Document 5b5140mJEyZr0Ndek2Oxw226e

Illegal use of PCB by the oil industry utilizing a method similar to Volkswagens Dieselgate ConsequencesondrinkingwaterandagriculturallandinGermany,Holland,Denmark and Sweden -- GiertzTech AB 2017-08-05 -- -- 2 Abstract EU imports at least 30 000 tons yearly of the forbidden chemical PCB. A ruthless chemical manufacturer uses a method where PCB can be marketed as a "green chemical". The manufacturer manipulates the product so that its actual content of PCB is impossible to measure using the certified and standardized measurement method commonly used by government agencies and accredited institutes. The purpose is similar to Volkswagens Dieselgate; the product is manipulated in order to avoid government control and government regulations. Demulsifiers are used by the oil industry to remove water from crude oil. An Asian manufacturer has captured the EU market by promoting a "green demulsifier" which replaces conventional demulsifiers based on e.g. polymers. This demulsifier is based on PCB; however, the manufacturer manipulates the product so that its actual content of PCB is impossible to measure. The result is an environmental catastrophe of almost incomprehensible dimension. Some PCB remains in produced petrol and diesel and is spread with car exhaust to water resources and agricultural land. PCB in Stockholm tap water exceeds the EU directive by 100 000 000 times and PCB in Hamburg tap water by 700 000 000 times. Agricultural land is unsuitable for food production. The method to mask PCB (and also PFOS) is not new. It started with the ban on PCB and PFOS. It was difficult to replace these highly efficient chemicals in many applications. The method was to create compounds or clusters containing PCB, PFOS and PFAS and where the actual content of PCB, PFOS and PFAS was impossible to measure using state of the art methods. There are 209 different types of PCBs and 30 types of PFAS with structure similar to PFOS. Consequently, a large variety of different compounds can be created and where each has specific characteristics in order to meet a specific requirement. During the same period EU questioned a number of chemicals based on their environmental impact, e.g. brominated flame retardants and phatalates. It has been a profitable endeavor for a ruthless Asian chemical manufacturer to replace these questioned chemicals with "green chemicals". Compounds consisting of PCB and PFOS are found in flame retardants used in matches, in flame retardants used in fire foam (AFFF), as water-, fat- and glucose repellants in food packages, as water- and dirt repellants in textiles, as surfactant in dishwashing liquid, as surfactant in paper production, as surfactant in oil production, as release agent in plastic production and as plasticizer in PE-LD plastic. This report focuses on PCB used as demulsifier by the oil industry. The supply of non-toxic water and food belongs to basic infrastructure. This basic infrastructure has been destroyed beyond repair in large parts of Germany, Holland, Denmark and Sweden. 3 1. Introduction The object of this report is to prove that the EU oil industry use at least 30 000 tons yearly of the forbidden chemical PCB. The object is also to prove that this use of PCBs contaminates drinking water and agricultural land. In this study PCBs were measured in engine oil, in diesel and in petrol. They were also measured in seawater outside a Swedish oil refinery. Furthermore, PCBs were measured in tap water in 39 cities in Germany, Holland, Denmark and Sweden as well as in 7 cities in China. PCBs were also measured in mineral water and soft drinks as well as in vegetables produced in Holland and Sweden. The results display an almost incomprehensible environmental catastrophe. 2. Use of PCB in oil production Crude oil contains water, among other as emulsion. Water is removed using demulsifiers which separates oil from water. The demulsifier described here consists of a mix of two types of PCBs; PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). A part of these PCBs remains in the produced oil, e.g. engine oil, petrol and diesel. Engine oil, petrol and diesel, bought in Sweden in June 2017, have been analyzed with respect of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). Type of product Engine oil, Classic way Engine oil, Garden way Petrol Petrol Petrol Petrol Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Sold by Statoil Statoil Circle K (Statoil) OK Q8 Preem Shell Circle K (Statoil) OK Q8 Preem Shell PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 130 120 75 75 90 75 75 90 75 75 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 150 140 90 90 110 90 90 110 90 90 Petrol, bought in China 2016 contained 100 mg/l PCB (C12H3Cl7) and 120 mg/l PCB (C12HCl9). Soot in the exhaust pipe of 5 cars with petrol engine and 5 cars with diesel engine were analyzed. In all cases the soot contained high concentration of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). The results display that PCB is not destroyed during the combustion process and is therefore spread with the car exhaust. The conclusion is that the oil industry uses two types of PCBs as demulsifier and where a significant part remains in produced oil, petrol and diesel. 