Document 5bn7m5VbBEVVoDq4kjQOjOq8N

i-1 : -WV TKE CONCERN? ;n recent years there hove been a number of Incidents where food has been contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCils) and other toxic chemical*, wa are especially concerned about future contamination with PCBa since they have baen used extensively m feed and processing facilities. ThLS brochure is to halp you identify potential PCB probla-s and prevent future incindents. WRAT ABE PCBs - *KY, HOW AND WHERE APB THEY USBD? PCBs range in consistency from heavy oily'liquids to waxy olids. Their most important properties are chemical stability, low flammability, high boiling points, and low electrical conductivity. Since 1929, hundreds of millions of pounds of PCBa have boeci used is fluids In electrical tranformsrs, capacitors, and clectromagnots, and hast transfer and hydraulic systems. Other important uses include as plastiaers in. paints* adhesives, and ciulVlng compounds, as fillers for investment casting waxes, suJ as dye carriers in carbonless copy paper. f'j.icarn over PCBs' toxicity end persistence in the environment led Congress to ban the future manufacture, processing, J .sirlbution in commerce and use in 1976. The last U.5. producer ceased manufacture in 1977. , WHY_ ABE PCBa tlAEARPOUS? ' Knowledge of PCB toxicity in humans is based primarily on aa incident which occurred in Yusho. Japan in 1968 when PCBs leaked from a heat exchange'and contaminated rice oil. Among the many symptoms obtervud wore ehloracne (skin rash), discoloration of the gums ,ind nnilh.-ds, swelling of joints, waxy jjccrctiona of glands in the eye Lids, as wall us more general -offucts such as lethargy and joint pain. Thera arc also well documented tost a or. laboratory animals vhirh thow, PCBa cauuc reproductive failures, gastric disorders, shin lesions, tumors, and other afiects of concern. * .v ` HONS 201456 WfK SHOULD FOOD, ftllinM, tV.flD. FERTILIZER, AND AGRICULTURAL FA"!' ITfES'flE ESPECIALLY ' CONG f > :.t L> AO OUT FC0S? The Yucho incident illustrates the scriou** human haalth ana economc eornequenct* of PCB contamination in food or foodrelated ndusttus. Several other incidents underline the need for special attention to prevent similar costly contsrinstion in the future. These include: l) discovery of PCBs in fishmeal used a* a feed ingredient m North Carolina as a result of a leading heat exchanger, 2) contamination of fishmeal in Puerto Rico resulting front a fire involving stored electrical trartfermars in the same warehouse, 3) the death and severe illness of feedlot cattle in Kansas caused by inadvertent use of pm-contaminated oil as a carrier for Insecticide in a bacVtrubbcr solution, and 4) more recently, the contamination of animal f**-i Ingredients with PCQs leaking from a tranformer in storage at t. pausing company in Billvngs, Montana, -The last cnoe has el reau-; resulted in the destruction of large quantities of food, including over 400,000 chickens and one million cgej. PC as IN* THE ENVIRONMENT Unlike moot organic chemicals which break down fairly rapidly r. the environment, PCOs are cxtremaiy stable. Of special concern u, the potential for PCB biorragnification in the food chain. Oio'-agm fication refers to the uptake of trace PCBs by plants and t: n y organisms which see eaten by small fish or other animals v h ,, ch inturn are eaten by higher forms of animal life leading to i `i: rea*ing PCB content in each step of the sequence. Relatival/ g--ill amounts are concentrated and stored in the fatty tissues ut p?