Document 5RxM9NnzpYw5zZXnpQ7kmX1J

AROCLORS IN FORMULATING HIGH STYRENE COPOLYMER SURFACE COATINGS (PLIOLITE S-5 RESINS) Monsanto Technical Bulletin mRRaobnmsjobmmAao uMnmn vonpoB^ '' * mInorganic Chomicals Division B MTonsantol St. Louis 4, Mo. * '*/ > oJ9 o oI- JO I/I This booklet has been prepared as a guide in formulating a variety of finishes using Pliolite* resins and Monsanto Aroclors**. These finishes include exterior finishes for poured concrete, concrete blocks, cinder blocks, asbestos'cement shingles, stucco, brick, and allied masonry surfaces. High styrene copolymer resins formulated with Aroclors make excellent paint vehicles -- and are relatively easy to formulate. o JO ,c Z- ft Monsanto Aroclors are inert chlorinated bi' and polyphenyls which show excellent compatibility with high styrene copolymer resins. Com' pounded with Pliolite S'5 resins, the Aroclors produce a wide variety of speciahzed and general purpose coatings which show excellent resistance to corrosive influences, including acids, alkalies and moisture. The techniques presented in this booklet for preparing the protective coatings are in accordance with information prepared by the Chemical Di' vision of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. *Trade Name Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. Goodyear Tire 6? Rubber Company **Trade Name Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. Monsanto Chemical Company :_e r.'v-- a` on :onta nee n this bul!ef n 'S. fo our best imoiAedge -"ue and accu'ate but aii 'ecc'-'-'enda1 ^32? w q^a'anree S'nce fb cond tons or use are bevond oj* control, The Monsanto C^e^n-cal z or t 'ncu"ed n connection w rh the use c* these data or suggest'ons. Pu'T^ern-o'e no*k nq contained bere n snail be construed as a recommendat'on *o use a^y orcduc* In con'llc ccver'ng any ~'a4er:a! or Its use. ' a ~ s a -, c ;. ` h easting oaten o <<D 3 CD O* SVOI w DSW 394213 STLCOPCB4101356 GENERAL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AROCLORS 1254 AND 5460 Form Color Acidity -- Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gm.) Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity 25/25C (77/77F) Pounds per Gallon -- 25C (77F) AROCLOR 1254 Light yellow viscous liquid 150 Max. (APHA) 0.015 0.00066 (25'65C) 1.538 12.82 AROCLOR 5460 Yellow transparent resin 2.0 Max. NPA 0.07 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.740 14.50 Distillation Range -- ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C Evaporation Loss-%-ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C............................................ 5 hrs. 100C............................................ 6 hrs. Flash Point'Cleveland Open Cup................ C F Fire Point'Cleveland Open Cup................ C F Pour Point'ASTM D'97............................... C F Softening Point-ASTM E-28.........................C F Refractive Index-D-line -- 20C Viscosity-Saybolt Universal Sec. (ASTM-D'88) 210F (98.9C) 130F (54.4C) 100F (37.8C) OOn o 365'390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 None None 10 1.639-1.641 44-48 260-340 1800-2500 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260-5 hrs.) None None 100 to 105.5 212 to 222 1.660-1.665 -1 DSW 394214 STLCOPCB4101357 SOLUBILITY OF AROCLORS IN 100 MILLILITERS OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS Type of Solvent 1254 (@ 25C) (@ Hot) Ester Amyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Cellosolve Acetate Dibutyl Phthalate Diethyl Phthalate Ethyl Acetate SS sS ss ss ss ss Ether Alcohol Carbitol Cellosolve Diethylene Glycol 173 (26C) S I 259 (98C) S r Hydrocarbon Benzene Gasoline Kerosene Mineral Spirits Paraffin Pine Oil Toluene Turpentine Xylene Hydroxy -- derivatives Amyl Alcohol n-Butyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol (3-A) Methyl Alcohol Ketone . Acetone . Miscellaneous Water VS vs vs vs SS s vs vs vs s s 10 (27C) 15 (26C) S I vs vs vs vs s s vs vs vs s s 28 (75C) 22.2 (65C) S I I -- Insoluble S --Soluble SS -- Slightly Soluble VS --Very Soluble Figures show grams of Aroclor per 100 Milliliters of solvent at 25C unless otherwise indicated. 5460 (@ 25' S S s s s s SS s I 143 s s s SS s 142 S 178 s s 2 SS 260 I '2' DSW 394215 STLCOPCB4101358 GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLIOLITE S-5 RESINS Pliolite resins are versatile bases for formulating a variety of paints and coatings that require good re sistance to moisture, acids, alkalies and other corrosive chemicals. The general and specific properties of Pliolite So as given by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Chemical Division, Akron, Ohio, are as follows: Typical Properties of Pliolite S-5 General Properties -- Form......................................................................................................... White resinous powder Color of solution.................................................................................. Water-white Color of film......................................................................................... Clear and colorless Odor.........................................................................................................Odorless Toxicity................................... ................................................................ Non-toxic Pliolite resins are available in two series distinguished primarily by the viscosity of a 33-1/3% solution in Xylene measured in a No. 4 Ford Cup. The viscosities obtained are as follows: Pliolite S-5 A 190-240 secs. Pliolite S-5B 160-190 secs. Specific Physical Qualities. _ .. Specific gravity Index of refraction Softening range Acid value Pliolite S-5A 1.049 1.585 48-55 Neutral Pliolite S-5B 1.049 1.585 47-53 Neutral Chemical Resistance of paint films______ Non-oxidizable, non-saponifiable, highly resistant to moisture, acids, alkalies, soaps and general corrosive influences. Highly resistant to alcohol, very resistant to vegetable, animal and mineral oils and greases. General Physical Qualities of paint filmsThermoplastic, outstanding toughness and adhesion. High degree of flexibility with a minimum amount of plasticizer. Good thermal stability; withstands baking. Highly resistant to abrasion and scrub bing. Good aging characteristics; coatings do not oxidize and become brittle. PIGMENTED PLIOLITE S-5 PAINT BASES Pliolite S-5 paint bases are available -- with various standard pigments dispersed in Pliolite S-5 resins. These pigmented resin bases can be used where conventional grinding equipment is not available. -3DSW 394216 STLCOPCB4101359 For a variety of formulations, Goodyear offers pigmented resin bases given in the following table: Pliolite S-5 Bases Base No. 1A-S-5 2C-S5 5-S5 6-S5 7C-S5 8A-S5 13A-S5 14-S5 1S-S5 17-S5 38-S5 39C-S5 41A-S5 46C-S5 64-S5 65-S5 66A-S5 68A-S5 80-S5 81-S5 82-S5 85-S5 Percent Resin 35% 60% 30% 20% 40% 40% 40% 30% 30% 80% 40% 40% 35% 60% 25% 40% 75% 40% 35% 35% 35% 75% Percent Pigment or Extender Specific Gravity 65% Titanium Dioxide, Rutile Type 40% Carbon Black 70% Zinc Oxide 80%: Red Lead 60% Red Iron Oxide 60% Zinc Chromate 60% China Clay 70% Lithopone 70%: Zinc Sulfide 20% Prussian Blue 60% Yellow Iron Oxide 60% C.P. Chrome Green, Medium 65 % C.P. Chrome Yellow, Medium 40% Lampblack 75% Molybdate Orange, Dark 60% C.P. Chrome Yellow, Extra Light 25% Phthalocyanine Blue Lake 60% C.P. Chrome Green, Extra Light 65% Titanium Dioxide, Rutile Type meeting Fed. Spec. TT-T-425 Type II, Class B 65% Titanium Dioxide, meeting Fed. Spec. TT-T-425 Type III, Class C 65% C.P. Chrome Oxide 25% Modified BON Red 2.02 1.27 2.46 3.60 2.06 1.84 1.66 2.25 2.20 1.17 1.92 1.89 2.30 1.36 2.79 2.10 1.24 2.02 2.02 PROPERTIES OF PLIOLITE S-5 RESIN FILMS Pliolite So paint formulations containing Aroclo rs possess a number of advantages that make such formU' lations valuable for a variety of uses. Among the advantages are the following: 1. Superior resistance to acids and alkalies. 2. Excellent water resistance combined with satisfactory rate of moisture vapor transmission. 3. Tough durable films resistant to checking, peeling, pitting, flaking and cracking. 4. Excellent adhesion to masonry and allied surfaces. 5. Resistance to mildew. 6. Resistance to staining and discoloration. 7. Self-cleaning properties through controlled pigment chalking. 8. Ease of application. 9. Rapid drying. 10. Excellent can stability. -4 DSW 394217 STLCOPCB4101360 SOLVENTS FOR AROCLORS AND PLIOLITES S-5 COMPOSITIONS Aromatic hydrocarbons, or petroleum naphthas with high aromatic content, are the most satisfactory sol' vents for Aroclors and Pliolite S-5 coating compositions. Solutions in these solvents tolerate dilution with in' expensive petroleum thinners up to about 50 per cent by weight of the total solvent content. These solutions are chemically neutral, stable and do not change in viscosity on aging nor do they react with pigments on long storage. The solution viscosity varies somewhat with the particular Pliolite resin and solvent used. Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pliolite S-5A Concentrations 10% 20% Benzene LV LV Toluene LV LV Xylene LV LV High Flash Naphtha LV ' LV High Aromatic Content Petroleum Solvents *1 Apcosol 3 A *1 Apco Iso 12 *2 Solvesso No. 1 *2 Solvesso No. 2 *3 Solvent No. 2159 *3 Solvent No. 2161 LV LV LV LV LV MV LV MV LV LV LV LV Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene dichloride T richloroethylene Perchloroethylene Monochlorobenzene Orthodichlorobenzene Tetrachloroethane LV LV LV MV LV MV LV HV MV HV HV MV HV HV Esters Amyl acetate Butyl acetate Ethyl acetate *4 Cellosolve acetate LV LV LV LV LV .LV LV LV Ketones Cyclohexanone Methyl ethyl ketone . Methyl n-amyl ketone Methyl iso-butyl ketone LV MV LV LV LV LV LV LV Terpene Hydrocarbons Dipentene Turpentine LV LV LV LV Nitro Paraffins 1-Nitropropane LV LV LV -- Low viscosity solution MV -- Medium viscosity solution HV -- High viscosity solution *Suppliers 1 Anderson-Prichard Oil Corp. 2 Standard Oil Co. of N. J. 3 C. P. Hall Company 4 Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp. '5 DSW 394218 STLCOPCB4101361 In addition to this general information about solvents, Goodyear in their literature (Technical Manual, Code A'9403-K) presents very comprehensive data concerning the selection of solvents and diluents for Plio' lite S-5 paints. The Kauri-Butanol value has been found to be an excellent guide in choosing solvent mixtures for Pliolite S-5. In general, aromatic hydrocarbon solutions of Pliolite S-5 can be diluted with aliphatic hydro carbons until the Kauri-Butanol value has been reduced to about 60. In the calculation of costs, this serves as a guide in computing the maximum amount of aliphatic hydrocarbon of known