3. Oil refinery Preemraff Seawater close to a Swedish oil refinery (Preemraff) was analyzed with respect of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). Preemraff is situated in the fjord Brofjorden on the Swedish west coast. Samples of sea water were collected in Brofjorden (Sandvik), including sea water close to the refinery (Fiskebcksvik, Norrkila and Lahlla). Samples of water were also collected close to the inlet of 4 Brofjorden (Skalhamn) as well as in two coastal cities close to Brofjorden (Lysekil and Smgen). All samples were collected during July 2017. Place where sample was collected Fiskebcksvik Norrkila Lahlla Sandvik Skalhamn Lysekil Smgen Position relative to Preemraff 1 km SW of Preemraff 1 km east of Preemraff 1 km NE of Preemraff 4 km NE of Preemraff At inlet to Brofjorden Coastal city 7 km south of Brofjorden Coastal city 10 km north of Brofjorden PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 4400 3600 5800 2100 1500 100 2.9 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 5100 4200 6800 2500 1700 120 3.4 Local people claim that Brofjorden is ecologically dead since the summer/autumn 2016 and where seaweed is dead and fish, muscles and crabs have disappeared. Seaweed looks dead and surrounded by grayish jellylike foam. 4. Measurement of PCB in drinking water The object of this section is to prove that PCB is used in China and that it has been used large scale in China since late 2014/early 2015. The object is also to show that PCB is used large scale in Europe; however, approximately 1-1.5 years later. 4.1 PCB in China Tap water from Chinese cities was collected 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Tap water from Beijing Xidan 2013-06 contains no measurable PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). Tap water from Tianjin 2014-04 contains no measurable PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). The table below displays PCBs in tap water collected 2015-04. City Beijing, Xidan Beijing, east Beijing, north Kenli Tianjin Tiantongguan PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/l 8 70 3 25 17 5 PCB (C12HCl9), g/l 10 80 4 30 20 6 The table below displays PCBs in tap water collected 2016-11. City Beijing, Xidan Beijing, north Suqian Kenli Nanjing Yang Zhou Water reservoir, north of Beijing PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/l 50 000 80 000 100 000 170 000 35 000 120 000 80 000 PCB (C12HCl9), g/l 60 000 100 000 120 000 200 000 40 000 140 000 100 000 5 The conclusion is that this demulsifier was introduced large scale in China late 2014 or early 2015. Increase of PCBs in tap water has thereafter been enormous. 4.2 PCB in Sweden Water samples from Stockholm tap water (Norsborg water plant) have been collected and stored since 2015. The table below displays PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9) in tap water collected 2015-2017. Time when sample was collected 2015-01-01 2016-02-23 2016-04-13 2016-05-18 2016-06-27 2016-08-01 2016-12-22 2017-01-25 2017-02-27 2017-03-20 2017-05-31 2017-06-29 PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/l 0 0.02 3.5 35 90 170 1700 3000 3500 4500 7000 8000 PCB (C12HCl9), g/l 0 0.03 4 40 100 200 2000 3500 4000 5000 8000 10 000 The conclusion is that this demulsifier was introduced large scale in Sweden (by Preemraff) approximately 1-1.5 years later than in China. Increase of PCBs in tap water has thereafter been huge. The table below displays PCBs in tap water collected from Swedish cities in May-June 2017. City and type of water Avesta, ground water Borlnge, ground water Flen, lake Bven Gnesta, lake Frsjn Gteborg, lakes Delsjarna Halmstad Linkping, river Motala strm Ljungby, ground water Norrkping, lake Glan Nykping, lake Yngaren Stockholm Norrvatten, lake Mlaren Stockholm Vatten, lake Mlaren Sdertlje, ground water Uppsala Grnby, ground water rebro, ground water PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 3 20 0.02 (20 g/l) 0.02 (20 g/l) 2 2 3 0.02 (20 g/l) 2 1 3 8 12 20 2 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 4 30 0.02 (20 g/l) 0.02 (20 g/l) 3 3 4 0.03 (30 g/l) 3 1 4 10 15 25 2 Note that the PCB concentration is measured in mg/l, i.e. the concentration is extremely high. The conclusion is that the PCB concentration is very high in large cities (with high car density and traffic) and low in small cities with minor car density. 4.3 PCB in Germany Tap water in 11 German cities was collected in April 2017. Presence of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9) was analyzed. 6 City and place where sample was taken Bielefeld, Ost Bremen, Zentrum Dortmund, Westfalenhalle Dsseldorf, Zentrum Hannover, Langenhage Hamburg, Stillhorn Krefeld, Zentrum Neumnster, Brokenlande Neustadt, Zentrum Remscheid, Zentrum Wuppertal, Zentrum PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 7 2 3 7 10 60 8 0.004 (4 g/l) 30 20 20 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 8 3 4 8 12 70 10 0.005 (5 g/l) 40 30 30 Note that the concentration is measured in mg/l, i.e. the concentration is extremely high. Tap water from the same cities was also collected in July 2016 (except Neumnster which was not included 2016). The table below displays PCBs in three of these cities. All cities contain PCB concentration in the g/l range, i.e. thousand times less than a year later. City and place where sample was taken Bremen, Manndrfer Platz Dortmund, Lichtendorf Hamburg, Stillhorn PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.02 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 0.06 0.01 0.02 The conclusion is that the results from Germany are similar to results from Sweden. Consequently, the demulsifier was introduced large scale in Europe during 2016, i.e. 1-1.5 years later than in China. 