_h stage of the food chain, Thu* vary low levels of PCBs in r Crest Lakes and other waters rasult in -many food fish l. stagnated *t significantly higner levels, frequently above ti` levels considered safe for human consumption. Wh F/1E MIGHT PCBs D E FOU N D IN' FOOD, FK5D, FEfUMLr2 ER A HD ACniCULTUKAL I'ACILTtLtS~? " The following types of equipment may contain PCB fluids or os,u,. liquid* such a* mineral oil that are contaminated with PC3*i * Transformers * Large capacitors * Electromagnets * Meat transfer and hydraulic system -Small capacitors Equipment containing small capacitors including^ electrical switchgear, f-aetional HP motors, and flourescent light ballasts the itc~* marked by on asterisk uca of primary insert c .c b r lu?c t u'y contain free Cloving liquid , Sinft 11 capac uorc ir * n r\ . -A. nnn-.Mil,. , HONS 201455 EX1S71SC FEDERAL B SO PLAT TONS PERTAINING TQ PCSs AND FOOD Concern about "highly toxic PCS* contaminating human food ha* led to a nu-nbir of actions by the Food and Drug Administration, (FDA), the U.S* Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Currently, tooib and feedc^are considered to ba contaminated end may not be sold an Intersate commerce if they contain PCBs in excess of certain prescribed concentration* (sec Appendix A). FDA also prohibits the use of PCBs in food and a imai feed proceseing facilities, except for use in tranformars and oapacitors. EPA has also issued rules governing the ue of PCB*. Ir. general, PCB mixture* with concentration* less than'SO parts per million (ppm) (0.0051) are not regulated. The use of intact, non-lea*-1 transformer*, electromagnets, capacitor*, and capacitorcontaining equipment with PCB.concentration* greater than 50 ppri* allowed. ri EPA rules also permit the continued us* of PCU* in servicing of electromagnets and transformer* and in heat transfer and hydraulic eyatems until July 1, 1934. -A* of November 1, 1979, pefis may no longer be used in host transfar syatns in plants manufacturing or processing of food, drug*, and cosmetic*. The EPA rule also includes marking, disposal, storage, and recordkeeping requirement?, portions of which-are discussed later j.t. this booklet. Furthermore, EPA, FDA, and USDA era proposing to prohibit the usa oC PC3a in all transformer* and capacitors in other electrical " equipment in food, animal feed, fertiliser, and agricultural manufacturing, processing, and packaging plants. * Vie suggest you use the following checklist to conduct a full safety check of your facility. , HONS 201456 i CUF.CKC.IST FOR ACTION . KUAT CAN I DO? * ' A. Determine If You Hava PCfl Equipment. > 1. Threat* Any Potential PCB Uoutea. . 1 Tou can inventory your plant fof; tranfOttivars, capacitor*, heat transfer aystsmsi hydraulic systems,- and fluids . torad for use ih this equipment. " After you have located tha*e i tarns, ... . 2. Examine the Equipment for Caution Labels. - * .A. caution label apocifieally^Jdehtlfylflgf .(fha-equipment as containing PCOs may be present.' -Iff so, skip $0 Ssetion B of this checklist. If hot. .... ' 3. Tran*formers and Large .Capacitoxa d*sy pear Hamaplatee.^ , ' If your transformer or-1 capacitor'has a minuCaefuttr'i" nameplate with -a tradetn&me, refer to; Appandlx B at'the end of this booklet. '-`If the tradename dad* not appear there, the equipment may stlLL contain PCSs. .Cohtact the manufacturer, -referencing the serial nombiY to'determine if the equipment contains PCBs- - If that*'is no nameplate,, or if this approach :i*! unsuccessful', .* 4* Seek Assistance from a Servicing Expart.- Call on your local transformer servicing company or the . ' engineering service department ofLyour'Utility..company.- '. They can assist you to obtain -a sample of your > - transformer fluid for-analysis. You'may -also want to ' sample your heat transfer system*, -hydrauiin avatarns, or . other suspect, oil. Then i * v11 a 2 <r. S. nave the Gamplos Analysed'* 'This ia the'only way teha coxtaib Whathar or not-your - equipment contains PCfls. * - > -* / It you determine that you have PCtt -equipment, ,# * a - v* fi 1. Consider Replacing PCO-Containlng.Cqulpmcnt with tfan-PCB Equipment. - ` , ,,. EPA. FDk, AMD 1)5DA are considering prohibiting the'ua of".pcbs In'all electrical equipment in ood<, .animsi fddd,fertiliser,. and agricultural.manufacturing, processing.-end packing plants. .Although"the .'prohibit Ion on PCB^contairting equipnsnt is not yat in nCfnCt'we urge voluntary ramovsl to prevent future food ecnt.imlrtntirm. - HONS 20145? I "CPA disposal regulations require incineration of all PCB liquid* with concentrations o 500 ppm {Q.O053) or greater. The first approved incinerators will ba available sometime in 1930. Until incinerators ara available. PCBa removed from service most be stored for later disposal. . IE it is not possible for you to replace your PCB-containing equipment, you will want to ... , Tahs Special Precautions for Continued Use. 