K-B value that can be used with a given aromatic type solvent of known K-B value. Goodyear suggests that the K-B value of the solvent mixture be kept near the 60 value but stresses the importance of the fact that during drying the solvent mix ture should not become leaner in solvency than this initial value. This can be insured by choosing aliphatic and aromatic solvents possessing approximately the same boiling range. Due to their lower heat of vaporiza tion, aliphatic hydrocarbons -- when mixed with aromatic hydrocarbons of the same boiling range -- always evaporate first and consequently such a solvent mixture will become progressively richer in solvent power upon drying. Based on data taken from Circular 709 of the Scientific Section, National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association, Washington, D. C., and from bulletins of solvent suppliers, Goodyear has classified a large num ber of solvents and diluents for Pliolite S-5 (Technical Manual, Code A-9403-K) as being either very fast, medium or slow drying. This information is highly important, particularly since Pliolite S-5 paints dry almost entirely in accordance with the rate of solvent release. GUIDE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COATINGS WITH PLIOLITE S-5 Conventional Grinding Pliolite S-5 resins are dissolved in a selected solvent or solvent combination to serve as the paint vehicle. A primary grinding paste is prepared, added to a secondary paste, and the mixture finally thinned to the finished product. Aroclor 1254 (liquid) serves as a plasticizer, and Aroclor 5460 (resin), both added in the final thinning, serves as a fortifying extender. Pigments are ground into Pliolite resin pastes by the conventional methods and the coatings are formu lated in the usual manner. To insure maximum durability and lasting beauty, the pigments used for masonry paints should be alkali resistant. Using any of the general procedures listed below to facilitate solution, it is standard practice to cut the Pliolite S-5 resin in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene or high flash naphtha for the ini tial vehicle preparation. After this operation the other ingredients are blended in and petroleum solvents such as mineral spirits are used to make the final dilution of the paint. Three Methods of Soluabilizing Resins (or pigmented bases) 1. Agitate the Pliolite resin and solvent by means of a stirring device, or by tumbling in a drum or pebble mill until the resin has completely dissolved. 2. A more rapid method -- use simple stirring agitation until the material has softened, then pass through a pebble mill or three-roll mill to complete the solution of the resin. 3. Using an internal-type mixer such as a Banbury, mix a sufficient amount of solvent with the Pliolite pig mented base to form a heavy paste. Stir this mixture until the batch is smooth. The operation can be done in three to four hours by keeping the paste sufficiently stiff to develop a temperature of at least 150F., from frictional heat. Following this stirring, the batch may be diluted until it can be easily trans ferred to a mixing tank where the balance of the ingredients are added to complete the formulation. BALL OR PEBBLE MILLING OF PLIOLITE S-5 STUCCO PAINTS To obtain the correct combination of impact and shearing action in the milling of Pliolite S-5A paints, Goodyear technicians undertook an exhaustive study of pebble mill grinding. As a result of this work, four factors have been shown to be of paramount importance in producing Pliolite S-5 paints in conventional ball and pebble mills and in the formulas on page 7. These are: 1. An optimum pebble charge exists for grinding stucco and masonry finishes. The actual (not the apparent) volume of the pebbles should be 37% of the total volume of the pebble mill. -6 DSW 394219 STLCOPCB4101362 2. An optimum paste charge exists for grinding stucco and masonry finishes. This paste volume by both laboratory and plant production data indicates that an ideal grinding paste volume is 66% of the interstitial volume of the pebble charge (e.g. the void volume between the pebbles, not including the free space above the pebble level). 3. An optimum paste composition yielding the most effective deflocculation of pigment agglomerates can be designed for individual stucco paint formulations. These optimum grinding paste compositions for the preparation of white and deep tone Pliolite S-5 stucco finishes are listed in the Table. OPTIMUM PASTE COMPOSITIONS RECOMMENDED PEBBLE MILL CHARGING OF PLIOLITE S-5 STUCCO PAINTS --Pounds Per 100 Gallons-- oo 108-200 Green 108-300 Red 108-400 Brown -108-500 Buff 108-600 Gray -108-700 Blue 108-800 Yellow 2 * CO CO co CO CO CO Primary Grinding Paste Pliolite S5A.......................... Ti02 Rutile........................... Chrome Oxide...................... Red Iron Oxide................... Light Brown Oxide............. Dark Brown Oxide............. Yellow Iron Oxide.............. Lamp Black........................... Phthalocyanine Blue Lake.. Hansa Yellow....................... Asbestine............................. .... Solvesso 100....................... .... Mineral Spirts #10.......... .... 65.2 177.4 50.5 204.1 130.3 130.3 757.8 46.9 211.6 49.7 200.9 111.9 111.9 732.9 42.2 215.8 48.3 194.9 102.2 102.2 705.6. 