin g out th at th ere a r e m an y oth er so u r ce s of le ad than the atm o sp h er e, su ch a s food an d d rin k . T h is p u b licity on le a d - in - a ir is cau sin g con cer n am on g C alifo r n ia o il com p an ies, p ar t icu lar ly Stan d ard O il of C alifo r n ia. M r. H uxtable rep o r ted th at M r. M acG regor of C aliforn ia R e se ar ch h as m ade the statem en t t h at in h is op in ion th e le a d in d u st r y sh o u ld "d o so m e t h in g. "
D r . Keh oe sk etch ed D r . G o ld sm it h 's b ack gr ou n d in th is a r e a an d st at e d th at h e h ad m et w ith G old sm ith lat e in 1959 on the m at te r of le a d - in - a ir st an d ar d s. D r. G old sm ith h ad su gge st e d a ten tative stan d ard of six m ic r o gr am s of lead p er cu bic m e te r . Th is is the p r esen t le ad - in - air con cen tration in Lo s A n ge le s. At th at tim e D r . Keh oe h ad ad v ise d h im th at th er e w as no b a sis for estab lish in g a le ad - in - a ir c r it e r ia sin ce in su fficien t d ata w ere th en availab le.
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D r . Keh oe st a t e d th at D r . G old sm ith w ill n ot b e th e so le ju d ge fo r estab lish m en t of a le ad - in - a ir stan d ard , sin ce the Un ited State s P u b lic H ealth Se r v ic e w ill h ave a st r o n g in flu en ce on an y st an d ar d s ad op ted by an y State. D r. Keh oe stated th at alth ough th e d ata bein g obtain ed fr o m our fie ld su r v e y in C alifo r n ia is r e p r e se n t a t iv e of a sm a ll n u m b er of in d ivi d u als, th is grou p r e p r e se n t s h igh exp o su r e to le ad , an d the blood an d u rin e a n a ly se s b ein g ob tain ed sh ow no d iffe r e n ce betw een T M L an d T E L . A ir sam p lin g clo se to th e p oin ts of gaso lin e h an dlin g o p er ation s su ch a s se r v ic e st at io n pu m pin g h as sh ow n no o r gan ic le a d - in - a ir w ith T M L- co n tain in g g a so lin e s. Th e on ly location w h ere or gan ic le ad w as d etected w as at the bu lk plan t loadin g r a c k s w h ere the con cen tration of gaso lin e v ap o r s w as v er y h igh .
M r . H e sse lb e r g h a s a r r a n g e d to m e e t w ith M r . Jo h n M a ga , C h ie f of th e Bu r e au of A ir San it atio n of the C alifo r n ia St at e Bo a r d , on D ecem b er 20 to obtain an accu r ate p ictu r e of w hat went on at the am bien t a ir stan d ar d s m eetin g rep orted ab ove. D r . Keh oe stated th at h e w ill be w illin g to v isit w ith ap p r o p r iat e p eop le on th e W est C o a st on t h is m a t t e r , if it sh ou ld be n ecessary .
2. In corp oration of TM L in to M ilitar y an d F e d e r a l Sp ecificatio n s M r. Guy stated th at the th ree m ilit ar y se r v ic e s ar e h oldin g up th eir ap p r o v al fo r in co r p o r at io n of T M L in to M ilit a r y arid h en ce F e d e r a l gaso lin e sp e c ific a t io n s, u n til th e le a d - in - a ir st u d ie s w h ich Stan d ar d of C alifo r n ia, Et h y l, an d duPon t ar e con du ctin g in C alifo r n ia on gaso lin e con tain in g TM L h as been com p leted . Sin ce th is p r o gr am w ill not be com p leted un til Ju n e 1961, M r . Gu y a sk e d w h et h er it w ou ld be p o ssib le to e xp e d it e m e d ic a l co n sid er atio n on the p ar t of th e M ilit ar y . D r . Keh oe st at e d th at th is w ould not be an ap p rop riate tim e to attem pt to expedite th is m atter th rough the P u b lic H ealth Se r v ic e . He a lso sa id th at u n le ss som e un tow ard r e su lt s a r e ob tain ed in th e C alifo r n ia su r v e y , th e P u b lic H ealth Se r v ic e d oes n ot in ten d to m ake an y fu rth er statem en t on th is m at te r . M r. Guy in d icated th at it w ill probably then be n e c e ssa r y th at the M ed ical d ep artm en ts of the M ilitary se r v ic e s review the Eth yl r ep or t on th is su r v ey .
