Document 5LraMkx6bpRpJ9zjzz9GYVra8

Industrial Hygiene Digest (Ind. Hygiene Foundation) (Initial & Forward) T. Lyle-geglott-r"**?^ $ TT I fif ^ft^m.LT 1 2. C.^ames v INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FUTH A7XKUX PI7TSSU10H, FA. 8S PLAINTIFFS I4 EXHIBIT Vol. 5. FOUNDATION FACTS Ma7. 1943 PtuAfetiort ^aeta i ntftiy wwt.iatt*f <uw.4 t encrna holding ntmfcariAia in fMuatH( Hy0(A ^aui<atian- T)i# ^oundatisn i* mbin<l ftaaarch and *rvie t* protnt tha Kaith f warkarv in >nwati>y. So. 5. Some Facts and figures oa Absenteeism Aa OKL surrey find* that "plantHLtfcDut systematic plana for reducing the causes Gfabsenteei hate nearly twiq^^feajpBte of job absences as those which such pTOgdrau.* As the FOuniationJJas^Kelated for years (before absenteeism beadliner^e^flrsVefte. la redueEgSiost time is to keep adequate records your ahsoncaev 'Aaotha^ls^GMtNJi?6t-measure la the plant hygiene It is no aore^cffa^blahealthful noddng; conditions vrithoi surreyk than it^^to quality of a product without pertodib^jHbpectioas. To combat sick draealigeijHteg the facts os abjencee, through aofipoifrjtocards> and cn healthful workln^^si^fos^^W^ugh plant hygiene surreys. -Otaic^se, systematic procedure is l^ba^^i^ta'Tor^^A^it-or-Qiss nathods. anj^pmT irfl fliiroi. one camber company rytf^tS^ae oiKWleBce for a group cd^i&^SScers for the first half of ApTLgy&g&voxkdays ^d*t freSLCjckcauses -- 190^^woeiwioss and non-industrial injuria^ 6Sn&Q* personal jmsea^w&lS days fnqRi&ftu&es. ' A *ibrualoeis rates of Mestingbouse Electric h Ken; campaign craoog it# employees Samoa has mads I-ray tuberculosis,, *g XS>ii ".sli&htly i.wro than oj ury 100 person * Sed Cros#^ Loels The- alert Medical Department' been directing a health education ition*. Meanwhile, the Public Health, of a million persons for r*Hn war industries. Results shew that hate significs&t tuberculosis." on the Foundation's rei _ Blood Banks for Var sent to Members recently, the Blood. Donor Semes Sed Croee wxltaet .Again, sa^^SCpreM^r own appreciation end entire Service ftr 'the great help yoo^n^beeh^^us in accismlating for your Koiber oenpenies* Thoughtful support sucn'si))thi3 is going to do to insure the success of rtat X think we all agraffe a terfawhile project." ' '' ' ***&&*; Amroa! Meeting Mbtes tqmH surprised to IttflTO &e$iia 25 per cent labor turnover was TeigiTi tM Un .UWusi i ni l i Tlml fumes of e poiac*i5u#^ solvent*.. ..*It has- bees ourr.feeXlBctib>^.i^mt:.QaB satisfactorily control the use',^/^trlais is the plant, oi then prottF.ttmtreostxol la satisfactory by periodic pfiyj&'cal enninations, we will net have eases of* ceoapatlonai disease develop* It has proved to be such ever the years."..."21 too fhe^jently, tha first knowledge the oedical or safety deport ment has of a new pzoceasK-'aachlna or material;!# wbas.it Is in operation* Forethought will preevent dangerous posare. The cost is fbr placing. makeshift safeguards or exhaust eqyrfflsenfron emactetav after it la in. use**. __ ' ' '' : ` Hew Bockr"- TeeeiifTsti nf Industrial Swlth, by- Dr. C.G* Sappiagton, on out standing woxfc* has jyst.^een^gubXtehed by X,. B..lippfncett Go., Philadelphia* >-*^**>' -- - - V --t*: * .v ;4 Tmu.tw. -343. TH. 3. Industrial Sygieae Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. prousma^pogm digest iratwre and News 404 ir in Industry beet and newest Du Pont color expert, colors on all industrl _ The national production ner with remarkable result tools painted in oarnij emphasize danger poia scientific colorJrttfam and major war Worked out improve soesEn\^Kltlons in Indus ery ha^<grtxpb to be light gray and stipflf*$s4fa brown, while walls are ping," according to R.A. Messer, ally developed use of bright paint s, including even floors end machines." bribed as going technicolor in this nan . is row upon row of machine re touches of brilliant red to s already display the new arsenals, naval shore stations Du Pont research program to favored color scheme for aachinoors often are painted white, high light-reflecting odors. Warning Bulletin. -- Snidcaic Keratj&DcBj statement has been prepared jointly by te$y^te^>S< Sethcsda, Maryland and the Committee on Indugtdal Medical Association, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, II: all physicians. is Public health Service, ilmology of the American lis, for distribution to 406 Absent Treatment. Two ingenious methods of combatting the growing abd$tee problms have been davised by the New Britain (Connecticut) Machine Compady^ld the Bell Aircraft Company, Buffalo, N. 7. The former awards a weekly "Hj^nr Plaque" inscribed with a swastika, to ths deparment with the poorest records?) The latter desig nates workers absent without pozmission as "AKOL," and replaces their time cards with "AWOL" cards. The foreman* s approval is required before regular cards nay be restored. -- Forbos Mag., 31, (March, 1943) 40? Wftytiw Vacations. A statonent by Chairmen Donald M. Nelson of ths War Production Board on the sub ject of vacations says in part: "I believe that the granting of vacations to industrial workers this year will be helpful to war production. Experience has shown that the volume of production Is increased if the workers can restcro their energies through periods of physical and mental rest, change and relaxation. After a brief vacation a worker should be in better shape-to contribute to the Industrial Hygiene Digest 2 Increased effort which our war program makes necessary. But It must be realized that our war production goals this year are nearly twice the size of last year's. Wartime vacations must be planned 30 as to avoid interruption of working sched ules. Management and labor can and should plan the release of workers for vaca tions by working ahead in some departments, by arranging for staggered vaction schedules, by training subetitutes and, where necessary, by working additional overtime." 408 urogenous organ blood forming organs, the nervous system tu tumors, special aspee neoplasia to theories poets. Tho excellent bibli _ have received W^ttfention in th work will. enable reference W.C. Hueper. np. (1942) ttaors qnjRtheir relation to occupaofTOUKlocatlon with eight ^The fourteen chapters Mfrore, tumors of the skin and anears of the rosplratory system, and neoplastle diseases of the tumors of tho aye and its adnexae, malignant growths, sex organ . the relation of occupational medicolegal and public health asliterature has been thorough and section* Occupational tumors erature than in American. thl3 trial physicians. 409 Occupational Diseases. Pneuaoaonioais Contracted bv^nploynent in Oypsxm Mine. As Creating Liability Within Statute and Not Negllgtoa* Statute of Limitations. The defendant appeals from a judgaent in an action to'^^se^var for injuries s--f- fered by the plaintiff while in its employ. ?lalntlfg^kd worked in the defendant's gypsia mine, for sixteen years, as a "loadar^igg^driller." the drifts and headings where he worked were constantly filled-With clouds of i-s* caused by the pulverization of rock by drills and othsr machinery; and being forced to breathe such afcnoapherea, he suffered a disease of the lungs, icown t% pneumoconiosis, which was the injury for which he sued. The defendant had 3et up a large fan at the mouth of the mine, desired to blow the dust out of the galleries and headings, but according to tho testimony of the plaintiff* 3 wit nesses, it did not do so. Tho action was brought five years after the plain tiff left years the th# defendant's aployment. period of limitation for "an The New York Practice Act action to recover damages mfoarke*s three persons! Injury, resulting from, negligence"; end sub. 2 of See. 48 mskes sir years tbe period for "an action to recover upon a liability created by statute Industrial fyglrae Digest - 3 except a penalty<x forfeiture*" The statute provides that "an air current sufficient to move smoke and noxious gases and to insure the safety of every employee shall be conducted along every passageway and wording place." Air, m"Ji,e\e<d with the dust of powdered rock, is within this language. The Mew York Laoor Daw required "all machinery c_ reating du_st_ o__r i_m__p_u__ri_t_ie_s" to_"be_ equipped with proper hoods and pipes connected to an exhaust fan of sufficient * * * rp,ower to remove such dust"; and that "suction devices shall be provided which shall remove * * * impurities *** by means^jf proper hoods connected to conduits and exhaust fans." The court held tJ4rtSjMe enactments were for the benefit of tho^^eoployees who night be ex^osm to the danger of breathing dust, and .... a *iiability^iithirtisub. 2 of Sec. 48 of th* Civil Practj _ Ipport to a finding that the Aployor Should have: i.e., been guilty of 'fee^llMri caused by breathing dust for sixtedSiam and how ne in the last year, wore indeed debd^aMj* but no one ^people must deny all connectioa/WWj?? thorn. The ` find that during the yeajo in Negation he had suffer- affiimed. Storneilije^BX-S. Gypsum Co., C.S.C.C.A. k3. (CCH)T^ --------- 410 Plaintiff appeals _ in as Being Pinal and Conclusive. the conlssioner* s award denying plaintiff compensation, by defendant in the removal of bulk csent from box c ticed a breaking out on his skin, which spread over his body, quit work. Doctors diagnosed his con ditioa as canent dezaat s venenata. Plaintiff filed applica- tlon for adjusmnent o Daws Supp. 1940, . . the h^ffational disease amendment (Comp. , Sthp Ann. 1942 Cum. Supp. Sc. 17.220 et seq.) He alia, he was stiffening fwarteematitis venenata, a disease re- suiting fn ure of his ampldypent,^^X-|rhich ismhedulod as on occupa* tlonal ^A'A medical ccBomsadisss3iSidtivk^^w*thko a&e&l&ad plaintiff, about 9 months afte5H<St?suwrwork, found that plaintiff*- Ich is not compensable under^t'hqp, from dermatitis herpetifendants contend that plain- fc suffering from the some diseas _ 1940, when he was oblig- quit work, until the hearing October^ hat the report of the idical commission, who examined him in " ' nal and conclusive, The report of the medical comission conclusive only is to plaintiff* s condition when the commission examined hlstS/Tho departeent erred in determining* in effect, that the report of the srfeal commission was, as a matter of law* final and conclusive as to plaintftg^i condition during the en tire period from 1940 to 1941. The department*border is vacated and set aslda, and the ease is remanded. w*iiraw v.. Ipaan* ^wj^rwgtion Company et al. Uich. SupTAe Ct. Deeidad April 6, 1943. (CCHTT r@) 411 Suffocation by Oaa Causing Death of Miner. KotltS^ef Motion for Judg ment Falling to Show Remedy under act. Plaintiff filed in the court below a notice of motion for judgaant, seeking to recover damages for the wrongful death of plaintiff* s deeedont. She alleged that the defendant owed its employees the duty of furnishing thsm a reasonably safe place in which to work, and to that end should have installed in the mine where deeedont worked the necessary devices to ventilate it properly. The defendant filed a demurrer to the notice of motion for jud^ent alloging that by virtue of the provisions of the Vortaaon** Compensation Act ths lowwr court was deprived of jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the suit. To a judgaeat^ sustaining a demurrer plaintiff obtained this writ of error. The plaintif- s contention is that the notice of motion shows on its face that her cause or Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4 action Is act compensable under the Vtorfcaea's Compensation Act and that nance she has the right to pursue her actios at law. Since the notice of motion does not affirmatively show on its face that the lower court has been deprived of jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the suit by the provisions of the tforfc- aen's Compensation Act, as alleged in the demurrer, the demurrer should have been overruled* Whether plaintiff has a good cause of action at law or whether the matter is governed by the Workmen's CC<ompensation Act will depond upon the appli- cation of the principles stated, to tha facts and circumstances to be developed at the hearing. All that has been 'ded is that the plaintiff's notice of motion for judgment does not sh face that her rmnedy is under the Wo: me&^'Compensation Act and is ~ the ji present common-law action. ?or tJ a reversed and the case remanded ?o: proc )Rever* remanded. A__is__tr_o_p__v_._ Blud Diamond Co Inc. ipr< Decided March 3, 1943."TCCH). 412 Dlaabili1 Bhroloyaent Inhalation of Carbon Monoxide. htion Between This otion in which plaintiff semght^Mdgaient on the ground of dis! against TravalersJwSamnes Company and plain- royeri f no cause and of action by the dofen- .nterposed tlve demendc^fiBL attained, and the alternative dismissed. ey, a deelor in automobiles, in the parts daparto t his disability was due to in- haling ftnes from the 'a ires being tostod and repaired in lame- dlate proximity to the establishment in which plaintiff per- formed his duties; that i ation of carbon monoxide and other fumes and gases from the a t brought about plaintiff's collapse, An attempt was made aintlff that he suffered from a dis- ease tf the spinal was located, his doctors accepted the possibility^! x^jpsmia as cause of'/th* disease, and since a toxic condi- tlon fitted JknyiTO? the theory of car^pn e poisoning, they inclined to a correlJ|g$i?artaa aonoxldo wits^tta dl The testimony on the part of th^WettfW attributes plaintiff' e^apaditiO nerve disease of the spinal 37Vm ^Pfixee the cause as infectioff<?\Sg5ir nating the toxic effects >n monoxide, since no evidence was apparent upon axam- :on. Any relation between plaintiff9 iy&4 d the disability from .ch he is suffering remain solely a possl there was a clear duty and burden upon plaintiff to establish a doflMSto^ca vfralation between his employment and his disability, in the assumptiono$ whlSnduty and burden he has failed and since this point is finally decisive o^Bho case, plaintiff's demands were properly rejected. Judgment affirmed. Gardner v. Travelers Insurance Company et al* La# Court of Appoal. 2nd Circuit* OScldadAarch1. 1943. ices;. 