Document 5bm5O8yMjJxKO0oe8a8Zo3gdR

Science in Development and Control (continued) ing of the lid on the finished product. Although rigid specifications are used in purchasing, each shipment of all materials is thoroughly tested until those speci fications are proven. Only by starting with raw ma terials (.definitely known quality can superior prod ucts be made. Testing of the raw materials is only one of the elaborate systems of control used through every step of manufacture. Practical testing by skilled painters is conducted regularly in the finishing section of the laboratories. Hundreds of blindfold tests are run each year on P&L products as well as competitive materials. These professional painters are a most critical jury in es tablishing product standards. In the physical testing laboratory, new finishes are submitted to a host of torture tests. Conjecture and rule of thumb have long since passed for Pratt & Lambert. Actual weather testing and accelerated weather test ing are constantly maintained by the laboratories. In these tests, paint panels are subjected to every con ceivable weather condition. These tests are contin ued until finishes have met high standards of dur ability and an accurate measure of their weather resistance can be determined. In addition, mechanical tests for tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance and other factors are constantly being conducted. Research and Development, a regular and contin uing process, is the laboratory's third big job. This phase is aimed toward the creation of new coatings or techniques and the improvement of old products as new raw materials are developed. Pratt & Lambert trade names such as "61" Floor Varnish, "38" Pale Trim Varnish, Vitralite Enamel and Lyt-all Flowing Flat have been standards of quality for many years. Yet these finishes and all other P&L products undergo constant evolution. Countless experiments are conducted annually in order to determine the comparative value of alternate raw materials. As new or improved raw materials be come available they are incorporated in P&L formu lations in order to improve quality in the finished product. In this way, long familiar P&L paints, varnishes and enamels are kept up-to-date and made more effective. These same processes of test and evaluation lead to the development of new products with properties to answer the needs of advances in building technology and the requirement for finishes that are specific in function. An example of this is Vitra-Tile, a thermo setting coating system which gives interior wall sur faces tile-like beauty and protection at just a fraction of the cost of ceramic tile. It produces an exception ally hard, durable finish that resists abuse, chemicals, solvents and cleaners. Because of its rugged, low cost and easy-to-maintain finish, Vitra-Tile is par ticularly well suited for use in schools, hospitals, stores, hotels and other public or industrial build ings. Another new and exclusive Pratt & Lambert develop ment is the creation of wood stains which are used without a shellac sealer as an after-coat. Made in a range of pastel, medium and deep tones, Tonetic Wood Stains offer very specific advantages over con ventional oil stains. Tonetic Wood Stains also offer greater resistance to heat and sunlight, thus permitting successful use in areas where conventional stains might fail. Pratt & Lambert is equally proud of its new, super durable clear finish, Varmor. Ideal for interior and exterior wood, Varmor provides maximum protec tion against weather, sunlight, water, wear and the marring or scuffing of abusive foot traffic. Varmor also offers a Satin finish, in addition to Gloss, to provide effective protection for exterior use as well as for interior work. Research and Development is a daily process at Pratt & Lambert. It functions on your behalf to develop and manufacture products that you can spec ify with confidence and that your client may en joy. It is the policy of P&L to create protective fin ishes which are more effective, durable and beautiful than ever before. 0007 -PTL-000574 10th edition PRATT & LAMBERT ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICATION MANUAL general conditions specifications painting varnishing enameling color plans problems & answers RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTIONAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL Printed in U. S. A. COPYRIGHT 1964 U.S.A. PRATT & LAMBERT - INC. 0007-PTL-000569 ni TABLE OF CONTENTS PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS ......................... ................. ....................................page 7 INDEX OF SURFACES (Green Pages) ...... ...........................................................page 21 GENERAL CONDITIONS.................................................................. Shop Coats ................. page 30 page 27 MASTER SPECIFICATIONS....................................... ..................... Exterior Surfaces ...................................... page 31 Interior Surfaces......................................... page 39 page 31 SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES for Churches .......................................................page 63 Hospitals and Institutions .......................... page 64 Hotels and Apartment Buildings................. page 66 Industrial Buildings, Warehouses etc............page 68 Motels..................................................... page 70 Office and Commercial Buildings .............. page 72 Residences--Fine.......................................... page 74 Residences--Medium-Price ........................ page 75 Schools and Colleges ...................................page 76 COLOR IN DESIGN............................................. .....................................................page 79 This section contains information relative to: Understanding Color; Harmonious Color Relationship; Balance and Proportion; Light Re flection, The Pratt & Lambert Color Calibrator; Effect of Light on Color; Reactions to Color -- Physiological and Psychological, Ap plication of Color Psychology; Application of Pratt & Lambert Cali brated Colors. CALIBRATED COLOR PLANS for Churches..................... Commercial Buildings Hospitals ................... Hotels and Motels.... Industrial Structures . Offices ....................... Residences ................. Restaurants and Clubs Schools ...................... Specialty Shops ........ page 109 page 107 page 105 page 108 page 107 page 106 page 107 page 107 page 105 page 109 page 104 SAFETY COLOR CODE page 95 PIPE LINE IDENTIFICATION ...............................................................................page 96 ROOM FINISH SCHEDULE FORM ...................................................................... page 103 NOTES ON WOOD FINISHING.......................... page 97 PROBLEMS AND ANSWERS .................................................................................page 111 PROBLEM AREAS ................................................................... page 117 13 J 0007-PTL-000571 EFFECTO ENAMEL A Ikyd Base, Gloss Finish For exterior and interior wood and metal surfaces such as cabinets, lockers, partitions, fire doors, furni ture, iron work, piping, ducts, machinery and motors. Also for use in painting and identifying pipe lines, fire protection and safety equipment, indicating haz ardous areas, etc. (See Safety Color Code, page 95) Available in White Gloss, Black Gloss and a wide range of high gloss colors from light pastels to deep tones. _A!so available in Black Flat. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants. A smooth, lustrous finish especially formulated to withstand exterior exposure. It is vastly superior in durability, color and gloss retention to ordinary enamels. Lead-free, quick drying. Produces a per fectly smooth surface free from brush marks. It may be used on exterior doors but is not intended for general use as a trim finish or house paint. For these purposes, use Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish or P&L House Paints. EFFECTO ENAMEL PRIMER WHITE Provides an excellent foundation for the application of Effecto Enamel. Forms a tight bond with the sur face and holds out succeeding coats. Dries to a smooth, level finish. Sands easily. It is an alkyd base, extra-white primer, particularly effective under light colored finishes. Good hiding power. Made in White only. May be tinted to the approxi mate shade of finish coats using P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. EXTERIOR RUSTIC STAIN, PRATT & LAMBERT Oil Base, Penetrating Stain Finish For rough-sawed lumber and wood shingles. Made in a range of colors from light pastels to deep shades to provide for almost any wanted color deco ration. These stains are transparent. The color con centration is sufficient to soften and highlight the natural grain and texture of the wood, however it cannot be expected to obscure rust spots and other F1LTEX stains that are on or in the wood surface. Made to protect and heighten the natural beauty of wood shingles and rough-sawed lumber. Weather resistant, minimizes warping. Made with fade-resistant pigments, finely ground in carefully selected non bleeding oils. Do not use on furniture. * A transparent, low luster pigmented primer or first coater for interior wood trim and paneling. Can also be used as a general purpose first coater for burlap, canvas and other absorbent material . . . and for sealing various types of plywood, hardboard or pressed wood board. Filtex is especially useful in subduing the flashy grain of yellow pine, fir, cypress and other similar woods. Prepares them for staining in attractive blond or tra ditional effects. Filtex thus greatly increases the utility of many inexpensive soft woods and plywood panels. For interior use only. No. 14 FORM BOARD PAINT WHITE, PRATT & LAMBERT Latex Base, Flat Finish For use on glass fiber form board ceilings. Available in White. May be tinted with P&L Vapex Tinting Colors. Produced expressly for application on glass fiber form board ceilings where alkali and mildew are constant hazards. Contains fungicidal materials and C8J produces a breathing type film to combat these con ditions. Unusually high degree of pigmentation for exceptional hiding power. A non-bridging film for re tention of acoustical properties. Dries quickly to a dead flat finish. For spray application only. Do not apply to surfaces that are damp or infected with mildew. 0007-PTL-000577 SCIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL Since the beginning of the 20th century, paint making has undergone considerable change. Once an indi vidual art, handed down from father to son, paint making has become a carefully controlled science. Pratt & Lambert is particularly proud of its major contribution in this vital process of evolution. Pratt & Lambert established its first laboratory in 1902. Today, of course, laboratories and technical departments are recognized as absolute necessities in product development and control. Since the majority are of fairly recent origin, the P&L Laboratories have a distinct advantage in years of unmatched experience and great stores of ac cumulated reference material. As a matter of fact, there are few companies of any kind which equal the P&L laboratory facilities in equipment, technical organization, efficiency or achievement. An important advantage in P&L's technical staff is the large per centage of personnel whose experience spans more than thirty years. Over the years, this experience has enabled the com pany to develop an unusually competent group of scientists with highly specialized skills. This factor, plus a greater store of technical background material, makes it possible for P&L to apply more concentrated effort on any given problem than is normally possible. The P&L Laboratories serve three main functions: Quality Control, Product Testing, Research and De velopment. P&L's Quality Control covers every phase of paint making from the receipt of raw materials to the seal- cbntinued on following page 0007-PTL-000573 [5] HOUSE PAINT 305 EXTERIOR PRIMER, PRATT & LAMBERT For priming and back-priming exterior wood sur faces. Used as the first coat under all P&L House Paints and Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish. Made in White only. Tint to the approximate shade of the finish coats using P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. A specially formulated primer that increases the life and improves the appearance of exterior finishes. It brushes or sprays on easily and uniformly seals all surfaces of varying absorbency; has extreme hiding capacity; holds out succeeding coats and meets the varying conditions fqund in wood siding, trim, etc. It serves as a bond between the wood and the finish coats, minimizes checking, cracking and scaling. INTERIOR TRIM PRIMER, PRATT & LAMBERT For priming new interior wood trim and bare metal (including aluminum). Made in White only. Tint to the approximate color of the finish coat using P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. A richly pigmented primer which forms a close bond with wood or metal, seals perfectly and dries free of brush marks. Hides extremely well. Has good lev eling and sands easily, presenting a non-porous, uni formly smooth surface which holds out succeeding coats of Vitralite Enamel Undercoating and Vitralite Enamel. LYT-ALL DOUBLE DUTY PRIMER For priming and sealing interior walls and ceilings of smooth, sand-finished and textured plaster and Keene's Cement. Made in White only. Dries to a semi-gloss luster. Tint to the approximate shade of finish coat using P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. A doubly effective primer combining good hiding with remarkable sealing properties. Odorless type. It levels smoothly, producing an ideal foundation for finishing. Can be brushed, rolled or sprayed. A rela tively thick coat can be applied without running or sagging. LYT-ALL EGGSHELL WHITE Oil Base, Eggshell Finish For interior walls and ceilings of plaster, canvas, hard surfaced wallboard, concrete, cinder and other aggregate blocks, concrete, brick, clay tile, wood and metal especially in industrial and service areas. Levels to a smooth surface and dries to an even egg- shell luster. Made in White only. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. A durable oil base wall coating. Brushes or sprays on easily to produce a tough surface which resists chip ping, marring and cracking. Hides well, withstands repeated washings. LYT-ALL GLOSS WHITE Oil Base, Gloss Finish For painting interior walls and ceilings of plaster, canvas, hard surfaced wallboard, cement, cinder and other aggregate blocks, concrete, brick, clay tile, wood and metal in industrial and service areas. A smooth, glossy, enamel-like finish. Made in White HO] only. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. A chip and mar resistant oil base wall coating with excellent durability and washability. It hides well and has excellent gloss retention. 0007-PTL-000579 ] 4 ! j i PRATT & LAMBERT \ > i PRODUCTS AND DESCRIPTIONS Sg gp 33 o2>7 e ? All product descriptions in this section follow a uniformly simple arrangement that makes I pertinent information easy to locate. The descriptions provide data in this order: ] NAME of the product and the type of finish. PROPERTIES of the product in applica tion and when dry. ! USES for which the product is primarily Performance, handling and serviceability. intended. When and where the product can be used Secondary uses, if any. most advantageously. COLORS available, luster and texture. Tinting practices and, where applicable, the inclusion of the product in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors. PRECAUTIONS or limitations. In instances where the precautions or limita tions are contrary to usual practices or not reasonably obvious. LYT-ALL FLOWING FLAT SPECTRUM COLORS Alkyd Base, Flat Finish For decorating interior walls in deep tones. For walls of smooth, sand-finished and textured plaster, Keene's Cement, canvas, asbestos-cement, cinder and other aggregate blocks, gypsum board, wood pulp board, pressed wood board and hard surfaced wallboard. Also for tinting or shading Lyt-all Flowing Flat. Colors are deep, pure and clean. Made in Red, Yel low, Blue, Orange, Green, Brown and Black. Inter mixing "colors or letting colors down with Lyt-all Flowing Flat White creates intermediate hues and tints of rare beauty. Dries to an unusually rich, vel vety smooth, flat finish with practically no angular sheen. Made on an alkyd base. Same quality as Lyt-all Flow ing Flat regular colors. It is odorless type, hides very well, brushes or rolls on easily and dries quickly. Spot prime spackled or patched areas with Lyt-all Flowing Flat Spectrum Color selected for the finish coat. To assure uniformity, it must always be applied over either Lyt-all Double Duty Primer, Vapex Wall Primer or Primafil tinted to the approximate color of the finish coat. Also, it must either be applied with a roller or, if applied by brush, it must be gone over with a roller while still wet, otherwise brush strokes will be apparent. Because all deep color flat wall finishes are more susceptible to burnishing when rubbed, do not use Lyt-all Flowing Flat Spectrum Colors on surfaces likely to be scuffed, smudged or finger-marked. Use Vitralite Enamel Eggshell Spec trum Colors on such surfaces. LYT-ALL STIPPLING EGGSHELL Alkyd Base, Eggshell Finish For both residential and public building work, especially schools and hospitals, on walls of plaster, Keene's Cement, canvas, asbestos-cement, concrete, cinder and other aggregate blocks, gypsum board, wood pulp and pressed wood boards. Also for concealing imperfections and patched areas in rough, uneven plaster walls. Has a stippled texture and an eggshell luster. When first applied, the luster is somewhat higher than its final sheen. Available in White and deluxe colors, all intermixable to make other tints and tones. White or colors may also be tinted or shaded with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and appropriate bases. A distinctive alkyd-base product with extreme dur ability and color permanency. Has no objectionable odor. It can be applied and stippled in one operation with a roller applicator. Always apply over Lyt-all Double Duty Primer, Vapex Wall Primer or Primafil. Produces a moderate surface texture, tending to minimize unevenness of surface and minor defects. Ideal for economical application and maintenance. It does not contain coarse additives. Its super tough film withstands repeated washings. LYT-ALL STIPPLING FLAT WHITE Alkyd Base, Flat Finish For both residential and public building work on walls and ceilings of plaster, canvas, gypsum board, wood pulp and pressed wood board. Also for con cealing imperfections and patched areas in rough, uneven plaster work. Has stippled texture and a flat luster. Made in White only. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of 112 ] Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Color ants and appropriate bases. Can be applied and stippled in one operation with a roller applicator. Always apply over Lyt-all Double Duty Primer, Vapex Wall Primer or Primafil. Hides very well. Odorless type. Produces a moderate sur face texture tending to minimize uneven surfaces and minor defects. 0007-PTL-000581 ALKATITE CEMENT & STUCCO PAINT Solvent Thinned, Flat Finish For finishing submerged walls and bottoms of con crete swimming pools. Also use on exterior masonry walls of concrete, brick and stucco, cinder and other aggregate block units. Satisfactory for painting shin gles and siding of asbestos-cement. Available in White. May be tinted to prescribed colors. Dries smooth and uniformly flat without laps or streaks. Excels in resistance to alkali and weather. Pigments are lime-proof and the film will not sapon- ify. It may safely be applied on new concrete after only 30 days of normal drying weather. No need to wait months for alkali to leach out. Produces a breathing type film. Easy to apply with brush, roller or spray. Practical for use on structures of all sizes, even as large as grain storage elevators. Do not use on roofs, floors, wood or metal. Not to be used as a waterproofer. Not to be applied over a waterproofer. ALUMINUM PAINT, PRATT & LAMBERT Ready Mixed, Aluminum Finish For exterior and interior wood, metal and concrete surfaces. Also for use as a primer on exterior wood to be painted with medium or deep colors. An economical finish for exterior or interior surfaces where a bright, aluminum effect is wanted. Excellent leafing properties assure color uniformity. It is tough and elastic; does not easily crack, chip or peel. Ready mixed. Needs only stirring for use. No.l ASPHALTUM VARNISH Asphaltum Base, Gloss Finish An air-drying, acid resistant black varnish for in terior or exterior metal. Gives excellent service as a liner for outdoor sewage tanks. Will give good pro tection against corrosion of submerged or under- ground metal. Because of surface tackiness, this material should not be used on areas with which people will come into contact. CABINET RUBBING VARNISH, PRATT & LAMBERT f For interior wood trim, doors, paneling and furni ture where the final coat is to be hand-rubbed or polished. A good leveling, full bodied varnish which will produce an extremely smooth finish. The final coat can be hand rubbed or polished to any desired degree of luster. CELLU-TONE SATIN Alkyd Base, Semi-Gloss Finish For interior walls of smooth, sand-finished or tex tured plaster, Keene's Cement, gypsum board, wood pulp board and other drywall construction, concrete, cinder and other aggregate block units, asbestoscement. Also for use on interior wood and metal trim, woodwork and furniture. Available in White and ready mixed colors, all intermixable for additional intermediate tints and shades. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Col ors. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Cali- brated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and appropriate bases. An odorless type paint. This fast drying finish has excellent durability and remarkable washability. Fingerprints, dirt, grease, pencil, ink and other stains can be scrubbed off repeatedly without damaging the luster or color. Ideal for use in fine homes as well as commercial or institutional buildings where paint ed surfaces must be washed frequently or must with stand rough use. Has good stay-put properties dur ing application and holds well on edges. 0007-PTL-00Q576 {73 REDWOOD STAIN, PRATT & LAMBERT * An exterior finish expressly for use on redwood. A red-brown color approximating the color of red wood. Redwood Stain is semi-transparent and will not obscure rust spots and other stains that are on or in the wood surface. The color concentration, however, is sufficient to mask the bleaching that usually occurs when redwood is left unprotected or is finished only with a clear, penetrating type of material. Made to. protect and heighten the natural beauty of redwood siding, shingles and other similar exterior redwood surfaces. Made with fade-resistant colors, finely ground in carefully selected non-bleeding oils. Do not use on furniture. SCHOLASTIC FINISH, PRATT & LAMBERT Gloss Finish For school and institutional furniture; desks, tables, benches and similar wood surfaces. A full-bodied, transparent, gloss varnish. An extremely tough, quick drying finish. Highly re sistant to chemical reagents, alcohol and water. "61" FILLER-SEALER For fast, economical pore filling of open grain woods prior to finishing with P&L clear finishes or P&L Paste Wax. "61" Filler-Sealer has been developed for use on both open and close grain hard and soft woods. Can be applied directly to new wood or over a coat of "61" Penetrating Sealer. Dries to a bone hard foun- dation. It can be recoated the same day. Does not require wiping, thus saves on time and labor. Al though of heavy consistency, it is so transparent it may readily be used over Tonetic Wood Stain with out clouding the finish. Although it does not fill open grain wood as completely as P&L Paste Filler, it surpasses average commercial liquid fillers and is effective for many floor finishing requirements. "61" FLOOR VARNISH Clear Gloss, Satin and Dull Finish For varnishing floors of hard or soft wood, interior wood trim and paneling. Made in Clear Gloss, Satin and Dull. Gloss dries to a deep, rich luster. Satin gives an oil rubbed effect without the work of actual rubbing. Dull gives a water rubbed effect. NOTE: Satin and Dull mix per fectly with Gloss to produce any intermediate luster. f Tough, takes hard abuse. Water resistant. "61" var nished floors are not slippery, do not mar easily, do not spot white, do not show streaks or highlights, are easy to keep clean. "61" Floor Varnish goes on easily, dries smooth, free from brush or roller marks. Dirt and dust do not cling to it. Never specify shellac on floors under "61" Floor Varnish. "61" FLOOR & PORCH ENAMEL Alkyd Base, Gloss Finish For exterior or interior floors of wood, concrete or metal. Also for dadoes of concrete, brick, plaster, wood or metal found in service quarters, stair halls, factories and similar areas. Produces a smooth, gloss finish. Available in Black, White and colors, all intermixable for additional t 14] tints. White may be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. It withstands heavy foot traffic. Has resistance to water, oil and grease; is not easily marred and has good luster and color permanence. Dries rapidly, may be washed repeatedly. 0007-PTL-000583 HOUSE PAINT, PRATT & LAMBERT Gloss Finish For finish coat work on wood which has previously been primed with P&L House Paint Exterior Primer. Also for finish coat work on metal which has pre viously been primed with a suitable Pratt & Lambert metal primer. Made in White and a wide range of attractive colors, clear in tone with high color retention. Produces a pleasing sheen. 300 Outside White is a self-cleaning paint which stays white. 303 Chalk Resistant White is recommended for white work above stone, brick or any contrasting areas where a slow-chalking paint should be used to avoid streaking these surfaces, or when the paint is to be tinted on the job with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. 317 Mildew & Fume Resistant White should be used wherever mildew is a problem or sulfur fumes are present. 317 Mildew & Fume Resistant White cannot be tinted or intermixed with other paints. Fast Drying Gloss Black is recommended for window sash, storm windows and exterior metal. Pratt & Lambert House Paint is included in the P&L System of Calibrated Colors* for use with P&L Machine Colorants and appropriate bases. P&L exterior all weather paints are of the highest quality. P&L House Paints offer maximum beauty, durability, hiding power and covering capacity. Strongly resist the deteriorating effects of sun, heat, cold, rain, snow and ice. Brush or spray on easily. Wear down slowly and evenly, maintaining a smooth, clean finish which may be repainted easily and econ omically. "6-r-r HOUSE PAINT Water Thinnable Oil Base, Gloss Finish For finish coat work on exterior wood which has previously been primed with P&L House Paint Ex terior Primer. Also for finish coat work on metal which has previously been primed with a suitable Pratt & Lambert metal primer. Made in 1300 White, 1303 Chalk Resistant White, 1317 Mildew Resistant White and light and deep bases. To tint, use 1303 Chalk Resistant White and light or deep bases with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors or P&L Machine Colorants. "6-t -I" House Paint, is made with linseed oil in solu tion with watpr. It has all the desirable qualities of good oil paint: good luster, excellent hiding, super ior adhesion, greater film thickness. "6-t -I" House Paint protects against all lands of weather, yet its breathing type of film allows trapped moisture to escape and thus resists blistering and ugly cracking. May be applied soon after rain or dew, even while surfaces are moist. LOW LUSTER HOUSE PAINT, PRATT & LAMBERT Flat Finish * A fiat paint for siding, shakes, rough sawed lumber and other exterior wood surfaces. Also for finish coat work on metal which has previously been primed with a suitable Pratt & Lambert metal primer. Low Luster House Paint produces a dead flat appear ance. White is extra white, free-chalking and should not be tinted. Available in White, Black and a wide range of colors. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Ma- chine Colorants and appropriate bases. All ready mixed colors and Calibrated Colors have good color permanence. An alkyd base, blister resistant finish with excellent weathering characteristics. Specifically developed to meet the increasing popularity of flat house paint. Properly balanced for easy application and good hiding. 0007-PTL-0005 78 [9] "38" PALE TRIM VARNISH Gloss, Satin and Dull Finish For interior wood trim, paneling and doors. Also for semi-exposed surfaces such as window sills and display window floors. Its almost water clear color permits its use in any desired luster over dark, light or even blond stains without changing their color. It is available in Gloss (a pale, glossy rich finish). Satin (a luster approxi mating a hand rubbed look) and Dull (ideal for large panel work for a more subdued effect). For paleness of color and toughness of film, `38 Pale Trim Varnish is unrivaled. Extremely fast dry ing, its hard yet elastic film is not easily scratched or marred and it is remarkably resistant to moisture and strong sunlight. Unlike most other trim varnishes. Satin and Dull do not "gloss up" with constant hand ling when used around doors, trim and fixtures. Will not darken or turn yellow with age. TONETIC WOOD STAIN For staining hard or soft wood: trim, paneling, cabinetwork, window sash and sills, doors and frames, also interior floors and stairs. May also be used for coloring Okene Preservative and Filtex to be used on interior work. Tonetic Wood Stain is a new and exclusive Pratt & Lambert formulation consisting of an unusually dur able vehicle and pigments especially selected for purity of color and resistance to change even when continuously exposed to strong sunlight or heat through glass. Made in an ample range of modern pastel, fashion able medium and traditional dark tones. Deep colors may be wiped after application to produce lighter effects. Pastel colors (Ash, Butternut, Driftwood, Pecan and Silver Gray) should not be wiped. Requires no shellac as a sealer. P&L Clear Finishes may be applied directly over Tonetic Wood Stain. TRAFFIC PAINT, PRATT & LAMBERT Flat Finish For marking traffic lanes on factory floors and paved parking lots around plants, shopping plazas, drive-in theaters, service stations, etc. Also for mark ing interior directional routes in garages and auto mobile ramps. Available in the two most frequently used traffic colors. White and Yellow. A varnish base paint for painting curbs and marking traffic lines. Dries quickly. Can be used in one hour. Can be brushed at package consistencyior thinned for spray applications. Has excellent hiding qualities. Withstands traffic. VAPEX FLAT WALL FINISH Latex Base, Flat Finish For interior walls and ceilings of smooth, sandfinished and textured plaster, Keene's Cement, gyp sum board, concrete, brick or aggregate block walls, asbestos-cement board, wood pulp board and all other dry wall construction. Also can be used on acoustical tile, on new wood that has been primed with Interior Trim Primer and on metal that has been primed with No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer. A smooth, flat wall coating. Made in White and at tractive ready-mixed colors, all intermixable. In cluded in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and ap- [16] propriate bases. Also may be tinted with P&L Multi purpose Tinting Colors and Vapex Tinting Colors. Latex base, odorless type, it has excellent color uni formity. Patches easily without showing. Rolls, brushes or sprays easily and produces a smooth, washable finish. Extremely rapid drying. Two coats can be applied in a day. Its breathing type film allows it to be used safely over "green" plaster. Do not tint with oil color or mix with other kinds of paints, turpentine or paint thinner. Do not use on surfaces where rust is likely to occur. 0007-PTL-0005 85 LYT-ALL FIRE RETARDANT PAINT Flat Finish Bears the label of the Underwriters' Laboratories as a fire retardant paint. Provides protection and decoration for walls of wood, plaster, metal, wallboard, poured and precast concrete, masonry block units and brick. Has effective fire retarding qualities, as well as decorative beauty on walls and ceilings of schools, hospitals, public buildings, stores, offices, restaurants, factories, apartments, hotels, motels and residences. Looks, wears and washes like the finest flat wall finish. Available in many decoratively correct and distinctively beautiful colors. White and colors may be intermixed to secure additional tints and hues. A fire retardant paint with true, decorative beauty. Produces a tough, flat, washable finish that retards spread of flame, is easy to maintain, and creates a fresh, cheerful appearance wherever it is used. Goes on easily by brush, roller or spray. Dries quickly. Effectiveness is proportionate to number of coats applied. A three coat minimum is recommended. Not to be tinted or intermixed with other types of paints. LYT-ALL FLAT WHITE Oil Base, Flat Finish For painting interior walls and ceilings of plaster, canvas, hard surfaced wallboard, cement, cinder and other aggregate blocks, concrete, brick, clay tile, wood and metal in residential and industrial work. A smooth, flat finish. Made in White only. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. An easy working, durable, washable flat finish. Has good hiding power and is ideal for use on large areas. Has good color retention. Easily applied with brush or roller. f LYT-ALL FLOWING FLAT Alkyd Base, Flat Finish For both residential and industrial buildings on walls and ceilings of smooth, sand-finished or tex tured plaster, Keene's Cement, canvas, asbestoscement, concrete, cinder and other aggregate block units, gypsum board, wood pulp and pressed wood board. A velvet smooth flat finish devoid of brush marks. Made in White and a wide range of ready-mixed dec orator colors, all intermixable for additional tints and tones. May also be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Ma chine Colorants and appropriate bases. A superior alkyd flat enamel. Will withstand repeated washings. It is free from objectionable odor, has ex cellent hiding and flowing properties. Easy to apply with brush, roller or spray. Covers well and dries quickly. Because all deep color flat wall finishes are more susceptible to burnishing when rubbed, do not use Lyt-all Flowing Flat on surfaces likely to be scuffed, smudged or finger-marked. Use Vitralite Enamel Eggshell on such surfaces. Unless otherwise specifi cally directed, always apply over Lyt-all Double Duty Primer, Vapex Wall Primer or Primafil. 