Document 5bneRKJyD2b15aK40Ojq00kr4

LIA15126 Lead Industries Association, Inc. ~ ttt Itetf^on A>ow< N*w Ytrt, N. r. 10O1T T*t*pho*: (*1B I7M0M November 19. 1973 SUBJECTi ELECTRIC VEHICLE STUDIES TO THE MEMBERS Or THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, IK.i 3 The Electric Vehicle Council, of which your association is e ember, has juat produced two atudlea on electric vehiclea that My be of intereat to you or your colleagues. j We are attaching summaries of each atody for 2 your convenience. A single copy of both studies is here * in our library, and we will be happy to loan either to you for review. Sincerely, 5 CAB ip Enel. CONNEL A. BAKER, JR. Engineer, Technical Service 3 3 jj pffP P iW ^ ip p jfflp M gwjasyjfgljpp^pipwip^ LIA15127 o MsgssKgyr or t b s p o t es t ia l rot e l ec t r ic HIKI-BOS SYSTEMS fOK HIPTCMS HAKRATTAJf gXECVTIVg 6QHWY * COSCLWIQg m?2gg The purpoaa of thia atudy waa to review potantial usea for alactrically powered mlni-butea in aidtown Manhattan. Tha problems of congestion, air and noiaa pollution, and passangar naeda wara atudlad relative to thoaa a*ana of transportatlon avallabla and now uaad in aidtown. Surveys warn conductad to dataraina what tha raaponaa to a ini*bua ahuttla ayataa would ba, what factora wara important to potantial ridara and how much fara thay would ba willing to pay. zm>iya Thia atudy found that an electric mini-boa ahuttla ayataa could aarva to aaaliorata tha following tranaportation problamat Congaatlont An alactric aini-bua ahuttla could aarva to rallava congaation by com puting with tha privata taxi; it carriaa mora paaaangara par vahicla and would thoa raduca tha total nunbar of vchiclaa on tha atraat. Air Pollutlont Tha alactric vahicla producca no ground laval emissionsj it could ba banaficlal in seating tha 1975 Claaa Air Standard* and la daairabla aa an ur ban vahicla. Kolaa Pollution! Tha alactric vahicla produce* aignificantly lesa noiaa than a gaa powerad motor vahicla. Pnderaervlced Araaai Where certain com mon daatlnationa are undaraerviced by mans tranait, taxia now fill thia gap. Tha alactric mini-bua could provide this ser vice. Presently there ia no direct pub lic tran*portation from Grand Central to 'IMUM-jWP^piUHg 'W mup i p y PP!*'lWA- liW PHjp N 3520.01 ' ' UA15128 V -1 h ;; 4 V'v ' I i t k; j j I 1: -4 - "v 4 CT: t-.. ' 1 The west Side via the Avenue of the Amer! cesi there is serious over-crowding on subway facilities from Grand Central on the East Side; there are no subway stops within the theatre district, nor ie there direct transportation into the theatre district from Penn Station; there la no surface travel connecting the two ends of Manhattan's shopping district represented by Bloomingdale's and Macy'a. A aini-bus system could east these needs. It could also adapt easily to meet changing transportation needs in Manhattan. mm As a result of the study, it is recommended that a system of electric mini-bussa be instituted to meet transportation needs in three areas 1. Commuter transportation from Grand Central Station, 2. Transportation from Penn Station and Grand Central Station to and around the Broadway theatre dis trict, and 3. A retail shoppers' shuttle. The focus of this system is to meet specific trans portation nseds. Instead of simply transversing Manhat tan, this service was designed to respond to particular transportation destinations. The origins and destinations of potential passengers along with the specific character of certain types of travel were considered here in order to determine the most rational responsive transit possible. s. ga!^ieupisMU.> f; & *p |Pi LIA15129 BATTERY-POWERED PERSOHKEL AND BUPDEM-CARRYISO VEHICLES i /! k I , ft MWZLlTm. gyry^Y .9T riypiugg A total of 17,907 battery-powered, and 10,466 I.C.-engine-powered in-plant or on-praalaaa vehicles of tha typaa covered in this aurvay ara in uaa in tha typaa of customer establishments covarad. It ia likely that tha total population of thaaa typaa of vahiclaa rangad from laaa than 5 par cant of tha aatabliahnanta in tha food and Motal claaaificationa, to 36 par cant and aora in fabrlcatad natala, tranaportatlon equipment, and glaaa container manufacturing planta, and in amusement parka and convention ball*. Manufacturing planta aurvayad account for 75 par cant of tha battery-powered vehicle population; aarvica and leiaure establish ments account for 21 par cant; and varehouaea account for 4 par cant. Thera ia a clear relationahlp between tha