49.2 47.4 47.4 94.8 195.3 116.1 116.1 666.3 64.2 153.0 45.4 183.2 167.0 167.0 779.8 62.3 123.5 59.0 17.9 18.7 56.5 47.7 192.7 141.9 141.9 728.7 . 168.5 149.1 149.1 600.1 Secondary Paste Addition Pliolite S5A ....... ... Pliolite S'3 Gel*............... .... Dicalite................................ .... Solvesso 100....................... ..... Mineral Spirits #10......... .... 6.3 20.0 75.9 42.3 95.6 240.1 22.6 20.0 74.7 48.0 48.0 213.3 25.2 20.0 72.5 46.1 46.1 209.9 18.3 20.0 72.7 48.6 48.6 208.2 20.0 68.1 21.4 57.1 166.6 4.3 15.0 71.7 44.3 66.1 201.4 . 15.0 62.6 49.7 49.7 177.0 Thinning Addition Aroclor 1254..................... .... Aroclor 5460..................... .... Solvesso 100....................... ..... Mineral Spirits #10......... 35.3 35.3 35.3 105.9 34.7 34.7 50.2 68.2 187.8 33.7 33.7 64.7 82.3 214.4 33.7 33.7 48.7 66.7 182.8 31.6 31.6 31.6 13.9 108.7 33.3 33.3 33.3 25.0 124.9 29.1 29.1 34.0 47.5 139.7 Totals......................... ..... 1103.8 1134.0 1129.9 1057.3 1055.1 1055.0 916.8 ' * Pliolite S-3 Gel--Ten parts by weight of Pliolite S-3 resin are added to 90 parts of Xylol. The components are mixed for a few minutes and allowed to stand for two hours. The solution is then remixed and allowed to stand for two days. The resulting product is a uniform gel, free from lumps and unswelled particles. CO 52.7 84.2 28.1 50.4 203.6 105.4 105.4 629.8 18.7 15.0 75.7 50.9 50.9 211.2 35.2 35.2 35.2 70.1 197.1 1038.1 DSW 394220 STLCOPCB4101363 4. Optimum grinding times exist for the full realization of colors in deep tone finishes. The extensions of grinding time for fullest color development are as follows: Paint Green S-108-200 Red S-108-300 Brown S-108-400 Buff S-108-500 Gray S-108-600 Blue S-108-700 Yellow S-108-800 Prime Pigmentation Chrome Zinc Oxide Red Iron Oxide Zinc Oxide Light Brown Oxide Dark Brown Oxide Yellow Iron Oxide Zinc Oxide Titanium Dioxide Lamp Black, Zinc Oxide Titanium Dioxide Phthalocyanine Blue Titanium Dioxide Hansa Yellow G Zinc Oxide ^Percent increase in grinding time beyond that required to develop maximum North fineness (approx. 4Y-4 North fineness) Extension* 63.6% 45.5% 3.7 % 54.5% 88.2% 140% 38.5% Recommended Pebble Mill Grinding Procedures The primary grinding pastes for Pliolites S'5 stucco paints as listed contain optimum amounts of resin, solvents and prime pigments. To prepare the paste, dissolve Pliolite S-5A in the recommended solvent blend, either in the mill or in separate equipment. Add the other primary paste ingredients to the resin solution in the mill. Grind the paste for the time recommended. The second addition to the mill consists of carefully balanced quantities of diatomaceous silica, bodying agent (Pliolite S-3 gel), solvent and, in some cases, additional Pliolite S-5A resin. These are added after the primary' paste is properly ground. They can be added in order without preliminary' mixing. After their addi tion, continue the grind to a North fineness value of 3 to l^/i- The third and final addition or "mix-off" contains the modifiers and the remainder of the required in gredients. This addition must be made in the form of a solution. Add the well-mixed solution to the mill and continue grinding only long enough to insure a final but thorough mixing. As an alternate procedure, this mix-off can be made in a blend tank. ROLLER MILL GRINDING Various investigations have shown that an efficient roller mill grinding paste must contain a high pig ment concentration in combination with a high resin content. This combination is necessary to maintain suf ficient paste consistency and "tack". Slippage on the rolls is eliminated and high shear forces are developed during grinding. DSW 394221 STLCOPCB4101364 "Weak" pastes (those in which pigments are improperly wetted during prefixing) cannot be satis factorily processed on a roller mill. "Thin" pastes (those in which pigment and resin concentrations are too low) can be processed on the roller mill, but numerous passes are generally required. Production rates on roller mills are directly dependent on proper grinding paste compositions that have been correctly premixed. Premixing Recommendations Correct premixing of roller mill pastes is highly important. Premixing, in itself, can accomplish a very necessary degree of preliminary pigment dispersion. By attaining partial pigment deflocculation in the pre mixing operation, optimum efficiency of the roller mill is realized and maximum production rates are assured. "Intensive" premixing produces strong pastes which process best on the mill. Such mixing is obtained by loading the mixer with the recommended amounts of vehicle and adding all the pigments before starting the stirrer. As the mixing proceeds, initial wetting of pigment mass and simultaneous release of air produces a "balling-up" condition. Because of the high viscosity of the vehicle and the high concentration of pigment employed, strong shear forces are produced. As a result of these forces, weakly held pigment agglomerates are soon broken up and the ball-like mass subsides or "breaks" into a smooth, flowing paste that has good uniformity and excellent processability on the mill. A paste so premixed results in a high rate of production, minimum slippage on the rolls, little or no ag gregate formation, and no evidences of mill abrasion. Finished paints resulting from the roller mill processing