0007-PTL-0005 80 [Ill VAPEX WALL PRIMER Latex Base * For sealing interior walls and ceilings of smooth, sand-finished and textured plaster, Keene's Cement, gypsum board, concrete, brick or aggregate block walls, asbestos-cement, wood pulp board and other dry wall construction. Also for acoustical tile ceilings, canvas walls and canvas covered pipes. Made in White only, it has a low eggshell luster. It should always be tinted to the approximate color of the finish oiai using P&L Multipurpose Tinting Col ors or P&L Vapex Tinting Colors. A fast-drying, latex primer for use on plaster and exceptionally porous wall surfaces including all types of dry wall construction and absorbent wall boards. Vapex Wall Primer brushes or rolls on easily and is practically odorless. Leaves a hard film and holds out succeeding coats very well. Does not raise the fibers of paper-covered gypsum board. Is less sus ceptible to alkali than conventional wall primers and thus offers an extra margin of safety for priming new plaster walls, especially if they have to be painted before they are thoroughly dry. Should not be applied at temperatures below 50F. since a suitable film will not form. Do not use on wood, metal or reinforced concrete where rust is likely to occur. It will rust iron or steel surfaces and swell unpainted wood. Not to be mixed with oil colors or other paints. VARMOR CLEAR FINISH Gloss and Satin A super durable clear urethane finish for exterior, interior and marine wood surfaces. For finishing natural, stained or filled woodwork exposed to weath er, strong sunlight, moisture or severe wear, such as wood floors, paneling, cabinetwork, trim, doors, porch ceilings, hand rails, window sash and sills, show window floors and similar wood surfaces. Available in conventional Gloss finish, also in a re- markably durable Satin luster for exterior use. Protects while it beautifies. Provides a rich, tough finish coupled with unusual durability for floors and other wood surfaces exposed to wear, marring, scuf fing, fresh or salt water, sunlight and weather. Applies easily with brush, roller or spray. Always specify three coats of Varmor for maximum weather resistance on new pxterior surfaces of wood. VARMOR FILLER-SEALER A combination filler and sealer for use on exterior or interior open grain woods under Varmor Clear Finish Gloss and Satin. Varmor Filler-Sealer does an economical job of filling and sealing in one oper ation. Dries to a hard foundation, sands easily and can be recoated the same day. Does not require wiping, thus saves time and labor. Natural color. May be tinted with P&L Machine Colorants to pro duce Medium, Dark and Mahogany shades. VERDVRA TRIM & SHUTTER FINISH Alkyd Base, Gloss Finish For finish coat work on shutters, sash, doors, trel lises and other suitably primed exterior trim of wood or metal. Dries to a smooth finish with an excellent gloss. Made in White and brilliant colors including red, blue, brown and several shades of green. Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish has exceptional dura bility with maximum gloss and color retention. It f 18] / flows on very easily and dries rapidly. Its glossy finish can be washed frequently. On new wood, use over a prime coat of P&L House Paint Exterior Primer. Apply over a suitable P&L metal primer on new metal. White is intended for use as white only. It should not be intermixed or tinted with any colorant. 0007-PTL-000587 NOXIDE, THE ENDURING METAL FINISH Consists of Noxidc Metal Paint and Noxide Equip ment Enamel. Noxidc Metal Paint is a full line of rust-inhibitive primers and paints for exterior struc tural iron and steel, fire escapes, tanks, bridges and similar surfaces. All colors arc rust-inhibitive; also made in 98 Smokestack Biack, 105 Aluminum and 97 Natural Graphite. Noxide Equipment Enamel is available in a range of brilliant, high-gloss colors for use on both interior and exterior wood and metal surfaces, machinery and equipment. All primers and finishes have high elasticity and toughness to make them extremely resistant to weather, rust and corrosion. Have good stay-put properties especially around bolt heads and sharp corners. Will not run or sag. The surface should be thoroughly clean and free of all mill scale before application. Specify Noxide 98 Smokestack Black for temperatures to 500'F. OKENE PRESERVATIVE For preserving and decorating exterior English half-timbered woodwork. Also for finishing interior wood paneling and trim where a surface finish (var nish) is not desired. Made in Natural only. Non-gloss. A transparent, penetrating type of preservative for wood which seals the surface on which it is applied. Dries to a hard finish. Interior wood stain effects may easily be obtained by the addition of not more than one quart Tonetic Wood Stain to each gallon of Okene Preservative. For exterior work, tint with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Surplus should be wiped off after a few minutes. PASTE FILLER, PRATT & LAMBERT * For filling exterior and interior open grain wood trim and interior open grain wood floors. Semi-transparent. P&L Paste Filler enhances appear ance without obscuring natural grain and figure of wood. Made in Natural, Medium, Dark, Mahogany and White. Additional shades can be obtained by mixing with P&L Tonetic Wood Stain. Excellent for most complete filling of pores of open grain wood fo provide a smooth, level, non-absorb ing, non-shrinking surface for subsequent coats of varnish. Especially useful for staining and filling wood in one operation. Dries hard. Holds out top coats of P&L clear finishes. Surplus must be wiped off before it has become "set." PRIMAFIL Latex Base A primer and filler for previously untreated con crete, cinder and other coarse aggregate blocks. Low eggshell luster. Made in White only. Tint to the approximate color of the finish coat using P&L Vapex Tinting Colors only. A combination primer and filler formulated specifi cally for porous concrete, cinder or other aggregate block units used for interior or exterior wall con struction. Primafil is odorless. It rolls, sprays or brushes on to leave a hard, uniform foundation for finish coats. Primafil's exclusive pigment combina tion gives extra filling, hiding and hardness. Filling may be varied from flush filling for smooth appearance to partial filling for retention of acoustical properties. Various textures can be produced by varying either the consistency or the spreading rate. Primafil should not be used as a waterproofer nor applied over waterproofers or old paint. It is not in tended to be a substitute for plaster. Do not use on areas where iron is present and likely to rust. 0007-PTL-000582 U31 VITRA-TILE SPATTER BASE is a transparent medium to which P & L Multipurpose Tinting Colors or P & L Machine System Colorants are added for colorful spatter effects. Vitra-Tile Spatter Base in one or more colors may be applied over Vitra-Tile Coating, one color at a time without waiting for first spatter color to dry. For white or pastel spatter effects, Vitra-Tile Coating (tinted as necessary to the desired color) should be used instead of Spatter Base. Additional and different multi-color effects can be obtained by "veiling." Veiling produces an irregular thread-like or cobweb overlay that resembles the veined pattern of marble. Materials in the Vitra-Tile System are to applied at spreading rates not to exceed the following square foot coverage per United States and Canadian gallon: PRODUCT BLOCK FILLER (BRUSHED) WALL PRIMER METAL PRIMER COATING 15 mil thick film on dense, smooth surfaces 15 mil thick film on filled aggregate block surfaces U.S. GALLON 50 Sq. Ft. 500 Sq. Ft. 600 Sq. Ft. 100 Sq. Ft. 80 Sq. Ft. CANADIAN GALLON 60 Sq. Ft. 600 Sq. Ft. 720 Sq. Ft. 120 Sq.Ft. 96 Sq. Ft. GLAZE (6 mil thick film) 250 Sq. Ft. * 300 Sq. Ft. WP-578 SEALER, PRATT & LAMBERT A clear sealer for knots and sappy spots in exterior wood surfaces to be painted or enameled. Also may be used as an effective sealing coat over asphaltum or bleeding stains. Efficiently stops bleeding without affecting the ap pearance of paint and enamel applied over it. r WP-578 gives better performance than shellac on exterior wood. Its use should be limited to the areas where sap bleeding would be likely to occur. It should not be applied as a general coat over the entire wood surface. (See General Conditions, page 27). Do not mix with other paint products or tint. / No. 25 ZINC CHROMATE PRIMER For priming aluminum and other exterior and in terior bare metal including structural steel, beams, ventilating ducts, sash and trim. Also particularly suitable for priming metal surfaces which will be submerged in water or exposed to salt atmosphere. [20) Light yellow in color, it levels to a smooth surface. Excellent as a rust and corrosion inhibitive primer. Gives extra protection to metal surfaces exposed to salt atmosphere. Brushes or sprays on easily and dries much quicker than most metal primers. 0007-PTL-0005 89 `61" GYMNASIUM FLOOR FINISH For wood floors in gymnasiums, basketball, bad minton, handball, squash courts and on similar wood floor surfaces. Produces a rich, transparent medium gloss finish, ideal for athletics. This finish is safe, durable and beautiful. It will with stand much abuse. Dries to a hard, non-slip finish which resists permanent soiling and disfigurement. Rubber burns can readily be removed by washing with a rag soaked in mineral spirits. "61" GYMNASIUM FLOOR SEALER A transparent sealer made expressly for use under "61" Gymnasium Floor Finish on floors in gym nasiums, basketball, badminton, handball courts and similar wood floor surfaces. Its purpose is to seal the wood and produce a proper foundation for finishing. May be applied with a brush, roller, mop or appli cator in the consistency supplied. "61" PENETRATING SEALER For sealing hard and soft wood floors. Also used as a finish coat on floors where a heavy duty finish is required and a surface floor finish (varnish) is not desired, such as ballrooms, convention halls, class rooms, super markets, corridors, stairs and similar surfaces. A dear, penetrating sealer of remarkable toughness and durability which impregnates hard and soft wood to resist wear, moisture, oil and staining. Formulated from selected resins and oils to thoroughly seal the surface and produce a perfect base for subsequent coats of "61" Filler-Sealer, "61" Floor Varnish or Varmor Clear Finishes. Goes on easily with brush, cloth, mop or roller. Medium Luster. For wood floors in areas where a high gloss finish would be unsuitable: ballrooms, class rooms, etc. Two coats of "61" Penetrating Seal er produce an excellent heavy duty finish with a medium luster. Buff mechanically with steel wool for best results. "61" SPAR VARNISH Gloss Finish For all natural, stained or filled woodwork exposed to weather, strong sunlight or excessive moisture. Best used on exterior wood trim, doors, porch ceil ings and hand rails. Also for window sills, show window floors and similar interior wood surfaces sub- t jected to moisture and occasional weather exposure. A lustrous, elastic exterior varnish. Has excellent re sistance to fresh or salt water, sunlight and weather. For maximum weather resistance on new exterior surfaces, always specify three coats. SOL1DEX Oil Base, Flat (Matte) Finish For painting interior walls and ceilings of plaster, wall board, concrete, cinder and other aggregate blocks, brick, clay tile (other than glazed tile), wood and metal. Also excellent for paintable types of acoustical material. Produces a dead flat, matte finish. Available in White. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and ap- propriate bases. Also may be tinted with P&L Multi purpose Tinting Colors. An unusual oil base paint for interior walls and ceil ings. It is heavily pigmented and has excellent hiding qualities. It is excellent for surfaces requiring a matte finish. It diffuses light, eliminating glare. Easily ap plied with brush, roller or spray. It is odorless type. 0007-PTL-000584 115] / VAPEX FLOOR PAINT Latex Base, Low Eggshell Luster For basement and other interior concrete floors, also for use on semi-exposed exterior floors, such as porches, patios and breezeways. Made in White and ready-mixed colors, all intermixable for additional tints and shades. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors desig nated as alkali resistant, also miscible with P&L Ma chine Colorants and Vapex Tinting Colors that are alkali resistant. A breathing type of film which is resistant to alkali in concrete. Performs well even on concrete that has not thoroughly cured. Brushes or rolls on easily, for good hiding. Dries fast with a low eggshell luster. To ensure a good film, apply at temperatures above 50 F. VAPEX HOUSE PAINT Latex Base, Low Sheen A low sheen, exterior house paint, specifically de signed for use on wood siding. Also suitable for new aggregate block, concrete, brick, stucco and as bestos-cement. Pigments have been carefully selected for maximum color permanence and weathering properties. Vapex House Paint can be applied on damp but not wet surfaces in almost any weather, providing temperature is above 50 F. Can be ap plied by brush or spray, dries fast, does not settle, wrinkle or flash. Has excellent blister resistance. On new wood must be applied over P&L House Paint Exterior Primer. Primer should be tinted to the ap proximate shade of the finish coat. Made in self-cleaning white which should not be tinted. Included in the P&L System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and ap propriate bases. t VAPEX MASONRY PAINT Latex Base, Flat Finish Use on exterior masonry walls: concrete, stucco, brick or masonry block. Also satisfactory for paint ing shingles and siding of asbestos-cement composi tion. Dries to a smooth, uniformly flat finish. Made in White and colors, ranging from pastels to deep tones. All colors and White may be intermixed in any pro portions to produce intermediate hues. White and colors may be tinted with Vapex Tinting Colors, ex cept Green. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and appropriate bases. This product is an exceptionally fast drying latex paint and may safely be used on new concrete after 30 days of normal drying weather. It has excellent resistance to alkali and weather exposure. Pigments are limeproof and the most lightfast obtainable. The colors are exceptional in their clarity and beauty. It is easy to apply by brush, roller or spray. It pro duces a breathing type film. Do not tint with oil color or mix with any kind of paint, turpentine or paint thinner. Do not use on roofs, floors, wood, metal or magnesite stucco. Not to be used as a waterproofer. Not to be applied over waterproofers. Not recommended for use on swim ming pools. 0007-PTL-000586 117] SURFACE INDEX -- EXTERIOR (coni.) SURFACE INDEX RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION NUMBERS PAINT ENAMEL CLEAR FINISH OTHER R REDWOOD SIDING ROOFS, METAL ROOFS, WOOD SHINGLED ROUGH--SAWED LUMBER 22-27 11-16 32 S SASH, METAL 13-16 17 SASH, WOOD 22-27,29,30 SASH, WOOD (Varmor Finish) SHAKES AND SHINGLES, WOOD 32 SHINGLES, ASBESTOS-CEMENT 1,2 SHUTTERS, WOOD 22,24-27,29,30 SIDING, ASBESTOS-CEMENT 1,2 SIDING, CLAPBOARD 22-27 SIDING, REDWOOD 22-27 SIDING, ROUGH SAWED LUMBER 32 SIDING, SHAKES AND SHINGLES 32 SIDING, SMOOTH, WOOD 22-27 SMOKESTACKS 21 STEEL, STRUCTURAL 11-14 17 STUCCO 1,2 SWIMMING POOLS, CONCRETE 5 T TANKS, METAL TRIM, METAL TRIM, WOOD TRIM WOOD (Varmor Finish) 11,12,15,16 13-16 22-27,29,30 17 17 31 W WALLS, ASBESTOS-CEMENT WALLS, BRICK WALLS, CINDER BLOCK WALLS, CONCRETE WALLS, MASONRY BLOCK WALLS, METAL WALLS, STUCCO WOOD DOORS WOOD DOORS (Varmor Finish) WOOD FENCES WOOD FLOORS WOOD HAND RAILS WOOD HAND RAILS (Varmor Finish) WOOD SASH WOOD SASH (Varmor Finish) WOOD TRIM WOOD TRIM (Varmor Finish) 1,2 1,2 1-4 1,2 1-4 11-16 1,2 29,30 22-27,29,30 29 22-27,29,30 22-27,29,30 31 41 31 31 122} 35,37,39 36,38,40 * 35,37,39 36,38,40 35,37,39 36,38,40 35,37,39 36,38,40 35,37,39 36,38,40 35,37,39 36,38,40 28 33 33 33 28 33 33 34 f 28 34 0007-PTL-000592 VITRALITE ENAMEL Alkyd Base, Gloss and Eggshell For use on interior woodwork, wood and metal trim, walls of plaster, Keene's Cement, masonry, can vas and hard surfaced wall boards. Ideal for use on window sills and other interior surfaces subjected to occasional moisture and weather. Vitralite Enamel Eggshell is particularly well suited for use on radia tors, grilles, convectors and other enclosures. Available tn Gloss and Eggshell lusters, in a wide range of decorator colors. May be tinted with P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Included in the Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors for use with P&L Machine Colorants and appropriate bases. The finest of all interior enamels, odorless type. Good fume resistance. It produces an exceptionally smooth finish of great depth and durability. Dries hard overnight to a porcelain-like finish which will stand repeated washing. White and colors have ex cellent lightfastness as well as color and gloss re tention. VITRALITE ENAMEL UNDERCOATING To be applied over P&L Interior Trim Primer on interior wood and metal surfaces which are to be finished with Vitralite Enamel. A flat undercoating with a uniformly smooth surface. Made in White only. Tint to the approximate shade of the finish coat using P&L Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Especially developed for finest quality architectural work. This odor-free alkyd base undercoating makes a perfect foundation for Vitralite Enamel. It dries free from runs or sags and presents a smooth, hard surface requiring very little sanding. Unusual hiding, leveling and holding out properties provide proper build for fullness of finish. VITRA-TILE Thermosetting Resin Base, Heavy Duty Glaze Finish For tile-like beauty and protection of interior walls at a fraction of the cost of ceramic tile. Vitra-Tile produces a thick facing resembling ceramic tile and is recommended particularly for walls constructed of concrete block and aggregate block. It may be used on walls of concrete, brick, asbestos-cement, plaster, gypsum board, hardboard, rigid metal and wood. Produces a semi-gloss or satin finish. Colorful spat ter or veiling effects can also be achieved. An extremely durable and beautiful "self-baking" wall coating that produces a very hard, non-porous finish resistant to chemicals, solvents, cleaners and hard wear. Its ruggedness, beauty, low cost and easy maintenance recommend it for use in schools, hospi tals, industrial and public buildings, stores, hotels, apartments and motels ... as well as in residences. Instructions given in the booklet entitled "Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Instructions for Application" must be followed carefully. The following products are available for use in the Vitra-Tile System: VITRA-TILE BLOCK FILLER WHITE to fill voids in masonry blocks and form a hard foundation. VITRA-TILE WALL PRIMER WHITE, a combi nation primer and sealer for plaster, brick, concrete, gypsum board and hardboard. Do not tint either Vitra-Tile Block Filler White or Vitra-Tile Wall Primer White. VITRA-TILE METAL PRIMER to provide a smooth foundation for subsequent coats of Vitra-Tile Coating on interior rigid metal: aluminum, steel and galvanized iron. VITRA-TILE COATING to develop depth of finish. VITRA-TILE GLAZE to add gloss and extra hardness. Vitra-Tile Coating is supplied in White, which may be tinted with P&L Machine Colorants or Multipur pose Tinting Colors to produce a wide selection of decorator colors. Multi-color effects are achieved with selected VitraTile spatter or veiling mixtures applied by spray over the Coating. Vitra-Tile Glaze coat must be sprayed on over all applications of spatter or veiling mixtures. When a satin finish and/or economical two-coat job is desired, the Glaze coat may be omitted except over spatter or veiling. However, wear resistance will not be as great in such applications. 0007-PTL-000588 {191 SURFACE INDEX -- INTERIOR (cent.) GLAZE FINISH HEAVY-DUTY VITRA-TILE FIRE RETARDANT FINISH SURFACE INDEX RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION NUMBERS PAINT ENAMEL CLEAR OTHER FINISH D DADOES DESKS, SCHOOL DOORS, FIRE DOORS, METAL DOORS, WOOD DRY-WALL DUCTS, VENTILATING E ELEVATOR CABS (Metal) ENGINES F FIRE DOORS FLOORS, ARMORY FLOORS (Ballroom and Convention Hall) FLOORS, CONCRETE FLOORS, HEAVY-DUTY FLOORS, SCHOOLS, STORES, ETC. FLOORS, WOOD FLOORS, WOOD (Gymnasium, Handball Court, Squash Court) FLOORS, WOOD (Varmor Finish) FORMBOARD, GLASS FIBER FUME-RESISTANT FINISH G GALVANIZED STEEL [24] 121 121 73-76,78-81, 83 121 121 146 101 109,112,121 113 102, 106, 103, 107 105 140-142 116,118,119 108 116,118,119 108 122-124,126 128-138 143,144 106 77,82 103 107 117-120 116 118,119 116,118,119 104 108 104 108 108 162 162 145 * 162 164 162 if 164 147,148, 161,162 151,152, 155,156, 159,163 163 149,150, 153,154, 157,158, 160 52,59,71, 82,92,94, 110,111,115117,122,123 110,111, 115-120 104 108 0007-PTL-000594 SURFACES 1 INDEX OF SURFACES i -- All surfaces commonly encountered in architectural finishing are divided into sections cover; ing. exterior and interior applications. Listings are alphabetical and cross-referenced. Recom mended specifications are indicated for each of the different surfaces according to type of ^ finish. ^ Because today's paints are so specific in function, accurate specifications are of the greatest importance. It is unwise to allow heterogeneous combinations of brands and types of paint ; because of varying chemical and physical properties. For the greatest assurance of satisfactory k results, specify Pratt & Lambert materials by brand name and color. SURFACE INDEX -- INTERIOR (rant.) SURFACE INDEX RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION NUMBERS PAINT ENAMEL CLEAR OTHER FINISH GLAZE FINISH HEAVY-DUTY V IT R A -T IL E FIRE RETARDANT FINISH S SOFFITS, BALCONY (Low Ceilings Etc.) SWIMMING POOLS, CONCRETE T TILE, ACOUSTICAL (Ceilings and Walls) TILE, CLAY TRIM, METAL TRIM, WOOD W WALLBOARD, HARD SURFACE WALLS, AGGREGATE BLOCK WALLS, BRICK, SMOOTH CONCRETE WALLS, CANVASSED WALLS, CINDER BLOCK WALLS, CLAY TILE WALLS, CONCRETE BLOCK WALLS, MASONRY WALLS, PLASTER and KEENE'S CEMENT WALLS, PRESSED WOOD BOARD WOOD DOORS WOOD FLOORS 72 98 99 109,112 121 127 73-76,78-81, 83,109,112 42-45,48-51, 53-55,57, 58,60 42-45,53, 109,112 95-97 42-45,48-51, 53-55,57,58, 60 109,112 42-45,48-51, 53-55,57,58, 60 42-45,48-51, 53-55,57,58, 60,109,112 61-64,67-70, 72,109,112 73-76,78-81, 83,109,112 110,111 115,116 122,123 77,82,94, 110,111 46,47,52, 56,59 46,47,52, 110,111 46,47,52, 56,59 110,111 46,47,52, 56,59 46,47,52, 56,59,110, 111 65,66,71, 110,111 77,82,94, 110,111 122-124,126 164 WOOD FLOORS (Varmor Finish) WOOD PANELING WOOD SASH WOOD TRIM 122,123 122,123 127 122,123 107 128-138 143,147 103 107 108 106 103 , 107 i 102 107 103 107 107 102 107 103 102 f 102, 103 103 103 128-138 147,148, 151,152, 155,156, 159,163 149,150, 153,154, 157,158, 160 128-138 128-138 128-138 143,144 161,162 143,144 143,1441 107 107 107 107 107 106 106 106 106 126] 0007-PTL-000596 SURFACE INDEX -- EXTERIOR SURFACE INDEX A AGGREGATE BLOCK ALUMINUM ASBESTOS-CEMENT SURFACES B BLOCK, MASONRY BRICK C CATWALKS, METAL CINDER BLOCK CLAPBOARD, WOOD CONCRETE BLOCK CONCRETE FLOORS CONCRETE WALLS CONDUCTORS, METAL D DOORS, METAL DOORS, WOOD DOORS, WOOD (Varmor Finish) F FENCES, METAL FENCES, WOOD FIRE ESCAPES, METAL FLOORS, CONCRETE FLOORS, WOOD G GALVANIZED STEEL GUTTERS, METAL H HALF TIMBERS HAND RAILS, METAL HAND RAILS, WOOD HAND RAILS, WOOD (Varmor Finish) HOT METAL I IRON WORK, ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK, STRUCTURAL L LADDERS, METAL M MASONRY WALLS METAL DOORS METAL, HOT METAL ROOFS METAL SASH METAL TRIM P PIPES, METAL PLYWOOD, FIR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION NUMBERS PAINT ENAMEL CLEAR FINISH OTHER 1-4 8,9 1,2 1-4 1,2 18, 19 1-4 22-27 1-4 6 1,2 11-16 13-16 29,30 10 20 7 17 17 31 11-14, 18,19 22-27, 29, 30 18, 19 6 20 7 41 11-16,18,19,21 17,20 11-16 17 35, 37, 39 36, 38, 40 15, 16 29 21 13-16 11-14 18,19 1-4 13-16 21 11-16 13-16 13-16 11,12 22,24-27 17 31 17 20 17 17 17 17 35, 37, 39 36, 38,40 28 34 0007-PTL-000591 1213 f SURFACE INDEX -- INTERIOR SURFACE INDEX RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION NUMBERS PAINT ENAMEL CLEAR OTHER FINISH FINISH RETARDANT FIRE GLAZE FINISH HEAVY-DUTY VITRA-T1LE 1 A ACOUSTICAL CEILINGS (Metal Pan) ACOUSTICAL TILE, (Ceilings and Walls) AGGREGATE BLOCK WALLS ALUMINUM ASBESTOS-CEMENT SURFACES 112,120 99 42-45,48-51, 53-55, 57, 58,60 109,112 84-86,88-91, 93 46, 47, 52, 56,59 94,110,111, 115,116 87,92 102 104 105 B BALCONY SOFFITS (Low Ceilings, Etc.) BENCHES, (Auditorium, School, Laboratory) BOILER FRONTS BRICK 72 21 42-45, 53, 109,112 140-142 46, 47, 52, 110, 111 103 C CABINETS, METAL 121 115, 116, 118-120 CABINETS, WOOD 127 122-126 128-137, 139,143, 140-142 144 CANVASSED WALLS AND CEILINGS 95-97 CEILINGS, ACOUSTICAL (Metal Pan) 112,120 CEILINGS, CONCRETE 42-45,48-51, 53-60,109, 112 46, 47, 52, 59,110, 111 CEILINGS, PLASTER CINDER BLOCK WALLS 61-64, 72, 109, 112 42-45,48-51, 53-55, 57, 58,60 65, 66, 71, 110, 111 46, 47, 52, / 56, 59 102 CONCRETE BLOCK WALLS CONCRETE FLOORS CONCRETE WALLS CONVECTORS 42-45,48-51, 53-55, 57, 58,60 146 42-45,48-51, 53-55, 57, 58, 60,109, 112 121 46, 47, 52, 56,59 145 46, 47, 52, 56, 59,110, 111 117-120 102 103 104 0007-PTL-000593 107 108 107 107 107 108 106 107 107 107 107 107 107 108 23] SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAINTING AND VARNISHING (Continued) Materials (continued) (b) All materials shall be used only as specified by the manufacturer's direction label on the container. <c) All painting materials, such as linseed oil, shellac and turpentine shall be pure and of highest quality and approved by the architect. They shall bear identifying labels on the containers. (d) A "base bid" shall be submitted based on the terms of these specifications, including the use of ma terials of the specific brand, quality and color specified. If the contractor desires to use materials other than those specified, he may exercise the option of submitting an alternate bid and accompany- - ing that bid with his request in writing for approval by the architect. He shall supply the name of the manufacturer and the specific brand name and number of each product he offers as a substitute; and shall state the amount to be added or deducted for such substitution. After the award, no sub stitution of materials for those mentioned in the accepted bid will be permitted. The contractor will be notified within ten (10) days after the award of the contract to him, if such substitution is accepted. If not so notified, the contractor shall follow the specifications in accordance with the "base bid." All approved substitutions shall be incorporated in the contract by change order. (e) All colors shall be selected or approved by the architect. The number of colors to be used on the job shall be determined by the architect. If required, panels for finish and color shall be prepared by the painting contractor in advance, with the materials as specified, for the approval of the architect. WORKMANSHIP (a) The workmanship shall be the very best. Only skilled mechanics shall be employed. (b) Where interior or exterior wood and metal are primed in the mill or shop as a part of the painting contract, the material shall in every case be that specified for such surfaces and shall be used in ac cordance with the manufacturer's directions for the first or priming coat. (See "Shop Coats" on page 30). * <c) Exterior painting shall not be done while the surface is damp, or during cold, rainy or frosty weather, or when the temperature is likely to drop to freezing. Avoid painting surfaces while they ^are exposed to hot sun. (d) Floors and adjacent surfaces as well as all surfaces to be painted shall be clean before painting. (e) All knots, pitch streaks and sappy spots shall be touched up before priming with Pratt & Lambert WP-578 Sealer on exterior wood. On interior wood use shellac for this purpose. (f) All necessary puttying of nail holes, cracks and other defects shall be done after the first coat, with putty of a color to match that of the finish. Putty shall be brought flush with the adjoining surface. (g) All metal surfaces shall be washed with mineral spirits to remove any dirt, oil and grease before apply ing materials. Remove rust and scale by wire brushing or sanding clean before painting. Shop coats of paint that become badly weathered, worn or marred shall be cleaned and touched up by the paint ing contractor with the Pratt & Lambert primer specified. <h) All galvanized steel surfaces shall be pretreated with proprietary acid bound resinous or crystalline zinc phosphate preparations, used according to the manufacturer's directions, prior to painting. <i) All pulley stiles shall be oiled with boiled linseed oil. <j) All exterior trim shall be back-primed before installation with Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer. 128] 0007-PTL-000599 SURFACE INDEX SURFACE INDEX -- INTERIOR (coni.) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION NUMBERS PAINT ENAMEL CLEAR OTHER FINISH GLAZE FINISH HEAVY-DUTY VITRA-TILE FIRE RETARDANT FINISH G GLASS FIBER INSULATION 100 GYPSUM BOARD 73-76,78-81, 77,82 83 I IRON WORK, ORNAMENTAL 116,118,119 103 K KEENE'S CEMENT 61-64,67-70, 72 65,66,71 103 L LOCKERS, METAL M MASONRY WALLS METAL DOORS METAL SASH METAL TRIM MOTORS 42-45,48-51, 53-55,57,58, 60,109,112 121 121 118-120 46,47,52,56, 59,110,111 116,118,119 115,116 115,116 118,119 102, 103 P PARTITIONS, GYPSUM PARTITIONS, METAL (If Factory-primed, Finish same as Dry-Wall) PARTITIONS, PRESSED WOOD BOARD PARTITIONS, WOOD (Plywood) PEWS, CHURCH PIPES (Canvas Covered) PIPES, METAL PLASTER CEILINGS PLASTER WALLS (Smooth, Sand Finished or Textured) PLYWOOD PUMPS R RADIATORS ROOF DECKS, GLASS FIBER ROOF DECKS, METAL ROOF DECKS, WOOD 73-76,78-81, 83 109,112,121 77,82 110,111, 118-120 73-76,78-81, 83,109,112 109,112,127 114 121 61-64,72, 109,112 61-64,67-70 72,109,112 109,112,127 121 77,82,111 110,111, 124-126 122,123 114 118,119 65,66,71, 110,111 65,66,71, 110,111 110,111, 124-126 118,119 117 101 94 94 103 * 104 f 103 136,137 139 105 143,144 114 136,137 139 103 105 0007-PTL-000595 107 107 108 107 108 108 108 107 108 107 106 107 108 107 107 106 108 108 106 [25] SHOP COATS Many construction materials are prime coated at the shop or mill. This is particularly common with materials such as structural metal, metal sash and trim, ornamental iron, convectors, enclosures and certain interior woodwork. From the standpoint of durability and protection, the prime coat determines the effectiveness of succeeding coats. Any primer should; therefore, be of high quality and specifically formulated for the surface to which it is applied. Where primers are required in Pratt & Lambert speci fications, the products called for have been formu lated for best results on the surface covered by the specification. These recommendations, if followed, will assure maximum adhesion and produce a smooth, non-porous foundation for the application of finish coats. Because of this, all materials applied at the mill or shop, either by the painting contractor or under the mill contract, should be as specified by the architect and subject to his inspection and approval. REFER TO THE FOLLOWING MASTER SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE SURFACES LISTED BELOW: EXTERIOR ALUMINUM WOOD Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer See Specifications 8, 9 and 10 Structural Metal, Sash, Trim, Fire Escapes, Catwalks, Doors, Etc. Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer or Pratt & Lambert Noxide 90 Red Lead Primer See Specifications 11 through 20 Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer See Specifications 22,23,25,26, 27,29, 30 * INTERIOR Metal Trim, Doors, Radiators, Ventilating Ducts, Etc. -- Enamel Finish or Heavy Duty Glaze Finish (Rigid Metal) Pratt &.Lambert Interior Trim Primer or Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Metal Primer See Specifications 104,115,116.117 f Wood Trim, Doors, Etc. -- Enamel Finish Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer See Specifications 122,123 Wood Trim, Doors, Etc. -- Lacquer Finish If lacquer finish is specified for interior wood trim, etc., it is the general practice to complete the entire finishing operation by applying all coats specified at the mill prior to installation. See Specification 143 and 144 [30] 0007-PTL-000601 CONDITIONS GENERAL CONDITIONS These General Conditions are written to be completely fair to both the general contractor and the subcontractor and still leave proper control with the architect and the owner. 