413 Death from Carbon-Tetrachloride Used as Cleaning Fluid, jgbllancc Upon Contri butions for Bbusehold Expenses as Establishing Partial Pt^alency" Schweitzer died from poisoning from carbon-tetrachloride wSeh was being used as a cleaning solvent while he was employed on the yacht of appellant, Wendo. Decedent, 18 years of age, and received $90 a month and "found," amounting to $90 per month* Until his aaploymoat on the yaoht, he had been living at home with his father and mother. All the children who wore able to do so contributed to a common family pool which was expended by the mother to cover all expendi tures# The decadent contributed approximately $101 to the family budget; all his contributions were expended by the mother for the table or for the purchase of things for the tame. While employed on the yacht, docedent lived aboard it. An award was made to decedent's parents as partial dependants# Suit was brought to enjoin enforcement of the award, from on order denying the injunction, Iaiuatrici Hygiene Digest 5 appellants appeal. There was substantial evidence to support appellee's finding of such dependency, taking Into account the ages of the father and nether, the earnings of the father and of the other children and the fact that decedent had been contributing to the parents more than what he cost then. Par ents are dependent if their own resources are not sufficient to support then, cren if they receive help from their other children. The test is whether his contribution was in whole or in part a scons of maintaining then in the Banner in which they had been living and whether they looked forward to and relied upon the- continuance of decedent's cont .tions to that end. Affirmed. Weade, etal v. McM&nlgal, et al. 7^/ 2nd Ctr. Decided April 30, 19437 (002) 414 ewakl. Arch. f. Gewer- ). (Gossan). \*oconiosia" than those re* >rtod in tho March , 271). It included 125 workers at tho frankfort 3rd whoa 96 were directly exposed, Clinical examinations inflaamatory respiratory dis* orders, especially repo , sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal distur ns observed between symptoms end duration of exposing that onset had occurred v/ithin the last two yoars^s^Sl)* rodjgsetatic^eats and lung function tests were inconclusive, Z^MA^p&inatloihar^ks-Thsohwowedd "4flgtvi.fi gant" changes in 39, "marked* chan- ges in 17, J^ffi^^yjioped" in 4 oiRt. "inbfc in 3, out of the 125 subjects, Most of th^4^ai5p^^ficant', cases an4>,%l t ers had had exposure of 1 to 20 years>r-^L\a2al signs did not co ^ irity with radiographical appear- >nly a few cases were prolo oad bronchitis rales noted. Trcpancy between these results .ngSC^agh incidence (19.2# conclu- 31,2$ significant) of "aluninm egativt findings reported y earlier investigations is explained oa^ho\ibasl an alteration in tho pro cess during the last two years, involving \bfcrprod of a greater amount of dust, the particles of which aro much finer ondpare _ ngcr protected by a film of al\ainva stearate caused by the formerT&totion of stearlne during the stamping process* (Also, as pointed out in Absfnjrt No. 270, March Digest, blackout conditions greatly reduce ventilation ah^c$?respondlngly increase dustlnoss,) 415 Danger to the Lungs from 2.7. Jootten Eickhoff. Hyg. k Baktw 1277 344-367 11942H Tho authors revlow the literature on "alu&inosls" with special reference to the material covered in the preceding abstract and Nos. 269*272 (March Digest). A survey of the earlier litorature emphasizes the difference between "aliclncsls" and silicosis. The former is characterized by the symptoms of bronchial catarrh, inflammatory cell proliferation, and x-ray evidence of diffuse fine stippling, but no fibrosis, as demonstrated by Joetten and by Shri.taann in 1939 in animal experiments in an ateiosphere containing 50*100 og* of aluslnui bronze dust per cubic meter of air. There were no significant pathologies! changes. Sbv/evcr, Goralewsld has revealed a high incidence of symptoms of respiratory and gastro intestinal disturbance among alvs&isum workers* Clinical findings were slight an comparison with /the severity of subjective symptoms, which also have so relation Industrial Hygiene Digest - $ to the duration of work* The reasons for the increase are given as in the preceding abstract. The authors adrocate a chemical theory somewhat similar to that of Hoelsch (Abstract No* 272, March Digest). 415 Tho Isolation of B. Anthracia From Industrial Material, with Special Hefercacd to the Resistance of the Spore3 of Heat. S.5Z-Jones. J, Path, & Bact., 54. 307-314 (July, 1942). . -- Tho author describes the isolation of Bacillus anthraci3 from industrial uator- ial and mokos special reference to l^rfjpcsi stance of the sporos to heat. He shows ^uito clearly that of threa-^saT^ tested, spore suspensions showed a diminution of the viable count aexposure to a temperature of 80C. for. shortest period ofJtime as tatf^Anutes. Ho quotes tho investigation of of bo U.j ^oea earriag out at 80C. and all rmRLti^Were negatlv in which the material was heate&r^vJ^C; for five Eolations of Bacillus anthracis werejttMkqjftfvorified by e method of demonstrating capsule* oKj^ertrue anthrax bacillus by t of a broth suspension to rac$?vwo or three drops of ,ve boon added, and steinate f^&BS with polychrome act as being useful^ra^mways to be used la con- 417 P. Hoessing* Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u* Gem ember 31, 1941) (German), A review of the litem nisg with special reference to liver injury leads to the concl __ liver is frequently affected, but that the nature of the injury Cikic^l, pathological and histological inves- tlgatlons have stewn ity-.-di^cute poisoning, injury of the roti- culo-endothelial sys r , nation ohd^ecrosis of the liver colls, various stages of acute y phy; i-n^rkronid^^il^oning, disappearance of glycogen, fatty InflltraiU^V^Bil necrosis,' roperatj regenerative changes, conges- tion of tli*/^Ie^p(?tsl periportal hypoxias! rom these findings it seems unlikely ^MVTpie cirrhosis is a resi ` poisonings. In most of thA^^oes reported, arsenic has not -wei agent; also lnvol7od nicotine, lead, copper, carl and intestinal distur- Animal experiments are not entire! nee in many animals t liver injury, such as coccidi03is in' a predisposition to erimental lesions by toxic agents. Cirrhoi r is considered essentially a chronic progressive hepatitis, iver calls and pro duced by toxic agonts, in mall doses over long typical case of cirrhosis, caused by a combination of factors, wlt2P5B**&l< and lead predominat- lag, is that of a worker engaged in the manufacture lead and calcium arsenate, with some exposure also to dinitro-ortho-crosol. He d^tiLopod symptoms which were first diagnosed as load poisoning, later os clrrhos^*ith ascites. The opinion that arsenic was tho chief toxic agent was based presence of melanosis, hyperkeratosis, Intestinal symptoms and a greatiy^thcreased content of arsenic in the hair, lead, and to a slighter degree, din3^ro-ortho-cresoi were considered contributory factors. The author believes that ths combined cumulative afreet of several to3d,e agents on the liver Is greater than that of any single agent and that arsenic alone, ospeelally in the cirrhosis often found in wine dressers, cannot be considered a primary cirrhosis-producing agent. 418 Tho Toxicity of Beryllium. ?. Hyslop, L.T. Pairhall and others. Bull. No. 131, 'National Institute of Health, tf.S. Public Health Service, 56 pp. (1945). Bor sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D. C. IS cents. The increased production and use of beryllium in industry has caused concern . about exposure of worta&an to dust and fuses arising from ths processing of this Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 metal. '"The purpose of the investigation," as stated in the introduction, "'was to measure and define the toxicity of beryllium and to indicate, so far as is feasible by anlmel experiments, the magnum permissible concentration of dust or fumes from the metal or its compounds which workmen should be pemitted to breathe. * Animal experiments were made in which a nuaber of 'oerylliw compounds at various concentration were injected lntraperitoneally into guinea pigs; beryllium compounds were administered orally to both young rats and guinea pigs, and finally guinea pigs were exposed to. the dust of these compounds in high con centrations and over long intervals gCkine with no indication that berylliaa is inherently toxic. Exposure of gtffilapyfea and rats to the fuses arising from thereletttrolysis molten fl^orio^^containing berylliim fluoride or oxyfl show^^hat-, thes boryli^ 53 are 7 toxic. There was very little stoi and tissues of the experimental ing. ' to li whether by mouth, by inhalation toneal lyliiui was found to be stored in tJ the kidney e in the bono tissue. No signify globin val nor any evidence of polycytha&wJflTother dyscrasia. Certain fcich hydralyxe easily, smu ta fluoride and sul- fate eff< the sld.n, but thig^mgCMras absent in the case of^^^SALtral salt * riitaat berylllut is absorbed ofiEr slightly la t _ ft mainly in the feces. The absorption of berylli is also vary slight. None of the beryllium compoun appreciably by sena, while the greatest dilution at protein occurs is one part of barylliua nitrate to 50 o the relative toxicitles of beryllium, ma^eslta, and injection showed beryllim to be least and zinc most as x-ray examination of the tissues of animals e indication of rickets and no consistent pathoXpgj(Si) c the beryllii* was given and by whatever actbodrf^Sjwo no established for berylll'mi, it appears ttt|6 *?ever toxicity to occur with the beryllium salts is^ANg^tae toxicity of the acl2P/ra< . as the fluoride or oxy- fluottk&Sj^ to an objectionable condi$$ptf^ out by the hydrolysis of its salts, such as the chloridd) No safe permissible standards should be based on bery itsol^i salth Aspects of Flboralas Materials. ng '^^teglas Corp. Toledo,0. Pamphlet, S ppV (1943). This publication presents answers to questions w^^diaivi e arisen concerning tic possibility of health hazards in connection with tne^Jjanufacture *&d handling of ?1barglee. It Is based largely upon invostigatibv-'sonducted to? or *cr *- Owena-Coraing Flberglas Corporation. Tests mads by DiS^P* Gardner of the Trudeau Foundation have demonstrated that Flberglas has^lj^rlnjurlous effect upon the lungs* W.J. Siobert conducted investigations wtfih?include: an ex haustive study of world medical literature for references ^possible health hazards in the handling of Flberglas; observations and dust counts in the Newer*, Ohio, factories; examination of several hundred stereoscopic x-ray plates :f chests of sployees in the same plants* His conclusion is that there is nc sili cosis, fibrosis or dust hazard connocted with working with Flberglas* In gener al cgroent with this opinion are the Chief of the Bureau of Industrial Hygier) of the National Institute of Health, and the Aetna Casualty and Insurance Co., which underwrites insurance covering any ill effects upon the health of Owons- Coming oployees caused by the dung of Flberglas products. Effects on skin ere made a subject of investigation because of a mechanical irritation cf the skin sometime# experienced by newly employed workers* This effect comprised a phaso of Dr* Siebert's investigation. Be siacarize* his conclusions as f;i.re- Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 "The author believes the following generalization is warranted by the evidence: Contact with glass wool may cause ephemeral discomfort among workers inexper ienced In handling the material. The skin irritation, however, cannot be re garded as a progressive dermatitis, for it is pon-toxic, and usually disappears in a few days. In extremely rare instances, where a worker may be predisposed to secondary effects of mechanical skin irritation because of idiosyncrasy allergy or tho presence of foci of infection elsewhere in his body and otherwise dissociated from the effects of mechanical irritation, lesions may persist. But theso cases are encountered with s^mfrarity that they do not justify iacrisic-. ^ia^Slass fiber as a causati^^ic^T." Reports of investigations by Sul: border and Beer*, the Navy Depema^^t Bureau of Ships Bureau of Modicl: the U.S. Public Health Service do aas above. Wearing of protective cla^&hhd wetting agent are recoasnended. gener- given that, "No claim for workeM^oSJensation il discaso or disability re&^tmflrcrram an occupa- >buted to Piberglas". has evoK^darvclidatad in the Insuranco Company Nj^da w health of Piborglas . Three usos of ZttfSraH in surgery are daacrib- `hysical and ^edov^^rropertiea of Piberglas con- report upon request from the company. 420 Iron Dust Lung. Woeh*, 18-17, (January 2, 1942). [German). The author doscribos a ^ on of iron dust in tho lungs of on elec- tro-welder, mployed in on' Joists and plats rails for 10 years. Similar observations have bee: ^ elseti'^ti others; among 40 welders investigated looisch found 18 epos^tion^dt^ron in the lungs, three with changes similar to tbosoAodThilltfcsis Grhd_eS 1. \ - - QM with marked deposition. In tho author^nftw^x-ray examination widespread stippling of the lungs. except * which were coa^lOtol The shadows varied in size from a_ flfdirad to a lentil. A few cai^Efied were present in the hiius asturbance of health conf^rnebie tuberculous infection 'was d there was no history of former silica-containing d*ist. and fumes, containing particles of --di^d^d iron oxide, less than in diameter, arise from the welding s ^r^hae^s$r the alveoli, aro car- ried in the peribronchial and perivascular X..^ipa chahc^s and de.positod in the lymphoid nodules and glands, cne finest part:iciciqle.*?i pasax^^ough the alveolar walls into the interstitial tissue. Hoclsch fou&jM^% of iron oxide in the dust; if covered electrodes are used only 68-78% tTkoa ojd.de would be liberat ed, with up to 20% of silicic acid and a variable debugs of manganic oside. It is not loom whether such admixtures increase the dahgei^ The connective tissue of the lung is apparently capable of absorbing tfijspiroa oxLdo, eo that there is no progressive fibrosis, as in silicosis* Maseir%sW<ography will detect at least tho most marked lesions and will show the advlsab&ity of improvement in working conditions and the importance of medical supervision. 