'The risk of PCS contamination can be minimized by analyzing the risk of spillage associated'with each individual PCB unit and by taking steps to contain the'potential uncontrolled loss of PCBs from the unit. You should consider the following questions: - . v. 1. la there any evidence of an active leak from the PCS unit? If so. take whatever steps are necessary- to protect your product. Of course, leaking equipment 4 should bs repaired immediately. . 2* Is the PCB unit located in en area where there is a way that leaking fluid from the unit could find its way into your process? If so, these unite should ba given priority in the development of spill prevention measures. Special consideration should ba given to potential leaks resultin accidents ss disoussed below. 3. Is any liquid ever pumped from the vicinity of the PCBunit to the process area? If so, con the PCB unit be isolated from the pump? 4. If the PCB unit is pad mounted, are.there curbs or diking to serve as a barricade against lose of fluid? 5. If the PCB unit is located in an area surrounded by 1 porous cinderblock walls, have they bacn soaled with material which will not diunolve in solvents such as PCB and trlcMorobanzene? Is the wall/floor interface tight? 6. Is the floor in the vicinity of a PCB unit free from cracks? Cracks that look like thoy would not prevent the loss of fluid should be grouted, end painted with solvent resistant materials. 7. Is the PCB unit in a location where vehicular traffic night bs a hazard? If no, o vehicle barrier rtight be use ful.8 8. Is the PCD unit located near machinery which might throw project lies with sufficient energy to damage the unit? If so, a fence may provide tha necassary protection. HONS 201458 } 9* Is ttio PCS unit mountodofv a surface Which might b* , difficult to seal, 'such unwelded 'steal plats* >or in a i mobil*' machine? If so* .jtoatdhbaSirt'./night bh- installed' under ihs unit. - _ ' i . 10 Ars thars -floor drains. ihwfche "vfbcinity' -of a PCB unit? If so* can they,bo sea lad or otherwise Isolated Cron the atilt?. -- , ll-.'Ifyou haVo PCI tqui.p*Wnt. ordrums, of PCS fluid in - / V tOrags. .f6t-fUture usa,-t,ic*n fchsy.bo removed from the i process *rs*?< -Are t'hai^rwJfsa or-libeled* to warn of PCS t* . presence because -iff ygu have PCI egotemant, you may, b ` * , subject. to-, , .... . ** V: ~ '- I D. Jtandefcory Labeling and Storage, yeguiremaats "v,. . r - LabSling Raqv^ramonte *- *' * ' . The SPA label for PCIt loaKs liKs -thi*i - > ** rK t r. I- V i. i. VI t i w. t i* A* % S* > 4 *** * $ * . -a w> - v . v. ! . )56u, mustlibaifbe .wtranaffatmar* -a - ; . poot*ift'ln<i c>pr thart AQD?ftps|^i^:**^fCfl capacitor* wifch . ,V \ .. ifchra or*-^rft poundmsMSi^lttijft -dijtsiAtlsrd'^ volts ** , or Sioro, ^onlMiinfcr .siiclK1i.-;Uag#u_flWf^l*V: ao-dbums U*d \ b t v to hold jPC0s..l6ctriir*Jl*>tor* 4i*lnj AoelAnV with 50-ppm t ' cr wore of"YC&i`/v byd rbhllJb:ey*.t&fn' oar *hftao-tran* fas - t systems-containing SOcptSRjeui. or.of^JCB-and -the storage \ ai*A iii*-hi*iil ItrW.aL. .. ____________i HONS 201459 In addition, label* must be pi*ced'ft the 01 lading iteme when they ro remould from -service?*. PCfl capacitor a- -- - containing .pore than 3 pounds'of-fiuid operating at lee*, than 2000 volte and-equipment, containing * pea J-' "c. ' transformer at large..high voltitge.capAGjitar.; . * * # 2.- storage JteqQi(remanta*n-- , PCS a And PCS item* which-you -remove from,-.service for : disposal amt M stored In -a location meeting epa t- criteria, to`insure that they era. properly,contained.' ' Thia location ehoilld not`bl'near*-your procase area. It should be - isolated so thatJ-lf id'not sul-ndrable to damage and puncture from.vehicular* forklift, and .other moving .equipment*.