Document 5bDDBQX4jq36Y1Nq6Bgk76z25

PLAlVHKF'S EXHIBIT J INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE I AND TOXICOLOGY Second Revised Edition FRANK A. PATTY, Editor \ j II! V O LU M E I | TOXICOLOGY | David W. Fassett and Don D. Irish, Editors ! Index by Mrs. Kathleen Kumlkh Authors W. B. Deichmann D. \V. Fassett H. W. Gehaude C. L. Hake D. 0. Hamblin L. \V. Hazleton F. W. Hbyroth C. H.Hine D. D. Irish R. A.Ivehoe M. L. Ksplinger F. A. Patty V, K. Rowe H. E. Stokinger W. L. Sutton J. F. Treon R. J. Weir M. A. Wolf INTERS CIENCE PUBLISHERS a division or John Wiley A Sons, Inc., New York London Sydney Copyright 1963 by John Wiley & Sons, Ine. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 5S-9220 SECOND PK1NTINO, APRIL, 1965 PRINTED IN THE CNlTlV.'i -TATES CP BY M `XR VhtN'T.N ?. ';r.- . Ss.A?*)N'. h: in in ci Si SI fw 1 in t e* $( tJ. w W` , ar li> ol i ' CH th in ! ra i an i ed j lo ! en po ab hr' i; ... vent in the atmosphere, should be provided. Fire ping from a leak can be cent ammonia can cause Handling Is and exposed workmen oid the dangers involved, 'sequent reduction of the nitrogen oxides, benzene, 'rination process involves .e, although only slightly icr local or good general equires either very effec1 ventilation. The dangers ;ene through the skin are and shoes, gloves, or any th any visible amount of the skin should be thor- mulas for waterproof ink id use of the ink. Poisonr' stamped with such an 8-hour exposure j.use poisoning. Aniline ly to be overlooked and feet. ' resistant to corrosion is dectrolytic bath with the dc film is formed in this contain any of a number ! electrolytes being comive mists out of the tank r can recognize excessive il irritation. Where any ihould be made and cor al practice, however, to TiuisNiblc limits are dis- POTENTIAL EXPOSURES IN INDUSTRY 2243 Armature W orkers Lend "tinning" baths and lead pots, when small and equipped with tempera ture controls, may not present serious lead exposures. However, the larger opera tions, especially when no temperature control is in use, can offer serious exposures. Wherever there is any question of exposure, the operation should cither be pro vided with mechanically induced air flow to remove or dilute the lead fumes before they can be inhaled, or else air, blood, or urine samples should be collected and analyzed for lead to establish whether ventilation is necessary. Waterproof varnishes, especially those made from cashew nutshell liquidformaldehyde resins, may cause dermatitis. This may result from contact with the wet varnish, from the varnish dust dispersed in grinding armatures, or from skin contact with dirty solvent baths for dipping and cleaning old armatures. The solvent bath should not be permitted to become badly contaminated and skin contact must be avoided. In the case of wet or dry varnish, good personal cleanli ness is an effective preventive measure, and varnish dust should be controlled by process ventilation. Protective creams and clothing may be useful in some instances. Art-Metal Casting Art-metai casts for displays, trophies, medals, and the like are usually cast from white meta! or britannia metal, which are alloys of tin, antimony, and copper, often having some zinc and bismuth, occasionally lead, and possibly arsenic. The alloys are melted in pots, temperatures rarely exceeding 300 or 400C. Burring, filing, belt "sanding," and buffing may be done and, unless con trolled, significant exposures to mechanically generated metal dusts may result. At the temperatures ordinarily employed there is little likelihood of an exposure to meta! fumes, however. Where uncertainties exist, exposures should be evaluated and, when found excessive, controlled. Other possible exposures in the industry involve plating baths and cyanide dips. Soldering operations are usually at low temperatures to avoid fusing the low-melting-point alloys, and therefore are not conducive to the formation of metal fumes. Asbestos Workers Dustiness around asbestos workers is sometimes above the proposed standard of 5 million particles per cubic foot. Perhaps mining offers the greatest exposure, to dust, and in fabrication plants the operations, listed in the probable, decreasing order of dustiness, are: screening, picking, stacking, and widowing in the prepara tion room; carding, dry weaving, spinning, twisting, winding, and warping. The sawing, filing, drilling, and grinding of brake linings is ordinarily well controlled. Grinding, mixing, and hagging asbestos cement and insulating material, and. the sawing or beveling of asbestos board, are dusty operations unless properly engi neered. The asbestos content of those dusts frequently is not high but diatomaceous 2244 I-'RANIC A. PATTY earth in considerable quantities may accompany it, tlms complicating the exposure with free silica, ft. is desirable in asbestos exposures to keep the dust count down to 5 million particles, or less, per cubic foot of air. m Asphalt (Mineral Pitch) The name "asphalt'5 applies to bitumen or to earth or rocks impregnated with bitumen and to a residue from certain petroleums, coal tar, lignite tar, etc. (artificial asphalt). It is a black solid formed in the earth from slow decomposition of organic matter. It is composed chiefly of hydrocarbons along with varying amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds. Asphalt is used principally for water-excluding coatings upon roads, floors, or roofs. It is employed as a rust preventive in ducts, collectors, tanks, and so forth to protect metals from corrosive (acid) liquids and gases. For such application it is commonly dissolved in benzene. Vapors and gases from heated asphalt are obnoxious and toxic, containing among other compounds some hydrogen sulfide. Dermatitis from contact with asphalt has been reported as common, with the entire body sometimes affected. Skin cancer has also been reported, but statistics arc lacking. Some authorities attribute most of the poisoning that has occurred from the vise of asphalt to the solvents employed with it (benzene, phenol, etc..). Grinding operations and hot processes should have exhaust ventilation. Personal cleanliness is the heart of any program for preventing skin disease. Automobile Manufacture The manufacture of automobiles has few operations that are peculiar to the industry. There are many exposures and potential exposures common to other industries. These are discussed elsewhere under specific headings such as: Abrasive Blasting, Anodizing, Battery Manufacture, Electroplating, Foundry Operations, Forging and Iron Working. Garages. Grinding and Poiishing, Heat Treating. Industrial X-Ray. Lead Workers, Metal Cleaning, Metalizing, Motor Testing, Painting and Decorating, Pickling, Plastics and Resins. Radio Manufacture and Repair, Welding, etc. Body polishing by tic use of tripoii polishing compounds is an operation more or less peculiar to the production of highly polished automobile bodies. Xo harmful effects have ina-TWa^sociated with tlrA operation. However, any dust arising from the poiishing. and especially from compressed-air biowoff operations,and from 'in- cleaning t!:c bru-hc' 'Amid be ontrollcd. There wems no logical oxeus" for condoning 'Ueh du'( in i-i-iv'.-.rr.-vior..' of mop (ban 5 million particios p<'r cubic foot o: an- .Since '.r.poii polish i.- .,i.n!i, d a-- a 'lurry, iu't <-onrroi has Another < solder. This op metal by belt years past. Gi closures and blood or urine exposures arc ciently high h tire adequate, take care of t cicnt air exha plied-air heln removal of 111 fore intoxieat with load an coupled with 0.08 mg. iead encountered. Contact bile manufac that are invi A statisi tact with tin the highest i exposed per screw-machi titis--on th< "soluble oils Some o each of tiles primary irr nitrophenol. amines, am objeetionai)- It is h sterilization desirable. I: where they tourization chat certain odors withe The m