421 Systematic Investigation Dnat Lim^a. Part IT. Upon the Iron Content of the Workers in Dusty Trades. Together with a Consideration of the Reci procal gffect of tho Components of Dust Mixtures* G. Gorstel* Arch*f.Gewe?ce- path. u. Gewerbepath*, 10, 616-673 (June U, 1941). (German). Parts X, II and III of this investigation, published in earlier ambers of the Archiv, were concerned with an analysis of lungs for silicic add, aluninm _ oAda and titanim oxide respectively* Part IT relates to the iron content, .ho article consists of a very large number of tables and graphs of 1,000 chami :ai analyses which cannot be readily abstracted or reproduced, giving the iron con tent, etc., of the lungs obtained from 131 woxkers in various dusty trades, and coup.'irinc tho figures with those obtained for silica* Industrial %giena Digest - 9 422 The Possible Toadcity of Lead Alloys* I. Experiments an the Rat with Solder. G*R. Cowgill end S. Salomon. J. lad. Hyg, & Tox*~, 25, 31^39itfarcht 1943). The investigation reported was concerned with the effects of metallic lead and its alloys on animals, on which very little is ioiown* Young rats received 300 parts of lead per million of diet in the fozm of solder pellets containing 55*57^ of lead. They proved to he quite similar to the control grpup fed an identical diet but no lead, with resp^Jt to growth, concentration of blood hemo globin and the appearance of stlnni&^Mlls, and amount of lead stored in theu bo&m Rats fed an identical anrafo of lead in the fozm of lead acetate blbShP&hLl the^sual slgnd&tlesrpolsonlng and tholr carcasses cont* largd^Siupts e4*d vh))lherefore concluded that Ingested solde; coapoattiah^uaedijr^spMjiufor the young rat* 423 The Fossil Dead Alloys. Experiments on th Solder, E* Salomon J. tad* Hyg. &Tox* 25, h, 19437 Solder li en found non-toxic to retj receding abstract), but be relatively reals lead it was desirable itirity to lead^ ' early comparable to that Accord! used in tJ They were fed an artifi- citf diet with a lo :ii*N it, absorption of lead* One group of puppies was hous and the Intake of the diet was equalized. Tbs animals h respect to gains In body weight, con- centratlons of hsmoglob: blood, number of stippled cells, and polychromatic staining e: amount of lead present in the ontlre body as wall as in a rep On the basis of the data obtained the authors conclude that ' fozm of solder is only moderately absorbed by the wpZfr^SaEZ&ougJx extent than in rats. Kb signs cf lead poisoning^^SSiit elicited' s receiving such pellets. 424 Lead Pol 1942) of lead scrap in recovery Causes are carelessness, lacS^j Air analysis often show concentratl cu* a. With'adequate control those concept limits. The ineffectiveness of respirators is emphasized* 3; 3.9 (Decanter 31, nunfeer cf lead poisoa, and poor housekeep2*5 to 760 mgs. per brought within safe preventive measures 425 Danger of Lead Poisoning Through the Addition of Lead^Tetraettarl to Motor ?uel. H* VJaniok* Arch. f Gewarhenath. u. Oewcrfaehva.. Ha.~165-159 (December 31, 1941). (Geaaa)* The purpose of the article is to differentiate between leSj poisoning duo to tetraethyl and classical lead poisoning, though the authb^^mits that tha toxic action of tatraethyl is a function of its lead content* ideological symptoms, due to the fat-soluble effect of tetraethyl on centre! nervous tissue may be accompanied and even obscured by the more usual symptoms of lead poisoning In workers exposed to the carbonized residue of lead tetraethyl, which has lost its fat solvent capacity* Tbs case is described of a worker exposed net only to tetraethyl lead added to benzine but also to tha carbonized residua* Symptoms, called subjective, sad Including headache, weaJmess, less of sleep, etc. were regarded as evidence of chronic tetraethyl lead poisoning; others, such as a blue line on the gvos, punctate baeophilia, coproporphyrinurla, and colic as evidence of true lead poisoning caused by inhalation of the lead containing dust of tha carbonized residue* . Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 10 426 of Lend Benzine. H. Sraut and 0. Lehmann. Apcfc, f.Gewerbopath. u. Geweriehyg., 11^ 256-295 (December 31, 1941). (German). A series of Animal experiments v.ms undertaken in order to estimate how far and under what conditions danger to health, is to bo apprehended from the use of ben zine containing load tetraethyl. Previous investigation by Kehoe have shown that 1 cc. of pure lead tetraethyl applied to the shaven skin of a rabbit is lethal. In the present investigation, dilute jelutions in gasoline were applied to tho skin of rabbits and guinea pigs. ScSSfloss in body weight was obtained with ^ rabbifts as the subjects; the regri&Bvx^h guinea pigs were inconclusive. Ib^\ cxpc&iAeats, in which the animals^abaled lead tetraethyl vapor and exhaust^/^" gases^y results, were co^Sitely negative, in spontaneous death ratgjS&od^ picturd^/ nfti^ouedpbsctid^U^a muscle chronaxia. Chcolcal analysis d^^h^ashed animalaa Mawms accumulation only with the applicat]^to^ne skin of the l&^p^tisdRTHg&i^ sign of true lead poisoning. The atKhol^encludes that there is lead poisoning to be apprehettS^Yraoexposuro to exhaust gagt&jMiXz thedsager to persons employed injioxtt^)garages and tank factorie^vh dS^de^Ki^{tho cleaning of tasks J^tot oSalt with); and that It i^^oahsril i^my pra^^^al danger to healtjj^raqSU&wered resistance is liko- bhe relative^ loir6cdseicatrations aei use, 427 th Aspect of the LStl Iron Age, (December 3,1942). This article records tfij w Chemical Company in caring for men engaged in handling ksii eslimi alloys and gives a review of tho world literature that is & ble. In many processes the handling of aagnesiia and its alloys 1 us than other ccsmercial metals, Potential health hazard#^ to slum are shown to have no practical significance. As 'AJMag6UaPewi si^tis no more harmful than foreign bodies of otherjap^^^ls, unless'Tacterf&^sshtaaination, due to the uso of cutting oils The infleaSable hajlffe of magnesium is well known and the circuasf&jtt^Sre so well underst$& and^mhgod that bums are no more frequenj^h^sn iron and steel plantfcJ^Tbe pfcrfsdmce of sulfur dioxide in some of the^dSwtions, and of magnesium dusV. e powraial hazards, but these natcr- ^conditions aro familiar to indusi^f'awnd* uu&. efc. proper control can be rented. {Copies of report are availh$$>upoi eat from the Dow Chec- Company.) s<3?l The Effects of Ascorbie Acid in Halation to LeadJEbsorptlda. E.E. Evans, tf.D. Norwood, R.A. Kehoe and V. liachle. J.A.M.aTT"12ir3Ql-S04 (Jebruary 13, 1943). Ascorbic add nutrition in workers in a large pleiftjAs found to be poor In gen eral, but mostly so in lead workers. Careful study d:'*- large group of lead workers to whoso diet 100 mg. of ascorbic was added ds^xj^fovealed no effect cn the lead concentration in the blood, elimination in fod^0r urine, physical con dition of the sen, number and severity of complaints, nuwibrSvOf erythrocytes or stippled erythrocytos, or in the hemoglobin. Therefore^gproason has been found for recoaneading the use of ascorbic acid to counteract the effects of lead absorption. 429 Action of finely Divided Magnaaim upon the Lungs. L.D. Gardner and A.3. Delehant. Am. J. Pub. Health. 33. 153-156 (february, 1943). IA report on this investigation was presented by Dr. Gardner at the foundation's Seventh Annual Meeting and is printed in the Proceedings of that meeting.) In a sorles of experiments on cats and guinea pigs, it was show that finely^ divided metallic magnesium did not have say serious effect upon the lungs. It was also shown that "gaseous tumor" foxmation was absent primarily because the lungs freely conunlcate with external air. Xt is stated that if manufacturing processes did pewit inhalation of appreciable amounts of mactesiia, it is high ly improbable that serious injury to the lungs would ensue* Industrial fygiene Digest u 430 Possible Chronic Intoxication by tfanffenesa. g. Safflaan and S. Donoso. Revista liedica da Chile. 70, 708 (September, 19421". (Spanish). The authors report a ease which appeared to be one of manganese poisoning and state that the Incidence of manganese poisoning is now comparatively high mino workors, since activity has greatly increased on account of the war. In one mine 15 out of a total of 200 working without masks in an atmosphere denselycharged with manganese dust, had become completely incapacitated. In other mines no cases of poisoning were apparent. Nearly all the miners with manganese poisoning presented the typical dis-fcjjMonces in their walk. Next in importance arojfae psychic symptoms in the ft^ToJfcittacks of excitation, depression, un-> motivated laughter and even true d^intod states. In the particular case to manganese was. uncertain, and microsco] type of noninflammatory vascular cer< by lead or manganose, which are voi brain structure. 431 ction of Industrial Mercury PoliKStiifr E. Holstein. 72 (Pebruary 13, 1942) ' >r as "e aos^ity, failure of, oral manifests ctarisod by ireury poisoning may Fturbonces such as excitIlgence, etc., sometimes accompanied by intea whole body. A ids, azms, and finally of the means of arousing this Intention tremor and therefore of .stance and severity of mercury poison- ing, Examples of the >s of workers in the hair-felt-hat indus- try, where the macerating nitric acid, show id of a solution of mercury in dilute _ .blllty, up to Indeciphenble scribble, or in one severe _ . _ Xtitr-pmo variability is sometimes found in successive teais(iwftta&5''a shC^f^iae same individual. An early sisi of disturbance<OTr^torie Intention tremor LSAot porceptibia, is tho omission of a letter'-ak- w'oeginning or end^f^the 'ggB^ture, or tho substitution of a letter, in sound, for the coirgot , in the signature "Charlotte Setae loth names were commenced wlt.h^tho l^ratf "S". The defects revealed idwriting test are related to d4^t^rbeh*eof the central nervous sys- by chronic mercury poisoning, ^iher exj^&nt or latent. wl><\ The Inactivation of Phosphorus on the Skin, Go$S?btt and 6.H. Oakeshott. Brit. lied. J. No.4282, 128-129 (January 30, 19433^- The phosphorus-inactivating properties of 1# aqug^^ copper sulphate, the copper 3ulphate-glycerol-atarch composition of Godding dfiajjotton, and a new composi tion containing copper in an oil-soluble fox made'lrroa copper oleate, Turkey- red oil (sulphonated castor oil), Trichloroethylene,^d^urgical spirit have been compared* The last is shown to be the most effectJvpNway of inactivating phosphorus, especially when associated with oil, solvents^*? rubber. A proce dure is suggested for dealing with cases contaminated witlrmiaterial from solf- igniting bombs containing phosphorus, oil, solvents, and rt&ber. N.B.: It must be pointed out that the treatoent proposed is for phosphorus on the skin. The high content*of trlchlorethylene precludes use of the composition for such in ternal injuries as were recently described by Blaxland (1942), in which element al phosphorus was diffusely Implanted in tho tissuos. -- Authors1 sunaary. 433 Silicosis In Potters In the Silesian Glass Industry* H. Schraen. Arch.f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg.. 10. 460-472 (April 1&7 1941). (Geaan). The author gives the results of radiological axialnations in 95 workers with exposures to dust varying from under 3 up to 14 years. Of these, 35 showed no changes due to dust, 25 of them having occupation histories of less than three yoars. In 14 early silicotic changes were acted, la 8 silicosis of radiological stage I was found, la 9 stage I-II,. in 15 stage ZZ, in 8 stage IX-III, and 6 Industrial 9ygine Digest - 12 434 Investigation of the Lung Function in Silieatieg. Th PmHnff and Moderate Muscular Exercise. 2. Roelsea and P. Sskeldsen. Acta mad. Scaadiaav., 109. 377" (1941). " The article reports results of exercise tests with a bicycle-ergometer, oa 12 patieats with silicosis, 9 with emphysema aad 14 healthy persoas. The amounts of exercise was 400 hgn. per min. for 10 minutes. All participants reached the steady state after about 5 minutes of exorcise. During this state the patieats with first and second degree silicosirfjfehowed a small average increase la venti- latio^ and respiratory rate as cojawSp&ibjith the normals. Two patieats with thiajs^jlegree silicosis showed noTHraeGincrease of ventilation. The oxygez debt^^-higher,^ first aj|d^LC0Kdegreo silicotics than In noimals, si higher*:^ thirdTld^g^ee highest in the emphysema patiei Tontil was highest in the emphysema pati.em.ti in the s in the aorools. 435 Pneuaoconioi uctiag- Bd Manipulation of Porp Porphyry. f.Gowerbepath. u* Gower (Dec^ v ^ ^ ~'"'acco caused by of "porphyry" end raowous porp .es of the mountains in Northern Sax* onye* Clinical and 90 of the workers confirmed the probability that of the stone alight cause silicosis; 167 were found to be boing stono breakers and 6S working chiefly as masons, and ed to stone dust especially in calm, dry weather. 2-ray with fully developed silicosis, 22 in the initial the long periods of exposure-- from 11 to 45 yoars in the relative absence of synp- tons, occasional Radiography in a typical case showed nimero defined shadows size of a pea, with cal.ifled deposits a ght hilus; the unaffected. "Porphyry" and "tufaceo are purely mine the Rocklitz stone is of the qh& ^vttfiety, and has a high c add, which Is regarded ise of the silicosis. of Intrathorsclc Lymph Nodes as cunatlonal Disease. .. &geh. ' Arch.f.Oewerbepath.. 10. 502 (AprtII\ff6. 19*K^X(German). According to the author, reports oa sillcosins-at^ll'^^ihe legal regulations regarding compensation for occupational disease^e concerned chiefly with sili cotic changes in the lung ti33ue. Se describes cases of complicating severe silicosis of the lntrathoradc lymph nodes & fatal outcome. One patient, a Ban aged 63, had comparatively light silicotic changes in the lungs, but had also a severe silicosis of the lymph nodes ar^s^blfurcatlon, white 07 severe cicatrical shrinkage led to the formation of trac^n divorticula in *--> esophagus. The puncture of one of theso led to pulmonaiyjggScess foxnatica ml generally suppurative bronchitis. Tho fatal outcome of thfepulaonary absceasos must be regarded as ths result of silicosis. Several additional cases are ins cribed and evaluated, loading to the conclusion that when silicosis of the ./aph nodes becomes the point of origin of a severe disorder, it must be regarded is a compensable disorder, just as is severo silicosis of the pulmonary tissue. 