4.4 PCB in Holland Tap water in 7 Dutch cities was collected in April 2017. City, place where sample was taken Amsterdam, city centre Arnhem, city centre Dordrecht, city centre Enschede, city centre Hengelo, city centre Roosendaal, city centre Rotterdam, city centre PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 25 5 3 25 8 40 40 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 30 6 4 30 10 50 50 Tap water from the same cities was also collected in July 2016. The table below displays PCBs in three of these cities. All cities contain PCB concentration in the g/l range, i.e. thousand times less than a year later. City and place where sample was taken Amsterdam, city centre Rotterdam, city centre Dordrecht, city centre PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 0.03 0.03 0.02 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 0.04 0.04 0.02 7 4.5 PCB in Denmark Tap water in 6 cities in Denmark was collected in April 2017. City, place where sample was taken Copenhagen, Kastrup Greve, city centre Kolding, city centre Odense, city centre Nstved, city centre Slagelse, city centre PCB (C12H3Cl7), mg/l 5 0.02 (20 g/l) 5 30 5 15 PCB (C12HCl9), mg/l 6 0.02 (20 g/l) 6 40 6 20 Tap water from the same cities was also collected in July 2016 (except Greve which was not included 2016). All cities contain PCB concentration in the g/l range, i.e. thousand times less than a year later. 5. Mineral water and soft drinks Mineral water, bought in Sweden in June 2017, has been analyzed with respect of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). Brand name Lidl, Saskia Lidl, Saskia AQUA D'OR S. Pellegrino Evian Bonaqua (Coca Cola) Ramlsa Loka Premier Premier Source or spring Leissling, Germany Lningen, Germany Brande, Denmark Bergamo, Italy French Alps, France Hanveden, Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden Grythyttan, Sweden Saxhyttan, Sweden Guttsta, Sweden PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/l 15 000 5 000 2 1 0.1 15 000 3000 3 3 8 PCB (C12HCl9), g/l 20 000 6000 3 1 0.1 20 000 4000 4 4 10 Note that the concentration is measured in g/l. Soft drinks, bought in Sweden in June 2017, have been analyzed with respect of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). Brand name Coca Cola Fanta Pepsi Max Mountain Dew (Pepsi) Trocadero Grape Tonic Schweppes Indian Tonic Producer Coca Cola, Sweden Coca Cola, Sweden Carlsberg Sweden (license) Carlsberg Sweden (license) Spendrup, Sweden Spendrup, Sweden Spendrup, Sweden (license) PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/l 5 5 3 3 7 7 7 PCB (C12HCl9), g/l 6 6 4 4 8 8 8 6. PCB in vegetables 7 different vegetables and root vegetables, produced in Sweden, were randomly selected from two grocery stores (COOP and Hemkp) in June 2017. In addition wheat from farmland was analyzed with respect of PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). 8 Type of vegetable Potato Wheat Broccoli Jerusalem artichoke Onion Carrot Cucumber Cucumber Producer, city Unknown, Vsters Grown outside Gnesta Horna Grd, hus Mariannes Farm, Strvelstorp Dalbo Grd, Oxie Steglinge Grden, Hgans Unknown, Jrna Vxtkraft AB, Hlsingborg PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/kg 15 4 1 4 3 8 12 20 PCB (C12HCl9), g/kg 20 5 1 5 4 10 15 30 Vegetables from Holland were bought in Sweden in June 2017. Type of vegetable Bell pepper (paprika) Egg plant (aubergine) Leek Tomato PCB (C12H3Cl7), g/kg 170 100 140 80 PCB (C12HCl9), g/kg 200 120 160 100 The results display that PCB is spread to agricultural land and that the concentration is high also in areas with moderate traffic, e.g. Gnesta and hus. The results demonstrate that large parts of Swedish agricultural land may be polluted and unsuitable for food production. It is reasonable to believe that Germany, Holland and Denmark, which have more cars per area, may have a similar or worse problem. 7. Action level The EU TDI (tolerable daily intake) for PCB is 2 pg TEQ/kg bodyweight. (TEQ = toxic equivalents). Hence, a child (50 kg) should have a PCB daily intake less than 100 pg. Tap water in many cities exceed this TDI by more than ten million times, in the case of Stockholm hundred million times and in Hamburg seven hundred million times. 