3. N ation al A e r o m e t r ic Su r vey fo r th e P u b lic H ealth Se r v ic e - M r. H e sse lb e r g an d D r . Keh oe d e scr ib e d the n ation al (6-city) stu dy of le ad in - air req u ested by the P u blic H ealth Se r v ice fr o m th e lead in d u stry and th e p etroleu m in d u st r ie s. Th is p r o gr am is d esign ed to e st ab lish a b asic stan d ar d of a ir pollu tion an d d ata on in h alation of le ad fr o m the atm osp h ere o v e r a o n e - y e ar p e r io d in L o s A n ge le s, San F r a n c isc o , C h icago , P h ila- d elp h ia, Cin cin n ati, an d New Yor k . M obile m on itorin g statio n s w ould be se t up in each one of th ese c it ie s, req u ir in g on e fie ld su p e r v iso r p lu s two lab o r at o r y tech n ician s fo r each city . Stan d ard O il of C alifo r n ia h as in d i cated th at th ey w ill m ak e th e su r v e y fo r Lo s A n geles an d San F r a n c isc o . Th e P u blic H ealth Se r v ice w ill m on itor two oth er citie s an d th e lead in d u stry is expected to m on itor the rem ain in g two c it ie s. T h erefore,
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th is w ould m ean th at Eth y l w ould m on itor one city an d duPon t one city . It is e stim ate d th at th is p r o gr am w ould co st ap p r oxim ately $50, 000 p er city . D r. Keh oe st at e d th at th is figu r e is n ot now in the M ed ical bu dget fo r 1961, an d w ould h ave to be co n sid e r e d a s a se p ar a t e item aft e r a m or e d efin itive ap p roxim ation of the co st can be m ad e.
4. Lead In h alation - C alifo rn ia Su rvey - D r. Keh oe stated th at the M ed ical exp en se fo r th is p r o gr am is bein g born e by Stan d ard O il of C aliforn ia an d th at duPon t an d Eth yl ar e sp littin g the an aly tical co st on a 50/50 b a sis. He also stated th at th e expen ditu res on th is p r o gr am at th e Ketterin g Lab o r ato r y fo r Eth yl an d duPont w ill am oun t to a total of $10, 000 in I960 an d $10, 000 in 1961. Th e 1961 Eth y l exp en d itu re w ill be $5, 000, sin ce th e t o t al exp en d itu r e w ill be sh ar e d 5 0 /5 0 w ith du P on t.
5. EP A -1 and EP A -2 A dditives - M r. Kerley stated th at we h ave a toxicity statem en t fr o m ou r M edical D epartm en t on E P A - 1 . He explain ed th at E P A - 2 is sim ila r to E P A - 1 , but con tain s a h igh er ph osph oru s an d a low er ch lorin e con ten t. We ar e ask in g th e M ed ical departm en t for an acu te toxicity statem en t on EP A - 2 sim ila r to th at obtain ed on EP A - 1, sin c e we do n ot kn ow th e u se co n cen tr at io n th at w ould b e in volved w ith eith er com poun d. We w ill h ave to aw ait ou r fir st cu stom er b efore we can obtain a prob ab le u se con cen tration figu r e . Th en we w ill r eq u est the ap p r o p r iat e sk in ir r it a t io n t e st s. D r . P r in ci in d icated th at acu te toxicity t e st s ar e ap p roxim ately $2, 000 each , an d th at sk in ir r itatio n t e st s co st about $2, 000 each fo r an im al t e st s an d $7, 000 each for h um an t e st s.
6. Eth ylen e D ib rom id e in O u tboard En gin e O il - We now h ave ap p r o v al fr o m ou r M ed ical D ep ar tm en t fo r th e u se of eth ylen e d ib r om id e in ou tb oard m oto r o il in so far a s sk in ir r it at io n is con cer n ed . Th e M ed ical D epartm en t of the Stan d ard O il of C alifo r n ia h ave also ask e d Eth yl fo r ad vice on o r al to xicit y , sin ce th ey fe e l th at can n ed ou tb oard m otor oil w ould p rob ab ly be st o r e d by th e p u r c h a se r in h is gar a ge an d h en ce it sh ou ld be c la ssifie d a s a h ou seh old item . D r . P r in c i st at e d th at th is w ork is now u n derw ay at th e Ke tt e r in g La b o r a t o r ie s an d we sh ou ld h ave th e r e q u ir e d in for m ation in about two w eek s.