437 Study of Industrial Workers Sgposed to Sulfur Dust. S.S. Pinto, R.A. Brown mi 3.H. Carlton, J.Ind.Hyg. &Tox.f 25, 149*151 (April, 1943). . A study was made of the nployees at a sulfur mine. Among the workers expoaod to appreciable amounts of sulfur dust for a period of 7 years, no lung iesitas were found on x-ray examination which could be attributed to the inhalation :f sulfur dust -- Authors* stmsry. Industrial rgiene Digest - 13 433 Arising from Dust and Gas from Iron Alloys* 2.W. Joetten. Arch.f.Hyg. u.3akt.. 127, 313*321 (1942). Iron briquettes hare been manufactured in Germany for some time and production is on a small but increasing scale in this country. Therefore this account of German conditions may be of interest. Iron alloys used for making iron briquettes contain iron silicate (25-2*# of silica), iron manganese-silicate (409* iron, 30# silica and 30# manganese), not more than 0.1# phosphorus, and an unknown percentage of arsonic. The^4orial is roughly broken up by hand and shovelled into a grinder. At thj^s^e it is sprinkled with water from a ho rent dust ^formation, whlchv^not greet, but varies according to the ial^Medj as carbide and garlic (arsenic dust'a^a odor' eable in recent deliveries of mate slight\*aiosioi Although no special disturbnnc have oc< rs, many workers have recen ned of gastroint) lag work of the 1 hai m atory symptoms, especially afteftc! Hftns and dur se alloys which give off a sed2rV rile, A review silicate and ferro- ate alloys shows ispurltles in of phosphorus and arsen- bine and sMinej^g^^tell as mmaannggaannees s^^bhSptfSg (lung inflammation and alsm). Thfc3^owM^&eta are preseraed So phosphine and arsine: sphlne: toxic cwrt^tratra^-- raptfSjrjitnal, 2*6 mg. perl.; dangerous to life in -1 hour, ''SofcO.84(i&\je4^\^!!anocuoua after -1 hour, 0.14-0.26 mg. per 1.; limit of pe^Mt|ibll^k^^62-0.004 mg. per 1. Acute to^c effocts: coldness, epigastric pah^^^^^^ll^noss, tinnitus, anxiety, dyspnoea, dry cough, loss of appotlwttwitrarcV twitching, dilated pupils, dea^h after a few days; chronic eff^oflb)^%ia,^^^chitis, digestive disturbances, dental necrosis, aisturbenfii^tarSfltVtoeock4M hearing. Arsine; toxlc^^ptration'^?.03#^'^^splum6. Acute toxic affects: headache, col^tffiay^jfigastric pain^^anxrttj/) Jaundice, hemoglobinuria and hema turia, ret?p^nMn urine, convulsions, cyea$teL$; chronic effects: headache, , tenderness over t verRestlessness, Insomnia, anemia. _ ^'determined air conceatr* has, in ptfSmain workshop and near the :nd made clinical exazainatlons^r^ wertker^ The manganese concentra- much below the danger limit. Ti^cJaiwciorJFhtic symptoms of phosphine arsine poisoning, especially ha&aturia^fr>an^sS>ore not presont in any of the workers; in 11 the hemoglobin was 80#;, in Z7Some gastrointes tinal and respiratory symptoms were reported* PossibljRjhey were due to the combined action of phosphine and arsine, especially after explosions, when the air concentrations may have been greater than tfi&c^actually estimated. Preven tive measures recommended include more frequent chafes of personnel, medical supervision, "special nutrition" (these workers shouSdkbe classed os "heavy 'work ers"), alteration in position of the grinder (its aoU^^ould not be too high above the ground), deposition of the material in a dry f|#e (the present prac tice of sprinkling with water may do more haxm than gooaisgencouraging the evo lution of gases. Pick and Konrad's recommendation that 40**60# ferro-siiicata alloy should not be used is regarded as of doubtful value, since Koelsch has stated that a silica content of over 75# stabilizes the compound and decreases the formation of toxic gases. -' 439 Tho Absorption and Excretion of Fluoride. II. The Metaboliaa at High Levels of Intake. W. Machle and S.J. Largent. J.Iad. Syg. &Tox., , 112-123 (March, 1943). The magnitude and characteristics of the normal fluoride intake and output of a human experimental subject have been described in an earlier paper' (Abstract No. 994, October, 1942). The Investigation was now extended to abnormal levels of intake, in order to determine the throsbold at which storage begins, to Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 establish the relationship between absorption and storage, and to throw further light on the apparent close relationship between the absorption and the urinary excretion of fluoride* At normal levels of fluoride intake, the urinary plus the fecal output was found to eoual the intake, but with higher intake levels the absorption and urinary/^5?5 ii8?oase, both varying directly with the amounts absorbed and therefore with each other. 'Within limits, then, urinary fluoride excretion may be used as a measure of fluoride storage. The absorption of fluorine is dependent upon tto aquoojUgf solubility of the fluoride salt and its state at the time of ingestion. fluorides are effectively absorbed. 440 PuSronriLry Irritants Pv.A. 1943^r N.Y. Acad, of Med., 340-355 By moaisyof com id imparlson of the physical, chemical cal pro'pg^ies o denary irritants, many practical pointa^&lSjortuace are appnr^^> g of data are presented showing tho rfl^tyahlp between toxicity between irritation and toxiciA. \cB5b general of- fects of. to ffiUftnnry irritants are also dessrib^ytfth an excellent sectl ealiwyTho section on treatten&jmccentuates the need for tlon.Nj4$ragon adainistration^W>S3ed but venesection is except uptag tJo^Skgh venous promi&reYttage of blue cyanosis. The eation of info injury is discussed briefly. 441 Amonis Gas Polaaalaft 47 cases of oan&onla pol Mild cases showed acute chltis, and severe severe cases, died. 241. 95-96 (1941). knowing boob damage to a condenser, tracheitis; moderate cases, acute broa- 3 of 27 moderate cases, and 7 of 11 tive against ansonia. 442 ghwonymous in Carbon^ nine. 1. Prcncois. Ophthainolo- gtea, 103. LAgBjKJgarch. 1942). . v Carbon ^ndBte^oisoning say produce#gtic tls sometimes ending in optic atroptosSteoAal oedana, and occasioac&E&> iff' to the optic tracts and occi&t&^<ortex. Lesions of the cptib^.tfycts pparentiy due to asphyxia >tor origin. Two cases of homon^msi he sla and one of binasal >psia are given in the literature, aa^h adds a third case cf hemianopsia. In tha last case," * covery^pf tha loft field defect and the persistence of tho right field defect fre of-^ecial Interest. 443 Blood-Carbon Monoxide and Ancxmia. I. Binet, tt&t^truBza and P. Nicolle. ^ompt. rend. Soc. Biol.. 133. 532-634 (1940). The carbon monoxide content of the blood may be douaCed- when the chloralosed ocg is subjected to lowered oxygen tension. The increase^s&^Uels the increase n blood-hecoglobin. Both hemoglobin and carbon oonoxide^l^faiaed by adrena-.-a injection* The lncrease(in carbon monoids may be inhibKwk by ligature of tno splenic blood vessels. * 444 Pactors Producing Carbon Monoxide from Caap Stoves* P.P. Scholander and others. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 25, 132-136 (March, lSSsT Srperlaemta were conducted to find out what circumstances promote monozido cut- cut from camp stovos, including the Primus korosene and Colan gasoline stoves. Only a amount of monoxide was found in tho combustion f\ses when the flame burned freely in fresh sir whether the flame was normal or distorted. A cold plate in contact with the flsme greatly Increases tho output of monoxide, espe cially when the floss is distorted* Cooking in a tent made of impervious mater ial or coated with ice caused serious poisoning, and oeceslonal ventilation or two open vents did not protect against poisoning* However, heating and cooking in a porous tent gave only an insignificant amount of monoid# in the blood. Industrial Jfc'giene Digest - IS 443 Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning by Absorption Through the Skin* B.M. Ses3. Jiueach. Med. need-, 89, 4921495 (May 291942]. (German). vbile inhalation of hydrocyanic gas is the commonest cause of cyanide poisoning in ran, absorption through the sirin frequently occurs. In either case the essen tial factor in the rapid toxic effect of snail amounts of hydrocyanic acid is paralysis of cellular respiration, ^concentration of 1-2$, eTen whon a gas mask is worn, has caused severe syigjfflins, including sensation of heat, flushi: palpitation, rapid pulse, follow^&jSj^aecdache, vomiting and lassitude. Hi* ipcratura and sweating ifcSkso the absorptive capacity of the skin< vetf rfteasucs^include^gtfFcSventilation, suitable clothing, and spec' masks -worki where formation of hydrocyanic acid nes is possi^v acute symptoms consists of removal t r; thorough^ .ng of directly contaminated areas use of cardiac si .dal respiration; Intravenous i methylene blue (10* .ution), or of sodixm thiosulplit 4^p to 70 cc. of a 50$ sol) inhalation de tea? also stimulate the resptfh&yy cen^^ Twb^ are quoted 4 months suffering from lyodexaia oi received by pplication of a 10$ potas- .de solute iptoms thln five minutes, but correct t#ataent led to race he case of a sen who received b\sms of the head with sodim cyanide, death oeeur- red within two hours ln( ate treatment in hospital. Postmortem findings indicated that re due to rapid absorption of cyanide through the injured akin. 446 Nitrogen Oxide 109. 471 (1942) !T. ^AhJLtitrg Dahlberg. Acta mod. Scandinav. Clinical pictutf^antfspathclogical-anstomical^ ladings in poisoning with vapor containing^Axi&ilrnitrogen oxides NOg,^ N_20j NgO) arc similar to phosgeMrtratgiinng, Two cases are dMoibed*^H&h first case the poisoning occ 'fvK^aa nan during welding with odfttane(iah badly ventilated room. ` Pond signs were those of a brond^nrs. en^ray examination extensive jpneumonic foci were seen in both lu$^> The^m^ctrocardicgram revealed Insufficiency of the right coronary arto^^^A poly^Pthaeaia of short dura tion was observed* All the symptoms and sigst^ad dsM&eared after seven lays. In the other case the patient suffered from poisoning d^i/to inhalation of a reddish-yellow gas which had been foxned after s^ttansformer had been struck by & bolt of lightning* Symptoms and signs were slsXa^to those found in the first patient; however, x-ray examination revealed lung frustrations which were simi lar to miliary tuberculosis. The patient recovered c^Bfftately after one and a half months* It is assumed that in both cases a tosdo^jtpftonary oedema was pre sent, caused by the Inhalation of various nitrogen oxtdeig^^he patients were reexamined after one and a half years and one and a querteigjwara, respectively and were found healthy* 447 Relation of Sulfur Dioxide to Dge from Flue Gases* C* Looser. Chem-Ztg. 337-340 (1942); Dull. Inst. Paper Chem., 13, 168. The author discusses the to^clty of sulfur dioxide to plants, animals and men. Be states that 1 part In 500,000 is harmful to roses, but that ha&en beings feel discomfort only at 6 times that concentration, while 1 part in 500 of air pre vents breathing and leads to death* The amounts of sulfur dioAda resulting from burning different types of coal are tabulated, and methods for rendering the gas harmless are discussed* Industrial hygiene digest <-16 448 THoXida Chemical gneumonia: Kenort of a Casa with Secoverv Following Accl- dental Explosion of a Refrigerator Unit. H.L. Goldburgh and 3.A. Gouley. Ana. 1st. Med., 18, 237-242 T?bruary, 1943). Concentrated sulfur dioxide inhalation nay lead to acute inflammation of the res piratory tract, culminating in "chemical" pneunonia. After such exposure, a boy, Md ^5, previously wall, quickly atowed signs of bronchopulmonary involvement. Cyanosis/dyspnea were notable featuros. Sulfathiazole therapy contributed to the recovery, but its use, limited to th^jscute phase of the illness, did not prevent the later development of bronchi^^S^^ -- Author1 s sunaary. " 449 act of War Pesos cmicala on the Eves of the Civilianx3op___ tlozS Bull. IT.T. Acad, of Med., ^ 336-jW7'^f, 1943) Altho sternutatory and lacrimatqn^^3are ex- pectod must he prepared fo&nwsu&diowa gases, For cxampl hemolytic gas, was connaMpn a possiblity in the urged to reaeB^tf thaedpplying no local eye hon using aaUra5&dn which may damage the aro act s^miiras secondary infection is icipal 1 applAriWLonJfcf the war gases. The isne- te treatment tfjhr^rof the eyes is to flush the conjunctival culs-de gS^Hle solution of salt (1.4 per cent). If acid is known t sodlm bicarbonate (2 per cent solu- tion) should be us conjunctlval culs-de-sac would be flushed with boric Utlon). The immediate instillation of light liquid petrolatum tralndlcated only in mustard bums, Soverc pain may pontocaine (0.5 por cent solution) or butyu (1 por but it is preferable to control pain with intenadl ^e#cation (morphine, , etc.) as most local anesthetics have a deletMTTO&ftffect on the corfiMl lisu Secondary infection should be combat*silver protein^* s ine solution or ointment (Iritis should be sus^c^sd severe bums and treated with atswfinOMrclution or ointment unless pma develops. Ulcers of the the secondary corneal sc lent. _haron may require surgic; v=>' ' Industrial Carbon_D__i_s_u_l_f_id_e___P_o_i_s_o_n_i_n_g. ?. Whmecice. '^^t^.f.Gewerbopath. u Gewcrbohyg., 11." 198-248 (December 31, 1941). (Sej&an) The article is an extensive rovlow of the iitemOtfe^on carbon disulfide poison ing with an account of the discovery of the gas, it^fcroduction, chemical pro perties, aechanlA of to^c action, and a resume ofthdiauthor* s investigation of 80 cases seen during recont years. The nervous sys^j^is chiefly affected, owing to the lipoid solvent action of carbon disulfide oa^entral and peripheral nervous tissue. In high concentrations (6.4-10 nga. per'T^^narcosis results. In chronic poisoning (0.15 mga- ?or 1J the continued anel^oosage causes var ious symptoms, the most characteristic of which are related to psychotic distur bance, peripheral nerve injuries and gastrointestinal changes. In America, -.