sire of tha manufactur ing planta and the extent to which battery-powered vahiclaa are uaad. Only 5 par cant of manufacturing planta with 100 to 249 eaployeea uaa thaaa vahiclaa, wharaaa more than half of tha planta with 1,000 amployaaa or more uaa thaaa vahiclaa. Manufacturing planta with 1,000 or store amployaaa, however, account for only 0.8 par cant of all manufacturing aatabliahnanta in tha O.S. These larger planta uaa 65 par cent of tha battery-powered vehi cles used in all manufacturing planta. The largest numbers of battery-powered vehicles ara found in planta manufacturing transportation equipment, electrical equip ment, machinery and fabricated natala. Thaaa plants account for 72 per cent of tha battery-powered vehicles used by all of tha typaa of manufacturing plants covered in this survey. Among service and leisure establishments covarad in this survey, amusement parks and cooa were tha largaat users of batterypowered vehicles, with roughly 10 times aa many in use as in other large user establishments in this Category, such as motel chains and airports. Among tha warehouse group of eatablishments, tha largaat usage of battery-powered vahiclaa was in grocery warehouses; beverages and drugs and chemicals warehouses. * l u N 3520.02 msmm L.JAl5l3o" jgsaNigjjfejf^itk'. Annual purchaaaa of battery-operacaa Vwniclas by tha typaa of aatabllahjaanta covered in thla survey, ara estimated at 2.864. If vehicles purchased by typaa of establshments not covered in thla aurvay wars included, it ia likely tha total annual purchaaaa of battery-powered vahiclaa will increase about 8 par cant, and in tan yaara it la aatiutad that purchaaaa of thaaa < j vahiclaa will incraaaa about 70 par cant, compared vith 1972. i. Nearly all uaara of battery-powered vahiclaa vara aatiaflad vith tha performance of thair vahiclaa. Only a small parcantaga of i: vahicla uaara indicatad that changes in performance character- (St-: -E iatica of tha vahiclaa night expend thair purchaaaa. Tha natura of thaaa performance changaa may ba aumaritad aa longar battary t.6.-f. Ufa, and tha ability to pull a haaviar load. Thaaa changaa would raault in replacement of gaa-povarad with battary-povarad vahiclaa. Nearly all establishments which ara non-uaara of I battary-povarad vahiclaa aatphaaicad that thay had no naad for r. thaaa vahiclaa, and that changaa in parforaanca would havu DO { affact on thair purchaaaa. f t rirat coat doaa not appaar to ba a primary datarrant to pur chaaaa of battary-povarad vahiclaa. Fever than ona out of flva of tha establishments covarad in thia aurvay would incraaaa thair purchaaaa of battary-povarad vahiclaa if tha flrat coat vara lovar. Mora than half of thaaa establishments indicatad that tha flrat coat would have to ba reducad batwaan 20 and 40 par cant in ordar for than to incraaaa thair purchaaaa. Lovar flrat coat would not incraaaa purchaaaa for tha graat majority of aurvay raapondanta, bec&uaa thay hava no need for additional battary- powarad vahiclaa. They catphaaira that need, not coat, ia all that matters, and that they hava all that thay naad. Thia point vaa made by 85 par cant of tha uaara of battary-povarad vahiclaa who aaid that lovar flrat coat would not incraaaa thair S S' purchaaaa. Lower operating coat also doaa not appaar to ba a aignlficant factor in increaaing purchaaaa of battary-povarad vahiclaa. Favar than 4 par cant of tha establishments covarad in tha : aurvay indicatad that lover operating coat would incraaaa thair purchaaaa. Oparating cost is of no consequence accord ing to 40 par cant of tha raapondanta, and 36 par cant said thay had no naad for more vahiclaa. !' ii 1* v -r > **-, > rr- .r ^ T ^ _' '7 :' "*'/-> \<rT ^'C' '- * '. ' - raw survey respondents had any know1ad9 of the electrical energy consumption of thair battery-powered vehicles. A rough astimata of alactrical anargy required to racharga tha battariaa of tha typas of vahiclas covarad in this study ia 39 million kilowatt hours a yaar. Xf tha typas of aatabliahmanta not covarad in thla survay ara included, it is likaly that anargy consumption would bs roughly doublad, to about 80 million kilowatt hours annually. If all inplant transportation vahiclas, such as intarnal-cofsbuationangine-powarad vahiclas and bicyclaa vara convartad to battery-powered vahiclas. than tha potential alactrical anargy usage for recharging batteries would be roughly doubled again, to about ISO million kilowatt hours annually. -3~ Mm h XiyW^'r~' V\ i .Jf