0007-PTL-000597 f SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAINTING AND VARNISHING GENERAL CONDITIONS (a) The painting contractor shall read and be governed by the General Conditions contained in the com plete specifications for this project. (b) The painting contractor agrees to save the owner, general contractor and architect harmless from all liens or damages to persons or property arising from or caused by his work; and to carry sufficient liability and property damage insurance on the job (an amount satisfactory to the architect) and work men's compensation insurance for all workmen. SCOPE OF WORK (a) The following specifications cover the complete painting and finishing of all surfaces throughout the interior and exterior of the building, except as otherwise specified. (b) The painting contractor shall supply all labor, materials, tools, ladders, scaffolding, and other equip ment necessary for the completion of this work according to the plans and specifications. (c) The painting contractor shall examine the specifications for the various other trades and shall thor oughly familiarize himself with all their provisions regarding their painting. All surfaces that are left unfinished by the requirements of other specifications, shall be painted or finished as a part of this contract. (d) Copper, bronze, chromium plate, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, monel metal, lead and lead coated copper shall not be painted or finished, except as otherwise specified. (e) The painting contractor shall be responsible for inspecting the work of others prior to the application of any paint or finishing material. If any surface to be finished can not be put in proper condition for finishing by customary cleaning, sanding and puttying operations, the painting contractor shall immed iately notify the general contractor or the architect in writing; or assume responsibility for and rectify any unsatisfactory finish resulting. f STORAGE (a) All materials used on the job shall be stored in a single place designated by the owner or architect. Such storage place shall be kept neat and clean and all damage thereto or to its surroundings shall be made good by the painting contractor. All soiled or used rags, waste and trash must be removed from the building every night, and every precaution taken to avoid the danger of fire. EXTRAS (a) The painting contractor shall not be entitled to payment in ekeess of the amount agreed upon in his con tract for any extra work over and above that specified, unless authorized in writing by the architect or the architect's duly authorized representative. MATERIALS (a) All materials used on the work shall be exactly as specified in brand and quality. No claim by the painting contractor as to the unsuitability or unavailability of any material specified, or his unwilling ness to use same, or his inability to produce first class work with same, will be entertained unless such claims are made in writing and submitted with his bid. All paints, varnishes, enamels, lacquers, stains, paste fillers and similar materials must be delivered in the original containers, with the seals unbroken and labels intact. Wherever the abbreviation "P&L" appears in the following detailed specifications it shall mean "Pratt & Lambert." 0007-PTL-000598 [27} EXTERIOR SURFACES MASONRY (Continued) CONCRETE BRICK STUCCO CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY BLOCK CINDER BLOCK AND OTHER AGGREGATE BLOCK UNITS ASBESTOSCEMENT FLOORS, CONCRETE MASTER SPECIFICATIONS LATEX FINISH, LOW EGGSHELL LUSTER (Semi-Exposed) 6 All (designate floors and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Floor Paint (p) ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH 7 All (designate floors and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor & Porch Enamel (q) METAL ALUMINUM HOUSE PAINT 8 All Aluminum (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert House Paint VERDURA if 9 All Aluminum (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish ENAMEL All Aluminum (designate surface and location) shall be given: 10 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel Footnotes: T32J (p) Before applying Vapex Floor Paint, wash concrete floors with a solution of 4 to 8 ozs. trisodium phosphate per gallon of hot water. Rinse thoroughly with clean water. Paint may be applied to surface when damp-dry. (q) New concrete should be allowed to age at least 3 months before painting. Etch concrete with a '0 sc solution of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid. After acid effervesces, flush surface with clean water. Allow concrete to dry before painting. 0007-PTL-000604 SPECIFICATIONS FOR PAINTING AND VARNISHING (Continued) Workmanship (continued) (k) All materials shall be applied under adequate illumination, evenly spread and smoothly flowed on with out runs or sags. (l ) All coats shall be thoroughly dry before applying succeeding coats. (m) All work where a coat of material has been applied must be inspected and approved by the architect before the application of the succeeding specified coat, otherwise no credit for the coat applied will be given, and the contractor shall then assume the responsibility and recoat the work in question. The painting contractor shall furnish the architect a report of each coat applied when completed for inspection and approval to comply with the above. <n) All interior trim shall be back-primed before installation with Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer or Okene Preservative, as required. (o)All woodwork to be finished with enamel or varnish shall be sanded smooth and the surface cleaned before proceeding with the application of the first coat. <p) Tops of all upper sash and bottoms of all lower sash shall be finished same as interior finish. Tops, bottoms and edges of doors shall be finished same as balance of doors after they are fitted by the carpenter. (q) The painting contractor shall secure color schedules for rooms before applying any paint or finish. All priming coats and undercoats shall be tinted to the approximate shade of the final coat. (r) All suction spots or "hot spots" in plaster or cement after the application of the first coat, shall be touched up before applying the second coat. (s) All scratches, cracks and abrasions in plaster surfaces and openings adjoining trim shall be cut out as required, then filled with a spackling compound or approved patching plaster, flush with adjoin ing plaster surface and, when dry, shall be sanded smooth and Sealed before application of priming coat. f (0 Paste wood filler applied on open grain wood, when "set", shall be wiped across the grain of the wood, then with the grain to secure a smooth, clean surface. (u) Surfaces to be stained shall be covered with a uniform coat of stain and wiped off, if required. (v) Enamel or varnish finish applied to wood or metal shall be sanded with fine sandpaper and then cleaned between coats to produce an even, smooth finish. (w) All closets and the interior of all cabinets shall be finished the same as adjoining rooms, unless other wise specified. All other surfaces shall be finished the same as nearest or adjoining surfaces, unless otherwise specified or directed by the architect. <*) The insides of all drawers shall be given one coat of Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss and one coat of "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin. <y) All lettering shall be executed in style and design as directed by the architect. (z) The painting contractor shall not only protect his work at all times, but shall also protect all adjacent work and materials by suitable covering or other method during progress of his work. Upon comple tion of the work, he shall remove all paint and varnish spots from the floors, glass and other surfaces. He shall remove from the premises all rubbish and accumulated materials of whatever nature not caused by others and shall leave his part of the work in clean, orderly and acceptable condition. [29] 0007-PTL-000600 EXTERIOR SURFACES MASTER SPECIFICATIONS METAL (Continued) IRON AND STEEL (Continued) SASH. TRIM. GUTTERS. CONDUCTORS. DOORS. FRAMES. ENAMEL 17 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel ORNAMENTAL IRON (s) FIRE ESCAPES, CATWALKS. LADDERS (s) VERDURA 18 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Noxide 90 Red Lead Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish VERDURA 19 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish r ENAMEL 20 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel SMOKESTACKS, PIPES AND OTHER HOT METAL SURFACES (s) (Not to exceed a temperature of 500F.) 21 METAL PROTECTIVE FINISH, HEAT RESISTING All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Noxide 98 Smokestack Black Footnote: 134} (s) If galvanized steel, pretreat surface before painting. Refer to General Conditions, `Workmanship'' ' paragraph "h," page 28. 0007-PTL-000606 MASTER SPECIFICATIONS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS Exterior and Interior Surfaces SPECIFICATIONS 1-41 --Master Specifications for Exterior Surfaces. All surfaces have been divided into three major headings: Masonry, Metal and Wood. These general categories are subdivided to detail various types of surfaces and to offer specific applications of selected finishes. SPECIFICATIONS 42-164--Master Specifications for Interior Surfaces. These have been divided into sections devoted to three major areas: Walls and Ceilings, Trim, Floors. The general cate gories are subdivided to detail various surface materials and specific applications of a variety of finishes. 0007-PTL-000602 EXTERIOR SURFACES WOOD {Continued) CLAP BOARD, SIDING, SASH, TRIM, FENCES, OTHER SURFACES (Continued) MASTER SPECIFICATIONS HOUSE PAINT -- LATEX, BUSTER RESISTANT 27 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex House Paint REDWOOD STAIN FINISH 28 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Redwood Stain TRIM, SHUTTERS, DOORS, DOOR FRAMES, OTHER SURFACES VERDURA -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 29 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish * r VERDURA -- TWO COAT WORK 30 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish [36) ENAMEL 31 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel 0007-PTL-000608 EXTERIOR SURFACES MASONRY CONCRETE BRICK STUCCO CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY BLOCK CINDER BLOCK AND OTHER AGGREGATE BLOCK UNITS ASBESTOSCEMENT UNFILLED SURFACES MASTER SPECIFICATIONS LATEX FLAT FINISH 1 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Masonry Paint (a) (b) SOLVENT THINNED FLAT FINISH 2 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Alkatite Cement & Stucco Paint (b) FILLED SURFACES LATEX FLAT FINISH 3 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (b) (c) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Masonry Paint SOLVENT THINNED FLAT FINISH ' 4 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (b) (c) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Alkatite Cement & Stucco Paint SWIMMING POOLS, CONCRETE SOLVENT THINNED FLAT FINISH 5 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Alkatite Cement & Stucco Paint (b) (d) Footnotes: (a) For application on new unpainted exterior asbestos-cement, add one quart of Vapex Exterior Paint First Coat Additive to each gallon of Vapex Masonry Paint used as a prime coat. (b) Not to be used as a waterproofer. Not to be applied over walerproofers. (c) Tint Primafil to the approximate shade of the finish coat using Vapex Tinting Color. (d) To insure adhesion on new concrete, 30 days after construction and prior to painting, etch concrete with a 10% solution of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid. After acid effervesces, flush surface with clean water. Allow concrete to dry before painting. 0007-PTL-000603 [31] EXTERIOR SURFACES MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) TRIM, DOORS, OTHER CLOSE GRAIN WOODS -- NATURAL, VARNISH -- GLOSS SURFACES-- CLEAR 37 All wood (designate kind and location) shall be given: FINISHES 3 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Spar Varnish (Continued) CLOSE GRAIN WOODS -- VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN 38 All wood (designate kind and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin CLOSE GRAIN WOODS -- STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS All wood (designate kind and location) shall be given: 39 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 3 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Spar Varnish * FLOORS CLOSE GRAIN WOODS -- STAIN, VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN 40 All wood (designate kind and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin / ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH All floors of (designate kind and location) shall be given: 41 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor & Porch Enamel I38J 0007-PTL-000610 EXTERIOR SURFACES MASTER SPECIFICATIONS METAL (Continued) IRON AND STEEL Note: Use Master Specifications 11 through 20 accord ing to conditions of use and expo sure. See Product Descriptions for de tails on selection of primers. 11 METAL PROTECTIVE FINISH All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Noxide 90 Red Lead Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Noxide Metal Paint (specify type and color) (e) STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, ROOFS (s) METAL PROTECTIVE FINISH All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 12 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Noxide Metal Paint (specify type and color) (e) SASH, TRIM, GUTTERS, HOUSE PAINT CONDUCTORS, 13 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: DOORS, 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Noxide 90 Red Lead Primer FRAMES, 2 coats Pratt & Lambert House Paint ORNAMENTAL IRON (s) HOUSE PAINT * 14 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert House Paintf VERDURA 15 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Noxide 90 Red Lead Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish VERDURA 16 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Verdura Trim & Shutter Finish Footnotes: (e) If structural members are to be embedded in concrete, omit Noxide Metal Paint. (s) If galvanized steel, pretreat surface before painting. Refer to General Conditions, "Workmanship" paragraph "h," page 28. 0007-PTL-000605 33) INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS MASONRY (Continued) POURED AND PRECAST CONCRETE, UNFILLED SURFACES (Continued) CONCRETE BLOCK, CINDER BLOCK, MASONRY BLOCK UNITS AND BRICK ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 49 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 50 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 51 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 52 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) f OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH 53 All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Solidex Footnotes: 40] FILLED SURFACES Whenever retention of acoustical prop erties of rough or porous surfaces may be desired, do not use Specifica tions 54-60 but in stead follow Speci fications 42-53. 54 ALKYD FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (c) (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat (c) Tint Primafil to the approximate shade of the finish coat using Vapex Tinting Color. (h) Spot prime any exposed metal with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer before applying the first coat. (6) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. 0007-PTL-000612 EXTERIOR SURFACES WOOD CLAP BOARD, SIDING, SASH, TRIM, FENCES, OTHER SURFACES MASTER SPECIFICATIONS HOUSE PAINT -- THREE COAT WORK 22 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert House Paint (t) HOUSE PAINT -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 23 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint (t) MILDEW & FUME RESISTANT FINISH All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 24 3 coats Pratt & Lambert House Paint Mildew & Fume Resistant White * f HOUSE PAINT -- LOW LUSTER, BLISTER RESISTANT All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 25 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Low Luster House Paint HOUSE PAINT -- GLOSS, BLISTER RESISTANT All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 26 1 coat Pratt & Lambert House Paint Exterior Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "6-t -I" House Paint Footnote: (t) Where a slow chalking white paint is required, specify Pratt & Lambert House Paint Chalk Re sistant White, [35] 0007-PTL-000607 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS PLASTER AND KEENE'S CEMENT ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 62 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat LATEX FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK 63 All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish 142 j LATEX FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK 64 All (designate surface) walls and ^ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish r ALKYD SATIN FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 65 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin ALKYD SATIN FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK 66 All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin 0007-PTL-000614 EXTERIOR SURFACES WOOD (Continued) SHAKES, SHINGLES, AND ROUGHSAWED LUMBER MASTER SPECIFICATIONS OPAQUE EFFECT 32 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Low Luster House Paint STAINED EFFECT 33 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Exterior Rustic Stain HALF TIMBER CONSTRUC TION PENETRATING PRESERVATIVE FINISH, NATURAL OR STAIN 34 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Okene Preservative (f) * TRIM, if DOORS, OPEN GRAIN WOODS -- FILLER, STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS OTHER All wood (designate kind and location) shall be given: SURFACES-- CLEAR FINISHES 35 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain (g) 3 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Spar Varnish Footnotes: OPEN GRAIN WOODS--FILLER-SEALER, STAIN. VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN All wood (designate kind and location) shall be given: 36 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Filler-Sealer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain (g) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin (f) For stained effects, tint with Pratt & Lambert Multipurpose Tinting Colors. Add not more than one-half pint of color to each gallon of Okene Preservative. (g) If the desired color can be obtained with filler or filler-sealer alone, omit stain. 0007-PTL-000609 (37} INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS DRY WALL CONSTRUC TION ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 74 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat Note: All cemented and taped joints shall be spot primed with Vapex Wall Primer before proceeding with the above specification. LATEX FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 75 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish [44] LATEX FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions,,if any) shall be given: 76 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish Note: AH cemented and taped joints shall be spot primed with Vapex Wall Primer before proceeding with the above specification. . ALKYD SATIN FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 77 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin / ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 78 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled 0007-PTL-000616 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS MASONRY POURED AND PRECAST CONCRETE. UNFILLED SURFACES CONCRETE BLOCK. CINDER BLOCK. MASONRY BLOCK UNITS AND BRICK j AI.KYD FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 42 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) I coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-aJI Double Duty Primer I coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 43 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat LATEX FLAT FINISH THREE COAT WORK 44 AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish (h) LATEX FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK 45 All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish (h) ALKYD SATIN FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 46 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin Footnote: ALKYD SATIN FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK 47 AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 48 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled (h) Spot prime any exposed metal with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer before applying the first coat. [39] 0007-PTL-000611 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS ASBESTOSCEMENT ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat ALKYD FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 85 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat LATEX FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 86 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Masonry Paint (h) f ALKYD SATIN FINISH AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 87 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 88 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled Footnote: 46J (h) Spot prime any exposed metal with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer before applying the first coat. 0007-PTL-000618 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS MASONRY (Continued) POURED AND PRECAST CONCRETE, FILLED SURFACES (Continued) CONCRETE BLOCK, CINDER BLOCK, MASONRY BLOCK UNITS AND BRICK LATEX FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 55 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (c) (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish ALKYD SATIN FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 56 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (c) (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH AH (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 57 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (c) (fa) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 58 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (c) (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled r ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 59 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 60 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Primafil (c) (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Solidex Footnotes: (c) Tint Primafil to the approximate shade of the finish coat using Vapex Tinting Color. (h) Spot prime any exposed metal with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer before applying the first coat. (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. C 41 3 0007-PTL-000613 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS OTHER CANVAS SURFACES ALKYD FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be canvassed with the best grade of decorators' muslin or other suitable 95 material, of a texture and quality approved by the architect, securely applied without laps, wrinkles, or lumps. The sur face shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wjll Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Flowing Flat 148] ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be canvassed with the best grade of decorators' muslin or other suitable material; of a texture and quality approved by the architect, securely 96 applied without laps, wrinkles or lumps. The surface shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled f ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be canvassed with the best grade of decorators' muslin or other suitable material, of a texture and quality approved by the architect, 97 securely applied without laps, wrinkles or lumps. The surface shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled 0007-PTL-000620 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS PLASTER AND KEENE'S CEMENT (Continued) ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 68 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer I coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK 70 All (designate surface) wall& and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 71 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) Footnote: OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Solidex (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. 143] 0007-PTL-000615 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS VITRATILE SYSTEM HEAVY DUTY GLAZE FINISH CONCRETE, CINDER OR OTHER AGGRE GATE BLOCK All (designate block surface and location) except (specify excep tions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Block Filler (1) (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate -- Brushed: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S,, 50; Canada, 60) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Coating (2) 102 (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 15 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 80; Canada, 96) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Glaze (3) (4) (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 6 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S. 250; Canada, 300) Note: To be applied in strict accordance with instructions as given in the booklet: "Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Instructions For Application". PLASTER, BRICK, CONCRETE, GYPSUM BOARD AND HARDBOARD All (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Wall Primer (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 500; Canada, 600) 1 Coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Coating (2) 103 (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 15 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 100; Canada, 120) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Glaze (3) (4) (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 6 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 250; Canada, 300) Note: To be applied in strict accordance with instructions as given in the booklet: "Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Instructions For Application". METAL, RIGID 104 All (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Metal Primer (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 600; Canada, 720) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Coating (2) (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 15 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 100; Canada, 12p) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Glaze (3) (4) (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 6 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S. 250; Canada, 300) , Note: To be applied in strict accordance with instructions as given in the booklet: "Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Instructions For Application". WOOD AND ASBESTOSCEMENT 105 All (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Coating (2) (Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 15 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 100; Canada, 120) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Glaze (3) (5) Apply at a Maximum Spreading Rate For 6 Mil Film: Sq. Ft. per gal: U. S., 250; Canada, 300) Note: To be applied in strict accordance with instructions as given in the booklet: "Pratt & Lambert Vitra-Tile Instructions For Application". 150} (1) Apply Vitra-Tile Block Filler to ensure optimum filling and smoothness of finished job on coarse blocks that contain large voids. Omit Vitra-Tile Block Filler on fine textured smooth blocks. (2) If multi-color effect is desired, spatter or veil with appropriate Vitra-Tile Spatter and/or Veiling mixture (not a continuous coat). (3) Always apply Glaze coat (by spray) over a spatter or veiling effect. (4) Omit Glaze coat (except over a veiling effect) where a satin finish and/or an economical two-coat job is desired. (5) Omit Glaze coat (except over a veiling effect) where a satin finish and/or an economical one-coat job is desired. 0007-PTL-000622 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS DRY WALL CONSTRUC TION (Continued) ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK AH (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled Note: All cemented and taped joints shall be spot primed with Vapex Wall Primer before proceeding with the above specification. ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 80 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 81 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled Note: All cemented and taped joints shall be spot primed with Vapex Wall Primer before proceedin*g with the above specification. f ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 82 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) / OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 83 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Solidex Note: All cemented and taped joints shall be spot primed with Vapex Wall Primer before proceeding with the above specification. Footnote; (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. 145] 0007-PTL-000617 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS SERVICE AND INDUS TRIAL AREAS (Continued) CONCRETE, BRICK, CLAY TILE, PLASTER, WOOD AND METAL (s) (Continued) ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- FUME RESISTANT -- TWO COAT WORK AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 111 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 112 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Solidex DADOES GLOSS ENAMEL FINISH In all rooms throughout service and industrial areas where glazed brick, tile or other dado is not provided except (specify ex 113 ceptions, if any) a (specify height) dado shall be applied as follows: ` 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor & Porch Enamel (j) CANVAS COVERED PIPE All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 114 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer Then finish same as adjoining wall or ceiling Footnotes: [52] (j) Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell or Cellu-Tone Satin may be specified in place of "61" Floor & Porch Enamel. (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. (s) If galvanized steel, pretreat surface before painting. Refer to General Conditions, "Workmanship" paragraph "h," page 28. 0007-PTL-000624 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS ASBESTOSCEMENT (Continued) ALKYD STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls throughout (designate location) ex 89 cept (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) i coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell, stippled ALRYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 90 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD STIPPLED FLAT FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 91 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Stippling Flat, stippled ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 92 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 93 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Soiidex WOOD AND METAL ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 94 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) Footnotes: (h) Spot prime any exposed metal with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer before applying the first coat. (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. [47} 0007-PTL-000619 INTERIOR SURFACES--TRIM MASTER SPECIFICATIONS METAL (s) (Continued) WOOD PARTITIONS, LOCKERS, CABINETS, PIPING (1), DUCTS AND OTHER SECONDARY SURFACES (s) (Continued) 121 ALUMINUM FINISH All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Aluminum Paint ENAMEL FINISH ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- FOUR COAT WORK All (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 122 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Undercoating 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK AH (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 123 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Undercoating 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) PARTITIONS, LOCKERS, ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK CABINETS AND OTHER All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 124 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel Primer SECONDARY 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enapiel WOOD SURFACES r ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 125 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel ALKYD SATIN FINISH 126 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin Footnotes: 1541 (!) See Page 96 for Pipe Line Identification Codes. (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. (s) If galvanized steel, pretreat surface before painting. Refer to General Conditions, "Workmanship paragraph "h," page 28. 0007-PTL-000626 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS OTHER SURFACES (Continued) SWIMMING POOLS, CONCRETE SOLVENT THINNED FLAT FINISH 98 AH (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Alkatite Cement & Stucco Paint (b) (d) ACOUSTI CAL TILE CEILINGS LATEX FLAT FINISH All acoustical tile ceilings (designate location) except (specify ex 99 ceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 or 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Flat Wall Finish (i) GLASS FIBER INSULATION -- RIGID OIL BASE FLAT (MATTE) FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout except (specify 100 exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Solidex, applied by spray FORMBOARD CEILINGS, GLASS FIBER LATEX FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) ceilings throughout except (specify excep 101 tions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 14 Formboard Paint Footnotes: (b) Not to be used as a waterproofer. Not to be applied over waterproofers. (d) To insure adhesion on new concrete, 30 days after construction and prior to painting, etch concrete with a 10% solution of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid. After acid effervesces, flush surface with clean water. Allow concrete to dry before painting. (i) For Gypsum Bulb-T construction, specify 1 coat Solidex. 0007-PTL-000621 [49] INTERIOR SURFACES--TRIM MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) VARNISH -- OPEN GRAIN WOODS (Continued) STAIN, VARNISH -- SATIN OR DULL -- OPEN PORE All (designate wood and location), except (specify exceptions, if 133 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin or Dull VARNISH -- CLOSE GRAIN WOODS NATURAL, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 134 any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss, Satin or Dull Footnote: [56] NATURAL, VARNISH -- RUBBED All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 135 any) shall be given: 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Cabinet Rubbing Varnish, last coat rubbed STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 136 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Satin (m) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss, Satin or Dull f STAIN, VARNISH -- DULL All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 137 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain (m) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull STAIN, VARNISH -- RUBBED All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 138 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Cabinet Rubbing Varnish, last coat rubbed (m) To reduce the prominence of the grain in fir, cypress, yellow pine and other soft woods, specify 1 coat of Filtex (each gallon thinned with 2 quarts turpentine or mineral spirits) before stain coat and omit first coat of varnish. 