-3 mga. per 1. is the aoxtaw pcmissible concentration m a workroom. In the 30 cases studied, only 6 were acuto. In 21 cases the symptoms were predominantly psychotic; In 13 cases, they were related to central and peripheral nerve injury and in 35 to gastrointestinal disturbance. The nature end severity of these symptoms aro discussed. A description is given of the method and apparatus de- visod by Frauenhofer for estimating tho carbon disulfide content of the air. -he reaction deponds on tho foxmation of potassium xanthogenate when air containing carbon disulfide is passed through a 100 alcoholic solution of caustic potash. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 17 451 7hat the Ventilating an^inaer SK^nid Ahaut Carbon Tetrachloride. H. ?. iuadland. Seat* &Vent. 40. 38.39 TMarch. 1943). This article describes the physical properties and health hazards of carbon tetrachloride. Methods of deteiaining the vapor conceatratioas ia air are givea. Goaeral ventilation factors are discussed but ao specific recommendations are included. The Acute Toxicity of Vapors of Sev^f Monoalley1 Ethers of Ethylene Glycol. MW. Werner, W.f. voaOettingen aafSfctS&su J.lad. 2yg. & Tox/, '5, 157-163 (Ap^ 1943). Glycb^&thers be^ iaportae^fces %s solvents ia industries, but info coace] * s incomplete and there is sot suffice arailal caparisons of health hazards of thesg^fcads^ to other cc ts. Therefore, this study was unden4akli!D& the sug- gestion of' Induatrial Medicine of the MatyfraBgesoarch Council, The present he first part of the study, whnEfllJrconcerned with the effo^ toly long exposures of jarfe tc-^arious vapor con- centnsJJ< The materials ioremmA are the methyl, othyl, h9RCi&2 iso-propy) ethylene gl^celueMpn. Results are given ia c fie^sevaa-bour exposures of mice to vapdrs of some of ctf&aslonally produced lung, kidney, or liver changos. f the compounds frequently produced histologically donea s. 2. The usual sign of toxic notion of all compounds was al conon sign with near-lothal con- ceatratloas of the n-propy l/\and butyl derivatives was severe hemo- globiaurla. 3. Deaths ures to vapors of the solvents studied commonly occurred hours after starting exposure; however, ia a sieplfichht^humbeiv^T^inst deaths occurred toward the end of the exposure pof^MTeS^etweea the first the fourth week following expo- sure. 4. Mirpmi^cthal concentrations^ axp as mg. per 1. indicate that the ethy^dbeVa^eol ethers decrease itt^oXici the following order: Sutyi, aad ethyl, iso-propyl^., 'comparable to those in these ~~ tantial hazards of the derivatives frder: Methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, a-p exes indicate that, 'with difficulty of controldecrease in the foiled Chronic Poisoning fren Methanol Inhalation. Arch.f.Gewerbepcth. u.Gewerbefayg.. lo7 562-574 jJune 11, 194l). There have been few case* of methyl alcohol (meth^fk poisoning from inhale*1.;:: or stta abeorption ia Industry, because the concenstrfasttiions used are generally low, and alee because methanol is not highly volatile^/*^acute narcotic effect results from oral Ingestion, the toxic doses being S-lO^^k Toxic effects on paronchymatous aad nervous tissues ore ascribed to the re&Stlon of methanol, when dissolved in the body fluids, to fonaic acid and foraffidbbyde. Symptomj may be headache, giddiness, stupor, slight oyaaosis, etc., end especially dis turbances of vision, which may result in blindness. The atmospheric concentra tion corresponding to this oral toxic dose would be about 55 op. per liter, which la unlikely to be found in industry. The author describes a csss cf a worker poisoned by manipulating material soaked with methanol in a centrifuge. The material contained 30-40)1 of methanol, but no complaints had been made evar a period of 6 years until blackout measures were instituted. In this case, symptoms were pleural irritation and serious failure of vision, particularly the right eye. After 6 weeks moral from exposure the vision improved so that fine print could be read at a distance of 20 cm* The pleural irritation, which was considered due to enlargmaont of the liver returned after 14 days return to wzfc. The only other pathological signs were a decreased patellar reflex and Industrial Hygiene digest - 18 an increase In the average red call diameter 17.3 mu). Hie concentrations of methyl alcohol la different parts of the room under varying conditions showed levels of from 1.6 to 10.9 mga. per 1. Preliminary medical examinations indicat ed that the iwrker was especially susceptible to eyo injury; dso, some absorp tion through the skin may have taken place. The author concludes that concen trations of 10 mga. por 1. may produce chronic toxic affects, and that 1 agm.or at most 2 mgm. per 1. should not bo exceeded. 454 H^negimaatal Trinitrotoluene Pol Che Effect of Diet. H.P. Hiasworth I-S^&ynnl Clinical Science, -447 (Decaaber 15, 1942). (lN~ae^devalopfcent of to^S^ani ^stations in rats after administratis TOT i< ^ e of the diet. Severe symptoms and aai ologic rats taking s high fat diet whilst in^cdsa^ taking a high gh protein diet the ill effects a^uafrau&or absent, (2) c: in rats shows the following featMjwfeJ^^ (a) ) increased appetite, (c) Szcr^asuTT high concen- tratlons the urine, (d) Changefcdfo th^nlood and associated tissu which are a greatJjrewye in hemoglobin, the "of ytes and Ml^S|pMtlc erythrocytes in the blood, hy?erple*iittf%e bone marrow and slderosis spleen, (o) which rfSM^Ioa fatty infiltration to an acute necrosis of the _ of hair. (3) Evidence is presen of the high fat diet In facilitating tho toxic action of 1OT t diet so influencing the animal*a aeta- holism as to impede its spese of the TOT within its tissues. (4) The close resemble the<ecta of TOT in the rat and the find- lngs in human cases ii jwitonstrated. -- Authors' sunnary. 455 An Outbreak of s from Airplane 3h%ie) Covers. L. Schwartz and S.k. Peck. Pub. ' -Pts.~, 58, 625-631^Aprt3?xj&> 1943). The autho the article aa^oilowsi 'il^'^An outbreak of dermatitis was workers manufacturing a^plepe enmhi covers made from a special _ R.M.7., a chemical added 't6'\tft# pltmf&a to prevent deterioration t, was found to be the actual caui^obf thtfjtfibreek. 3. is both irritant and a sensitizer. Hecoos^oatlo^^^ade that all writers dling pliofilm containing the R.!.?. wear -px'dtectil^aleevas and aprons made of ordinary pliofilm, viaylite, koroseal or IsHinated c^Jip&ane. The hands may be protected by wearing finely knitted cotton or~a4ible leather gloves. Per- sons on the job of heat sealing can protect their from fea by tho use of a protective ointment of the invisible glove type. *-Jf dezmatitls parsiss after he recomesded precautions are observed, worker* sbo&>be removed from further exxppoasure to the material. 456 Dermatitis from Cutting Oils. vaerios 4. Minor Notos. J.Ad^L., 121. 223 (January 16, 1943). Tho largo majority of cutting oil deaaatitls occurs froa the insoluble oils, which are sterile as far as pathogenic bacteria are concerned. In fhe uso of water soluble cutting oils, the skin may be Injured by metal slivers contained therein, and the out Infected from the bacteria in the water soluble oil or on the soiled skin and clothing. Sedimentation and filtration are used In many plants to remove the slivers. Heat sterilization or disinfectants may be employ ed to kill the bacteria. The use of disinfectants-prevent! reiofeetlon of the oil in the pipes and at the machines, but the disadvantage in their use is that they are akin irritants. Industrial ^rgiene Digest - 19 457 Spontaneous Dosenaltl2atlon In Occupational 2c2a and Its Significance far Es timation. ? Koch. Med. Klin., 3771100 (October 31, 1941]. "(Ge^manT. ~ followup examinations on patients with occupational eczema who had been adTised to change their occupations but had not done so, revealed that the majority were still subject to eczema but seme zad lost it in spite of further contact. An average of about 15^6 of the patients in various occupations were no longer sub ject to eczema. Regular weekly observations on Q patients studied disclosed two different forms of development. One group of 5 patients experienced at every resumption of crk, first a considers* exacerbation of the disorder, then a gradual regression of the manife^tQTo^} and finally a complete or almost cor pletjr/disappearance of the oezia7XJn the 3 other cases eczema occurred on 4! hani rk was resumed. Later, the lesions and r body, but in a foza so mild that thP^pgjtffhg capad author thinks that the only possijbtth eQg^/anation is a des presupposes specific allergic procaweaMhough various ot play a part. Results of artificial lups3ltizatlon havo been thod should not bo abandoned. Ofujru&r observations may dls may become the basis aorr favorable results. 458 ervlct Mask. J.AJC.A., Clinical rs.n21. 422 (?e ^Irtiele is a cas ed 42 with rubber respirator doimatltls. On admls red a bright red erytheoatovesieular cutaneous eruption conf his face in close contact with the gas mash. There was a co' nlc seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, art lias, and the crural re physical abnormalities were found, Aftor treatment the wore^th* mask and this time presented sore severe symptoms, i .orustij4\and pronounced edema. The eruption responded to trea compressing w$M$plication of bland antipruritic lotions and oi Patch teet^shoifi^djthfit the dermatitis was not lue to the rubber chemicals in^s&^anufacturing process. leansing Materials on t&e/*ftman Healthy Skin. 0,Season*, rbepnth. u.Gewerbehyg., 10^ , 30, 1940). (German). of a msaher of liquid and soli 1 used for cleansing the was tested by estimating: (1) the icentratlon of the skin, the evaporation of moisture, and (3) cutaneous tissues after repeated use. The conditions of us Stricti'yCatrolled. Methods used in making the estimations are described* Taa3?epreslatative doansers were examined and the results estimated, as indicative injurious effect on tho skin were an Increase in the pH value of tho skin, a^ecroase in the time of evaporation of moisture, and an increase of swelling, "Judged as a percentage difference from the Initial value. The skin cleansers atfi$d fell into throe groups, according to the effects observed: (1) Ttose prodding 00 'Substan tial increase in the pH value of tho skin, which woro regarded, as suitable for regular use; (2) Those producing a final rise in pH value after an Intermediate fall or state of equilibrium This group is regarded as suitable for all but sensitive skins; (3) Those producing an uninterrupted rise In pH value. This group, which included a pvaice soap was considered suitable only for occasional cleansing of very dirty skin* - 460 Effect Ciaawjing Matorial on the Human Skin. 2. In Skin Disease. M.Schnitnier. Arch.f.Gewerbonath.u.Gewerbehyg.. 10. 422-436 (Decaaber 30, 1940)7 (German). Many industrial dermatoses, particularly of tho hands, wrists, and forearms, re sult from direct contact with injurious materials, the Injury being localized m the epitheliuu However, the natural buffer-regulating capacity of the skin is Industrial Jfygiene Digest 20 act effective in the presence of external alkaline agents. Increased alkalinity of the skin is followed by swelling of the horn cells, with closing of the folli cles and Inclusion of foreign particles and bacteria. The latter penetrate to the deoper tissues where the pH is nearer to neutral and favors optimal growth. Cleanliness is a protection against industrial deimatosis if the cleansing n&ter- ial is of a suitable constitution and sufficient time is devoted to thorough washing. The effects of cleansers on various fonts of skin disorder (excluding cases of generalized ec2xa) were tested in the seme manner and using the seme methods as those used on healthy skijkf? la the second series the clinical pro gress of the lesion was estiaatedj<flBl cleansing materials investigated were iiTid^d into three groups: (a) Stthk kSlid or liquid, alkali-free, of acid action} on tho whole sultabljKfor^afe in skin disorders; (b) 'Alkaline soaps< ?rf.thet^Adairt^^of InsglTOi&jsubstaAces -- long continued use of tJ increaaefl^-the Alkaline soaps containing kaolin, etc. TheseV.9specii03s pose of coarse consistency, are unsuital of skin. r\ 4a The Phe imoaraphisa. E. Urbach J.A.M.A.K raffT4fl&490 13, 1943). Blaok^&iflSgrap^ co he fact that uade&dfr\? conditions a black line a sttK'Slt* ed with certattjjw^n. Black dermographism not iquently oecurS^ii** ng silve^SrSdeap gold jewelry on powdered areas. Black demnap a .pteraityJrphonoaenon. The oarller theory that it is of some bloSeg^ or gniflcenee is erroneous. Strictly spooking, the term "bla is a misnomer, since the reaction can bo evoked not only on the on coarse paper, cloth and wood. -- Authors* suesary 462 Tpideaic Serato-Coa njunctivitis' M. Sanders. ch. of Ophth., 28 s. This is a pr re_port on investig_ ate into the etiology of epidemic kerato conspread throughput flc coast area and has reached the casaSoafcSr Tho cause of the di ^ although evidence points to al agent, a virus. Swis ected intraperltoneally and rally with conjunctival scrap with the conjunctivitis, followed by mild symptoms from on from the second mouse-passage was : recovered. Brain eculculture of embryonic aouso-brain. This producod a strain which ce and gave rise to a pathologic picture which though not e that in other com mon virus infections* Conjunctival lnstHlatlon^f^he mouse virus in a h'-man volunteer producod in four days a mild conjunctivitis^ When this was repeated in the soa eye typical korato-conjunctivltls dorelojjed. The servn of the patient from whom the original material was obtained had a neutralizing effect on the mouse virus* A second Isolation of virus has been efftfdted* but the identity of this virus with the first has not been fully establishedi^^/Chi* i* a preliminary report and further work will be done on the isolated strafniibf virus. 463 Enidgmig gorato-Conjunctivitis. U Sanders and others* T.A.M.A., 121, 250 255 (January 23, 1943). The authors present an extensive report on epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis, with clinical and epidemiologic data on 80 cases, including classification of symptoms, proof of method of transmission, demonstration of antibodies, and recoscondations for prevention of the spread of the disease. 