of such "intense" pastes possess superior properties. Recommended Roller Mill Grinding Procedures Below are listed the suggested roller mill paste formulations for Pliolite S-5 stucco and masonry paints. These contain the required pigments, a high concentration of Pliolite S-5 A resin, bodying agent (Pliolite S-3 resin) and sufficient solvent to insure optimum paste consistency for proper premixing. In making the "pre-mix," charge the resins and solvents into the mixer and stir until solution is complete. Then, stop the stirrer. Add the required pigments and restart the stirrer. Continue stirring until the mixture "breaks" and a smooth paste is obtained. Additional vehicle is needed for easy handling in the transfer of paste from premixer to roller mill. This addition must be made in the form of a solution. Add the required amount of solution to the initial paste and continue stirring until a homogenous mixture results. - Next, transfer the premixed paste to the roller mill. The recommended formulations listed in the Table are so designed as to require only a single pass through normal production mills. The setting on the mill rolls varies with individual equipment. Such settings are usually governed by re quired degree of dispersion, production rate and possibility of mill abrasion. With Pliolite S-5 stucco finishes, mill settings can be readily found that adequately balance these various factors. The final addition contains the modifiers and remaining formulation ingredients. This addition must be made in the form of a solution and can be carried out in any suitable mixing or blending equipment. DSW 394222 STLCOPCB4101365 RECOMMENDED ROLLER MILL CHARGING OF PLIOLITE S-5 STUCCO PAINTS --Pounds Per 100 Gallons-- oo 0) CO1 o I*E CO oCCooOO1 ~00) o' to o c CoO *o GLQa CO oo 00i 00>) o-- o CO ooLO 0o0 G3Q CO oo >* 00 o"" La o CO oro0-0i* 03) o-- CO CO o0o--0o001 * "o > CO Priming Pre Mix Paste Ti02 Rutile................. Red Iron Oxide........ Light Brown OxideDark Brown Oxide... Chrome Oxide........... Yellow Iron Oxide.... Lamp Black................ Phthalocyanine Blue.. Hansa G..................... Zinc Oxide................. Asbestine.................... Diatomaceous Silica... Pliolite S-3................. Pliolite So Unmilled Solvesso 100............... MS #10..................... 177.4 215.8 47.4 94.8 50.5 204.1 75.9 2.0 61.1 162.5 38.5 772.0 48.3 194.9 72.5 2.0 55.8 163.3 38.3 790.9 195.3 72.7 2.0 56.9 165.5 54.2 736.2 211.6 49.7 200.9 74.7 2.0 60.6 168.6 43.8 811.9 153.0 45.4 183.2 68.1 2.0 59.4 190.9 71.6 773.6 123.5 18.7 47.7 192.7 71.7 1.5 55.6 166.7 44.6 722.7 17.9 56.5 168.5 62.6 1.5 48.2 177.5 31.3 564.0 84.2 28.1 50.4 203.6 75.7 1.5 58.9 157.8 36.2 696.4 Secondary Vehicle Addition Pliolite SoA............................ Solvesso 100............................. MS #10.................................. 10.4 28.1 6.5 45.0 11.6 33.8 7.9 53.3 10.6 32.2 10.5 53.3 8.9 24.8 6.4 40.1 4.8 15.5 5.8 26.1 11.0 33.0 8.8 52.8 10.8 39.7 7.0 57.5 12.5 33.4 7.7 53.6 Final Mix-off Aroclor 1254.......................... Aroclor 5460.......................... Solvesso 100............................. MS #10.................................. 35.3 35.3 35.3 180.9 286.8 Totals................................ 1103.8 33.7 33.7 ' 33.7 184.6 285.7 1129.9 33.7 33.7 33.7 166.7 267.8 1057.3 34.7 34.7 34.7 177.9 282.0 1134.0 31.6 31.6 31.6 160.6 255.4 1055.1 33.3 33.3 33.3 179.6 279.5 1055.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 208.0 295.3 916.8 35.2 35.2 35.2 182.5 288.1 1038.1 SUGGESTED FORMULATIONS FOR VARIOUS COATINGS The following general formulations are suggested as starting points for a variety of vehicles which offer great latitude in the choice of solvents and will enable the paint manufacturer to formulate in accordance with his own ideas and requirements. ' 10 DSW 394223 STLCOPCB4101366 WALL SEALER, FORMULATION S-103-106 (Plastic Primer-Sealer) Pliolite S'5 is unusually resistant to alkalies and to the transmission of water vapor. The Pliolite S-5 wall sealers are easily produced, apply smoothly, cover well, dry rapidly, and hold out finish coats evenly. In addition, the sealers are inert to alkalies and quite resistant to the transmission of moisture. Formulation Pliolite S'5 A Aroclor No. 5460 TS'28 Solvent (Shell Oil) Mineral Spirits #10 1- Ponolith LR-142 TiCal R-60 1- Ti Pure R-610 2- Asbestine 3X 3- Mineralite 3X Soya Lecithin Aluminum Stearate, Tech D Chlorinated Paraffin (40%) Pounds per 100 Gallons 123.2 41.4 246.4 185.3 339.3 59.2 75.0 5.9 5.9 41.4 1. Supplied by E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 2. Supplied by International Talc Co. 3. Supplied by Mineralite Sales Gorp. 1123.0 The specific ingredients listed were used in developing and testing the formulations. Other solvents, pigments, and extenders, equivalent to those listed, may be substituted. Either Milled or Unmilled Pliolite So Resin' may be used. Unmilled Resin gives slightly more body. Preparation To facilitate dispersion, the Pliolite S'5 is dissolved in the TS'28 Solvent to give a 33 - 1/3% solution, and the Aroclor No. 5460 is dissolved in an equal weight of Mineral Spirits #10 to give a 50% solution. The resins can be cut into the solvents in a churn, gum cutter, or high speed agitator. Conventional equipment may be used for the preparation of these sealers. For a