0007-PTL-000628 INTERIOR SURFACES--WALLS AND CEILINGS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS LYT-ALL FIRE RETARD ANT PAINT WOOD FIRE RETARDANT PAINT -- FLAT FINISH AH (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 106 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Fire Retardant Paint (thinned with one pint Pratt & Lambert Exode Reducer) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Fire Retardant Paint PLASTER, WALLBOARD, MASONRY BLOCK UNITS, BRICK AND CONCRETE METAL FIRE RETARDANT PAINT -- FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 107 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vapex Wall Primer (h) 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Fire Retardant Paint FIRE RETARDANT PAINT -- FLAT FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 108 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Fire Retardant Paint SERVICE AND INDUS TRIAL AREAS CONCRETE, BRICK, CLAY TILE, PLASTER, WOOD AND METAL (s) OIL BASE GLOSS, EGGSHELL OR FLAT?FINISH All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 109 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Gloss, Eggshell or Flat ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- FUME RESISTANT -- THREE COAT WORK / All (designate surface) walls and ceilings throughout (designate 110 location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) (h) Spot prime any exposed metal with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer before applying the first coat. (o) Vitralite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. (s) If galvanized steel, pretreat surface before painting. Refer to General Conditions, "Workmanship" paragraph "h," page 28. {51} 0007-PTL-000623 INTERIOR SURFACES--TRIM MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) LACQUER -- FOR SPRAY APPLICATION OPEN GRAIN WOODS STAIN, FILLER, SEALER, LACQUER -- GLOSS OR DULL RUBBED AH (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall first be sponged with clear water to raise the grain, sanded smooth and then given: 143 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Acid Stain (g) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraloid Lacquer Sealer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vitraloid Lacquer Clear Gloss or Dull Specify if last coat is to be rubbed LACQUER -- FOR SPRAY APPLICA TION CLOSE GRAIN WOODS STAIN, SEALER, LACQUER -- GLOSS OR DULL -- RUBBED All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shaU first be sponged with clear water to raise the grain, sanded smooth and then given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Acid Stain 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraloid Lacquer Sealer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vitraloid Lacquer Clear Gloss or Dull Specify if last coat is to be rubbed / Footnote: [58] (g) If the desired color can be obtained with filler alone, omit stain. 0007-PTL-000630 INTERIOR SURFACES--TRIM MASTER SPECIFICATIONS METAL (s) ENAMEL FINISH ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- FOUR COAT WORK AH (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 115 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraiite Enamel Undercoating 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraiite Enamel Gloss I coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraiite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) 116 ALKYD GLOSS OR EGGSHELL FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK A11 (designate surface and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraiite Enamel Undercoating 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraiite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell (o) RADIATORS, CONVEC TORS AND ENCLO ALKYD EGGSHELL FINISH AH radiators, convectors and enclosures (designate location) shall 117 be given in addition to the shop priming coat: SURES (s) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Interior Trim Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Vitraiite Enamel Eggshell (o) PARTITIONS, LOCKERS, CABINETS, PIPING 0), DUCTS AND OTHER SECONDARY SURFACES (s) 118 119 ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel Primer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel f ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH -- TWO COAT WORK A11 (designate surface and location) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel Primer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Effecto Enamel ALKYD SATIN FINISH 120 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Cellu-Tone Satin Footnotes: (I) See Page 96 for Pipe Line Identification Codes. (o) Vitraiite Enamel has good fume resistance. Colors having the greatest permanence in the presence of fumes are White, Black, Grays and deep colors. (s) If galvanized steel, pretreat surface before painting. Refer to General Conditions, "Workmanship" paragraph "h," page 28. 0007-PTL-000625 1531 INTERIOR SURFACES--FLOORS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) VARNISH -- CLOSE GRAIN WOODS NATURAL, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 151 any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull NATURAL, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 152 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull NATURAL, VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 153 any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin 160] 154 NATURAL, VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN -- TWO COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL -- FOUR COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 155 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 156 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull 0007-PTL-000632 INTERIOR SURFACES--TRIM MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) PARTITIONS, LOCKERS, CABINETS ALUMINUM FINISH AND OTHER 127 All (designate surface and location) shall be given: SECONDARY WOOD 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Aluminum Paint SURFACES (Continued) VARNISH -- OPEN GRAIN WOODS FILLER, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 128 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss, Satin or Dull FILLER, VARNISH -- RUBBED Ail (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 129 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Cabinet Rubbing Varnish, last coat rubbed FILLER, STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: t 130 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain (g) 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss I coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss, Satin or Dull FILLER, STAIN, VARNISH -- RUBBED All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 131 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain (g) 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Cabinet Rubbing Varnish, last coat rubbed / NATURAL, VARNISH -- SATIN OR DULL -- OPEN PORE All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 132 any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin or Dull Footnote: (g) U the desired color can be obtained with filler alone, omit stain. 0007-PTL-000627 155] INTERIOR SURFACES--FLOORS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) HEAVY DUTY FINISH -- OPEN AND CLOSE GRAIN WOODS SEALER 162 AH (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Penetrating Sealer, buffed CLOSE GRAIN WOODS GYMNA SIUMS, GAME ROOMS, SQUASH AND HANDBALL COURTS AND OTHER WOOD FLOORS GYMNASIUM FLOOR FINISH -- GLOSS All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 163 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Gymnasium Floor Sealer buffed (n) 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Gymnasium Floor Finish, buffed 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Gymnasium Floor Finish ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH AH floors of (designate kind and location) except f(specify ex 164 ceptions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor & Porch Enamel Footnote: [62) (n) Buff first coat mechanically, using No. 2 steel wool, immediately after application or, preferably, after overnight drying. Then apply court marking lines in the desired colors of Effecto Enamel. After drying, finish with 2 coats "61" Gymnasium Floor Finish. 0007-PTL-000634 INTERIOR SURFACES--TRIM MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) PENE TRATING FINISH -- OPEN AND CLOSE GRAIN WOODS PENETRATING FINISH, NATURAL OR STAIN 139 All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given; 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Okene Preservative, wiped dry (r) HEAVY DUTY FINISH -- INTERIOR TRIM AND CABINET WORK OPEN GRAIN WOODS FILLER, STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 140 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain (g) 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Scholastic Finish HEAVY DUTY FINISH -- INTERIOR TRIM AND CABINET WORK CLOSE GRAIN WOODS * NATURAL, VARNISH -- GLOSS 141 All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Scholastic Finish STAIN, VARNISH -- GLOSS All (designate wood and location) except (specify exceptions, if 142 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 3 coats Pratt & Lambert Scholastic Finish Footnotes: (g) If the desired color can be obtained with filler alone, omit stain. (r) For stained effects, add not more than one quart of P&L Tonetic Wood Stain to each gallon of Okene Preservative. 0007-PTL-000629 [ 57 ) / INTERIOR SURFACES--FLOORS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS CONCRETE ENAMEL GLOSS FINISH All floors of (designate floor and location) except (specify excep 145 tions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor & Porch Enamel (q) WOOD Footnotes: LATEX FINISH, LOW EGGSHELL LUSTER All floors of (designate floor and location) except (specify excep 146 tions, if any) shall be given: 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Vapex Floor Paint (p) OPEN GRAIN WOODS VARNISH -- PASTE FILLER METHOD FILLER, NATURAL OR COLOR, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL -- FOUR COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 147 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 2 coats Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull FILLER, NATURAL OR COLOR, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 148 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull OPEN GRAIN WOODS VARMOR FILLER -- SEALER METHOD FILLER-SEALER, NATURAL OR COLOR, VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN -- FOUR COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 149 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Filler-Sealer 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin FILLER-SEALER, NATURAL OR COLOR VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 150 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Filler-Sealer 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin (p) Before applying Vapex Floor Paint, wash concrete floors with a solution of 4 to 8 ozs. trisodium phosphate per gallon of hot water. Rinse thoroughly with clean water. Paint may be applied to surface when damp-dry. (q) New concrete should be allowed to age at least 3 months before painting. Etch concrete with a 10% solution of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid. After acid effervesces, flush surface with clean water. Allow concrete to dry before painting. 0007-PTL-000631 159 ] SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES HOSPITALS AND INSTITUTIONS SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Conductors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fire Escapes Floors, Concrete Q Gutters, Metal H Hand Rails, Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 1-4 9,10. 12 1,2 I Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural M Masonry Block Masonry Walls 1-4 11-17 13-17 29,31,35-40 13,15 6,7 13-16 18-20 R Roofs, Metal S Sash, Metal Steel, Structural Stucco Swimming Pools, Concrete T Tanks, Metal Trim, Metal W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 13-17 11,12 1-4 1-4 11 13-17 11,12 1,2 5 13-17 13-17 1,2 1-4 SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Benches, Auditorium, Laboratory (Other than table tops) Brick C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Canvas Ceilings, Acoustical Tile Ceilings, Concrete 164} INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 42,44, 46, 48, 50, 52,59, C Ceilings, Plaster 102,107 104,108-112,115,116 84-93,105,107 Cinder Block Convectors * RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 61,63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 107,109-112 42,44,46,48,50, 52,59, 102,107 108,117-120 140-142 42,44,46,48, 50,52, 103,107,109-112 D 108,115,116,118,120 106,122-124,126,128-136, 138,140-144 95-97 99 42,44,46,48,50,52,59, 107,109-112 E Dadoes Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Doors, Wood Ducts, Ventilating Elevator Cabs Engines / 102,103,105-107,113 108,116-119 108,115,116 106,122,123,128,130, 132-134,136,138,143, 144 108,117-120 116 118,119 0007-PTL-000637 INTERIOR SURFACES--FLOORS MASTER SPECIFICATIONS WOOD (Continued) VARNISH -- CLOSE GRAIN WOODS (Continued) STAIN, VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- GLOSS OR SATIN -- FOUR COAT WORK Alt (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 157 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin STAIN, VARMOR CLEAR FINISH -- G LOSS OR SATIN -- THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 158 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Tonetic Wood Stain 1 coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss I coat Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss or Satin SEALER METHOD OPEN AND CLOSE GRAIN WOODS SEALER, FILLER-SEALER, VARNISH -- GLOSS, SATIN OR DULL THREE COAT WORK All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 159 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Penetrating Sealer, buffed l coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Filler-Sealer, sanded 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin or Dull VARMOR SEALER METHOD All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if any) shall be given: 160 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish Gloss Each gallon of Varmor Clear Finish Gloss should be thinned with two quarts Pratt & Lambert Duosol and applied with brush or other applicator. Each coat should be buffed with No. 2 steel wool after the coat is dry. WAX FINISH -- OPEN AND CLOSE GRAIN WOODS SEALER, FILLER-SEALER, WAX All (designate floor and location) except (specify exceptions, if 161 any) shall be given: 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Penetrating Sealer, buffed 1 coat Pratt & Lambert "61" Filler-Sealer, sanded 2 coats Pratt & Lambert Paste Wax, buffed 0007-PTL-000633 61] SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES HOTELS AND APARTMENT BUILDINGS SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Conductors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fences, Wood Fire Escapes Floors, Concrete G Gutters, Metal H Hand Rails, Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 1-4 9,10 1,2 1,2 I Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural M Masonry Block Masonry Walls I-4 II-17 13-17 29-31,35-40 13,15 22-24,26-28 18-20 6,7 13-17 18-20 R Roofs, Metal S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Shingles, AsbestosCement Steel, Structural Stucco Swimming Pools, Concrete T Trim, Metal Trim, Wood W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 13-17 11,12 1-4 1-4 11 13-17 22-27 1,2 11,12 1,2. 5 13-17 22, 24-29,31 1,2 1-4 SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum B Brick C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Concrete Ceilings, Plaster Cinder Block Convectors D Dadoes Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Doors, Wood [66J INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 42-60,102,107 104,108-112,115,116 SURFACE D Dry-Wall Ducts, Ventilating 42-53,103,107,109-112 E Elevator Cabs Engines 108,116,118,120 124-126, 128-138,143, 144 42-60,107,109-112 61-72,109-112 42-60,102,107 108,117-120 F G Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood / Fume-Resistant Finish Gypsum Board 102,103,105, 107, 113 108,116-119 108,115,116 122,123,128, 130, 132-134,136,143, 144 1 Iron, Ornamental K Keene's Cement M Masonry Block RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 73-83, 103,107 108,117-120 116 118,119 145,146 147-162, 164 52,59,71,82,94,110, 111, 115-117,122,123 73-83, 103,107 116 61-72,103,107 42-60, 102,107 0007-PTL-000639 SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS CHURCHES HOSPITALS AND INSTITUTIONS HOTELS AND APARTMENT BUILDINGS INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND WAREHOUSES MOTELS OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS RESIDENCES--FINE RESIDENCES--MEDIUM PRICE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES This section will save you time and make your specification writing easier. You can quickly pin point all specifications applicable to specific sur faces of the particular structure on which you are working. * For example, for an interior brick wall in a school, simply turn to this section and on page 76 under "Schools and Colleges," eighteen specifications are shown as 42-53, 103, 107, 109-112. Each of these specifications is shown completely and concisely under Master Specifications, pages 31 to 62. As a group, they offer you a wide variety of P & L products for an "unfilled" substrate, depending upon the location of the wall (industrial or service area, etc.) and the quality of the work required (3-coat, 2-coat, etc.) These eighteen specifica tions have been selected for your convenience to give you the most practical and up-to-date archi tectural finishes for that particular substrate. It should not be necessary for you to refer to any other specifications. 0007-PTL-000635 SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, WAREHOUSES, ETC. SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Catwalks Cinder Block Conductors D Doors, Meta] F Fences, Metal Fire Escapes Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood G Gutters, Metal H Hand Rails, Metal Hot Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 1-4 9,10 1.2 1,2 SURFACE 1 Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural M Masonry Walls RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 13-17 11,12 1-4 1-4 18-20 1-4 11-17 P Pipes R Roofs, Metal 11 11 13-16 13,15 18-20 6, 7 7 13-16 18-20 21 S Sash, Metal Smokestacks Steel, Structural Stucco T Tanks, Metal Trim, Metal W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block Walls, Metal 13-17 21 11,12 ; 1,2 13-17 13-17 12 1-4 11-16 SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Concrete Ceilings, Plaster Cinder Block Convectors D Dadoes Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Ducts, Ventilating [68] INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 42-51,53-58, 60,102 104,109-112 84-91,93,105 E Elevator Cabs Engines 42-51,53,103,109, 112,113 118-122 124-127 42-51, 53-58,60,109-112 62,64,66,68,70, 72, 109-112 42-51,53-58, 60,102 118-121 102,103,105,113 118-121 118-121 117-120 F Floors, Concrete Floors, Heavy-Duty Fume-Resistant Finish Formboard, Glass Fiber I Iron, Ornamental / K Keene's Cement L Lockers, Metal M Masonry Block Motors RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS f 116 118,119 145,146 162 94,110, 111, 117 101 116,118,119 62,64, 66, 68,70, 72,103 118-120 42-58, 60,102 118,119 0007-PTL-000641 SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES CHURCHES SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Clapboard Siding Conductors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fences, Wood Floors, Concrete G Gutters, Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 1-4 9,10 1,2 1,2 1-4 22,23,25-27 13-16 H Hand Rails, Metal Hand Rails, Wood 1 Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural M Masonry Block Masonry Walls R Roofs, Metal 13-16 35-40 13,15 22, 23, 28 6,7 13-16 S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Stucco T Trim, Metal Trim, Wood W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 18-20 29, 31,37-40 13-16 11,12 1-4 1-4 11 13-17 22,23, 28, 35-40 1,2 13-16 22, 23, 28, 34-40 1,2 1-4 SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Acoustical Tile Ceilings, Concrete Ceilings, Plaster Cinder Block Convectors D Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Doors, Wood Ducts, Ventilating F Floors, Concrete Floors, Heavy-Duty Wood Floors, Wood 1 Iron, Ornamental K Keene's Cement INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 42-60,102 104,116 84-93,105 M Masonry Block * Metal Partitions Metal Partitions (Pre-primcd) 42-47,52,53,103 P Paneling, Wood 116 123,128,132-134,136,137 99 42-60 61-68, 71,72 42-60,102 117 R S 116 116 122, 123,128,132-134, 136, 137 117 T Pews, Church Pipe, Canvas Covered Radiators Sash, Metal Soffits, Balcony Tile, Acoustical Trim, Metal Trim, Wood 145,146 162 164 116,118,119 61-68,71,72,103 V Ventilating Ducts w Walls, Aggregate Block Walls, Brick & Smooth Concrete Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 42-60,102 116 73-83, 103 122, 123, 128,132,134, 136, 137 122, 123,143, 144 114 117 116 72 99 115,116 123,128,132,134,136, 137 117 42-60,102 42-47,52, 53,103 42-60,103 42-60,102,103 61-68,71, 72,103 0007-PTL-000636 C 63 I SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES MOTELS SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Clapboard Siding Conductors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fences, Wood Floors, Concrete G Gutters, Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 1-4 9,10 1,2 1,2 P Plywood, Fir R Redwood Siding Roofs, Metal Rough Sawed Lumber 1-4 22,24-27 11-17 13-17 29-31,35-40 15 22, 23,26-28 6,7 13-17 S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Shakes, Wood Shingles, AsbestosCement Shutters Siding, Smooth Steel, Structural Stucco Swimming Pools, Concrete I Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural 13-17 11,12 T Trim, Metal Trim, Wood RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 22, 23,26, 27 22,23,26-28 11 32,33 13-17 22-27 32,33 1,2 29-31 22,23,26-28 13-17 1,2 5 13-17 22,23, 25, 26, 28-31 M Masonry Block Masonry Walls 1-4 1-4 W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block 1,2 1-4 t SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Concrete Ceilings, Plaster Cinder Block Convectors 170J INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 42-60,102,107 104,108-112,116 84-93,105,107 D Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Doors, Wood 42-53,103,107, 109-112 Dry-Wall Ducts, Ventilating 123,132-134,136,137,139 42-53,107,109-112 61-72,107,109-113 42-60,102,107,109,113 108,117,120 F Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood Fume-Resistant Finish RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 108,116 115,116 122,123,128,130, 132-136,138,143,144 73-83,103,107 106,117-120 145,146 147-162,164 52, 59,71, 82,94,110, 111,115-117,122,123 0007-PTL-000643 Selected Specifications by Building Types HOSPITALS AND INSTITUTIONS SURFACE F Floors, Concrete Floors, Heavy-Duty Floors, Wood Fume-Resistant Finish G Glass Fiber Insulation I Iron, Ornamental K Keene's Cement L Lockers, Metal M Masonry Block Metal Partitions Metal Partitions (Pre-primed) P Paneling, Wood INTERIOR (Continued) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 145,146 162 162 52, 59, 71, 94, 95, 110, 111, 115,117,122,123 P Pipe, Canvas Covered Pumps R Radiators S Sash, Metal 100 T Tile, Acoustical Tile, Clay 116 Trim, Metal Trim, Wood 61, 63, 65, 67, 69,71, 103,107 108,118-120 V Ventilating Ducts W Walls, Aggregate Block 42,44, 46,48, 50, 52, 59, 102,107 108-112,118-120 Walls, Brick & Smooth Concrete 73-82 Walls, Clay Tile Walls, Masonry 106,122-126,128-136, 138,143,144 Walls, Plaster * RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 107,114 118,119 117 108,115,116 99 103,107,109-112 108,115,116 106, 122-126, 128, 130, 132-134, 136, 140, 144 108, 117-120 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 59, 102,107 42,44, 46,48,50, 52, 103, 107,109-112 103,107,109-112 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52,59, 102,103,105,107,109-112 61, 63, 65, 67,69,71, 103, 107,109-112 0007-PTL-000638 {653 SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Conductors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fire Escapes C Gutters, Metal H Hand Rails, Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 1-4 9,10 1,2 1,2 1 Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural M Masonry Block Masonry Walls I-4 II-17 13-17 29,35-40 13,15 18-20 13-16 18-20 R Roofs, Metal S Sash, Metal Steel, Structural Stucco T Tanks, Metal Trim, Metal W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 13-17 11,12 1-4 1-4 11 13-17 11,12 1,2 13-17 13-17 1,2 1-4 SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Acoustical Tile Ceilings, Concrete Ceilings, Plaster Cinder Block Convectors D Dadoes Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Doors, Wood Ducts, Ventilating 172} INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 42-60,102 104,109,116 84-93,105 42-53,103,109 E F 116,118,120 122-124,126,128,132-134, 136,143,144 99 42-60,109 61-72,109 42-60,102 117-120 G I Elevator Cabs Engines Floors, Concrete Floors, Heavy-Duty Wood Fume-Resistant Finish Glass Fiber Insulation Iron, Ornamental 102-105,113 116-119 116 123,128,132-134,136, 143,144 117-120 K Keene's Cement L Lockers, Metal M Masonry Block ' RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 116 118,119 f 145,146 162 52,59,71,94,116, 117,123 100 116 61-72,103,109 118,120 42-60,1102 0007-PTL-000645 Selected Specifications by Building Types HOTELS AND APARTMENT BUILDINGS SURFACE p Paneling, Wood Pipe, Canvas Coveted INTERIOR (<Continued) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 106, 122-126,128-136, 138, 143,144 107, 114 T Trim, Metal Trim, Wood R Radiators S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Soffits, Balcony Swimming Pools, Concrete 117 W 116 122-126, 128, 130, 132-134, 136,143,144 72 Wallboard Walls, Aggregate Block Walls, Brick & Smooth Concrete Walls, Masonry 98 Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 116 122-126,128,130,132-134, 136,143,144 73-83, 103,107 42-60,102,107 42-53,103,107,109-112 42-60, 102, 103, 105, 107, 109-112 61-72, 103,107,109-112 / 0007-PTL-000640 [67) SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES FINE RESIDENCES SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Clapboard Siding D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fences, Wood Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood G Gutters, Metal H Hand Rails, Wood I Iron Work, Ornamental M Masonry Block Masonry Walls EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 1-4 8-10 1,2 1,2 1-4 22,24-27 13-17 29,31-41 13,14 22,24-28 6,7 41 13-17 29, 31,37-40 13-17 1-4 1-4 SURFACE O Ornamental Metal P Plywood, Fir R Redwood Siding Roofs, Metal Roofs, Wood Shingled Rough Sawed Lumber S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Shakes, Wood Shutters Siding, Smooth Stucco Swimming Pools, Concrete T Timbers, Half Trim, Metal Trim, Wood w Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block Walls, Wood Shingled RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 13-17 22,24-27,37-40 22,24,28 13,15 33 32,33 13-17 22.24-27,29,31,35-40 32,33 29, 31 22.24-27 1,2 5 34 13-17 22,24-28, 29, 31,35-40 1,2 1-4 32,33 SURFACE A Aluminum Asbestos-Cement C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Plaster Convectors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood Dry-Wall Ducts, Ventilating F Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood G Gypsum Board 174] INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 115,116 84,87,88, 90,92 I Iron, Ornamental K Keene's Cement 115,116 122,123,128-131,133-136, 138 95-97 61, 63,65,69 117 P R 115,116 122,123,128,130, 132-134,136 73, 75,77,78, 80,82 117 S T 145,146 147-151,153,155,157, 15M61,1(4 W 73,75, 77,78, 80,82 Paneling, Wood Radiators Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Swimming Pools, Concrete Trim, Metal Trim, Wood Wallboard Walls, Canvas Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 115,116 61, 63, 65, 67, 69,71 122,123,128-131, 133-136,138 117 115,116 / 122,123,128,130,133, 134,136 98 122,123,128,130,133, 134,136 73,75,77,78,80,82 95-97 61,63, 65,67, 69,71 0007-PTL-000647 Selected Specifications by Building Types INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, WAREHOUSES, ETC. SURFACE p Partitions, Metal Partitions, Metal (Pre-primed) Partitions, Wood and Plywood Pipe, Canvas Covered Pipes, Metal Pumps R Radiators S Sash, Metal INTERIOR (Continued) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 104,109-112,118-121 SURFACE T Tile, Clay Trim, Metal Trim, Wood V Ventilating Ducts 105,109-112,124-127,139 114 118,119,121 W Walls, Aggregate Block Walls, Brick & 118,119,121 Smooth Concrete Walls, Clay Tile Walls, Concrete 117 Walls, Masonry 116,121 Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 103,109-112 116,121 124-127,139 117-120 42-51,53-58, 60,102 42-51,53,103,109,112 109 42-51,53-58,60,103, 109-112 42-51, 53-58, 60,103, 62,64,66, 68,70,72, 103,109-112 0007-PTL-000642 [691 SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Conductors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fire Escapes Floors, Concrete G Gutters, Metal H Hand Rails, Metal EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 1-4 9,10 . 1,2 1,2 1 Iron Work, Ornamental Iron Work, Structural M Masonry Block Masonry Walls 1-4 11-17 13-17 29,31, 35-40 13,15 18-20 6,7 13-16 18-20 R Roofs, Metal S Sash, Metal Steel, Structural Stucco Swimming Pools, Concrete T Tanks, Metal Trim, Metal Trim, Wood W Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Block RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 13-17 11,12 1-4 1-4 11 13-17 11,12 1,2 5 13-17 13-17 29,31, 35-40 1,2 1-4 SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Benches, Auditorium, Laboratory (Other than table tops) Brick C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Acoustical Tile Ceilings, Concrete Ceilings, Piaster Cinder Block Convectors 176] INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 42-60,102, 107 104,108-112,115,116 84-93,105,107 D Dadoes Desks, School Doors, Fire Doors, Metal Doors, Wood 140-142 42-53,103,107,109-112 108,115,116,118,120 Ducts, Ventilating E Elevator Cabs Engines 132-134,136,140,144 99 42-60,107,109-112 61-71,107, 109-112 42-60,102,107 108, 117-120 F Floors, Concrete Floors, Heavy-Duty Wood Floors, Wood Fume-Resistant Finish ---------------- -------- r. RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 102,103, 105-107,113 140-142 108,116-118 108,115,116 106,122,123, 128, 132-134,136,143,144 108,117-120 . 116 118,119 145,146 162 159,160,162-164 52,59,71,94,110, 111, 115-117,122,123 0007-PTL-000649 Selected Specifications by Building Types MOTELS SURFACE G Gypsum Board I Iron, Ornamental INTERIOR (Continued) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 73-83,103,107 116 S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Swimming Pools, Concrete K Keene's Cement Masonry Block Motors P Paneling, Wood R Radiators 61-72,103,107 118,119 106,123,132-134,136, 137,139 117 T Trim, Metal Trim, Wood W Wallboard Walls, Aggregate Block Walls, Brick & Smooth Concrete Walls, Masonry Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 116 123,132-134,136,137 98 116 123,132-134,136,137,139 73-83,103,107 42-60,102,107 42-53,103,107,109-112 42-60,102,103,105,107, 109-112 61-72,103,107 * 0007-PTL-000644 I7U 0007-PTL-000651 Selected Specifications by Building Types OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS SURFACE p Paneling, Wood Partitions, Metal Partitions, Metal (Pre-primed) Pipe, Canvas Covered Pumps R Radiators S Sash, Metal T Tile, Acoustical Tile, Clay INTERIOR (Continued) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS SURFACE 123-126,128,132-134,136, T 143,144 108,109,116,118,120 Trim, Metal Trim, Wood 73-83 114 118,119 117 116 V Ventilating Ducts w Walls, Aggregate Block Walls, Brick & Smooth Concrete Walls, Clay Tile 99 103,109 Walls, Masonry Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 116 123-126,128,132-134,136, 143,144 117-120 42-60,102 42-53,103,109 103,109 Al-Aft 1A1 1AO 42-60,102,103,109 61-72,103,109 0007-PTL-000646 173] SELECTED SPECIFICATIONS BY BUILDING TYPES MEDIUM PRICE RESIDENCES SURFACE A Aggregate Block Aluminum Asbestos-Cement B Brick C Cinder Block Clapboard Siding D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood F Fences, Metal Fences, Wood Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood G H Hand Rails* Wood I Iron Work, Ornamental M Masonry Block Masonry Walls EXTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 1-4 8,9 1,2 1,2 1-4 23-27 13-17 30, 37-40 13, 14 23-28 6,7 41 SURFACE O Ornamental Metal P Plywood, Fir R Redwood, Siding Roofs, Metal Roofs, Wood Shingled Rough Sawed Lumber S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood Shakes, Wood Shutters Siding, Smooth Stucco 13, 14 30,37-40 13-17 1-4 1-4 T Timbers, Half Trim, Metal Trim, Wood W Walls, Masonry Block Walls, Wood Shingled RECOMMENDED SPEC! FICATIONS 13, 14 23-27, 37-40 23-28 13 33 32, 33 13-17 23-Z7, 3U, 37-40 32, 33 30 23-27 1,2 34 13-17 23-28, 30, 37-40 1, 2 1-4 32,33 SURFACE A Aluminum C Cabinets, Metal Cabinets, Wood Ceilings, Plaster Convectors D Doors, Metal Doors, Wood Dry-Wall Ducts, Ventilating F Floors, Concrete Floors, Wood G Gypsum Board INTERIOR RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 116 SURFACE I Iron, Ornamental 116 123,132-134,137 61, 62, 64, 70, 72 117 116 123, 132-134, 137 73-83 117 K Keene's Cement P Paneling, Wood R Radiators S Sash, Metal Sash, Wood 145,146 148,150-154,156, 158-162,164 73-83 T Trim, Metal Trim, Wood W Wallboard Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 116 61, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72 123, 132-134, 136, 137 117 116 123, 132-134, 136, 137 116 123, 132-134, 136, 137 73-83 61, 62,64,66,68, 70,72 0007-PTL-000648 [75] understanding color As any colorist knows, the science of color and color planning is complex since it involves not only physics and chemistry, but physiology and psychology as well. Some people can handle color almost intuitively; others seem to lack this ability. But whether or not one has the "knack" of using color, a vivid mental image of the color spectrum (Figure III, fixing per manently in mind the J2 colors in this orderly ar rangement, will make it. possible for any intelligent person id create beautiful color schemes easily and safely. The color wheel tells at a glance what colors go well together and what colors do not. measuring color An understanding of the measurements of color helps in the effective use of colors in decoration. Just as one building may differ from another in height, length and width, so colors differ in their dimen sions. The measurements of color are called hue, value and chroma. hue Hue is a synonym for color. It is the property which distinguishes one color family from another. A hue may be lightened (tinted) with white, or darkened (shaded) with black, but still remain the same hue. For example, a light blue and a dark blue, plus all intermediates of the two, are the same hue. value Adding White Raises Value FIG. IV Value is the degree of lightness or darkness of a color in relation to pure white at the top of the scale or to black at the bottom. Yellow, at the top of the color wheel, is close in value to white so is said to have high value. On the other hand, violet, at the bottom of the wheel, is much closer in value to black so is said to have low value. I80J Figure IV illustrates the ascending and descending value of color. When white is added to any color, the resulting tint becomes a higher value of that color. When black is added to any color, the result ing shade becomes a lower value of that color. High value colors reflect more light. Low value colors ab sorb more light. normal spectrum value order By referring to Figure V, it is easy to note the relative value of each hue. Yellow is the lightest or highest in value. The colors on each side of yellow are progressively lower in value as they approach violet, the darkest. This relationship of hues is their normal spectrum value order. White FIG. V When selecting tints and shades of different colors for decoration, this normal spectrum value should be maintained. If, for example, orange and blue are to be used in a color scheme in their normal values, the blue should be darker than the orange. If, how ever the blue is lightened with white to equal or exceed the value of the orange, the result becomes unpleasant because the normal spectrum value re lationship of these two colors has been violated. It is permissible to lighten any spectrum or inter mediate color, provided all other colors of normally higher value to be used in combination with it are also lightened to a corresponding degree. The en tire color wheel of hues may, in fact, be lightened or raised in value to a higher degree by adding pro portionate amounts of white to each color. When so lightened, tints are produced like Sudan Ivory, Lime Yellow, Rose, Indian Turquoise, Melon Green, Wedgwood Blue, etc., which are so successfully used in decoration. 