7. Dibutyl Tin Su lfid e a s O u tboard O il A d d itive - M r . K e r le y st at e d th at w e h ave foun d th at 1 / 2 - w t % of dibu tyl tin su lfid e in ou tb oar d m ot o r oil p rovid es su fficien t w ear protection so th at the p rop ortion s of gasolin e an d oil can be red u ced fro m 24 p ar t s gasolin e an d one p ar t oil to ap p r o xim ately 100 p a r t s gaso lin e an d on e p ar t o il. The Scott-A tw ater D iv isio n of M cCu lloch M o t o r s is v e r y m u ch in t e r e st e d in t h is fin din g, an d w an t to con duct a la r g e - sc a le evalu ation in F lo r id a th is w in ter. N eith er D r . Keh oe n or D r . P r in c i h ave h ad e xp e r ie n ce w ith dibu tyl tin su lfid e . D r. Keh oe stated th at the m at e r ial is probably toxic due to tin toxicity via sk in ab so rp tio n . D r . P r in ci st at e d th at it w ould co st ap p ro xim ately $2, 000 for a p r e lim in ar y toxicity t e st on th is m at e r ial. O ur su p p lier is M etal an d T h er m it, an d t h e ir fac t sh e et m e r e ly st a t e s "to xicity n ot fu lly in vestigated . . . ". M r. K e r le y agr e e d to con tact M etal an d Th erm it to
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se e w h eth er we cou ld obtain a defin ite statem en t on toxicity , b efo r e we a sk our M ed ical D epartm en t to m ake a p relim in ary exam in ation .
8. F .D .A . A p p r oval T e st s on AN Com poun ds - D r . P r in ci st at e d th at $20, 000 h ave been expen ded in p r e lim in ar y st u d ie s com p ar in g the toxicity of A N - 2, -12, -36, Ion ol, an d C y an am id 's 2246. AN -2 a n d -36 h ave ab ou t th e sa m e acu t e t o x icit y a s Ion ol, bu t A N - 12 is m u ch l e s s t o x ic . Non e o f t h e se co m p o u n d s sh ow th e u n d e sir a b le sid e e ffe c t s sh ow n by 2246. D r . P r in c i h as p r e se n t e d th e r e su lt s of t h is p r e lim in ar y stu dy to the Food an d Drug A d m in istration and th ey h ave r eacted favorab ly to h is p r o p o sal th at a sp e c ia l 90-d ay feedin g t e st m igh t su pplan t th e cu sto m ar y 2 - y e ar feedin g t e st u su ally r eq u ir ed fo r ap p r o v al, if th e r e su lt s ar e en tir ely fav o r ab le on the Eth yl com poun d. Th e 90-d ay feed in g t e st s w ould in volve c a r b o n - 14 t agged com pou n d s w h ich w ou ld b e u se d to t r a c e th e m e t ab o lic rou te in a n im a ls. D r . P r in c i st at e d th at th e c o st s of th e se 90-d ay t e st s in clu din g th e p r e lim in ar y stu dy alr e ad y con du cted, w ould am oun t to a t o t al of $50, 000 fo r A N - 2 , A N - 12, an d A N - 3 6 . A c o st fo r A N - 2 alo n e w ou ld be 50 to 60% of th is am oun t an d each ad d ition al com poun d w ould co st about $15, 000. It w as agr e e d th at b efo r e st ar t in g the 90-d ay t e st s we sh ou ld obtain the r ecom m en d ation s of ou r C o m m e r cial D evelopm en t grou p , an d we w ould also n eed m an agem en t approval. 9. G en eral T oxicity Statem en ts - D r. H aw kes stated th at we n eed a gen er al statem en t on toxicity fo r each of ou r AN com poun ds to an sw er r e q u e sts bein g r eceiv ed from p u rch asin g agen ts and oth er in ter ested p oten tial cu stom er p eople. D r. P r in c i agr e e d to provid e a d r aft of su ch st at e m e n t s an d D r . H aw kes w ill r ev iew t h e se w ith th e Sa le s D ep ar tm en t .
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