pebble mill, charge first with the following ingredients: Pounds Pliolite S-5A (33-1/3% solution) Aroclor No. 5460 (50% solution) Mineral Spirits #10 Ponolith LRT42 TiCal R-60 Ti Pure R-610 Asbestine 3X Mineralite 3X Soya Lecithin Aluminum Stearate, Tech. D Chlorinated Paraffin (40%) 177.5 82.8 101.6 339.3 59.2 75.0 5.9 5.9 41.4 ' 11 - DSW 394224 STLCOPCB4101367 The grind time for each sealer on conventional equipment is approximately 24 hours, or until a North fineness of 6V2 >s achieved. After grinding, the mixtures are reduced with the balance of the ingredients: Pliolite S-5A (33 - 1/3 % solution) 192.1 lbs. Mineral Spirits #10 42.3 lbs. Test Methods and Data Pliolite S-5 wall sealers, formulated with milled resin, have been comparatively evaluated with better grade commercial alkyd and oleoresinous sealers. Gloss was tested with a Hunter Multipurpose Reflectometer at 60 angle and using the recommended techniques for low gloss finishes. The coatings were tested on impervious surfaces. Wet hiding was determined on Morest Charts using TT-P-141-B, method 411.2. To determine sagging, .003" wet films were cast on glass using a blade applicator. A cut approximately V4" wide was scratched through the wet film exposing the glass. The panels were placed in a vertical posi tion. Sagging was measured by the movement of the bead in millimeters. Hold-out was checked by coating 6" x 12" asbestosite panels with the various finishes after priming with the sealers. Absence of low spots indicated good hold-out. Lifting was checked at the same time and in the same manner. Lap time was established by partially coating asbestosite panels with a freshly wetted brush, and ob serving the time for lapping to occur. Drying time was determined on glass with .0015" wet films, using TT-P-141-B, method 406.1. Brushing characteristics were evaluated in practical applications and by Stormer viscosity readings. The results of the tests are presented in the following table. COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF PLIOLITE S-5 (Formulation S-103-106) WALL SEALER S-103-106 Commercial Oleoresinous Sealer Commercial Alkyd Sealer Krebs Units (at 77F) Weight/gallon, lbs. North fineness Gloss (60 Spectra) Wet Hiding, sq. ft. Sagging, mm. Hold Out Oleoresinous enamel Alkyd enamel Pliolite S-5 enamel Semi-gloss wall paint Deep tone flat wall paint Lap time Drying Time Dust free Set to touch Tack free Dry through Lifting Oleoresinous enamel Alkyd enamel Pliolite S-5 enamel Semi-gloss wall paint Deep tone flat wall paint Brushing 74 11.23 6V2 65.3 160 4 Good Good Good Good Good 2 min. 17 min. 20 min. 48 min. 3 hrs. None None None None None Good 100 11.3 5V2 91.0 151 4 Good Good Good Good Good 3 min. 25 min. 25 min. I'/l hrs. 6V2 hrs. None None None None None Good . 74 10.7 61/! 12.8 139 4 Good Good Good Good Good 2 min. 17 min. 20 min. 5 hrs. 5V2 hrs. None None None None None Good DSW 394225 STLCOPCB4101368 TRAFFIC PAINT Paints prepared from the formulation described in the following are applied at the rate of 16-18 gallons per mile as a 4-inch strip. Outstanding properties include rapid drying, long wear, durability to sunlight and abrasion, excellent wetting and penetration through dirt or foreign matter, and resistance to alkalinity of the concrete. The formulation suggested for the vehicle is: Traffic Paint Vehicle Pliolite S-5 "B" AROCLOR 5460 AROCLOR 1254 or 1248 Toluene Mineral Spirits Parts by Weight 250 130 120 340 340 Procedure: Appearance: Cold-cut in agitator tank or pebble mill. Time 1 to 2 hrs. Cloudy liquid -- clear film. Ready-to-use White Traffic Paint Titanium Dioxide Anatase Calcite Whiting, Low Oil, 5-15 microns Diatomaceous Silica Aluminum Stearate, Di-Acid Lecithin Vehicle (Traffic Paint Vehicle) Toluene 1180 Parts by Weight 200 180 100 8 8 590 108 Grind: 2 to 3 Pebble or Roller Ready-to-use Yellow Traffic Paint Medium Chrome Yellow, C.P. Titanium Dioxide, Anatase Calcite Whiting, Low Oil, 5-1-5 microns Diatomaceous Silica Aluminum Stearate, Di-Acid Lecithin Vehicle (Traffic Paint Vehicle) Toluene Mineral Spirits, Regular Paint Grade 1194 Parts by Weight 330 65 80 140 10 8 590 133 25 Grind: 2 to 3 Pebble or Roller 1381 - 13 - DSW 394226 STLCOPCB4101369 CONCRETE FLOOR ENAMELS The prime requisites for a satisfactory concrete floor enamel include alkali and water resistance, good ad' hesion, good resistance to abrasion and sufficient hardness to resist marring as well as grinding in of dirt and grit. Pigmented bases of Pliolite S-5 resins are available in a variety of colors to be used where grinding equip' ment for making the bases is not available. The following formulations make use of a number of these bases which are initially prepared by plastic milling. The pigmented bases should be evaluated, especially for use in gloss finishes. Although the following enamels are intended primarily for use on concrete floors, they are also suggested as formulations for general use on concrete, brick and plaster wall surfaces. Ingredients Pliolite S'5 Base 13A................ Pliolite S-5 Base 38................... Pliolite S'5 Base 41A................ Pliolite S'5 Base 64................... Aroclor 1254............................... Drying Oil*................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha. Petroleum Thinner..................... Yellow Orange Percent by Weight 20.00 -- 25.00 -- 1.80 0.90 26.15 26.15 23.68 2.79 16.71 4.18 1.78 0.90 25.00 25.00 Total. Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base 1A............... Pliolite S-5 Base 13A................ Pliolite S'5 Base 17................... Pliolite S-5 Base 64................... Aroclor 1254............................... Drying Oil*................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha. Petroleum Thinner..................... Total. Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base 1A................. Pliolite S-5 Base 13A................ Pliolite S'5 Base 38................... Pliolite S-5 Base 39C................ Pliolite Base 46C....................... Pliolite Base 46C....................... Aroclor 1254............................... Drying Oil*................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha. Petroleum Thinner..................... Total............. *Raw tung oil, perilla or pale grinding linseed oil. 100.00 100.00 Chinese Red Dark Blue Percent by Weight -- 21.40 -- 26.30 1.54 0.76 25.00 25.00 3.00 21.50 21.50 -- 2.65 1.35 25.00 25.00 100.00 ' 100.00 Green Light Gray Percent by Weight 1.20 20.45 -- 20.21 -- 0.12 2.42 1.20 27.20 27.20 22.25 18.11 0.65 0.28 0.32 -- 1.46 0.73 28.10 28.10 100.00 100.00 ' 14' DSW 394227 STLCOPCB4101370 Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base 7C.................. Pliolite S'5 Base 13A................ Pliolite S'5 Base 38................... Pliolite S'5 Base 46C................ Aroclor 1254................................ Drying Oil*................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha. Petroleum Thinner..................... Total. Brown Black Percent by Weight 5.19 11.83 29.45 0.11 1.89 0.95 25.29 25.29 26.28 15.76 1.84 0.92 27.60 27.60 100.00 100.00 Ingredients Pliolite S-5 Base 1A.................. Pliolite S-5 Base 7C.................. Pliolite S-5 Base 13A................ Pliolite So Base 38................... Pliolite S-5 Base 39C................ Pliolite So Base 46C................ Aroclor 1254............................... Drying Oil*................................. High Flash Aromatic Naphtha. Petroleum Thinner..................... Total. Battleship Gray Silver Gray Percent by Weight 22.50 0.24 20.52 0.85 0.96 1.69 0.84 26.20 26.20 23.940 21.840 1.191 0.029 0.153 1.770 0.885 25.096 25.096 100.00 100.000 The above concrete enamels represent only a few of the colors attainable in Pliolite S'5 Base paints. Paint manufacturers may have their own ideas for arriving at the color desired and may wish to consult Goodyear for additional information about colors. These paints are considered to have satisfactory ultraviolet light resistance and results of extensive dura' bility tests indicate that they compare favorably with oleoresinous concrete enamels. If the paint manufacturer wishes to begin formulation from the resin rather than the paint base, concrete floor enamels can be made using the normal technique for roller and pebble mills. The same formulations as given for the paint bases can be used with the exception that lower PVC is required to maintain the same level of gloss. Adequate gloss and durability characteristics can ordinarily be obtained if the PVC is main tained between 2023%. DRYING RATE OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZED PLIOLITE S-5 FORMULATIONS Many of the Aroclor plasticized Pliolite S'5 enamels dry tack free in less than one hour. However, in common with other paint materials these enamels require several days to reach maximum hardness. Since drying and the development of hardness, in the case of these paints, are due only to solvent removal, force drying at elevated temperatures to accelerate the rate of solvent removal increases drying to a marked degree. The rate of drying, especially to the tack free condition, can be varied in accordance with the evapora tion rate of selected solvents. The drying rate of the enamels increases with increased pigment and filler con tent. - 15 - DSW 394228 STLCOPCB4101371 Drying oils added to the enamels increase the time required to attain maximum hardness. The incorpora' tion of Aroclor plasticizers tends to reduce the time required for maximum hardness to develop. COMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS PLASTICIZERS AND MODIFYING AGENTS IN PLIOLITE S-5 PAINTS C -- Clear film; complete compatibility H -- Hazy film I -- Cloudy film; incompatible Material Drying Oils "Drisoy "A"................................................. "Drisoy "B".................................................. "Kel X'L....................................................... Linseed, high acid..................................... Linseed, neutral......................................... "Diamond K Linseed.................................. Oiticica......................................................... Perilla........................................................... Soya, alkali refined................................... 7Thermolized Tung..................................... Tung, raw................................................... Chemical Plasticizers AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls (all grades). Chlorinated paraffin.................................. Diamyl naphthalene........ .......................... Dibutyl phthalate....................................... Dioctyl phthalate....................................... 