0007-PTL-000654 Selected Specifications by Building Types SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES SURFACE G Glass Fiber Insulation I Iron, Ornamental K Keene's Cement L Lockers, Metal M Masonry Block Metal Partitions Metal Partitions (Pre-primed) P Paneling, Wood Pipe, Canvas Covered Pumps R Radiators - S Sash, Metal Soffits, Balcony INTERIOR (Continued) RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 100 116 SURFACE S Swimming Pools, Concrete 61-71, 103, 107 108, 118-120 42-60, 102, 107 108-112, 118-120 T Tile, Acoustical Tile, Clay Trim, Metal Trim, Wood 73-82 106, 122-126, 128, 132-134,136,143, 144 107, 114 118, 119 117 108,115,116 72,107 V Ventilating Ducts W Walls, Aggregate Block Walls, Brick & Smooth Concrete Walls, Clay Tile Walls, Concrete Walls, Masonry Walls, Plaster RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS 98 - 99 103, 107, 109-112 108, 115, 116 106, 122-126, 128, 132-134, 136, 140-144 106,117-120 42-60, 102,107 42-53, 103, 107, 109-112 101, 107, 109-112 42-60, 103, 107, 109-112 42-60, 102, 103, 105, 107, 109-112 61-71, 103, 107, 109-112 0007-PTL-000650 [77] THE RULES FOR HARMONIOUS COLOR RELATIONSHIP BY COLOR CONTRAST true complement Contrast is the most pleasing relationship of color. The perfect contrast is found in colors opposite one another on the color wheel. These are defined as Color Complements because each color does com plement the other. Violet, being opposite to yellow, is the color complement of yellow (Figure VI1). Red is the color complement of green. Blue is the color complement of orange, etc. The complementary color scheme should be used with discretion. Choose a color that seems to meet requirements. If, for example yellow is selected as the predominating color for a room, then violet, its complement, should be used tastefully as the accent. Excessive use of a complementary color would make a room appear unbalanced. Applying the complementary color scheme to P & L Calibrated Colors, if Melon Green were used on the walls of a room, then proper balance would be maintained by using rose-colored draperies as the color complement. split complement Favorable contrast is also found with the colors on either side of the opposite or complementary color and is defined as a Split Complement (Figure VIII). Red-violet and blue-violet are the split com plements of yellow. Here again, using each color in proper proportion is important. A practical application of P & L Calibrated Colors would be to use Lime Yellow for walls with a dark plum (blue-violet) rug and burgundy (red-violet) draperies. FIG. IX color triad Favorable contrast is likewise to be found witn any three colors equidistant on the spectrum such as yellow, red and blue. This formation is known as a Color Triad. The colors create favorable contrast. Triads can easily be established on the color spectrum by drawing an equilateral triangle between any three hues (Figure IX). This can be done not only with the color on the rim of the color wheel (full inten sity), but with any of the intermediate degrees of those colors. Strong or full chroma colors are seldom used ex clusively in working out a color plan. It is better decorative practice to use subdued tints or shades of either spectrum colors or intermediate colors. An example of the use of a color triad is found in a room having Indian Turquoise walls (blue-green), with a wine-colored rug <red-violet) and apricot (yellow-orange) draperies. [82] FIG. VIII FIG. X alternate complement A four color plan frequently used in decoration is the Alternate Complement, which is achieved by selecting the three alternate colors opposite a given color (Figure X). For example, red-violet, redorange and yellow-orange would be the alternate complement of blue-green. 0007-PTL-000656 COLOR IN DESIGN COLOR IN DESIGN o / 0G07-PTL-000652 walnut); the walls and trim. Cocoa Brown, and the ceiling a much lighter value of Cocoa Brown, and thereby develop an ideal monochromatic background. It may be a public space without accessories and complete in itself, or the space may be brightened by contrasting accents. Natural walnut trim was in jected into this illustration to emphasize that the color of wood, marble or other similar surfaces should not be ignored in a color composition. MONOCHROMATIC COLOR RELATIONSHIP WITH ACCENT Accessories such as brightly colored draperies made of brown figures on an off-white base could be added to the foregoing color plan and still keep all colors in the same monochromatic family. While the most restful interiors are usually done in a mono chromatic scheme, it is often, possible to achieve an even better result by using the complementary color in an accessory for accent. To illustrate: another monochromatic color plan might be based on Empire Green, and the comple mentary accent color used in a very limited way could be Rose. NEUTRALS PLUS ACCENTS In contemporary, high-style decoration back ground areas, walls, ceilings, paneling, etc., may be painted White, off-white such as Bone White or in a light or medium shade of gray. Color accents, usually deep or vivid, are supplied in small, occa sional elements like pictures, pottery, pillows or draperies. Grays such as Platinum, Puritan Gray or Fawn Gray are conservative, yet effective, in decoration when accented with two or three high chroma, deep value colors which, by themselves, are in harmonious cali brated relationship. PRINCIPLES OF BALANCE AND PROPORTION In addition to the orderly relationship of colors themselves, there are simple, basic rules for perfec tion of harmonious balance. Principle No. 1 -- Avoid using equal areas of con trasting colors. For instance a bathroom with Wedg wood Blue dado and Orange Blossom upper wall 1843 would not be pleasing because the areas would be approximately equal. An all-Orange Blossom bath room with blue towels or an all-Wedgwood Blue bathroom with orange towels would be effective be cause of the limited use of the contrasting or comple mentary color of the towels. The amount of contrasting area should be governed largely by the degree of brightness or chroma in which the contrasting color is used. The smaller the contrasting area, the more brilliant the contrasting color may be, and conversely, the larger the con trasting area, the more neutral it should be. Equal areas of the same value and chroma are mono tonous. Light tints alone are likely to appear dull and uninteresting. A bedroom with walls, curtains, spreads, etc., carried out only in light tints such as Sudan Ivory, Lime Yellow and Dusty Green will lack punch unless a counterbalancing touch of a deep, rich color (low value, strong chroma) like a dark burgundy rug is added for color balance and strength. Equal areas of dark colors are likely to be depress ing. A room painted in a deep green would be op pressive if all the furnishings and accessories were carried out in deep tones of blues and reds. It would need relief from such dark values. Painting the wood work Bone White or using blond furniture and gay, light-colored fabrics would add vibrant interest to the room. Principle No. 2 -- If figured areas are used in a decorative scheme, they should be balanced with compensating areas of plain colors. Figured wall paper on the walls calls for compensating plain areas in the accessories to avoid excitement, f Likewise, figured draperies or figured upholstery can add in terest and charm to a room painted in a plain color. There must be balance in the proportion of figured and plain areas used together. The greatest compati bility is achieved when one or more of the basic colors used in the plain areas are repeated in the figured area. BALANCE AND PROPORTION IN ROOM DECORATION Principle No. 3 -- Color can be used advantage ously to relieve the feeling of bad proportion. The ideal room proportions are in ratio of three, five and seven for height, width and length, respectively. An example would be a room nine feet high, fifteen feet wide and twenty-one feet long. Whenever rooms have to be out of proportion in dimensions, the illu- 0007-PTL-00065 8 COLOR AND THE ARCHITECT Architecture is both a distinctive science and a highly developed art. In imaginative, creative planning, the correct choice and application of color is almost as important as the design and location of a structure. Because color has such a marked effect in creating atmosphere wherever it is used, art and science must be blended to achieve a pleasing, purposeful color scheme. Paint is the foremost medium for color. If offers al most limitless possibility in the creation of distinc tive color ensembles that combine utility with deco rative effect. The high acclaim given to leading American and Canadian architects for outstanding color treatments used in recent structures shows an increasing awareness of the importance of color in building. Pratt & Lambert is proud of the leading role of P & L products and Calibrated Colors in so many of these structures. Since the selection and use of color is very much a part of the science and art of architecture, Pratt & Lambert makes available a vast array of material which helps the architect devise color harmonies with mathematical precision. The Pratt & Lambert Color Calibrator (Figure XV, page 91) is one of these color aids. With the Color Calibrator, the architect is able to devise scientifically controlled color schemes and give full reign to his decorative imagination. In the following pages, the laws of pigmented color relationships for decoration will be discussed and interpreted. The distinctive colors of Pratt & Lam bert products will be used in specific examples. Light reflection values of the full range of P & L archi tectural colors are listed to further aid in obtaining a desired, result with maximum precision. In this edition of the Pratt & Lambert Architectural Specification Manual we have included examples of Calibrated Color Plans. These plans, which in clude typical room surfaces, are presented with vari ations that consider exposure and other factors which may influence color selection. These Cali brated Color combinations are representative of a great variety of color plans available to the archi tect for color selection. Specialized technical as sistance is always available to provide help at any stage of work development. Contact the nearest Pratt & Lambert Architectural Service Department (see page 2) for personal consultation or additional Cali brated Color J*lans. the pigmentary spectrum Figure I shows a pigmentary spectrum made with the 3 primary colors: yellow, blue and red. Secondary colors, developed by mixing equal parts of two primary colors, are green, violet and orange. The color wheel now contains 6 colors (Figure II). Tertiary colors are developed by mixing equal parts of a primary color and an adjacent secondary color. Yellow and green yield yellow-green; green and blue make blue-green; blue and violet produce blue-violet, violet and red develop red-violet; red and orange create red-orange; and orange and yellow comprise yellow-orange. This completes the standard color wheel or spectrum of 12 colors (Figure III). 179] 0007-PTL-000653 can be color styled as a unit in themselves yet cor related to the color schemes of the adjoining rooms. This may be accomplished by painting such spaces either in the same color as adjoining rooms or in neutral grays or off-whites, or in monochromatic tones of the colors in the adjoining rooms, or by accents of the dominant colors in the adjoining rooms. SELECTING A COLOR Principle No. 6 -- Color intensifies with area and with reflection. This is why selecting a suitable background wall color is not as simple as it may seem. Paint colors selected from small color chips or by painting a small area of wall or trim can be deceiving because the degree of intensification is not easy to estimate. The inclination is to select colors that are too bright. A soft blue-gray like Regency Blue, which is a beautiful color for a large living room, might not ap peal because in a sample chart it looks dull. But when this color is applied and allowed to dry on the four walls of the room, a marked reinforcement of the blue cast, due to reflection, becomes apparent. The intensification of color from reflection is greater in a small room than a large room; in a north room than a south room, but is always a factor to consider. The problem of tinting colors on the job is difficult because the same color may dry lighter in some types of paint and darker in others. For example, what may seem to be a perfect color match in a wall paint and an enamel when wet may change to a poor match when dry. The simplest and best answer to this problem is to use wall paints and enamels which have been matched under carefully controlled conditions. Pratt & Lambert products are so controlled. Select colors in comparison with other colors to be used in the complete composition. Colors appear strongest and brightest against their opposite or com plementary colors; weaker and less vivid against neutral gray. LIGHT REFLECTION Light reflection is directly related to values of colors. The higher the value, the greater the re flectance. Among neutrals, white is the highest in value, black is lowest Yellow, among full intensity hues, is highest in value. Violet, its opposite on the spectrum wheel (Figure V), is lowest. The value of any hue may be increased by adding white. Conversely, value may be diminished by add ing black. As a general rule, the following scale of values is best for the indicated area: Ceilings -- Walls -- Floors -- 65 to 85% 35 to 65% 10 to 20% In work rooms, where visual efficiency is important, use higher value colors. Lower values are permis sible where decorative treatment is the primary con sideration and maximum illumination is not essen tial. The luster of a paint is an important factor in light reflection. For eye comfort, as well as appearance, walls and ceilings should be done in an eggshell or flat luster. These lusters diffbse light in all directions. A gloss luster "mirrors" the light and reflects bright spots that can be glaring and annoying. f The following four pages contain a complete list of Pratt & Lambert system of Calibrated Colors . Each color is listed according to its color family and is shown with its light reflection value. This list will serve as an accurate guide for the selection of color for rooms where light is an important consideration. Colors which are within the recommended reflec tance range of American Standard Practice for School Lighting of Classroom Walls have the notation "W" following their reflectance value. 186 j 0007-PTL-000660 chroma Chroma is the degree of color strength or satura tion of a hue. In its purest state, color has maximum chroma, or fullest intensity. When a color is grayed, either with the addition of black and white (gray) or its opposite (complementary) color, the chroma is reduced. The chromatic order of colors is correct only when each opposite pair of colors (see Figure III) can be mixed together in equal parts and produce neutral gray. Theoretically, for example, an equal parts mixture of green and red should produce neutral gray. However, because few pigments are obtainable in absolutely pure color, mixtures of complementary pigment colors seldom do produce pure, neutral gray but instead usually show traces of the strongest color in a mixture. Intermediate or grayed colors, between two opposite colors such as green and red, can be made by add ing varying amounts of one to the other. For ex ample, as in Figure VI, adding red to green or green to red results in progressively graying either the green or the red. Chroma can also be reduced or weakened by adding black and white in varying amounts to a color. By the same principle, if all of the twelve spectrum colors were mixed together in proper proportions, neutral gray would result. Like a wheel with a com mon hub of neutral gray, each of the twelve spokes of color becomes progressively stronger as it ap proaches. full intensity at the rim. Varying degrees of chroma (or grayed color) lie between hub and rim. Two paints may be of the same hue and of the same value, yet seem to be quite different in appearance. For instance, take two greens. One may be a brilliant green (strong in chroma) and the other a subdued green (low in chroma). In decoration, it is generally true that colors strong in chroma are not as pleasing as colors low in chroma. It is hard to live with bright, strong colors, especially if they are used ex tensively. On the other hand, soft grayed-down colors are pleasant. Pratt & Lambert Calibrated Colors are perfectly adjusted. Red, blue, green, yellow and other spectrum colors are designated as chromatic. Black, white and also mixtures of black and white (gray) are achromatic or neutral. White, gray and black, all achromatic, harmonize with all colors. On pages 87 through 90 Pratt & Lambert interior paint and enamel colors are grouped in color families corresponding to the color wheel. 0007-PTL-00065 5 [813 LIGHT REFLECTION VALUES OF COLORS in The Pratt & Lambert System oj Calibrated Color5 Color Family Name Fathom Green .. Fern Green ..... Fountain Green French Green .. Frosty Green .... Georgian Green Glade Green .... Gooseberry ..... Green Chiffon .. Greenfrost ....... Greenleal ....... Harbor'Mist ... Heather Green . Holiday Green . Horizon Green Juniper ............. % Light Reflection 35 16 47 31 74 78 55 W 60 W 64 W 82 37 76 29 57W 60 W 8 Color Family Name Lime Parfait ... Malaga ............. Marsh Green ... Meadow Mist ... Melon Green ... Mint ................. Mistletoe ........ Newport Green Norway Green. Ocean Green ... Opaline Green . Pale Lime........ Palmetto ........ Parrot Green.... Pepperroot ..... GREEN Continued % Light Reflection Color Family Name 67 W 42 54W 80 53W 32 35 66 W 66 W 48 81 82 41 24 38 Pine Tint ........ Placid Green ... Polo Green .... Quartz Green ... Quince ............ Ripple Green .. Riviera Green Sagebrush ....... Seacrest........... Seadrift ......... Sea Isle Green Sea Spray ..... Serene Green Severn Green Silver Pine ..... % Light Reflection . 64 W . 67YV 28 . 21 . SOW .. 37 . 41 .. 43 .. 43 .. 74 .. 59W .. 81 .. 87 .. 82 .. 84 Color Family Name % Light Reflection Southwind................. ... 37 Spearmint ............... .. 61W Spectrum Green .... ... 11 Sprite ....................... ... 55W Surrey Green ........ ... 69W Timberline ........... ... 43 Twig Green .......... ... 35 Valley Green ......... .. 30 Verdant Haze ....... ... 76 Villa Green ............ ... 65W Waterfall Green .... ... 34 Willow Mist ............ ... 75 Winchester Green .. ... 53W Wood Fern ............ ... 32 Aden Blue ...... Adriatic Blue ... Airway Blue.... Algiers Blue .... Alpine Blue .... Aquafoam ...... Aqua Frost .... Artie Mist ...... Aurora Blue.... Azure Blue...... Bikini Blue...... Blue Cloud .... Blue Grass ...... Blue Ice .......... Blue Opal ...... Blue Spruce .... Bristol Blue .... Caribbean Blue Cascade Blue ... Cataract .......... Celestial Blue . Cimarron ........ Colony Blue ... 27 20 29 60W 51W 73 79 88 43 54 W 43 52W 50W 56W 67W 21 49 17 26 68W 60W 38 22 Cornflower ....... Cornwall Blue .... Deepsea .............. Delta .................. Elf Green ......... Everglade ........... Florentine Blue . Foxglove ........... Frost .................. Gaslight ............. Glacier Blue ..... Granada Blue ... Hawaiian Blue ... Hemlock Haze . Horizon Blue .... Huron Blue ...... Iceberg ............. Icicle ................. Indian Turquoise Inland Sea .:...... Jade ................... BLUE-GREEN 48 56 W 35 52W 34 30 7 18 57 W 78 63 W 31 66W 63W 65 W 35 64 W 75 39 71 28 Jade Tint ....... Jasper ............. Largo Blue ..... Lightning Blue Milan Blue..... Ming Green .... Mirage ........... Moonglow ..... Moonlight....... Nickel Blue .... North Sea....... Oasis ............. Oceanspray .... Pawnee Blue .. Pearl Aqua .... Polar Cap....... Prairie Mist .... Quarry ........... Rill Green ..... Rio Blue ......... River Blue .... 76 . 32 .. 58W . 66W 44 ft 76 .. 74 80 .. 69W . 67W .. 72 .. 67W .. 43 .. 77 63W . 81 .. 36 . 73 81 .. 68W Rivulet ........................ 73 Robin's Egg ................ 57 w Savoy Blue.................. 53W Sea Moss .................... 32 Skyline ........................ 77 Spruce Tint ................ 40 Summer Sky .............. 77 Tahiti .......................... 75 Tampico Blue ........... 49 Teal Blue .................... 43 Thistle ........................ 15 Triton Green .............. 8 Turquoise Mist .......... 73 Turquoise Pastel ....... 76 Turquoise Tint............ 52W Twinkle Blue .............. 64W Tyrolean Blue ............ 66W Whirlpool Blue ......... 8 `Winter Morn .............. 64VV Woodbine .................. 55W Yukon Sky .................. 63W Zircon Blue ............. 61W BLUE Alaskan Blue . ........... 44 Alice Blue ........... 40 Baltic Blue .... ........... 58W Biscay Blue ... ........... 35 Bluebell ......... ........... 16 Blue Bird ...... ........... 16 Blue Clay ...... ........... 41 Blue Frost .... ........... 64W Blue Jewel .... ........... 24 Blue Light .... S4 Blue Sea ........ .......... 35 Blue Slate ...... ........... 25 Blue Smoke ... ........... 53W Bluette .......... ........... 48 Blue Wisp...... ........... 81 Burma Blue ... ........... 61W Canyon Mist . ............ 65W Canyon Mist . ........... 65W Cavern Blue ... ........... 35 Ceylon Blue ... ............ 28 Chalk Blue .... ........... 72 Charcoal.............. ...... 14 Columbia ........... ...... 68W Comet Blue ......... ...... 34 Corsair ........ ....... ...... 36 Danish Blue....... ...... 51W Delft Blue ......... ...... 28 Del Monte......... ...... 66W Delphinium ....... ...... 48 Desert Haze....... ...... 67W Devon Blue ....... ...... 22 Diana Blue ....... ...... 55W Dresden .............. ...... 39 Eldorado ........... ...... 65W Fresno Blue ....... ...... 57 W Gentian Blue 27 Grotto Blue ....... ...... 53W Harbor Blue ..... ...... 32 Holland Blue ..... ...... 25 Hudson Blue ..... 36 Jay Blue .............. ...... 31 Lafayette Blue .... ...... 32 Lagoon Blue ... ......... 23 Lupine Blue .... .......... 43 Marlin Blue .... ......... ; 38 Milky Blue..... .......... 45 Monaco .......... .......... 58W Moonstone .... ......... 66W Morning Glory ......... 70W Nanking Blue .. .......... 37 Ozone Blue .... .......... 57 w Pagoda Blue .... .......... 34 Persian Blue .... .......... 15 Pewter ........... .......... 31 Porcelain Blue .......... 48 Pottery Blue .. .......... 61W Priscilla Blue .. .......... 66W Quaker Blue .... Regency Blue .......... 22 Ridge Blue ..... .......... 14 Saxon Blue..... .......... 9 Siam Blue ................ . 12 Silver Blue ................ 48 Sistine Blue .............. . 27 Sky Cloud ................ 79 Smoke Ring .............. . 74 Southern Sky ............ .. 65W Spectrum Blue ......... .. 6 Starlight .................... .. 74 Suffolk Blue .............. .. 34 Summit Blue ............ 39 Tapestry Blue .......... .. 35 Trade Wind .............. 44 Tyrol Blue ................ . 27 69 W Victoria Blue ......... 7 Vivid Blue .............. 24 Wedgwood Blue...... 47 Windsor Blue ........ .. 16 Wisteria ................... .. 35 York Blue ............... .. 25 Zenith Blue ............. 60W NOTE: W = Within reflectance range -- 50% to 70% -- as recommended by American Standard Practice for School Lighting of Classroom Walls. [883 0007-PTL-000662 Applied to a single decorative problem, the follow ing would make a pleasing color plan: Indian Tur quoise (biuc-grccn) walls, ivory (yellow-orange) draperies, wine (red-violet) rug and light brown or beige (red-orange) upholstery. common factor -- yellow. This color grouping is known as a Color Analogy. While a color analogy may include any number of adjoining colors from three to six, three are ideal. Two colors alone would not be adequate to create a color analogy because two colors are not enough for the eye to detect the rhythm Of repetition. More than six colors, in a 12-color spectrum, cannot be used because the seventh color would complement the first. If the walls of a room were Lime Yellow, a color analogy would be complete if the draperies were in tones of yellow-orange and yellow-green. double complement Another four color plan of considerable value in decoration is the Double Complement. It employs two sets of complementary colors (Figure XI), and may be illustrated in the following plan: Wedgwood Blue for the walls and trim, deep shades of red or rose in the rug or carpet, upholstery in an orange tone and draperies in green. It should always be borne in mind that any color used in a color harmony may be repeated in vary ing tints or tones as long as all colors called for are used. Neutral colors (black, white and mixtures of these two -- gray) may also be used in combination with any color or color harmony. MONOCHROMATIC COLOR RELATIONSHIP RULES FOR HARMONIOUS COLOR RELATIONSHIP BY COLOR ANALOGY Favorable color relationship is also established by the use of adjoining colors of the spectrum in a color plan, such as yellow-orange, yellow and yellowgreen (Figure XII). Each of these colors shares a Monochromatic color relationship is variation in chroma and value of a single color or the color range existing between any spectrum hue and neutral gray (Figure XIII). If we consider painted surfaces in dependently of accessories such as draperies, fabrics, rugs, etc., more things can be accomplished with monochromatic color relationship with paint and stains than any other plan oj decoration. As was pointed out when defining the word "hue," a color may vary in value and in chroma and still be the same hue. Such tints, shades and gradations of a color are said to be in monochromatic relation ship to each other because they are all derived from the same spectrum color. They result from the addi tion of white, gray or black, or the addition of the color complement of any spectrum hue. To illustrate: a floor may be a deep, rich brown (P & L Tonetic Wood Stain Walnut); the woodwork, natural walnut (P & L 2 Medium Paste Filler on 183) 0007-PTL-000657 LIGHT REFLECTION VALUES OF COLORS in The Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors Color Family Name *7o Light Refaction Appleseed Red 22 Aurora Pink 45 Autumn Rose ........... 29 Ballerina Pink ........... 55W Ballet Pink .................. 67W Blossom Pink ............. 61W Candytuft .................. 34 Chateau Rose ............ 66 W Cherokee Red ........... 29 Cherub _ ...................... 53 W Colonial Rose ........... 48 Comanche Red ....... 23 Coquette .................... 75 Damask Red ............ 35 Damask Rose ........... 30 Debutante .................. 55 W Dusky Violet ............. 51W Ember Glow .............. 37 Firethorn .................... 34 French Lilac ............. 53 W Frivolous .................... 59 W Fuchsia ...................... 41 Color Family Name RED % Light Refaction Color Family Name % Light Refaction Gaiety ........................ 57W Gloaming ................ 61W Gray Lilac ............... 54W Gypsy Red .................. 27 Hawthorne Pink ....... 53W Hollyhock .................. 54 W Indian Rose .............. 46 Indian Wine ..... ....... 20 Java Tint .................... 58W Lilac Frost .................. 52W Magnolia .................... 30 Marsh Rose .............. 38 Mauve Mist .... ....... 56W Mauvesmoke .... ......... 25 M auvewood ............. 34 M ikado ...................... 33 Monkshood ............... 29 Mulberry Rose ......... 21 Nightshade ................ 31 Nymph Pink ............ 71 Old Lavender ............. 36 Old Wine .................... 27 Orchid Pink ............... 60W Pablo .......................... 57W Pale Violet ............... 67 W Pencilwood ................ 35Peony Pink ................ 70 W Peppermint Pink ....... 63 W Persian Red ............... 19 Petal Pink ................ 62 W Pink Canna ............... 35 Pink Champagne ...... 58W. Pink Foam ................ 82 Pink Frost .................. 58 W Pink Lustre ............... 67 W Pink Mist .................... 75 Pink Morn ................. 79 Pink Pearl .................. 72 Pink Plum ................. 41 Pink Veil .................. 78 Plum Wine ............... 30 Quaker Pink ................ 53W Roma Red ................ 17 Color Family Name % Light Refaction Rose ................... Rose Petal ........ Rouge Tint ..... Royal Lavender Royal Rose ...... 52 W 66W 79 47 39 Salmon ......... Shadow Rose .... Spectrum Red . Storm Cloud .... Strawberry Ice .. Strawflowcr ...... Sunrise Pink .... Sunset .............. 38 37 12 39 47 52 W 49 44 Tangier Rose .... 52W Valencia Pink .. Verbena ........... Violet ................ Violet Haze ..... 35 71 66W 45 Watermelon 27 Wild Orchid 60 W Wild Rose 28 Wind Blossom ........... 42 Abbey Rose ................ 34 Ambrosia .................. 53 W Antique Rose .............. 42 Aster Pink .................. 31 Autumn Haze ........... 34 Baneberry .................. 29 Bark Brown ............. 17 Begonia ...................... 25 Bordeaux Red ............ 41 Burgundy .................. 16 Cabana Red ................ 18 Cameo ........................ 52 W Canyon Red................ 15 Cherry Bark .............. 19 Cherry Froth ............. 31 Cobbler Brown ......... 11 Admiration ...... SOW Anemone .......... ....... 52 W IS Bellflower ........ Bluestone ........ 26 26 Dutch Iris......... ........ 48 Eventide .......... ........ 63W Canton Blue ....... .... 54W Cathedral Blue . 28 RED-VIOLET Cupid Pink ...... 68 W Dawn Tint ........... 67W Desert Rose .......... 63W Dusk Tint ............ ... 81 Eggplant ........... 11 Evenglow .............. 81 Evening Cloud .... ..... 74 Gypsy Rose .......... 33 Heather Rose ........ ..... 44 Illusion ............... ..... 83 Magenta 29 Misty Morn ......... ..... 47 Morocco ................ Musk Rose ......... 15 39 Persian Pink .... 52 W Petunia ...................... 34 Phlox .......................... 22 Pink Ice ...................... 71 Pink Lace .................. 44 Pink Lady ................. 57 W Pink Sherbert ......... 59 W Princess ...................... 78 Raspberry .................. 23 Romance .................... 52 W Rose Blush ................ 76 Rose Glow ................ 40 Rose Pink .................. 68 W Rose Plum .................. 24 Ruby Red.................... 13 Shell Tint ................... 47 VIOLET Grape ................ . .... 13 Heirloom .............. 76 Iris ......................... .... 51W Iris Mist .............. 81 Lavender Tint ..... ..... 77 Mignon .............. .... 53 W Old Lace .............. .... 68 W Lavender Cloud ... 60W Lavender Haze...... .... 64W Pale Amethyst .... 70W Pansy .................. ..... 42 BLUE-VIOLET Lilac ............ ........... 24 M auve ......... ........... 21 Nordic Blue ....... ...... 41 Plum .................. ...... 12 Sky Patch .................... 65W Sweet Briar ............. 39 Tamarix ...................... 40 Tango ........................ 45 Thimbleberry ........... 23 Thistle Tuft .............. 20 Venetian Pink ........... 63W Victorian Pink ........... 48 Vineyard ................. 27 Viola Purple .............. 6 Westport Rose .......... 45 Windflower ................ 45 Wine ......................... 11 Wineberry ............. 62 W Zephyr Pink ................ 76 Periwinkle ............. 53 W September Glory ... 49 Starglow ................ 69W Twilight .................. .... 38 Violetta .................. 56W Winter Iris ............. ... 74 Wood Violet ..... .... 18 NOTE: W = Within reflectance range -- 50% to 70% --as recommended by American Standard Practice for School Lighting of Classroom Walls. 