464 Epidemic gerato-Conlunctlvltls: "Shipyard Bye." C. Suh* Calif, fc West. Hod., 58. 18-19. (January? 1943). ^ The symptoms and characteristics of epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis are listed, and include a sudd onset, itching, irritation, blurred vision, pain, and Industrial Itygiene Digest 21 varying degrees 0f inflammation and hyperemia of the bulbar and palpebral con junctiva. Precautionary measures for plant physicians, nurses, and executives to prevent the spread of the disease are also listed. Therapy, including iced compresses and 5 sulfathiazole ophthalmic ointment does not influence the course of the disease, but gives symptomatic relief. It is believed that the incubation period is from 5 to 12 days, and the close contact and direct trans fer are necessary. 465 Industrial 5y Affections. P.A. Jae 12, 1941). (Geraan). Ued.ldin., 37. 1244-1247 (December This is an elementary survey of tWal eye affections, containing refore: to -sm) types that are not y^ttwn. Mention is made of hydrogen sulj ophtSSjiia secs: n^B' &ngst in artificial silk, the symptoms bei: to thod^of\elo and of the ocular changes seen in aniline dyes. And conj unctidsp hoi -- to may induce lesions ranging from dlscQigta&^d of the fey touching tho affected area wlthN&'Mr cent alcoiridocyclitis. Benzine may leeufcCjoyMBtral scotomata and the subst Pol eparations -- used extensively wi) removal of fatty nerve lesions. Benzol,^^^ol aSd toluol aro blood ,ea< retij rrhage, retrobuUwtfVwttis and severe corneal 466 Treatment at Yaunfl Tnmnna ******. C.L. Sena from patients co end plaaa prevent the hagiae. The effect of t the fourth day after i VJ .ce'^hfected^ri/ih^eirtoa-plra Icterohaemorrhasiae with Rents.. SB. 10-15 (January 1.1943). Lent^tii^Qfl's disease and isnune rabbit serum to mica infected with L.ictcrohaeoorrmarfced if administered on or before 467 Survey of Cobtoo __ H-ave B&trTest Carcinogenic Activity. 1.1. aartwoll. -fat r Institute, Putt?' , 371 pp. (1941). This bullatdjg isenta a survey of thfe carcinogenesis in the the action of carci-^ tissues, tissue cultures, plaRgST^yotozoa, and bacteria is not literature is covered to l*f, the compilation also includes compounds from the fanE'jprlished work of Dr. M.J. Shear and Dr' the National Cancer Jistitute. The results of the tasting of pounds are newly retcrt- ed, while 45 arc new to the whole cancer 1 ther the work con- prises data referring to 696 chemical substances 169 are reported 0 bo carcinogenic, apart from 23 observed oaas only. After an introductory discussion, the bulletin takes the f UTcy a tabular review which classifies the substances, and gives data on method'.^f^^iaistratioa, type of animals, etc. The authsr draws attention to the lncatf^tt^ness' of the data for many of the compounds listed, and urges the more systmtftfk investigation of compounds already studied in a preliminary fashion, and filling sf large gaps among substances which it would sen desirable to tes^;The review is com pleted by a bibliography (over 1200 references), and separate Indexes to camper routes of application, vehicles, species, and tuaor-aites. 4 Industrial Toxins and War Production. H.N. Holmes. Science, 96, 384 (1942). Tho author contributes evidence from Germany, Britain, and the United States Indicating that toluene* benzene, and TNT Itself destroy vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the bodies of irertaen exposed to vapors or to skin contact. Some organ izations give such woUsnaa 100 ogm. of vitamin C daily to replace what is lost, and the results have been encouraging in maintaining health and vigor. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 469 fatal Accident from Welding In a Closed Cooker* P. felsch. 2. Spiritusind., 63, 253 (1940). (GermanT ' The welding of a copper pipe to a sheet-copper cooker (2 b. z 4 a.) resulted in. the death from pulmonary edema of the workman* who had spent some 40 minutes (with a break occasioned by a fit of coughing) Inside the cooker; the edema be ing due apparently to nitrous poisoning. Precautions are discussed. 4TO Metal v/elders1 Disease In a Crane-Driver. K. Waniek. Areh.f.Gewerbepath.u. Gewcrbehyg., 11, 179-134 (December>1941). (Caiman). The author has previously descrUrf^^tal welders' disease"' as a chronic di turpkace of thyroid and liver nation. Ha here reports a case of this tina^ta a cran#\driver, exoSbed the fumes and gases arising from th protest)in a'TOjxsbop Kfcftxvsii had been operating the crane for seves. ^srens. SymptMAjgttriwped^^o^swid dysfunction included nervous ind^btiy)yfexces- sive auditing, IbwaGfi weight falling of the hair, rapid pu^g<^f$etremor of the fl $urbance was shown by loss of eppetj and sick- ness, occ Bauer's galactose test gave of disturbed livor f 471 ion of Visual at Work? H.S. Kuhn and lie, Jr. 1943). 7-one welders test for speed of dark adapta- tion before and aft the night shift, nlae were on the day shift, 22 on received 10,000 units of vitsmin A before starting work of the shift. The other welders received a placebo at is no evidence of a general lack cf dark adaptability one videne* of any decrement in this fuse* ticn during an eight* who received vitamin A stowed no great* er gain in dark ad d not receive it. This should not be interpreted*^, A deficiency would not respond to such troemun|\^pfr that hot respond with longer treatment or undogeugSuvEt conditions. Iadd ^fraroncea in age, domicile, type cf welditiz^eogglos, end food showed no? tioV^differences in gain or loss cf sseedk cS^aark adaptation during on ei ur :4hjt. Welders on the night shift a significant average gain in d .ptaitcaxduring their work. This is buted to a greater demand for dark tlo^Soglng periods when they were t actually welding* Several inferences *,c4evaldJW froa this fact toward possible improvement of visual ease in weldi*6 by further visual engineering :n this field. The clinical conclusion is that thsoyxceaiive number of complsints among welders is due to lnadequato protective e^ipiaent or carelessness m its use* -- Authors' sunaary. 472 Chronic Pulmonary and Bronchial Ulceration l&dag*Electric Arc '.Velde?. 3.3. Kayar. J.A*M.A.. 119. 1500 (August 29, 1942). Since 1936 there have been several reports in the literate* of roentgenegr-; pulmonary changes is electric arc welders* The roentgenograph! c abnormali:: :s, discovered by surveys on apparently healthy workers, ranged from increased -- shadows to a generalized fins or nodular mottling simulating silicosis. The workers had no symptoms and were not disabled in any way. There was a histcr of long exposure to the products of arc welding, usually 15 years or nor*, ta roontgonographic changes were apparently produced simply by the aecuaulati: a Iron pl^ent* fuses arising from coated rods are largely Inorganic natena- slating of finely dlvldod iron oxide* The author reports the case of a tmrt 7 year old white man, an arc welder for 7 years, admitted to the hospital with cough, sputw and dyspnoea* Tbs admission roentgenogram showed multiplo nza and nodular densities traversing the middle third of the right lung from the Industrial Sfygiene Digest - 23 root out to the periphery. There was also some exaggeration of the linear Bark ings of the left lung* The tentative diagnosis, on admission, ms bronchogenic carcinoma with lymphangitis spread. Bronctoscopy revealed a considerable amount of purulent material in the lower part of the trachea. There ms an ulcerated granulating lesion in the right main bronchus just below the tracheal bifurca tion; a large amount of nonfoul purulent secretion was seen distal to this lesion. Sections of this granulation tissue, removed by biopsy., showed nonspecific in flammatory changes with large masses of Iron pi^aent scattered about. Hsaoval of the granulation tissue and repeatetrfbronchoscoplc dilation of the left main may be intoxicaamrSfli'those who handle tt^dcd'.to those who utilize materials not use above 0.2g. Such a dose is tolerated foc^jpng $4rioda by healthy ani mals without detriment to normal growth or activt^^Tho chemical can therefore be used as a protectant for cotton and other seed wiiibut danger of intonating les Act of Great Britain and later amendments, which includss annia from those sources in the compensable diseases* Thotfe forms of anemia are all of the type now known as "dyshematopoietic"; and leukoponla (lack of white cells) and lympac cytosis (excess of lymph cells) are present to varying degrees* Blood couits and ratios for several of the poisons are presented in tabular fox* and severs, cases are described* - 476 Influence of Work on Physiological Reactions to Then"*} ggrironment. C.2.A. Winslow and A.P. Gagge. Aner.J.Physiol*, 134. 664*681 (1941). Two undressed men pedalled on a stationary bicycle so as to increase thsir meta* holism to over 300 kg**cal* per hour* The rosulta were compared with those is Industrial HygieM Digest - 24 the subjects at rest in a semi-reclining position (metabolisa 30-100 kg*-cal)* Radiation area is the same as in the resting subject (70 of the surface area). Convection constant on the stationery bicycle at rest is 20$ less than at rest reclining. Pedaling at a rate of 30 revolutions per minute greatly increases the convection constant, equivalent in cooling power to an air movement of 30-40 cm. per second. Evaporative regulation in the working subject is so effective that skin temperature is constant actually being lower at a given operative tem perature for the irking than the reiSljg body. With increasing metabolism at av givoi^operatlvo temperature skin<wSnciiture of the trunk falls. Rectal tempjj " ,,tio^< Internal temperature not akin tempers ihanisB. Thermal sensation of pleasant] Imetabolimi 300-400 kg.-cal.) at ' 'with the resting subject* Mnrimum c< ezpcr- 2 below the point whore active swgm fetlon 477 ction to Tropical Cllma Ohiv. rape. siol., 1, 1-86 (1 " Lost from convection, and evaporation isolated to c _ s in heat production by tho body* The consoqi heat loss are discussed in de tail* The extent to in the cardlo-vatcular and other systis can compensate ce is demonstrated, and the signs of breakdown in these compc ns ere described* The effects of food and of work on thermal rt played by the endocrine glands in maintaining this eqi$ Disturbances of the water and olectrolyte balance conditions that interfere with heat loss* When^bfr ation * with heat loss falls, the resuit- lng crisis ^f5e form of hyperpyrexia^ rculatory insufficiency, electrc- iyte distj farm o: r hyperdehydratiqa^ . togethor with the a ' " ogical factors relating to each al signs and the development of 2atlon to heat, are disc ssctlon is devoted to clihia- and their assessment in comfort and body reactions. biological Aspect of a Miner's Work. T.x^>^/8hllef^ag^K.N. Moss. Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., 100, 141-131 (1941). The oxygen expenditure of walking Qt 3 n.p.h. wae^Masurgd'' in several subjects when erect, at a half-stoop, at full-stoop, and oir^ll-fours. Tho oxygen csnsun?< tion of a 2 minute exercise period and of recoveryJO?the original resting level was very much increased by tho stooping posture, thm^aroenditure on all-fours te- ing more than three times that In the erect posture* QgB^lar comparisons were nado during loading weights under a roof of varying hs^^^y any posture that re quired the use of the back muscles increased oxygen consumption. In all tests training diminished the oaygen consumption* EnTiromentaf^nperature had no Influence on the mechanical efficiency of ergometer work* 479 Sensations of Heat and Moisture. G.P. Crowden and W.7* Dee* Chinese J. Physiol., 15, 475-483 (1940i. _ An arbitrary scale was fixsd for sensations of temperature and moisture. Tem perature sensations were correlated with dry-bulb temperature, moisture sensa tions with relative tamidity and sumated indices for the tto with the "total heat of the air" as used, in air-conditioning* . IHF May 1943 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 WH000127 Methods of Detection and Determination 480 Electron Microscopy on Asbestos Dust iing* in Asbestosis. J. Suebn. Arch.f.Gewerbepath., 10. 473 (April 1942) rToerman). The atf^hor reports some microsco es of asbestos and of lungs of asbes-^, :osi^rrictims for^the purpose_of ning what variety of asbestos is rej iblo bes^ {Sftrystolite) asbestos is the fora genei used, / t would be found in lungs with asbesi Sundius ed^Bygdenj however, that only hornblende asbesteod^o^ domon- strable ii eating that serpentine dust is decoap^seoq^ the tis- sues* Tho electron microscope to study thjLjoM^stze and structure in free dust and as found in tps i\i*Ss. It is usual. ly easy forms under the Blcwscope, the serpen tine iajy' beisg/gnc: red, clear and t t, and hornblende rigid Jr in diaa< examinetio articles from 3 lungs did .cate clearly _ was pres photcmicroacopic determine- tidtf of the refractioi cesi and Bygden, was then m- ployed. That mettud asbestos needles isolated from the lungs were of the horabU concluded that serpentine asbestos Is decomposed la the lunge tial cause of fibrosis. When asbestosis lungs are macerated with ni; :en peroxide, both free asbestos needles and asbestosis xobt Hornblende asbestos shows no signs of decomposition by Sm, ^ther^ENthe free neodlea or on the asbostc- sis bodies. 481 Polarigraph) _ ;nation of Lead i^oBone Weinig. l.Physlol. Chem., 273. 1). (German). The pa^Ss&mphic method, which is fu dweribboj the advantages of use zt unts of material, simpler prol ent of the bone ash, and action of the polarigraph. iochemlstry of Silicic Acid. SC. Isolation aad^dentiflxatlon of Minerals in Lung Residues and Air-Borne Dusts from Coal Minea^? G. Kagelsctaidt and 2.1. Sing. Biochem. J., 35, 152-158 (1941). The isolation of mineral residues from lungs by di^esrtioa with hydrogen peroxide and removal of carbon from these residues and from air-bome dusts by heating to 380C are deacribed. The minerals in the residues *0^hen identified by x-ray diffraction methods. Data are presented for the wnatituent3 present in a lung residue and a mine dust; the main components are quara^and a member o: each of the mica and fcaolin groups. 