- -For asaiaihnee.the' storage design , criteria, contact the EPA regional^ office AUr? your - state.. A Hat of KPA ragibhai bfftoes appears at the. * beck of this bulletin. . ., E* This Brochure la Not Complete." ` ___ v 2t ie assumed that you 'have a -copy of- tha EPA regulations on i - PCS*. If not, got a free copy frdm*EPA *by;psiling..toil JEfed - (600) 424-9063.Un tfashingtpn,534O404) Sod* Baking . fof -a reprint of the-PCS Ran- Fcgu.idtioft,.- May 3.1-, .'1616 Pedtfral' ftegltter and for a list of tha'approved-PCS Disposal-Peoil-iti-et. -.If you. want more background lnfomtatiofi an the regulation, sett iSOr; a free copy of tho fpa support Document -to the' PCS Ban'Regulation at the same phono number.- -(The' mailing .address "is-* -Offioe of - Ii'dustty Assistance, Office of-Toxia Buhatanuae SS-7S3 S).S< , . Environmental-Protection Agency, 401'H Street*-'.8>W,*,.\Weahingboj), E.C. 20460*5,,- - , -- ' .m other useful'background information on BOB* Iff xtetsd liH '. Appendix f..' . _ HONS 201460 " Apptsndi* ^ * PDA Limit* otv PC Concentration* iti' `/ ' 1.5 parts par million ^ftpmyi3n millt 4d unmif&ettrt'af* dairy; products (tat ba*la}>f>-. ' " ,r , a pgn in poultry - <T*.t' OasWSi*'' ' ' : 0.3 ppm In 999f, .. - 5 ppm in fish 4adlbl* portiorO?'Iif **SW`! isutlof 3 pjpm, ha* been proposed?;- - ` . . --- 0.2 ppm in finiBhed,inlm4l 'Tda[:'Teot ^Ood-,iiVpdttfl'r^ animal*, fascspt concntratfit tuppipanttV^nd 0.2 ppm in infaht'Affll'junior food*f; ' , . 10 ppm In paper food*paa)ui^iyj JlfC'`dlTdo<! uotttaat' withfctod ? 4 - HONS 201461 Appendix- B Some Manufacturer* and Trad* Manas of PCS* Manufacturer** Country . . " Trade Name Bayer Caffaro CafFaro Caffaro ' Chemko Geneva Industries Kinegafuchi Monsanto Moneanto' Monsanto Prodelec ( Frotlslsc - SovoL Ailis-Chalmar* American Corp. * -- Eleotro Engineering Works Envirotcch Buell ESCO Mfq. CO. Ferranti-Packard Ltd. General Electria H. K. Porter Helena Corp. Havi-Duty Electric ' 1T Circuit Breaker Co. Kuhlman Electric Maloney Electric Niagara Transformer Corp Power Zone Transformer US p. C. Uptegraff Pcsearch-Cottreli Standard Trnoeformer Corp. Van Tran Electric Wagner Electric Westingltouse 7 7 Germany Italy Italy Italy Ceechoelovakie US . Japan '' UK and us UK and Japan ,, UK end Europe , France < France USER us US US us US US ' us US US US US us US us . us US us ; US - us US U3 US us Clophen Fenclor DF. Inclor . * Xennecjhjlor Arodor Saototharcr. FR Fyroclor . Fhenoclor Pyralena ' , * ' Chlorextol Abe*to1 ' ,Askarei* Aekarei* Pyranol - , Askar el*' - ` Won^Flammable Ligu Saf-T-Kuhl t JUkarel*, EEC-ia EEC-10 ' a Aakarel* * \ 1 iso-FIajnol Inertaen Uepolin Oykanol ' ^ . Generic n&ma used for. non-flammable Insulating liquids in transformer* and capacitors. - "Thl# list is not nccosarily complete- PCB* "have baerv'-uaed, inco 192?, and many companies have gone out of basins**. MOMS 201462 Appftrvll* C Other Available information * This booklet Sots not $ "iAto much detail; fapat ftha^hlttlth' Kind anvlronmental fCtb Of PCfis or tha'cheiSitekTe now bsing ubaJ ** ubetitutee for fCB*, The 'following report*'cover theae ^ technical areas? the W1QBH Criteria Document:l4rparioulsrl/u/ ' recomamJd for its' dlscuealon of <"hea ltdrltelie* <irt ere going to service PCB equipment or clean up PCBjbpille.*- "Or iter i* far-a Hscornmanded''^ 1 Standard*. -Occupational 'Estpoebrer'tfii* ; 1 Polychlorinated Siphdnyll-CS^tyv** .-DHIW (friostt) * Publication No* 77-225, *9*p$&SHt 1917. -iQrdet - from* Superintendent fcf;.DO'dlhmdi|fcB;t..U-B#'1- ' Government Printing' Of fie,">>ihlngbOri, QiC.-' 20402* Price $4.00 pica postage.-. Assessment-of the Use of SeldJrtediSapXdCtmant Fluids for PCS* id triedtridsitlSqulpefinfc^ J Jtepart Wo. BWi* 560/6-77-006;: Harfch 1979.** Ordot' ffo'm- National Technical -InCtOmatiori ' Service'* Spriht/f iald, VifijiSia 22161t ^, Saport tfo* wtxs-PP-SM 377* a , palydhlorinattfd Biphehyie'anS l:hs- r Scviromaent*" 1972, 'Order fro* Natindel* ;* Technic* fc'-intormat ion service, Springfield* Virginia 22161. Rp0rbo;Wrifl CON-72-10419;* *> This is a thorough dleeussloh'of the" propattia* anti uaa*. of PCM#l' - . "PCBaldthe United'State a* Industrial,bee and-v: ,, Snv iromnenUl' Oi iltlbutlofi.^'v 1$16V ..dMar 'i**' ' ftdm National* Technical information Servic'd, ~ - *-- SpringfielA* VlrgiQle 221r* \sapbrt w. srris { 252-012. % HONS 201463