190] 0007-PTL-000664 sion of good balance can be achieved through in telligent application of color. advancing and receding colors Colors from specific areas of the color wheel pro vide the best solution in dealing with problems of room imbalance. Advancing colors are those found on the left half of the color spectrum, particularly colors made with red, red-orange and orange. Re ceding colors are those on the right half of the spec trum circle, with the greatest effect in green, bluegreen and blue. Application of these factors will greatly assist in creating the illusion of balance. Ceiling Line '1 Wall Color Chair Rail --^ ---------1---------- This effect is particularly good if each successive band from bottom to top is progressively narrower and lighter. The ceiling should be painted in the lightest tint. Trim should be the same color as the bottom band. "raising" a ceiling It is more difficult to create the illusion of height with an obviously low ceiling. Vertical lines on walls are of the most help. The use of warm advancing colors on wall surfaces with White, Bone White or a very light green ceiling will also contribute to the feeling of increased height. "pulling in" walls If a room is disproportionally long in relation to its width, advancing colors should be used to restore balance. Apply an advancing color of fairly deep value on the smaller wall surfaces and either a light tint of the same color or a neutral such as Platinum or Puritan Gray on the overly long walls. An ad vancing color on the smaller walls and the comple mentary receding color on the long walls would make maximum correction but violate Principle No. 1. Dado 33" Floor FIG. XIV "lowering" a ceiling It is acknowledged that an excessively high ceiling may be "lowered" by using light colored walls and a dark ceiling. The darker the color used, the great er the illusion of lowering will be. To do this, choose colors of relatively bright chroma and dark value like Windsor Blue, Blue Spruce or Swedish Red. However, an advancing color will accomplish more marked results than a receding color of comparable value and chroma. Horizontal lines on walls will further help to "lower" ceiling height. This may be accomplished with a dado (Figure XIV). For example, in residential work, the trim and dado (including baseboard and chair rail) may be painted in a neutral tint like Bone White or Platinum, and the upper wall in color. In commercial work, the dado normally would be a dark color such as Empire Green and the upper wall a lighter value of green such as Melon Green. An even more dramatic effect would be achieved by using from three to five horizontal bands of color on the walls, each color separated by a lVi" stripe. "pushing out" walls Receding colors, particularly in very light tints, will make a room seem larger. Painting the ceiling, walls and woodwork all the same light color will further increase the illusion of spaciousness. ascending values Principle No. 4 -- Colors should be darker at the base and progressively lighter as they approach the ceiling. The suggestion previously given for using horizontal bands of color, each band progressively lighter in value, illustrates this law of ascending values in decoration. It suggests that floors be of the darkest values, furnishings a little lighter, walls considerably lighter and ceilings lightest of all. ESTABLISHING A THEME COLOR Principle No. 5 -- In developing a color plan for an entire building, establish a theme color that will harmoniously link the color schemes of all units of the building. Visual harmony should be sustained from one area to another. The reception and stair halls of a residence, or the vestibule, lobby and corridors of a public building, 185 J 0007-PTL-000659 LIGHT AND ITS EFFECT ON COLOR The amount and quality of daylight has a direct in fluence upon the appearance of colors. Paradoxical ly, the chroma (intensity) of a color is lowered both by bright sunshine and with subdued light. Colors are truest, least distorted, when seen in a north light on a clear day. Viewed in strong sun light, the same colors will not appear more intense but, quite the opposite, weaker in chroma. A sample panel painted with a grayed color such as Dusty Green provides an excellent illustration. If the panel is shifted back and forth from bright sun light to a normal (north) light, it will quickly dem onstrate how much brighter and stronger the color will appear in normal light. When the intensity of light is reduced below nor mal, as with the approach of darkness, bright colors in a room appear to fade out. This effect is like the gradual addition of black to the colors. As light diminishes steadily, colors seem to grow progressive ly darker. As daylight fades into twilight, another phenomenon occurs. The darker colors of the spectrum seem to grow lighter at the same time that lighter colors seem to be darkening; in other words, the differences in values tend to equalize. Since colors can look well in one quality of light and distorted in another, color selections should be made carefully. It is wise to plan the color scheme for the time of day or night when the space is most exten sively used. The architect should also select or ap prove the colors under lighting conditions that du plicate those of the area during periods of maximum usage. For rooms which will be occupied primarily during daytime, color schemes should be chosen with add ed consideration to exposure. The warmth of south light may be counterbalanced by using cool colors such as Dusty Green, Empire Green, Melon Green, Indian Turquoise, Pottery Blue, Wedgwood Blue, Windsor Blue, Puritan Gray, etc. In northern ex posures, warmer colors such as Sudan Ivory, Cocoa Brown, Rose, Petal Pink, Swedish Red etc., should predominate. The amount of daylight entering a room should be a consideration in color selection. The less natural daylight likely to be present, the brighter and lighter the colors should be. Conversely, the brighter the 192 J room the darker the value and grayer the colors should be to compensate for excessive light. Artificial light affects color in many and various ways. Incandescent light adds yellow to colors. Rose be comes more orange, blue appears as turquoise, while turquoise becomes green, etc. Fluorescent lighting, now extensively used in almost all types of artificial illumination, creates other vari ables in color. Colored lamps have a definite in fluence on painted surfaces. Blue, green, yellow and pink lamps will have the effect of either accenting or subduing painted surfaces. Generally, warm colors are subdued by blue or green lamps and accented by yellow or pink. The cool colors are usually accented by blue or green and subdued by yellow or pink. Because of these factors created by artificial light ing, it is wise to select or approve colors under light ing conditions which duplicate those of the installa tion. Physical reactions to color are influenced by the quality and intensity of light affecting a color as well as the value and chroma of the color itself. Color is an everyday factor in our normal existence. Consequently, a room which is painted all white is monotonous, unnatural and uncomfortable to live with. Such a room can become irritating, tiring and even painful to the eyes due to contraction of the pupils during prolonged exposure. In the past, factory interiors were frequently painted all white on the theory that good vision depended upon only maximum illumination. The advantages of increased light were, however, more than offset by eye strain and resulting fatigue, which produced costly loss of worker efficiency. Similarly, hospitals used to be decorated with noth ing but white to emphasize the appearance of sani tation. Now, a white wall is rarely seen in hospitals. Restful and cheerful colors are now used to make maximum therapeutic use of the physiological and psychological reactions to colors. Color and light in normal relationship eliminate eye strain, reduce fatigue and promote a feeling of well being. It is worth re-emphasizing that color should never be considered independently of light. 0007-PTL-000666 LIGHT REFLECTION VALUES OF COLORS IN THE PRATT & LAMBERT SYSTEM OF CALIBRATED COLORS NEUTRAL Color Family Name frflMion Color Family Nome frfiYcton Color Family Name lUft^ction Color Family Name Agate Gray ............... 75 Artichoke .................... 63 W Bayberry .................... 29 Bone White ............... 78 Boulder Gray ........... 25 Breakwater ............... 47 Brittany Gray ........... 40 Cadet Gray.................. 69 W Cattail Gray............... 50 W Chalk Gray ............... 73 Chapel Gray ............. 49 Chickadee .................. 51W Chiffon Gray ............. 63W Chinchilla .................. 48 Clamshell ................. 68 W Classic Gray ............. 65 W Cobblestone Gray....... 57W Cobweb ...................... 52 W Crane Gray ............... 35 Cut Glass .................... 78 Dew ............................ 77 Document Gray ....... 71 Dove Gray ................. 38 Downy Gray ............. 85 Dusk Tone .................. 36 Fawn Gray................. 36 Feather Gray ............. 59W Flagstone .................... 66 W Flax ............................ 66 W Flint Gray .................. 27 Foam .......................... 69 W French Gray ............. 40 Gossamer .................... 52 W Gray Mist.................... 78 Gray Stone................. 14 Green Slate ............... 34 Haze Green 63W Ice Cap ...................... 72 Lichen Green ............. 53W Mist ............................ 45 Moth Gray ................ 66W Pastel Blue .................. 75 Pearl Tint .................. 82 Pebble ........................ 59 W Penquin Gray ........... 70 W Phantom Gray........... 31 Pigeon Gray ............... 45 Platinum ................ 59 W Prairie Gray ............. 60 W Puritan Gray .............. SOW Pussywillow .............. 65 W Quaker Gray ............. 28 Sand ............................ 47 Scotch Mist .............. 52W Sea Hawk .................. 38 Seed Pearl.................. 86 Shadow Gray ........... 36 Shale Gray ................ 50W Silver Birch ................ 73 Silver Sage .................. 45 Slate Gray .................. 11 Smokestone ................ 40 Snowdrop .................... 81 Spectrum Black ......... 0 Strata Gray ................ 26 Tempest Gray ........... 25 Twilight Gray ........... 46 Vanilla ........................ 77 Water Lily .................. 69W Whitecap Gray........... 78 Woodash Gray........... 63 W Alabaster .................... 88 Angora ........................ 88 Autumn Fern............. 44 Banana ........................ 81 Buttercup Yellow....... 79 Butterfly .................... 83 Candlewick ............... 79 Caprice ........................ 65 W Celery ........................ 86 Chinese Yellow ......... 84 Citrus Yellow ........... 74 Cologne Yellow ....... 86 Crocus ........................ 79 Custard ...................... 75 Daisy Yellow.............. 70W Dandelion.................... 84 Dutch Yellow ........... 78 Forsythia .................... 70 W YELLOW French Vanilla........... 82 Golden Straw ........... 75 Grapefruit .................. 86 Green Banana ........... 52 W Harvest Tint................ 77 Ice Floe ...................... 82 Jonquil Bud ................ 75 Kent ............................ 81 Lemonade .................. 78 Lemon Ice .................. 83 Lemon Lily ................ 80 Lemon Peel ............... 78 Lemon Twist .............. 76 Lemon Whip .............. 88 Lemon Yellow ........... 74 Lettuce Heart ........... 69 W Lillium ........................ 76 Lime Yellow ............. 70W Linen............................ 89 Malta Yellow............. 84 Maytime Yellow ....... 84 Mimosa Yellow ......... 71 Moonbeam ................ 89 Moon Lily .................. 87 Moonmist .................. 78 Morning Mist ............ 65W Pale Star .................... 83 Palm Leaf ......... *....... 41 Panama ...................... 86 Pineapple .................. 85 Pollen ........................ 81 Pond Lily.................... 83 Reed Yellow .............. 84 Sauterne ...................... 82 Seagrass ...................... 55 W Seaweed ..... ................ 46 Silver Cloud .............. 86 Snapdragon ................ 82 Sonora ........................ 73 Spectrum Yellow ....... 73 Spring Yellow ........... 84 Sprout .......................... 82 Sulfur .......................... 63 W Summer Sun .............. 79 Sunburst Yellow ....... 82 Sunlight ...................... 83 Surf Spray .................. 85 Viking Yellow .......... 79 Waxen Yellow ........... 67W Wild Parsley .............. 76 Winter Sun .................. 79 Yellowbird .................. 90 Yellow Moth ............. 73 Yellow Quartz ........... 88 Yellow Tulip .............. 84 Antique Green ......... 35 Biscay Green ............. 29 Canary Green ............ 61W Cardiff .......... ............ 65 W Cathay Green ........... 58 W Chesapeake ................ 60 W Citron ....................... 71 Cornsilk ................... 80 Crag Green ................ 43 YELLOW-GREEN Dusty Green .............. 50W Julep Green ................ 56W Egyptian Green ......... 13 Fairway Green........... 14 Firefly ........................ 81 Forest Tone ................ 33 Frond Green ............. 31 Genoa Green ............. 71 Greenfinch .................. 72 Green Mint ................ 77 Leaf Green ................ 22 Lily Green .................. 73 Lime Green ................ 63W Limestone L................ 74 Mesa Green ................ 45 Mesquite .................... 45 Misty Jade .................. 80 Moss Green ................ 66 W Palm Green ................ 42 Scotch Gray................ 62 W Seafoam ...................... 77 Seamist ...................... 67 W Seasprite .................... 66 W Sherwood Green ....... 17 Stalk Green ................ 53W Tendril ........................ 66 W White Jade .................. 67W Woodleaf Green ....... 59W Adam Green ............. 59 W Aqua Green .............. 40 Aqua Luster .............. 71 Arbor Green .............. 38 Aspen Green ............. 69W GREEN Avocado .................... 13 Bud Green .................. 64W Bali Green .................. 39 Bayou Green .............. 56W Beryl Green ................ 10 Brunswick Green ..... 11 Clipper Green ........... 39 Clover ........................ 26 Cove Green ................ 69W Cranbrook Green ..... 48 Cucumber .................. 64W Dewdrop .................... 74 Dryad Green .............. 28 Emerald Tint .............. 73 Empire Green ........... 26 NOTE: W = Within reflectance range -- 50% to 70% --as recommended by American Standard Practice for School Lighting of Classroom Walls. [87} 0007-PTL-000661 f LIGHT REFLECTION VALUES OF COLORS in The Pratt & Lambert System of Calibrated Colors Color Family Name He/lecot'n Antique Gold............. 46 Aspen ...................... 58 W Bronze ....................... 22 Ceylon Ivory ........... 72 Chamois ................... 69 W Champagne ............... 82 Flame .......................... 26 Ginger Whip ............. 54W Gold Coast ................. 45 Harvest ..................... 56 W Color Family Name fituHL Honeysuckle ............ 79 Indian Ivory ........... 78 Ivory Mist .................. 88 Jasmine Yellow ....... 63W Lamplight .................. 68 W Light Coffee .............. 56W Linden Yellow .......... 50W Maize 60 W Mecca .......................... 78 Meerschaum ............. 75 Color Family Name ***', Midnight Sun.............. 31 Minuet ......................... 79 Naples Cream ........ 75 Nasturtium .................. 37 Nectarine .................... 45 Oyster While .............. 87 Peach .......................... 54 W Popcorn ...................... 82 Porridge ...................... 79 Raffia Tan .................. 41 Color Family Some RSe^Jfl"e*c*?ti*o*n Saffron ..................... 49 Samovar ............ 38 Sandrift 67 W Sombrero ...... 81 Spun Gold ........ 30 Sudan Ivory............... 70W Sugar Cane ................ 57W Taffv ........... . 75 Tawny Gold ............. 43 Tiber Gold .............. 42 Toffee ........................ 15 Alamo Tan ............... 38 Almond Tint ............. 64 W Amberglint ................. 41 Amberwood ............. 66 W Apache Tan ..... .......... 37 Apple Blossom ......... 53 W Araby Tan ................. 61W Azalea ........................ 32 Balsa .......................... 74 Beachrock ................. 31 Beach Tan ................. 40 Beaver Tone ............. 25 Bisquit ........... ............ 86 Bisque Tint ............... 55 W Bombay ..................... 50 W Brierwood ................. 28 Brown Oak ............... 22 Brown Velvet ........... 31 Brushwood ............... 32 Buckskin ................... 58 W Buff Pink ................... 53 W Burma Brown ........... 48 Burnt Coral ............... 44 Burnt Rose ............... 54W Calico ........................ 68 W ORANGE Camellia .................... 38 Cameo Brown ......... 21 Caravan ...................... 57 W Caribou Tan ............ 48 Casa Tan .................... 33 Clove Brown ............. 21 Cocoon ...................... 84 Coco Parfait ............. 74 Cocotone .................... 29 Copper Luster ........... 50 W Copper Tint ................ 59W Coral Mist ............... 47 Cream Beige ............. 80 Creole Tan ............... 46 Curry .......................... 39 Desert Sand ............... 46 Desert Sun ............... 48 Doe Tan .................. 62 W Evening Sun............... 63 W Fawn Tint ................ 66W Feather Beige............ 46 French Beige ............. 63W Froth .......................... 85 Golden Acorn ........... 35 Grand Canyon ......... 63 W Grouse ........................ 42 Harvest Brown ......... 30 Honey Moth ............. 73 Martinique ................ 60W Maya Beige ............... 57W Mayfair Brown ......... 33 Mocha ........ ............... 34 Musketeer .................. 70W New Dawn .................. 70W Nougat ...................... 68 W Orange Blossom ....... 75 Orange Chiffon ......... 84 Paprika ........................ 22 Peachdust .................... 83 Peach Glow ............... 81 Peach Parfait ........... 72 Pecan Gray ................ 68 W Peruvian Tan ............. 26 Pueblo .............. ........ 49 Root Brown ................ 21 Rose Bisque ................ 67 W Rose Tan .................. 61W Rose Taupe 57 W Safari ......................... 58 W Sandalwood .... 36 Sandpiper ......... 49 Sandy Beige................55W Satin Bark 66W Seashell ...................... 53 W Seminole .................... 42 Skylark ...................... 40 Snov. berry ................. 78 Snow Peach 63 W Soapstone ................ 71 Spectrum Orange ..... 19 Suede .......................... 48 Suez ............................ 66 W Sunrose ...................... 70 W Sun Valley .................. 83 Tangarine .................. 44 Tarragon .................... 37 Tripole ........................ 65 W Tumbleweed .............. 58 W Wigwam ................... 54 W Woodtone .................. 28 rYuma Tan .................. 651V RED-ORANGE Adobe .......................... 20 Amazon ...................... 21 Andorra Brown ......... 26 Apache Coral ........... 47 Bittersweet.................... 14 Blush .......................... 70 W Bolero Pink ............... 74 Bon Bon ................... 77 Bramble ..................... 48 Brick Dust ................. 11 Brigand ...................... 40 Caramel ............. 24 Carnation ................. 61W Carnival Red ............. 17 Chalk Pink ................. 56W Cinnabark ................... 8 Cocoa Brown ............. 23 Copper Beige ............. 57W Copper Brown ........... 18 Copperglow .............. 38 Coral Beige ............... 62 W Coral Cloud ............... 42 Coral Sand ............... 45 Coral Tint ................. 70 W Coral Whip ............... 81 Cordovan Tint ........... 39 Corinth Pink ............. 40 Cranberry Whip ....... 58W Dusty Coral ................ 41 Dusty Rose ....'........... 85 Fantasy........................ 65 W Fawn .......................... 27 Flamingo .................... 34 Flesh Tint ................. 79 French Rose ............. 46 Fresno Pink ............... 43 Hempstead Brown ... 29 Hopi Red .................. 40 Indian Pink ............... 33 Kenya Tan ................. 39 Light Apricot ............. 49 Lotus Pink ............... 53 W Mayflower ......... 78 Melon Pink ........... 37 Mexican Pink ........... 77 Nomad ........................ 28 Opera Pink ................ 69 W Pagoda Red ................ 18 Pale Rouge ............... 62 W Pale Shrimp............... 60 W Parchment ................. 48 Pastel Pink ................ 46 Pink Beige ,................. 47 Pink Cloud'.................. 72 Pink Clover ................ 83 Pink Coral ................ 73 Pink Parfait ........ 78 Pixie ................ 85 Plantation Rose ......... 45 Pompeian Red ........... 28 Poppy .......................... 20 Pumpkin .................... 43 Raleigh Red ................ 28 Redrock ...................... 63 W Rosette ...................... 70 W Rose Wine .................. 47 Sahara ........................ 31 Salmon Tint ................ 56 W Shell Coral ................ 66 W Shrimp ........................ 60 W Spectrum Brown ....... 7 Spiceberry ................. 34 Spice Brown...... ......... 11 Sun King .................... 32 Swedish Red .............. 33 Sweet Pea .................... 66W Taupe ........................ 41 Tawnv Copper ........... 37 Tea Rose .................... SOW Terra Cotta ................ 18 Topaz .............. ........... 33 Toreador .................... 34 Tuscan Brown ........... 29 Vanity ........................ 52 W Warm Beige ................ 34 Woodland Brown ..... 25 Yucatan ...................... 42 Zanzibar .................... 25 NOTE: W = Within reflectance range -- 50% to 70% --as recommended by American Standard Practice for School Lighting of Classroom Walls. 0007-PTL-000663 THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF COLOR PSYCHOLOGY Since color by itself can create a specific atmosphere through emotional reaction, this result can be used to great advantage. Simple application of proven color principles will produce the desired reaction. Up to this point, the interpretation of color psycholo gy has been primarily in terms of spectrum colors. In practical application of color psychology con sideration must be given to the fact that the degree of reaction to a given color is also dependent upon the degree of brightness or dullness of the color. The more brilliant the hue, the more stimulating the effect. Care must be exercised, though, because bright colors soon become tiring. In the office, shop or home, where most waking hours are spent, it is desirable to use colors that are stimulating but not emotionally fatiguing. It is equally important that the colors used in these areas be reduced in chroma to a proper degree of grayness. The function of the room should be considered in color selection. Grayed greens and blue are particularly effective in pro moting thought and concentration. A relatively bright, cool yellow is ideally cheerful for areas where there is movement and physical activity. In the home, living room wall colors should be re strained for a restful atmosphere. A more stimu lating color is preferable in the dining room. The same principles apply to office buildings, hotels, hospitals, factories and schools. In kindergartens and low elementary grades where much time is de voted to organized play, wall colors should be bright and gay. In upper grades, however, only light tints should be used on walls. In hospital construction and maintenance, color se lection based upon psychological response offers great possibilities and considerable progress has been made in this field. Subdued colors are most effective in calming highly nervous patients while bright and cheerful colors are excellent for patients who would benefit from mild stimulation during recovery. In product merchandising, much use has been made of color in goods and packaging to attract attention and create a buying impulse. The careful selection of bright and subtle colors for stores can make a major contribution in atmosphere. Recognizing the important role of color in architec tural design Pratt & Lambert has developed Cali brated Colors which are completely correct in value and chroma. Our architectural representatives are thoroughly trained in proper color use. Their services are available to any architect upon request. If desired, this will include the writing of a complete painting specification and one or more distinctive color plans. Address requests to the nearest Pratt & Lambert Architectural Service Department office, (see page 2). , PRATT & LAMBERT CALIBRATED COLORS Correctness of color . . . scientifically determined. That Is a brief explanation of the exclusive Pratt & Lambert system of Calibrated Colors . Over the years, the P & L Research Laboratories have de veloped many hundreds of colors. Each has been tested thoroughly for its performance under vary ing conditions and for color combining possibilities. This has resulted in the wide range of architectural colors, scientifically selected in hue, value and chro ma to assure decorative balance, harmony and good taste. 1941 The principles of Calibrated Colors and their ap plication are so sound that calibration can be adapted to any job ... at any stage of its planning, con struction, finishing or decorating. This applies to a home, factory, school, power plant, hospital, of fice building . . . any architectural project. Cali brated Colors take into account all the visible colors on all types of materials in use for decorating and furnishing interiors. Pratt & Lambert Calibrated Colors are individual, distinctive and modem. 0007-PTL-000668 THE PRATT & LAMBERT COLOR CALIBRATOR For informa tion concern ing the ap plication of the Color Calibrator to specific job or problems, please con tact your nearest Pratt & Lambert Architectural Service Department. (See Page 2) FIG. XV The Pratt & Lambert Color Calibrator (Figure XV) is a precision instrument which follows the 12 color spectrum. It is a color wheel with permanently mounted mechanical pointers which eliminates er rors in color selection. The outer band of colors on the Calibrator is divided into the 12 colors of the spectrum. The next two bands of color, going towards the hub, are tints of the spectrum colors. The bands nearest the hub are grayed tones of the basic 12 colors. The principal function of the high intensity (spectrum) discs outside the rim of the color wheel is the identification of the color family (hue) to which a pastel color, tint or shade may belong. By presetting the pointer hands in the position of a chosen color plan (Direct Complement . . . Split Complement and/or Triad as shown in the illustra tion) the pointers will retain this plan as the unit is rotated. When turned to other positions, the point ers will indicate different color harmonies, with basic colors, tints and tones of proper relationship in the triad plan. The same balance is maintained when other plans such as direct complement or a split complement are chosen. In addition to its use in selecting color plans for a structure, the Color Cali brator can be used to choose color harmonies in floor covering, draperies, furniture fabrics and other furnishings. 191] 0007-PTL-000665 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PIPE LINES Piping systems should be painted in readily identifiable colors in order to classify the contents. Color coding aids safety and simplifies future maintenance and repairs. The following color codes have gained widespread acceptance: COLOR KEY RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE VIOLET BLACK ALUMI NUM TO DESIGNATE Fire Protection Systems and Equipment Dangerous Materials, Nonflammable Dangerous Materials, Flammable Safe Materials PRODUCT TO USE P&L Effecto Enamel Grenadier Red P&L Effecto Enamel International Orange P&L Effecto Enamel Canary Yellow P&L Effecto Enamel Evergreen FOR EXAMPLE Sprinkler systems, foam systems, car bon dioxide (used solely for fire pro tection). Acids, alkalis, toxic materials, gases, oxygen. Fuel oil, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, propane, butane, acetylene, hydrogen, solvent. Drinking water, service water, brine. Protective Materials Valuable Materials P&L Effecto Enamel Postal Blue P&L Effecto Enamel Lilac No. 8500 Electrical Conduit Steam . P&L Effecto Enamel Black P&L Aluminum Paint In addition to these basic color codes, piping systems can be more specifically identified by apply ing stripes of other colors and by lettering the name of the material on the pipe. Lettering shall be done in either black or white -- whichever provides the greater contrast to the background color. Pipes carrying flammable or hazardous materials shall be further identified by arrows showing direc tion of flow; flow arrows are optional on other piping. Air, steam, and high pressure water lines shall be identified with numbers indicating pounds per square inch (PSI) of pressure. Stripes, let tering and flow arrows shall be applied near valves, fittings, and pumps and may be repeated at intervals on long lines. [963 0007-PTL-000670 PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTION OF THE EYE TO COLOR Except for the colorblind, all individuals make in stinctive optical adjustments to color. For example, a discordant combination of bright orange with a bright blue immediately attracts the eye, which in voluntarily tries to restore the colors to their nor mal spectrum order but quickly tires in the effort. Our physiological reactions prove the innate desire for color equilibrium. If focussed for a long time on a bright primary color, the eye tires and needs relief in color contrast. Try the simple experiment of ap plying a spot of red on a white background and concentrating on the spot. Then shift your gaze to the white area. The same shape of the spot will ap pear in an "after image," but in the complementary color, green. Gazing at the color complement will restore optical equilibrium or comfortable vision, as will closing the eyes briefly. This equilibrium or "desire for contrast" is achieved by mixing any two contrasting colors. The intermix will always be gray . . . ideal for comfortable vision in rooms which are occupied for long periods of time. While a completely neutral gray would be satisfac tory, it would lack the warmth of a gray with a rose cast or the pleasing effect of gray with a green or blue cast. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO COLOR The psychology of color cannot yet be defined as a complete, exact science. Yet, while some areas of color psychology are not precisely known, existing data provides an excellent basis for practical ap plication. Certainly it is well established that colors can be used to create emotional reactions that range from complete ease to total irritation. Very often our emotional associations with color are contradictory in vocal comparisons. "Red with rage," "blue moods" and "green with envy" are common expressions. Despite its connotation with anger, red and red-orange is greatly admired in a sunset. Certain tones of blue can prove to be depressing. Yet the dignity and serenity of blue is particularly adaptable to creating a rich, formal atmosphere. Despite its association with cowardice, yellow is the most luminous and cheerful of all colors in its ap proach to the hue of sunshine. Tints of orange and yellow-orange, such as buffs, tans and creams, have long been popular as safe background colors. They are also commonplace. Newer, more original and distinctive tints and tones of P & L Calibrated Colors are available to fulfill the desires for.colors of more character. Rules for using them are known and there is a definite trend away from the selection of buffs, creams and ivories in decoration. f Green, lying between yellow and blue in the spec trum, combines the psychological influences of both these colors. Because of this, it is one of the most restful and pleasing of all colors. Green has not al ways been very popular because interior paints in this color have often been too bright. Now, grayed tints, particularly these near the hub of the color wheel, are ideal greens for backgrounds. These tints, such as Dusty Green, Empire Green, Indian Turquoise, etc., are low in chroma, soothing to the eyes and well suited for use in homes, schools, of fices and other locations. Violets and purples can be depressing. Adequately shaded with black and gray, however, they produce raisin or plum. In a rug, these shades afford a strong, solid base for building an attractive color plan. They may also be used in brighter tones in restricted areas as accent colors and in decorative accessories. Light tints of lavender or orchid should be used with dis cretion on wall areas. 