483 A New Method for the Determination of Pree Silica in Industrial Dusts. A. Salazar and L. Silverman. J.Ind.Syg, & Tox.. 25. 139-148 (April, 1943). The authors describe a new method for free silica determination, in which the dust sample is first passed directly through a controlled flame, fusing practi cally all partielse except those of silica. The fused sample is then collected by an electrostatic precipitator and rcmoYed to a microscope slide for analysis. The method can be applied, to air-borne or rafter dust samples. The amount of free silica is determined by a direct count of the fused and unfused particles. Possible interfering materials are refractorisa and those which decrepitate at high tmaperatures. These interferences are not very common and when present nay Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 be identified by their optical characteristics. The determination can be carried out on each microscopic field so that possible particle size variation in trans ferring fields is eliminated. The method can also be used with the standard petrographic technique, reducing the number of particles to be Identified if several refractory materials are present with fusible material. -- Author's summary. 484 A Portable Electrostatic Precipitator, W.L. Lea. J.Ind.Ifyg. k Tox., 25, 152- 156TApril, 1943T: ^ A p^able precipitator is descigrtSli iirWch the sampling head and blower separate from the self-contained ^^4r supply. This construction arrange gitw^thp utmoft^eedomof^S^ement during sampling, so that the follo^^skmen ^^pbta^^ie^les accurately representing their inhaYRibfc^he procip&t^tbr may ^e^BA^^with little effort since all parts wltj^y^xception of the the high voltage condenser are standard *Sr?s. Tho coz- 3truction jijiaff'itaw?and typical data obtained are pres* * 485 Dotermi lad. . Nitrate Esters: A Colo 1943). ethod. a. Yagoda. letric met termination r nitrate esters is das- cMae<r, based on t sulfuric acid and the ni- tration of m-zyleso The method has been applied to nitroglycerine, d pentaerythrltol totranitrate over a range of 3.0 to eaol is readily volatilised by a stoam- distillation which pemi' , ^tion of the method to complex systems. The reaction proceeds in stoics rtiona, so that the quantity of ester present can be evaluet ~ nitrate standard. -- Author1 3 sugary. 5) 486 Diethylaminoeth cages1 enaction and Colorimetric Datorrn.na- tion of Small ^f Trinitrotoluene in Air. 7.2. Goldman and D.Z. Hushing. lad.Hyg. 15, (April, 1943^ A icetho * iinating the concent " the air is described in de uthors' sxaimary follows: c method has been devised tination of TNT based on the noethanol as a reagent compound. The color produced 1 We hope to publish a soon for dinitretoluol end for tet use of this same re- 487 Detomlaation of Fumigants. XI, Determination of~ rohydrocarbons in Air by P.oaction in Monoethanolamine. XII. Determination of Sthylene Dlchlorlde and -i- These papers constitute the continuation of a series on f-l3%determiaation of fumigants (many of which are also industrial contmainsnts^d>Ihe methods are long, and the original or tho Chemical Abstracts refereacs'should be consulted for details. 488 A Modification of the Silica Pel Method for the Determination of Ahnoapherls pTfiaaie Solvent Yaoors. L.V. Cralley and others. J.ind.Hyg. k Tox., , 172 174 (April, 1943). Silica gel has been used in the determination of ben2#ne and other organic sub stances in air, but the method has boon used onlygrsvimctrically. Tho authors describe a modified mothod in which the organic vapor is adeerbod by silica gel and than removed from the gel by a second solvent which will not cause subsequent interference. The amount of the substance sought is than determined by any Industrial l^giene Digest - 27 accepted method of quantitative chemical analysis* The authors applied it to the determination of carbon tetrachloride, which they removed from the gel by ethyl alcohol and decomposed by alcoholic potassium hydroxide* The chloride formed was then determined voluaetrically. Additional studies are in progress to ascertain the applicability of the method to the estimation of other organ! solvent vapors. 489 A377 on of health by system. The latest 10 pages of illustraBureau of Ulnes, 490 Am.J.of Pub* Health, 33, 5571560 The author thinks that oj ban a committee, should be appointed t carry out & good houseket n larger plants the safety director o engineer is the persoi er plants not possessing the ser- vicos of such a _ seeos best fitted for the job of supervisor. gives the supervi^r^authority to incur expense for fu tures and addmoa^^labor. SuggestS^dutimj^f the supervisor are:--to ccnsu id labor to iaprove^firodudt^a)flow> plant traffic, and stor age of^^^^quipment; to ascertai3tqie obd^odal regulations concerning sanifeHou to work out a plan with tht^t&h|%tena^p^an to keep equipment in ^ . to provide janitor with itaaiw^rder regular cleaning of the interior; to establish a routine for<3a*-pe personal inspection of plant. 3cw to Pea*fbrhaust Bcoda. J.M. DallaValle. Sgb>. fcVSnt., 40, (March, 1343 This 13 the first in a aeries of articles which il&^appear In HEAniKr rltZ tz? LATINO during 1943* They are reprinted from a privdwly printed monograph *ni was reviewed by the abstractor in this Digest, Kovb'*iV 1939 under the title "Principles of Exhaust Hood Design." r.^^rkert. 492 Ventilation and Heating of liarit^*-- commission Shins. Vent.. 40*7"32*37 (?ebruarv. 1943). sj? Heat. ~ This is an excellent-and thorough article describing the ventilation and heat, of merchant ships. All phases of the problem are discussed. The number of u changes for various ship sections is given methods of air distribution vre shown. The article is well Illustrated with photographs of actual installs*, it Special conditions required for dry cargo holds are deacribed. 493 Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone as Aerial Disinfectants. W.W. Coblentz. Phys. Therapy. 23, ?09-fti (December, 1942). After a concise review of the literature, the author concludes that "the use ; ultraviolet radiation and ozone as disinfectants is not justified endthat if a used intelligently those two gex&lcldes may cause serious injury to the cccup&n of plaees undergoing dlslnfectlon. " Industrial hygiene Digest - 28 494 Worship Ventilating, Heating and Air Conditioning. T.H* tfrdahl and w.c* 'Whittle sey. Heat., Pip., k Air Cond.. 15. 105-110. (Pahruarv. 1943). Progress in warship construction can only be made by providing more punch per pound, and a naval engineer should strive to develop lighter, simpler, and more foolproof methods to accomplish this end. Conventional practices should be con tinually analyzed from the functional standpoint and revised wherever commensur ate savings in weight or space are possible, or where dependability can be im proved, Ventilating engineers are ujged to oooperate in giving technical service regarding Naval construction. 495 tive Mettoda for the Prov Industrial Dermatoses. N.t^Sjate J Killed., 5-1528 (August 15, 1942). Shiphsa^iag that^aore lost from work because of occupation than hec^tese of ^ " ccupational disease, Dr. Schwartz ouj mathods\ep^$he) ion* These include pre-employment dent vefi^^n s, the use of protective clothing^Qp^^&tfdctlve oint- monts, aadaESfrlll ineas* Different types of pntjpnve clothing and tho vali^^ra&fe\ire ly discussed, and It issjoinfeed out that not only thl>^u!^<ng,<\^e the as, and even the wpriprau? should be cleaned daily, tns&lroaents f. irritating akiaftaAtt'sers are listed. The arti- includes wit of protecJi^t^iraenta, listing six general sos, and the \ 496 Elimination of Gas Han atment Plants. Pacific Flush-Tank Co*, Water Works and Sewage, 63-46? (1941). The collection and utlll gas are attended by the risk of explo- sion and the danger to ariStng^from the poisonous properties of the gas* Operators ar^i^^a^ed. by. tho design of control rooms, which should bo at grwpdTivir, frebjy-"&cces and ventilated by forced draught, Detailed desigs&mrw^nven. Water-seals mains are unreliable and should not bo u3e4uK5^$alue of flame traps' is ized and suitable designs arc illustra^e\k^6ourcas of ignition mustTbe ed as far as possible, e.g., by ^^^pgerplo sion-proof electrical'-. son-sparking tools. Gas Increases explosion risks, and" os which nay warrant srer- the most suitable types of gasho sed. It is essential tc rhtain a positive gas pressure throughout... all times, and means "for minimizing pressure losses are described^)4^ 497 Effect of a Vacua on Destruction of Bactoriaa bfrjgegalcldes. A.J. Salle and 7T^M. Sorzeuovsky* Froe* Soc. Exp. Biol. &tfed., SffTia-16 (May. 1942). Cultures of eight species of baetdria wero dried bvjSfkass slides or on cotton, plaeed in plugged tubes, and exposed to fozoaldehyde^rikpge_n_e_r_ated in a closed chamber by the addition of commercial formalin to pMotmti^sSmnn permanganatee.. When the air in the chamber was at atmospheric pressure the ten^objects were In no case disinfected in 1 hour, end five of tbs eight specled^pbacteria survived for 2 hours* Whan the chamber was evacuated to 29 in* of mercury before goneratlng the same smount of gas (which raised tbs pressure in the chamber to 28 in*] only two bacteria survived for 5 minutes and none for 29* It Is considered that tho only action of an initial vacuim is to cause penetration* A vacuum has no effect on tha action of liquid germicides* 498 Tho Employment of Disinfectants in Droplet and Mist Fora* H* Sliewe. Zent.f* Bakt.I.Abt. Qgjg*~l4a. 3B8-395 (March 26. 1942). ' The author has oabarked on a disinfection study end tbs elementary conclusions which he roaches are already fa&iliar In this country* He sprtyed a saline sus pension of Chr* prodigiosua into a vessel of 25 liters capacity or into a small Industrial Asians Digest - 29 closed room, and enumerated colonies in agar plates exposed at intervals after introducing a disinfectant by means of three different sprays, giving particles of different sizes. Experiments were done to show that the effects observed were due neither to disinfection on the surface of the culture nor to the acre carrying down of bacteria-ladca particles from the atmosphere. He concludes that a disinfectant any be far more effective in air than in water, that rela tive efficacy in the two media varies from one 4sinfectant to another, that fine droplets are more efficient than conge, and that measures which will disinfect the air of a room will not accessaeSydisinfect objects in it, particularly fab^ss or other Irregular surf^k^fie believes also that the chmaical i: ` _' >n of airAs 4 practical pop&ility, applicable with advantage ing-^tiffitres^s^to Tor infectious cases. Whereas lysol his ^M^nentVrvitvig^Ml^eh out that something less toxic is aecefcfnW^Tor practiofil piurpos^D^rd^straying inhabited rooms, one trial of^Sifffceppareat- ly prerc^Jem of chickenpcx among children, he use^^aN^sorcin prepo: ation." * "* 439 The Problag of Absentee^ Labor and National Service. Leaflet ?.L,, 106 London (1942) Continuous and effecti^^gfehiSfa mus0be given to the problem of absenteeism ?inforfwc aOr rfdaecrstoirniesth. e/*DtaifrSfffcfPSpaaSbbSssbsbfcAfc_cwaw* ehfp.rbdng froi^b^ik the provisions of the Essential or persistent lateness are pointed cut. Two classagt u^f^Jtibsences are diacussedT^tbose due to "facts" and these caused prinrfS^y^faelings." In.the ft ass, causes of absences are sickness. (staSsif, shopping difflc oquircoeats, fatigue due to long *&sn^sh long journeys. An e; thk^$cond class is found in the cajrfo^wrkors In a permanently black fbb^wwwbo feel depressed owing of sunlight and the apparent In of air aovmaent, Lack of Interest it its urgency is a cause of absence whl to help. An attack on psychological causos rcperltentilation, due to the ab a lack of conviction ctlop?,committees should be able ^absenteeism is the greatest sln- gle contribution that can be made to a solutioaLbftho^probl. A redistribu tion of work, or of tha.labor force, should be b^^Sjdared so that those who_ need special working hours would net disturb the woifc^f others. Appendix - gives a foza for the keeping of absentee!* records/aoi> Appendix II gives suggss tions for "follow-up" action cn these records. ?P) 500 A Study of the Effect of Fixad-Ptce Work Soon Health. G.d^Turaer. Canad. rub. Health J. . 34. 66*73 (February. 1943TT The paper susasrizee the first unbiased sad systoatic study of the chronic effects of fixed-pace work of the conveyor-belt type upon hvman efficiency \nd health. The investigation was based upon a study of production and illness records of 1033 employees in three plants. The isveetlgatlon disclosed that fixed-pace work is detrimental to health and contributes to ierk dissatisfaction and strained relationships between employer and worker, The investigator sug gests: (1) more careful choice of suitable employees for fixed-pace work; (2) regular rest periods in order to decrease fatigue, break monotony and inspect machinery, and (3) variation of machine speeds in accordance with human fatigue curves. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 30 501 The Problem of Function*.! Disease aa Seen In Industry. D.2. Bell. Caaad. Med. Assoc. J.* 4fi, 108-110 (February, 1943). The paper Indicates the importance or psychoneurosis as a problem to be faced in industrial medicine. The author believes that the factor of compensation is more important than that of trauma in neurotic- casos. Many physicians treat the injury without consideration of the functional disability that ensues. Laymen, however, are in complete readiness to accept functional disability witiaut ques tion* The solution of the problemJJres in the education of both the laity and the Mdical profoesion in the states of functional disability, in- their existence, factoz^p^vorable to their development and means o. eomWraeting sd$h factors 502 MediwiJ/S&sminktf; ftry, Their function and Scone. 