9Hercolyn...................................................... 8Kapsol.......................................................... 8Kronisol........................................................ 8KP-23........................................................... 8Methox......................................................... MONSANTO'S SANTICIZER B-16.... Tricresyl phosphate.................................... Resins AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls (all grades).. 2Cumar (all grades)................................... 10Duraplex AL-210'L................................... 4Durex No. 220.......................................... Ester gum................................................. Limed rosin.................................................. 5Pentalyn A.................................................. 5Pentalyn G................................................. 5Pentalyn M.................................................. 5Pentalyn X................................................... Polystyrene................................................... Rosin............................................................. 5Staybelite Ester No. 10............................. 6Zinar............................................................. 6Zirex............................................................ 5:100 si. H si. H si. H C C H C C I si. H C C C C C C C C C c c c c c c H c c c c c si. H c I c c c c Ratio to Pliolite S-5 Resin 10:100 25:100 50:10 HI HI HI CH CH I-- HH H 'I -- -- HI cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc -- ____ I I ____ I -- ____ ____ H c c c c c c c c c c c c c ccc ccc HI cc c cc c c c H c H c c c si. H HI cI c cc c cc C I-- c cc ' 16' DSW 394229 STLCOPCB4101372 Material Varnishes Linseed-Cumar, I2V2 gal.......................................... Linseed-Cumar, 25 gal.................................... .......... Linseed-Amberol ST-137, 121/2 gal............... ......... Miscellaneous Acrylic resins..................................................... ........ Alkyd resins....................................................... ........ Buna-N, synthetic rubber................................ ........ Cellulose Nitrate............................................... ......... Coumarone-indene oils and resins.................. ........ Gilsonite.............................................................. ......... 6Gloss Oil N-Glo-5y......................................... .......... 10Gloss Oil............................................................ ......... GR-S, synthetic rubber.................................... ........ 'Lecithin Yelkin TTS........................................ ......... Maleic resins...................................................... Phenolic resins................................................... ......... 9Piccolastic B 100.............................................. ......... Polyvinylchloride......................................................... Rosin Oil........................................................... ......... 5:100 c c c Ratio to Pliolite S-5 Resin 10:100 25:100 Cc C1 C1 50:100 C -- -- 1 ------ Alkyd resins as a class are not compatible. 1 -- -- -- 1 ------ cCCC I ------ ccH r c cCH HHHH H I ---- -- not compatible. Phenolic resins as a class are of limited compatibility. C CC C I -- ---- C CC C SUPPLIERS 1American Lecithin Company, Inc. 2Barrett Division, Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation 4Dures Plastics and Chemicals, Inc. 5Hercules Powder Company 6Newport Industries, Inc, 70'Brien Varnish Company 8Ohio'Apex, Inc. Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp. 10The Resinous Products and Chemical Company 11Spencer Kellogg and Sons, Inc. USES FOR PLIOLITE-AROCLOR COATINGS The principal applications for Pliolite S-5 paints plasticized with Aroclors are coatings for metal, con crete, brick and masonry surfaces requiring resistance to acids, alkalies, water and other corrosive influences. These coatings are suggested for use as concrete floor paints, architectural finishes, metal primers and fin ishes, oil and grease-resistant coatings, baking primers, corrosion-resistant industrial finishes. Aroclors have a pronounced plasticizing action on Pliolite S-5 imparting flexibility to the paint coatings and increasing their service life. The formulations of Aroclors and Pliolite S-5 along with their suggested uses, as given in this report, are in line with good commercial practice. Much of the information given was obtained from other firms, par ticularly Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Chemical Division, Akron, Ohio. The data given is to serve as a guide or starting point in the development of formulations to take advantage of the outstanding qualities of Aroclors as plasticizers and resins for Pliolite S-5 paints. - 17 - DSW 394230 STLCOPCB4101373 Atlanta Boston Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Detroit Los Angeles New York San Francisco St. Louis Monsanto Canada Ltd. Montreal Toronto REPRESENTATIVES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE WORLD. Monsanto ___ M__ For further information about Aroclors in Formulating High Styrene Copolymor Surface Coatings contact the nearest Monsanto office. . DSW 394231 STLCOPCB4101374