193} 0007-PTL-000667 be thinned to the consistency of heavy cream. It should then be applied in a smooth, even coat and allowed to "set" until the volatile thinner has evapo rated and the surface film of filler changed from liquid to a "mealy" consistency. The filler should then be worked into the pores of the wood by wiping across the grain with a rag. All surplus filler must then be removed by wiping the wood clean, this time with the grain. Popular "open pore" effects are obtained by omitting paste filler prior to staining. Close grain woods do not require filler. Stains Stains are used to change the natural color of woodand permit great variety of effects through thin ning, intermixing or wiping. Tonetic Wood Stain is a remarkable improvement over conventional stains since it does not require shellac as a sealer prior to the application of varnish. It colors the wood evenly and develops hidden beauty without raising the grain. It does not show brush marks or lap marks and has superior resistance to sunlight and heat. If both stain and filler are chosen for open grain wood, the stain should be applied after proper filling. Pratt & Lambert Acid Stains are formulated from water soluble dyes, water or dilute acids or a combi nation of both. They are particularly well suited for use on hard woods where deep or unusual effects are desired. Prior to the application of P & L Acid Stain, wood should be sponged with clear water to raise the grain, allowed to dry and sanded smooth. P & L Filtex is used to subdue and equalize the ab- sorption by the grain in soft woods such as fir, yellow pine and cypress. Filtex also makes it possible to produce beautiful blond effects that would other wise be impossible on these woods. Where wood must be sealed against moisture and dirt with an effective inexpensive treatment, P & L Okene Preservative is used in either natural or col ored with P & L Tonetic Wood Stain. To give the architect the utmost latitude in wood fin ish effects and qualities, Pratt & Lambert provides these specialized varnishes: For standing trim, doors and cabinetwork: "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss, Satin and Dull, Cabinet Rubbing Varnish and Scho lastic Finish. For floors: "61" Floor Varnish Clear Gloss, Satin and Dull and Varmor Clear Finish Gloss and Satin. Pages 101 and 102 provide a reference in selecting finishes in different effects on a variety of popular woods. Shellac It is not necessary to use shellac as a sealer over Tonetic Wood Stain. P & L Tonetic Wood Stain allows for direct application of varnish over stain. This increases the serviceability of the finish substan tially. f Shellac should not be used under varnish on floors or on exterior woodwork. On interior or exterior woodwork, varnish should always be applied direct ly over the filler or stain. Varnish The final operation in building a beautiful, trans parent finish is the application of one or more coats of varnish (or lacquer) to protect the surface and further enhance the beauty of wood grain and figure. The number of coats used will be determined by the effect desired and the durability required. Pratt & Lambert "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss, Satin or Dull finish is recommended for interior trim, paneling and other woodwork. A total of three coats [98] should be used for high quality work. Regardless of what luster is selected for the final coat of varnish. Gloss should be applied as the under coats. When dry, each undercoat should be lightly sanded with a fine grade sandpaper. For open pore effects, either Satin or Dull is preferable for the final coat. These two lusters closely resemble the finish obtained when a gloss varnish is hand rubbed to a satin or dull luster. When a hand rubbed varnish finish is desired, three 0007-PTL-000673 SAFETY COLOR CODE FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CERTAIN EQUIPMENT The American Standards Association, in co-operation with the National Safety Council, has pro mulgated a color code for marking physical hazards and certain types of equipment in industrial plants. The use of color in this connection provides quick identification of danger spots, even by persons who cannot read. COLOR KEY RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE BLACK AND WHITE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF Fire protection equip ment and apparatus. Danger Stop Dangerous parts of moving machinery Physical hazards that might cause stumbling, falling, etc. Safety Caution against move ment or use of equip ment being worked on. Note: Use color on barriers or flags at starting point of power source. Traffic Direction Sanitation PRODUCT TO USE P&L Effecto Enamel Grenadier Red P&L Effecto Enamel International Orange P&L Effecto Enamel, Canary Yellow. Note: For maximum attention, use in com bination with P&L Ef fecto Enamel Black in form of stripes or squares. P&L Effecto Enamel Evergreen P&L Effecto Enamel Postal Blue P&L Effecto Enamel Black, P&L Effecto Enamel White. Note: Use alone or in combination in form of stripes or squares. SOME SUGGESTED APPLICATIONS Fire alarm boxes, fire buckets, exit signs, hose locations, hydrants, extin guishers and sprinkler lines. Danger signs, safety cans. Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines, stop buttons for electrical switches for emergency stopping. Inside of movable guards, exposed edges, pulleys, gears, cutting devices, etc. Construction equipment, platform edges, projections, pillars, posts, mat erial handling equipment, handrails, lips on sliding elevator doors, caution signs. f First aid dispensary or kits, gas masks, stretchers, safety deluge showers, safety bulletin boards. Elevators, scaffolding, electrical con trols, etc. Dead end aisles, direction signs, stair ways. Drinking fountains, location of refuse cans, clear floor areas around first aid, etc. 0007-PTL-000669 [95] Interior Trim Primer After surface preparation, a coat of Pratt & Lam bert Interior Trim Primer is applied. This product is formulated to provide a perfect foundation for sub sequent coats of Vitralite Enamel Undercoating and Vitralite Enamel. After overnight drying, sand with a fine sandpaper to remove "nibs" or dust in the film. Brush or wipe the surface to remove dust. Enamel Undercoating After priming, apply a coat of Pratt & Lambert Vitralite Enamel Undercoating. This product leaves no brush marks or sags, dries hard and smooth to produce an absolutely opaque finish. Flat wall paints are often substituted for enamel undercoating to "cut costs." This is false economy because wall paints are totally unsuiited for use under enamel. Compared with an enamel undercoating, they are coarse and porous. When enamel is applied over wall paint, it strikes in, causing streaks, or high lights and the resulting finish is pebbly and uneven. Enamel After proper undercoating, the surface is ready for the final coat or coats of Pratt & Lambert Vitra lite Enamel. In a four coat specification, the first enamel coat should be Gloss, lightly sanded with a fine sandpaper when dry. Remove all dust and apply a final coat of Vitralite Enamel Gloss or Eggshell. When economy dictates a three coat job, a single coat of Gloss or Eggshell may be used directly over the Enamel Undercoating. Three Determining Factors No matter what the specification -- transparent or opaque finish -- results are predicated on three major factors. To secure a beautiful, durable deco rative effect, it is necessary to combine quality prod ucts with good workmanship and a sound painting specification. When this is done, the resulting finish will be a credit to the architect and contractor as well as a source of long lasting satisfaction to the owner. r [100] 0007-PTL-Q00675 ! i CALIBRATED COLOR PLANS NOTES ON WOOD FINISHING 0007-PTL-000671 COLOR PLANS WOOD FINISHING Selected Wood Finishing Schedules for Popular Effects (continued) WOOD NATURAL* TRADITIONAL FIR OR YELLOW PINE 1 coat Filtex, each gallon reduced with 2 quarts turpentine 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat Filtex, each gallon reduced with 2 quarts turpentine 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain ' Pecan 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull CONTEMPORARY 1 coat Filtex, each gallon reduced with 2 quarts turpentine 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Ash 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull WALNUT 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat P&L Paste Filler #3 Dark 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat P&L Paste Filler #5 White 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin CHERRY 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Nutmeg 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin REDWOOD OR RED CEDAR 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Fruitwood 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Silver Gray 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 co'at "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin ASH 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim' Varnish Dull 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Nutmeg 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Ash 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull MAPLE 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Ash 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Early American Maple 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin NOTE: Decorative trends may influence trim and cabinet work. Walnut and other dark stains may be used effective ly in Contemporary as well as Traditional decor. "Natural" means the retention of the color of the wood as it appears in an unfinished state. Sometimes, paradoxical ly, this requires the use of stain because some woods when coated with clear finishes appear to be different in color than they are when unfinished. 1023 0007-PTL-000677 NOTES ON WOOD FINISHING Transparent Finishes In addition to its utilitarian functions, wood pro vides an ideal medium for esthetically pleasing deco ration. Finely finished wood can be a major deco rative feature or provide a subtle background for other effects. The many fine woods used for interior woodwork provide a wide range of natural colors from almond and citron tints to tawny browns. There are shades of red, yellow, purple, orange, green and gray. Stains, fillers and varnishes enlarge the possibilities of natur al wood tones and allow almost unlimited effects in color and sheen. The grain and figure patterns of fine woods add high lights and shadows. Proper finishing helps to develop and enhance natural wood beauty or, when neces sary, subdue an overly flashy grain. Wood finishes generally fall into three basic cate gories: natural, traditional and contemporary. Ob taining these effects depends upon whether the wood is open or close grained and the choice of main taining, accenting or subduing the grain and figure. Open grain woods such as oak, chestnut, mahog any and walnut require filling in order to produce a smooth varnish finish. P & L Paste Filler is made for this purpose, in Natural, Medium, Dark, Mahogany and White. When open pore effects are desired, filler is not used. Stains and paste fillers are used to obtain a single color or striking two-tone effects. Specify Quality Products In selecting a color and finish for interior wood work, trim and paneling, the architect has a wide choice in woods, effects and finishes. No matter what his specification, the results will depend upon the use of high quality fillers, stains and varnishes, ap plied according to directions by skilled mechanics. Cheap fillers, stains and varnishes frequently obscure the grain and figure of wood, thus defeating the very purpose for their use. Carefully made Pratt & Lam bert wood finishing products are formulated to meet the exacting standards of architects, fine cabinet makers and furniture manufacturers. These products develop and enhance the natural beauty of wood and produce an exceptionally fine finish. Sanding Before any finishing material is applied, the wood surface should be as smooth as possible. Mill dressed lumber frequently is unsuitable -- as is -- for the ap plication of fillers, stains and varnish. Almost invar iably it requires some finish sanding after erection in order to eliminate minor defects. While coarse sandpapers cut faster, they leave scratches in wood that finishing materials cannot obliterate. 2/0 garnet paper is recommended for new wood and 6/0 or 7/0 for varnish. Paste Filler The filling of open grain woods is essential to building a beautiful, smooth, transparent finish. Pratt & Lambert Paste Filler is used to fill the pores of open grain woods so that varnish will dry with a smooth finish, "free from pin holes." It can also be used to color wood, either as a stain supplement, or, if stain is not used, to secure color contrasts between wood and pores. To insure that all pores in open grain wood are filled flush with surface, paste filler should always E 97 3 0007-JPTL-000672 COLOR IN BUILDING DESIGN schools and colleges hospitals and institutions residences hotels and motels office buildings commercial and industrial buildings restaurants specialty shops churches Color is important in architecture. It can add beauty, create a proper environment for study, promote a feeling of comfort, restfulness or good cheer; it can emphasize good design features, add many pleasing surface treatments, harmonize with furnishing, pro mote safety and reduce maintenance costs. Color styling is an art. Correct color composition is based upon the selection of the right color families, values and intensities to assure perfect color harmo ny. And, when the color styling has been determined, it is equally important then to choose paints of good quality, for texture and durability as well as color -- paints that have been proved on all types of building projects. It is with this thought in mind that Pratt & Lambert offers you this series of color plans for nine build ing types. All have been carefully and accurately worked out through the Pratt & Lambert system of Calibrated Colors. This system is so practical and so universal in its application that it can be adapted to any architectural project at any stage of its plan ning, finishing or decoration. All of the following color plans have been developed to give you a wide choice of modem, well balanced combinations to assure optimum light reflection de pending upon various exposures. Each plan is de veloped around a "feature area". Such feature areas are the focal points for decoration of the entire build ing, whether it is a school, a hospital or a private residence. Color combinations for all other areas in each building are in harmonious relationship with the feature area and assure color balance and pleasing variety for the different rooms and exposures. The above color plans are only a few of the hundreds of combinations possible with Pratt & Lambert ex clusive Calibrated Colors. Pratt & Lambert wel comes an opportunity to work with architects in the development of additional color plans for any project. Its representatives are trained in the art of color cali bration and are qualified to provide intelligent, prac tical counsel on all surface preparation, color styling, specification writing and wiil recommend the right materials for best protection. 1104 J 0007-PTL-000679 coats of Pratt & Lambert Cabinet Rubbing Varnish may be used over paste filler and/or stain. When dry, each of the first two coats should be sanded lightly with fine sandpaper. The final coat should be rubbed down to the desired luster with fine pumice stone and rubbing oil. Wood Floors Since wood floors represent a sizeable share of the total cost of the building, it is important to select finishes which will assure long life, utility and safety as well as attractive appearance. Consideration must be given, however, to the kind of wear to which the floors will be subjected. Gen erally speaking, floor use factors can be divided into normal use and heavy-duty use. Normal use wood floors are found in residences and apartments, pri vate offices, etc. where traffic conditions are not ex treme. Heavy-duty use wood floors are found in stores, corridors of public buildings, school rooms, auditoriums and gymnasiums, hospitals and similar places where floors are subjected to unusual wear and soil. The Pratt & Lambert floor finishing system consists of a complete line of floor finishing products, together with a complete list of specifications for their prop er application. For hard wood floors receiving normal use, "61" Floor Varnish or Varmor will insure maxi mum beauty and durability. On open grain woods, either can be applied over a coat of P & L Paste Filler. Several coats will be required. Or, wiping can be eliminated by omitting the Paste Filler and apply ing merely one coat of Varmor or "61" Floor Varnish over "61" Penetrating Sealer, followed by a coat of "61" Filler-Sealer. The Paste Filler, of course, is not intended for close grain woods. Maple, birch or beech floors are generally selected for heavy-duty use, although oak is frequently speci fied in some sections of the country. Such floors should be given two coats of P & L "61" Penetrating Sealer, each coat buffed. The resulting finish is re markably resistant to foot traffic, water, dirt, soil, stain, etc. Hard wood floors in gymnasiums, squash courts, badminton courts and similar places should be finished with two coats of P & L "61" Gymnasium Floor Finish over 1 coat of "61" Gymnasium Floor Sealer. If Paste Filler is to be used in place of "61" Pene trating Sealer and "61" Filler-Sealer and the colors in which it is available do not meet the requirements of the job, the desired color of Tonetic Wood Stain may be applied after the Paste Filler and allowed to dry thoroughly before applying subsequent coats of "61" Floor Varnish or Varmor. Exterior Woodwork Subjected to extremes in weather, exterior wood work requires a highly moisture resistant finish. No less than three coats of Pratt & Lambert Varmor Clear Finish, Gloss or Satin or Pratt & Lambert Spar Varnish are recommended for this kind of work. Tonetic Wood Stain may be used first, if desired. Opaque Finishes In building a fine opaque finish, surface prepara tion is as important as it is in building a fine trans parent finish. Surface sanding and knot sealing may be required. The first requisite of a fine opaque finish is a smooth wood surface. The proper grade of sandpaper will vary to some degree according to the wood. Gen erally, 2/0 garnet or 1 /0 flint paper should be used. For an even smoother finish, follow with 5/0 garnet or 3/0 flint paper. After sanding, all wood dust must be removed from the surface before priming. When dry, the primer should be lightly sanded with 5/0 garnet or 3/0 flint paper. This will remove "nibs" and dust that might have settled on the primer while drying. / Knots and sappy spots in wood to be enameled must be sealed with shellac before the prime coat is ap plied. Coat the knot as well as a generous area sur rounding it. Low quality primers, undercoats and enamels will invariably produce unsatisfactory finishes. A cheap, porous primer or enamel undercoating lacks proper adhesion and is a poor foundation upon which to apply enamel. Low quality enamels are hard and brit tle. They chip easily and create poor foundations for repainting. [991 0007-PTL-000674 COLOR IN BUILDING DESIGN HOSPITALS (Continued) Yellow-green and yellow-orange tints in these color combinations can have a powerful psychological ef fect upon the patients and hospital staff. They are bright and pleasing to the eye. The gay colors of the feature areas supply a powerful focal point of decoration for foyers, admission rooms and lounges. EXPOSURE "North South East or West Corridors Feature Area WOODWORK Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch PRINCIPAL COLOR WALL COLORS CONTRASTING COLOR CEILING COLOR Yellow Moth Seagrass Silver Cloud Scotch Mist Sea Hawk Downy Gray Maytime Yellow Seagrass Downy Gray Yellow Moth Seagrass Silver Cloud Coral Sand Elf Green Sun Valley ACCENT COLOR Bali Green Autumn Rose Beach Tan Bali Green Caribbean Blue OFFICES In the office building, color and light can eliminate eye strain, reduce fatigue and step up worker efficiency and production. The function of the office area should have a direct bearing on the color selection. The soft tones of grayed greens, blues and tans promote thought and induce concentration. Bright colors, which soon become tiring, are avoided. North South East or West Corridors Feature Area Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Silver Gray on Maple Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Walnut on Walnut Pecan Gray Aspen Green Canary Green Sandrift Lime Green Safari Sagebrush Indian Turquoise Quaker Pink Palmetto Ivory Mist Downy Gray Ivory Mist Icicle Linen Bali Green Puebto Coral Beige Pepperroot Cologne Yellow More stimulating colors can be used advantageously in some office areas to add a note of welcome and cheer to the visitor and worker alike. These might be corridors, restrooms, reception room or cafeteria. However, even in these areas, the colors chosen should be reduced in chroma for proper balance with the overall color scheme. / North South East or West Corridors Feature Area 1061 Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Silver Gray on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Walnut on Walnut Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Candlewick Horizon Green Limestone Light Coffee Seafoam Sulphur Southwind Malaga Tiber Gold French Gray Linen Chalk Gray Blue Stone Corinth Pink Gray Mist Plantation Rose Ivory Mist Devon Blue Downy Gray Sprite 0007-PTL-000681 SELECTED WOOD FINISHING SCHEDULES FOR POPULAR EFFECTS WOOD RED BIRCH AND WHITE BIRCH NATURAL* 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Driftwood 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin TRADITIONAL 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Fruitwood 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin CONTEMPORARY 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Ash 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin RED OAK AND WHITE OAK 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Dark Oak 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Silver Gray 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Vamish Dull HONDURAS MAHOGANY PHILIPPINE MAHOGANY OR RED LOUAN 1 coat P&L Paste Filler #2 Medium 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat P&L Paste Filler #4 Mahogany 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Fruitwood 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat P&L Paste Filler #5 White 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Vamish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Vamish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Vamish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Vamish Dull KNOTTY PINE 2 coats Okene Preservative, Wiped Dry 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Knotty Pine 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Dull 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Driftwood 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Vamish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Vamish Dull WHITE PINE 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Ash 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Fruitwood ' 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Varnish Satin 1 coat Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut 2 coats "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat "38" Pale Trim Vamish Dull NOTE: Decorative trends may influence trim and cabinet work. Walnut and other dark stains may be used effective ly in Contemporary as well as Traditional decor. "Natural" means the retention of the color of the wood as it appears in an unfinished state. Sometimes, paradoxical ly, this requires the use of stain because some woods when coated with clear finishes appear to be different in color than they are when unfinished. continued on following page non 0007-PTL-000676 COLOR IN BUILDING DESIGN RESIDENCES (Continued) The plane developed here are well-balanced combinations which are decoratively correct. They offer a va riety of decorating ideas for charm and individuality in any residence. Beautiful and distinctive color plans are easy to achieve and cost no more than ordinary painting. EXPOSURE "North South East or West Corridors Feature Area WOODWORK Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Mahogany Tonetic Wood Stain Walnut on Walnut Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Mahogany Platinum PRINCIPAL COLOR WALL COLORS CONTRASTING COLOR CEILING COLOR Java Tint Kenya Tan Whitecap Gray ACCENT COLOR Charcoal New Dawn Apache Coral Flax Elf Green Sagebrush Empire Green Water Lily Pencilwood Sulfur Burma Brown Mesa Green Mocha Vanilla Ivory Mist Biscay Blue Pompeian Red HOTELS AND MOTELS Although a greater variety of color combinations can be adapted to the color styling of these building types, the objective here is to achieve the impression of restfulness and relaxation in room areas only. The color arrangements for feature areas such as lobby, office or reception room are in brighter and bolder colors. A B C D Feature Area Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Birch Light Coffee Thistle Quaker Pink" Caribbean Blue Marsh Green Tuscan Brown Stalk Green Bark Brown Apache Coral Foxglove Vanilla Vanilla 4 Vanilla Vanilla Coral Whip Tiber Gold Caribbean Blue Tuscan Brown Frond Green Elf Green Buffs, tans and creams in the orange and yellow-orange families, long popular in the hotel field, have been replaced by colors of more character such as those selected here in blue, blue-green, brown, coral and gold. All are subdued colors, low in chroma, and are especially suitable for the restful atmosphere of hotel or motel. E F G H Feature Area 1108) Tonetic Wood Stain Nutmeg on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Nutmeg on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Mahogany Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Mahogany Sea Hawk Sulfur Indian Turquoise Sandy Beige Curry Blue Slate Pepperroot Everglade Zanzibar Saxon Blue Downy Gray Downy Gray Oceanspray Sun Valley Flax Pepperroot Blue Slate Peruvian Tan Zanzibar Wine 0007-PTL-000683 Job: W A S H IN i Owner: C ITY < Boom or Area VESTIBULE Floor M-VERDE X OC Z 2 20 O h3> 2< Hto* Un_ ROOM FINISH SCHEDULE job No. 9 5 l . s . Location: 17th St. & JEFFERSON AV Architect: JO H N J. JO N ES Base M-SAME AS FLOOR Walls PP-F CHALK PINK Ceiling S-F BONE WHITE OT-- *#5 O O < #102 ENTRANCE HALL RT-BORDER -ONYX STRIPE -WHITE FIELD -RAVENA-91 % BROWN PP-F CHALK PINK PP-F BONE WHITE 4 i h / OT T- 0007-PTL-000678 #103, 105 AT-SILVER CLASSROOMS BLUE BLACK PP-F INDIAN TURQUOISE PP-F BONE WHITE CORRIDOR RT-SILVER GRAY W-O EFFECT CEM-B-SE ACPP #T 31 OGD UPPERWALL LIME YELLOW BONE WHITE WAINSCOT 7'-4" FAWN GRAY CO UJ CO 3a>: h oc -I < V2 H 2u <h-i * o o3 zh 2 01 m 2 O < 0 H !: < 3 O O <1 o < [103] Q. 3 a H Z 0<. cc H < -aI. a. _i 3 a: < 2 3 2 <z 3 X a <t h< <o* a o o t o t 3 I Z 3aa f COLOR IN BUILDING DESIGN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES The intention of the color concept here is to create an atmosphere of quiet concentration conducive to teach ing and learning. Delicate pastels in the yellow, yellow-green and yellow-orange families are soothing and relaxing and aid education. White or neutral ceilings add the brightness so necessary in the classroom. EXPOSURE North South East or West Corridors Feature Area WOODWORK Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch PRINCIPAL COLOR WALL COLORS CONTRASTING COLOR CEILING COLOR Golden Straw Orange Blossom Linen Artichoke Palmetto Bone White Pineapple Forest Tone Linen Lime Yellow Patmetto Gray Mist Jonquil Bud Palmetto Linen ACCENT COLOR Evening Sun Sandy Beige Sandy Beige Sandy Beige Coral Sand Again, strong vibrant colors give way to soft pastels to promote a feeling of relaxation for student and teach er. Cool blues and greens are offered in various combinations to promote repose. Such feature areas in school buildings might be the foyer or entranceway, lounge, stairwell or main concourse. North South East or West Corridors Feature Area Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Citrus Yellow Raffia Tan Bone White Canary Green Indian Turquoise Blue Light Cornsilk Rose Linen Blossom Pink Tuscan Brown Snowberry Silver Blue Nomad Vanilla Greenleaf Amazon Empire Green Empire Green Bluebell HOSPITALS The aim here is to use colors for their therapeutic benefits to calm the nervous tensions which most patients develop in a hospital. While feature areas are bright and gay, room combinations make generous use of green, the most restful and pleasing of all colors. North South East or West Corridors Feature Area Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Fruitwood on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Waxen Yellow Green Banana Moonmist Copperglow Cucumber Sagebrush Downy Gray Cascade Blue Mimosa Yellow Canary Green Downy Gray Forest Tone Waxen Yellow Green Banana Moonmist Copperglow Buff Pink Raleigh Red Flax Granada Blue 0007-PTL-000680 1105 j f COLOR IN BUILDING DESIGN COMMERCIAL AND/OR INDUSTRIAL The color combinations here make generous use of light pastels in various color families to promote pleasing and comfortable effects on factory or industrial plant workers. Replacing the stark, monotonous white used for so long to aid illumination of factory buildings, color and light in proper relationship have superior advantages in reducing eye strain and improving productivity. EXPOSURE North South East or West Corridors Feature Area WAINSCOT Sagebrush Coral Sand Light Coffee Mesa Green PRINCIPAL COLOR Citron WALL COLORS CONTRASTING COLOR CEILING COLOR Gray Mist Sandrift Sun Valley Sudan Ivory Bluestone Ivory Mist Sulfur Vanilla Chalk Pink Topaz Bone White TRIM Copperglow Sagebrush Raffia Tan Biscay Blue Bark Brown RESTAURANTS AND CLUBS While color planning for the home, office, hospital or school should be restrained to promote repose or con centration, more stimulating colors can be used in the restaurant or club. The color concept here offers a fine choice of plans, all in perfect harmony, which are designed to promote cheerfulness and a pleasant dining atmosphere. EXPOSURE North South East or West Corridors Feature Area WOODWORK Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Walnut on Walnut Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Slate Gray Antique Gold PRINCIPAL COLOR WALL COLORS CONTRASTING COLOR CEILING COLOR Frond Green Sulfur * Pale Star Feather Gray Coral Sand Quarry Sombrero Bikini Blue Cimarron Dusty Coral Slate Gray Feather Gray f Clamshell Spectrum Black Bone White ACCENT COLOR Burgundy Carmel Cimarron Dusty Coral Slate Gray RESIDENCES Properly used in the home, color creates an atmosphere for harmonious living. Combinations can be as numerous and varied as those who live there. Color is a matter of personal taste. It can be used to carry out the best features of the architecture or express individual preference and personality. North South East or West Corridors Feature Area Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Pecan on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Mahogany Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Driftwood on Oak Candlewick Green Banana Linen Blossom Pink Stalk Green Linen Delta Quaker Gray Bone White Platinum Fawn Platinum Adam Green Indian Turquoise Bone White Pepperroot Forest Tone Platinum Indian Wine Magnolia 0007-PTL-000682 1107] PREPARING PLASTER WALLS AND CEILINGS BEFORE PRIMING New walls and ceilings often require special atten tion before priming. Preparatory work may include patching and spot priming. patching Cracks and holes in plaster walls require skillful patching to insure a smooth, professional, painted finish. Hairline cracks: When cracks are very fine and shal low, normal painting will conceal them. Map cracks: Deep cracks must be cut out and patched before primer and paint are applied. The correct preparation of a deep crack or hole in cludes cutting away loose or bulging plaster from the edges and then undercutting it so that a cross-section of the opening looks like an inverted "V." If the bot tom of the crack or hole is wider than the top, patch ing material will be keyed to the surface and will not fall out. After undercutting, dust out the open ing, then soak the sides and bottom with water. A pressure spraying device is the most effective way of wetting the opening. Unless the edges are wet with water before patching, the dry plaster will absorb ex cessive water from the patch and it will ultimately crumble. Patching materials are abundant but vary consider ably in composition. Any well known brand of patch ing plaster is recommended in preference to selfmixed spackle. Oil base spot putties are not recom mended because of slow drying and the tendency to shrink. spot priming After the patch dries (15 hours should be allowed for drying), sand it smooth, then dust. Patches in variably absorb more paint than the surrounding area, especially if the wall has been previously paint ed. Patched areas, therefore, have to be spot primed before they are painted. When a patched wall is to receive a two-coat repaint job, spot prime the patch, then apply primer over the entire wall and finish with the appropriate top coat. new plaster Should always be dry before it is primed and painted. Dry plaster contains less than 15% water, but there is no simple, reliable test for determining moisture content. If plaster must be primed and painted before it is thoroughly dry, Vapex Wall Primer offers a greater margin of safety than other primers. Efflorescence and suction spots may require special attention when priming new plaster. Joint cement requires special care when priming new drywall construction. Efflorescence may occur on new interior plaster ap plied to masonry. It results when moisture in new masonry carries water soluble salts from the masonry to the surface of the plaster. Priming and painting obviously cannot correct the problem because ef florescence will continue as long as the masonry is damp. Efflorescence does not harm plaster but it may cause paint to blister, peel or stain. Efflorescence is best prevented by furring the wall prior to plaster ing. Suction spots are areas in plaster walls that soak up the primer to a greater extent than the surrounding surface. Such spots, which can be detected by a dif ference in the luster of the dried primer, may also cause a variance in the luster of the finish coat. Suc tion spots should be given a second coat of primer before the finish coat is applied. PREPARING GYPSUM WALLBOARD BEFORE PRIMING The joint cement used to conceal the seams of adjoining pieces of wallboard can often present problems in priming and painting of "drywall" construet;on Variations in porosity between joint cement and gypsum wallboard may cause the finish coat of paint to dry with a slightly different gloss over the cemented area. There may also be color variations, , . ,,, It is recommended that all joints and cement-filled nail "dimples" be spot primed and allowed to dry thoroughly prior to the application of primer on the entire area. PREPARING METAL SURFACES BEFORE PRIMING * All metal surfaces must be clean and free of rust. mill scale, grease, oil, dirt and other foreign matter. 1112] If this is not observed, drying, adhesion and serviceability of any coating will be affected adversely. 0007-PTL-000687 COLOR IN BUILDING DESIGN SPECIALTY SHOPS Bright and subtle colors are used here effectively to attract attention to merchandise and to induce buying. There are sharp contrasts in the feature area -- black, white, green, orange. Pleasing harmony has been achieved in all other color combinations. Such use of color is sound merchandising practice. EXPOSURE North South East or West Corridors Feature Area WOODWORK Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch PRINCIPAL COLOR WALL COLORS CONTRASTING COLOR CEILING COLOR Holiday Green Pale Lime Wood Violet Nightshade Bone White .