8. Impact on inhabitants in Sweden Let us assume that a child with bodyweight 50 kg consumes 50 cl water, 33 cl Coca Cola and 100 grams of Dutch vegetables daily. If that child lives in Stockholm it consumes approximately 10 mg each of two PCBs daily and which exceeds EU TDI by hundred million times. If that child lives in the remote city Flen it consumes approximately 40 + 12 + 30 g PCBs daily and which exceeds the EU TDI by approximately 0.8 million times. Assume the child decides to drink only Evian mineral water from the French Alps and refrains from soft drinks, vegetables, bread and pasta. In that case his daily intake is approximately 0.2 g PCBs and which exceeds the EU TDI by 2000 times. Note that the PCB concentration must be doubled since it contains both PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9). This study includes only few of a large number of analyzes made on lake water and tap water in the populated areas of Sweden (Gtaland and Svealand) and excluding northern Sweden. All samples display PCB concentration exceeding 0.1 g/l and in most cases exceeding 1 g/l. The conclusion is that the majority of the Swedish population is supplied with drinking water where the EU TDI is exceeded by at least 1000 times and where there exists no alternative water supply other than supplying the population with water from rivers in northern Sweden. These rivers will soon contain high PCB level unless use of PCB is stopped immediately. 9 The air in cities with much traffic is heavily polluted by PCBs from car exhaust. These PCBs bioaccumulate in the lungs and the body. In principle these cities are inhabitable unless traffic is terminated or the oil industry refrains from using PCBs. The conclusion is that there is a serious problem with PCBs in EU. Our existence is threatened by PCBs used in oil production. The estimated yearly import of these PCBs to EU is at least 30 000 tons. 9. Measurements of PCB PCB is measured according to the Aroclor method and where the sample is compared with PCBs which have been used during the 1950ies - 1970ies, i.e. before the 1976 ban. There are 209 different types of PCBs (PCB congeners) and the manufacturer has chosen two PCB congeners which have not been used previously. Consequently, it is impossible to measure presence of these PCBs with the Aroclor method. The manufacturer of this demulsifier uses a method where PCB (C12H3Cl7) and PCB (C12HCl9) are mixed in a way where they form clusters. The state of the art method used when analyzing PCB is mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This method analyzes single or solitary molecules; however, not PCBs which are part of a cluster. The consequence is that it is impossible to measure presence of these chemicals and the product can be promoted as a "green" demulsifier. That may explain why this enormous pollution has escaped analyzes made by government agencies etc. The above clusters of PCBs disintegrate at very low concentration. Consequently, the method is to mix the sample with MQ-water (distilled water). This report displays that tap water often contain 1-70 mg/l PCB and which is an enormously high concentration. The method used is to mix the sample with 1000 times water, often 100 000 times water and sometimes with 1 million times water. That reduces the concentration to 1-1000 ng/l and which is within measurement range of state of the art methods. 10. PFOS Water in crude oil is removed using demulsifier which separates water from the oil-water emulsion. Subsequently, water must be removed from oil using a surfactant which decreases the water surface tension. European oil industry, including Preemraff, has used a PFAS (C16F33SO3). Brofjorden and the samples described in sections 4-6 contain high concentration of C16F33SO3. Petrol and diesel purchased in Sweden 2016 contain approximately 150 mg/l C16F33SO3. During spring 2017 the Swedish oil refinery Preemraff switched from using C16F33SO3 as surfactant to the forbidden chemical PFOS (C8F17SO3). Brofjorden, close to the oil refinery (at Fiskebcksvik, Norrkila and Lahll, see section 3), contains approximately 800 mg/l PFOS. Swedish petrol and diesel bought in June 2017 (see section 2) contain approximately 120 mg/l PFOS. Stockholm tap water displays rapid increase of PFOS during July 2017. 10 11. Conclusions The study provides evidence that the oil industry use PCBs as demulsifier in oil production. PCB was forbidden 1976. The study also provides evidence that the Swedish oil industry also uses PFOS. PFOS was forbidden in 2008. The study provides evidence that this PCB based demulsifier was used in China 1-1.5 years earlier than in Europe. There is reason to believe that this demulsifier originates from China. The study provides evidence that PCBs are spread by car exhaust to drinking water reservoirs and to agricultural land and thus, result in huge contamination of tap water and food. Illegal import of this demulsifier containing illegal PCBs must stop immediately. Illegal import of PFOS must also stop immediately. Prompt actions must be taken in order to stop further contamination, to inform the population and to arrange supply of clean water and food. Europe experiences a devastating environmental catastrophe. The supply of non-toxic water and food belongs to basic infrastructure. This basic infrastructure has been destroyed beyond repair in large parts of Germany, Holland, Denmark and Sweden. The purpose with the described demulsifier is to market a product where its actual content of PCBs is impossible to detect with state of the art methods. It is a betrayal similar to Volkswagens Dieselgate. Here, a name to this gigantic fraud is suggested; Petrolgate.