'rf.N. L 20 (July-August, 1942). (British). are considered, often of young pfiraoh^gntering Suggestions aro given concejmtnggJUfe appointments dosirability of the use of ta^jjwl methods by doctors tanco of giving inst^ampn and counsel to the his relation tO/JCSTVcS? and his employer. 503 ,,tr ja J.J. Bloomfield, 92951 1941)." The private physician th problems of industrial hygiene, as only one third of Aneri any medical service at the plant proper, although Industrial hygle! ncreasing.rapidly. A cut of only 10$ in the nearly 400,000 lost to Industry through disability would be a worthwhile, dlcal organizations could form, con- mlttees on indust , w, private practitioners should cooperate. Ob1st of these 'ccnaitte include: (1) training of physi- dans to d report, inmedls^el pational diseases; (2) pre-employ ment and physical examina obtaining of detailed occupa- tioi leal histories* fration of Cast Finding in Industty^-vS.P. 'To|^I Imen, Calif. & West.lied. rc. Supp. . 57. 51 (July. 1942). Alameda County Association did fluorosc^id>ches^^sminations of 5,dll adult persons employed in industry,, and made xurtber fMes in 120 persons. In 76 persons (1*4$) tuberculosis or other diseasefjnere fttmd; active pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 27 persons* The totlk^Sajit of the examinations was $2,366.18 or 42 cents per person. The cost of disordering each of the 76 per sons needing medical attention was 431*16; the cost" offinding each case of active tuberculosis was $87.71. dp) 505 Tuberculous Probl*** W.P* Shoppard. Calif.<^^fest. Med., Tuberc. Supp., 57, 48 (July, 1942). ^ Tuberculosis has increased in the nations which are at war. Contributing factors are: food shortage, overcrowding, inadequate medical and health facilities, lncraased work. Ways in which industry eon help la the control of tuberculosis are: fixing the length of the working hours; refusing to hire inexperienced help comprising, people of an age particularly susceptible to tuberculosis; in creasing health safeguards and providing for locating early cases. Necessary health safeguards for industzy are: pro-employment and periodic health examin ations; compliance with tho highest standards for ventilation, lighting and san itation; dispensary and first aid rooms; health education, responsibility of foremen; personal and domestic hygiene; plant cefoterlae; rest periods; rotation on night shifts; prevention of sllieo-tuberculosls* Industrial ^rgiene Digest . 31 906 Sons Reflections os the Tuberculous in Industry. B. Mean. Tubercle, 23. 72-75 (March, 1948)7 w Attention is called to what the author considers on inconsistency in a scheme suggested in a circular recently issued by the Ministry of Labor and National Service. The anploymoat of sputua negative and quiescent cases is proposed, while "the vast bulk of usefully employable tuberculous subjects - tho 'middle case* with a positive sputim - is entirely omitted from consideration". Al though there is a strong prejudice both enployers and employees against admitting tuberculous persons Into 4Hustry, there is nothing in the existing method of labor recruiuaent to g^hdgjhlnst the entry of unrecognized spu "ve cases.,, They any luge bejs^/passed by the factory surgeon, or th$y ha' al at all. A contrast is pointed out bei strl Id dissemination of the tubercle baci^VSi^the Navy axity in allowing increasing nimber4^fcj6cttve TOrtcars vwrkahops of Britain. The author plea of part-t tha tuberculous, similar to that ud|dYM>ths case of married _ would imply a low standard of IqsQfrgpualaas earnings wero sub^W^rtttf ding scale dependent on j^lodib'^reassessmoat of work isg^S^. Apropos* ' made for tho segremnSjuf infective cases in spe- <p**P^ftshopa or .th adequate pprpwrwras to canteen, hostel and itnncB facillti considerhJ*r?WoTtant that previous history of^uborculosis sho IQ aaWA&llablercSw* cases of persons enterlxig Indus- try, such infotnatlon StaKthe subjects* interests. Mass radio* graphy should help to . and non-infactive cases, so as to limit the dissemination in industry. 507 Industrial Health and New Eng. J.of Med., 227, 209-216 (August 6, 1942). -- Tho author stresM^tt^ Tact thtft non ional diseases account for the majority of worfaarcost to industry, nea the function of industrial medicine and^A^rthe major healtl^s&s an industrial health program: (1) which involves rout ^ working conditions and a safatjK^gram; (2) health education; and subsequent physical ms; (4) medical and surgical cations of the industrial .an are: thorough medical experts ending of Industrial rela- i, knowledge of job analysis and many A brief discussion "of the problems of fatigus end malnutrition is given. A series of -graphs, based on tho data on employees two^ari .panies, are concerned with the effect of tho sex and age of the worketd the duration of tho illness on diagnosis. Others show the relation of porriioodsj8 absence to the several days of the week. The fact that absences begin annd&MjtMfs.d-, most often on Monday seems to indicate a psychological probl< 508 Health Services in Industry. Industrial Welfare Soe. C phy) London: 14, Ebbart Place, S.W.l. 60 pp. (1942). The article stresses the need for health service in industry and deplores the fact that there wore in June, 1942 only 150 full time and 550 part time doctors employed in munition factories. Benefits of health service are listed. Require, meats for starting a works* health service are explained: a whole time doctor is needed where more then 1000 are osployod; a woman doctor should be engaged where women are maployed. Small plants, with loss then 250 wxkers should com bine to engago a doctor to serve several or should mploy part time doctors to attend at regular, hours. The suggested organisation is similar to that recom mended in the United States and actually set in nsny establi slments The publication is recaomended as being reliable and up-to-date -- in fact it is a valuable compendium of infozmation such as any one undertaking or engaged upon health work in industry wants*' Industrial Bygiene Digest - 32 509 Successful Physical and Medicinal Treatment of Severe Carbon Monoxide Sncphn. tis. Report on tbs Use of ParvitinI H.G. Scholt2 and K, luschneid* Dout. ^ed. Woch., 67, 1362*1385 (Decamber 19, 1941). (German). * Details are given of treatment with pervitin, combined with physical therapy, ia a case of encephalitis, following carbon monoxide poisoning* The dosage was in creased from 3 mgn. per day to 15 mgs. and was then reduced as bodily and mental activity increased, until, after a period of five months the administration of Porvitin and scopol&mine bromide, wfaj*sh had been added later in the course of the treataent, was discontinued wiffib ill offsets. The special value of Pe: ti^/Sles in its power to arouao<Sk^?ioat from- his mental torpor, to rest; hisCo^fafidence ih ultimate^e^ov^y and to socure his participation in then ^ ' 510 leti reament of Shook. By the Conmittee Associate Connittee on Medical Reset Coned. M.A. J., 43, 196-205 artii .inti on account of ths great aabe^oi)Tissue injuries, ored in industrial metfara. ^rlaAty or neurogenic hock in that tho ,sroih5pw appear more quickly and lo rate is former. Xn^Cjga^pzy shock, successful treat- lepends upon of tof ths condition, and in all sbiious wounds, b >rrl ions, shock should be anticipated, General principles of t nt it of iMBorrhags, (2) Closure of wounds of chest, (3) Po aition, (4) Relief of pain by morphine, (5) Prevention of further naorvation of body heat, (7) Early res toration and maintenance, ts) Control of dehydration by ed&inis- tration of isotonic a (trarenously, (9) Promotion of comfort and confidence, (1 itioi unit. Burn shock is briefly discussed. Fit continues hstatocrit readings should be taken coat Serua transfusion only adequate treatment. In the c ' Htproaston syndrome ~ ucntly complicates shock, ration of alkali may h^n''pxev tl failure, and pressure band- levs ths syndroao. Aneatiwiij^if m shock should be by or ethar, never spinal. Twc pplemented by three The administration of dried _ aids to intravenous stration of fluids; and reactions caus$V us infusions. A bibliography is obtainable on request* ^ 511 Syphilis in Industry. 5.A. Nelson. Am.J.Syph., It Vsn.Dis., 27. 73-77 (January, 1943). ^^ The author complains against ths prejudiced and aisl^nsd public in regard :o syphilis, especially ths significance of ths blood tsirfs^Ths false belief tea; ths disease is casnunieable at all times whan a poaitiT^pjjaod test is found, is prevalent, sad its. results are soen in industry as in e$|r fields. A posi tive blood tost frequently excludes able man from smployasaS. It has been shewn that a syphilitic worker is fully as efficient as his non-syphilitic brother, provided he does not hare cardiovascular or nouraxls involvement. Ths decision is thus left in the bonds of an intelligent physician* The author urges that public ignorance be attacked first through industry, by allowing ths physician instead of the uninformed laymen to determine the medical policy. 512 Relationship of Disease and Weather. B. Sreisen. Beet, a Vent., 40, 61-61 (February, 1943). , This article describes the sir conditioned room recently installed at Northwes tern Sniveraity Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. The technical details of tho installation are illustrated and discussed. Industrial glens Digest - 33 513 Which Job.* *** Tflimp Workers? U.S. Dept. of Labor, Children's Bureau. 5 pamph lets, 4-3 pp. each (October, 1942-February, 1943). Pamphlet No.l, "Shrpioyment of Young Workers la War Industries," introduces the series. The keynote is found in the statement printed on the title page of each pamphlet: "The young worker of today is the skilled worker of tomorrow -- Pro tect him from injury." The separate leaflets deal with the accident and health hazards in shipbuilding, in a&ployment involving exposure to carbon disulfide, in lead and load-using industries, and^in employment where chlorinated solvents are ^sed*. In connection with each tsSl of naployment, kinds of work in which under 18 years of age shcrfj&afe} should sot bo roployed aro listed. vaJ&s^of high school traininm^is sfiignized by some industries who wish to in .ere they can be developed into skilled rers or in dead end jobs. Sal sting I "* .d^labol n provides much guidance, and legal st&< .y observed. Tho standards developed ^general in their application and regarded as >tect young workers during this :od. (Copies ist.< 514 Welfare/ >e on National ditt Session rt from the Select Coandon: S.M. Stationery 0fft.ee, 1942. 24pp The report is the re. She welfare and medical errasgm&ents for women employed in factories. It Is ccrnpre datlons found in similar which have been revi Tories and other government assisted (ailed and embodies features and recoalmen-- pued in the United States, several of >f the Industrial Qyglene Digest. 'C/> 515 Nutrition in W Si. F. rgnatieff^/ id. Pub. Health!., 33. 571-574 (December, 1|4: An essentietnhi^fbe in tho product* terial is the canteen or restaur- ant whesfctetliyective, nutritious ancf ala are served. These meals Mod refrdslBent are impo tactc combatting fatigue, increas- fiency and improving the health irkeri the plant discussed a diotltian Is in charge. Tho study of the likes of workers, and the meals are freshly pro .fo: shift and served at cost, 'During tho rest periods, milk, fresh fruit jltthe, an* oe made with 25ft milk are. served. The personnel depar&ent and tho osteal _ nt have charge of a program of education which Includes lectures scooting habits, healthy break fasts, and proper choice of food in the canteen. ^!|#se lectures are given dur ing the worker1! training period. ^ r^\b Additional Mawa If 516 The OWI announces that more than 97 per cent of Naval and Marino rounded, from Pearl Harbor to March 31, 1943, have recovered. Those figures were contained in a report by OWI on the cere of the rounded by the medical deparkaents of the Army and Navy. Percentage figuroe for the recovery of Army rounded aro not available at proeent owing to incompleteness of records from ths fighting fronts. An analysis of available data on Army rounded shows that recoveries are compar able to Naval and Marine percentages. Of all Navy and Marine personnel rounded only 2.6 per cent died subsequently. Fifty-three per cent were returned to duty. Still under treatment as of March 31 were 43*3 per cent. Invalided from service were 0.9 per cent. INDEX (May, 1943) Absenteelsa 499 Air analysis fumigants 487 solvent vapors jHwmnM a 483 poisoning Analysis alipiiati^, nitrates 485 lead arograph c^81 trinitrbtolssne ^<x486 Anami ft tone Arsenic poiso liver cirrhosf Asbestos electro Ascorbi in bone meal Beryllium toxicity Black dermographism Carbon disulfide poisoning Carbon monoxide anoxemia camp stoves encephaliti treatm opti$ Cash 450 ray of compounds 467 Cyclotron workers blood findings DawBfltitia 473 airplane industry 455 cutting oils 456 rubber mask 458 Dermatoses 457 prevention 495 Disease and weather 512 functional 501 Disinfection droplet and mist 498 ozone k radiation 493 vacuua k germicides 497 Dust control exhaust hood design 491 SLectrostatlc precipitator portable 484 gye infections 465 Fatigue mining , 478 Ferrous Physical examinations 502 Pnomio coni :> sis aluminxsL 414-415 iron dust 420-421 porplcrry 435 List ^^469 4S 6 and treatment intrathoraclc lymph nodes 436 lung function 434 lung residue analysis 482 Silesian potters 433 Sirin cleansers 459-450 Sulfur physiological effects danger i*j^or fM^J\425 437 Sulfur dioxide poisoning '<0/ in flue gases 447 scrap roci ' pnetmonia 448 toxicity of Syphilis 511 Lead tetraethyl Tetra-chloro-para-bcr.2c- in gasoline * K cuinone Magnesium. toxicity 474 health aspects onyironaent 47 5 lung effect Trinitrotoluene "Manganeso intoxication Medical service industrial Mercury handwriting test diet k poisoning t54 Tuberculosis 5C5-5C5 ^/i'sease finding 504 508 <:^lrilat^on ^UaS 492.494 431 Wa^^caaea and chemicals Methanol occular effect 449 chronic poisoning 453 We^l*s disease Minors sarm 466 in industry 513 Wald^ .Nitrogen oxides eye effects 471 poisoning 446 fatality 469 Nutrition 515 health hazard 470 Fhoipphor^f lung effects 472 skin irritation 432 Woman in industry 514