-* Pale Lime Gossamer Mikado Silver Cloud Seagrass Everglade Seagrass Autumn Fern Spectrum Black Sun Valley ACCENT COLOR Marsh Rose Corinth Pink Slate Gray Wine Copper Tint CHURCHES An atmosphere of quiet concentration and religious dignity has been created in these color plans for churches. Generous use of grayed greens and blues promotes thought and a feeling of peace and well-being. The rich, warm tones of woodwork are enhanced by the selection of stains which add richness and complement the wall and ceiling colors. North South East or West Corridors Feature Area Tonetic Wood Stain Butternut on Oak Tonetic Wood Stain Rich Mahogany on Mahogany Tonetic Wood Stain Dark Oak on Oak Tonetic Wood Stain Ash on Birch Tonetic Wood'Stain Silver Gray on Birch Green Slate York Blue Copper Brown * Nocturne Pecan Gray Foam Avocado Beach Tan Peachdust Adam Green Indian Turquoise White Jade Silver Blue Devon Blue Bone White Copper Tint Platinum Snow Peach Mauvewood Suede 0007-PTL-000684 [109] In addition to problems offered by the type of brick used on a job, the age and moisture content of the substrate is a big factor. Newly laid brick should be allowed to "age" before painting is attempted. At least six months is desirable, although a shorter per iod of time may be adequate during a protracted dry spell. Aging allows active alkali to leach out of the mortar and it permits moisture to escape. The priming coat should be applied only after a week of clear, dry weather. Brick-structures, like concrete, frequently develop ef florescence. The build-up of efflorescence will eventu ally cease as weathering progresses and rain washes some of it away. Naturally, it is unsound to apply paint over any water soluble material and therefore efflorescence should be removed before painting. The Brick Manufacturers' Association of America recom mends the following treatment for efflorescence: " -- thoroughly brush while dry to remove all ef florescence possible in this manner. Wash with clean water and then wash with a 10% solution of muriatic acid, after which the wall should again be washed with clean water. An even better meth od of cleaning is to use a steam and water jet without the acid treatment." After thorough drying, the surface may be painted. PREPARING NEW WOOD SIDING BEFORE PRIMING new construction The back priming of siding and lumber used in new construction is of utmost importance in prevent ing paint failures in the future. The easiest and cheapest way to back prime siding or other lumber is to lay it out on saw horses and paint the back and the edges. After the primer has dried, the siding can be cut to length. The ends of the cut siding should then be primed just before the siding is nailed to the building. The best back primer is the one that is the most effective moisture barrier. P & L Aluminum Paint is an excellent moisture barrier. It is best to pre-prime the back, edges and ends of siding with P & L Alum inum Paint before erection and face prime with P & L House Paint Exterior Primer after erection. PAINTING ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS The paintability of acoustical materials varies widely and depends upon the surface appearance and structure of the material. Acoustical products are made from a great variety of substances such as wood or cellulose fiber, hair felt, asbestos, glass fiber and mineral wool, all extremely porous. Some types can be painted without impairing the sound absorb ing capacity but others must be painted sparingly and with special paints. Some cannot be painted without losing much or all of their acoustical efficiency. Perforated boards and tile can be painted safely an unlimited number of times, so long as the paint does not reduce the size of the holes in the board or tile. Fissured or textured materials have poorer painting characteristics. The pores in close textured acoustical materials may be filled or bridged by paint, thus reducing the sound absorbing characteristics. Spray painting is preferred for coating all non-perforated acoustical materials. Fiberglass materials may be spray painted as many as eight times with Solidex without harming the acoustical properties. Flat paint is preferred to eggshell or gloss enamel for painting acoustical surfaces because: (1) it is more porous and therefore has better acoustical effi ciency; (2) it has low binder content, consequently the least tendency to bridge holes and fissures. For a complete discussion Of this problem with specific product recommendations, see page 121. PAINTING WOOD PARTICLE BOARD Wood particle board is now widely used. It is made from non-fiberized dry wood particles mixed with a resin adhesive, processed and cured with heat under pressure. It has physical properties similar to lumber. 11143 Smooth surfaced wood particle board can be painted, stained, shellacked, varnished or waxed. The appli cation of finishing material will depend only upon the board's intended use. 0007-PTL-000689 * PROBLEMS AND ANSWERS i >z s 0007-PTL-000685 i PROBLEMS AND bleeding is caused by the extraction of soluble colored sub stances from wood or previous coating during the application of fresh paint. The discoloration usually appears at once; all other types of discoloration develop after the paint has dried or weathered. Sap py wood, asphalt (from roofing work or the erosion of paints containing asphaltum) and prior paint coats containing organic colors (para reds of toluidine toner) are the most common causes. Stains from'these causes cannot be removed but they can be covered up by repainting -- if the bleeding is properly sealed. On wood, all knots, sappy spots, asphaltum and other bleeding stains can be properly sealed with P&L WP-578 Sealer except where P&L "6-r-l" House Paint is to be used. Scrape off old. stained paint be fore applying P&L WP-578 Sealer. Coat the knot or bleeding spot and a generous area surrounding it. Apply two coats over large or particularly resinous knots. This sealer is also recommended to seal knots and sappy spots on unpainted wood siding prior to the application of P&L House Paint Exterior Primer. In all applications of P & L WP-578, seal first, then prime. Aluminum paint can frequently be used to seal large areas. P&L Aluminum paint should be fortified with \ Vz pounds of aluminum paste per gallon, plus thinner to adjust the viscosity, for maximum sealing of surfaces against bleeding. 11163 4 f / 0007-PTL-000691 PROBLEMS AND ANSWERS A Discussion Of Painting Problems With Suggestions On How To Solve Or Avoid Them. REDUCTION OF FINISHING MATERIALS Improper thinning is one of the most widespread abuses of painting and almost invariably produces inferior or unsatisfactory results. Painting materials are delicately balanced formulations which produce correct hiding, leveling, drying, luster, color reten tion and durability. Unauthorized excessive or in correct thinning upsets the balance of a formula and most often causes a shoddy paint job. Explicit directions for the use of a material are printed on the label of each can of Pratt & Lambert paint, varnish, enamel and other products. If a prod uct is designed to be reduced by the user, the exact amount of the particular thinner to be used is definite ly specified. If no reduction is specified, the product should be used exactly as it comes from the can. STIRRING OF PIGMENTED PRODUCTS Insufficient stirring, both before and during appli cation, often causes unsatisfactory results. Pigment particles are heavier than the vehicle in which they are suspended. In storage and in use, pigments have a tendency to settle and reduce the normal pigment- vehicle balance. Unless the coating is thoroughly mixed prior to application and frequently during use, the paint will not hide properly and the finish color will be off shade. TEMPERATURE AND ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS Varnishes, enamels and interior paints are tem perature sensitive. When subjected to low tempera tures, they become thicker in body and will not flow out evenly under the brush. This same uneven flow results when the coating is the correct temperature but the surface is cold. Conversely, extreme heat causes finishing materials to become thinner in body, reduces film thickness and makes runs and sags difficult to prevent. The ideal temperature for applying varnish and enamel is 70F. This applies to room temperature, material temperature and the temperature of the surfaces to be coated. Exterior paints are not as temperature sensitive as interior coatings but there are practical working lim its. Outside paipts should never be applied at temper atures below 50 F. Ventilation is necessary to fasten the drying process but it must be carefully controlled when applying interior finishes. It is most important that no draft blow against a freshly painted surface. This will cause uneven drying, produce streaks or silking in varnish and create dull spots in paint. Results may be equally unsatisfactory when finishing materials are applied during extremely humid or rainy weather. Moisture saturated atmosphere, par ticularly during temperature extremes, can prevent proper drying in almost all coatings. PAINTING RADIATORS, CONVECTORS AND GRILLES Modern decoration requires that heating units and enclosures be paintable in order to harmonize with room decor. Because of this it is important that these surfaces be properly coated to avoid finish cracking or blistering and a marked change of color due to excessive heat. New heating units, convectors and grilles should be primed with a thin coat of P & L Interior Trim Prim er. When this coat is dry, preferably with the aid of a little radiator heat, it should be followed with a thin coat of Vitralite Enamel Eggshell or Lyt-all Flowing Flat. The thinnest possible coat should be applied in order to minimize the possibility of blistering and flaking. Under no circumstances should the heat be turned on full until the finish has thoroughly hard ened. 0007-PTL-000686 [ill] AGGREGATE BLOCK discussion of problem Cinder, concrete, and other aggregate block are in widespread use for exterior and interior walls and interior partitions of many structures. The selection of painting materials will be dictated by the amount of surface protection needed, the degree of filling of pores and voids wanted, either for retention of acoustical properties or for cleanliness and sanita tion. For absolute protection against infiltration of moisture, exterior walls should be waterproofed. If wall construction permits, the waterproofing should be in the interwall space, applied to the interior surface of the exterior course of blocks. Waterproof ing of the mastic type applied to the exterior surface of the blocks may bleed through paint applied on top and will interfere with paint adherence. Exterior waterproofing with substances containing wax or silicones may prevent paint adherence. For masonry block units of average density and under norma! con ditions of exterior exposure, the application of two coats oiP&L Vapex Masonry Paint or P & L Alkatite Cement & Stucco Paint will give adequate pro tection. For the more porous types of masonry block and when more complete filling of pores and voids is necessary or preferred, use P & L Primafil as the first coat. Finish with two coats of P & L Vapex Masonry Paint or P & L Alkatite Cement & Stucco Paint. On interior surfaces many pleasing, decorative and serviceable effects are available to the architect with Pratt & Lambert finishes. The selection of painting schedules will depend upon the use to which the sur face is to be subjected and whether or not the sub strate is to be filled. To retain the natural texture of a well laid-up block wall and maximum acoustical properties inherent in aggregate block, and still pro vide beauty, washability and serviceability, several FINISHING SCHEDULES UNFILLED SURFACES EXTERIOR FILLED SURFACES PAINT -- LATEX FINISH See Specification 1 PAINT -- SOLVENT THINNED See Specification 2 PAINT -- LATEX FINISH See Specification 3 PAINT -- SOLVENT THINNED See Specification 4 WALL COATING UNFILLED SURFACES ALKYD-FLAT FINISH See Specification 42 LATEX-FLAT FINISH See Specification 44 ' ALKYD-STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH See Specification 48 ALKYD-STIPPLED FLAT FINISH See Specification 50 INTERIOR ALKYD-FLAT FINISH See Specification 54 LATEX-FLAT FINISH See Specification 55 WALL COATING FILLED SURFACES ALKYD-STIPPLED EGGSHELL FINISH See Specification 57 ALKYD-STIPPLED FLAT FINISH See Specification 58 ENAMEL-GLOSS OR EGGSHELL See Specification 59 GLAZE FINISH-HEAVY DUTY-VITRA-TILE See Specification 102 1118 J 0007-PTL-000693 iron and steel Methods for removing surface contaminants in clude : Mechanical abrasion: the removal of surface contam inant by wearing it away with steelwool, sandpaper, wire brush, scraper, power sander, power brush, sandblaster or shotblaster. Solvent cleaning: cleaning the metal surface with rags soaked with mineral spirits, turpentine or other solvents, or dipping the metal in the solvent. Alkaline cleaning: the dipping of metal in hot, dilute water solutions of caustic substances, together with the detergents and wetting agents. The clean metal surface must be rinsed with clear water after removal from the caustic solution. Pickling: the dipping of metal in hot, dilute solutions of acids such as sulfuric or hydrochloric. After pick ling, acid and iron salts must be removed promptly to prevent "flash" rusting. Flame cleaning: the passing of a flame from an oxyacetylene or oxypropane torch over the contaminated surface at the rate of about two linear feet per min ute. Flame cleaning is usually followed by some form of mechanical abrasion to remove loose scale and powdered rust. aluminum Requires less preparation than other types of metal since it does not develop mill scale, rust or cor rosion. The oxide film that forms on aluminum is a good base for primers and paints as long as it is free from dirt and grease. The only contaminants that must be removed are accumulated dirt and the oil present on sheet aluminum as it comes from the roll ing mill. This can be done by phosphate treatment, by solvent cleaning with mineral spirits, or by allow ing the aluminum to weather for at least a month and after weathering, removing surface dirt with a stiff brush. galvanized steel Should be chemically treated before the applica tion of primers and paints. Best results can be ob tained with proprietary acid bound resinous or crys talline zinc phosphate treatments, used exactly as specified by the manufacturer. Before using either treatment, remove oil and surface soil from the metal with P & L Duosol or mineral spirits. Weathering, for at least six months, also re moves oil but may leave undesirable oxidation prod ucts on the metal. The above treatments require the following procedures: a. Acid Bound Resinous Type: (1) Scrub metal lightly with fine steel wool. (2) Apply treatment and allow to dry for ap proximately one-half hour. (3) Apply prime coat. To insure optimum ad hesion, primer must be applied within eight hours after treatment is dry. b. Crystalline Zinc Phosphate Type: (1) Scrub metal lightly with fine steel wool. (2) Apply treatment and allow a few minutes for chemical reaction. (3) Wash surface with clean water to remove residual unreacted salts. (4) Allow to dry -- then apply prime coat at once. Note: Timing is important in Steps 3 and 4 of crys talline zinc phosphate treatment. If residual salts are not washed off at once, they become progressively less soluble. If left on surface of metal they adversely affect primer adhesion. Also, the treated metal should be primed promptly, for if dirt and soil are allowed to lodge in the etched surface, adhesion of the primer will be affected. PREPARING NEW MASONRY SURFACES BEFORE PRIMING concrete Unpainted concrete surfaces must be properly pre pared in order to prevent poor adhesion of primers. The most common source of trouble is efflorescence. Efflorescence is a white deposit which frequently ap pears on masonry surfaces. These deposits are sol uble salts present in almost all masonry, which have been leached out of the concrete by moisture. Prim ers will not adhere properly over efflorescence. Efflorescence can be removed by washing concrete with a 10% solution of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid. Follow the acid wash with a clear water rinse. CAUTION: Hydrochloric acid will burn the skin and corrode metal. Use with extreme care. exterior brick masonry Within recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to use paint on newly constructed brick buildings. Not all brick is equally paintable. In gen eral, soft or common clay brick offers the best paintability. As the brick increases in density and smooth ness, painting problems increase in direct proportion. Continued on following page 0007-PTL-000688 1113] PRECAST CONCRETE SLABS discussion of problem The finishing of precast concrete slabs, frequently used as exposed ceilings, and at times for walls in various types of buildings, presents a problem. The joints are grouted between successive slabs and the grout flowing through the joint is carried on either side of the joint to the faces of the slab, where the grout dries and a certain amount remains. If it is not removed, it will produce an unsightly and an ir regular, effect and will affect the adherence of paint. This deposit must be removed by scraping, wirebrushing, or machine grinding before proceeding with painting. Grout should be allowed to dry for at least 90 days before painting. The producers of precast slabs use various types of coating on the faces of the forms to enable easy strip ping without injury to the face of the slab. If the coatings are waxes, grease or non-drying oils which are readily absorbed by the concrete slab in curing, the deposits will affect the drying and adherence of paint products. Coatings for forms should be materials that will be dry and hard before the aggregate is deposited in the forms. CEILINGS WALLS FINISHING SCHEDULES See Specifications 45, 53,54, 58 See Specifications 42,44, 48, 50, 52 AREAS REQUIRING MAXIMUM SANITATION OR SUBJECTED TO SEVERE USAGE discussion of problem In areas subjected to severe usage or where maximum sanitation is essential, a very hard, non-porous finish, resistant to abuse, chemicals, solvents and cleaner, is required. Such a finish is the P & L Vitra-Tile Sys tem. The Vitra-Tile System is an extremely durable and beautiful wall covering that produces a "self-baking," very hard, non-porous finish. Its ruggedness, beauty and easy maintenance make it suitable for these areas. It affords tile-like beauty and protection on interior walls. It is used most advantageously on ag gregate block, but also is applicable to interior sur faces of asbestos-cement, plaster, concrete, gypsum board, hardboard, rigid metal and wood ... at a fraction of the cost of ceramic tile. The Vitra-Tile System offers another definite advantage over ceram ic tile, in that the finish in addition to being on the aggregate block, is also on the mortar joint. The mortar joint, in a tile job, is the ara on which germs, dirt, dust, soil, grime, mold and mildew ac cumulate, and it is a nearly impossible job to remove these substances from the joints. In the case of the Vitra-Tile System, it is very simple to wash the entire continuous surface. Varied and multi-color decorative effects are achieved with appropriate Vitra-Tile Spatter or Veil ing mixtures. The installation of th6 Vitra-Tile System provides a protective film of 20 to 25 mils thickness. The Vitra-Tile System may be installed by the paint ing contractor. 1120] FINISHING SCHEDULES See Specifications 102, 103,104, 105 0007-PTL-000695 STAINING AND DISCOLORATION OF EXTERIOR PAINTS Exterior paints on,wood, masonry and other surfaces may be stained or discolored by the oxidation of metal, corrosive fumes, mildew or by bleeding of soluble colored substances from the wood or pre vious coatings. metal staining is caused by screening, gutters, downspouts, hard ware, house numbers, lighting fixtures, exposed nail heads and other items of commonly used iron or copper. Both of these metals form water soluble metallic salts as they weather and stains develop as these salts are rain-carried over the painted surfaces. Copper causes greenish-brown or black stains. Iron stains have the characteristic color of rust. These stains are usually confined to areas directly below or adjacent to the exposed metal ware. Metal stains are not superficial but are formed within the paint film itself. Metal staining is best prevented by careful selection of hardware, fixtures and other items made of noncorrosive material or by using aluminum, zinc or cadmium coated hardware and nails. Where metal staining does develop and it is desired to remove the stains, the following procedure is suggested: Copper Stuins--First, wet surface with clear wa ter, then sponge with a solution made by dissolv ing 1 Vi to 2Vz oz. sodium metasilicate in a gal lon of water. Rub lightly with sponge until stain disappears. Wash again with clear water. Rust stains--Follow same procedure as above, but use a solution of 2% oxalic acid in water or 5% phosphoric acid in water. Staining may also be prevented by painting exposed metal with Eflfecto Enamel Clear or a suitable ex terior paint. gas discoloration is caused by the action of sulfur gases upon lead com pounds (white lead, chrome green, chrome yellow, etc.) in certain paints. These gases are common around chemical plants and oil refineries. They are also produced by the burning of soft coal, decompo sition of sewage or by river and harbor pollution. Unlike metal staining, gas discoloration is a surface condition. If the staining is caused by temporary contamination of the atmosphere, it will disappear as the paint film chalks. Where fume conditions are ab normal, use P & L House Paint Mildew & Fume Resistant White. Existing discoloration can be reduced or removed by sponging the painted surface with hydrogen peroxide or a diluted solution of acetic acid, followed by a clear water rinse. mildew or mold is a minute plant organism of a parasitic nature which grows on surfaces supplying food (or ganic material such as wood, certain paints, textiles, paper). Warm, dark and moist conditions are favor able for growth but the occurrence of mildew is wide spread. Mildew is often confused with other stains such as gas discoloration, dirt or rust. It is usually recog nizable by the following characteristics: 7, Mildew has a blotchy appearance. The discol oration is not uniform. 2. It is frequently powdery and almost always present as a surface condition. 3. It occurs in localities and situations where at mospheric humidity has been persistently high or where the underlying surface has been damp. 4. Mildew bleaches out if it is touched with a few drops of household bleach. Dirt and gas discoloration are unaffected. * Complete sterilization of the surface is needed before painting. Bare or painted wood should be scrubbed with the following solutions: Trisodium phosphate (TSP)--2/3 cup Household bleach--1 quart Powdered detergent--1/3 cup Add warm water to make 1 gallon Rinse thoroughly and allow to dry. Be sure no water is left in crevices. Paint promptly to avoid reinfection. CAUTION: Wear rubber gloves, goggles and old clothing when using this solution. Protect shrubbery where outdoor work is being done. 0007-PTL-000690 [ 115] abrading. To a moderate degree these differences are decreased by embossing. When the greatest contrasts in color tone are de sired, apply P &L Tonetic Wood Stain directly to the wood. This will accentuate the grain pattern. For most purposes, this treatment is undesirable in that the resulting effect will appear flashy or gaudy. To equalize absorption and make possible more uni form color distribution, apply a transparent sealer di rectly to the wood. P & L Filtex excels for this pur pose. Apply desired color or colors as well as final finish over Filtex. highlighting Highlighting of ridges or embossed pattern is best achieved by first sealing the surface with Filtex and then applying P & L Lyt-all Flowing Flat (thinned slightly with P&L Exode Reducer) and wiping off excess from the ridges with a rubber squeegee before the paint has "set." two-tone effect To achieve a two-tone stain and filler effect, apply a mixture of P & L Filtex and P & L Tonetic Wood Stain as the first coat. Next apply a coat of P & L Paste Filler of contrasting color and wipe off across grain before it is set. Finish with P&L "38" Pale Trim Varnish. flat finish If an opaque effect is desired, this can be readily accomplished by applying a coat of P&L Lyt-all Double Duty Primer (tinted to approximate shade of final coat) and a coat of P & L Lyt-all Flowing Flat. For product descriptions see pages 7 to 20. DUCTS discussion of problem Ducts of galvanized steel are used extensively for heating, ventilating or air conditioning systems. Sometimes ducts are exposed and sometimes they are concealed. If concealed they do not usually re quire painting. Often, ducts are fabricated as well as installed on the job, which prevents either prim ing or finishing in the shop or mill. When placed in confined spaces they are awkward to paint. Galvanized steel should be chemically treated be fore the application of primers and paints. Best re sults can be obtained with P & L No. 47 Metal Pre treatment, an acid bound resinous type treatment, used exactly as specified on the label of the container. This treatment requires the following procedures: 1) Remove oil and surface soil from the metal with P & L Duosol or mineral spirits. 2) Scrub metal lightly with fine steel wool. 3) Apply treatment. 4) Apply prime coat. This can be done as soon as treatment is dry (usually Vi hour or less) but not later than 24 hours after treatment. i It is best to prime before installation and then touch up scratches before finishing. FINISHING SCHEDULE Pretreat galvanized steel as described above then prime with P & L No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer. Finish same as adjoining wall or ceiling. / ' ORNAMENTAL METAL discussion of problem The selection of finishing materials and methods will depend upon the location (outdoors or indoors), the material of which made, and the design. If installed 122] outdoors, the value of ornamental metal and the difficulty of repainting it, justifies the most durable finish. Wrought iron needs maximum protection against rusting, especially when installed outdoors. Remove any oil, grease and rust and then prime with 0007rPTL-000697 PROBLEM AREAS The following section explores specific problems in architectural finishing. The problems are discussed in detail and practical approaches to the solutions of these problems are offered, including various finishing schedules. The topics are: AGGREGATE BLOCK POURED CONCRETE CEILINGS PRECAST CONCRETE SLABS AREAS REQUIRING MAXIMUM SANITATION -- OR SUBJECTED TO SEVERE USAGE ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS TEXTURED PLYWOOD DUCTS ORNAMENTAL METAL 0007-PTL-000692 [117] choices of finishes are available. Such finishes are: P&L Lyt-all Flowing Flat, P & L Vitralite Enamel Eggshell, P&L Vapex Flat Wall Finish, P&L Lytall Stippling Eggshell and P&L Lyt-all Stippling Flat. On the other hand, the architect may desire to pro vide a smooth surface appearance. If such be the case, a filled surface is necessary. For filled surfaces, use P&L Primafil. This is both a primer and filler possessing unique properties. It is expressly de signed for simultaneous priming and filling of aggre gate block. It does a superb job of filling pores and voids, drying rapidly to a hard foundation for fin ishing with P&L Lyt-all Flowing Flat, P&L Vitra lite Enamel Eggshell, P&L Vapex Flat Wall Finish, P&L Lyt-all Stippling Eggshell or P&L Lyt-all Stippling Flat. (See Finishing Schedules on previous page). In addition to the above systems, when a heavy duty glaze finish is required, specify the P & L Vitra-Tile System. For production descriptions see pages 7 to 20. POURED CONCRETE CEILINGS discussion of problem The painting of poured concrete ceilings requires special thought and accurate specifications for these reasons: the surface lacks smoothness, is coarse with ridges, pimples, pores and voids; the ceilings often must be painted before completely dry to maintain construction schedules; ferrous metal chairs and re inforcing rods protruding through or close to the surface may rust and disfigure the finish. smoothness Even the process of grinding down the surface with an abrasive wheel does not produce smoothness equivalent to a plaster job. When maximum smooth ness of finish is wanted, then the use of a primer which has extra filling properties to fill pores and voids is advisable. P&L Primafil is such a product. The finish coat over the primer should be dead flat. For this, use P&L Solidex. A poured concrete ceil ing, prepared and finished this way, will appear to be smooth and uniform. dampness It is preferable to allow concrete ceilings ample time to dry before applying any paint. Moisture in con crete carries alkali in solution. This will attack the vehicle of oil base or oleo-resinous coatings and cause it to saponify, which in turn will affect adherence. Moisture also will cause ferrous metal (chairs, rein forcing rods, etc.) to rust. If these protrude or are flush with or close to the surface, rust stains will spot the finish. Iron particles embedded in the pores of concrete, as a result of grinding off protruding metal, also will rust and be likely to cause a speckled effect. If concrete must be painted before it has thoroughly dried and if there is no ferrous metal present to cause rusting, then use a water thinned primer, either P&L Vapex Wall Primer, or for extra filling, P&L Primafil. If rusting is present or likely to occur, defer painting unfil the surface is dry and then use P&L Lyt-all Double Duty Primer either over the entire surface or to spot prime the rust areas. For production descriptions see pages 7 to 20. FINISHING SCHEDULES (1) For maximum filling and smoothness of finish See Specification 54 When rusting is A neither evident nor (2) For smooth, filled, dead flat (matte) finish See Specification 60 likely to occur (3) For Natural Texture See Specification 45 When rusting is Spot prime all exposed ferrous metal and all areas where rust is pres B evident or likely to ent or likely to occur with Lyt-all Double Duty Primer. Follow with occur Specification 53. C When painting must be done before concrete is completely dry and where rusting will not be a problem For dead flat (matte) finish See Specification 72 0007-PTL-000694 tlt9] Copyright, 1954, U.S.A. Pratt & Ijtmbtrt-lne. 0007-PTL-000087 ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS discussion of problem Since the function of an acoustical surface is to trap sound waves in the pores and interstices, anything which clogs or bridges over the spaces will decrease acoustical efficiency. Decorative coatings may be ap plied to acoustical materials. The purpose of such coatings is strictly decorative. None improves acous tical efficiency. Some destroy it. The choice of decorative coatings for acoustical surfaces will be limited by the color, structure and painting character istics of the acoustical material. Some can be painted freely, others sparingly, a few not at all. If the appearance of the acoustical material is unsat isfactory, it usually will be preferable to apply a minimum coating of paint for appearance. The variety of acoustical substances is so great that it is difficult to compile an all-inclusive list. Most of these types require painting for decoration. FINISHING SCHEDULES See Specifications 99,100 TEXTURED PLYWOOD discussion of problem Textured plywood with a ribbed, grooved, reeded, embossed or abraded surface has opened many pos sibilities for economical and artistic interior paneling. Because of rough surface texture and considerable differences in porosity and absorption, certain pre cautions need to be taken in finishing. The surface otherwise lends itself to unlimited variations in color and effect. porosity Textured plywoods are commonly made of soft wood such as fir. There is a great difference in absorption between the hard and soft portions of the grain. These differences are increased by striation and ' ' ' ...................... "" ..--" p FINISHING SCHEDULES - ... --1 .1 --II " INTERIOR NATURAL, VARNISH -- SATIN OR DULL 2 coats P & L "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat P & L "38" Pale Trim Varnish, Satin or Dull STAIN, VARNISH -- SATIN OR DULL 1 coat P & L Filtex 1 coat P & L Tonetic Wood Stain 1 coat P & L "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat P & L "38" Pale Trim Varnish, Satin or Dull TWO-TONE -- SATIN OR DULL 1 coat P & L Filtex and P & L Tonetic Wood Stain, equal parts 1 coat P & L Paste Filler of contrasting color, wiped across grain before it is "set" 1 coat P & L "38" Pale Trim Varnish Gloss 1 coat P & L "38" Pale Trim Varnish, Satin or Dull OPAQUE FINISH -- FLAT 1 coat P & L Lyt-all Double Duty Primer 1 coat P & L Lyt-all Flowing Flat 0007-PTL-000696 1121] TO THE SPECIFICATION WRITER HIS Manual contains not only a Master Specification which covers every detail of architectural painting pro cedure, but also includes individual specifications for Fine Residences, Medium-Price Residences, Hotels and Apartment Buildings, Hospitals and Institutions, Schools and Colleges, Office and Commercial Buildings and Industrial Buildings. These specifications may be applied to other types of build ings where conditions are parallel and requirements are comparable. It also contains a number of color plans especially adapted for the decoration of the interiors of the abovementioned types of buildings, as well as other information which may be helpful to the architect and his staff. 0007-PTL-000089 P & L Noxide 90 Red Lead Primer. If indoors, use P &L Eflecto Enamel Primer or P & L Interior Trim Primer (See Finishing Schedules). Chrome and brass should not be painted. Aluminum does not re quire painting except when exposed to salt or cor rosive atmosphere, then prime with P & L No. 25 Zinc Chromate Primer and finish as desired. House paints are not recommended for finish coats on these substrates, as house paints are designed to weather by chalking. EXTERIOR INTERIOR FINISHING SCHEDULES PAINT -- VERDURA See Specification 15 ENAMEL See Specification 17 ENAMEL See Specifications 116, 121 SILVER OR GOLD EFFECT 1 coat P & L Interior Trim Primer 1 coat P & L "61" Quick Drying Enamel, Silver or Gold CORRECTIONS There are a few minor changes which should be made in this volume, on pages and in the manner shown below: Page 26 71 74 77 Surface TRIM, WOOD (OTHER) Masonry Block Doors, Wood Ventilating Ducts From *147 108 31-41 106 Change To 144 107 31, 35-40 108 0007-FTL-000698 [123]